(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi
352
Tqven unda SearCioT sam mocemul ricxvSi
cifrTa swori Tanmimdevroba, anu am cifrebidan
romelze Rirs, Tqveni azriT, fsonis dadeba?
859 101 333
574 948 772
Tu Tqven moTamaSeebis umravlesobas hgavxarT,
Tavs aaridebT im ricxvebs, romlebSic cifrebi
meordeba, radgan nakleb savaraudoa, rom es
ricxvebi SemTxveviTi Tanmimdevrobis reprezentatuli
iyos. sinamdvileSi samcifriani ricxvebis
27%-s, sadac TiToeuli cifri aRebulia
SemTxveviTad diapazonidan 0-dan 9-is CaTvliT,
eqneba ganmeorebiTi cifrebi. miuxedavad amisa,
gaTamaSebaSi „Indiana pick-3" 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi
monawileTa mxolod 12.6%-ma airCia ricxvi
ganmeorebadi cifrebiT (Holtgraves & Skeel, 1992).
imis gamo, rom azartuli TamaSebis situaciebis
umravlesoba winaswar mofiqrebulia, umjobesia,
maT sifrTxiliT moekidoT. umeteswilad, adamianebs
imedi aqvT, rom reprezentatulobis mixedviT
da ara realur albaTobaze dayrdnobiT
gaakeTeben momgebian arCevans.
„Ruza amoRebulia!~
evristikis mesame formis gasacnobad, scadeT
azrovnebis eqsperimentis Catareba. daiwyeT
qvemoT mocemuli magaliTis amoxsna da 5 wamis
Semdeg dawereT miaxloebiTi pasuxi.
1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 = _____
5 wamSi Tqven, albaT, SeZlebT ramdenime
moqmedebis Sesrulebas da miiRebT arasrul
pasuxs, SesaZloa, 24-s, Semdeg ki gamoiyvanT
saboloo pasuxs.
axla scadeT Semdegi magaliTis amoxsna:
8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = _____
im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu Tqven SeamCnevT, rom
es sapirispiro mimarTulebiT dalagebuli igive
ricxvebia, naxavT, rom miRebuli Sedegi sakmaod
gansxavebuli iqneba. albaT, magaliTis amoxsnas
daiwyebT Semdegi moqmedebis SesrulebiT - 8 X 7
da miiRebT 56-s; Semdeg, SeecdebiT 56-is 6-ze
„Ruzis~ evristika (Anchoring Heuristics) – zogier-
Ti movlenis an Sedegis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
msjelobisas misi sawyisi mniSvnelobis gadafaseba
an verSefaseba.
gamravlebas, rac ukve sakmaod did ricxvs
gaZlevT. Semdegi moqmedebis SesrulebiT Tqven
isev nawilobriv pasuxs miiRebT da ganagrZobT
magaliTis amoxsnas. tverski da kanemani (Amos
Tversky & Daniel Kahneman, 1974) eqsperimentis monawileebs
aZlevdnen identuri problemis or
variants. pirveli variantis SemTxvevaSi pasuxebis
mediana Seadgenda 512-s, xolo meore variatis
SemTxvevaSi _ 2,250-s (swori pasuxia 40320).
rogorc Cans, nawilobrivi Sefaseba (5 wamis
ganmavlobaSi Sesrulebuli moqmedebebis pasuxi)
gavlenas axdens saboloo Sefasebaze: rac ufro
didia nawilobrivi (arasruli) pasuxi, miT ufro
didia saboloo Sefaseba. A
am martivi magaliTis amoxsniT Cven davasabuTeT
„Ruzis~ efeqtis arseboba. raime movlenis
an Sedegis Sesaxeb msjeloba, romelic emyareba
„Ruzis~ evristikas, sakmarisi ar aris. misi
gamoyeneba ganapirobebs Sedegis realuri mniSvnelobis
gadafasebas an verSefasebas. „Ruzis~
evristikis gamoyeneba mizanSewonili ar aris,
roca Tavdapirveli Sefaseba Seicavs mocemuli
msjelobisaTvis WeSmaritad relevantur informacias.
miuxedavad amisa, im SemTxvevaSic
ki, roca mocemuli informacia aSkarad naklebad
mniSvnelovani an saerTod usargebloa, adamianebi
„Ruzis~ efeqtis Zlier zegavlenas
ganicdian.
saidan
viciT
SemTxveviTi `Ruza~ cvlis Sefasebas
erT-erT eqsperimentSi studentebs mianiWes
pirobiTi saidentifikacio nomrebi
(1,928-dan 1,935-mde), romlebic instruqciis
mixedviT unda gadaeweraT Tavis kiTxvarebze
(sakontrolo jgufis studentebi
ar iRebdnen nomrebs). am ricxvze studentebis
yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad sxvadasxva
saSualebas (magaliTad, sTxovdnen
aReniSnaT, iyo Tu ara is 1,940-ze meti)
mimarTavdnen, magram saidentifikacio nomeri
naTlad iyo gansazRvruli, rogorc
sxva nebismieri pasuxisTvis irelevanturi.
mogvianebiT, studentebs sTxovdnen, SeefasebinaT
adgilobriv sainformacio broSu-