(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi<br />
348<br />
da radgan TiTqmis arasodes gagaCniaT sruli<br />
codna warsulis Sesaxeb, Tqven Zalian iSviaTad<br />
SeiZleba iyoT darwmunebuli, rom sworad<br />
imsjeleT, an swori gadawyvetileba miiReT.<br />
amgvarad, msjelobisa da gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebis procesebi unda uzrunvelyofdnen<br />
ganusazRvrelobis Semcirebas. kognituri<br />
fsiqoloogiis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli herbert<br />
saimoni (Herbert Simon) wers: ,,im rTul garemosTan<br />
SedarebiT, romelSic adamians uxdeba cxovreba,<br />
misi azrovnebis Zala metad mokrZalebulia~.<br />
is unda dakmayofildes problemebis ,,sakmaod<br />
kargi~ gadawyvetiTa da moqmedebebis ,,sakmaod<br />
kargi~ gegmiT (1979, gv. 3). Aaqedan gamomdinare,<br />
saimoni varaudobs, rom azrovnebis procesebi<br />
imarTeba SezRuduli racionalurobiT. SesaZloa,<br />
Tqveni msjeloba da gadawyvetileba ar<br />
iyos yovelTvis maqsimalurad kargi da racionaluri,<br />
rac ganpirobebulia SezRuduli<br />
resursebis iseT situaciaSi gamoyenebiT,<br />
romelic swraf moqmedebas moiTxovs.<br />
sanam SezRuduli racionalurobis Sedegebis<br />
ufro detalur analizze gadavidodeT, ganvixiloT<br />
gansxvaveba msjelobasa da gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebis procesebs Soris. msjelobis<br />
procesSi Tqven ayalibebT mosazrebebs, gamogaqvT<br />
daskvnebi da axdenT adamianebisa da<br />
movlenebis kritikul Sefasebas; xSirad Tqven<br />
msjelobT spontanurad, motivaciis gareSe.<br />
gadawyvetilebis miReba ki ramdenime alternatividan<br />
erT-erTis amorCevas, SesaZlo variantebis<br />
seleqciasa da uaryofas gulisxmobs.<br />
msjeloba da gadawyvetilebis miReba or urTier-<br />
TdakavSirebul process warmoadgens. magaliTad,<br />
SeiZleba viRacas SexvdeT wveulebaze da<br />
xanmokle saubrisa da cekvis Semdeg es adamiani<br />
CaTvaloT saintereso, Wkvian, patiosan da<br />
gulwrfel pirovnebad. Semdeg Tqven SeiZleba<br />
gadawyvitoT, rom danarCeni dro wveulebaze<br />
gaataroT masTan erTad da daTqvaT Sexvedra<br />
msjeloba (Judjment) _ procesi, romlis saSualebiTac<br />
adamianebi ayalibeben mosazrebebs,<br />
akeTeben daskvnebs da axdenen adamianebis an<br />
movlenebis kritikul Sefasebas xelmisawvdom<br />
masalaze dayrdnobiT; fsiqikuri aqtivobis Sedegi.<br />
gadawyvetilebis miReba (Decision making) _ alternativebs<br />
Soris arCevis procesi, SesaZlo variantebis<br />
seleqcia da uaryofa.<br />
momavali kvirisaTvis; gadawyvetilebis miReba<br />
mWidrod ukavSirdeba qceviT moqmedebas. davubrundeT<br />
azrovnebis am ori tipis kvlevas.<br />
evristika da msjeloba<br />
romelia msjelobis saukeTeso gza? warmoidgineT,<br />
rom Tqven gekiTxebian: mogewonaT Tu<br />
ara filmi? am kiTxvaze sapasuxod Tqven mogiwevT<br />
cxrilis Sevseba, romlis erT mxares aRniSnavT,<br />
Tu ra mogewonaT filmSi, xolo, meore mxares<br />
– ra ar mogewonaT da naxavT, romeli sveti<br />
gamogivaT ufro grZeli. imisaTvis, rom Tqveni<br />
Sefaseba ufro zusti iyos, Tqven kargad unda<br />
awon-dawonoT yoveli debulebis wili TiToeul<br />
mxares, maTi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
(magaliTad, TqvenTvis SeiZleba ufro mniSvnelovani<br />
iyos ,,msaxiobis Sesruleba~ (plusebis<br />
mxare), vidre _ ,,gaxmovanebis efeqtebi~ (minusebis<br />
mxare). Tu mTel am proceduras gaivliT, Tqven<br />
SegiZliaT darwmunebuli iyoT msjelobaSi,<br />
magram es mxolod savarjiSoa, romelsac<br />
iSviaTad akeTebT. realur cxovrebSi Tqven ufro<br />
xSirad da swrafad giwevT msjeloba. Tqven ar<br />
gaqvT dro, anda sakmarisi informacia amgvari<br />
formaluri procedurisaTvis. ras akeTebT amis<br />
nacvlad? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema pirvelad<br />
amos tverskim da daniel kanemanma scades (Amos<br />
Tversky & Daniel Kahneman). isini amtkicebdnen, rom<br />
msjeloba eyrdnoba analizis ufro evristikul,<br />
vidre formalur meTodebs. rogorc zemoT iyo<br />
aRniSnuli, evristika warmoadgens aramecnierul,<br />
praqtikul meTods, romelic amcirebs msjelobis<br />
(gadawyvetilebis miRebis) sirTules.<br />
ra SemTxvevaSi iyeneben adamianebi am praqtikul,<br />
gamocdilebaze damyarebul meTodebs?<br />
rogorc qvemoT naxavT, mkvlevrebi upiratesobas<br />
aniWeben im garemo pirobebis aRweras, sadac<br />
aRniSnuli meTodebis gamoyeneba ganapirobebs<br />
Secdomis daSvebas. am eqsperimentebis logika<br />
aseTia: rogorc aRqmis iluziebis SeswavliT<br />
SeiZleba aRqmis bunebis gageba da mexsierebis<br />
Seswavla – mexsierebis darRvevebis SeswavliT,<br />
aseve SesaZlebelia msjelobis procesebis<br />
Seswavla mcdari msjelobebis SeswavliT<br />
(Kahneman, 1991). rogorc mexsierebis, aRqmisa da<br />
sxva fsiqikuri procesebis SemTxvevaSi, am drosac<br />
erTmaneTSi ar unda agerioT meTodi da
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