(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi<br />
Tu odesme gqoniaT seriozuli<br />
samedicino konsultacia<br />
eqimTan, Tavad yofilxarT<br />
im situaciis monawile,<br />
roca individis msjelobasa<br />
da problemis gadaWris unars<br />
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs.<br />
Tqvens janmrTelobaze pasuxismgebelma<br />
pirma unda<br />
moaxdinos Tqven mier CamoTvlili<br />
simptomebis erTobliobis<br />
(paternis) identifikacia<br />
da daadginos daavadebis<br />
gamomwvevi mizezi; miRebuli<br />
daskvnis safuZvelze individma<br />
samoqmedo gegma unda<br />
SeimuSavos. am procesSi mocemuli<br />
sirTuleebidan gamomdinare,<br />
warmoidgineT raoden<br />
Znelia zustad Tqveni daavadebis<br />
simptomebis aRwera ise,<br />
rom sxvebisaTvis gasagebi<br />
iyos. swored amitom kognitur<br />
mecnierebaTa mimdevrebi ramdenime<br />
welia muSaoben kompiuterul<br />
programebze, romlebic<br />
mniSvnelovan daxmarebas<br />
uwevs eqimebsa da janmrTelobis<br />
dacvis personals<br />
diagnostikasa da mkuranlobis<br />
dagegmvaSi.<br />
am programebs ,,eqspertsistemebs~<br />
uwodeben, romlebic<br />
profesionalTa mier<br />
problemebis gadaWris simulaciaa,<br />
arsebuli codnis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT. sistema<br />
MYCIN, romelic SemuSavebul<br />
iqna 1970-ian wlebSi, safuZvlad<br />
daedo mecnierul kvlevaTa<br />
did nawils am sferoSi.<br />
igi Seiqmna, rogorc infeqciur<br />
daavadebaTa diagnostikisa<br />
da mkurnalobis damxmare<br />
saSualeba (Shortliffe,<br />
eqspert-sistemebi da medicina<br />
1976). am programis muSaoba<br />
eyrdnoba ,,Tu – maSin~ wesebs,<br />
romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba<br />
wanamZRvrebisa da am sferoSi<br />
momuSave specialistebis evristikul<br />
codnaze (magaliTad,<br />
praqtikaze) damyarebuli daskvnebis<br />
dakavSireba. realuri<br />
samedicino diagnozis msgavsad,<br />
MYCIN sistemis saSualebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia wanamZRvrebisa<br />
(magaliTad, pacientis sisxlis<br />
analizis pasuxis) da konkretuli<br />
daskvnis (magaliTad,<br />
diagnozis an mkurnalobis<br />
rekomendaciebis) dakavSireba.<br />
programas, aseve, SeuZlia gviCvenos<br />
(moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi),<br />
Tu rogor mivida igi saboloo<br />
daskvnamde. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
es sistema arasodes gamouyenebiaT<br />
praqtikaSi, Tanamedrove<br />
mkvlevrebis mier Seqmnili<br />
msgavsi programebi inarCuneben<br />
igive princips – rekomendaciebis<br />
garda momxmarebels<br />
miawodon informacia „azrovnebis<br />
procesebis~ Sesaxeb (Chae,<br />
1998; Hudson & Cohen, 2000).<br />
faqtia, rom am programebis<br />
SesaZlebloba – daadginos<br />
daavadebis gamomwvevi mizezebi,<br />
mkurnalobis procesis warmatebis<br />
mniSvnelovani komponentia.<br />
warmoidgineT, magaliTad,<br />
eqimi, romelic iyenebs samedicino<br />
eqspert-sistemas. rogorc<br />
eqimma, Tqven SeiZleba ar<br />
aRiaroT, rom romelime kompiuterul<br />
programas SeuZlia<br />
Tqvenze ukeTesad gansazRvros<br />
daavadeba da Secvalos Tqveni<br />
codna da mravalwliani gamocdileba,<br />
Tumca, mniSvnelovania<br />
imis gaTvaliswineba, rom eq-<br />
spert-sistemebi erTad uyris<br />
Tavs ama Tu im sferoSi dagrovil<br />
codnas. aseTi tipis sistemebSi<br />
mocemulia ara mxolod<br />
faqtebi, aramed maT am<br />
faqtebze dayrdnobiT SeuZliaT<br />
„azrovneba~. mecnierebi<br />
cdiloben iseTi sistemebis<br />
Seqmnas, romlebic uzrunvelyofen<br />
axsnas, Tu ratom unda<br />
daakavSiros momxmarebelma<br />
(janmrTelobis dacvis mu-<br />
Sakma) faqtebis garkveuli<br />
erToblioba konkretul daskvnebTan<br />
(Chandrasckaran& Mittal,<br />
1999).<br />
axla pacientis TvaliT<br />
SevxedoT am yvelafers. ramdenadac<br />
XXI saukuneSi eqspert-sistemebismniSvnelovni<br />
gaumjobeseba xdeba,<br />
Tqven SeiZleba SexvdeT eqims,<br />
romelic Seitans Tqvens konkretul<br />
monacemebs kompiuterSi<br />
da sakuTari codnis<br />
garda eqspert-sistemaSi mocemul<br />
codnasac gaiTvaliswinebs.<br />
veb-gverdebi:<br />
http://smi.stanford.edu es<br />
aris stenfordis samedicino<br />
informatikis veb-gverdi, sadac<br />
ganTavsebulia informacia<br />
mkvlevarTa jgufis<br />
Sesaxeb, romlebmac ganaxorcieles<br />
mTeli rigi proeqtebi<br />
medicinasa da eqspertul<br />
sistemebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
www.cis.upenn.edu/~traumaid<br />
„TraumAID~ aris programa,<br />
romelic Seiqmna kritikul<br />
situaciaSi eqimTa dasaxmareblad.<br />
veb-gverdze ganTavsebulia<br />
eqspert-sistemebis<br />
sademonstracio versiebi.<br />
msjeloba da gadawyvetilebis miReba<br />
347
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