(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi<br />
346<br />
induqciur azrovnebasTan dakavSirebiT kidev<br />
erTi ram unda aRvniSnoT. xSirad SesaZlebelia<br />
efeqturi gadawyvetilebis ganmeorebiT gamoyeneba,<br />
magram rig SemTxvevebSi, roca Zvel da<br />
axal situacias Soris kritikuli gansxvavebaa,<br />
warsulze damokidebulebam SeiZleba xeli<br />
SeuSalos axali problemis daZlevas. 9.12<br />
suraTze aRwerili wylis qilebis amocana amis<br />
klasikur magaliTs warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
warsul gamocdilebaze damokidebulebis gamo<br />
SeiZleba amocana saerTod ver amoxsnaT (Luchins,<br />
1942). pirveli ori amocanis „F~ nawilSi Tqven<br />
aRmoaCenT, rom pasuxis misaRebad arsebobs<br />
zogadi formula B-A-2(C). bunebrivia, rom mesame<br />
amocanis amoxsnisas isev SeecdebiT mis gamoyenebas<br />
da naxavT, rom am formuliT mesame<br />
amocana ar amoixsneba. am SemTxvevaSi unda<br />
gaavsoT „A~ qila da gadmoasxaT imdeni, rom<br />
Seivsos „C~ qila, ris Semdegac dagrCebaT wylis<br />
saWiro raodenoba. Tu Tqven ver mixvdiT, es<br />
rogor unda gagekeTebinaT da amocanis amosaxsnelad<br />
pirvel formulas iyenebdiT, es imas<br />
niSnavs, rom SegeqmnaT im gamocdili wesis<br />
gamoyenebis fsiqikuri ganwyoba, romelmac warmateba<br />
mogitanaT. ganwyoba - es aris fsiqikuri<br />
aqtivobis, azrovnebis Tu Cvevis winmswrebi<br />
mdgomareoba, romelsac garkveuli pirobebis<br />
zemoqmedebiT SeuZlia aRqmisa da problemis<br />
gadaWris xarisxisa da siswrafis gazrda. Tumca,<br />
maSin, rodesac azrovnebisa da moqmedebis Zveli<br />
xerxebi axal situaciaSi ar aris produqtiuli,<br />
maT SeuZliaT fsiqikuri aqtebis Seferxeba da<br />
damaxinjeba. rodesac problemur situaciaze<br />
fiqris dros gaiWedebiT, daixieT ukan da hkiTxeT<br />
sakuTar Tavs _ warsuli warmateba xom ar<br />
ganapirobebs Tqveni xedvis SezRudvas?<br />
problemis gadaWrisas gaiTvaliswineT problemuri<br />
situaciebisa da maTi daZlevis rac<br />
SeiZleba farTo speqtri, rac ufro SemoqmedebiTs<br />
gaxdis daZlevis process.<br />
am nawilSi Cven problemis gadawyvetisa da<br />
azrovnebis sxvadasxva tipebi da konkretuli<br />
etapebi ganvixileT, romlebic realur pirobebSi<br />
moqmedebis gaumjobesebis mizniT unda gaiaroT.<br />
am Tavis bolo nawilSi Cvenc imave strategias<br />
fsiqikuri ganwyoba (Mental set) _ axali problemis<br />
dasaZlevad wina problemis daZlevis<br />
stilis, saSualebis gamoyenebis tendencia.<br />
mivmarTavT. Cven aRvwereT zogierTi mniSvnelovani<br />
kvlevis Sedegebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia<br />
gansjisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis<br />
procesebTan; agreTve SemogTavazeT, Tu rogor<br />
unda gamoiyenoT es Sedegebi TqvenTvis mniSvnelovan<br />
situaciaSi.<br />
Sejameba<br />
problemuri situacia moicavs Tavdapirvel<br />
mdgomareobas, mizans da mTel rig operaciebs,<br />
romelTa saSualebiTac Tavdapirveli mdgomareobidan<br />
individi aRwevs mizans. problemis<br />
daZleva ufro efeqturia, roca adamianebi<br />
gadawyvetilebis komponentebs gamocdian da<br />
sasargeblo reprezentaciebs pouloben. deduqciuri<br />
azrovnebis gamoyenebiT sando daskvnebs<br />
viRebT. kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze dadginda,<br />
rom adamianebi yovelTvis ar arian Tanmimdevrulni<br />
deduqciuri azrovnebis dros. magaliTad,<br />
isini tyuvdebian rwmenis gavleniT, Tumca,<br />
„akrZalvebis~ situaciaSi deduqciuri azrovnebis<br />
efeqturoba imatebs.<br />
induqciuri azrovneba warsuli gamocdilebis<br />
generalizacias moiTxovs. induqcias didi<br />
gamoyeneba aqvs analogiuri problemis gadaWris<br />
dros, rodesac adamianebi cdiloben, ipovon<br />
misi analogiuri Zveli problema, romlis daZlevis<br />
gzebic maTTvis ukve cnobilia.<br />
msjeloba da<br />
gadawyvetilebis miReba<br />
msjelobisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis<br />
Sesaxeb saubars Tqveni yoveldRiuri gamocdilebis<br />
erT-erTi yvelaze didi WeSmaritebiT<br />
daviwyebT: Tqven cxovrobT samyaroSi, romelic<br />
savsea gaurkvevlobiT. gadaixdiT Tu ara 9<br />
dolars im filmis sanaxavad, romelic SeiZleba<br />
an mogewonoT an _ ara? gamocdis win Tqveni<br />
Canawerebis swavlas amjobinebT Tu saxelmZRvanelos<br />
xelaxla gadakiTxvas? mzad xarT<br />
Tu ara CaebaT xangrZliv urTierTobebSi? radgan<br />
momavlis Sesaxeb mxolod varaudi SegiZliaT
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