(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi
344
loa, warmoadgendes genetikuri informaciis
nawils, romelic memkvidreobiT gadaecema adamians,
rogorc socialur arsebas (Cummins, 1999).
am nawilis dasawyisSi aRvwereT situacia,
saidanac Tqven swor deduqciur daskvnas
akeTebdiT sakredito baraTis gamoyenebis
Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, cxovrebaSi arsebobs uamravi
SemTxveva, rodesac SeuZlebelia swori daskvnis
gakeTeba, sakmaod sando wanamZRvrebidanac ki.
axla, ganvixilavT am magaliTis axal versias,
romelic Tqvengan gansxvavebuli formis azrovnebas
moiTxovs.
induqciuri azrovneba
warmoidgineT aseTi situacia: mixvediT
restoranSi da mxolod maSin gagaxsendaT,
SegemowmebinaT, gaqvT Tu ara sakmarisi naRdi
fuli. aRmoaCineT, rom Tqveni sakredito baraTis
_ „American Express~ _ gamoyeneba mogiwevT, magram
restornis gareT ar aris gancxadeba restoranSi
sakredito baraTiT sargeblobis Taobaze.
restornis fanjrebidan moCans kargad Cacmuli
momxmarebeli. meniuSi ki xedavT, rom fasebi
sakmaod maRalia. mxedvelobaSi iRebT ra Tqven
garSemomyofTa maRal materialur mdgomareobas,
mocemul situaciaze dakvirveba gafiqrebinebT,
rom es restorani miiRebs Tqvens sakredito
baraTs. es aris deduqciuri daskvna, radganac
is Tqvens varauds emyareba da ara _ logikur
wanamZRvars. Tqveni daskvna ki induqciuri azrovnebis
nimuSia, rodesac azrovneba gulisxmobs
savaraudo (da ara sando) daskvnebs mocemul
situaciaze dayrdnobiT.
Cven ukve SemogTavazeT induqciuri azrovnebis
ramdenime nimuSi. me-5 da me-8 TavebSi
vnaxeT, rom adamianebi warsulSi dagrovil informacias
iyeneben awmyosa da momavlis gansazRvris
mizniT. Tqven induqciur azrovnebas
Semdeg SemTxvevebSi iyenebT: haerSi popkornis
surnelis safuZvelze askvniT, rom viRac
popkorns akeTebs; induqciur azrovnebas iyenebT,
Tu daeTanxmebiT azrs, rom asoebi am furcelze
induqciuri azrovneba (Inductive reasoning) –
azrovnebis forma, romelic misawvdom mtkicebulebaze
da warsul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT
garkveuli albaTobiT daskvnis gakeTebas
gulisxmobs.
uecrad ar gauCinardeba (an Tu iswavliT, Tqveni
codna ar gauCinardeba testirebis dros).
dabolos, am TavSi ganvixileT daskvnis tipebi,
romlebic adamianis saubridan gamomdinareoben.
Tqveni varaudi, rom igi namdvilad
maRali wris warmomadgenelia, misi metyvelebis
maneridan gamomdinare, induqciuri azrovnebis
nimuSs warmoadgens.
realur cxovrebaSi problemis gadaWris
unari xSirad induqciur azrovnebazea damokidebuli.
davubrundeT isev Cvens magaliTs. Tqven
SemTxveviT CageketaT kari da gareT darCiT.
ras moimoqmedebT am SemTxvevaSi? warsulSi aseT
dros miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gaxseneba
pirveli mizanSewonili nabijia. am process
problemis analogiuri gadawyveta ewodeba. Aam
dros Tqven iwyebT awmyo da warsul situaciebs
Soris saerTos Ziebas (Holyoak & Nisbett, 1988;
Holyoak & Thagard, 1997). `karis Caketvis da gareT
darCenis~ warsuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze
SeiZleba gagaxsendeT zogadi wesi _ `iseTi
adamianebis moZebna, romelTac aqvT gasaRebi~.
am wesiT SeiaraRebuli, Tqven iwyebT am adamianebis
gamoyofas da fiqrs, Tu rogor ipovoT
isini (Ross & Kenedy, 1990), risTvisac SeiZleba
dagWirdeT im meTodis gaxseneba, romelic Tqveni
megobrebis mosaZebnad SeimuSaveT. am problemis
gadaWra imitom geadvilebaT, rom Tqven ukve
mieCvieT warsuli gamocdilebis gamoyenebas _
induqciuri azrovneba saSualebas gaZlevT,
gamoiyenoT gamocdili meTodebi da swrafad
gadaWraT axali problemebi.
problemis analogiuri gadawyvetis Sesaxeb
kvlevebs xSirad saganmanaTleblo mniSvneloba
aqvT (Kolodnery, 1977), magaliTad, Tqveni maTematikisa
da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis maswavleblebi
gacnoben ramdenime amocanas Tavisi
amonaxsniT. amocanebi ukve damuSavebuli pasuxebiT
mocemulia saxelmZRvaneloebSic. Semdgom
Tqven gixdebaT msgavsi tipis amocanebis amoxsna,
romlebsac, savaraudod, daZlevT. aseTi midgoma
emyareba im mosazrebas, rom Tqven gamoiyenebT
induqciur azrovnebas da SeZlebT Zveli meTodebis
gamoyenebas axali problemebis dasaZlevad.
mkvlevrebi Seecadnen, ganesazRvraT is pirobebi,
romlebSic moswavleebi warsuli gamocdilebis
maqsimalurad gamoyenebas SeZlebdnen (Lorett &
Anderson, 1994; Novick & Holyoak, 1991). zogadi
daskvna, romelic maT gamoitanes, gulisxmobs,