(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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suraTi 9.15<br />
abstraqtuli da sagnobrivi azrovneba<br />
Tqven gevalebaT gadmoabrunoT zeda rigSi mocemuli baraTebidan is baraTebi,<br />
romelTa saSualebiTac SeamowmebT wess: `Tu baraTis erT mxares mocemulia<br />
xmovani, mis meore mxares iqneba luwi ricxvi~. qveda rigSi mocemuli<br />
baraTebidan unda gadmoabrunoT is baraTebi, romlebic saSualebas mogcemT,<br />
SeamowmoT Semdegi wesi: `Tu momxmarebeli apirebs alkoholuri sasmelis<br />
dalevas, igi 18 wlis mainc unda iyos~. rogorc wesi, cdis pirebi meore<br />
(Jihnson-Laird & Wason, 1977). ras izamdiT? umravlesoba<br />
fiqrobs, rom unda gadmoabrunos baraTi<br />
„ A~ — rac sworia da baraTi „4", rac arasworia.<br />
mocemuli wesis mcdarobis dasamtkiceblad<br />
araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs baraTs „4", amitom<br />
mis gadmobrunebas azri ar aqvs (xvdebiT, ratom?);<br />
Tqven unda gadmoabrunoT baraTi „7" da Tu<br />
naxavT, rom mis meore mxares mocemulia xmovani,<br />
gamodis, rom wesi ar aris swori.<br />
am davalebas veisonis seleqciis davalebas<br />
(Wason selection task) uwodeben, romelic eWvqveS<br />
ayenebs adamianis efeqturad azrovnebis unars.<br />
es negatiuri azri Semdgom modificirebul iqna<br />
ori mimarTulebiT. pirveli: mkvlevrebma gamoTqves<br />
varaudi, rom, SesaZloa, cdis pirebi bara-<br />
Tebis Sesamowmeblad iyeneben aradeduqciur<br />
strategias, ris gamoc isini ufro adastureben,<br />
vidre uaryofen wesSi asaxuli mimarTebis<br />
ganzogadebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom am strategias<br />
mcdar deduqciur azrovnebamde mivyavarT,<br />
realur situaciaSi is mizanSewonilia mimarTebebis<br />
Sesaswavlad da gadawyvetilebis misaRebad<br />
(Oaksford, Chater, 1994; Oaksford et al., 1997).<br />
meore: deduqciuri azrovnebis gamoyeneba<br />
ufro efeqturia, rodesac cdis pirebs saSualeba<br />
aqvT, rom veisonis davalebis Sesrulebis dros<br />
gamoiyenon samyaros Sesaxeb realuri codna<br />
(Holyoak & Spellman, 1993). warmoi-dgineT, Tqven<br />
gTxoves 9.13 suraTis qveda rigSi mocemul<br />
baraTebze logikuri davalebis Sesruleba. unda<br />
SeamowmoT wesi: „Tu momxmarebeli apirebs<br />
alkoholuri sasmelis dalevas, igi 18 wlis<br />
mainc unda iyos~ (CHeng & Holyoak, 1985).<br />
am SemTxvevaSi, albaT, maSinve mixvdiT, romeli<br />
baraTebi unda gadmoabrunoT: „17" da „ludis<br />
daleva~. realur cxovrebaSi msgavsi problemis<br />
dros SegiZliaT azrovnebis pragmatuli sqema<br />
gamoiyenoT. rogorc me-8 TavSi aRvwereT, sqemebis<br />
Camoyalibeba xdeba gamocdilebis Sedegad. Tqven<br />
akrZalvebis didi gamocdileba gaqvT. gaixseneT<br />
is dro, rodesac geubnebodnen: „televizors<br />
ver uyureb, sanam saSinao davalebas ar Seasruleb~.<br />
aseTi tipis interaqciebis procesSi<br />
Tqven imuSavebT gonivrul sqemas. realur<br />
cxovrebiseul situaciaSi, sadac erTmaneTTan<br />
kavSirSia asaki da sma, xdeba am sqemis aqtivacia,<br />
xolo pirobiT situaciaSi, romelic luw ricxvebsa<br />
da xmovnebs akavSirebs, sqemis aqtivacia<br />
ar xdeba. amitom aseTi pirobiTi tipis davalebebi<br />
ar iZleva deduqciuri azrovnebis unaris<br />
saTanadod Sefasebis saSualebas.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom ukanaskneli kvlevebis Sedegad<br />
gaCnda akrZalvebis procesSi sqemebis<br />
SeZenis azris alternatiuli idea.<br />
zemoT aRwerili davalebis 3 wlis asakis<br />
bavSvebisaTvis modificirebuli variantis Catarebis<br />
dros aRmoCnda, rom maT kargad SeuZliaT<br />
wesis gageba, Tu ra aris nebadarTuli da ra –<br />
akrZaluli. es Sedegebi savaraudos xdis, rom<br />
akrZalvis situaciis gaazreba, SesaZloa, Tandayolili<br />
iyos (Cummins, 1996). radgan is ar<br />
aris damokidebuli socialur normebze, SesaZ-<br />
problemis gadaWra da azrovneba<br />
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