(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi
342
gvaqvs Tu ara deduqciuri azrovnebis formaluri
wesebi (Schaeken et al., 2000). es masStaburi
kvleva gvafiqrebinebs, rom, SesaZloa, marTlac
gagvaCnia zogadi logikuri azrovnebis unari,
magram realur samyaroSi deduqciur azrovnebaze
gavlenas axdens specifikuri codna samyaros
Sesaxeb da konkretul problemasTan dakavSirebuli
reprezentaciuli resursebi.
modiT, es msjeloba qvemoT mocemul daskvnaze
ganvavrcoT da vnaxoT, Tu ra gavlenas axdens
codna deduqciur azrovnebaze. ganvixiloT
Semdegi silogizmi:
wanamZRvari 1. yvelafers, rasac aqvs Zrava,
sWirdeba benzini;
wanamZRvari 2. avtomobilebs sWirdebaT benzini;
daskvna: avtomobilebs aqvT Zrava.
rogor fiqrobT, sworia es daskvna? logikis
wesebis Tanaxmad — ara, radgan pirveli
wanamZRvari Riad tovebs im faqts, rom zogierT
sagans, romelsac ara aqvs Zrava, agreTve,
sWirdeba benzini. siZnele isaa, rom is, rac
arasworia logikur problemaSi, ar aris aucilebeli,
rom mcdari iyos realur cxovrebaSic.
e.i., Tu Tqven mxolod pirvel da meore
wanamZRvarSi mocemul informacias flobT da
Tqven mas ganixilavT ubralod, rogorc formaluri
logikis savarjiSos, maSin es daskvna
mcdaria. miuxedavad amisa, rodesac cdis pirebi
msjeloben, gamomdinareobs Tu ara daskvna
logikurad ori wanamZR-vridan, isini dadebiTi
pasuxisken ufro maSin ixrebian, rodesac daskvna
avtomobils exeba, vidre, rodesac raime uazro
termini gamoiyeneba (Markovitz & Nantel, 1989).
aseTi Sedegi rwmenis efeqtis naTel magaliTs
warmoadgens. rwmenis efeqti gulisxmobs, rom
adamianebi WeSmaritad miiCneven im daskvnebs,
romelTaTvisac SeuZliaT realuri samyaros
misaRebi modelis konstruireba (ageba), xolo
mcdarad Tvlian im daskvnebs, romelTaTvisac
amis gakeTeba uWirT (Evans et al., 1983; Janis & Frick,
1943; Newstead et al., 1992).
rwmenis efeqti (elief-bias effect) – situacia,
romelsac pirovnebis codna, ganwyoba, Rirebulebebi
amaxinjebs da romelic cvlis azrovnebis
process, aiZulebs mas miiRos mcdari
argumentebi.
Tu arsebobs iseTi damajerebeli daskvna,
romelic Seesabameba adamianis gonebaSi problemis
reprezentacias, es daskvna WeSmaritad
miiCneva. avtomobilis SemTxvevaSi, codna avtomobilebis
Sesaxeb aZnelebs am daskvnis uaryofas.
Tumca, roca monawileebs misces zustad
es wanamZRvrebi da sTxoves, gaekeTebinaT daskvna,
daaxloebiT naxevarma SeZlo sworad ganesazRvra,
rom am formulirebiT swor daskvnas ver gamoitanda.
amrigad, codnas, SesaZloa, ufro naklebi
gavlena hqondes Tqveni sakuTari azrovnebis
procesebze, vidre Tqven mier sxvisi daskvnebis
Sefasebaze (Rips, 1990).
logikuri azrovnebis iseTi formaluri instruqciebi,
romlebic aq aris aRwerili,
amcirebs rwmenis gavlenas daskvnaze (Evans et
al., 1994).
azrovnebis unars gamocdilebac aumjobesebs.
amaSi dasarwmuneblad SeadareT, Tu ro-gor
asrulebT erTsa da imave davalebas abstraqtuli
azrovnebis saSualebiT da samyaros Sesaxeb
realuri codnis gamoyenebiT.
warmoidgineT, rom erT rigSi dalagebulia
4 baraTi, romelTagan TiToeulze weria „A~,
„D~, „4", „7" ise, rogorc es 9.15 suraTzea warmodgenili.
romeli baraTi unda gadmoabrunoT,
rom SeamowmoT wesi: „Tu baraTis erT mxares
xmovania, mis meore mxares iqneba luwi ricxvi~