(natia) ZIMBARDO

da mizani, vidre cudad gansazRvruli problemis
SemTxvevaSi.
rodesac algoriTmis gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia,
adamianebi xSirad iyeneben evristikul
meTodebsa da strategiebs, romlebic efuZneba
praqtikul saqmianobasa da gamocdilebas.
warmoidgineT, rom kiTxulobT deteqtivs saidumlo
mkvlelobis Sesaxeb da gsurT gaarkvioT,
vin mokla mdidari komersanti. Tqven,
SesaZloa, gamoricxoT, rom igi ufrosma msaxurma
mokla, radgan Tqveni gamocdilebiT migaCniaT,
rom avtori ar mimarTavda Sinaarsis aseT
banalur ganviTarebas. rogorc Semdeg vnaxavT,
evristika warmoadgens msjelobisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis mniSvnelovan aspeqts.
mkvlevrebi dainteresdnen problemur situaciaSi
adamianebis mier algoriTmisa da evristikis
gamoyenebiT. azrovnebis safexurebis
Sesaswavlad isini xSirad mimarTavdnen xmama-
Rali fiqris meTods, romelic fiqris verbalizacias
gulisxmobs (Ericson & Simon, 1993).
magaliTad, mkvlevrebma gadawyvites, SeeswavlaT
is fsiqikuri procesebi, romelTa saSualebiTac
cdis pirebi wyvetdnen Wadrakis dafis problemas
(suraTi 9.10, nawili C) (Kaplan & Simon,
1990). qvemoT mocemulia erT-erTi cdis piris
xmamaRali fiqris oqmis Canaweri, sadac igi
akeTebs mniSvnelovan daskvnas, rom problemis
gadaWra SeuZlebelia, Tu igi koWebs mxolod
vertikalurad an horizontalurad daalagebs
(dafas vardisferi da Savi ujrebi hqonda).
,,...ase carieli adgili rCeba... es moklea,uhhh...
vardisferi ufro metia, vidre
Savi;imisaTvis, rom Sevavso, saWiroa
SevaerTo ori vardisferi, magram amas ver
vizam imitom, rom isini diagonalzea... es
ixureba? .... (Kaplan & Simon, 1990 gv. 388).
cdis piri mixvda, rom mizans ver miaRwevda,
Tu dominoebs sul horizontalurad an vertikalurad
daalagebda. xSirad mkvlevrebi cdis
pirTa azrovnebis Canawerebs problemis gadaWris
modelis amosaval wertilad iyeneben (Simon,
1979, 1989).
problemis gadaWris gaumjobeseba
ra uSlis xels problemis gadawyvetas? Tu
gamoiyenebT Tqvens yoveldRiur gamocdilebas,
SeiZleba mixvideT daskvnamde, rom „uamravi ram
aris erTdroulad gasaTvaliswinebeli.~ problemis
gadawyvetis procesebze dakvirvebas zustad
imave daskvnamde mivyavarT. xSirad problemis
gadaWras aZnelebs is, rom misi gadawyvetis
gonebrivi moTxovnebi aRemateba gadamuSavebis
arsebul resursebs (Kotovsky et al., 1985; Kotovsky &
Simon, 1990). problemis dasaZlevad saWiroa mTeli
rigi Tanmimdevruli operaciebis dagegmva. Tu
moqmedebaTa es rigi an TviTon gegmaSi mocemuli
TiToeuli moqmedeba metad rTulia, SesaZloa,
verc ki dainaxoT sawyisi mdgomareobidan saboloo
miznamde misaRwevi gza. rogor SegiZliaT
am SesaZlo problemis gadaWra?
problemis gadawyvetis gaumjobesebisaTvis
didi mniSvneloba aqvs Tqveni resursebis
Sesabamisi, realurad ganxorcielebadi gegmis
SemuSavebas.
Tu Tqven regularulad gixdebaT erTi tipis
problemebis gadaWra, maSin mizanSewonili iqneba
daeufloT daZlevis procesSi gamoyenebul
komponentebs, rac ganapirobebs procesis avtomatizacias
da nakleb Zalisxmevas (Kotovsky et al.,
1985). davuSvaT, taqsis mZRolad muSaobT niuiorkSi
da yoveldRiurad gixdebaT manqanebiT
gadaWedil quCebSi pikis saaTis dros moZraoba.
SegiZliaT qalaqis sxvdasxva monakveTSi gansxvavebuli
sapasuxo reaqciebi gamoimuSavoT.
ase rom, Tu droTa ganmavlobaSi gadayvetilebis
mza komponentebi geqnebaT, Tqven mTel yurad-
Rebas gzas miapyrobT. magaliTad, mgzavrs misi
ayvanis adgilzeve gadaaxdevinebT mgzavrobis
safasurs, Semdeg ki SeZlebT mTeli Tqveni
yuradReba moZraobaze gadaitanoT.
gagacnobT warsuli gamocdilebis awmyoSi
gamoyenebis erT-erT saukeTeso magaliTs. msof-
algoriTmi (Algorithm) _ Tanmimdevruli, safexureobrivi
procedura, romlis saSualebiTac
vpoulobT swor pasuxs konkretuli tipis
problemis gadasaWrelad.
evristika (Heuristics) _ kognituri strategia an
,,praqtikuli meTodi~ romelic xSirad gamoiyeneba
rogorc Semoklebuli gza rTuli amocanis
gadasaWrelad.
xmamaRali fiqris meTodi (Think-aloud protocols)
_
problemis gadaWra da azrovneba
339