(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tumca, Cveni yoveldRiuri problemebi ar
aris oidiposis gamocanasaviT rTuli, magram
problemis gadaWra yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
ZiriTadi nawilia. Tqven gamudmebiT awydebiT
problemebs, romelTa gadawyvetac gixdebaT:
rogor movaxerxoT samuSaosa da movaleobebis
Sesruleba drois gansazRvrul periodSi;
rogor mivaRwioT warmatebas gasaubrebaze;
rogor gavwyvitoT urTierToba arasasurvel
pirovnebasTan da a.S. mravali problema dakav-
Sirebulia realur codnasa da TqvenTvis saWiro
informacias Soris gansvlasTan. rodesac problemas
wyvetT, Tqven amcirebT am gansvlas saWiro
informaciis mopovebiT. problemis daZlevis
arsis ukeT gasagebad, SeecadeT gadaWraT 9.12
suraTze mocemuli problemebi. fsiqologiuri
kvlevis Sedegebis gacnoba saSualebas mogcemT,
naTeli warmodgena SeiqmnaT problemis gadawyvetis
Taviseburebebis SesaxebAda, SesaZloa,
TqvenTvis saintereso rCevebic miiRoT, romlebic
davalebis Sesrulebis gaumjobesebaSi
dagexmarebaT.
problemuri situacia
rogor gansazRvravT problemas realur
cxovrebiseul pirobebSi? Cveulebriv, Tqven
acnobierebT gansxvavebas Tqvens arsebul mdgo-
mareobasa da sasurvel mizans Soris. magaliTad,
materialur gaWirvebas ganicdiT da fulis Sovna
gsurT; TqvenTvis cnobilia, agreTve, ra SegiZliaT
(an gindaT) gaakeToT problemis dasaZlevad.
magaliTad, Tqven SeecdebiT SeTavsebiT
raime samsaxuris Sovnas da ar daiwyebT jibis
qurdobas. problemis formaluri gansazRvra
sam elements moicavs (Newell & Simon, 1972).
problema ganisazRvreba:
1. Tavdapirveli mdgomareobiT _ arasruli
informacia an aradamakmayofilebeli pirobebi;
2. mizniT _ informacia an pirobebi Tqven-
Tvis sasurveli garemos Sesaxeb;
3. operaciaTa TanmimdevrobiT _ is savaraudo
safexurebi, romlebsac gaivliT mocemuli
mdgomareobebidan sasurveli miznis misaRwevad.
am sami elementis erTobliobiT ganisazRvreba
problemuri situacia. ilustraciis mizniT
problemis gadawyveta SegviZlia SevadaroT
labirinTSi gzis povnas (problemuri situacia),
romelic sawyisi wertilidan (Tavdapirveli
mdgomareoba) sasurvel wertilamde gadaadgilebas
(mizani) gulisxmobs. am dros Tqven
gixdebaT dasaSvebi operaciebis ganxorcieleba.
problemebis gadaWrisas sawyisi siZneleebis
umravlesoba im SemTxvevaSi Cndeba, Tu am sami
elementidan romelime ar aris sakmarisad
gansazRvruli (Simon, 1973). kargad gansazRvruli
problema saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul problemas
hgavs, romelSic garkveviTaa warmodgenili
sawyisi mdgomareoba, mizani da operaciebi,
romelic miznis misaRwevadaa saWiro. Tqveni
amocanaa, mixvdeT, Tu rogor gamoiyenoT operaciebi
pasuxis misaRebad. cudad gansazRvruli
problema ki saxlis dizainis Seqmnas, romanis
daweras an Sidsis mkurnalobis meTodis aRmo-
Cenas hgavs, sadac naTlad ar aris gamoyofili
sawyisi mdgomareoba, mizani da operaciebi. aseT
SemTxvevaSi, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa problemis
arsis zusti gansazRvra _ misi sawyisi mdgo-
problemuri situacia (Problem space) _ elementebi,
romlebic qmnian problemas: sawyisi mdgomareoba
_ arasruli informacia an pirovnebisaTvis
aradamakmayofilebeli pirobebi; mizani _ informacia
an mdgomareoba, romelsac eswrafvis
adamiani; operaciebis erToblioba _ pirovnebis
mier sawyisi mdgomareobidan sasurvel miznamde
misaRwevad gavlili safexurebi.
problemis gadaWra da azrovneba
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