(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi<br />
330<br />
movlenebis mixedviT, romlebic sakuTari<br />
TvaliT ixiles da romlebic sxva wyaroebidanaa<br />
cnobili (Slobin, 1982; Slobin & Aksu, 1982). SesaZlebelia<br />
Tu ara, rom ori enis gansxvavebulma<br />
gramatikulma moTxovnebma gavlena moaxdinos<br />
azrovnebis stilze? Turquli da inglisuri<br />
enis SemTxvevaSi am kiTxvaze pasuxi ucnobia.<br />
xom ar gsurT CaataroT kvleva? es gansxvaveba<br />
gasagebs xdis azrovnebaze enis potenciuri<br />
zegavlenis sakiTxiT dainteresebas.<br />
am sakiTxis mecnieruli Seswavla edvard<br />
sepirma (Edward Sapir) da misma studentma benjamen<br />
lii uorfma (Benjamin Lee Whort) daiwyes. kroslingvisturi<br />
kvlevebis safuZvelze miRebul<br />
Sedegebze dayrdnobiT avtorebma daaskvnes, rom<br />
enaSi gansxvavebebi azrSi gansxvavebebs<br />
ganapirobebs. sepiri aRniSnavs:<br />
„Cven vxedavT da gansxvavebulad ganvicdiT<br />
movlenebs, radganac Cveni sazogadoebis<br />
enobrivi Cvevebi interpretaciis<br />
gansazRvruli arCevanisadmi gangvawyobs~<br />
(Sapir, 1941/1964, gv. 69)<br />
sepirma da uorfma es daskvna maT mier Catarebuli<br />
kvlevebis Sedegebis safuZvelze gaakeTes.<br />
uorfma Camoayaliba ori hipoTeza, romlebic<br />
sepir-uorfis hipoTezis saxeliTaa cnobili (ix.<br />
Brown, 1976).<br />
� lingvisturi fardobiToba _ enebs Soris<br />
arsebuli struqturuli gansxvavebebi aisaxeba<br />
am enebze molaparake individebis gansxvavebul<br />
aralingvistur kognitur unarebze.<br />
� lingvisturi determinizmi – enis struqtura<br />
Zlier gavlenas axdens da, SesaZloa,<br />
mTlianadac gansazRvravdes am enaze molaparake<br />
individebis mier samyaros aRqmasa da azrovnebas.<br />
am ori hipoTezidan lingvisturi determinizmi<br />
SedarebiT ufro Zlieria, radgan is<br />
amtkicebs, rom ena, faqtobrivad, gansazRvravs<br />
azrovnebas. Tanamedrove mecnierebma – fsiqologebma,<br />
lingvistebma da anTropologebma<br />
araerTgzis scades kvlevis zusti meTodebis<br />
Seqmna am hipoTezis gadasamowmeblad (Gumperz &<br />
Levinson, 1996).<br />
ganvixiloT azrovnebaze enis gavlenis erTerTi<br />
aspeqti. SesaZloa, gagikvirdeT, rom sxvadasxva<br />
enaSi ferTa dasaxelebis gansxvavebuli<br />
raodenobaa. lingvisturi analizis safuZvelze<br />
dadginda, rom inglisur enaSi ferTa 11 dasaxelebaa<br />
(Savi, TeTri, wiTeli, yviTeli, mwvane,<br />
lurji, yavisferi, mewamuli, vardisferi, stafilosferi,<br />
nacrisferi), xolo zogierT enaSi,<br />
magaliTad, papua axal gvineaze mcxovrebTa enaSi,<br />
romelsac dani ewodeba, ferTa ori dasaxeleba<br />
arsebobs _ Savi da TeTri (muqi da Ria) (Berlin &<br />
Kay, 1969). uorfi miiCnevs, rom adamiani `samyaros<br />
mSobliuri enis safuZvelze adiferencirebs~<br />
(1956 gv. 213): mkvlevrebi varaudoben, rom ferTa<br />
dasaxelebis raodenoba (2 an 11), SesaZloa,<br />
gavlenas axdendes sxvadasxva enaze mosaubre<br />
adamianebis mier ferebis klasifikaciis unarebze.<br />
Semdgomi kvlevebis Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze<br />
dadginda, rom sxvadaxsva enaze molaparake<br />
adamianebi erTnairad asruleben ferebis klasifikaciis<br />
davalebebs. es monacemebi eWvqveS<br />
ayeneben mtkicebas lingvisturi determinizmis<br />
Sesaxeb, Tumca, mkvlevrebi mainc iziareben azrs<br />
SedarebiT susti gavlenis Sesaxeb – metyvelebaSi<br />
gansxavebebs kognituri gansxvavebebi<br />
sdevs Tan.<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
metyveleba gavlenas axdens ferebis<br />
klasifikaciaze<br />
mkvlevrebma cdis pirebs sTxoves, SeemowmebinaT<br />
sami feris wiri. ferebi aRebuli<br />
iyo lurjidan mwvanemde speqtrul<br />
diapazonSi. cdis pirebs evalebodaT, ganesazRvraT,<br />
sami elferidan yvelaze metad<br />
romeli gansxvavdeboda danarCeni orisagan.<br />
cdis pirTa erTi jgufi warmodgenili<br />
iyo inglisurenovani individebiT (inglisur<br />
enaSi arsebobs mwvanisa da lurjis<br />
leqsikurad gansxvavebuli erTeulebi),<br />
xolo meore – CrdiloeT meqsikaSi mcxovrebi<br />
individebiT, romlebic tarahumaras<br />
enaze laparakoben. am enaSi lurjisa da<br />
mwvane elferis aRsaniSnad arsebobs<br />
mxolod erTi sityva – Siyoname. mkvlevrebi<br />
varaudobdnen, rom, Tu sepir-uorfis<br />
hipoTeza marTalia, maSin inglisurenovani<br />
individebi SeZlebdnen lurjisa da mwva-
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