(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi<br />
328<br />
fsiqologia Cvens cxovrebaSi<br />
Tqven, ra Tqma unda, ginaxavT<br />
filmi, an satelevizio<br />
Sou, sadac cxovelebi Cveulebriv<br />
saubroben adamianeb-<br />
Tan. gaxsovT mister edi _<br />
molaparake cxeni? SesaZlebelia<br />
es realur cxovrebaSi?<br />
am sakiTxis kvleva gasuli<br />
saukunis 20-iani wlebidan<br />
daiwyo; fsiqologebma scades<br />
SimpanzeebisaTvis eswavlebinaT<br />
laparaki. radganac Simpanzeebs<br />
ar gaaCniaT laparakisaTvis<br />
Sesaferisi sametyvelo<br />
aparati, mkvlevrebi iZulebulni<br />
gaxdnen, komunikaciis<br />
damyarebis sxva meTodebi<br />
moeZebnaT. magaliTad,<br />
Simpanzes, saxelad vaSos, aswavles<br />
amerikuli niSnebis<br />
enis gamartivebuli varianti<br />
(Gardner & Gardner, 1969); Simpanzes,<br />
saxelad saras ki daaswavles<br />
simboloebiT manipulacia<br />
(simboloebi aRniSnavdnen<br />
iseT cnebebs, rogoricaa,<br />
magaliTad, vaSli, mi-<br />
larulad (Gerrig, 1993; Graesser et al., 1994; McKoon &<br />
Ratcliff, 1992). aRmoCnda, rom nebismieri gamonaTqvamis<br />
SemTxvevaSi potenciuri daskvnebis<br />
raodenoba SeuzRudavia. magaliTad, vinaidan<br />
Tqven iciT, rom Tea aris adamiani, Tqven SegiZliaT<br />
gaifiqroT, rom mas aqvs guli, RviZli,<br />
filtvebi da a.S. magram Tqven, albaT, es TavSi<br />
azrad ar mogivaT maSin, rodesac vinme geubnebaT:<br />
`me sakonditroSi mivdivar TeasTan Sesaxvedrad~.<br />
kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, rom msmenelebi<br />
sakmao sifrTxiliT ekidebian daskvnebis gake-<br />
Tebas. ganvixiloT Semdegi winadadeba: `arqiteqtorma<br />
daWra kaci~.<br />
rodesac cdis pirebs ekiTxebodnen, ra iaraRi<br />
igulisxmeboda am winadadebaSi, umravlesobam<br />
SeuZliaT Tu ara cxovelebs enis Seswavla<br />
cema) (Premark, 1971). am eqsperimentebis<br />
Sedegebma azrTa sxvadasxvaoba<br />
warmoSva (Seidenberg &<br />
Pebitto, 1979). kritikosebi dainteresdnen<br />
Semdegi sakiTxebiT:<br />
Simpanzeebis mier simboloebis<br />
an Jestebis SemTxveviTi kombinaciebis<br />
(magaliTad, vaSo bodiSi,<br />
Sen meti daleva) gamoyeneba<br />
aris Tu ara metyvelebis<br />
azriani gamoyeneba. aseve, mniSvnelobaTa<br />
umetesoba, rac miewereba<br />
maimunis gamonaTqvams,<br />
xom ar Cndeba adamianis da<br />
ara maimunis TavSi.<br />
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
siu sevij-rumbaum (Sue<br />
Savage-Rumbaugh, 1998) da misma<br />
kolegebma Caatares kvleva,<br />
romlis Sedegadac gamoikveTa<br />
aRniSna, rom es iyo dana. Tumca, kvlevis<br />
Sedegebis mixedviT dadginda, rom am da msgavsi<br />
tipis winadadebebis kiTxvis bunebriv pirobebSi<br />
adamianebs TavSi ar mosdiT cneba `dana~ (Dosher<br />
& Corbett, 1982). kvlevis aseTi Sedegebi adasturebs,<br />
rom sakmaod sando daskvnebis gakeTebac ki ar<br />
xdeba avtomaturad, magaliTad, viRaca daWres<br />
daniT. daskvnebis umetesoba, romlebsac Tqven<br />
akeTebT, daaxloebiT iseTivea, rogorc wina<br />
winadadebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic gulisxmobs<br />
mimarTebis damyarebas `Teasa~ da nacvalsaxel<br />
`igi~-s Soris da `sakonditrosa~ da `namcxvars~<br />
Soris. aseTi daskvnebi saSualebas gaZlevT,<br />
gamoiyenoT im informaciis reprezentacia,<br />
romelsac mosaubre gadmogcemT.
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