(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi 326 cxrili 9.5 orazrovani gamonaTqvamis pirdapiri da sarkastuli interpretacia pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT naxmari gamonaTqvami marta dis saxlSi mivida stumrad. gareT yinavda da marta Zalian bednieri iyo, rom saxlamde miaRwia. man uTxra das: „Seni saxli Zalian myudroa, ra mSvenieria aq da rogor Tbila~. sarkastuli moTxovna tonis amxanagi, romelTanac cxovrobs igi, yovelTvis Rias tovebs misaRebi oTxis fanjaras, maSinac ki, rodesac gareT yinavs. tonis mravaljeradi Txovna – daeketa fanjara – uSedego iyo; erTxel fanjara Ria iyo, tonis ar sjeroda, rom mis amxanags ar scioda da uTxra amxanags: „ra mSvenieria aq da rogor Tbila~. orazrovania: `kata xaliCazea~. am SemTxvevaSi orazrovneba ganpirobebulia Tavad SinaarsiT da ara calkeuli sityvebiT an winadadebis struqturiT. mkvlevrebma aRmoaCines, rom konteqstis mixedviT gadawyobis kanoni am Sem- TxvevaSic moqmedebs (Gibbs, 1994). SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom metyvelebis procesSi adamiani orazrovnebis dasaZlevad efeqturad iyenebs konteqsts. am dros sruli SeTanxmebulobaa naTqvamsa da msmenelis mier gagebul azrs Soris. metyvelebis procesis ganxilvisas Cven gamovyaviT e.w. „msmenelis gaTvaliswineba~ _ procesebi, romelTa saSualebiTac mosaubre mimdinare situaciis Sesatyvis gamonaTqvams irCevs. impresiuli metyvelebis analizis safuZvelze dadginda, rom msmenels aqvs molodini, rom mosaubre sworad metyvelebs. amrigad, msmenelisaTvis mizanSewonilia, naTqvami fraza gaiazros konteqstidan gamomdinare. saidan viciT konteqsti gvexmareba arapirdapiri mniSvnelobis gagebaSi ganvixiloT gamonaTqvami: „aq mSvenieria da Tbila~. ras niSnavs es? rogorc 9.5 cxrilidan Cans, SesaZlebelia, am tipis martiv gamonaTqvamebs sxvadasxva istoriis SeTxzviT sxvadasxva azri mivaniWoT. Cven vnaxeT, rom sityvasityviT versia axlo kavSirSia sityvebis pirdapir mniSvnelobasTan. igive gamonaTqvamis arapirdapiri versia mas sarkastul mniSvnelobas aniWebs. axla gamoviyenoT zemoT aRniSnuli modelebi leqsikuri orazrovnebis ilustraciis mizniT. Tu mkiTxveli informacias sityvasityviT amuSavebs konstanturi rigis (Tanmimdevrobis) mixedviT, maSin mosalodnelia, rom Tavdapirvelad igi Seecdeba gamonaTqvamis pirdapiri mniSvnelobis gagebas. Tu es gza warumatebeli aRmoCndeba, mkiTxveli gamonaTqvamis sxva mniSvnelobas ganixilavs (Crice 1975; 1978; Searle, 1979a). am modelis mixedviT, moTxovnis da sarkastuli gamonaTqvamis gagebas ufro meti dro sWirdeba, vidre pirdapiri gamonaTqvamis. mkiTxvelisTvis ki ufro advilia sarkastuli gamonaTqvamis gageba, vidre pirdapiris. kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, rom mkiTxvelebi ufro swrafad igeben sarkastul moTxovnas, vidre igive gamonaTqvamis pirdapir mniSvnelobas (Gibbs, 1986). ra gvesmis orazrovnebis daZlevis Sesaxeb saubrisas aqcenti gavakeTeT imaze, Tu ras vigebT. axla yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT naTqvamis gagebaze, Sesabamisad, kiTxvas ase davsvamT: rodis Cndeba mexsierebaSi reprezentaciebi _ frazis Tu mTliani teqstis gagebis dros? magaliTad, ra inaxeba mexsierebaSi, rodesac Tqven gaigebT ukve nacnob frazas: `kata xaliCazea~. kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, rom mniSvnelobis mqone reprezentaciebi warmodgenilia bazisuri erTeulebiT, romlebsac propoziciebs uwodeben (Clark & Clark, 1877; Kintsh, 1974). propozicia gamonaTqvamis ZiriTadi azria. winadadebis _ `kata xaliCazea~ _ ZiriTadi azri isaa, rom raRac wevs raRacaze. am frazis wakiTxvisas Tqven gamoyofT propozicias ze da cdilobT, gaigoT katasa da xaliCas Soris arsebuli mimarTeba, romelic gamoxatulia am propoziciiT. propoziciebis Cawera xSirad ase xdeba: ze (kata, xaliCa). mravali gamonaTqvami erTze met propozicias Seicavs. ganvixiloT Semdegi
winadadeba: `kata uyurebda Tagvs, romelic SeZvra taxtis qveS~. aq pirveli Semadgeneli propoziciaa qveS (Tagvi, taxti). aqedan vawyobT: SeZvra [(Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi, taxti)]; sabolood ki miviRebT: uyurebda [kata, SeZvra (Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi, taxti))]. qveS (Tagvi, taxti) SeZvra [Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi, taxti)] uyurebda [kata, SeZvra (Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi, taxti))] rogor SegviZlia SevamowmoT, rom mniSvnelobis fsiqikuri propoziciebi marTlac ase muSaobs? metyvelebis fsiqologiis sferoSi Catarebuli zogierTi kvleva miznad isaxavda, eCvenebina propoziciuli reprezentaciebis roli metyvelebis gagebaSi (Kintsch, 1974). rogorc kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, Tu frazaSi ori sityva ekuTvnis erTsa da imave propozicias, mexsierebaSi maTi warmodgena xdeba erTdroulad, maSinac ki, rodesac isini erTad ar dganan winadadebaSi. saidan viciT propoziciebi qmnian mexsierebis struqturas ganvixiloT winadadeba: „mavzoleumi, sadac mefe ganisvenebda, moedans gadahyurebda~. miuxedavad imisa, rom am winadadebaSi mavzoleumi da moedani erTmane- Tisgan daSorebulia, propoziciuli analizi gvafiqrebinebs, rom isini mexsierebaSi erTad unda Seikribos propoziciaSi gadahyurebda (mavzoleumi, moedani). am analizis Sesamowmeblad mkvlevrebma cdis pirebs warudgines sityvebis CamonaTvali da sTxoves, ganesazRvraT, iyo Tu ara TiToeuli sityva winadadebaSi. zogierT cdis pirs CamonaTvalSi mavzoleumi uSualod moednis Semdeg miewoda, zogs ki _ sxva propoziciidan amoRebuli sityvis Semdeg. pasuxi _ „diax, iyo mavzoleumi~ gacilebiT swrafad modioda im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac CamonaTvalSi mavzoleumi uSualod moednis Semdeg iyo mocemuli, vidre maSin, rodesac mas sxva propoziciidan amoRebuli sityva uZRoda win. es Sedegi cxadyofs, rom cnebebi _ „mavzoleumi~ da „moedani~ erTad iyo warmodgenili mexsierebaSi (Ratclif &McKoon, 1978). rodisme SegimCneviaT, rom Zalian Znelia vinmes naTqvamis zustad damaxsovreba? SesaZloa, gicdiaT zustad (sityvasityviT) dagemaxsovrebinaT raime fraza filmidan da saxlSi dabrunebuls aRmogiCeniaT, rom aqedan mxolod zogadi azri gaxsovT. es magaliTi miuTiTebs, Tu ratom ar aris srulyofili sityvasityviT damaxsovreba. imitom, rom erT-erTi ZiriTadi operacia, romelsac Tqveni metyveleba axorcielebs, propoziciebis gamoyofas gulixmobs, xolo propoziciebis zusti Tanmimdevroba swrafad ikargeba Cvens mexsierebaSi (magaliTad, „kata misdevs Tagvs~ _ „Tagvi gaurbis katas~). mexsierebaSi Senaxuli yvela propozicia ar aRmocendeba zustad miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze. msmenelebi xarvezebis Sevsebas daskvniT axerxeben, logikuri daSvevebis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia mexsierebaSi arsebuli informaciis safuZvelze. ganvixiloT ori winadadeba: me sakonditroSi mivdivar TeasTan Sesaxvedrad. igi Sempirda, rom miyidis namcxvars. imisaTvis, rom es winadadeba gaigoT, saWiroa, sul cota, ori daskvnis gakeTeba. Tqven unda gaarkvioT, vin aris `igi~ meore winadadebaSi da rogor aris maRaziaSi wasvla dakavSirebuli dapirebasTan, rom giyidian namcxvars. megobari, vinc es winadadeba giTxraT, vTqvaT, darwmunebulia, rom Tqven SegiZliaT am ori momentis gaTvaliswineba. Tqven arasodes getyvian: _ `me mivdivar sakonditroSi TeasTan Sesaxvedrad; igi _ Teas vgulisxmob _ Sempirda, rom miyidis namcxvars da sakonditro aris maRazia, sadac gemrieli namcxvrebi iyideba~. mosaubre yovel- Tvis Tvlis, rom msmeneli TavisTavad, varaudiT akeTebs daskvnebs miRebuli informaciidan. uamravi gamokvleva mieZRvna imis garkvevas, Tu ra saxis daskvnebs akeTeben msmenelebi regu- daskvna (Inference) _ xarveziani informaciis Sevseba arsebuli mtkicebulebebis an rwmenis da Teoriis safuZvelze. metyveleba 327
- Page 67 and 68: 7 1 V F X L 5 3 B 4 W 7 cdis pirebs
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- Page 129 and 130: Tumca, Cveni yoveldRiuri problemebi
- Page 131 and 132: da mizani, vidre cudad gansazRvruli
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- Page 135 and 136: suraTi 9.15 abstraqtuli da sagnobri
- Page 137 and 138: om moswavleebs analogiis mosaZebnad
- Page 139 and 140: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi Tu odesme
- Page 141 and 142: daskvna. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRqm
- Page 143 and 144: warmatebul ierusalimel iurists, kol
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- Page 159 and 160: qulebi gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli Sf
- Page 161 and 162: × (Robert Yerkis), gamoexmaurnen o
- Page 163 and 164: cxrili 10.1 lebis xuTi subtesti moi
- Page 165 and 166: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi inteleqtis
- Page 167 and 168: leqsikuri testi adgens semantikuri
winadadeba: `kata uyurebda Tagvs, romelic SeZvra<br />
taxtis qveS~. aq pirveli Semadgeneli propoziciaa<br />
qveS (Tagvi, taxti). aqedan vawyobT:<br />
SeZvra [(Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi, taxti)]; sabolood<br />
ki miviRebT: uyurebda [kata, SeZvra (Tagvi, qveS<br />
(Tagvi, taxti))].<br />
qveS (Tagvi, taxti)<br />
SeZvra [Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi, taxti)]<br />
uyurebda [kata, SeZvra (Tagvi, qveS (Tagvi,<br />
taxti))]<br />
rogor SegviZlia SevamowmoT, rom mniSvnelobis<br />
fsiqikuri propoziciebi marTlac ase<br />
muSaobs? metyvelebis fsiqologiis sferoSi<br />
Catarebuli zogierTi kvleva miznad isaxavda,<br />
eCvenebina propoziciuli reprezentaciebis<br />
roli metyvelebis gagebaSi (Kintsch, 1974). rogorc<br />
kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, Tu frazaSi<br />
ori sityva ekuTvnis erTsa da imave propozicias,<br />
mexsierebaSi maTi warmodgena xdeba erTdroulad,<br />
maSinac ki, rodesac isini erTad ar dganan<br />
winadadebaSi.<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
propoziciebi qmnian mexsierebis<br />
struqturas<br />
ganvixiloT winadadeba: „mavzoleumi,<br />
sadac mefe ganisvenebda, moedans gadahyurebda~.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom am winadadebaSi<br />
mavzoleumi da moedani erTmane-<br />
Tisgan daSorebulia, propoziciuli analizi<br />
gvafiqrebinebs, rom isini mexsierebaSi<br />
erTad unda Seikribos propoziciaSi<br />
gadahyurebda (mavzoleumi, moedani).<br />
am analizis Sesamowmeblad mkvlevrebma<br />
cdis pirebs warudgines sityvebis CamonaTvali<br />
da sTxoves, ganesazRvraT, iyo Tu<br />
ara TiToeuli sityva winadadebaSi.<br />
zogierT cdis pirs CamonaTvalSi mavzoleumi<br />
uSualod moednis Semdeg miewoda,<br />
zogs ki _ sxva propoziciidan amoRebuli<br />
sityvis Semdeg. pasuxi _ „diax, iyo<br />
mavzoleumi~ gacilebiT swrafad modioda<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac CamonaTvalSi<br />
mavzoleumi uSualod moednis Semdeg iyo<br />
mocemuli, vidre maSin, rodesac mas sxva<br />
propoziciidan amoRebuli sityva uZRoda<br />
win. es Sedegi cxadyofs, rom cnebebi _<br />
„mavzoleumi~ da „moedani~ erTad iyo<br />
warmodgenili mexsierebaSi (Ratclif &McKoon,<br />
1978).<br />
rodisme SegimCneviaT, rom Zalian Znelia<br />
vinmes naTqvamis zustad damaxsovreba? SesaZloa,<br />
gicdiaT zustad (sityvasityviT) dagemaxsovrebinaT<br />
raime fraza filmidan da saxlSi dabrunebuls<br />
aRmogiCeniaT, rom aqedan mxolod<br />
zogadi azri gaxsovT. es magaliTi miuTiTebs,<br />
Tu ratom ar aris srulyofili sityvasityviT<br />
damaxsovreba. imitom, rom erT-erTi ZiriTadi<br />
operacia, romelsac Tqveni metyveleba axorcielebs,<br />
propoziciebis gamoyofas gulixmobs,<br />
xolo propoziciebis zusti Tanmimdevroba<br />
swrafad ikargeba Cvens mexsierebaSi (magaliTad,<br />
„kata misdevs Tagvs~ _ „Tagvi gaurbis katas~).<br />
mexsierebaSi Senaxuli yvela propozicia ar<br />
aRmocendeba zustad miRebuli informaciis<br />
safuZvelze. msmenelebi xarvezebis Sevsebas<br />
daskvniT axerxeben, logikuri daSvevebis gakeTeba<br />
SesaZlebelia mexsierebaSi arsebuli informaciis<br />
safuZvelze. ganvixiloT ori winadadeba:<br />
me sakonditroSi mivdivar TeasTan Sesaxvedrad.<br />
igi Sempirda, rom miyidis namcxvars.<br />
imisaTvis, rom es winadadeba gaigoT, saWiroa,<br />
sul cota, ori daskvnis gakeTeba. Tqven unda<br />
gaarkvioT, vin aris `igi~ meore winadadebaSi<br />
da rogor aris maRaziaSi wasvla dakavSirebuli<br />
dapirebasTan, rom giyidian namcxvars. megobari,<br />
vinc es winadadeba giTxraT, vTqvaT, darwmunebulia,<br />
rom Tqven SegiZliaT am ori momentis<br />
gaTvaliswineba. Tqven arasodes getyvian: _ `me<br />
mivdivar sakonditroSi TeasTan Sesaxvedrad;<br />
igi _ Teas vgulisxmob _ Sempirda, rom miyidis<br />
namcxvars da sakonditro aris maRazia, sadac<br />
gemrieli namcxvrebi iyideba~. mosaubre yovel-<br />
Tvis Tvlis, rom msmeneli TavisTavad, varaudiT<br />
akeTebs daskvnebs miRebuli informaciidan.<br />
uamravi gamokvleva mieZRvna imis garkvevas,<br />
Tu ra saxis daskvnebs akeTeben msmenelebi regu-<br />
daskvna (Inference) _ xarveziani informaciis<br />
Sevseba arsebuli mtkicebulebebis an rwmenis<br />
da Teoriis safuZvelze.<br />
metyveleba<br />
327
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