(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 9 / kognituri procesebi
322
TavSi azrad ar mogivaT vinmes uTxraT, rom
`kata xaliCazea~, Tu man ar icis, rom kata
xaliCaze mxolod maSin wveba, rodesac gareT
gasvla surs. msmenelis gaTvaliswinebis wesi,
romelic TanamSromlobis princips emyareba,
pirvelad filosofosma h. pol graisma (H. Paul
Grice) Semoitana. graisi TanamSromlobis princips
ganixilavs, rogorc mosaubris instruqcias,
gamonaTqvami aagos mimdinare saubris pirobebisa
da mniSvnelobis mixedviT.
am instruqciis arsis gasagebad graisma Camoayaliba
oTxi aqsioma, romelsac gulisxmieri
da yuradRebiani mosaubreebi iyeneben. 9.3. cxril-
Si warmodgenilia TiToeuli aqsioma da SeTxzuli
dialogi, sadac naCvenebia metyvelebis
dros aRwerili aqsiomebis gavlena pasuxebis
SerCevaze. rogorc 9.3 cxrilidan Cans, karg
mosaubres unda SeeZlos, gaTvalos, Tu ra
SeiZleba icodes da gaigos misma msmenelma.
amgvarad, Tqven ar etyviT Tqvens megobars: „dRes
aleqsisTan erTad vsadilob~, Tu darwmunebuli
ara xarT, rom man icis, vin aris aleqsi. garda
amisa, TqvenTvis da Tqveni megobrisTvis nacnob
yvela aleqss Soris mxolod erTs axsenebT am
konteqstSi (sadilad sxvasTan erTad ar
waxvalT); anu „saerTo codnaSi~ arsebobs vinme
aleqsi, romelic cnobilia rogorc TqvenTvis,
ise _ Tqveni megobrisaTvis. herbert klarks da
qeTrin marSals (Herbert Klark, Kethrine Marshal, 1981)
miaCniaT, rom „saerTo codna~ informaciis sam
wyaros eyrdnoba:
jgufis wevroba – sxvadasxva sididis jgufis
wevrebi Semoklebul msjelobebs iyeneben,
roca azri eyrdnoba jgufis wevrebis saerTo
gamocdilebas da gasagebia misi wevrebisTvis;
lingvisturi Tanaarseboba – saubrisas
adamianebi ukve ganxilul informacias (wina
saubrebis dros) miiCneven „saerTo codnis~
nawilad;
fizikuri Tanaarseboba – roca mosaubre
da msmeneli fizikurad erT situaciaSi imyofebian
da Sexeba aqvT erTsa da imave obieqtebTan.
es gulisxmobs rogorc saubris garemos (sivrces,
romelSic saubari mimdinareobs), ise _ maT
garSemomyof adamianebs.
amrigad, rodesac Tqven axsenebT aleqsis:
„me dRes aleqsisTan erTad vsadilob~, SesaZloa,
gasagebi iyos imitom, rom Tqven da Tqveni
megobari mcire jgufis wevrebi xarT, romelsac
aleqsic miekuTvneba (jgufis wevroba), an,
SesaZloa imitom, rom adre Tqven ukve aRniSneT
aleqsis arseboba (lingvisturi Tanaarseboba),
an, sulac, imitom, rom aleqsi iqve dgas oTaxSi
(fizikuri Tanaarseboba).
saidan
viciT
eqspresiul metyvelebaze gavlenas axdens
jgufis wevroba
eqsperimentulLpirobebSi mkvlevrebi
studentebs sTxovdnen, SeesrulebinaT
Sedarebis davaleba ise, rom winaswar arafers
eubnebodnen. eqsperimentators win
ewyo gansazRvruli TanmimdevrobiT 16 Ria
baraTi (4X4) niu-iorkis xedebiT da mas
ise unda aRewera suraTebi, rom cdis pirebs
swori TanmimdevrobiT daelagebinaT isini.
eqsperimentatori da cdis piri erTmaneTs
ver xedavdnen, Tumca, maT hqondaT saubris
SesaZlebloba. eqsperimentators swrafad
SeeZlo ganesazRvra, icnobda Tu ara c.p.
niu-iorks. rodesac isini niu-iorkis mcxovreblebs
esaubrebodnen baraTebis aRsawerad,
isini ufro metad iyenebdnen saku-
Tar saxelebs: „es aris sitikorpis Senoba~,
vidre zogad maxasiaTeblebs: „es aris
maRali Senoba samkuTxa saxuraviT~ (Clark,
1987).
ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT jgufis
wevroba. warmoidgineT, rom vinmes pirvelad
xvdebiT. Tu Tqven gsurT, rom yuradRebiani da
gulisxmieri mosaubre iyoT, pirvel rigSi unda
gaarkvioT ra sazogadoebas (jgufs) ekuTvnis
igi. amgvarad, mosaubre laparakis dros iTvaliswinebs
Tavis molodins msmenelis Sesaxeb (Tu
ra iqneba misTvis gasagebi). adamianebs SeuZliaT
TiTqmis zustad gansazRvron, ra SeiZleba
icodnen sakuTari jgufis wevrebma, Tumca,
tendencia aqvT dauSvan, rom sxvebisTvisac
cnobilia is, rac TviTon ician (Fussel & Kraus,
1992). msmenelis codnis zusti gansazRvra SesaZlebels
xdis eqspresiuli metyvelebis adekvatur
regulacias.Y