(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Sekavebis an Semcirebis saSualebiT. depresantebis<br />
moqmedebis efeqti, nawilobriv, miiRweva<br />
sinafsebSi nervuli komunikaciisTvis xelis<br />
SewyobiT, sadac gamoiyeneba GABA neirotrasmiteri<br />
(Dehaney & Sah, 1999; Malizia & Nutt, 1995). GABA<br />
xSirad nervuli gadacemebis Semakaveblis funqcias<br />
asrulebs, riTac aixsneba depresantebis<br />
Semakavebeli efeqtebi. barbituratebi Zalze<br />
saxifaTo SeiZleba iyos. 15-wlian kvlevaSi<br />
gamovlinda, rom narkotikebis dozis gadametebis<br />
SemTxvevaTa daaxloebiT naxevari barbituratebze<br />
modioda (Howard, 1984). yvelaze xSirad<br />
daniSvnadi depresantebi, rogoricaa valiumi<br />
da qsanaqsi, mniSvnelovanwilad xasiaTdeba<br />
miCvevis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobiT (Miller, 1999).<br />
alkoholi iyo erT-erTi pirveli fsiqoaqtiuri<br />
nivTiereba, romelic farTod gamoiyeneboda<br />
uxsovari droidan. misi gavlenis qveS<br />
myofi adamianebi sulelebi, xmaurianebi, megobrulebi<br />
da enawylianebi xdebian; zogierTi<br />
maTgani agresiuli da moZalade xdeba, zogi ki<br />
iTrguneba da depresiul gancdebSi iZireba.<br />
mkvlevrebma dRemde ar ician, Tu konkretulad<br />
rogor moqmedebs alkoholi tvinze, Tumca, sxva<br />
depresantebis msgavsad, rogorc Cans, isic<br />
zemoqmedebs GABA-s aqtivobaze (De Witte, 1996).<br />
mcire dozis SemTxvevaSi alkoholma SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios relaqsacia da mozrdilTa reaqciebis<br />
siswrafis mcired gaumjobeseba, Tumca,<br />
organizms mxolod mcire odenobis alkoholTan<br />
SeuZlia gamklaveba. didi raodenobiT alkoholi<br />
xanmokle periodSi iwvevs centraluri nervuli<br />
sistemis gadatvirTvas. avtosagzao da ubeduri<br />
SemTxvevebi 6-jer ufro xSiria adamianebTan,<br />
romelTa sisxlSic 0,10% alkoholis Semcvelobaa,<br />
vidre maTTan, visTanac es maCvenebeli<br />
2-jer naklebia. alkoholuri intoqsikaciis<br />
meore Sedegi, romelsac wvlili Seaqvs ubedur<br />
SemTxvevebSi, Tvalis gugebis gafarToebaa, rasac<br />
Tan sdevs RamiT xedvis problemebi. rodesac<br />
sisxlSi alkoholis Semcveloba 0,15% aRwevs,<br />
adgili aqvs momatebul negatiur zemoqmedebas<br />
azrovnebaze, mexsierebasa da gansjis unarze,<br />
rasac Tan axlavs emociuri arastabiluroba<br />
da motoruli koordinaciis rRveva.<br />
alkoholis moxmareba umTavresi socialuri<br />
problemaa aSS-Si. alkoholTan dakavSirebuli<br />
avtokatastrofebi 15-25 wlis adamianTa sikvdilianobis<br />
wamyvani mizezia. rodesac smis<br />
raodenoba da sixSire zemoqmedebs samsaxurze,<br />
auaresebs socialur da ojaxur urTierTobebs<br />
da seriozul problemebs uqmnis janmrTelobas.<br />
aseTi viTarebis Sesatyvisi diagnozia alkoholizmi.<br />
fizikuri damokidebuloba, tolerantoba<br />
da miCveva _ es yvelaferi xangrZlivi<br />
intensiuri smis fonze viTardeba. zogierTi<br />
individisTvis alkoholizmi smaze uaris Tqmis<br />
unaris arqonasTan asocirdeba; zogierTisTvis<br />
ki, alkoholizmi gamoixateba ramodenime Wiqis<br />
Semdeg smis SeCerebis unaris arqonaSi. 1998<br />
wels Catarebuli gamokiTxvis monacemebis<br />
Tanaxmad, 18-25 wlis respodentTa 13,8%-s aReniSneboda<br />
intensiuri sma, anu isini svamdnen 5<br />
da met Wiqas erT jerze/dalevaze yovel xuT<br />
an met dReSi erTxel erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi<br />
(SAMHSA, 1999), Tumca, yvela asakis respodentTa<br />
saSualo maCvenebeli mamakacebTan (9,7%) gacilebiT<br />
maRali iyo, vidre qalebTan (2,4%).<br />
stimulatorebs, rogoricaa amfetamini da<br />
kokaini, aRgznebisa da eiforiis mdgomareobis<br />
gamowvevis mizniT iReben. stimulatorebi<br />
moqmedeben tvinSi iseTi neirotrasmiterebis<br />
donis momatebiT, rogoricaa norepinefrini,<br />
serotonini da dopamini. magaliTad, stimula-<br />
cnobierebebis Secvlili mdgomareobebi<br />
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