(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 8 / mexsiereba<br />
308<br />
axla ganvixiloT mexsierebis sxva dayofa,<br />
romelic SeiZleba gansxvavebul anatomiur<br />
struqturas davukavSiroT. gamokvlevebis Sedegad<br />
aRmoCnda, rom hipokampis dazianebis dros<br />
eqsplicituri mexsiereba irRveva da ara _<br />
implicituri (Squire, 1992).<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
amneziis dros implicituri mexsiereba<br />
daculia<br />
gamokvlevaTaHerT seriaSi monawileobdnen<br />
cdis pirebi, romelTac korsakovis<br />
sindromis (qronikuli alkoholizmi)<br />
Sedegad dazianebuli hqondaT hipokampi.<br />
rogorc amneziis mqone pacientebis, ise<br />
janmrTelebis jgufs awvdidnen sityvaTa<br />
mwkrivs da sTxovdnen, SeefasebinaT emociuri<br />
TavalsazrisiT, romeli sityva moswondaT<br />
da romeli – ara. maTi mexsierebis<br />
Sesamowmeblad iyenebdnen or tests.<br />
erT SemTxvevaSi cdis pirebs eZleodaT<br />
sityvis dasawyisi marcvali, romelic<br />
unda SeevsoT TavSi mosuli pirvelive<br />
sityviT (Sevsebis testi), meore testSi<br />
ki marcvali mimniSneblis rols TamaSobda,<br />
radgan cdis pirs masze dayrdnobiT<br />
unda moegonebina Sesabamisi sityva wakiTxuli<br />
mwkrividan (mimniSnebliT mogonebis<br />
testi). mimniSnebel testSi amneziis<br />
mqone pacientebi naklebs igonebdnen, vidre<br />
janmrTelebi, magram sityvis Sevsebis<br />
testSi pacientebis da janmrTelebis<br />
mexsierebis moculoba Tanabari iyo (Graf<br />
et al., 1984).<br />
es Sedegi imaze miuTiTebs, rom korsakovis<br />
sindromiT gamowveuli tvinis dazianeba gavlenas<br />
axdens eqsplicitur mexsierebaze, xolo<br />
implicitur mexsierebas ucvlelad tovebs.<br />
mecnierebma daadgines, rom es gavlena SeiZleba<br />
sakmaod xangrZlivi iyos (Cave & Squire, 1992).<br />
gamokvlevebiT implicituri mexsiereba 7 dRis<br />
Semdeg gamovlinda. hipokampis mniSvnelovani<br />
dazianebis SemTxvevaSic implicituri mexsiereba<br />
ar irRveva.<br />
is faqtebi, rom tvinis dazianebis zogierTi<br />
forma azianebs eqsplicitur da ara implicitur<br />
mexsierebas, SesaZleblobas aZlevs fsiqologebs,<br />
amtkicon, rom mexsierebis es ori forma gansxvavebul<br />
kanonzomierebebs avlens kodirebisa<br />
da aRdgenis procesebSi. ganvixiloT, magaliTad,<br />
is gzebi, riTac adamianebi amyareben asociaciebs<br />
iseT winadadebasTan, rogoricaa _ „medicina<br />
arCens enabluobas~. Cven ukve viciT zemoT<br />
moyvanili gamokvlevidan, rom amneziis mqone<br />
individebi iZenen codnas eqsplicituri cnobierebis<br />
gareSe, magram ramdenad SeuZliaT codnis<br />
SeZena sityvebs Soris asociaciuri kavSirebis<br />
Sesaxeb? erTi pasuxi, romelic im individis<br />
monacemebs ukavSirdeba (Rajaram, Coslett, 2000),<br />
romlis inicialebicaa C.V. da romlis amneziac<br />
gamowveulia Sublis wilis nawilis, kerZod,<br />
medialuri temporaluri lobis dazianebiT,<br />
aris – „ara~. miuxedavad imisa, rom C.V. perceptul<br />
implicitur mexsierebas avlenda, mas ar<br />
hqonda konceptualuri implicituri mexsiereba.<br />
es Sedegi miuTiTebs imaze, rom eqsplicituri<br />
mexsierebis gareSe garkveuli tipis asociaciebis<br />
SeZena SeuZlebelia. am tipis gamokvlevebi<br />
SesaZleblobas aZleven mecnierebs, ukeT<br />
Cawvdnen mexsierebis biologiur safuZvlebs<br />
da mexsierebis procesebis organizacias.<br />
tvinis suraTi (skanireba)<br />
fsiqologebma didi codna daagroves<br />
anatomiasa da mexsierebas Soris kavSiris Sesaxeb<br />
amneziis mqone individebze dakvirvebis gziT,<br />
magram tvinis gadaRebis teqnikam SesaZlebeli<br />
gaxada janmrTeli cdis pirebis mexsierebis<br />
procesebis Seswavla (Niberg, Cabeza, 2000) (SegiZliaT<br />
gadaxedoT me-3 Tavs, sadac saubaria<br />
gadaRebis teqnikis Sesaxeb). magaliTad, PETskanis<br />
saSualebiT endel tulvingma da misma<br />
kolegebma (Nyberg et al., 1996; Tulving et al., 1994)<br />
daadgines, rom epizoduri informaciis kodirebisa<br />
da aRdgenis dros tvinis ori naxevarsfero<br />
gansxvavebuli aqtivobiT xasiaTdeba. es<br />
gamokvlevebi iseTivea, rogorc mexsierebis standartuli<br />
gamokvlevebi, im gansxvavebiT, rom<br />
kodirebisa da aRdgenis procesSi cdis pirTa<br />
sisxlis mimoqcevis skanireba xdeba PET-iT. am<br />
gamokvlevebSi gamovlinda tvinis Zlieri<br />
aqtivoba marcxena prefrontalur korteqsSi
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