019 Genderi da Politika
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Tema V<br />
qalTa politikuri warmomadgenlobis gazrdis strategiebi<br />
politikaSi qalTa warmomadgenlobis warmatebuli gazr<strong>da</strong><br />
(norvegiis magaliTi)<br />
wyaro: Jill M. Bystydzienski, Women in Politics in Norway/Women and Politics,<br />
Vol. 8, Haworth Press, Inc. 1988.<br />
1969 wels norvegiis parlamentSi qalebi mxolod 9%-iT iyvnen warmodgenili.<br />
1970 wels adgilobriv TviTmmrTvelobaSi iyo 17% qali, 1975 wels qalTa ricxvi<br />
25% gax<strong>da</strong>, 1983 wels ki 33%. rogor <strong>da</strong> ratom miaRwies norvegielma qalebma<br />
uCveulod maRal warmomadgenlobas politikaSi? qalTa politikaSi winsvlis ra<br />
xelSemwyobi socialuri <strong>da</strong> politikuri winapirobebi arsebob<strong>da</strong>?<br />
istoriuli <strong>da</strong> kulturuli faqtorebi:<br />
• istoriulad norvegiaSi Zlieria Tanasworobisa <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
samarTlianobis Rirebulebebi. norvegielTa rwmeniT, saxelmwifo un<strong>da</strong><br />
asrulebdes ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri gansxvavebebis gamaTanabrebel rols<br />
<strong>da</strong> exmarebodes im jgufebs, romelTac naklebad miuwvdebaT xeli<br />
sazogadoebriv resursebze. am pirobebSi qalTa mier sqesTaSoris<br />
Tanasworobis moTxovnebi legitimurad aRiqmeba.<br />
• norvegiuli sazogadoeba tradiciulad Zalian organizebulia. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
tipis bevri asociaciaa, romlebic uzrunvelyofen monawileobis maRal<br />
xarisxs. qalebi warmodgenili iyvnen yvela tipis sazogadoebebSi, agreTve,<br />
qalTa organizaciebSi, rogoricaa diasaxlisebis <strong>da</strong> soflis qalTa<br />
asociaciebi, saqvelmoqmedo saagentoebi. sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi<br />
saqmianobam qalebs ganuviTara politikaSi monawileobisaTvis saWiro unar-<br />
Cvevebi: sajaro sityvis warmoTqma, Sexvedrebis gamarTva, lobingi.<br />
• zoga<strong>da</strong>d, norvegiaSi politikuri aqtivobis done maRalia.<br />
• norvegiaSi saarCevno <strong>da</strong> partiuli sistema Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Ria <strong>da</strong><br />
monawileobiTia.<br />
norvegiaSi politikur partiaTa farTo speqtria radikaluri memarcxeneebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
memarjveneebamde. politikuri partiebis sistema demokratiuli, Ria <strong>da</strong><br />
monawileobiTia. arCevnebi xdeba proporciuli sistemiT. partiis saarCevno siebi<br />
dgeba Ria Sexvedrebze <strong>da</strong> partiis nebismier wevrs SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>asaxelos<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tura. arCevnebi proporciuli sistemiT tardeba. saerTod,<br />
proporciuli sistemis dros qalebi ufro advilad modian politikaSi, radganc<br />
maJoritaruli sistemis dros, rodesac erT adgilze mxolod erTi kandi<strong>da</strong>ti<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SeirCes, qalebs rogorc wesi, uWirT upiratesobis mopoveba.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> proporciuli sistemisa norvegiaSi saarCevno kanoniT amomrCevlebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi meqanizmebi aqvT imis gasakontroleblad Tu vis irCeven. amomrCevels<br />
SeuZlia saarCevno biuletenSi ara marto ga<strong>da</strong>xazos gvarebi, aramed Caumatos<br />
axali kandi<strong>da</strong>tis gvari. (marTalia, es wesi SemdegSi nawilobriv Seicvala, magram<br />
raRac etapze mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula politikur postebze qalebis<br />
ricxvis gazr<strong>da</strong>Si).<br />
bevr qveyanaSi finansuri <strong>da</strong>brkoleba umTavresia qalebis politikaSi winsvlisaTvis.<br />
norvegiaSi saarCevno kampania, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, administraciis <strong>da</strong> TviT<br />
partiebis mier finansdeba. amitom kandi<strong>da</strong>tebs didi finansuri <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis<br />
gaReba ar uxdebaT, rac uadvilebs qalebs politikaSi CarTvas.<br />
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