019 Genderi da Politika
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norvegia<br />
norvegia Si<strong>da</strong>partiuli kvotebis gamoyenebis pioneria. memarcxene socialistur<br />
partias (SV) 1975 wli<strong>da</strong>n aqvs SemoRebuli 40% kvota orive sqesisaTvis. aseve<br />
axorcielebs siaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sqesis kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa monacvleobis wess (zipping<br />
system).<br />
40% kvota orive sqesisaTvis aseve <strong>da</strong>wesebuli aqvs norvegiis leiboristuli<br />
partias 1983 wli<strong>da</strong>n, centristul partias 1989 wli<strong>da</strong>n, qristanul saxalxo<br />
partias 1993 wli<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
germania<br />
germaniSi kvotebi arc konstituciiTa gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong> arc saarCevno kanoniT.<br />
magram politikuri partiebi iyeneben Si<strong>da</strong>partiul kvotebs saarCevno siis<br />
formirebisas. magaliTad, demokratiuli socializmis partia (PDS) iyenebs 50%<br />
kvotas partiul siebSi. aliansi 90/mwvaneebic 1986 wli<strong>da</strong>n iyeneben aseve 50%-ian<br />
kvotas. qristian-demokratiul partiaSi 1996 wli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wes<strong>da</strong>, rom siaSi minimum<br />
yoveli mesame kandi<strong>da</strong>ti qali un<strong>da</strong> iyos. social-demokratiuli partiam (SPD)<br />
kvotebis sistema SemoiRo 1988 wli<strong>da</strong>n. 1990 wlisaTvis mizani iyo 25% qali<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tis CarTva siebSi, 1994 wlisaTvis 33%-s, <strong>da</strong> 1998 wlisaTvis ki ukve 40%-<br />
isa. 40%-iani genderuli kovta moiTxovs aseve, siis ise agebas, rom siis bolo<br />
adgilebze mxolod erTi sqesi ar moxvdes, risTvisac siaSi minimum yoveli mexuTe<br />
mainc iyos gansxvavebuli sqesis, vidre wina oTxeuli.<br />
rakiRa 80-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n TiTqmis yvela partiam <strong>da</strong>uWira mxari sakanonmdeblo<br />
organoebSi qalTa monawileobis gazrdisaTvis mizanmimarTuli saqmianobis<br />
ganxorcielebas, bundestagSi qalTa ricxvi gaizar<strong>da</strong> 10%-<strong>da</strong>n (1983 w.) 20%-mde<br />
(1990 w.), 1997 w. gax<strong>da</strong> 26,6%, 2005 wlisaTvis ki 31,8%-s miaRwia.<br />
didi britaneTi<br />
britaneTSi didi xnis manZilze qalebi mxars uWerdnen konservatiul partias <strong>da</strong><br />
iTvlebodnen konservatorTa `saidumlo iaraRad~. 1990 wlebSi konservatiuli<br />
partia mivi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom qalTa mdgomareobaSi momx<strong>da</strong>ri radikaluri<br />
cvlilebebis Semdeg, mas erTxel <strong>da</strong> samu<strong>da</strong>mod ar hqon<strong>da</strong> garantirebuli qali<br />
amomrCevlebis mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera. partiam <strong>da</strong>iwyo qalebis mimarT pozitiuri<br />
deklaraciebis <strong>da</strong> saqmianobis ganxorcieleba. 1992 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis<br />
Semdeg partiis Tavmjdomarem n. faulerma mouwo<strong>da</strong> Tavis partias waredginaT ara<br />
nakleb 100 qali kandi<strong>da</strong>tisa, parlamentis Semdgomi arCevnebisaTvis. marTalia, es<br />
mizani bolomde ver iqna miRweuli, magram 1997 wlis arCevnebze konservatorebma<br />
waradgines 67 kandi<strong>da</strong>ti qali.<br />
liberal-demokratiul partias aqvs wesi, rom yovel saarCevno olqSi<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa CamonaTvalSi arc erTi sqesi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos erT mesamedze naklebi.<br />
aseve, partiam gamoiyena saarCevno siaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sqesis kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa<br />
monacvleobis principi evropis parlamentis arCevnebze 1999 wels.<br />
leiboristuli partiisaTvis, romelic 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi (1979-<strong>da</strong>n 1997<br />
wlamde) opoziciaSi iyo, qalTa <strong>da</strong>winaureba partiaSi amomrCevelTa Soris<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris gazrdis erT-erTi gza aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. genderuli demokratiis<br />
gafarToeba iyo nawili partiis zogadi modernizaciisa <strong>da</strong> demokratizaciisa,<br />
ramac xeli Seuwyo leiboristebis gamarjvebas. partiam Seicvala Tavisi<br />
`mamakacuri~ imiji <strong>da</strong> 80-iani wlebis bolos SeimuSava genderuli kvotirebis<br />
programa. <strong>da</strong>wes<strong>da</strong> 40%-iani genderuli kvota partiis yvela arCeviTi<br />
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