qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
`mwvane revoluciam~ (maRalproduqtiuli Teslebis, qimiurisasuqebis da pesticidebis Setanam) qal muSaxelzemoTxovnileba Seamcira, radgan farTomasStabiani meqanizirebulisoflis moeurneobis ganviTarebam win wamowiatradiciuli mamakacuri samuSaoebi (Dunlop and Velkoff1999). ase rom, Tuki adre 20 qali iyo saWiro imisaTvis,rom brinji xeliT daefqvaT, axla mxolod erTi mamakaciamuSavebda safqvav manqanas (Ramamurthy 1996:473). miuxedavadimisa, rom zairSi wyalTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobaZiriTadad qalTa kompetenciaSi Sedioda, rodesac1994 wels ruandis ltolvilTa krizisTan dakavSirebiTdasavleTidan daxmarebis gasawevad Cavidnen, wyalgayvanilobissakiTxebSi mxolod mamakacebi moamzades da araqalebi (Enloe 2000). imdenad didi iyo krizisis Semsubuqebissurvili, rom iq Casul damxmareebs erTi wuTiTacar ucdiaT eWvis qveS daeyenebinaT sqesobrivad stereotipuliSexeduleba imis Sesaxeb, rom teqnikuri tipisdavalebebi da samsaxuri mxolod mamakacTa kompetenciaa.rac Seexeba Sida kulturul cvlilebebs, Talibanis mTavrobam,rodesac igi 1996-2001 wlebSi avRaneTs marTavda,qalebs yvela saxis sajaro samsaxuri aukrZala, miuxedavadimisa, rom aTwleulebis manZilze avRaneli qalebimuSaxelis aqtiur nawils warmoadgendnen. Tumca, msgavsicvlilebebi mxolod kulturuli procesebiT rodiaganpirobebuli. avRaneTis SemTxvevaSi, Talibanis islamur-fundamentalisturireJimi nawilobriv s.s.r.k-sa daa.S.S.-s adrindeli qmedebebiT da aseve saudis arabeTisada pakistanis regionaluri mmarTvelobiTac iyo ganpirobebuli(Burns and Levine 1996).aqve Cven ganvixilavT im zogad faqtorebs, romlebicsamuSao adgilebze sqesobrivi uTanasworobis sakmaodmaRali xarisxis SenarCunebas xels uwyoben. cotamogvianebiT ki SevecdebiT gamovavlinoT, sxvadasxva samuSaopirobebSi sqesobrivi uTanasworobis rogorc ma-Ral, ise dabal donesTan asocirebuli faqtorebi.81
genderuli ideologia da uTanasworoba dasaqmebisasuTanasworobis nebismier formas garkveuli ideologiisarseboba uwyobs xels, romlis saSualebiTacdadgenilia sxvadasxva tipis privilegiebi da jildoebi.genderuli ideologia warmoadgens im Sexedulebebis er-Tobliobas, romelTa mixedviTac ganisazRvreba rogorcTiToeuli sqesis raoba, aseve is, Tu rogoria an rogoriunda iyos maT Soris arsebuli urTierTobebi. genderuliideologiis Sinaarsi gansazRvravs sqesobriv stereotipebsada qcevis im normebs, romelTa dacvac moeTxovebaTadamianebs. me-19 saukuneSi alfred lord tenisonismier dawerili leqsi mTeli msoflios masStabiT arsebuligenderuli ideologiis SexedulebaTa ilustraciaa:`kaci mindorSi da qali saxlSi;xmali kacisTvis da nemsi qalisTvis:kaci TaviTa da qali ki guliT:kaci brZanebs da qali ki asrulebs;sxvagvarad qaosia. `pirveli Sexeduleba, romelic am leqsSi fiqsirdeba,aris is, rom qalebi da mamakacebi Sinaganad gansxvavdebianerTamaneTisgan da Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva cxovrebiseulrolebs ergebian. aq dadasturebuli ideologiuriganacxadi, mdgomareobs ara mxolod imaSi, rom ori sqesigansxvavebulia erTamaneTisagan, aramed imaSi, rom isinierTmaneTis sapirispironi arian. is, rasac erTi sqesiwarmoadgens, meore sqesisagan absoluturad sxvaobs. tenisonisleqsSi gaJRerebuli meore Sexeduleba ki gaxlavTis, rom mamakacs goneba (`Tavi~) marTavs, xolo qalsemocia (`guli~), rac kidev erTxel xazs usvams imas, romsapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebi cxovrebiseul saki-Txebs sxvadasxvagvarad agvareben.rogorc pirvel TavSi iyo xazgasmuli, sqesobrivigansxvavebebi SemTxveviT xasiaTs ar atarebs; sazogadoebebmasakmaod grZeli gza ganvles, raTa sakuTari Tavi82
- Page 19 and 20: amasTanave es Sedis mamakacTa inter
- Page 21 and 22: alebiT, amgvar gaufasurebas SeuZlia
- Page 24 and 25: nobisa da gaTxovebisken, kompania a
- Page 26 and 27: akrZaluli an Ria. garda amisa gende
- Page 28 and 29: da mSromelebi samsaxurSi genderul d
- Page 30 and 31: individebi. samuSao adgilTa mixedvi
- Page 32 and 33: II Tavigenderizebuli Sroma drosa da
- Page 34 and 35: indusitrializaciamde Sinamosamsaxur
- Page 36 and 37: xelosnebi. industrializaciamdeli wa
- Page 38 and 39: anazRaurebaze momuSave muSebi, adam
- Page 40 and 41: qalebisa da bavSvebis daqiravebas i
- Page 42 and 43: da codvebisgan ganaridebdnen (Lerne
- Page 44 and 45: Rirseulad Seinaxos ojaxi, isev jent
- Page 46 and 47: sqesis niSniT Sromis gadanawileba R
- Page 48 and 49: sazriss, rom saSinao saqmianoba qal
- Page 50 and 51: am rasobriv da eTnikur jgufebs Sori
- Page 52 and 53: uxilavi da socialurad gaufasurebuli
- Page 54 and 55: ze dabalia muslimanur sazogadoebebS
- Page 56 and 57: faravs verc profkavSirebi da verc S
- Page 58 and 59: gamosaxuleba 2.2. qalTa ekonomikuri
- Page 60 and 61: mravalerovani korporaciebi (MNC) uk
- Page 62 and 63: dasasrul unda iTqvas, rom globaluri
- Page 64 and 65: 6. gaerTianebuli erebis mosaxleobis
- Page 66 and 67: • sqesobrivi segregacia - pirveli
- Page 68 and 69: 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi a.S.S.-Si
- Page 72 and 73: daerwmunebinaT imaSi, rom ori sqesi
- Page 74 and 75: • mamakacebi, rogorc ojaxis `namd
- Page 76 and 77: niSnavs, rom isini Cveuli da avtoma
- Page 78 and 79: ideologiis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul
- Page 80 and 81: kaciis miRebaSi uSlidnen xels. maga
- Page 82 and 83: Tavad rZali ki sayvedurs gamoucxade
- Page 84 and 85: York Times-s sqesobriv diskriminaci
- Page 86 and 87: samuSao pirobas an rogorc garkveuli
- Page 88 and 89: sobrivi diskriminaciis gamarTleba (
- Page 90 and 91: Semosavlebi sakuTar ganaTlebaSi, pr
- Page 92 and 93: gens. saSualod, qalebs gacilebiT na
- Page 94 and 95: saxlis yoveldRiuri saqmeebisagan. i
- Page 96 and 97: kvlav daapirebs, qmari ukve ukmayof
`mwvane revoluciam~ (maRalproduqtiuli Teslebis, qimiurisasuqebis <strong>da</strong> pesticidebis Setanam) qal muSaxelzemoTxovnileba Seamcira, radgan farTomasStabiani meqanizirebulisoflis moeurneobis ganviTarebam win wamowiatradiciuli mamakacuri samuSaoebi (Dunlop and Velkoff1999). ase rom, Tuki adre 20 qali iyo saWiro imisaTvis,rom brinji xeliT <strong>da</strong>efqvaT, axla mxolod erTi mamakaciamuSaveb<strong>da</strong> safqvav manqanas (Ramamurthy 1996:473). miuxe<strong>da</strong>vadimisa, rom zairSi wyalTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli saqmianobaZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d qalTa kompetenciaSi Sedio<strong>da</strong>, rodesac1994 wels ruandis ltolvilTa krizisTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gasawevad Cavidnen, wyalgayvanilobissakiTxebSi mxolod <strong>mamakacebi</strong> moamzades <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>qalebi</strong> (Enloe 2000). imdenad didi iyo krizisis Semsubuqebissurvili, rom iq Casul <strong>da</strong>mxmareebs erTi wuTiTacar ucdiaT eWvis qveS <strong>da</strong>eyenebinaT sqesobrivad stereotipuliSexeduleba imis Sesaxeb, rom teqnikuri tipis<strong>da</strong>valebebi <strong>da</strong> samsaxuri mxolod mamakacTa kompetenciaa.rac Seexeba Si<strong>da</strong> kulturul cvlilebebs, Talibanis mTavrobam,rodesac igi 1996-2001 wlebSi avRaneTs marTav<strong>da</strong>,qalebs yvela saxis sajaro samsaxuri aukrZala, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vadimisa, rom aTwleulebis manZilze avRaneli <strong>qalebi</strong>muSaxelis aqtiur nawils warmoadgendnen. Tumca, msgavsicvlilebebi mxolod kulturuli procesebiT rodiaganpirobebuli. avRaneTis SemTxvevaSi, Talibanis islamur-fun<strong>da</strong>mentalisturireJimi nawilobriv s.s.r.k-sa <strong>da</strong>a.S.S.-s adrindeli qmedebebiT <strong>da</strong> aseve saudis arabeTisa<strong>da</strong> pakistanis regionaluri mmarTvelobiTac iyo ganpirobebuli(Burns and Levine 1996).aqve Cven ganvixilavT im zogad faqtorebs, romlebicsamuSao adgilebze sqesobrivi uTanasworobis sakmaodmaRali xarisxis SenarCunebas xels uwyoben. cotamogvianebiT ki SevecdebiT gamovavlinoT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samuSaopirobebSi sqesobrivi uTanasworobis rogorc ma-Ral, ise <strong>da</strong>bal donesTan asocirebuli faqtorebi.81
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