qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
da codvebisgan ganaridebdnen (Lerner 1979:89). mravaliojaxi miesalmeboda qaliSvilebis Semosavals (Dublin1993). miuxedavad imisa, rom aTasobiT qali warmoadgendasamuSao Zalas, es ukanaskneli mecxramete saukunisganmavlobaSi sul ufro da ufro mamakacze iyoorientirebuli.gancalkevebuli sferoebis ideologiasamuSao Zalis maskulinizebis aRniSnuli aRwera armoicavs gadamwyvet Tvisebebs: yvelaze naklebad SesaZlebeligaTxovili da ara martoxela qalis dasaqmebulobaiyo. meoce saukunis mijnaze gaTxovili da gauTxovariqalebis samuSao ZalaSi monawileobis SedarebagviCvenebs, rom 10 wels gadacilebuli gauTxovari gogoebis40 procentTan SedarebiT samuSao ZalaSi gaTxoviliqalebis mxolod 6 procenti iyo warmodgenili(Folbre 1991:465).riT iyo gamowveuli Sromis ZalaSi gaTxovil qalTamonawileobis aseTi dabali done? aq umTavresi faqtorisrols gancalkevebuli sferoebis ideologiaTamaSobda. es ideologia, romelic inglisSi maRal dasaSualo klasebSi Camoyalibda, saojaxo cxovrebis anaz-Raurebadi Sromisagan gancalkevebisken mouwodebda.ideologiis Tanaxmad, qalis Sesaferisi adgili saxlSiiyo da ara samuSao adgilze. aqedan gamomdinareobdadaskvna, rom mamakaci bunebrivad `saxlisTvis~ ar iyogaCenili; aramed mis sferos komerciis (vaWrobis)samyaro an nebismier SemTxvevaSi warmoadgenda romelimesamsaxuri (Davidoff and Hall 1987:346-67; 1991:30-31).gancalkevebuli sferoebis am ideologiam mamakacebiSinidan Sors muSaobisaken, qalebi ki produqtiuli53
saqmianobis saSinao saqmeebiT Semofargvlisaken waaqeza.am warmodgenebs is stereotipebic amyarebda, TiTqosmamakaci Zlieri, agresiuli da konkurentunariani iyo,xolo qali – faqizi, saTno da mzrunveli arseba. amwarmodgenebma mamakaci warmoaCines, rogorc mecxrametesaukuneSi maRalkonkurentuli Sromis bazrisaTvis bunebrivadSesaferisi, xolo qali - komerciis samyarosaTviszedmetad nazi.pativsacem gaTxovil qals ori valdebuleba undaSeesrulebina: samuSao samyarosgan gamosarideblad dadasasveneblad qmrisTvis mSvidi navTsayudeli Seeqmnada sakuTari umuSevrobiT meuRleebis mier ojaxis Senaxvisunaris demonstrireba moexdina. Tu gaTxoviliqali muSaobda, es misi qmris warumateblobis niSani iyo(Westorer 1986:67). meoce saukunis damdegs erTi ingliselimkeravi qali ixsenebs:`roca gavTxovdi, Sinidan samuSaod arasodes gavsulvar.mravali erideboda aseT qcevas. im dros, TukigaTxovili qali samuSaod gavidoda, mas sircxvilieloda. aseT qalebs eubnebodnen, rom maTi Senaxva dauzrunvelyofa maTi qmrebis movaleoba iyo.~analogiurad, meoce saukunis Sua xanebSi aSS-iscentralur da dasavleT raionebSi xorcproduqtebissawarmoSi momuSave qali ambobda, rom misi dasaqmebulobisgamo misi qmari Tavs damcirebulad grZnobdada `Tu sakonservo qarxanaSi muSaobdi, erTi binZurivinme iyavi da sxva araferi~ (Fink 1998:102).qalTa dasaqmeba ara marto maTi meuRleebis, aramedTavad maTi sircxvilic iyo. 1939 wels maRali klasiserT-erTi komentatori qalbatoni aRniSnavda, rom:jentlmens ufleba aqvs dakavdes nebismieri, Tundacyvelaze uRirsi saqmianobiT da Tu mas ZaluZs54
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriaqalebi d
- Page 3 and 4: nelobaa iseTi saqmianoba, romelic s
- Page 5 and 6: erTveboda Sromis am axal saxeobaSi,
- Page 7 and 8: is mainc am sistemis uTanasworobis
- Page 9 and 10: pologma geil rabinma (1975:178) Tqv
- Page 11 and 12: maxasiaTeblebis (rogorebicaa rasa,
- Page 13 and 14: sxvavebebs, anu genderirebaSi arian
- Page 15 and 16: (Kovalevski and Bennett 1989). momd
- Page 17 and 18: odesac warmoeba moiTxovs, qalebi da
- Page 19 and 20: amasTanave es Sedis mamakacTa inter
- Page 21 and 22: alebiT, amgvar gaufasurebas SeuZlia
- Page 24 and 25: nobisa da gaTxovebisken, kompania a
- Page 26 and 27: akrZaluli an Ria. garda amisa gende
- Page 28 and 29: da mSromelebi samsaxurSi genderul d
- Page 30 and 31: individebi. samuSao adgilTa mixedvi
- Page 32 and 33: II Tavigenderizebuli Sroma drosa da
- Page 34 and 35: indusitrializaciamde Sinamosamsaxur
- Page 36 and 37: xelosnebi. industrializaciamdeli wa
- Page 38 and 39: anazRaurebaze momuSave muSebi, adam
- Page 40 and 41: qalebisa da bavSvebis daqiravebas i
- Page 44 and 45: Rirseulad Seinaxos ojaxi, isev jent
- Page 46 and 47: sqesis niSniT Sromis gadanawileba R
- Page 48 and 49: sazriss, rom saSinao saqmianoba qal
- Page 50 and 51: am rasobriv da eTnikur jgufebs Sori
- Page 52 and 53: uxilavi da socialurad gaufasurebuli
- Page 54 and 55: ze dabalia muslimanur sazogadoebebS
- Page 56 and 57: faravs verc profkavSirebi da verc S
- Page 58 and 59: gamosaxuleba 2.2. qalTa ekonomikuri
- Page 60 and 61: mravalerovani korporaciebi (MNC) uk
- Page 62 and 63: dasasrul unda iTqvas, rom globaluri
- Page 64 and 65: 6. gaerTianebuli erebis mosaxleobis
- Page 66 and 67: • sqesobrivi segregacia - pirveli
- Page 68 and 69: 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi a.S.S.-Si
- Page 70 and 71: `mwvane revoluciam~ (maRalproduqtiu
- Page 72 and 73: daerwmunebinaT imaSi, rom ori sqesi
- Page 74 and 75: • mamakacebi, rogorc ojaxis `namd
- Page 76 and 77: niSnavs, rom isini Cveuli da avtoma
- Page 78 and 79: ideologiis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul
- Page 80 and 81: kaciis miRebaSi uSlidnen xels. maga
- Page 82 and 83: Tavad rZali ki sayvedurs gamoucxade
- Page 84 and 85: York Times-s sqesobriv diskriminaci
- Page 86 and 87: samuSao pirobas an rogorc garkveuli
- Page 88 and 89: sobrivi diskriminaciis gamarTleba (
- Page 90 and 91: Semosavlebi sakuTar ganaTlebaSi, pr
saqmianobis saSinao saqmeebiT Semofargvlisaken waaqeza.am warmodgenebs is stereotipebic amyareb<strong>da</strong>, TiTqosmamakaci Zlieri, agresiuli <strong>da</strong> konkurentunariani iyo,xolo qali – faqizi, saTno <strong>da</strong> mzrunveli arseba. amwarmodgenebma mamakaci warmoaCines, rogorc mecxrametesaukuneSi maRalkonkurentuli Sromis bazrisaTvis bunebrivadSesaferisi, xolo qali - komerciis samyarosaTviszedmetad nazi.pativsacem gaTxovil qals ori valdebuleba un<strong>da</strong>Seesrulebina: samuSao samyarosgan gamosarideblad <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sasveneblad qmrisTvis mSvidi navTsayudeli Seeqmna<strong>da</strong> sakuTari umuSevrobiT meuRleebis mier ojaxis Senaxvisunaris demonstrireba moexdina. Tu gaTxoviliqali muSaob<strong>da</strong>, es misi qmris warumateblobis niSani iyo(Westorer 1986:67). meoce saukunis <strong>da</strong>mdegs erTi ingliselimkeravi qali ixsenebs:`roca gavTxovdi, Sini<strong>da</strong>n samuSaod arasodes gavsulvar.mravali eridebo<strong>da</strong> aseT qcevas. im dros, TukigaTxovili qali samuSaod gavido<strong>da</strong>, mas sircxvilielo<strong>da</strong>. aseT qalebs eubnebodnen, rom maTi Senaxva <strong>da</strong>uzrunvelyofa maTi qmrebis movaleoba iyo.~analogiurad, meoce saukunis Sua xanebSi aSS-iscentralur <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleT raionebSi xorcproduqtebissawarmoSi momuSave qali ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom misi <strong>da</strong>saqmebulobisgamo misi qmari Tavs <strong>da</strong>mcirebulad grZnob<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong> `Tu sakonservo qarxanaSi muSaobdi, erTi binZurivinme iyavi <strong>da</strong> sxva araferi~ (Fink 1998:102).qalTa <strong>da</strong>saqmeba ara marto maTi meuRleebis, aramedTavad maTi sircxvilic iyo. 1939 wels maRali klasiserT-erTi komentatori qalbatoni aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom:jentlmens ufleba aqvs <strong>da</strong>kavdes nebismieri, Tun<strong>da</strong>cyvelaze uRirsi saqmianobiT <strong>da</strong> Tu mas ZaluZs54
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