qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebisa da bavSvebis daqiravebas imis gamo, rom isiniufro mcire xelfasisTvis muSaobdnen da maTi daqiravebaufro xelmisawvdomi iyo, vidre mamakacebisa imaveadgilze (Valenze 1995). Tumca, vinaidan dasaqmebaurbanizebuli gaxda, qalTa samuSao Zalis monawileobadaeca da samuSao Zala maskulizebuli gaxda. magaliTisaTvis,1840 wels britaneTSi industriuli samuSaoZalis 40 procents qalebi da bavSvebi Seadgendnen; 1870wlisTvis oTxidan sami industriaSi momuSave muSa mamakaciiyo (Baxandall. Cordon, and Reverby 1976:83); qalebismxlod 17 procenti muSaobda saxls gareT anazRaurebadsamuSaoze.samuSaos maZiebelTa ricxvi am periodis manZilzexSirad samuSaoTa raodenobas aRemateboda. Sedegad kiwarmoiqmna samuSao adgilebis maZiebel umuSevarTaurdoebi. damsqmeblebmac mdgomareobiT isargebles daanazRaureba Seamcires. adrindeli profkavSirebi ganixilavdnenqalebsa da bavSvebs, rogorc safrTxes mamakacTasamsaxurebisa da xelfasebisaTvis. amitom maT iwyesqarxnebidan da maRaroebidan qalebisa da bavSvebisgamodevna (Pinchbeck 1930). profkavSirebma mokavSireebisaSualo klasis reformatorebSi hpoves, romlebic sa-SiSi da aramoraluri samuSao pirobebisagan qalebisa dabavSvebis dasacav kanonebs mimarTavdnen 3 . profkavSirebisada reformatorebis dawolam mecxramete saukunisevropisa da amerikis kanonmdeblebi eqspluataciuridamqiravebluri praqtikis winaaRmdeg damcav samuSaokanonmdeblobamde miiyvana.damcavi samuSao kanonebi damsaqmeblebs ukrZalavdneneiZulebinaT qalebi da bavSvebi dReSi saaTebisgarkveul raodenobaze meti emuSavaT, dadgenil wonazemeti aewiaT, emuSavaT RamiT an konkretuli samsaxuri51
SeesrulebinaT. marTalia, am kanonebma zogierTi qalisastiki samuSao pirobebisagan daicva kidec, magram amavedros mraval sxvas maRalanazRaurebadi qarxnulisamsaxurebisken gza mouWra. genderulma mosazrebebmasaxifaTo samuSaoebisgan daicves qali da ara mamakaci,magram amave dros mamakacs, da ara qals, mianiWesufleba, Tavad aewon-daewonaT riski da mogeba daTavadve gadaewyvitaT, rogor eSovaT puris fuli. kanonebi,romlebic zRudavdnen saaTebis raodenobas, romelTamanZilzec qalebs muSaoba SeeZloT amerikisSeerTebul Statebsa da britaneTSi, farTod iyo mi-Rebuli. zogi kanoni damqiraveblebisagan, qalebisaTvisgarkveuli samuSaos akrZalvis gziT samuSaoTa specifiuritipebis segregirebas moiTxovda, rogorebicaamagaliTad kanonis ganxorcieleba, baris meTvalyureoba,telegramebis gadacema da konduqtorad muSaoba.ori msoflio omis periodis garda, amerikis mTavrobaam proteqcionistul politikas 1964 wlamde misdevda.Sromis damcavma kanonebma qalebisTvis mravali samuSaoarxis CaketviT samuSao Zalis maskulanizaciaSi saku-Tari wvlili Seitanes da gaaZlieres varaudi, romojaxze zrunva mamakacis movaleoba iyo.damcavi Sromis kanonebis miuxedavad, moZraoba yvelaqarxnuli samuSaosaTvis qalebis CamosaSorebladkraxiT dasrulda. saWiroebam ubiZga mraval qals anaz-RaurebisaTvis emuSavaT da damqiraveblebmac isini dabalanazRaurebadqarxnul samuSaoebze daasaqmes (Pinchbek1930). imis gamo, rom damqiraveblebs SeeZloT qalebisTvismamakacebze naklebi gadaexadaT, teqstilismwarmoebeli qarxnebis mflobelebi aqtiurad asaqmebdnengauTxovar axalgazrda qalebs da arwmunebdnenmSoblebs, rom maT qaliSvilebs usaqmurobis, xmaurisa52
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriaqalebi d
- Page 3 and 4: nelobaa iseTi saqmianoba, romelic s
- Page 5 and 6: erTveboda Sromis am axal saxeobaSi,
- Page 7 and 8: is mainc am sistemis uTanasworobis
- Page 9 and 10: pologma geil rabinma (1975:178) Tqv
- Page 11 and 12: maxasiaTeblebis (rogorebicaa rasa,
- Page 13 and 14: sxvavebebs, anu genderirebaSi arian
- Page 15 and 16: (Kovalevski and Bennett 1989). momd
- Page 17 and 18: odesac warmoeba moiTxovs, qalebi da
- Page 19 and 20: amasTanave es Sedis mamakacTa inter
- Page 21 and 22: alebiT, amgvar gaufasurebas SeuZlia
- Page 24 and 25: nobisa da gaTxovebisken, kompania a
- Page 26 and 27: akrZaluli an Ria. garda amisa gende
- Page 28 and 29: da mSromelebi samsaxurSi genderul d
- Page 30 and 31: individebi. samuSao adgilTa mixedvi
- Page 32 and 33: II Tavigenderizebuli Sroma drosa da
- Page 34 and 35: indusitrializaciamde Sinamosamsaxur
- Page 36 and 37: xelosnebi. industrializaciamdeli wa
- Page 38 and 39: anazRaurebaze momuSave muSebi, adam
- Page 42 and 43: da codvebisgan ganaridebdnen (Lerne
- Page 44 and 45: Rirseulad Seinaxos ojaxi, isev jent
- Page 46 and 47: sqesis niSniT Sromis gadanawileba R
- Page 48 and 49: sazriss, rom saSinao saqmianoba qal
- Page 50 and 51: am rasobriv da eTnikur jgufebs Sori
- Page 52 and 53: uxilavi da socialurad gaufasurebuli
- Page 54 and 55: ze dabalia muslimanur sazogadoebebS
- Page 56 and 57: faravs verc profkavSirebi da verc S
- Page 58 and 59: gamosaxuleba 2.2. qalTa ekonomikuri
- Page 60 and 61: mravalerovani korporaciebi (MNC) uk
- Page 62 and 63: dasasrul unda iTqvas, rom globaluri
- Page 64 and 65: 6. gaerTianebuli erebis mosaxleobis
- Page 66 and 67: • sqesobrivi segregacia - pirveli
- Page 68 and 69: 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi a.S.S.-Si
- Page 70 and 71: `mwvane revoluciam~ (maRalproduqtiu
- Page 72 and 73: daerwmunebinaT imaSi, rom ori sqesi
- Page 74 and 75: • mamakacebi, rogorc ojaxis `namd
- Page 76 and 77: niSnavs, rom isini Cveuli da avtoma
- Page 78 and 79: ideologiis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul
- Page 80 and 81: kaciis miRebaSi uSlidnen xels. maga
- Page 82 and 83: Tavad rZali ki sayvedurs gamoucxade
- Page 84 and 85: York Times-s sqesobriv diskriminaci
- Page 86 and 87: samuSao pirobas an rogorc garkveuli
- Page 88 and 89: sobrivi diskriminaciis gamarTleba (
SeesrulebinaT. marTalia, am kanonebma zogierTi qalisastiki samuSao pirobebisagan <strong>da</strong>icva kidec, magram amavedros mraval sxvas maRalanazRaurebadi qarxnulisamsaxurebisken gza mouWra. genderulma mosazrebebmasaxifaTo samuSaoebisgan <strong>da</strong>icves qali <strong>da</strong> ara mamakaci,magram amave dros mamakacs, <strong>da</strong> ara qals, mianiWesufleba, Tavad aewon-<strong>da</strong>ewonaT riski <strong>da</strong> mogeba <strong>da</strong>Tavadve ga<strong>da</strong>ewyvitaT, rogor eSovaT puris fuli. kanonebi,romlebic zRu<strong>da</strong>vdnen saaTebis raodenobas, romelTamanZilzec qalebs muSaoba SeeZloT amerikisSeerTebul Statebsa <strong>da</strong> britaneTSi, farTod iyo mi-Rebuli. zogi kanoni <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebisagan, <strong>qalebi</strong>saTvisgarkveuli samuSaos akrZalvis gziT samuSaoTa specifiuritipebis segregirebas moiTxov<strong>da</strong>, rogorebicaamagaliTad kanonis ganxorcieleba, baris meTvalyureoba,telegramebis ga<strong>da</strong>cema <strong>da</strong> konduqtorad muSaoba.ori msoflio omis periodis gar<strong>da</strong>, amerikis mTavrobaam proteqcionistul politikas 1964 wlamde misdev<strong>da</strong>.Sromis <strong>da</strong>mcavma kanonebma <strong>qalebi</strong>sTvis mravali samuSaoarxis CaketviT samuSao Zalis maskulanizaciaSi saku-Tari wvlili Seitanes <strong>da</strong> gaaZlieres varaudi, romojaxze zrunva mamakacis movaleoba iyo.<strong>da</strong>mcavi Sromis kanonebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, moZraoba yvelaqarxnuli samuSaosaTvis <strong>qalebi</strong>s CamosaSorebladkraxiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>. saWiroebam ubiZga mraval qals anaz-RaurebisaTvis emuSavaT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebmac isini <strong>da</strong>balanazRaurebadqarxnul samuSaoebze <strong>da</strong>asaqmes (Pinchbek1930). imis gamo, rom <strong>da</strong>mqiraveblebs SeeZloT <strong>qalebi</strong>sTvismamakacebze naklebi ga<strong>da</strong>exa<strong>da</strong>T, teqstilismwarmoebeli qarxnebis mflobelebi aqtiurad asaqmebdnengauTxovar axalgazr<strong>da</strong> qalebs <strong>da</strong> arwmunebdnenmSoblebs, rom maT qaliSvilebs usaqmurobis, xmaurisa52
Change language