qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
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<strong>qalebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> bavSvebis <strong>da</strong>qiravebas imis gamo, rom isiniufro mcire xelfasisTvis muSaobdnen <strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>da</strong>qiravebaufro xelmisawvdomi iyo, vidre <strong>mamakacebi</strong>sa imaveadgilze (Valenze 1995). Tumca, vinai<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>saqmebaurbanizebuli gax<strong>da</strong>, qalTa samuSao Zalis monawileoba<strong>da</strong>eca <strong>da</strong> samuSao Zala maskulizebuli gax<strong>da</strong>. magaliTisaTvis,1840 wels britaneTSi industriuli samuSaoZalis 40 procents <strong>qalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> bavSvebi Seadgendnen; 1870wlisTvis oTxi<strong>da</strong>n sami industriaSi momuSave muSa mamakaciiyo (Baxan<strong>da</strong>ll. Cordon, and Reverby 1976:83); <strong>qalebi</strong>smxlod 17 procenti muSaob<strong>da</strong> saxls gareT anazRaurebadsamuSaoze.samuSaos maZiebelTa ricxvi am periodis manZilzexSirad samuSaoTa raodenobas aRematebo<strong>da</strong>. Sedegad kiwarmoiqmna samuSao adgilebis maZiebel umuSevarTaurdoebi. <strong>da</strong>msqmeblebmac mdgomareobiT isargebles <strong>da</strong>anazRaureba Seamcires. adrindeli profkavSirebi ganixilavdnenqalebsa <strong>da</strong> bavSvebs, rogorc safrTxes mamakacTasamsaxurebisa <strong>da</strong> xelfasebisaTvis. amitom maT iwyesqarxnebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> maRaroebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>qalebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> bavSvebisgamodevna (Pinchbeck 1930). profkavSirebma mokavSireebisaSualo klasis reformatorebSi hpoves, romlebic sa-SiSi <strong>da</strong> aramoraluri samuSao pirobebisagan <strong>qalebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong>bavSvebis <strong>da</strong>sacav kanonebs mimarTavdnen 3 . profkavSirebisa<strong>da</strong> reformatorebis <strong>da</strong>wolam mecxramete saukunisevropisa <strong>da</strong> amerikis kanonmdeblebi eqspluataciuri<strong>da</strong>mqiravebluri praqtikis winaaRmdeg <strong>da</strong>mcav samuSaokanonmdeblobamde miiyvana.<strong>da</strong>mcavi samuSao kanonebi <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebs ukrZalavdneneiZulebinaT <strong>qalebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> bavSvebi dReSi saaTebisgarkveul raodenobaze meti emuSavaT, <strong>da</strong>dgenil wonazemeti aewiaT, emuSavaT RamiT an konkretuli samsaxuri51
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