qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
II Tavigenderizebuli Sroma drosa da sivrceSiadamianebs sqesze dayrdnobiT yvela sazogadoebagarkveuli saxis samuSaos avalebda, Tumca is, Tu rasaxis davaleba eqneboda mamakacsa da qals, msofliossxvadasxva qveynebsa da sxvadasxva dros gansxvavebuliiyo. es Tavi ukanaskneli oTxasi wlis ganmavlobaSi dasavlurkulturaSi arsebuli sqesis niSniT Sromisdanawilebis evolucias mimoixilavs.pirvelad aRvwerT, Tu rogor warmarTes dasavlurmaindustriamdelma sazogadoebebma sqesTa SorisSromis danawileba. Semdeg Cven davinaxavT, Tu SromiskomercializebiT rogor Cauyara industrializaciamsafuZveli sqesis niSniT Sromis axal danawilebas _anazRaurebadi Sroma mamakacisTvis da araanazRaurebadisaSinao Sroma qalebisTvis. sabolood, Cven msofliosmasStabiT dasavlur da aradasavlur saxelmwifoebSiSromis sqesis niSniT danawilebasac aRvwerT.Sromis sqesis niSniT danawileba industriamdelevropaSiindustriamdel dasavlur sazogadoebebSi TiTqmisyvela Sromobda. adamianTa umetesoba sakuTar cxovrebasTavis gamokvebasa da sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofas uZRvnida,danarCeni ki produqtsa da momsaxurebas sxvas sTavazobda,ra Tqma unda, samefo ojaxisa da didgvarovnebisgarda, romlebic sxvaTa Sromis nayofiT cxovrobdnen.wignis es nawili im Sromas aRwers, romelsac xsenebuliperiodis ganmavlobaSi qalebi da mamakacebi soflismeurneobasa da manufaqturebSi eweodnen.43
sasoflo-sameurneo Sromaindustrializaciamde, romelic meTvramete saukuneSidaiwyo, evropaSi adamianTa umetesoba soflismeurneobaSi iyo dasaqmebuli, Tavdapirvelad, rogorcyma-glexi, romelic didgvarovnebis miwaze Sromobda,xolo Semdeg ki rogorc glexi, romelic miwis pataranakveTebs flobda (Hanawalt 1986). am ymebisa da glexebidan,mamakacebi Cveulebriv xvniT da TesviT iyvnendakavebulni, qalebi ki niadags sarevelebisgan wmenddnen;orive erTad mosavals iRebda. gogonebsa da qalebsSinauri cxovelebis moSeneba evalebodaT. Sesabamisadmowvela, karaqis dRveba, yvelis amoyvana da Sinauricxovelis dakvla maT saqmianobaSi Sedioda. puriscxoba, ludis xarSva, qsovilebisa da tansacmlis kervaagreTve qalebis funqcia iyo. mamakacebi saxlebs aSenebdnen,SeSas Cexdnen, saklavs klavdnen, arxebi gahyavdaTda Robes akeTebdnen.ganvixiloT meCvidmete saukuneSi baskeTSi sofladmcxovrebi wyvilis Sromis danawileba. coli riJraJzedgeboda da cecxls anTebda. misi qmari da daqiravebulimosamsaxure kaci isev loginSi iwvnen, sanam qalisauzmes moamzadebda. mas Semdeg, rac kacebi mindorsmiaSurebdnen, sadac TesviT, barviT, xvniT da mosavlisaRebiT iyvnen dakavebulni, coli saxls alagebda dasadils amzadebda, sadilobis dros Tavad fexze idga damamakacebs awvdida kerZs. naSuadRevs qali Tavis meuRlesada daqiravebul muSas mindorSi exmareboda manam,sanam vaxSamis momzadebis dro ar movidoda. saRamosqmari, SesaZloa, raime iaraRis SekeTebiT dakavebuliyoan soflis tavernisTvis mieSurebina. daaxloebiT saRamosTerTmeti saaTisaTvis coli lamfis Suqs Caaqrobdada qmarTan erTad logins miaSurebda (Shorter 1975:67-72).44
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriaqalebi d
- Page 3 and 4: nelobaa iseTi saqmianoba, romelic s
- Page 5 and 6: erTveboda Sromis am axal saxeobaSi,
- Page 7 and 8: is mainc am sistemis uTanasworobis
- Page 9 and 10: pologma geil rabinma (1975:178) Tqv
- Page 11 and 12: maxasiaTeblebis (rogorebicaa rasa,
- Page 13 and 14: sxvavebebs, anu genderirebaSi arian
- Page 15 and 16: (Kovalevski and Bennett 1989). momd
- Page 17 and 18: odesac warmoeba moiTxovs, qalebi da
- Page 19 and 20: amasTanave es Sedis mamakacTa inter
- Page 21 and 22: alebiT, amgvar gaufasurebas SeuZlia
- Page 24 and 25: nobisa da gaTxovebisken, kompania a
- Page 26 and 27: akrZaluli an Ria. garda amisa gende
- Page 28 and 29: da mSromelebi samsaxurSi genderul d
- Page 30 and 31: individebi. samuSao adgilTa mixedvi
- Page 34 and 35: indusitrializaciamde Sinamosamsaxur
- Page 36 and 37: xelosnebi. industrializaciamdeli wa
- Page 38 and 39: anazRaurebaze momuSave muSebi, adam
- Page 40 and 41: qalebisa da bavSvebis daqiravebas i
- Page 42 and 43: da codvebisgan ganaridebdnen (Lerne
- Page 44 and 45: Rirseulad Seinaxos ojaxi, isev jent
- Page 46 and 47: sqesis niSniT Sromis gadanawileba R
- Page 48 and 49: sazriss, rom saSinao saqmianoba qal
- Page 50 and 51: am rasobriv da eTnikur jgufebs Sori
- Page 52 and 53: uxilavi da socialurad gaufasurebuli
- Page 54 and 55: ze dabalia muslimanur sazogadoebebS
- Page 56 and 57: faravs verc profkavSirebi da verc S
- Page 58 and 59: gamosaxuleba 2.2. qalTa ekonomikuri
- Page 60 and 61: mravalerovani korporaciebi (MNC) uk
- Page 62 and 63: dasasrul unda iTqvas, rom globaluri
- Page 64 and 65: 6. gaerTianebuli erebis mosaxleobis
- Page 66 and 67: • sqesobrivi segregacia - pirveli
- Page 68 and 69: 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi a.S.S.-Si
- Page 70 and 71: `mwvane revoluciam~ (maRalproduqtiu
- Page 72 and 73: daerwmunebinaT imaSi, rom ori sqesi
- Page 74 and 75: • mamakacebi, rogorc ojaxis `namd
- Page 76 and 77: niSnavs, rom isini Cveuli da avtoma
- Page 78 and 79: ideologiis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul
- Page 80 and 81: kaciis miRebaSi uSlidnen xels. maga
sasoflo-sameurneo Sromaindustrializaciamde, romelic meTvramete saukuneSi<strong>da</strong>iwyo, evropaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianTa umetesoba soflismeurneobaSi iyo <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli, Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad, rogorcyma-glexi, romelic didgvarovnebis miwaze Sromob<strong>da</strong>,xolo Semdeg ki rogorc glexi, romelic miwis pataranakveTebs flob<strong>da</strong> (Hanawalt 1986). am ymebisa <strong>da</strong> glexebi<strong>da</strong>n,<strong>mamakacebi</strong> Cveulebriv xvniT <strong>da</strong> TesviT iyvnen<strong>da</strong>kavebulni, <strong>qalebi</strong> ki nia<strong>da</strong>gs sarevelebisgan wmenddnen;orive erTad mosavals iReb<strong>da</strong>. gogonebsa <strong>da</strong> qalebsSinauri cxovelebis moSeneba evalebo<strong>da</strong>T. Sesabamisadmowvela, karaqis dRveba, yvelis amoyvana <strong>da</strong> Sinauricxovelis <strong>da</strong>kvla maT saqmianobaSi Sedio<strong>da</strong>. puriscxoba, ludis xarSva, qsovilebisa <strong>da</strong> tansacmlis kervaagreTve <strong>qalebi</strong>s funqcia iyo. <strong>mamakacebi</strong> saxlebs aSenebdnen,SeSas Cexdnen, saklavs klavdnen, arxebi gahyav<strong>da</strong>T<strong>da</strong> Robes akeTebdnen.ganvixiloT meCvidmete saukuneSi baskeTSi sofladmcxovrebi wyvilis Sromis <strong>da</strong>nawileba. coli riJraJzedgebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> cecxls anTeb<strong>da</strong>. misi qmari <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qiravebulimosamsaxure kaci isev loginSi iwvnen, sanam qalisauzmes moamzadeb<strong>da</strong>. mas Semdeg, rac kacebi mindorsmiaSurebdnen, sa<strong>da</strong>c TesviT, barviT, xvniT <strong>da</strong> mosavlisaRebiT iyvnen <strong>da</strong>kavebulni, coli saxls alageb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sadils amzadeb<strong>da</strong>, sadilobis dros Tavad fexze idga <strong>da</strong>mamakacebs awvdi<strong>da</strong> kerZs. naSuadRevs qali Tavis meuRlesa<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qiravebul muSas mindorSi exmarebo<strong>da</strong> manam,sanam vaxSamis momzadebis dro ar movido<strong>da</strong>. saRamosqmari, SesaZloa, raime iaraRis SekeTebiT <strong>da</strong>kavebuliyoan soflis tavernisTvis mieSurebina. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT saRamosTerTmeti saaTisaTvis coli lamfis Suqs Caaqrob<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong> qmarTan erTad logins miaSureb<strong>da</strong> (Shorter 1975:67-72).44
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