qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi qalebi da mamakacebi samsaxurSi
akrZaluli an Ria. garda amisa genderi ufro metadurTierTobis fonze `moCvenebaa~, vidre xazgasma, Tu raxdeba sinamdvileSi (Martin 2001; Ridgeway and Correll2000). zogjer muSebi aSkarad iyeneben genders raTagaaZlieron uTanasworoba. mamakacTa upiratesoba SeiZlebadasabuTdes sityvebiT, romlebiTac mamakaci mosamarTleebimoixsenieben qalebs, rogorc `kaxpebs, katebsada agresiul dedakacebs~ (Padavic and Orcutt 1997:694),an martoxela qali eleqtrikosis magaliTze, romelmacabazanis kedelze aRmoaCina warwera: `gaJimuli lesbiankaeleqtrikosi kaxpa~ (Eisenberg 1998:81).eleqtro sadgurze mosamsaxure erTaderTma qalmagancxadebebis dafaze aseTi CamonaTvali dainaxa: `ocimizezi, ratom sjobs ludi qals~. am CamonaTvalis calkeulipunqti amcirebda da seqsualur WrilSi warmoaCendaqalebs (`Sen yovelTvis ici, rom pirvelma gaxseniludis qila~; `roca ludi Zalas kargavs, yovel-Tvis SegiZlia moisrolo~). CamonaTvali qals axsenebda,rom igi mamakacebis teritoriaze imyofeboda, sadacmisi TanamSromlebi qalebs mxolod sqesobrivi ltolvissagnad aRiqvamdnen (Padavic 1991).genderi qalebsac SeaqvT samuSao adgilas. zogjerqalebi amas maT mamakac partniorebsa da bavSvebzeambebis TxrobiT an qorwilebisa da bavSvis dabadebisaRniSvniT axerxeben. amgvari istoriebi xels uwyobstrabaxs qmrebis warmatebebiT; zogierTi ki SeiZlebagmobs mamakacebs, magaliTad, mravali amocanis SemTxvevaSimamakacis arakompetenturobis aRweriT. xorckombinatSimomuSave qalebma dascines TavianT xelmZRvanelsstereotipuli mamakacuri atributebis arqonisgamo: `o, klaid, zizRiT aRmoxda anas, klaids sakuTarimanqanis SekeTebac ki ar SeuZlia~ (Fink 1998:31).37
genderis Camoyalibeba qalebs agreTve tradiciuligenderuli rolebis gansazRvriT SeuZliaT 3 . meqsikaSiqarxnis mosamsaxure qalebis samsaxurisaken mgzavrobisas,roca avtobusSi mamakaci amovida erT-erTi sociologiavtobusSi Semdeg fenomens Seeswro:`isini kicxavdnen da amasxaravebdnen mas... kocnassTavazobdnen da sTxovdnen gaeRima. erTmaneTs siciliTuziarebdnen misi garegnobis Sesaxeb SeniSvnebs da Ses-Tavazes latareac ki eTamaSaT, raTa sabolood gaerkviaT,Tu vis darCeboda igi~ (Fernandez-Kelly 1983:131-2).rogorc qali, aseve mamakaci mosamsaxureebi gendersagreTve maTi damsaqmeblebisaTvis winaaRmdegobisgasawevadac iyeneben. kompaniebs politika, romliTacqalebis ojaxebze orientirebulobis waxalisebas cdilobdnen,ukan SemoubrundaT, rodesac muSebs sTxoves,rom wvrTnisaTvis hong kongidan CineTis ZiriTad teritoriazegadasuliyvnen. qalebi, romlebsac wasvla arsurdaT ambobdnen, rom saxls gareT Ramis gaTenebaewinaaRmdegeboda maT, rogorc colebisa da dedebismovaleobebs (Lee 1997:131). amis msgavsad profkavSirebismamakacma wevrebma sxva muSebs wasaxalisebladSTaagones mamakacuri Rirsebis grZnoba, raTa mmar-Tvelobis winaaRmdeg gaerTianebuliyvnen.malaiziaSi qarxanaSi momuSave zogierTi qali isteriasawyobda, TiTqos `boroti sulis mier iyo Sepyrobili~(Ong 1986). erT-erTi aseTi SemTxvevisas qaliqviTinebda, icinoda, kioda da Tavis samuSao mowyobilobasmanamde urtyamda, vidre misma ufrosma Sin argauSva. amgvari afeTqebebi qalebs saSualebas aZlevdaSeewyvitaT muSaoba da maT mamakac ufrosebsac kidasxmodnen Tavs (Ong 1986:207).saerTo jamSi SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom damsaqmeblebi38
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriaqalebi d
- Page 3 and 4: nelobaa iseTi saqmianoba, romelic s
- Page 5 and 6: erTveboda Sromis am axal saxeobaSi,
- Page 7 and 8: is mainc am sistemis uTanasworobis
- Page 9 and 10: pologma geil rabinma (1975:178) Tqv
- Page 11 and 12: maxasiaTeblebis (rogorebicaa rasa,
- Page 13 and 14: sxvavebebs, anu genderirebaSi arian
- Page 15 and 16: (Kovalevski and Bennett 1989). momd
- Page 17 and 18: odesac warmoeba moiTxovs, qalebi da
- Page 19 and 20: amasTanave es Sedis mamakacTa inter
- Page 21 and 22: alebiT, amgvar gaufasurebas SeuZlia
- Page 24 and 25: nobisa da gaTxovebisken, kompania a
- Page 28 and 29: da mSromelebi samsaxurSi genderul d
- Page 30 and 31: individebi. samuSao adgilTa mixedvi
- Page 32 and 33: II Tavigenderizebuli Sroma drosa da
- Page 34 and 35: indusitrializaciamde Sinamosamsaxur
- Page 36 and 37: xelosnebi. industrializaciamdeli wa
- Page 38 and 39: anazRaurebaze momuSave muSebi, adam
- Page 40 and 41: qalebisa da bavSvebis daqiravebas i
- Page 42 and 43: da codvebisgan ganaridebdnen (Lerne
- Page 44 and 45: Rirseulad Seinaxos ojaxi, isev jent
- Page 46 and 47: sqesis niSniT Sromis gadanawileba R
- Page 48 and 49: sazriss, rom saSinao saqmianoba qal
- Page 50 and 51: am rasobriv da eTnikur jgufebs Sori
- Page 52 and 53: uxilavi da socialurad gaufasurebuli
- Page 54 and 55: ze dabalia muslimanur sazogadoebebS
- Page 56 and 57: faravs verc profkavSirebi da verc S
- Page 58 and 59: gamosaxuleba 2.2. qalTa ekonomikuri
- Page 60 and 61: mravalerovani korporaciebi (MNC) uk
- Page 62 and 63: dasasrul unda iTqvas, rom globaluri
- Page 64 and 65: 6. gaerTianebuli erebis mosaxleobis
- Page 66 and 67: • sqesobrivi segregacia - pirveli
- Page 68 and 69: 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi a.S.S.-Si
- Page 70 and 71: `mwvane revoluciam~ (maRalproduqtiu
- Page 72 and 73: daerwmunebinaT imaSi, rom ori sqesi
- Page 74 and 75: • mamakacebi, rogorc ojaxis `namd
akrZaluli an Ria. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa genderi ufro metadurTierTobis fonze `moCvenebaa~, vidre xazgasma, Tu raxdeba sinamdvileSi (Martin 2001; Ridgeway and Correll2000). zogjer muSebi aSkarad iyeneben genders raTagaaZlieron uTanasworoba. mamakacTa upiratesoba SeiZleba<strong>da</strong>sabuTdes sityvebiT, romlebiTac mamakaci mosamarTleebimoixsenieben qalebs, rogorc `kaxpebs, katebsa<strong>da</strong> agresiul de<strong>da</strong>kacebs~ (Pa<strong>da</strong>vic and Orcutt 1997:694),an martoxela qali eleqtrikosis magaliTze, romelmacabazanis kedelze aRmoaCina warwera: `gaJimuli lesbiankaeleqtrikosi kaxpa~ (Eisenberg 1998:81).eleqtro sadgurze mosamsaxure erTaderTma qalmagancxadebebis <strong>da</strong>faze aseTi CamonaTvali <strong>da</strong>inaxa: `ocimizezi, ratom sjobs ludi qals~. am CamonaTvalis calkeulipunqti amcireb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> seqsualur WrilSi warmoaCen<strong>da</strong>qalebs (`Sen yovelTvis ici, rom pirvelma gaxseniludis qila~; `roca ludi Zalas kargavs, yovel-Tvis SegiZlia moisrolo~). CamonaTvali qals axseneb<strong>da</strong>,rom igi <strong>mamakacebi</strong>s teritoriaze imyofebo<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>cmisi TanamSromlebi qalebs mxolod sqesobrivi ltolvissagnad aRiqvamdnen (Pa<strong>da</strong>vic 1991).genderi qalebsac SeaqvT samuSao adgilas. zogjer<strong>qalebi</strong> amas maT mamakac partniorebsa <strong>da</strong> bavSvebzeambebis TxrobiT an qorwilebisa <strong>da</strong> bavSvis <strong>da</strong>badebisaRniSvniT axerxeben. amgvari istoriebi xels uwyobstrabaxs qmrebis warmatebebiT; zogierTi ki SeiZlebagmobs mamakacebs, magaliTad, mravali amocanis SemTxvevaSimamakacis arakompetenturobis aRweriT. xorckombinatSimomuSave qalebma <strong>da</strong>scines TavianT xelmZRvanelsstereotipuli mamakacuri atributebis arqonisgamo: `o, klaid, zizRiT aRmox<strong>da</strong> anas, klaids sakuTarimanqanis SekeTebac ki ar SeuZlia~ (Fink 1998:31).37
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