(cocxldeba) buneba, mcenareuli samyaro, xorbali, qeri, Wva

67gia a bbaRaSvilimelizmatikis s simwiriimwiris s esTetikursTetikuri i meqanizmiwinaqristianuli i warmoSobiarmoSobis s qarTuarTulmusikalur-folkloruusikalur-folklorul l JanrebSiwinaqristianuli warmoSobis qarTul musikalur-folklorul JanrebSierT saerTo niSan-Tvisebas vxvdebiT _ esaa musikaluri CuqurTmebis,anu melizmebis Zalzed Zunwi gamoyeneba, xSir SemTxvevaSi maTisruli ignorireba. am periodis musikaluri ornamentika CanasaxovaniformebiT warmogvidgeba da mis pirvelad saxeebs umartivesi SidamarcvlovaniSemRerebebi Seadgens. Tavisi sisadaviTa da simartiviT uZvelesixanis qarTuli musikaluri CuqurTma cnobili TrialeTisTasis ornamentikas SeiZleba SevadaroT (amiranaSvili, 1961; CubinaSvili,1957).intonaciuri kvdoma-ganaxlebis principiT agebuli musikaluriqsvilisaTvis, esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT, rogorc Cans, usargeblo, annaklebad gamosadeg mxatvrul saSualebebs warmoadgenda melizmebi.am movlenas, vfiqrobT, Semdegi esTetikuri axsna aqvs: roca esTetikuricnobiereba sikvdil-sicocxlis ambivalenturi erTianobis damkvidrebazeamomarTuli da musikaluri saxismetyveleba am ori sawyisisusasrulo ganmeorebis Seuqcevadobis warmoCenaze aris koncentrirebuli,cxadia, aqcentirdeba maTi urTierTgadakveTisa da urTierTSeRwevisprocesi. Selocvebis, miTvlebis, tirilebisa Tu mTiblurebis musikaluristruqtura zedmiwevniT Seesabameba im magiuri msoflmxedvelobiszogad kanonzomierebebs, romlebTan mWidro ideologiurkavSirsac isini amJRavneben. aq msgavsebis principi musikaluri formisada Sinaarsis umZlavresi da universaluri maorganizebeli saSualebaa.musikaluri azri am principiT yalibdeba. musikaluri intonaciaiseve unda mokvdes da aRdges, rogorc mokvdavi da aRdgenadiRvTaeba (maSin, roca simRera am RvTaebisadmia mimarTuli); rogori ganmeorebadobiTada mkacrad Camoyalibebuli ciklurobiT iZinebs (kvdeba)da iRviZebs (cocxldeba) buneba, mcenareuli samyaro, xorbali, qeri, Wvavi,iseve droebiT aResruleba intonirebadi azri, Cabrundeba ,,tonikursaflavSi~ da xelaxla gacocxldeba Semdgom movlinebamde. aseTdros, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, yovelmxriv xazgasmulia kritikuli,gardamtexi momentebi, romelTa gamoxatva Tu uSualo intonaciuriasaxva ,,evaleba~ musikas.

68 gia baRaSviliam mxatvrul-esTetikur samyaroSi, bunebrivia, ver gaCndebodaOsaxeobrivigamravalferovnebisa Tu gamSvenebis esTetikuri dakveTa; arsebiTad,arc araferia gasamSvenebeli Tu mosakazmi. musika Tavis mTavarsaTqmels yovelgvari kazmulobis gareSe, ase vTqvaT, ,,pirdapir~ ambobs.amitomac, igi aRar mimarTavs musikalur CuqurTmebs, anu melizmebs.musikalur-saxeobrivi erTgvarovneba aq TviTkmari mxatvrulesTetikurimodelia. Cveni mosazrebis marTebulobis warmosaCenad,gvsurs, SevexoT urmul-orovelebis, tirilebisa da mTiblurebis melodiurimonaxazebis msagavseba-gansxvavebis sakiTxs da davukavSiroTigi melizmatikis saxeobriv funqcias.qarTul samusiko mecnierebaSi dadgenilia orovelebisa da urmulebisintonaciuri kavSiri mTiblurebTan (aslaniSvili, 1954: 292-293;bardaveliZe, 1942; lamberti, 1938: 31-32; nucubiZe, 1958), romlebic, Tavismxriv, xmiT natirlebis intonaciur plastSi iReben saTaves (aslaniSvili,1956; maisuraZe, 1971). rogorc cnobilia, orovelebSi naTlad ikve-Teba intonaciuri plasti (daRmavali moZraoba diapazonis umaRlesitonidan tonikaSi), rac maTi da mTiblurebis saerTo kilour safuZvelzemetyvelebs. gamovlenilia agreTve orovelebis kavSiri tirilebisada Selocvebis intonaciur samyarosTan. amaze metyvelebs ma-Ti musikaluri enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli deklamaciuri xasiaTi, racerTi tonis mravaljerad gameorebaSi, an intonaciuri saqcevis xazgasmaSiiCens Tavs (am dros musikaluri teqstis yoveli marcvali sityvieriteqstis yovel bgeras emTxveva) (dgebuaZe, 1992).magram, musikalur struqturaSi SemCneuli genetikuri kilo-intonaciurikavSirebis paralelurad, TvalsaCinoa gansxvavebuli niSnebic.qarTveli musikologebis samarTliani SefasebiT, urmul-orovelebibevrad ufro rTuli da mxatvrulad ganviTarebuli musikaluriqsovilis mqone nimuSebia (aslaniSvili, 1956; Jordania, 1971). maTTvisdamaxasiaTebelia gaSlili, farTo sunTqvis, didi diapazonis mqonemelodiebi. socialuri funqciis saxecvlam da sakulto musikaluresTetikuriwridan gamosvlam (rac warmarTuli RvTaebis sagaloblidanSromis simRerad Camoyalibebis process mohyva), biZgi misca melodiisgaSla-gafarToebas, misi reliefis garTulebas. am procesSiswored melizmatikam SeiZina didi gamomsaxvelobiTi funqcia (mag. 1, 2,3, 4).zemoT motanil magaliTebSi naTlad ikiTxeba tirilebis, mTiblurebisada urmul-orovelebis saerTo konstruqciuli ConCxi da kilointonaciurisafuZvlebi. amasTan, aSkaraa isic, rom erT-erT mTavarganmasxvavebel komponents urmulebisa da orovelebis melodiur naxazSigamovlenili musikaluri ornamentacia warmoadgens.urmulebi da orovelebi, dacildnen ra sakulto ritualur msoflaRqmas,icvales Janrobrivi orientaciac. axali Janrobrivi warmonaqmnis

melizmatikis simwiris esTetikuri meqanizmiwinaqristianuli warmoSobis qarTulmusikalur-folklorul JanrebSi69ideur-Sinaarsobrivi safuZveli, rogorc wesi, axal emociur samyarosukavSirdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, axali esTetikuri idealebis Camoyalibebismizezi xdeba. axali esTetikuri idealebi ki axlebur stilur maxasiaTeblebs,anu musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs warmoSobs. Sinaganicalsaxovnebis, saxeobrivi normatiulobis, uSualo mizan-Sedegobriobismusikalur-esTetikuri wridan ,,gamoTavisuflebam~ Sesa-Zlebeli gaxada gamSvenebis, mokazmvis elementebis gaCena.urmul-orovelebSi melizmebi variantuli saxecvlis qmediT saSualebadiqca, Tavad variantuli saxecvla ki, arsebiTad, improvizaciulobiszrdaze metyvelebs. vfiqrobT, musikaluri CuqurTmebi am niSni-Tac gamousadegari unda yofiliyo sakulto (iseve rogorc magiuri)musikaluri azrovnebisaTvis, romelic esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT erTgvarovani,ucvleli saxeobriv-emociuri samyaros damkvidrebaze iyomomarTuli. Cvens mosazrebas adasturebs, erTi mxriv, sakulto JanrisdRemde SemorCenil nimuSebSi Zunwad gamovlenili melizmebi (an xSirSemTxvevaSi maTi ararseboba), xolo, meore mxriv, is faqti, rom sakultoda saweso msoflmxedvelobrivi wridan gamosul, ,,gamoTavisuflebul~da Janrobrivad transformirebul musikalur-folklorul nimuSebSixSirad swored musikaluri ornamentaciis aqtiuri gamoyenebaSeimCneva. es mkafiod Cans rogorc zemoT ganxiluli nimuSebis, ise,,mumli muxasas~ qvemoT motanili ori variantis SedarebiTi analizisas(mag. 5, 6).meore nimuSi Soreuli warmomavlobisaa da xis kults ukavSirdeba,xolo pirveli _ Sromis procesis Tanmxlebia. vfiqrobT, pirveli sim-Rera rom meorisagan unda iyos nawarmoebi, araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs.pirveli simReris konstruqciul ConCxSi meore nimuSis struqturisZiriTadi konstruqciuli formulis SemCneva Zneli ar aris. msgavsebaaintonaciur birTvebs Sorisac. pirveli nimuSis warmoqmna pirveladifunqciis daviwyebis, Janrobrivi saxecvlisa da esTetikuri tendenciebisgaRrmavebis Sedegi unda iyos. sakuTriv musikalur-saxeobriviaspeqtis ganviTareba ki, pirvel rigSi, Tavs iCens melodiis gazrda-gafarToebaSi,xmebis SedarebiT gaaqtiurebaSi, SidamarcvlovaniSemomRerebebis warmoqmnaSi da daxvewil melizmatikur formulebSi.amdenad, vfiqrobT warmarTul religiur-msoflmxedvelobriv sistemebTanpirdapiri TuUiribi kavSiris mqone qarTuli musikaluri folklorisJanrebSi SemCneuli melizmatikis simwire kanonzomieri movlenaada is Cvens mier aRwerili esTetikuri meqanizmiT aixsneba.

70gia baRaSviliSeniSvnebi1Cven viziarebT im mosazrebas, rom orovela Tavdapirvelad momakvdavi daaRdgenadi RvTaebisadmi miZRvnili sagalobeli iyo, romelic yofiT tradiciazedayrdnobiT iqca Sromis simRerad (dgebuaZe, 1992: 45).damowmebuliliteratura:amiranaSvili, Salva. (1961). qarTuli xelovnebis istoria. Tbilisi: xelovneba.aslaniSvili, Salva. (1954). narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb, 1t. Tbilisi: xelovneba.aslaniSvili, Salva. (1956). narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb, 11t. Tbilisi: xelovneba.bardaveliZe, vera. (1942). didi deda nanas kulti. xelnaweri.dgebuaZe, Tamar. (1992). musikaluri azrovnebis uZvelesi Sreebis genetikurisafuZvlebis kvlevisaTvis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Sromis simRerebismagaliTze), sadiplomi naSromi. xelmZRvaneli ev. WoxoneliZe, v. sarajiSvilissaxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, folkloris kaTedra. Tbilisi.lamberti, arqanjelo. (1938). samegrelos aRwera. Tbilisi: federacia.maisuraZe, nino. (1989). qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-eTnografiuliaspeqtebi. Tbilisi: mecniereba.maisuraZe, nino. (1971). aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri kultura. Tbilisi:mecniereba.Jordania, mindia. (1971). `lokriuli kilo qarTul xalxur musikaSi~. sabWoTaxelovneba. #7.nucubiZe, Salva. (1958). qarTuli filosofiis istoria. Tbilisi: saq. ssrmecnierebaTa akademia. t. I. 1956. t. II. 1958.CubinaSvili, giorgi. (1957). qarTuli oqromWedloba. Tbilisi: mecniereba.

76gia baRaSvili. danarTiGia Baghasvili. APPENDIXmagaliTi 4. `urmuli~ (awyuruli)Example 4. Urmuli (Adsquruli) (Araba-driver’s song)magaliTi 5. `mumli muxasa~Example 5. Mumli Mukhasa (Swarms of Midges Attacking the Oak)

gia baRaSvili. danarTiGia Baghasvili. APPENDIX77magaliTi 6. `mumli muxasa~. meore variantiExample 6. Mumli Mukhasa (Swarms of Midges Attacking the Oak). Second Version