q a l i T u r q e T S i

59gsurT daipyroT Cveni qveyana, maSin Semdegnairad unda moiqceT:daamzadeT rkinis lursmnebi eklebiT da TiToeulma Tqvenma meomarmadaimagros Tavis zurgze, Setakebis dros ki unda esrolon mters. MmagramimisaTvis, rom am rkinis eklebma ar daazianon Tqveni cxenebis fexebi,Tqven cxenebs nalebi unda daaWedoT. garda amisa Tqvens mtrebs saxe araaqvT daculi da Tqven SegiZliaT isrebi saxisken mimarToT. oRuzsZalian gauxarda am qalis rCeva da daxmarebis survili. aaSenes gemebi daam qalebTan gaagzavnes elCebi, romlebic gamorCeulad lamazi kacebiiyvnen. am elCebs qalebi mTeli ZaliT daexmarnen da oRuzTan gaatanesyvela saWiro nivTi. zogierTi qali didi siyvarulis gamo am kacebsgahyvnen. es qveyana am gziT iqna dapyrobili” (raSid ad-dini 1987:36).1336 wels msoflioSi cnobili arabi mogzauri ibn-batutaosmaleTis imperiis monaxulebis Semdeg werda, rom Turqebsa daTaTrebSi colebi metad didi uflebebiT sargeblobdnen. ibn-batutamimogzaura qalaq xorezmSic 26 . is gaocebuli darCa qalTa mdgomareobiTda dasZens: “yadis colma – xaTun jija-aRam gamomigzavna 100 dinari,xolo misma dam, emiris colma – Turabeq xaTunma moawyo wveuleba, sadacmowveul iyvnen fakihebi 27 da sasaxlis sxva gamorCeuli pirebi. eswveuleba gamarTul iqna am qalis mier aSenebul zaviaSi 28 ” (ibn batuta1988:4).26 xorezmi – olqi amudariis qveda dinebaSi, romelic ibn batutas mogzaurobisdros Sedioda oqros urdos SemadgenlobaSi. dedaqalaqi iyo urgenCi anxorezmi.27 fakihi [fakih, arab. zmnidan fakiha, “esmoda, erkveoda”, icoda samarTali”] –kanonmdebeli-RvTismetyveli, muslimuri samarTlis – fikhis mcodne. fakihiSeimuSavebs fikhis problemebs, aswavlis mas da fikhis TvalsazrisiT gamoaqvsazri sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva problemaze. fikhis profesiulicodna aucilebeli iyo yadiebisa da moxeleebisaTvis. fakihebi Sua saukuneebSiwarmoadgendnen qalaqis mosaxleobis gavlenian fenas da dResac inarCunebenTavianT gavlenas imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria islamis poziciebi ama Tu imqveyanaSi (jafariZe 1999a: 187).28zavia [“kuTxe”] – qristiani beris senaki, an patara meCeTi, samlocvelo,salocavad gamoyofili kuTxe saxlSi, zogadad RvTismsaxurebis adgili