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22qveynis gareT yofnis dros saxelmwifos mmarTveladac tovebda (beiTsi1978:251).ibn-batutam imogzaura xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze q. alaieSi.mogzauri aRniSnavs, rom qalebi q. alaieSi Tavsaburavis gareSedadiodnen, qalebma mogzaurs da mis Tanmxleb pirebs TavianTi xeliTgamomcxvari puri gaugzavnes. xolo roca mogzaurma datova qalaqi,qalebi tiriliT acilebdnen (ibn batuta 1963:123). aq sagulisxmoa erTifaqti, rom q. alaie aRmocenda yofili bizantiuri qalaqis kalonorosasadgilze, ase rom, aq Zlieri iyo qristianuli tradiciebi da amis gamoxSirad xdeboda islamis dogmebis darRveva.amrigad, Cven davinaxeT, Tu rogor yalibdeboda anatoliisteritoriaze qalis kulti. jer kidev zeda paleoliTis xanaSi qaliaRiqves, rogorc nayofierebis simbolo. neoliTur periodSi dominirebdadedaRmerTis kulti. qalis kulti maRal safexurze Cans antikuriqveynebis kulturis Seswavlisas. ax. w. aR-mde me-4 aTaswleulis bolos,brinjaos xanaSi, mamakacis rolma sazogadoebaSi meti mniSvnelobamoipova. Tumca qali kvlav darCa nayofierebis simbolod da deda-RmerTis kultic agrZelebda ayvavebas. meore aTaswleulis Sua xanebSixeTebis imperiis (Zv. w. XVIIIs-dan XIIIs-mde) dros xeTur samarTalSidaculi iyo qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworuflebianoba. qals gaaCndapolitikuri uflebebic. anatoliis berZnul sazogadoebaSi qalebimniSvnelovani TavisuflebiT sargeblobdnen, gabatonebuli iyomonogamia. romaelTa xanaSi ki qalma ufro meti uflebebi moipova, vidreberZenTa mmarTvelobis dros hqondaT. qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdegreligiur doqtrinebSi wminda RvTismSoblis kulti warmoCnda.XI saukunidan Turq-selCukebma daipyres bizantiis imperiismniSvnelovani teritoria da moxda Turqi qalis asimilacia iq arsebulkulturasTan. im dros Turqi qali aqtiuri iyo rogorc ojaxur, isesazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. qals damoukidebloba gaaCnda socialursferoSic. TurqTa religia iyo Samanizmi, rac dafuZnebuli iyo qalissaRvTo Zalaze. islamamdeli periodis Turqi qali iyo ojaxis ufrosi,bavSvebis aRmzrdeli, religiuri ceremoniebis xelmZRvaneli.
23islamis gavrcelebis Semdeg osmaleTis imperiaSi moxda qalisuflebebis mkveTrad SezRudva imasTan SedarebiT ra uflebebic qalsgaaCnda islamamde. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom yuranma garkveulwilad moxsnamravali gaugebroba, rac islamamde arsebobda qalTan mimarTebaSi daqalis uflebebi CarCoSi moaqcia. islamamde qalTaTvis raime saxisuflebis miniWeba damokidebuli iyo mamakacis calkeulgadawyvetilebaze. yuranSi ki moxda qalTaTvis am uflebebis miniWebismkveTri formulireba.islamis evolucia ganviTarda qalis uflebebis mkveTri SezRudviT.islamis ganviTarebis Sedegad SeizRuda qalTa uflebebi.adgilobrivi Zveli tradiciebi Seicvala SariaTis moTxovnebisSesabamisad. islamma TandaTanobiT qals CamoarTva is uflebebi,romlebic maT manamde gaaCndaT. male qali aRmoCnda damcirebulmdgomareobaSi mamakacTan SedarebiT. Semdgom kanonmdeblobebSi da zne-CveulebebSi ufro da ufro izRudeboda maTi uflebebi.
Page 9 and 10: 9“bizantiis imperiis dros qalebi
Page 11 and 12: 11iafets (iafesi), wilad xvda aRmos
Page 13 and 14: 13Semdegi mniSvnelovani aRiareba iy
Page 15 and 16: 15winaswarmetyveli agreTve ambobs:
Page 17 and 18: 17epoqaSi qali ganixileboda, rogorc
Page 19 and 20: 19aarsebda meCeTebsa da sxva religi
Page 21: 21meTvalyureobis qveS iyo da gadawy
Page 25 and 26: 25selim I -is kanonTa wignis Sedgen
Page 27 and 28: 27damokidebuli iyo qalis socialur m
Page 29 and 30: 29mamakacis adgilas da sifahimac ar
Page 31 and 32: 31faqtobrivad iyo pasuxi misi koleg
Page 33 and 34: 33XVIII saukunis saxelovani poeti q
Page 35 and 36: 353. haremi da misi ierarqia osmale
Page 37 and 38: 37wlis Cerqezi gogona, 15-16 wlis C
Page 39 and 40: 39meqrTameobis kera. haramxana mdeb
Page 41 and 42: 41radganac sultanTan pirispir Sexve
Page 43 and 44: 43MmTavari “Hasseki Sultan”-i i
Page 45 and 46: 45haremis metad korumpirebul fenas
Page 47 and 48: 47naTesavebi da axvedrebdnen 200-md
Page 49 and 50: 49igive faqtze aris yuradReba gamax
Page 51 and 52: 514. valide sultani.qalTa mmarTvelo
Page 53 and 54: 53didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda. dro
Page 55 and 56: 558. handani (1603-1603) mehmed III
Page 57 and 58: 57aseve imeorebs Zvel da popularul
Page 59 and 60: 59gsurT daipyroT Cveni qveyana, maS
Page 61 and 62: 61Soris imperator ioane V paleologi
Page 63 and 64: 63mas Wkvian qalad miiCnevda. aqeda
Page 65 and 66: 65ebraelis, saxelad “kiarezas”
Page 67 and 68: 67miliardi asperi inaxeboda (hameri
Page 69 and 70: 69sultans adanaSaulebdnen didZali f
Page 71 and 72: 71“regentobis xanis” aRsaniSnav
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73gamyarda, radganac man SeZlo swra
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75aeyvanaT da sazeimo ceremonia meC
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77balansi didad iyo damokidebuli su
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79Tvlida Tavis TiToeul nabijs, rogo
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81sultans acnoba, ris Sedegadac mox
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83axali sultani gaxda ibrahimis 7 w
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85mniSvnelovani gavlenis qveS. l. k
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87mamakaci iyo. ceremonia iyo simbo
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89vercxlisa da oqros foTlebiT morTu
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916. qalis statusi osmalurisaojaxo
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93memkvidreobiT gadacema. “mahri
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957. qali da qvelmoqmedeba osmaleTi
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97Camomavali qalebi iyvnen didmasSt
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99kargi cxeni. is saukeTeso, morwmu
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101Sadrevnebi” (zarinebafi 2002:5
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103colis yola sxva mizeziTac iyo ga
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105mesakuTris qonebidan. berklis mi
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107da gaTxovebis Semdegac mas Sors
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109yofila qoseleris fermis da saxle
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111Cven vigebT, rom haje hanimi xel
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113umaRlesi titulis - hajis mflobel
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115maRaziebic, romlis xSiri stumreb
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117sultan Mmustafa II-is (1695-1703
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119faravda da mxolod Tvalebi uCanda
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121sasamarTlos Canawerebidan vgebul
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123sainteresoa XVIII s-is kaiseris
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125skolebSi. 1880-iani wlebidan sko
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127gogonebi ukve CarSafiT dadiodnen
Page 129 and 130:
129Tavi III1. qali TurqeTis respubl
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131mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba sazoga
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133qemalistebis mxridan Zveli tradi
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1352002:567). saintereso iqneba Tu
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137Tanaxmad TurqeTSi Cadris mtarebe
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139qsovilis an pirsaxocis naWers, r
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141mravalcolianobis SemTxvevebi. ad
Page 143 and 144:
143ibeWdeboda dasavlel mweralTa sxv
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145tradiciulma religiurma feministu
Page 147 and 148:
147adgilobrivma qalma. zeims Tan ax
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149“Kadinca”, romelic dResac ga
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151cxovrebaSi yvelasaTvis gza xsnil
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153j a n m r T e l o b a1926w. abor
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155p o l i t i k a1923w. qalTa ufle
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1571995w. TurqeTma monawileoba miiR
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159winaislamur epoqaSi qali ganixil
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161valide sultani mogvevlina, rogor
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163tansacmlis evropuli kabiT Canacv
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165TurqeTSi qalTa aqtiurobis done s
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167Tursun bei 1997ibn batuta 1963ib
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169sadr ad-dini 1980selaniqi 19892
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171yurani 2006yurani. Targmna da ko
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173aqilmazi 2002aaqilmazi 2002bahma
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175gelovani 2005gelovani 2003gelova
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177valCi 1970Walch, R., XVII. Yűzy
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179kinrosi 1997kinrosi 2002krutie 1
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181Новичев А.Д. Рефор
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183svaniZe m., osmaleTis istoria. t
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185qalis ... 1999qaflani 2002qirqi
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187joSari f.m., qalebi Turqul sazog
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189valide sultnebi 2009varnqlifi 18
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191panaiotova 2008rahmani 2002renda
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193qalis Casacmeliqesqini 2009qosem
Page 195:
195haremi da osmalo qalebi. haremis
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