q a l i T u r q e T S i
q a l i T u r q e T S i q a l i T u r q e T S i
122yadis dokumentaciebSi, uxvadaa iseTi qalebis raodenoba, romlebicTavianTi Svilebis uflebebis dasacavad gamodiodnen. istorikosironald jeningsi iyo pirveli, romelmac daamtkica, rom qalebi marTlacar uSindebodnen sasamarTloSi wasvlas da TavianTi da Tavisi Svilebisuflebebis dacvas. anatoliis qalaqebSi mcxovrebma ramdenime qalmasaxeli gaiTqva, rogorc TavianT uflebebis aqtiurma damcvelma.xSirad qalebs gadaecemodaT iseTi mniSvnelovani saqmianoba,rogoric iyo saojaxo administrirebaSi arsebul dawesebulebaTa marTva.am dawesebulebis damaarsebeli daniSnavda Tavis memkvidres, romeliciqneboda an kaci an qali da romelsac unda emarTa esa Tu is meCeTi,skola an Sadrevani, an gamiznulad daexarja fuli raime saRmrTosaqmianobisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom sakmod xSirad es memkvidreebiiyvnen qalebi.“qalebi ufro xSirad maSin xdebodnen dawesebulebaTa mmarTvelebi,rodesac isini iyvnen damaarseblis erTaderTi memkvidre. Sesabamisadisini ganagebdnen am saqmes da Semdgom gadascemdnen TavianT vaJiSvilebsan qaliSvilebs” (faroqhi 2003a:187).yovelive zemoTTqmulis Semdeg unda aRvniSnoT, rom ZiriTadifunqcia ojaxSi mamakacs ekava da maTi statusi ojaxis danarCenwevrebTan SedarebiT amaRlebuli iyo. qalebi mxolod gansakuTrebulSemTxvevaSi iRebdnen monawileobas sxvadasxva sapasuxismgeblosaqmianobaSi, ZiriTadad aseTi saqmianoba iyo wina saqorwinomolaparakebaSi monawileobis miReba. bambis sawarmos fermerTa colebiaqtiurad monawileobdnen qalTaTvis Sromis danawilebaSi. qali aseveamyarebda saWiro kavSirebs, riTic uzrunvelyofda mosavlis gazrdas daamiT ojaxis prestiJsac zrdida. qalebi dakavebulni iyvnen warmoebiTacda ufleba hqondaT yofiliyvnen ojaxis sruluflebianiwarmomadgenlebi socialur sakiTxebSi.XVII s-is burseli yadis Canawerebis mixedviT qalebi metad aqtiurcxovrebas eweodnen. maT Soris iyvnen kaiserSi mcxovrebi qalebi. CvenSegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom qalaqSi mcxovrebi qalebisagan gansxvavebiT,sofleli qalebi CrdilSi idgnen.
123sainteresoa XVIII s-is kaiseris qalTa qoneba. kaiseridan iyoiazgul binT haji hidiri, romlis mamamac imogzaura ierusalimSi. amqalis qoneba Seadgenda 1-2 yuruSs, romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sediodapatara savenaxe miwa, aseve 10 yuruSis Rirebulebis Zvirfasi vercxlisqamari, agreTve 50 yuruSis Rirebulebis oqros brasleti.aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc kaiserSi, ise soflebSi arsebobdnenSeZlebul qristianTa ojaxebi. SeZlebul fenas ekuTvnoda gul anasojaxi. oqrosa da vercxlis ornamentebiani Zvirfaseuloba SeZlebulqristianTa ojaxebisaTvis ar warmoadgenda iSviaTobas.amrigad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Suasaukuneebis osmaleTisimperiaSi mTeli rigi SezRudvebis miuxedavad mainc SeiniSneba qalTasazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi garkveuli aqtiuroba. Tumca, maTgangamorCeulni arian qalaqad mcxovrebi qalebi, sofleli qalebi ki,CrdilSi dganan. qalTa aqtiurobis Sesaxeb informacias metwiladsasamarTlos Canawerebidan viRebT, saidanac irkveva, rom elitaruliwris qalebi Tavisuflad marTavdnen qonebas da monawilobdnenkomerciul garigebebSi. isini, aseve, dakavebulni iyvnenmiwaTmflobelobiT da fulis gasesxebiT. qalsac da mamakacsac Tanabariufleba hqonda sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis, nebismieri saxisSeTanxmebis dadebis da advokatis ayvanis dros. qals xSiradgadaecemoda sasamarTlo administrirebaSi arsebul dawesebulebaTamarTva. mag. meCeTi, skola an Sadrevani. qals SeeZlo fulis gaReba raimesaxis saRvTo saqmianobisaTvis. magram unda aRiniSnos, rom qalebimxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi iRebdnen aseT saqmianobaSimonawileobis uflebas. es xSirad maSin xdeboda roca is damaarsebliserTaderTi memkvidre iyo.
- Page 71 and 72: 71“regentobis xanis” aRsaniSnav
- Page 73 and 74: 73gamyarda, radganac man SeZlo swra
- Page 75 and 76: 75aeyvanaT da sazeimo ceremonia meC
- Page 77 and 78: 77balansi didad iyo damokidebuli su
- Page 79 and 80: 79Tvlida Tavis TiToeul nabijs, rogo
- Page 81 and 82: 81sultans acnoba, ris Sedegadac mox
- Page 83 and 84: 83axali sultani gaxda ibrahimis 7 w
- Page 85 and 86: 85mniSvnelovani gavlenis qveS. l. k
- Page 87 and 88: 87mamakaci iyo. ceremonia iyo simbo
- Page 89 and 90: 89vercxlisa da oqros foTlebiT morTu
- Page 91 and 92: 916. qalis statusi osmalurisaojaxo
- Page 93 and 94: 93memkvidreobiT gadacema. “mahri
- Page 95 and 96: 957. qali da qvelmoqmedeba osmaleTi
- Page 97 and 98: 97Camomavali qalebi iyvnen didmasSt
- Page 99 and 100: 99kargi cxeni. is saukeTeso, morwmu
- Page 101 and 102: 101Sadrevnebi” (zarinebafi 2002:5
- Page 103 and 104: 103colis yola sxva mizeziTac iyo ga
- Page 105 and 106: 105mesakuTris qonebidan. berklis mi
- Page 107 and 108: 107da gaTxovebis Semdegac mas Sors
- Page 109 and 110: 109yofila qoseleris fermis da saxle
- Page 111 and 112: 111Cven vigebT, rom haje hanimi xel
- Page 113 and 114: 113umaRlesi titulis - hajis mflobel
- Page 115 and 116: 115maRaziebic, romlis xSiri stumreb
- Page 117 and 118: 117sultan Mmustafa II-is (1695-1703
- Page 119 and 120: 119faravda da mxolod Tvalebi uCanda
- Page 121: 121sasamarTlos Canawerebidan vgebul
- Page 125 and 126: 125skolebSi. 1880-iani wlebidan sko
- Page 127 and 128: 127gogonebi ukve CarSafiT dadiodnen
- Page 129 and 130: 129Tavi III1. qali TurqeTis respubl
- Page 131 and 132: 131mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba sazoga
- Page 133 and 134: 133qemalistebis mxridan Zveli tradi
- Page 135 and 136: 1352002:567). saintereso iqneba Tu
- Page 137 and 138: 137Tanaxmad TurqeTSi Cadris mtarebe
- Page 139 and 140: 139qsovilis an pirsaxocis naWers, r
- Page 141 and 142: 141mravalcolianobis SemTxvevebi. ad
- Page 143 and 144: 143ibeWdeboda dasavlel mweralTa sxv
- Page 145 and 146: 145tradiciulma religiurma feministu
- Page 147 and 148: 147adgilobrivma qalma. zeims Tan ax
- Page 149 and 150: 149“Kadinca”, romelic dResac ga
- Page 151 and 152: 151cxovrebaSi yvelasaTvis gza xsnil
- Page 153 and 154: 153j a n m r T e l o b a1926w. abor
- Page 155 and 156: 155p o l i t i k a1923w. qalTa ufle
- Page 157 and 158: 1571995w. TurqeTma monawileoba miiR
- Page 159 and 160: 159winaislamur epoqaSi qali ganixil
- Page 161 and 162: 161valide sultani mogvevlina, rogor
- Page 163 and 164: 163tansacmlis evropuli kabiT Canacv
- Page 165 and 166: 165TurqeTSi qalTa aqtiurobis done s
- Page 167 and 168: 167Tursun bei 1997ibn batuta 1963ib
- Page 169 and 170: 169sadr ad-dini 1980selaniqi 19892
- Page 171 and 172: 171yurani 2006yurani. Targmna da ko
122yadis dokumentaciebSi, uxvadaa iseTi qalebis raodenoba, romlebicTavianTi Svilebis uflebebis dasacavad gamodiodnen. istorikosironald jeningsi iyo pirveli, romelmac daamtkica, rom qalebi marTlacar uSindebodnen sasamarTloSi wasvlas da TavianTi da Tavisi Svilebisuflebebis dacvas. anatoliis qalaqebSi mcxovrebma ramdenime qalmasaxeli gaiTqva, rogorc TavianT uflebebis aqtiurma damcvelma.xSirad qalebs gadaecemodaT iseTi mniSvnelovani saqmianoba,rogoric iyo saojaxo administrirebaSi arsebul dawesebulebaTa marTva.am dawesebulebis damaarsebeli daniSnavda Tavis memkvidres, romeliciqneboda an kaci an qali da romelsac unda emarTa esa Tu is meCeTi,skola an Sadrevani, an gamiznulad daexarja fuli raime saRmrTosaqmianobisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom sakmod xSirad es memkvidreebiiyvnen qalebi.“qalebi ufro xSirad maSin xdebodnen dawesebulebaTa mmarTvelebi,rodesac isini iyvnen damaarseblis erTaderTi memkvidre. Sesabamisadisini ganagebdnen am saqmes da Semdgom gadascemdnen TavianT vaJiSvilebsan qaliSvilebs” (faroqhi 2003a:187).yovelive zemoTTqmulis Semdeg unda aRvniSnoT, rom ZiriTadifunqcia ojaxSi mamakacs ekava da maTi statusi ojaxis danarCenwevrebTan SedarebiT amaRlebuli iyo. qalebi mxolod gansakuTrebulSemTxvevaSi iRebdnen monawileobas sxvadasxva sapasuxismgeblosaqmianobaSi, ZiriTadad aseTi saqmianoba iyo wina saqorwinomolaparakebaSi monawileobis miReba. bambis sawarmos fermerTa colebiaqtiurad monawileobdnen qalTaTvis Sromis danawilebaSi. qali aseveamyarebda saWiro kavSirebs, riTic uzrunvelyofda mosavlis gazrdas daamiT ojaxis prestiJsac zrdida. qalebi dakavebulni iyvnen warmoebiTacda ufleba hqondaT yofiliyvnen ojaxis sruluflebianiwarmomadgenlebi socialur sakiTxebSi.XVII s-is burseli yadis Canawerebis mixedviT qalebi metad aqtiurcxovrebas eweodnen. maT Soris iyvnen kaiserSi mcxovrebi qalebi. CvenSegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom qalaqSi mcxovrebi qalebisagan gansxvavebiT,sofleli qalebi CrdilSi idgnen.
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