q a l i T u r q e T S i
q a l i T u r q e T S i q a l i T u r q e T S i
118princesebi Zvirfaseulobas iyenebdnen rogorc simdidris dagrovebiswyaros, romelic SeeZloT gaWirvebis dros gadaednoT da gamoeyenebinaT.“osmaleTis imperiaSi qalis mier CarSafis tareba niSnavda misibavSvobis dasasruls. amiT agreTve dasturdeboda, rom is gaTxoviliiyo” (Nicole, 2002: 581).aramuslimi qalebic muslimi qalebis msgavsad icvamdnen.iburavdnen Tu ara isini saxes, damokidebuli iyo im adgilze, sadacisini cxovrobdnen, an maT statusze. balkaneTsa da stambolSi qalebssaxis sul mcire naxevari ar hqondaT dafaruli, Tumca aseTi SemTxvevagamonaklisi iyo. aTenSi, axalgazrda, dasaojaxebeli qalebi atarebdnenCadrs da mxolod daojaxebulebi aCendnen TavianT saxes (maqkenzi 1992:64).somxeTsa da aRmosavleT anatoliaSi, aseve kavkasiaSi, qalebi muslimTamsgavsad Cadrs atarebdnen. Tumca evropel istorikosTa cnobiT XVI-XVIIss. garkveul regionebSi iyo gamonaklisebi. XVI saukunis osmalurminiatiurebSi vxvdebiT rogorc CadriT, ise mis gareSe qristian qalebs(renda 2001).evropeli maRali wris qalebi epatiJebodnen SeZlebuli ojaxebisosmalo qalebs da aswavlidnen frangul, inglisur da germanul enebs.Sedegad enis codna osmalo qals exmareboda evropuli modis Sesaxebcodnis miRebaSi.Ppirveli osmalo qalebi, romlebmac aiTvises evropuli moda,iyvnen samefo dinastiidan an SeZlebuli ojaxebidan.Uunda aRiniSnos, rom“evropuli tansacmliT osmaluri tansacmlis Canacvleba erTbaSad armomxdara. Tavidan osmalo qalebma daiwyes evropuli aRWurvilobisxmareba, magaliTad, xelTaTmanis, windis. Nnelnela tradiciuliTurquli mosasxami evropulma kabam Secvala” (Nicole, 2002: 583).osmalo qali evropul tansacmels ZiriTadad parizSi yidulobda,sadac Tavad dadioda, an naTesavs abarebda. zogierTi qali kistambolSive akerinebda kabas evropel mkeravebs.amgvarad, qalis samosi osmaleTis imperiaSi maTi socialuristatusis gamomxatveli iyo. Turqi qalis ZiriTadi Casacmeli iyo faraja,romelsac is ZiriTadad saxlis gareT icvamda da “başmak”-i (fexsacmeli),Tavze ki Tavsaburavi exura da mas “yaşmak” erqva, rac qalis mTel saxes
119faravda da mxolod Tvalebi uCanda. mdidar qalTa Cacmuloba, rogorczemoT aRvniSneT, gamorCeuli iyo. maT Zvirfasi naWrisagan Sekerilitansacmeli emosaT, maTi samkaulebi da Tavsaburavi Zvirfasi TvlebiTiyo Semkuli. pirveli osmalo qalebi, romlebmac aiTvises evropulimoda, samefo dinastiidan an SeZlebuli ojaxebidan iyvnen. nel-nelaosmaleTis imperiaSi xdeboda tradiciuli Turquli tansacmlisevropuli kabiT Canacvleba. XIX saukunis bolos farajam daTavsaburavma gaqroba daiwyo. 1908 wlis revoluciis Semdeg TurqeTSimkveTri cvlilebebi moxda Turqi qalis CasacmelTan dakavSirebiT.sabolood ki TurqeTSi evropuli moda damkvidrda.
- Page 67 and 68: 67miliardi asperi inaxeboda (hameri
- Page 69 and 70: 69sultans adanaSaulebdnen didZali f
- Page 71 and 72: 71“regentobis xanis” aRsaniSnav
- Page 73 and 74: 73gamyarda, radganac man SeZlo swra
- Page 75 and 76: 75aeyvanaT da sazeimo ceremonia meC
- Page 77 and 78: 77balansi didad iyo damokidebuli su
- Page 79 and 80: 79Tvlida Tavis TiToeul nabijs, rogo
- Page 81 and 82: 81sultans acnoba, ris Sedegadac mox
- Page 83 and 84: 83axali sultani gaxda ibrahimis 7 w
- Page 85 and 86: 85mniSvnelovani gavlenis qveS. l. k
- Page 87 and 88: 87mamakaci iyo. ceremonia iyo simbo
- Page 89 and 90: 89vercxlisa da oqros foTlebiT morTu
- Page 91 and 92: 916. qalis statusi osmalurisaojaxo
- Page 93 and 94: 93memkvidreobiT gadacema. “mahri
- Page 95 and 96: 957. qali da qvelmoqmedeba osmaleTi
- Page 97 and 98: 97Camomavali qalebi iyvnen didmasSt
- Page 99 and 100: 99kargi cxeni. is saukeTeso, morwmu
- Page 101 and 102: 101Sadrevnebi” (zarinebafi 2002:5
- Page 103 and 104: 103colis yola sxva mizeziTac iyo ga
- Page 105 and 106: 105mesakuTris qonebidan. berklis mi
- Page 107 and 108: 107da gaTxovebis Semdegac mas Sors
- Page 109 and 110: 109yofila qoseleris fermis da saxle
- Page 111 and 112: 111Cven vigebT, rom haje hanimi xel
- Page 113 and 114: 113umaRlesi titulis - hajis mflobel
- Page 115 and 116: 115maRaziebic, romlis xSiri stumreb
- Page 117: 117sultan Mmustafa II-is (1695-1703
- Page 121 and 122: 121sasamarTlos Canawerebidan vgebul
- Page 123 and 124: 123sainteresoa XVIII s-is kaiseris
- Page 125 and 126: 125skolebSi. 1880-iani wlebidan sko
- Page 127 and 128: 127gogonebi ukve CarSafiT dadiodnen
- Page 129 and 130: 129Tavi III1. qali TurqeTis respubl
- Page 131 and 132: 131mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba sazoga
- Page 133 and 134: 133qemalistebis mxridan Zveli tradi
- Page 135 and 136: 1352002:567). saintereso iqneba Tu
- Page 137 and 138: 137Tanaxmad TurqeTSi Cadris mtarebe
- Page 139 and 140: 139qsovilis an pirsaxocis naWers, r
- Page 141 and 142: 141mravalcolianobis SemTxvevebi. ad
- Page 143 and 144: 143ibeWdeboda dasavlel mweralTa sxv
- Page 145 and 146: 145tradiciulma religiurma feministu
- Page 147 and 148: 147adgilobrivma qalma. zeims Tan ax
- Page 149 and 150: 149“Kadinca”, romelic dResac ga
- Page 151 and 152: 151cxovrebaSi yvelasaTvis gza xsnil
- Page 153 and 154: 153j a n m r T e l o b a1926w. abor
- Page 155 and 156: 155p o l i t i k a1923w. qalTa ufle
- Page 157 and 158: 1571995w. TurqeTma monawileoba miiR
- Page 159 and 160: 159winaislamur epoqaSi qali ganixil
- Page 161 and 162: 161valide sultani mogvevlina, rogor
- Page 163 and 164: 163tansacmlis evropuli kabiT Canacv
- Page 165 and 166: 165TurqeTSi qalTa aqtiurobis done s
- Page 167 and 168: 167Tursun bei 1997ibn batuta 1963ib
119faravda da mxolod Tvalebi uCanda. mdidar qalTa Cacmuloba, rogorczemoT aRvniSneT, gamorCeuli iyo. maT Zvirfasi naWrisagan Sekerilitansacmeli emosaT, maTi samkaulebi da Tavsaburavi Zvirfasi TvlebiTiyo Semkuli. pirveli osmalo qalebi, romlebmac aiTvises evropulimoda, samefo dinastiidan an SeZlebuli ojaxebidan iyvnen. nel-nelaosmaleTis imperiaSi xdeboda tradiciuli Turquli tansacmlisevropuli kabiT Canacvleba. XIX saukunis bolos farajam daTavsaburavma gaqroba daiwyo. 1908 wlis revoluciis Semdeg TurqeTSimkveTri cvlilebebi moxda Turqi qalis CasacmelTan dakavSirebiT.sabolood ki TurqeTSi evropuli moda damkvidrda.