q a l i T u r q e T S i
q a l i T u r q e T S i q a l i T u r q e T S i
116mehmedis) da daaxloebiT 3,500 axCa Rirda, zogierTi ki 4,000 axCa, esTavsaburavebi Seicavda oqrosa da vercxlis naWrebis dekoracias.aRsaniSnavia, rom sultanfaSa binT haji muradis meuRles, metadZvirfasi kaftani hqonda, romelic Seicavda girCis, abreSumisa davelvetis qsovilebs oqrosa da vercxlTan erTad. misi fasi 700 axCasSeadgenda, romelic ufro Zvirfasi iyo, vidre nebismieri samkauli. aseTiZvirfasi nivTi gaaCnda haTunbegi binT hoja huseins, romelic iyo 800axCamde Rirebulebis. XVI saukuneSi osmaluri administracia mkacradakontrolebda vercxlis Zafis warmoebas, magram XV-XVI ss-Si mamakacebiufro advilad aZlevdnen Tavs uflebas Zvirfasi farCis qsoviliTSeemosaT TavianTi qalebi.“sasaxlis qali atarebda Tmebis mosarTavebs, romlebic TavianTiTmebisagan iyo damzadebuli da erqva “hotoz” an “yemen”, aseve sxvamosarTavi naWrebisagan” (faroqhi 2003a:66). sasaxlis qali fexze icvamdafexsacmels an saRamos Custebs, romlebic sxvadasxva feris tyavisaganiyo damzadebuli da morTuli iyo oqroTi da vercxliT, xSirad kibriliantisa da margalitis TvlebiT.“Zvirfasi Tvlebis ornamentebiT iyo morTuli mdidari qalebisyeli da mklavebi. mdidari qalebi misdevdnen parizul modas, TandaTanki evropuli moda mTlianad Caenacvla adgilobriv modas” (qalisCasacmeli).mniSvnelovani iyo is faqti, rom sasaxlis mdidari da gavlenianiqalebi atarebdnen gvirgvinis msgavs qudis mosarTav frTebs (plumaJi,jiRa), aseTsave mosarTav frTebs atarebda sultanic da es iyoZalauflebis simbolo. sultani aseT mosarTavebs saCuqradac arigebda.mdidari qali, Cveulebriv, erTze met qudis mosarTav frTas atarebda,magram xandaxan mxolod erTsac, romelsac imagrebda Sublze an Tavisukana mxares.mdidari osmalo qalebis aRWurvilobaSi Sedioda iseTi ZvirfasiTvlebiT moWedili samkaulebi, rogoricaa brilianti, ameTvisto,kornelia, margaliti. mdidari qalebi aseve atarebdnen margalitis mZivsada oqros jaWvs. XVIII s-is britaneli elCi stambolSi werda, rom
117sultan Mmustafa II-is (1695-1703) cols hafize sultans fexebamde sigrZismZivi ekida, romelic Semkuli iyo margalitisa da briliantis TvlebiT.ledi meri montegiu gaocebuli darCa samkaulebis silamaziTa dafaseulobiT, romliTac stambolis mcxovrebi qalebi TavianT Tavebsamkobdnen. Tumca gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa bursaSi mcxovrebixelosanTa da vaWarTa colebisa da qaliSvilebis mdgomareoba. udavoa,rom yvela qals gaaCnda Zvirfaseuloba. amaTgan yvelaze gamorCeuli iyosayureebi, ZiriTadad oqrosi an vercxlis. SedarebiT mdidar qalebs kies sayureebi gawyobili hqondaT margalitebiT, romelic yvelazepopularuli iyo da savaraudod importirebuli iyo bahreinidan. asevepopularuli iyo brasletebi, ZiriTadad is iyo oqrosi da iyidebodawyvilad. yelsabamebs mohyveboda patara yuTebi, sadac ido yuranisteqsti, Tumca es naklebad popularuli iyo vidre sayure. bursis mdidarqalebs hqondaT Zvirfasi metalis qamrebi. garda vercxlis qamrebisa,agreTve iyo naWris qamrebi, romlebic morTuli iyo vercxlisa damooqrovili maqmanebiT. aseTi naWris qamrebi xSirad Semkuli iyovercxlisa da oqros ZafebiT da xSirad welze Semortymuli moqarguliSarfebiTac dadiodnen qalebi. oqrosa da vercxlis naqargebi iyosxvadasxva dasaxelebis tansacmelze da aseve baliSebsa da saxlisteqstilis sxva nivTebze (faroqhi 2007:108)Cvenamde moaRwia mxolod ramodenime aseTma saxeobam, romlebicinaxeba muzeumebSi da ekuTvnis an sultnis ojaxs, an aRdgenilia XIXsaukuneSi. zogierTi sayure, romelic inaxeba muzeumSi, daTariRebuliaXIX-XX saukuniT da aris ganmeoreba bizantiuri stilisa. CvenamdemoRweuli sayureebi Cven gviqmnian warmodgenas XVIII saukunis qalissamkaulebze.Tanamedrove eTnologiuri gamokvlevebidan CvenTvis cnobilia, romqals SeeZlo gaeyida misTvis qorwilSi naCuqari samkaulebi, raTauzrunveleyo axladSeqmnili ojaxis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. (sirmani1988). dReisaTvis es nivTebi aris ZiriTadad brasletebi. es xdeboda XVIIIsaukunis adreul wlebSi bursaSi. aseve darwmunebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT,rom es brasletebi damzadebuli iyo oqrosagan. Tundac osmalo
- Page 65 and 66: 65ebraelis, saxelad “kiarezas”
- Page 67 and 68: 67miliardi asperi inaxeboda (hameri
- Page 69 and 70: 69sultans adanaSaulebdnen didZali f
- Page 71 and 72: 71“regentobis xanis” aRsaniSnav
- Page 73 and 74: 73gamyarda, radganac man SeZlo swra
- Page 75 and 76: 75aeyvanaT da sazeimo ceremonia meC
- Page 77 and 78: 77balansi didad iyo damokidebuli su
- Page 79 and 80: 79Tvlida Tavis TiToeul nabijs, rogo
- Page 81 and 82: 81sultans acnoba, ris Sedegadac mox
- Page 83 and 84: 83axali sultani gaxda ibrahimis 7 w
- Page 85 and 86: 85mniSvnelovani gavlenis qveS. l. k
- Page 87 and 88: 87mamakaci iyo. ceremonia iyo simbo
- Page 89 and 90: 89vercxlisa da oqros foTlebiT morTu
- Page 91 and 92: 916. qalis statusi osmalurisaojaxo
- Page 93 and 94: 93memkvidreobiT gadacema. “mahri
- Page 95 and 96: 957. qali da qvelmoqmedeba osmaleTi
- Page 97 and 98: 97Camomavali qalebi iyvnen didmasSt
- Page 99 and 100: 99kargi cxeni. is saukeTeso, morwmu
- Page 101 and 102: 101Sadrevnebi” (zarinebafi 2002:5
- Page 103 and 104: 103colis yola sxva mizeziTac iyo ga
- Page 105 and 106: 105mesakuTris qonebidan. berklis mi
- Page 107 and 108: 107da gaTxovebis Semdegac mas Sors
- Page 109 and 110: 109yofila qoseleris fermis da saxle
- Page 111 and 112: 111Cven vigebT, rom haje hanimi xel
- Page 113 and 114: 113umaRlesi titulis - hajis mflobel
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- Page 119 and 120: 119faravda da mxolod Tvalebi uCanda
- Page 121 and 122: 121sasamarTlos Canawerebidan vgebul
- Page 123 and 124: 123sainteresoa XVIII s-is kaiseris
- Page 125 and 126: 125skolebSi. 1880-iani wlebidan sko
- Page 127 and 128: 127gogonebi ukve CarSafiT dadiodnen
- Page 129 and 130: 129Tavi III1. qali TurqeTis respubl
- Page 131 and 132: 131mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba sazoga
- Page 133 and 134: 133qemalistebis mxridan Zveli tradi
- Page 135 and 136: 1352002:567). saintereso iqneba Tu
- Page 137 and 138: 137Tanaxmad TurqeTSi Cadris mtarebe
- Page 139 and 140: 139qsovilis an pirsaxocis naWers, r
- Page 141 and 142: 141mravalcolianobis SemTxvevebi. ad
- Page 143 and 144: 143ibeWdeboda dasavlel mweralTa sxv
- Page 145 and 146: 145tradiciulma religiurma feministu
- Page 147 and 148: 147adgilobrivma qalma. zeims Tan ax
- Page 149 and 150: 149“Kadinca”, romelic dResac ga
- Page 151 and 152: 151cxovrebaSi yvelasaTvis gza xsnil
- Page 153 and 154: 153j a n m r T e l o b a1926w. abor
- Page 155 and 156: 155p o l i t i k a1923w. qalTa ufle
- Page 157 and 158: 1571995w. TurqeTma monawileoba miiR
- Page 159 and 160: 159winaislamur epoqaSi qali ganixil
- Page 161 and 162: 161valide sultani mogvevlina, rogor
- Page 163 and 164: 163tansacmlis evropuli kabiT Canacv
- Page 165 and 166: 165TurqeTSi qalTa aqtiurobis done s
116mehmedis) da daaxloebiT 3,500 axCa Rirda, zogierTi ki 4,000 axCa, esTavsaburavebi Seicavda oqrosa da vercxlis naWrebis dekoracias.aRsaniSnavia, rom sultanfaSa binT haji muradis meuRles, metadZvirfasi kaftani hqonda, romelic Seicavda girCis, abreSumisa davelvetis qsovilebs oqrosa da vercxlTan erTad. misi fasi 700 axCasSeadgenda, romelic ufro Zvirfasi iyo, vidre nebismieri samkauli. aseTiZvirfasi nivTi gaaCnda haTunbegi binT hoja huseins, romelic iyo 800axCamde Rirebulebis. XVI saukuneSi osmaluri administracia mkacradakontrolebda vercxlis Zafis warmoebas, magram XV-XVI ss-Si mamakacebiufro advilad aZlevdnen Tavs uflebas Zvirfasi farCis qsoviliTSeemosaT TavianTi qalebi.“sasaxlis qali atarebda Tmebis mosarTavebs, romlebic TavianTiTmebisagan iyo damzadebuli da erqva “hotoz” an “yemen”, aseve sxvamosarTavi naWrebisagan” (faroqhi 2003a:66). sasaxlis qali fexze icvamdafexsacmels an saRamos Custebs, romlebic sxvadasxva feris tyavisaganiyo damzadebuli da morTuli iyo oqroTi da vercxliT, xSirad kibriliantisa da margalitis TvlebiT.“Zvirfasi Tvlebis ornamentebiT iyo morTuli mdidari qalebisyeli da mklavebi. mdidari qalebi misdevdnen parizul modas, TandaTanki evropuli moda mTlianad Caenacvla adgilobriv modas” (qalisCasacmeli).mniSvnelovani iyo is faqti, rom sasaxlis mdidari da gavlenianiqalebi atarebdnen gvirgvinis msgavs qudis mosarTav frTebs (plumaJi,jiRa), aseTsave mosarTav frTebs atarebda sultanic da es iyoZalauflebis simbolo. sultani aseT mosarTavebs saCuqradac arigebda.mdidari qali, Cveulebriv, erTze met qudis mosarTav frTas atarebda,magram xandaxan mxolod erTsac, romelsac imagrebda Sublze an Tavisukana mxares.mdidari osmalo qalebis aRWurvilobaSi Sedioda iseTi ZvirfasiTvlebiT moWedili samkaulebi, rogoricaa brilianti, ameTvisto,kornelia, margaliti. mdidari qalebi aseve atarebdnen margalitis mZivsada oqros jaWvs. XVIII s-is britaneli elCi stambolSi werda, rom