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1121546 wels fuladi vakfebi Seadgenda stambolis mTliani vakfebis 46%-s.amave dukumentebidan vigebT, rom vakfebs aarsebdnen qalebic. risTvisacisini XVI s-Si arsebuli kanonis Tanaxmad ixdidnen wliur 10%-s (500axCas). Cans, rom am 10%-s (360 axCa) isini uxdidnen meCeTis imams, xolodanarCens (140 axCa) damaarsebels” (zarinebafi 2002:555).vakfebs qalebi ZiriTadad stambolSi aarsebdnen, magram asevemeqaSi, medinasa da ierusalimSi. yvelaze msxvili vakfis mflobelebiiyvnen: nurbanu sultani (murad III-is (1574-1595) deda), safie sultani(mehmed III-is (1595-1603) deda), qosem sultani (murad IV-isa (1623-1640) daibrahimis (1640-1648) deda), haTije sultani (mehmed IV-is (1648-1687) deda),gulnuS emeTulahH sultani M(mustafa II (1695-1703) da ahmed III-is (1703-1730)deda), bezmialem sultani (abdul-mejidis (1839-1861) deda) da bolosferTevnial sultani (abdul-azizis (1861-1876) deda) (ixsanoglu 2006:114).“osmalo qalebis msgavsad XVIII s-is kairoSi mcxovrebi monuriwarmomavlobis mamluqi qalebic mniSvnelovani saqalaqo da sasofloqonebis mflobelni iyvnen, rasac Semdeg isini abandebdnen saojaxovakfebSi. kairos mamluqi qalebi flobdnen vakfebis 25%-s. igivemdgomareoba iyo alepoSi” (zarinebafi 2002:561).irkveva, rom 1546 wlidan moyolebuli vakfTa 36% daarsebuli iyosaSualo fenis warmoSobis qalTa mier. am qalTa didi nawili iyoyofili mona, razec miuTiTebs maTi saxelebi, mag. amine binT abdulah.“binT/bin abdulah” iyo sazogado saxeli, romelic erqvaT mona qalebs ankacebs.amgvarad, am TavSi ganxiluli iyo XV-XVIII ss-is osmaleTisimperiaSi mcxovrebi mdidari qalebis istoriebi. saubari iyo maTsocialur rolze sazogadoebaSi, saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobaze, aRweriliiyo maTi qonebrivi inventarizacia da sazogadoebrivi statusi. isini amdroisaTvis qalisTvis warmoudgeneli simdidris mqoneni iyvnen. amsimdidres gonivrulad marTavdnen da gadascemdnen STamomavlobas.xSirad maTi memkvidreebi maTi qmrebi xdebodnen da isini gardacvlilimeuRlis qonebiT agrZelebdnen cxovrebas. gansxvavebuli iyo mdidariqalis Casacmeli da samkaulebi, romelic maTi socialuri statusisgamomxatveli iyo. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierTi qali muslimTaTvis
113umaRlesi titulis – hajis mflobeli iyo. aqve mniSvnelovania erTifaqtori, yvela zemoT CamoTvlil qalTa am warmatebis ganmsazRvreliiyo maTi socialuri kuTvnileba da warmomavloba.
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9“bizantiis imperiis dros qalebi
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11iafets (iafesi), wilad xvda aRmos
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13Semdegi mniSvnelovani aRiareba iy
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15winaswarmetyveli agreTve ambobs:
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17epoqaSi qali ganixileboda, rogorc
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19aarsebda meCeTebsa da sxva religi
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21meTvalyureobis qveS iyo da gadawy
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23islamis gavrcelebis Semdeg osmale
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25selim I -is kanonTa wignis Sedgen
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27damokidebuli iyo qalis socialur m
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29mamakacis adgilas da sifahimac ar
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31faqtobrivad iyo pasuxi misi koleg
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33XVIII saukunis saxelovani poeti q
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353. haremi da misi ierarqia osmale
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37wlis Cerqezi gogona, 15-16 wlis C
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39meqrTameobis kera. haramxana mdeb
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41radganac sultanTan pirispir Sexve
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43MmTavari “Hasseki Sultan”-i i
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45haremis metad korumpirebul fenas
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47naTesavebi da axvedrebdnen 200-md
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49igive faqtze aris yuradReba gamax
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514. valide sultani.qalTa mmarTvelo
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53didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda. dro
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558. handani (1603-1603) mehmed III
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57aseve imeorebs Zvel da popularul
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59gsurT daipyroT Cveni qveyana, maS
Page 61 and 62: 61Soris imperator ioane V paleologi
Page 63 and 64: 63mas Wkvian qalad miiCnevda. aqeda
Page 65 and 66: 65ebraelis, saxelad “kiarezas”
Page 67 and 68: 67miliardi asperi inaxeboda (hameri
Page 69 and 70: 69sultans adanaSaulebdnen didZali f
Page 71 and 72: 71“regentobis xanis” aRsaniSnav
Page 73 and 74: 73gamyarda, radganac man SeZlo swra
Page 75 and 76: 75aeyvanaT da sazeimo ceremonia meC
Page 77 and 78: 77balansi didad iyo damokidebuli su
Page 79 and 80: 79Tvlida Tavis TiToeul nabijs, rogo
Page 81 and 82: 81sultans acnoba, ris Sedegadac mox
Page 83 and 84: 83axali sultani gaxda ibrahimis 7 w
Page 85 and 86: 85mniSvnelovani gavlenis qveS. l. k
Page 87 and 88: 87mamakaci iyo. ceremonia iyo simbo
Page 89 and 90: 89vercxlisa da oqros foTlebiT morTu
Page 91 and 92: 916. qalis statusi osmalurisaojaxo
Page 93 and 94: 93memkvidreobiT gadacema. “mahri
Page 95 and 96: 957. qali da qvelmoqmedeba osmaleTi
Page 97 and 98: 97Camomavali qalebi iyvnen didmasSt
Page 99 and 100: 99kargi cxeni. is saukeTeso, morwmu
Page 101 and 102: 101Sadrevnebi” (zarinebafi 2002:5
Page 103 and 104: 103colis yola sxva mizeziTac iyo ga
Page 105 and 106: 105mesakuTris qonebidan. berklis mi
Page 107 and 108: 107da gaTxovebis Semdegac mas Sors
Page 109 and 110: 109yofila qoseleris fermis da saxle
Page 111: 111Cven vigebT, rom haje hanimi xel
Page 115 and 116: 115maRaziebic, romlis xSiri stumreb
Page 117 and 118: 117sultan Mmustafa II-is (1695-1703
Page 119 and 120: 119faravda da mxolod Tvalebi uCanda
Page 121 and 122: 121sasamarTlos Canawerebidan vgebul
Page 123 and 124: 123sainteresoa XVIII s-is kaiseris
Page 125 and 126: 125skolebSi. 1880-iani wlebidan sko
Page 127 and 128: 127gogonebi ukve CarSafiT dadiodnen
Page 129 and 130: 129Tavi III1. qali TurqeTis respubl
Page 131 and 132: 131mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba sazoga
Page 133 and 134: 133qemalistebis mxridan Zveli tradi
Page 135 and 136: 1352002:567). saintereso iqneba Tu
Page 137 and 138: 137Tanaxmad TurqeTSi Cadris mtarebe
Page 139 and 140: 139qsovilis an pirsaxocis naWers, r
Page 141 and 142: 141mravalcolianobis SemTxvevebi. ad
Page 143 and 144: 143ibeWdeboda dasavlel mweralTa sxv
Page 145 and 146: 145tradiciulma religiurma feministu
Page 147 and 148: 147adgilobrivma qalma. zeims Tan ax
Page 149 and 150: 149“Kadinca”, romelic dResac ga
Page 151 and 152: 151cxovrebaSi yvelasaTvis gza xsnil
Page 153 and 154: 153j a n m r T e l o b a1926w. abor
Page 155 and 156: 155p o l i t i k a1923w. qalTa ufle
Page 157 and 158: 1571995w. TurqeTma monawileoba miiR
Page 159 and 160: 159winaislamur epoqaSi qali ganixil
Page 161 and 162: 161valide sultani mogvevlina, rogor
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163tansacmlis evropuli kabiT Canacv
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165TurqeTSi qalTa aqtiurobis done s
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167Tursun bei 1997ibn batuta 1963ib
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169sadr ad-dini 1980selaniqi 19892
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171yurani 2006yurani. Targmna da ko
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173aqilmazi 2002aaqilmazi 2002bahma
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175gelovani 2005gelovani 2003gelova
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177valCi 1970Walch, R., XVII. Yűzy
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179kinrosi 1997kinrosi 2002krutie 1
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181Новичев А.Д. Рефор
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183svaniZe m., osmaleTis istoria. t
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185qalis ... 1999qaflani 2002qirqi
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187joSari f.m., qalebi Turqul sazog
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189valide sultnebi 2009varnqlifi 18
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191panaiotova 2008rahmani 2002renda
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193qalis Casacmeliqesqini 2009qosem
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195haremi da osmalo qalebi. haremis
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