saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa erovnuli programa

winasityvaoba1993 wels garemos dacvis ministrebis panevrpul konferenciaze(lucerni, Sveicaria) miRebul iqna centraluri da aRmosavleT evropisqveynebis garemos dacvis programa, romelSi dasaxuli miznebismisaRwevad qveynebma aiRes valdebuleba periodulad SeimuSaon daganaxorcielon garemos dacvis erovnuli programa. aseve, 1996 welsmiRebuli kanoni `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ moiTxovs garemos dacvismoqmedebaTa erovnuli programis regularuli, xuTwliani periodiTSemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebas. winamdebare dokumenti am moTxovnebisrealizaciis pirvel mcdelobas warmoadgens.garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa erovnuli programis SemuSavebis procesi1996 wels daiwyo saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministros koordinaciiTa da msoflio bankis finansuri mxardaWeriT.Camoyalibda 9 Tematuri samuSao jgufi, romelTac daevalaTsaqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi ekologiuri problemebis da maTiwarmoSobis mizezebis Seswavla, agreTve rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba amproblemaTa mokle- da saSualovadian periodSi gadasawyvetad. araerTmasamTavrobo uwyebam, samecniero dawesebulebam, arasamTavroboorganizaciam da garemos dacvis sferoSi momuSave ucxoelma daqarTvelma eqspertma Seitana Tavisi wvlili am amocanis SesrulebaSi.samuSao jgufebis mier warmodgenil ekologiur problemaTa da maTigadaWris RonisZiebaTa prioritetizaciis procesi Catarda garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros koordinaciiT da masSiCarTuli iyo yvela Sesabamisi dainteresebuli mxare. garemos dacvismoqmedebaTa erovnuli programis proeqti gansaxilvelad gaegzavnasaqarTvelos parlamentis yvela komitetsa da fraqcias, yvelasaministros, samxareo administraciebs, sxva saxelmwifo daarasamTavrobo organizaciebs. swored maTi SeniSvnebisa da winadadebebisgaTvaliswinebiT momzadda es dokumenti.garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa erovnul programas safuZvlad udevsmecnieruli gamokvlevebi da saxelmwifo angariSebi garemos dacvis iseTsferoebSi, rogoricaa mosaxleobis janmrTeloba garemosmdgomareobasTan mimarTebiT, narCenebis marTva, wylis resursebis marTva,atmosferuli haeris xarisxi, soflis meurneobis, mrewvelobisa daenergetikis seqtorebTan dakavSirebuli ekologiuri sakiTxebi,dasaxlebuli punqtebis miwebis dagegmareba, Savi zRvis ekologiurimdgomareoba da sanapiro zolis marTva, klimatis cvlileba,stratosferuli ozonis Sris daSla, biomravalferovneba, satyeomeurneoba, ekologiuri ganaTleba da mosaxleobis informireba,garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba da instituciuri mowyoba. mopovebuliinformacia, romelsac eyrdnoba es programa, srulad ver asaxavsqveyanaSi arsebul ekologiur mdgomareobas 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSiSeqmnili rTuli politikuri viTarebis, garemos mdgomareobismonitoringis sistemis moSlis da sxva obieqturi Tu subieqturi4

1. Sesavali1.1. qveyanaSi arsebuli pirobebis mokle mimoxilva1.1.1 geografiuli da demografiuli monacemebisaqarTvelo mdebareobs aRmosavleT grZedis 41° - 47° da …CrdiloeTganedis 41° - 44° Soris. mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba ruseTis federacia,samxreTiT _ TurqeTi da somxeTi, aRmosavleTiT _ azerbaijani, xolodasavleTiT _ Savi zRva (ix. suraTi #1). saqarTvelos farTobi 69 700 km 2 -ia. 1997 wlis 1 ianvris monacemebiT, qveynis mosaxleoba 5 423 000 iyo.aqedan daaxloebiT 56% qalaqSi cxovrobda, xolo 44% _ soflad (ix.suraTi #2). saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis _ Tbilisis mosaxleoba 1 235 000-sSeadgenda.saqarTvelos klimati da reliefi mravalferovania. qveynisCrdiloeTiT mdebare didi kavkasionis da samxreTiT mdebare mcirekavkasionis qedebi erTmaneTs lixis qediT ukavSirdeba, ris Sedegadaciqmneba bunebrivi sazRvari, romelic saqarTvelos hyofs kontrastulklimatur zonebad. dasavleT saqarTveloSi batonobs notio hava, SavizRvis sanapiro zolSi klimati subtropikulia, xolo aRmosavleTsaqarTveloSi _ zomieri. dasavleT saqarTveloSi naleqebis saSualowliuri raodenoba 1 000 mm-dan 2 800 mm-mdea, xolo aRmosavleTsaqarTveloSi _ 300 mm-dan 600 mm-mde. klimaturi da reliefuripirobebis mravalferovneba iwvevs ekosistemebis mravalgvarobas.saqarTvelos flora moicavs didi raodenobiT endemur da reliqturmcenareul saxeobebs. qveynis teritoriis 40% tyiTaa dafaruli. tyisumetesi nawili mTebzea Sefenili. tye dablobSi da dabalmTian raionebSiwarmodgenilia iseTi farTofoTlovani saxeobebiT, rogoricaa wifeli,muxa, rcxila da wabli, maRalmTian sartyelSi _ soWiT da naZviT, xoloyvelaze maRalmTian zonaSi _ fiWviT.1.1.2. ekonomikuri mdgomareobasabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde saqarTveloSi cxovrebis done sakmaodmaRali iyo. 80-iani wlebis bolos qveynis mTliani Sida produqti erTsul mosaxleze 2200 aSS dolaris ekvivalents Seadgenda. 1990 wlismonacemebiT soflis meurneobaze modioda mTliani Sida produqtis 29,8%,mrewvelobaze _ 22,9%, xolo mSeneblobaze, transportze,kavSirgabmulobaze da vaWrobaze erTad _ 22,1%. sabWoTa kavSiriscitrusisa da Cais mosavlis udidesi nawili TiTqmis mTlianadsaqarTveloze modioda. aqve iwarmoeboda maRali xarisxis yurZnisa daRvinis mniSvnelovani nawili. soflis meurneobis produqciis didinawili eqsportirdeboda sxva sabWoTa respublikebSi.samrewvelo produqciidan saqarTvelo ZiriTadad awarmoebda kvebisproduqtebs, Carxebs, foladis milebs, satvirTo avtomobilebs,eleqtroZravebs, mineralur sasuqebs, sinTetikur boWkos. qveyanaSi kargadiyo ganviTarebuli samTo-mopovebiTis mrewveloba da mSenebloba.8

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelo mravali politikurida ekonomikuri problemis winaSe aRmoCnda. 1990-1993 wlebSi qveyanaSiadgili hqonda ramdenime eTnikur da samoqalaqo konfliqts. dairRvatradiciuli ekonomikuri kavSirebi yofil sabWoTa respublikebTan,romlebic nedleuliT amaragebdnen saqarTvelos da misi produqciisgasaRebis ZiriTad bazars warmoadgendnen. amis gamo ekonomikurmaaqtivobam iklo. 1990-1995 wlebSi qveyanaSi warmoebuli mTliani Sidaproduqti TiTqmis oTxjer Semcirda. mkveTrad daeca samrewveloproduqciis warmoebis moculoba da 1998 wels mTlian Sida produqtSimrewvelobis wili mxolod 9.2%-s Seadgenda. Semcirda warmoeba soflismeurneobaSic, Tumca gaizarda am dargis wili saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi(ix. cxrili #1). amJamad soflis meurneoba qveynis ekonomikis wamyvanidargia. masze modis mTliani Sida produqtis daaxloebiT 24,8% (1998 w)da am sferoSi dasaqmebulia samuSao Zalis udidesi nawili.ukanasknel periodSi saqarTveloSi politikuri situaciastabiluri xdeba, rac xelsayrel pirobebs qmnis socialur-ekonomikuriganviTarebisaTvis. Seiqmna safuZveli struqturuli reformebisaTvis;gaumjobesda makroekonomikuri maCveneblebi _ inflaciis donem daiwia;oficialuri statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, 1997 wlis ganmavlobaSirealuri mTliani Sida produqti 11,3%-iT gaizarda da erT sulmosaxleze 900 aSS dolaris ekvivalentze meti Seadgina.cxrili #1. mTliani Sida produqti ekonomikis dargebis mixedviT(mimdinare fasebSi: mln. maneTi 1990 w.; mln. lari 1995-1998 ww. )1990 1995 1996 1997 1998mTliani Sida produqti 14965 3694 5300 6432 6849maT Soris:mrewveloba3434 352 547 619 628(procentebSi) 22,9% 9,5% 10,3% 9,6% 9,2%soflis meurneoba 4454 1543 1643 1814 1702(procentebSi) 29,8% 41,8% 31,0% 28,2% 24,8%mSenebloba 1308 82 245 306 394(procentebSi) 8,7% 2,2% 4,6% 4,7% 5,7%transporti da1057 314 334 637 902kavSirgabmuloba(procentebSi) 7,7% 8,5% 6,3% 9,9% 13,2%vaWroba 851 962 1179 1416 1491(procentebSi) 5,7% 26,0% 22,2% 22,0% 21,7%materialuri warmoebis 263 15 84 113 114sxva dargebi(procentebSi) 1,7% 0,4% 1,6% 1,8% 1,7%aramaterialuri warmoeba 2800 219 1084 1226 1280(procentebSi) 18,7% 5,9% 20,4% 19,1% 18,8%wminda gadasaxadebiproduqtebsa da importze798 207 184 301 3389

(procentebSi) 5,3% 5,6% 3,6% 4,7% 4,9%10

suraTi #1. saqarTvelos ruka11

suraTi #2. mosaxleobis simWidrove12

1.1.3. ekonomika da misi kavSiri garemos mdgomareobasTan90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ekonomikis daqveiTebam araerTgvarovanigavlena moaxdina garemos mdgomareobaze _ erTi mxriv, Semcirda bunebrivgaremoze sawarmoTa zemoqmedeba, xolo, meore mxriv, gaizarda maszemosaxleobis zegavlena sakvebi, energetikuli da sxva pirveladimoTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT. arsebuli infrastruqturis(sasmeli wylis miwodebis da sakanalizacio sistemebi, Camdinare wylebisgamwmendi da napirsamagri nagebobebi, saavtomobilo gzebi da a.S.)mdgomareobis gauaresebam xeli Seuwyo garemoze arasamrewveloseqtorebis zemoqmedebis zrdas.ekonomikasa da garemos mdgomareobas Soris kavSiri SemdegSivlindeba:• ekonomikuri aqtivobis Semcirebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad iklosamrewvelo Camdinare wylebiTa da sasoflo-sameurneo SxamqimikatebiTzedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebam. sagrZnoblad Semcirda energetikulida samrewvelo obieqtebidan haeris dabinZurebac;• saxelmwifo mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis adgilobrivorganoebs ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi saxsrebi imisaTvis, rom SekeTdes anaRdges mwyobridan gamosuli sasmeli wylis miwodebis sistemebi daCamdinare wylebis gamwmendi nagebobebi. sayofacxovrebo narCenebisSegrovebis sistema TiTqmis mTlianad moSlilia da narCenebisacxovrebel ubnebSi an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, unebarTvo, saTanadodmouwyobel nagavsayrelebze iyreba yovelgvari daxarisxebis gareSe. ararsebobs narCenebis gadasamuSavebeli an dasaxarisxebeli saSualebebi.sawarmoebsa da kerZo momxmareblebs ara aqvT SesaZlebloba gaiRon amproblemebis gadasaWrelad saWiro Tanxebi;• saxelmwifo kontrolis sistemis Sesustebis gamo, rac nawilobrivekonomikuri mizezebiTaa ganpirobebuli, bunebrivi resursebiTsargebloba xSirad saTanado nebarTvis gareSe xdeba, es ki iwvevsgaremos mdgomareobis gauaresebas, cxovelTa sabinadro adgilebismoSlas da biomravalferovnebis Semcirebas;• ver xerxdeba eroziasTan brZolisaTvis saWiro samuSaoebisdafinanseba, ris Sedegadac mcirdeba nayofieri sasoflo-sameurneosavargulebi;• garemos mdgomareobis gauareseba iwvevs adamianTa janmrTelobisgauaresebas, rac amcirebs samuSao Zalis Sromis nayofierebas.safrTxe emuqreba turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivas, romelicmniSvnelovanwilad aris damokidebuli qveyanaSi garemossijansaReze. saxelmwifo ver uzrunvelyofs garemosmdgomareobis monitoringisa da sxva garemosdacviTi samsaxurebissaTanado muSaobisaTvis saWiro Tanxebis gamoyofas.13

2. garemos mdgomareoba2.1. garemos mdgomareobis gauaresebasTan dakavSirebulidaavadebebi70-ian wlebSi da 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabWoTa kavSirSisocialur-ekonomikuri da sanitariul-higienuri pirobebis, sakvebisa dasasmeli wylis xarisxis da samedicino momsaxurebis gaumjobesebasTanerTad saqarTveloSi adamianTa janmrTelobis mdgomareobacgaumjobesda. Tumca, amis sapirispirod, mzardi warmoebidan datransportidan garemoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevamjanmrTelobisaTvis riskis axali faqtorebi Seqmna.respiratoruli da gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebis SemTxvevebisgaxSirebis erT-erT faqtorad saqarTvelos qalaqebSi haerisdabinZurebis maRali xarisxi iqca. mag., 80-ian wlebSi TbilisSiCatarebulma gamokvlevebma gamoavlina gul-sisxlZarRvTa, bronquli,respiratoruli da alergiuli daavadebebisa da kibos SemTxvevebisraodenobis zrda. qalaqis mosaxleobis 60%-s aqvskarboqsihemoglobinis momatebuli Semcveloba sisxlSi, xolo 25%-s _tyviis maRali Semcveloba sisxlsa da SardSi. respiratorulidaavadebebis sixSire Tbilisel bavSvebSi samjer aWarbebs saSualoerovnul maCveneblebs.saqarTveloSi gaxSirda tuberkulozisa da difteriis epidemiisSemTxvevebi. gansakuTrebiT imata am daavadebebma 1993 wlis Semdeg, racsufTa sasmeli wylis naklebobasTan da sanitariul-higienuripirobebis gauaresebasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli. savalaloa ammxriv didi qalaqebis mdgomareoba. mag., TbilisSi infeqciuridaavadebebis sixSire 2.5-3.0-jer aWarbebs saSualo erovnulmaCveneblebs, hepatitisa ki _ 1.8-jer. 1994 wels dafiqsirda hepatitis312 SemTxveva, ZiriTadad aWarasa da TbilisSi, aqedan 38 adamianigardaicvala. analogiuri SemTxvevebi iyo 1995-1996 wlebSic.gansakuTrebiT didi riskis qveS imyofebian bavSvebi, maTi 70%-isTvisdaavadeba sikvdiliT sruldeba.sakvebis, haerisa da wylis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT saqarTveloSiadamianTa janmrTelobaze moqmedi ZiriTadi damabinZureblebia: koliformisbaqteria da sxva baqteriebi, infeqciuri virusebi, gogirdisada azotis Jangeulebi, mtvris nawilakebi, mZime metalebi (ZiriTadadtyvia, kadmiumi, manganumi da spilenZi), nitratebi da pesticidebi.ukanasknel wlebamde radiaqtiuri nivTierebebi ar ganixilebodamniSvnelovan risk-faqtorad. Tumca es sakiTxi safuZvlianad ar arisgamokvleuli da saTanado Seswavlas moiTxovs, radgan radiaqtiurmasalebsa da narCenebze informacia sabWoTa kavSirSigasaidumloebuli iyo da, Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda dadResac ar arsebobs amgvari masalebisa da narCenebis adamianTajanmrTelobaze zemoqmedebis obieqturi suraTi. bolo dros yofilisabWoTa kavSiris zogierTi samxedro bazis teritoriaze moxdasamxedro mosamsaxureTa radiaciuli dasxiveba, rac iq ukontrolod14

Senaxuli da ganTavsebuli radiaqtiuri nivTierebebiT iyo gamowveuli.15

2.2. wylis resursebi da wylis dabinZurebis wyaroebi2.2.1. wylis resursebisaqarTvelo mdidaria wylis resursebiT. mis teritoriazemiedineba 26060 mdinare, romelTa saerTo sigrZe 59000 km-s aRwevs. ammdinareebis 99,4% mcire sigrZisaa (25 km-ze naklebi). qveyanaSi arsebobsTermuli da mineraluri wylebis mravali wyaro, bevri bunebrivi Tuxelovnuri wyalsatevi. miwisqveSa wylebis mniSvnelovani maragebimoqceulia kirqvuli warmoSobis horizontebSi didi kavkasionisteritoriaze (ix. suraTebi #3 da #4). amasTan, wylis resursebiaraTanabrad aris ganawilebuli da ZiriTadad qveynis dasavleTnawilSia Tavmoyrili.saqarTvelos mdinareebi miekuTvnebian or ZiriTad auzs,romlebsac lixis qedi hyofs. aRmosavleT auzis mdinareebi mdinaremtkvarTan SeerTebis Semdeg kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba, dasavleT auzisaki _ Sav zRvaSi.aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze didi mdinarea mtkvari,romelic TurqeTSi iRebs saTaves, Tbilisisa da rusTavis gavliTazerbaijanSi gaedineba da kaspiis zRvas uerTdeba. dasavleTsaqarTvelos mdinareebs Soris udidesia rioni. igi mTlianadsaqarTvelos teritoriazea moqceuli, didi kavkasionis mTebSi iRebssaTaves da quTaisisa da foTis gavliT Sav zRvaSi Caedineba.hidroeleqtrosadgurebsa da irigaciul sistemebs 43 wyalsacaviemsaxureba. maTgan 35 aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdebareobs.wyalsacavebi did rols asruleben qveynis ekonomikaSi. amJamadsaqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiis 75%-ze meti hidroeleqtrosadgurebSigamomuSavdeba. qveynis aRmosavleT, ufro mSral nawilSi irigaciassasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs soflis meurneobisaTvis.sakmaod didia gruntis wylebis maragi, gansakuTrebiT _ didikavkasionis qveda ferdobebze da axalqalaqisa da marneulisplatoebze. am wyaroebis saerTo debiti 340 m 3 /wm-s aRwevs. mTlianadwyalmomaragebis sistemebi uzrunvelyofen weliwadSi 600 mln m 3sasmeli wylis miwodebas, aqedan 90% gruntis wylebze modis dadaqlorvis garda sxva gansakuTrebul damuSavebas ar ganicdis.zedapiruli wylebi meqanikurad ifiltreba da iqloreba, Tumca bolowlebSi qveyanaSi qloris deficitis gamo sasmeli wylis dezinfeqciasaTanadod ar xdeba.soflis mosaxleoba sasmel wyals individualuri Webidan dabunebrivi wyaroebidan iRebs, maRalmTian raionebSi ki _nakadulebidanac. garda amisa, soflebs emsaxureba mcire simZlavrisadgilobrivi, ´`sasoflo tipis~ wyalmomaragebis sistemebi, romlebicikvebeba rogorc gruntis, ise zedapiruli wlebiT. arsebobsdaaxloebiT 800 aseTi sistema, romelTac ZiriTadad soflebisgamgeobebi da soflis meurneobis organizaciebi marTaven. es16

sistemebi savalalo17

suraTi #3. saqarTvelos hidrologiuri qseli18

suraTi #4. mineraluri da Termuli wylebi19

mdgomareobaSia wlebis manZilze saremonto samuSaoebisCautareblobis gamo. wylis dezinfeqciis saSualebebi, rogorc wesi,mwyobridanaa gamosuli, xolo saTave nagebobebis sanitariuli dacviszonebi saTanadod ar aris daculi, ris gamoc sasmeli wylis xarisxixSirad ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo standartebs.2.2.2. wylis dabinZurebis wyaroebisaqarTveloSi zedapiruli wylebis organuli nivTierebebiT,fenoliT, naxSirwyalbadebiT, spilenZiT, manganumiT, TuTiiTa danitratebiT dabinZureba mniSvnelovnad aRemateba dasaSveb dones. bolowlebamde saqarTvelos dablob raionebSi zedapiruli wylebi Zlieriyo dabinZurebuli qimiuri sasuqebiT, samrewvelo Camdinare dasakanalizacio wylebiT. pirveli ori faqtori sagrZnoblad Semcirdasasoflo-sameurneo da samrewvelo saqmianobis masStabebis Semcirebisgamo. Tumca, savaraudoa, rom wylis auzebis fskerze arsebuldanaleqebSi kvlav didia saxifaTo elementebis (mZime metalebis)koncentracia.amJamad zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis ZiriTad wyaroebswarmoadgens komunaluri sakanalizacio sistemebi, samedicinodawesebulebebi da samrewvelo obieqtebi. sawarmoo Camdinare wylebismoculobis daaxloebiT 10% da komunaluri sakanalizacio wylebismoculobis mxolod 13% iwmindeba normatiulad, gamwmend nagebobebze.gamwmendi nagebobebi savalalo mdgomareobaSia, verc erTi maTgani veruzrunvelyofs Camdinare wylebis biologiur gawmendas, meqanikurigawmenda ki aradamakmayofilebelia. sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi,obieqtebi da usistemod gafantuli, saTanadod mouwyobelinagavsayrelebi zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis kidev erTi wyaroa.saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs saxifaTo narCenebis gadamamuSavebeliqarxnebi. xSirad aseTi narCenebi atmosferuli naleqebiT Cairecxebazedapirul wylebSi.20

2.3. atmosferuli haeris xarisxi da atmosferuli haerisdabinZurebis wyaroebi2.3.1. atmosferuli haeris xarisxi90-iani wlebis dasawyisamde atmosferuli haeris xarisxzedakvirvebebi regularulad warmoebda, magram Semdgom periodSifinansuri problemebis gamo mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. Seikveca rogorcdakvirvebis punqtebis, ise dakvirvebis obieqtebis _ damabinZurebelinivTierebebis raodenoba. Semcirda aseve gazomvebis sizuste dagazomvis Sedegebis sandooba.2.3.2. atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis wyaroebiarsebuli monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi haerisdabinZurebis ZiriTad wyaros satransporto saSualebebidangamonabolqvebi warmoadgens. es gansakuTrebiT exeba qalaqebs, sadacintensiuria avtotransportis moZraoba. ekonomikur daqveiTebasTanerTad mkveTrad Semcirda energetikuli da samrewvelo obieqtebidanmavne gamonabolqvebis saerTo raodenoba.avtotransportihaerSi mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebis Sesaxeb monacemebi mocemulia#2 cxrilSi. am monacemebis Tanaxmad, 1990 wlis Semdeggamonabolqvebis saerTo raodenoba Semcirda ekonomikurdaqveiTebasTan dakavSirebiT. transportidan gamonabolqvebis wiliizrdeboda 90-ian wlebSi da amJamad atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis95%-ze meti avtotransportze modis.saqarTveloSi oficialurad registrirebulia daaxloebiT 418000avtomobili. 1996 wels mxolod 225000-ma gaiara savaldebuloyovelwliuri teqnikuri daTvaliereba. avtomobilebis umetesoba 10-15wlisaa. sabWoTa warmoebis manqanebis ricxvi Semcirda, magram isiniZiriTadad sxva qveynebidan importirebuli Zveli avtomobilebiTSeicvala. avtomobilebis umravlesoba teqnikurad gaumarTavia, racmkveTrad zrdis mavne gamonabolqvebis raodenobas.cxrili #2. mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebi atmosferul haerSi * (aTasitona)1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997transporti 894 584 472 407 363 301 378 395mrewveloba 354 249 186 80 45 25 15 15sul 1248 833 658 487 408 326 393 410* monacemebi asaxavs CO, NO Χ , SO 2 da myari nawilakebis emisiebs.21

saqarTveloSi sawvavis importi ZiriTadad warmoebs rumineTidan,TurqeTidan, saberZneTidan, bulgareTidan, ruseTidan daazerbaijanidan. statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, 1995-1996 wlebSityviis Semcveli sawvavis importis wili 26%-dan 2.5%-mde Semcirda,rac msoflio bazarze tyviis Semcveli sawvavis miwodebisSemcirebiTac unda iyos ganpirobebuli. sawvavSi oqtanobis donedabali rCeba.sawvavis xarisxis kontrolis amJamad arsebuli sistema yofilsabWoTa standartebs eyrdnoba. amasTan, sawvavis xarisxisganmsazRvreli mxolod ramdenime laboratoria funqcionirebs. amlaboratoriebSic analizi iSviaTad tardeba, radgan ar arsebobssaTanado aRWurviloba da saerTod mcirea sawvavis Semadgenlobisanalizis Catarebis moTxovna.saqarTveloSi saavtomobilo gzebi metad cud mdgomareobaSia.maTi dabali xarisxi aferxebs avtomobilTa efeqtur moZraobas daxels uwyobs mavne nivTierebaTa emisiis zrdas. sazogadoebrivitransporti, romelic sakmaod kargad iyo ganviTarebuli, saTanadodaRar funqcionirebs. eleqtroenergiis naklebobis gamo saqalaqoeleqtrotransportis momsaxureba metad arasaimedoa. sawvavsa dasazogadoebriv transportze arsebuli fasebi xels uwyobs kerZoavtomobilebis ufro metad gamoyenebas.mrewvelobasaqarTveloSi ekonomikis sruli datvirTviT funqcionirebisashaeris dabinZurebis daaxloebiT 30% mrewvelobaze modioda. warmoebisdacemis gamo es maCvenebeli 5%-mde Semcirda. saWiroa saTanadozomebis miReba, raTa mrewvelobis aRorZinebasTan erTad sawarmooobieqtebidan gamonabolqvebma adrindel dones ar miaRwios.SenobebSi haeris dabinZurebis wyaroebiSenobebSi haeris dabinZureba ZiriTadad gamowveulia navTze,bunebriv airsa da sxva sawvavze momuSave individualurigamaTboblebis gamoyenebiT, rac centraluri gaTbobis sistemismoSliTa da zamTarSi eleqtroenergiis miwodebaSi arsebuliseriozuli SeferxebebiT aris ganpirobebuli.mSeneblobisa da izolaciisaTvis farTod gamoiyeneboda azbesti,magram adre igi adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis sazianod ar iyomiCneuli. dRes am problemis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciaarasakmarisia da sakiTxi Rrma Seswavlas saWiroebs.22

2.4. bunebrivi resursebiT sargebloba2.4.1. energetikuli resursebi90-iani wlebis energokrizisma araerTgvarovani gavlena moaxdinagaremoze: erTi mxriv, Semcirda energetikuli obieqtebidan haerisdabinZureba, xolo, meore mxriv, gaizarda mosaxleobis mier unebarTvoWrebi dasaxlebuli punqtebis axlos mdebare tyeebSi da, zogSemTxvevaSi, parkebSic. eleqtroenergiis arastabiluri miwodeba xelsuSlis garemos xarisxis sistematur monitorings, wylisa da haerisgamwmendi mowyobilobebis funqcionirebas.saqarTveloSi arsebuli energetikuli resursebi SemdegiZiriTadi niSnebiT xasiaTdeba:• qveyanas aqvs navTobisa da bunebrivi gazis mcire raodenobisdamtkicebuli maragebi;• qvanaxSiris maragi mniSvnelovania, magram qvanaxSiris xarisximaRali ar aris;• didia ganaxlebadi resursebis (hidroenergia, biomasa, geoTermuliwylebi, mzisa da qaris energiebi) gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, magramdReisaTvis am resursebis (garda hidroenergiisa) mxolodumniSvnelo nawili gamoiyeneba. hidroenergia ZiriTad rolsasrulebs eleqtroenergiis warmoebaSi, Tumca auTvisebeli rCebahidroresursebis udidesi potenciali;• mZime mrewvelobis moTxovna energiaze arc ise didia;• zamTarSi eleqtroenergiis ZiriTadi nawili gamomuSavdeba amJamadmoqmed erTaderT msxvil _ gardabnis TboeleqtrosadgurSi,romelic importirebul sawvavze (mazuTi da bunebrivi airi)muSaobs. sadguri seriozul reabilitacias saWiroebs. misi moqmedisimZlavre saproeqtoze mniSvnelovnad naklebia, energoefeqturobaki _ Zalze dabali;• miwodebuli eleqtroenergia araefeqturad gamoiyeneba rogorcsamrewvelo, ise sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi, rasac xels uwyobs isfaqti, rom eleqtroenergiis mimwodebeli ver uzrunvelyofs misimoxmarebis kontrols, xolo momxmarebeli ar ixdis an ver ixdismoxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis safasurs.energetikuli da masTan dakavSirebuli ekologiuri mdgomareobisgasaumjobeseblad saWiroa ganaxlebadi resursebis ufro farTodgamoyenebis xelSewyoba. am mxriv prioritetuli unda gaxdes: arsebulihidroeleqtrosadgurebis moqmedi simZlavris gazrda, maTireabilitacia, axali mcire da saSualo sadgurebis mSenebloba;energoefeqturi teqnologiebis gamoyeneba da energodamzogveli23

praqtikis xelSewyoba rogorc sawarmoo, ise sayofacxovreboseqtorSi; mrewvelobis iseTi dargebis ganviTareba, romlebic armoiTxovs did energoresursebs.2.4.2. sasargeblo wiaRiseuli resursebiwiaRiseuli resursebis mopoveba da gadamuSaveba saqarTvelosekonomikis erT-erT wamyvan dargs warmoadgens. qveyanaSi didiraodenobiT moipoveba spilenZi, tyvia, oqro, manganumi, dariSxani,marmarilo da sxva samSeneblo masalebi (ix. suraTi #5). samSeneblomasalebi umetesad qveynis SigniT gamoiyeneba. 90-ian wlebamdeZiriTadad eqsportirdeboda manganumi, romelic saqarTvelos mZimemrewvelobaSic gamoiyeneboda, bolo wlebSi ki misi mopoveba,gamoyeneba da eqsporti mniSvnelovnad Semcirda.amJamad saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs mineraluri resursebisxelaxali saxelmwifo inventarizacia, wiaRiseulis mopovebisa dagadamuSavebis teqnologiebis da simZlavreebis Seswavla. samTomopovebiTisaqmianobis garemoze zemoqmedeba saTanadod ar arisSeswavlili. seriozuli ekologiuri problemebia Seqmnili uravSidariSxanis mopovebasa da madneulSi polimetalebis sabadosdamuSavebasTan dakavSirebiT. ukanasknel wlebSi gaizarda navTobisusistemo mopoveba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, rasac Tan axlavsmopovebis adgilebSi niadagis seriozuli dabinZureba.24

2.5. narCenebis marTvasaqarTveloSi samrewvelo da sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvissistema savalalo mdgomareobaSia. sabWoTa periodSi samrewvelonarCenebis kompleqsuri marTvis sferoSi ar arsebobda organizebulisistema da Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebi. SedarebiT ukeTesimdgomareoba iyo sayofacxovrebo narCenebis SegrovebaSi, razedacpasuxismgebelni iyvnen municipaluri organoebi. narCenebisganTavsebisaTvis oficialurad gamoyofili adgilebis mowyoba dagamoyeneba xdeboda garemosdacviTi da sanitariul-higienurimoTxovnebis gauTvaliswineblad. nagavsayrelebze sayofacxovrebo,samedicino momsaxurebis da samrewvelo narCenebi xSirad ireodaerTmaneTSi.90-ian wlebSi dafinansebis Semcirebis gamo qveyanaSi narCenebisSegrovebisa da ganTavsebis sistema kidev ufro gauaresda. warmoiSvabevri unebarTvo nagavsayreli. xSirad sayofacxovrebo narCenebipirdapir quCebSi iyreba, rac qmnis antisanitariul mdgomareobas dainfeqciuri daavadebebis gavrcelebis did saSiSroebas.ar arsebobs saxifaTo narCenebis ganTavsebisaTvis gankuTvnili,specialurad mowyobili adgilebi. narCenebiT ivseba `droebiTnagavsayrelad~ wodebuli adgilebi da sawarmoTa teritoriebi.2.6. miwis resursebi2.6.1. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebisaqarTveloSi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi daaxloebiT 3 milionheqtars moicavs (ix. suraTi #6). #3 cxrilSi mocemulia 1996 welssasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis ganawileba ZiriTadi sasoflosameurneokulturebis mixedviT.1 mln ha-ze meti anu sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis daaxloebiT 35%degradirebulia garkveul donemde, wylismieri da qarismieri eroziis,ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT araswori sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis,sxva anTropogenuri da bunebrivi procesebis gamo. erozirebuliasaxnavi miwebis 380000 ha, saZovrebisa da saTibis 570000 ha, agreTve SavizRvis sanapiro zolis 87000 ha.eroziis problema gansakuTrebiT mwvavea mTian raionebSi, rasacbunebriv procesebTan erTad xels uwyobs damrec ferdobebze xvna-25

Tesva (daterasebis gareSe), Warbi Zoveba, tyis ukontrolo da usistemoWra.Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi niadagis erozias iwvevs mdinareTakalapotidan gadmosvla.aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi xdeba gaudabnoebis procesisgaaqtiureba Warbi Zovebisa da klimaturi pirobebis (naleqianobisSemcirebis) gamo. gaudabnoebulia daaxloebiT 3000 ha, romelicmoicavs Siraqis, eldaris, ioris, taribanas, natbeuris, naomaris, oles,jairan-Colis velebs, maT gamyof qedebs, zegnebs da kaxeTis qedissamxreT ferdobis umetes nawils.miwis sakmaod didi farTobi Zlier da saSualod damlaSebulia.Zlier damlaSebulia 59220 ha, xolo saSualod damlaSebuli _ 54340 ha.neSompala-sulfaturi niadagebi, romelTac melioracia esaWiroeba,15000 ha-s Seadgens.90-ian wlebSi soflis meurneobaSi Sxamqimikatebis gamoyenebaSemcirda am seqtorSi ekonomikuri aqtivobis Sesustebis gamo. TumcaqimikatebiT niadagis dabinZurebis amJamindeli mdgomareobis amsaxveli,sando monacemebi ar arsebobs.cxrili #3. soflis meurneobis ZiriTadi kulturebis ganawileba (1996w.)kulturebimiwis farTobi(aTasi ha)xorblis naTesebi 124simindi 225sxva marcvleuli kulturebi 71venaxebi 94Cais plantaciebi 41citrusebi 10kartofili 33bostneuli da baRCeuli kulturebi 40sxvadasxva xili 67sul 70526

2.6.2. saqalaqo tipis dasaxlebaTa miwebisaqarTvelos mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 56% qalaqSi cxovrobs.qalaqebis teritoriebi saTanadod ar aris dagegmili dabinZurebiswyaroebidan mosaxleobis daSorebis an izolirebis TvalsazrisiT.amis gamo igi ukiduresad dabinZurebuli haeris, transportisa dasawarmoo obieqtebidan momdinare xmauris da narCenebis garemocvaSiimyofeba. gzebi da avtomobilTa sadgomebi isea ganlagebuli, romiqmneba satransporto sacobebi, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs mavnenivTierebaTa emisiis da xmauris problemas. qalaqebSi parkebisa dagamajansaRebeli, gamwvanebuli teritoriebis ricxvi mcirea. ukanasknelwlebSi savaWro da momsaxurebis obieqtebi ewyoba da Sendeba garemosdacvisa da sanitariul-higienuri normebisa da moTxovnebisgauTvaliswineblad.xSirad qalaqebis ganaSenianeba (gafarToeba) xdeba maTi mimdebaresasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis xarjze, Tumca es procesi SeiZlebaganxorcieldes Zvel amortizebul Senoba-nagebobebsa dadabalnayofier miwebze.2.7. tyis resursebisaqarTveloSi 2,75 milioni heqtari anu qveynis teritoriis 39,6%tyiT aris dafaruli (ix. suraTi #7). tyis maragebis mTlianimoculoba 434 mln m 3 -ia, xolo tyis yovelwliuri mateba daaxloebiT4 mln m 3 -s Seadgens.garemosdacviTi, ekonomikuri, kulturuli, mecnieruli darekreaciuli TvalsazrisiT tyeebi udidesi Rirebulebis resursswarmoadgens qveynisaTvis. garda imisa, rom tyeebi warmoebasa damosaxleobas uzrunvelyofen merqnis nedleuliT, isini asrulebenunikalur garemosdacviT _ niadagdacviT, wyalSenaxviT,wyalmaregulirebel, sanitariul-higienur da sxva sasargeblofunqciebs. amasTan, tyis ekosistemebi saqarTveloSi warmoadgenenmcenareebis, cxovelebis, niadagis, wylisa da haeris mravalferovanerTobliobas.tyeebi saqarTveloSi araTanabradaa ganawilebuli da tyiTmdidari regionebis paralelurad gvxvdeba tyiT mwirad dafaruliregionebi, sadac tyiani teritoriebis xvedriTi wili 10%-s ar28

aRemateba.dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos klimatebs SorismniSvnelovanma gansxvavebam ganapiroba sxvaoba mcenareul safarSi.aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi teniani sartylisaTvis damaxasiaTebeltyis ekosistemebTan erTad gvxdeba ariduli meCxerebiTa da naTelityeebiT warmodgenili ekosistemebi.saqarTvelos tyeebis 22,3% gavrcelebulia zRvis donidan 0-500metris simaRleze, 23,5% _ 501-1000, 16,6% _ 1001-1500, 17,4% _ 1501-2000,xolo 19,8% _ zRvis donidan 2001 metris zeviT simaRleze. tyeebisumetesi nawili didi daxrilobis ferdobebzea ganlagebuli. tyiTdafaruli farTobebis 3,8% mdebareobs 0-10 0 , 33,4% _ 11-25 0 , 38,7% _ 26-35 0 ,24,1% ki _ 35 0 -ze meti daxrilobis ferdobebze.saqarTvelos tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia farTofoTlovanisaxeobebiT: aRmosavleTis wifeli _ 48.5%; rcxila _ 6.6%; muxa _ 10.2%;Txmela _ 3.2%; wabli _ 3.8%; gvxvdeba aseve wiwvovani saxeobebi(kavkasiuri soWi, aRmosavleTis naZvi da biWvinTis fiWvi) _ 17.4%.2.8. Savi zRvasaqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis sigrZe 315 km-ia (ix.suraTi #8). misi daaxloebiT 2/3 mdebareobs afxazeTis avtonomiurirespublikis konfliqtis zonaSi (ix. suraTi #9), sadac 1993 wlidansaqarTvelos xelisufleba ver axorcielebs Tavis iurisdiqcias, maTSoris, verc garemos dacvis kontrols.Savi zRva TiTqmis Caketili ekosistemaa, xasiaTdeba unikalurobiTda mravalferovani bioresursebiT. 1960 wels zRvaSi aRiricxebodasarewi mniSvnelobis Tevzis 24 saxeoba. bolo aTwleulebSi zRvisdabinZurebisa da Warbi TevzWeris gamo Tevzis maragma sagrZnobladiklo da dReisaTvis sarewi mniSvnelobis mxolod 3-4 saxeobaaSemorCenili.Savi zRva amJamad msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze dabinZurebulzRvad iTvleba. saqarTveloSi igi binZurdeba foTisa da baTumisnavsadgurebSi Semavali gemebidan Camdinare da sabalasto wylebiT,agreTve baTumis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis narCenebiT, sanapirozeganlagebuli dasaxlebebidan Camdinare wylebiT, zRvis da masSiCamdinare mdinareTa napirebze dayrili myari narCenebiT. dabinZurebiserT-erT mTavar wyaros warmoadgens rioni, romelsac Tavisi mimdebare29

teritoriebidan zRvaSi Caaqvs sayofacxovrebo da samrewveloCamdinare wylebi.ukanasknel wlebSi didi Zalisxmevaa mimarTuli kaspiiszRvidan navTobis Savi zRvis gavliT dasavleTSitransportirebisaTvis. dasrulda navTobsadenismSenebloba azerbaijanis adreuli navTobis baqodan sufsisterminalamde transportirebisTvis. male daiwyeba meore navTobsadenismSenebloba kaspiis zRvis ZiriTadi navTobis baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanismarSrutiT transportirebis mizniT. izrdeba saqarTvelos Savi zRvisportebis gavliT aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis qveynebs Soris sxvasaqonlis transportirebis perspeqtivac. es satransporto proeqtebiaucileblad moaxdens mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas Savi zRvis sanapirossust ekosistemebze, Tu am proeqtebis momzadebisa da ganxorcielebisprocesSi saTanadod ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli garemos dacvissakiTxebi. mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli sanapiro zolSi zRvismyari danaleqebis bunebrivi moZraoba, raTa zRvis napirze mimdinaresaporto da sxva saxis mSeneblobebma ar daabrkolos maTi mimoqcevada amiT ar daarRvios sanapiros geologiuri wonasworoba.30

3. garemosdacviTi politika da kanonmdebloba3.1. garemosdacviTi politikasaqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, yvelasaqvs ufleba, cxovrobdes janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebel garemoSi dasargeblobdes bunebrivi da kulturuli garemoTi. Yyvela valdebuliagaufrTxildes bunebriv da kulturul garemos. adamianisjanmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelsayofad,sazogadoebis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri interesebis Sesabamisad,axlandeli da momavali Taobebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiTsaxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs garemos dacvas da racionalurbunebaTsargeblobas.saqarTvelos xelisufleba aRiarebs, rom ekologiuri problemebiganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc ekonomikuri da socialuriganviTarebis strategiis ganuyofeli nawili.3.2. kanonmdebloba garemos dacvisa da bunebaTsargeblobissferoSisaqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonebi (2000 wlis 1 ianvrismdgomareobiT), romlebic pirdapir aregulireben garemos dacvisa dabunebaTsargeblobis samarTlebriv sakiTxebs, mocemulia #4 cxrilSi.kanonma `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ Seqmna samarTlebrivisafuZvlebi garemos dacvis politikis SemuSavebisa da am sferoSiinstituciuri mowyobisaTvis. masSi Camoyalibebulia garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis saxelmwifoebrivi dacvis miznebi da maTimiRwevis saSualebebi. kanoni gansazRvravs: moqalaqeTa uflebebsa damovaleobebs; saxelmwifo organoTa kompetencias; centralur,regionul da adgilobriv organoTa kompetenciebis gamijvniskriteriumebs garemos dacvis sferoSi. kanoni moiTxovs, romsaqmianobis subieqtma Tavad awarmoos garemos dabinZurebisintegrirebuli kontroli da monitoringi. kanoniT, sawarmoebsmoeTxovebaT Gteqnogenuri avariisa da bunebrivi katastrofis drosoperatiul RonisZiebaTa gegmis SemuSaveba da misi saxelmwifoorganoebTan SeTanxmeba. kanonis Tanaxmad, privatizebuli sameurneoobieqtis mesakuTre ar Tavisufldeba im garemosdacviT valdebulebaTaSesrulebisagan, romlebic yofil mesakuTres hqonda dakisrebuli.kanoni moiTxovs saTanado saxelmwifo organos garemosdacviTnebarTvas sawarmoo da komerciuli saqmianobisaTvis da licenziasbunebrivi resursebiT (miwa, wyali, tye, flora, fauna da wiaRiseuliresursebi) sargeblobisaTvis. kanonis mixedviT, dabinZurebis,31

dazianebisa da degradaciisagan daculia gansakuTrebuladmgrZnobiare da gansakuTrebuli funqciis mqone ekosistemebi,landSaftebi da teritoriebi (Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli, Waobebi,wyarosTavebi, mdinareTa saTaveebi, subalpuri da Walis tyeebi,Zvirfasi tyis masivebi da sxv.).cxrili #4. saqarTvelos kanonebi garemos dacvis sferoSimiRebiskanoniweli1. 1981 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi2. 1984 saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTaA kodeqsi3. 1994 saqarTvelos kanoni `niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb~4. 1994 saqarTvelos kanoni `mcenareTa dacvis Sesaxeb~5. 1995 saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos teritoriaze saxifaToOnarCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb~6. 1996 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~7. 1996 saqarTvelos kanoni `wiaRis Sesaxeb~8. 1996 saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizisSesaxeb~9. 1996 saqarTvelos kanoni `garemosdacviTi nebarTvis Sesaxeb~10. 1996 saqarTvelos kanoni `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~11. 1996 saqarTvelos kanoni `cxovelTaA samyaros Sesaxeb~12. 1997 saqarTvelos sazRvao kodeqsi13. 1997 saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi14. 1997 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi15. 1997 saqarTvelos organuli kanoni `adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~16. 1997 saqarTvelos kanoni `wylis Sesaxeb“17. 1998 saqarTvelos kanoni `saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb~18. 1998 saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos teritoriazetyiTsargeblobis mowesrigebis Sesaxeb~19. 1998 saqarTvelos kanoni `birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebisSesaxeb~20. 1998 saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos sazRvao sivrcis Sesaxeb~21. 1998 saqarTvelos kanoni `pesticidebisa da agroqimikatebisSesaxeb~22. 1998 saqarTvelos kanoni `kolxeTis daculi teritoriebisSeqmnisa da marTvis Sesaxeb~23. 1999 saqarTvelos kanoni `atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb~24. 1999 saqarTvelos kanoni `saSiSi nivTierebebiT gamowveuli zianiskompensaciis Sesaxeb”25. 1999 saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsikanoni `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ moiTxovs, rom nebismierisaqmianobis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis dros saqmianobissubieqtebma ixelmZRvanelon Semdegi principebiT:• riskis Semcirebis principi: saqmianobis subieqti valdebuliaTavisi saqmianobis dagegmvisas da ganxorcielebisas miiRossaTanado zomebi garemosa da adamianis janmrTelobaze mavnezemoqmedebis riskis Tavidan asacileblad an Sesamcireblad;• prioritetulobis principi: qmedeba, romelmac SeiZlebauaryofiTi zegavlena moaxdinos garemosa da adamianis32

janmrTelobaze, SeiZleba Seicvalos sxva, naklebriskiani, Tundacufro ZviradRirebuli qmedebiT. am ukanasknels prioriteti eniWebaim SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi Rirebuleba ar aRemateba naklebadRirebuliqmedebiT miyenebuli ekologiuri zianis anazRaurebis xarjebs;• narCenebis minimizaciis principi: saqmianobis ganxorcielebisasupiratesoba eniWeba iseT teqnologias, romelic uzrunvelyofsnarCenebis minimizacias;• biologiuri mravalferovnebis SenarCunebis principi:saqmianoba ar unda iwvevdes biomravalferovnebis Seuqcevaddegradacias;• restituciis principi: saqmianobis ganxorcielebis Sedegaddegradirebuli garemo aRdgenili unda iqnes pirvandelmdgomareobasTan maqsimalurad miaxloebuli saxiT.`garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT, saqarTveloSi moqmedebs:• fasiani bunebaTsargeblobis principi: saqmianobissubieqtisaTvis miwis, wylis, tyis, floris, faunis, wiaRisa dawiaRiseuli resursebiT sargebloba fasiania;• principi `dambinZurebeli ixdis~: saqmianobis subieqtivaldebulia aanazRauros garemosaTvis miyenebuli ziani.3.3. garemos dacvisa da bunebaTsargeblobis sferoSisaxelmwifo marTvisa da regulirebis meqanizmebisaqarTveloSi garemos dacvisa da bunebaTsargeblobis sferoSisaxelmwifo marTvisa da regulirebis mizniT gamoiyeneba Semdegimeqanizmebi:3.3.1. garemosdacviTi normebigaremos mdgomareobis xarisxobrivi normebi adgenenmoTxovnebs garemos xarisxobrivi mdgomareobisadmi da gansazRvravenadamianis janmrTelobisa da garemosaTvis mavne nivTierebaTazRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciebs wyalSi, haersa da niadagSi.garemoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis/CaSvebis normebigansazRvraven dabinZurebis yoveli konkretuli wyarodan garemoSi(wyali, haeri, niadagi) ama Tu im mavne nivTierebis gafrqvevis/CaSvebismaqsimalurad dasaSveb raodenobas.garemoze datvirTvis normebi moicaven bunebriviresursebiT sargeblobis kvotebs, romlebic dgindeba saxelmwifodoneze, bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebis principebisgaTvaliswinebiT.produqciisadmi ekologiuri moTxovnebi adgenen33

moTxovnebs sakvebi produqciisadmi da gansazRvraven ama Tu im qimiurinivTierebis maqsimalurad dasaSveb koncentracias sakveb produqtebSi.garemoSi qimiur saSualebaTa gamoyenebis normebigansazRvraven mineraluri sasuqebis, mcenareTa dacvisa da zrdisstimulatorebis da sxva qimiuri saSualebebis garemoSi gamoyenebiswesebsa da zRvrulad dasaSveb raodenobebs.3.3.2. ekonomikuri instrumentebisaqarTveloSi mwarmoeblisa da momxmareblis mier garemosdabinZurebis Semcirebis da bunebrivi resursebis racionaluradgamoyenebis stimulirebis mizniT gamoiyeneba Semdegi ekonomikuriinstrumentebi:gadasaxadi mavne nivTierebebiT garemosdabinZurebisaTvis: dambinZurebeli ixdis gadasaxads garemoSi mavnenivTierebaTa emisiisaTvis, damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis raodenobisda garemosa da adamianis janmrTelobaze mavne zemoqmedebispotencialis mixedviT (saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, kari XI);gadasaxadi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis:bunebrivi resursebiT mosargeble ixdis gadasaxads am resursebis(wiaRiseuli, wyali, flora da fauna) racionalurad gamoyenebisstimulirebis mizniT (saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, kari X);jarima: garemos dacvis sferoSi arsebuli normebisa damoTxovnebis darRvevisaTvis moqalaqeebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi ixdianjarimas saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsisSesabamisi muxlebis mixedviT.3.3.3. garemosdacviTi nebarTvebi da licenziebisaqarTveloSi samewarmeo, sameurneo an sxvagvarisaqmianobisaTvis, romelic ukavSirdeba gansaxlebis, ganaSenianebis daseqtoruli ganviTarebis programebisa da proeqtebis ganxorcielebas,infrastruqturis ganviTarebas, sawarmoebis mniSvnelovanrekonstruqcias da teqnologiur ganaxlebas, bunebrivi resursebisdacvis, gamoyenebis da am resursebiT sargeblobis programebisa daproeqtebis ganxorcielebas da sxva sakiTxebs, aucilebeliagaremosdacviTi nebarTvis miReba. nebarTvas gascems garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, an misi regionuli anadgilobrivi organo saqmianobis proeqtis ekologiuri eqspertizisdadebiTi daskvnis safuZvelze.garemoze SesaZlo zemoqmedebis xarisxis mixedviT saqmianobebi34

dayofilia oTx kategoriad. pirveli kategoriis saqmianobaze nebarTvagaicema mxolod saqmianobis subieqtis mier garemoze zemoqmedebisSefasebis warmodgenis Semdeg da garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisdacvis saministros mier ekologiuri eqspertizis CatarebissafuZvelze.sazogadoebis informireba da misi monawileoba saqmianobazegaremosdacviTi nebarTvis gacemis procesSi kanoniT garantirebulia.saqmianobis subieqtma unda aanazRauros garemoze zemoqmedebisSefasebis da ekologiuri eqspertizis xarjebi. arasamTavroboorganizaciebs ufleba aqvT damoukideblad Caataron garemozezemoqmedebis Sefaseba da miiRon amisTvis saWiro yvela informacia.garemos dacvis sferoSi dawesebulia Semdegi licenziebi:• garemosdacviTi saqmianobisaTvis, kerZod, garemosdacviTiauditis Catarebis, hidrometeorologiuri samuSaoebisganxorcielebis da sxva garemosdacviTi saqmianobisaTvis, romelicmoiTxovs specifikur codnas;• garemoze mavne zemoqmedebisaTvis: licenzia eZlevasaqmianobis subieqts, romlis saqmianobac dakavSirebulia garemoSimavne nivTierebaTa emisiasTan da garemoze sxva fizikurzemoqmedebasTan;• bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis, kerZod, wylis,tyis, floris, faunis, wiaRisa da wiaRiseuli resursebiTsargeblobisaTvis. licenzia gaicema bunebrivi resursebiTsargeblobis dadgenili kvotebiT.3.3.4. sazogadoebis monawileobasaqarTvelos garemosdacviT politikaSi udidesi mniSvnelobaeniWeba sazogadoebis informirebas da mis monawileobasgadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi. garemos dacvis problemebTandakavSirebuli informacia vrceldeba radio- da telegadacemebis,sagazeTo publikaciebis, perioduli da sxva gamocemebis meSveobiT.bolo dros gaCnda informaciis gavrcelebis kidev erTi saSualeba _interneti. kanoni `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ moiTxovs garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros mier yovelwliuri angariSismomzadebas garemos mdgomareobis Taobaze.saqarTveloSi damkvidrebulia garemos dacvis sferoskanonproeqtebis gamoqveynebis da winaswari sajaro ganxilvis praqtika.garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro regularuladawarmoebs Ria Sexvedrebs bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvislicenziebis da garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis gacemisas. uwyebaTaSorisisaeqsperto sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, romelic iRebs gadawyvetilebasbunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis licenziis gacemis Sesaxeb,Sedis Sesabamisi kompetenciis mqone arasamTavrobo organizaciisgamocdili warmomadgeneli. mas ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRossabWos sxdomaze gamarTul kenWisyraSi. saministroSi imarTeba35

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebTan yovelkvireuliSexvedrebi, romlebzedac ganixileba garemos dacvis problemebi dasiaxleni garemosdacviT politikasa da saqmianobaSi. arasamTavroboseqtorma aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo am programis SeqmnaSic.36

4. garemos dacvis sferoSi moqmedi saxelmwifoaRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis organoebi,samecniero-kvleviTi dawesebulebebi daarasamTavrobo organizaciebi4.1. garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrogaremosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis ministri pasuxs agebssaqarTvelos prezidentis winaSe garemos dacvis sferoSi saxelmwifopolitikis gatarebaze. saqarTvelos parlamentis garemos dacvisa dabunebrivi resursebis komiteti awarmoebs saparlamento kontrolsgaremos dacvis sferoSi moqmedi aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisorganoTa saqmianobaze. garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministros kompetencias ganekuTvneba:• dargTaSorisi marTva;• garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebiT racionaluri, mdgradi dakompleqsuri sargeblobis saxelmwifo marTva;• meteorologiuri samsaxuris organizeba;• garemos xarisxis monitoringis organizeba;• saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili sxva funqciebi.saministros centralur aparatSi, teritoriul organoebSi(regionul da saqalaqo sammarTveloebSi) da saministros sistemaSiSemaval sxva struqturebSi (ix. suraTi #9) muSaobs daaxloebiT 1400TanamSromeli. afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiur respublikebs aqvTgaremosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis sakuTari saministroebi,romlebic ormagi daqvemdebarebis principiT eqvemdebarebiansaqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros.garemosdacviTi politikis SemuSaveba garemosdacviTi politikissammarTvelos movaleobaa, romelic mas asrulebs garemosdacviTiekonomikis sammarTvelosTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT. garemos dacvissferoSi gadasaxadebisa da garemosdacviTi saqmianobis dafinansebismeqanizmebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba garemosdacviTiekonomikis sammarTvelos mTavari funqciaa.garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisregulirebas awarmoeben atmosferuli haeris, wylisa da miwisresursebis dacvis, narCenebisa da qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis, wiaRisdacvis da samTo saqmis, biomravalferovnebis dacvis da sxvasammarTveloebi da departamentebi. maTTan TanamSromlobs garemosdacvis 12 teritoriuli sammarTvelo da Savi zRvis dacvis sazRvaoinspeqcia.garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis ekologiuri eqspertiza da37

garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis gacema garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis dasaxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis departamentis kompetenciasganekuTvneba.garemosdacviTi kontroli garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisdacvis saministros inspeqtorTa movaleobaa. inspeqtorebigaerTianebulni arian saministros teritoriul organoebSi da pasuxsageben teritoriuli sammarTveloebis winaSe. amasTan, maT kontrolsuwevs centralur aparatSi Semavali garemosdacviTi saqmianobismarTvisa da zedamxedvelobis departamenti.garemos dacvis da bunebaTsargeblobis arsebuli wesebis dacviskontrols (mag., garemos mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZureba, ukanonoWrebi, TevzWera, nadiroba da sxv.) garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisdacvis saministros teritoriul (regionul da saqalaqo)sammarTveloebTan erTad axorcielebs ekologiuri policia, romeliceqvemdebareba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros.garemos mdgomareobis monitorings axorcielebshidrometeorologiis departamenti (hidrometi). es departamentisaministros yvelaze didi struqturuli qvedanayofia 1100-mdeTanamSromliT * igi marTavs garemos monitoringis farTo qsels.departamentis funqciaa monacemebis Segroveba meteorologiurmdgomareobaze, wylis xarisxze, wylis balansze, mdinareTa wyaroebze,zvavsaSiSroebaze, atmosferuli haeris xarisxze da sxv. qseli moicavswylis xarisxis monitoringis 91 da haeris xarisxis monitoringis 34sadgurs 11 qalaqSi. standartuli monitoringi emyareba 56 fizikurqimiurparametrs wylis xarisxis SemowmebisaTvis da 4-dan 16-mdenivTierebas haeris xarisxis SemowmebisaTvis, kerZod, haerSi mtvris,naxSirJangis, azotisa da gogirdis Jangeulebis da sxva nivTierebaTaSemcvelobas (hidrometeorologiur departamentsa da monitoringissistemaSi arsebuli problemebi ganxilulia TavSi 5.9.4).garemoSi mavne nivTierebaTa emisiis monitoringi da kontroliregionuli da saqalaqo sammarTveloebis funqciaa. sammarTvelom undagansazRvros emisiis wyaro da Seiswavlos SesaZlo dabinZureba.amasTan, dambinZureblebi valdebulni arian, rom Tavad aRricxonemisiebi da angariSebi warudginon garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisdacvis saministros.garemos xarisxobrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb monacemTadamuSavebas awarmoebs garemos monitoringis centri. monacemebiemisiebsa da resursebis moxmarebaze inaxeba da Seiswavleba garemosa* 2000 wels saqarTvelos prezidentis mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba hidrometeorologiis departamentissaministros Semadgenlobidan gamoyofis da saqarTvelos hidrometorologiis, rogorc samTavrobo dawesebulebisSeqmnis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb. amJamad mimdinareobs Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo da instituciuricvlilebebi am gadawyvetilebis realizaciis mizniT.38

da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros saTanadodepartamentebisa da sammarTveloebis mier.39

suraTi #9. garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosorganizaciuli struqturasaTaTbiroorganoebi(sabWoebi)xelmZRvanelobaministris samdivnofunqcionaluriqvedanayofebicentraluri aparatidaqvemdebarebuliorganizaciebiormagidaqvemdebarebisorganoebiteritoriuliorganoebihidrometeoro-logiisdepartamentigaremosdacviTinebarTvebis dasaxelmwifoekologiurieqspertizisdepartamentiwiaRis dacvisa dasamTo saqmisdepartamentibiomravalferovnebisdacvisdepartamentiwylis resursebisdacvis mTavarisammarTveloatmosferuli haerisdacvis mTavarisammarTvelomiwis resursebisdacvis, narCenebisada qimiurnivTierebaTamarTvis mTavarisammarTvelogaremosdacviTisaqmianobis marTvisada zedamxedvelobisdepartamentigaremosdacviTipolitikis sammarTvelogaremosdacviTiekonomikissammarTveloiuridiuli sammarTvelokadrebis mTavarisammarTvelofinansebisa dadagegmvissammarTvelocentraluri buRalteriasaerTo ganyofileba(kancelaria)materialur-teqnikurimomaragebissammarTvelogaremos dacvis institutizRvis ekologiisa daTevzis meurneobissamecniero-kvleviTiinstitutigaremos monitoringiscentriiSviaTi da gadaSenebispiras myofi TevzebissaxeobaTaaRwarmoebis centribunebrivi daanTropogenurikatastrofebisprognozirebis, maTiSedegebis Serbilebisa damosaxleobis ekologiuriusafrTxoebissaxelmwifosakoordinacio samsaxuridasavleT saqarTveloskompleqsuri laboratoriagaremos dabinZurebiskontrolis aWarisregionaluri laboratoriaaWaris avtonomiurirespublikis garemosada bunebriviresursebis dacvissaministroafxazeTis avtonomiurirespublikis garemosada bunebriviresursebis dacvissaministrogaremos dacvisa dabunebrivi resursebisregulirebis q.TbilisiskomitetixaSuris saqalaqosammarTvelofoTis saqalaqosammarTvelosamegrelosa dazemo svaneTisregionalurisammarTveloguriisreg. sammarTveloqvemo qarTlisreg. sammarTveloSida qarTlisreg. sammarTveloimereTisreg. sammarTvelosamcxe-javaxeTisreg. sammarTvelokaxeTisreg. sammarTvelomcxeTa-mTianeTisreg. sammarTveloqvemo svaneTleCxumisreg.sammarTveloraWisreg. sammarTvelowiaRiT sargeblobislicenzirebis eqspertTauwyebaTaSorisi sabWouwyebaTaSorisi salicenzio sabWoebizedapiruli wylebiT mcenareuli resursebiTsargeblobis(maT Soris, xe-tyiT)licenzirebis sargeblobis salicenzioeqspertTauwyebaTaSorisi sabWouwyebaTaSorisi sabWocxovelTa samyarosresur-sebiT sargeblobissalicenziouwyebaTaSorisi sabWogaremosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTanmoqmedebs ori samecniero instituti:

garemos dacvis instituti Seiswavlis bunebrivi resursebisracionaluri gamoyenebis, garemoze uaryofiTi anTropogenurizegavlenis Tavidan acilebis, agreTve garemos dabinZurebiskontrolisa da monitoringis teqnologiebis SemuSavebis sakiTxebs. igiatarebs kvalifikaciis amaRlebis kursebs samTavrobo garemosdacviTiorganizaciebis TanamSromelTaTvis;Savi zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis meurneobis samecniero-kvleviTiinstituti ikvlevs zRvis biomravalferovnebis da Tevzis maragisaRdgenis problemebs.4.2. garemos dacvis sferoSi moqmedi saxelmwifoaRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis sxva umaRlesi organoebi,samecniero-kvleviTi dawesebulebebi da arasamTavroboorganizaciebigaremos dacvisa da bunebaTsargeblobis saxelmwifo regulirebasgaremosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTan erTad, Tavisikompetenciis farglebSi axorcieleben Semdegi saxelmwifoorganizaciebi:• janmrTelobis dacvis saministro;• mSeneblobisa da urbanizaciis saministro;• geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti;• geodeziisa da kartografiis saxelmwifo departamenti;• statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti;• satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamenti;• miwis resursebisa da miwis kadastris saxelmwifo departamenti;• nakrZalebis, daculi teritoriebis marTvis da samonadireomeurneobebis saxelmwifo departamenti;• standartizaciis, metrologiisa da sertifikaciis saxelmwifodepartamenti (saqstandarti);• Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ekologiuri policiis mTavarisammarTvelo.garemos dacvis sferoSi umaRles ganaTlebas da samecniero-kvleviTsaqmianobas axorcieleben Semdegi institutebi:• Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekologiis, kartografiisa dageoinformaciis, geomorfologiis da geoekologiis kaTedrebi, garemosmdgomareobis kvlevis da distanciuri zondirebis laboratoriebi;• saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis geografiis,hidrometeorologiis, wylis resursebis da ekologiuriinJineriis, samTo metyeveobis institutebi;• higienis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti (janmrTelobis dacvissaministro);• kavkasiis mineraluri resursebis instituti;• mcenareTa dacvis instituti;• niadagmcodneobis, agroqimiis da melioraciis samecniero-kvleviTiinstitutebi;41

• sxva institutebi.arasamTavrobo organizaciebigaremos dacvis sakiTxebze saqarTveloSi ramdenime aTeuliarasamTavrobo organizacia muSaobs. zogierTi maTgani, magaliTad,bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi (WWF), saerTaSoriso arasamTavroboorganizaciis filialia. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis umetesobaadgilobrivi garemosdacviTi problemebis gaSuqebis da garemosdacviTikanonmdeblobis ganviTarebis sakiTxebze muSaobs. zogi monawileobsgaremosdacviTi proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic finansdebasaerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis (mag., msoflio banki, gaero,globaluri garemosdacviTi fondi (GEF)), evrokavSiris da calkeulidonori qveynebis mier. arasamTavrobo organizaciebma monawileobamiiRes iseTi saxelmwifo dokumentebis SemuSavebaSi, rogoricaa`biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia~, „Savi zRvis dacvisa dareabilitaciis strategiul moqmedebaTa erovnuli programa~. maTmniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am dokumentis SeqmnaSic.42

5. prioritetuli garemosdacviTi problemebi damaT gadasaWrelad gansaxorcielebeliRonisZiebebi5.1. sasmeli wyliT momarageba da zedapiruli wylebisdabinZureba5.1.1. sasmeli wyliT momaragebasaqarTvelos qalaqebSi mosaxleobis sasmeli wyliT momaragebasTandakavSirebulia Semdegi ZiriTadi problemebi:• 1987 wlis Semdeg ar Catarebula mniSvnelovani saremonto samuSaoebiwyalmomaragebis qselSi. is metad dazianebulia da gaJonvebisSedegad wylis daaxloebiT 25-30% (zog SemTxvevaSi ufro metic)ikargeba wylis ganawilebisas. amas emateba satumbi sadgurebismwyobridan gamosvla mouvlelobis gamo da maTTvis eleqtroenergiismiwodebis xSiri Sewyveta. yovelive amis Sedegad mosaxleobisaTvismiwodebuli sasmeli wylis raodenoba arasakmarisia;• savalalo mdgomareobaSia sakanalizacio sistemebi. wyalmomaragebisda sakanalizacio sistemaTa xazebi xSirad erTmaneTTan axlomanZilze, paralelurad arian ganlagebulni, amitom maTi dazianebaiwvevs sakanalizacio wylebis sasmel wyalTan Serevas da misdabinZurebas. problemas arTulebs eleqtroenergiisa da masTanerTad sasmeli wylis miwodebis xSiri Sewyveta, radgan sasmeliwylis cariel milebSi sakanalizacio wylebi advilad Seiwoveba;• sasmeli wylis saTave nagebobebis sanitariuli zonebi saTanadod araris daculi dabinZurebisagan;• qloris naklebobis gamo xSirad ver xerxdeba wylis dezinfeqcia.sasmeli wylis naklebobis da misi dabali xarisxis gamo xSiriainfeqciur daavadebaTa gavrceleba qalaqis mosaxleobaSi. magaliTad,wylis uxarisxobam ganapiroba adamianTa daavadeba TbilisisnaZaladevisa da CuRureTis raionebSi Sesabamisad 1994 da 1995 wlebSi.1994 wels sasmeli wylis fekaluri wylebiT dabinZurebis Sedegadseriozulad daavadda 20 adamiani (q. rusTavSi am mxriv mdgomareobakvlav metad rTulia). wylis dabinZurebam gamoiwvia dizenteriiT 180adamianis daavadeba wyaltubosa da sagarejoSi Sesabamisad 1994 da 1996wlebSi. janmrTelobis dacvis saministros monacemebiT, 1998 welsTbilisSi kvlav aRiniSna sasmeli wylis uxarisxobasTan dakavSirebulidaavadebebi.soflebsa da sasoflo dasaxlebebSi arsebuli wyalmomaragebissistemebis udidesi nawili dRes ar funqcionirebs. xSirad mosaxleobassacxovrebeli adgilidan ramdenime kilometriT daSorebuliwyaroebidan uxdeba sasmeli wylis aReba. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,sadac atmosferuli naleqebis raodenoba mcirea, am mxriv metad mZimemdgomareobaa. soflebis wyalmomaragebis sistemebSi dezinfeqcia,rogorc wesi, ar xdeba, xolo saTave nagebobebis sanitariul dacvasTiTqmis ar eqceva yuradReba, ris Sedegadac sasmeli wylis xarisxi43

xSirad standartebs ar Seesabameba.5.1.2. zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebakomunaluri sakanalizacio sistemebidan Camdinare wylebisaqarTveloSi zedapirul wylebs ZiriTadad komunalurisakanalizacio sistemebidan Camdinare wylebi abinZurebs. komunaluriCamdinare wylebi zrdis fosfatebis, nitratebisa da organulinivTierebebis raodenobas mdinareebSi, tbebsa da Savi zRvis sanapirozolis mimdebare akvatoriaSi. centralizebuli komunalurisakanalizacio sistema, romelic 45 qalaqSi arsebobs, mTlianadamortizebulia. sakanalizacio wylebis gamwmendi nagebobebi 33 qalaqSiada maTi saSualebiT dReSi mxolod 1.64 mln m 3 Camdinare wylisgawmendaa SesaZlebeli. tradiciuli meqanikur-biologiuri gawmendissadgurebi aris 26 qalaqSi. maTi saproeqto simZlavre dRe-RameSi 1.48mln m 3 Seadgens. 7 sadguri, dRe-RameSi 163000 m 3 saerTo saproeqtosimZlavriT, mxolod meqanikur gawmendazea gaTvaliswinebuli.gamwmendi nagebobebi 10-25 wlisaa, zogierTi maTganis mSenebloba jerkidev daumTavrebelia, umetesoba ki savalalo mdgomareobaSia. arc erTisadguri ar awarmoebs biologiur gawmendas teqnikuri saSualebebismwyobridan gamosvlis, energetikuli da sxva resursebis uqonlobisgamo. meqanikuri gawmenda SedarebiT efeqturia TbilisSi, rusTavSi,quTaisSi, tyibulSi, gorsa da baTumSi.komunaluri sakanalizacio wylebiT yvelaze metad dabinZurebulimdinareebia:• mtkvari goris, borjomis, Tbilisisa da rusTavis monakveTebze;• vere TbilisSi;• alazani Telavis monakveTze;• suramula xaSuris monakveTze;• algeTi marneulis monakveTze;• rioni quTaisisa da foTis monakveTebze.komunaluri sakanalizacio wylebiT yvelaze metad dabinZurebuliaSavi zRvis sanapiro zolis mimdebare akvatoria foTisa da baTumismidamoebSi.samrewvelo Camdinare wylebimZime mrewvelobis obieqtebi iwvevs wylis naxSirwyalbadebiT,fenoliTa da mZime metalebiT * dabinZurebas. am mxrivMyvelaze rTulimdgomareobaa:mdinare mtkvris auzSi:• Tbilisisa da rusTavis zonaSi mtkvris mimdebare teritoriaze* bolo wlebSi mZime mrewvelobiT gamowveulma dabinZurebam iklo warmoebis Semcirebis gamo. amasTan,gaizarda dabinZureba gamoSvebuli produqciis erTeulze, rac ganpirobebulia sawarmoo da gamwmenditeqnologiebis moZvelebiTa da mwyobridan gamosvliT.44

ganlagebuli manqanaTmSeneblobis, qimiuri da metalurgiuliqarxnebi navTobproduqtebiT, mZime metalebiTa da fenoliTabinZureben mdinares;• feradi liTonebis mompovebeli da gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebiTuTiisa da spilenZis minarevebiT abinZureben mdinare maSaveras;Savi zRvis auzSi:• metalurgiuli sawarmoebi navTobproduqtebiTa da manganumiTabinZureben mdinare yvirilas;• samTo-qimiuri, manqanaTmSeneblobisa da eleqtromowyobilobaTasawarmoebi navTobproduqtebiT, TuTiiTa da spilenZiTabinZureben quTaisis midamoebSi mdinareebs rionsa da oRaskuras;• tyibulSi qvanaxSiris mopovebidan Sewonili nawilakebiTdabinZurebulia mdinare tyibula;• dariSxanis mopovebasa da gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebiTdabinZurebulia mdinare luxumi;• baTumis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxana navTobiT abinZurebsmdinare kubiswyals da Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis mimdebareakvatorias.infeqciuri klinikebidan Camdinare wylebiinfeqciuri klinikebida Camdinare wylebis gawmenda ar xdeba, racqmnis gadamdeb daavadebaTa gruntisa da zedapiruli wylebis meSveobiTgavrcelebis saSiSroebas. infeqciuri saavadmyofoebidan CamdinarewylebiT binZurdeba mdinareebi:• qvabilani da misi Senakadi ocxe abasTumnis monakveTze;• mtkvari da misi Senakadebi borjomula da gujareTiswyali borjomisraionSi;• mtkvari da misi Senakadi qsani mcxeTis monakveTze;• vere TbilisSi.abasTumnis teritoriaze, sadac ganlagebulia tuberkuloziTdaavadebulTa samkurnalo klinikebi, sasmel wyalSi, saqonlis rZesa dabostneulSi (Sevida niadagidan) aRmoCnda koxis Cxirebi, romlebiciwvevs mosaxleobaSi tuberkulozis gavrcelebas.zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZureba soflismeurneobaSi gamoyenebuli sasuqebiTa da SxamqimikatebiTzedapiruli da miwisqveSaA wylebis SxamqimikatebiTa da sasuqebiTdabinZureba Semcirda 80-ian wlebTan SedarebiT, Tumca Aes ar arisgamowveuli sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi garemosdacviTiTvalsazrisiT ukeTesi teqnologiebisa da praqtikis gamoyenebiT.amgvari Semcireba ganpirobebulia soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuladamianTa mZime finansuri mdgomareobiT. maT ara aqvT saSualeba,SeiZinon ZviradRirebuli sasuqebi da Sxamqimikatebi. aseTi viTarebadroebiTia da usaTuod gauaresdeba, Tu ar moxdeba sasoflo-sameurneoSxamqimikatebis Senaxvis da xmarebis wesebisa da normebis SemuSaveba,soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis informireba45

Sxamqimikatebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da maTi saTanado swavleba,organuli sasuqebisa da mavne mwerebTan brZolis biologiurimeTodebis gamoyenebis xelSewyoba.46

5.1.3 sasmeli wylisa da zedapiruli wylebis xarisxisgasaumjobeseblad gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebisainvesticio proeqtebisasmeli wylisa da zedapiruli wylebis xarisxisgasaumjobeseblad gansaxorcielebelia Semdegi sainvesticio proeqtebi:• Jinvali-Tbilisis sakanalizacio koleqtoris reabilitacia;• Tbilisis wyalmomaragebis sistemis gaumjobeseba. proeqti ukvexorcieldeba msoflio bankis finansuri daxmarebiT. saWiro iqnebaproeqtSi garemosdacviTi sainvesticio komponentis gaZliereba;• gardabnis wylis gamwmendi nagebobis reabilitacia. proeqti undaganxorcieldes or etapad: Ppirvel etapze unda moxdes meqanikurigawmendis sistemis SekeTeba, xolo meoreze _ biologiuri gamwmendisaSualebis reabilitacia;• quTaisis wyalmomaragebis sistemis gaumjobeseba, sakanalizaciosistemisa da sakanalizacio wylebis gamwmendi nagebobisreabilitacia;• Telavis wyalmomaragebisa da sakanalizacio sistemebis gaumjobeseba;• baTumisa da foTis sasmeli wyliT momaragebis gaumjobeseba,sakanalizacio sistemebisa da sakanalizacio wylebis gamwmendinagebobebis reabilitacia;• baTumisa da foTis portebSi sabalasto da Camdinare wlebis mimRebda gamwmend mowyobilobaTa rekonstruqcia-mSenebloba;• sasmeli wyliT momaragebis gaumjobeseba da tuberkuloziTdaavadebulTa samkurnalo dawesebulebebidan Camdinare wylebisgamwmendi nagebobis aSeneba abasTumanSi; gamwmendi nagebobebis aSenebamsgavsi klinikebisaTvis TbilisSi, mcxeTasa da borjomSi.instituciuri da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebikanoni `wylis Sesaxeb~, romelic moiTxovs licenzirebas wylisgamoyenebaze da Camdinare wylebis CaSvebaze da monitorings wylisdabinZurebaze, saTanadod ar sruldeba instituciuri da finansurisirTuleebis gamo. amasTan dakavSirebiT saWiroa Sesabamisimakontrolebeli organoebis muSaobis gaZliereba saqmianobissubieqtebis mier kanonis moTxovnaTa SesrulebisaTvis.wylis dacvis kanonmdebloba da marTva unda daefuZnos wyliTsargeblobis optimizacias wyalSemkrebis marTvis principebzedayrdnobiT, rac miRebuli praqtikaa ganviTarebul qveynebSi.wylis xarisxis uwyveti monitoringi did xarjebs moiTxovs.samwuxarod, saqarTvelos saTanado finansuri saSualebebi amJamad argaaCnia. wylis xarisxis monitoringis sistemis SeqmnisaTvissaSualovadian * periodSi saWiro iqneba donori qveynebis xelSewyoba.* aqac da SemdgomSic moklevadian periodSi igulisxmeba 1-2 weli, xolo saSualovadian periodSi – 3-5 weli.47

5.2. atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba mavnenivTierebebiT5.2.1. atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebasaqarTvelos qalaqebSi atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba gamowveuliaSemdegi ZiriTadi mizezebiT:• avtosatransporto saSualebaTa udides nawils Seadgens sabWoTawarmoebis, moZvelebuli manqanebi da ucxoeTidan importirebuli,amortizebuli (saSualod 8-10 wlis) avtomobilebi, romelTagan mavnenivTierebaTa gamonabolqvebis done mravaljer aRemateba dasaSvebnormebs. avtomobilTa umetesobas ar gaaCnia katalizurigardamqmnelebi. bolo wlebSi sazogadoebrivi transportisSemcireba xels uwyobs kerZo avtotransportis mzard gamoyenebas,rac zrdis transportirebis erTeulze (kaci/km, t/km) gamonabolqvisdones;• avtosatransporto saSualebebisaTvis gamoiyeneba dabali xarisxissawvavi, rac iwvevs mavne nivTierebaTa maRali koncentraciiT emisias;• gzebis dabali xarisxi da satransporto sacobebi xels uwyobs mavnegamonabolqvebis zrdas;• saqarTvelo satranzito qveyanaa. saxmeleTo gzebi gamoiyenebagadazidvebisaTvis CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken da aRmosavleTidandasavleTisaken. am gzebis umravlesoba qalaqebSi gadis, rac kidevufro auaresebs atmosferuli haeris xarisxs;• satransporto saSualebebidan gamonabolqvebis kontrolis sistemacudad aris ganviTarebuli da sustia saxelmwifo kontroli;• sawarmoebisa da mcire raodenobis moqmedi komunaluri gaTbobissistemebis saqvabeebs ar gaaCniaT gamonabolqvebis gamwmendisaSualebebi. amasTan, es saqvabeebi amortizebulia da sawvavismoxmarebis TvalsazrisiT metad araefeqturi.centraluri Tbomomaragebis sistemis moSlam da eleqtroenergiisdeficitma ganapiroba Osacxovrebel saxlebsa da dawesebulebebSidizel-generatorebisa da individualuri gaTbobis saSualebebis mzardigamoyeneba, ris Sedegadac gaizarda Senobebis Sida dabinZureba.saqarTveloSi Senobebis dabali Tboefeqturoba xels uwyobs sawvavisWarb moxmarebas.individualuri gamaTboblebis gamoyeneba ara marto safrTxes uqmnisadamianis janmrTelobas haeris dabinZurebis gziT, aramed zrdisfatalur SemTxvevebs da materialur danakargebs maTi araswori dadaudevari moxmarebisas xanZrebis gaCenasTan dakavSirebiT. aseTiSemTxvevebi arc ise mcirea saqarTveloSi.SenobebSi adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis saSiS wyaros SeiZlebawarmoadgendes azbesti, romelic farTod gamoiyeneboda mSeneblobaSiTboizolaciis mizniT. Tumca es sakiTxi saTanadod ar arisSeswavlili. ar arsebobs oficialuri informacia imis Taobaze, Turamdeni adamiani ganicdis azbestis uaryofiT zegavlenas da rakonkretuli Sedegebi mohyveba amas janmrTelobisaTvis. azbestis mavne48

zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb mosaxleobac arasakmarisad aris informirebuli.5.2.2. qalaqebSi atmosferuli haeris xarisxisgasaumjobeseblad gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebisainvesticio proeqtebiqalaqebSi atmosferuli haeris xarisxis gasaumjobesebladgansaxorcielebelia Semdegi sainvesticio proeqtebi:• sazogadoebrivi transportis, gansakuTrebiT _ eleqtrotransportisxvedriTi wilis zrda da misi muSaobis gaumjobeseba;• satransporto saSualebebidan gamonabolqvebis da sawvavis xarisxiskontrolisaTvis mowyobilobaTa SeZena. sawvavis xarisxismonitoringisa da kontrolis Catareba rogorc sawvavis saqarTvelossazRvarze Semotanisas, ise misi gasaRebis punqtebSi;• siTbosa da eleqtroenergiis kombinirebuli generaciis sadgurebismSenebloba.instituciuri da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisaWiroa axali normebis daweseba:• satransporto sawvavis xarisxze (gansakuTrebuli yuradReba undamieqces tyviis Semcvelobas);• sagzao satransporto saSualebebidan mavne gamonabolqvebze.grZelvadian periodSi unda moxdes am normebis harmonizaciaevrokavSiris normebTan da standartebTan, xolo tyviaSemcveli sawvavixmarebidan unda iqnes amoRebuli.saWiroa seriozuli cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba sawvavis xarisxisada satransporto saSualebebidan gamonabolqvebis kontrolis arsebulsistemaSi, romelic amJamad saTanadod ar funqcionirebs.didi yuradReba unda mieqces saavtomobilo moZraobis mowesrigebasada optimizacias, moZraobis wesebis dacvas, sadgomebis racionalurmowyobas.aucilebelia saqarTveloSi azbestis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebulipotenciuri saSiSroebis SefasebaDda Sesabamisi cvlilebebis Setanamoqmed kanonmdeblobaSi.49

5.3. bunebrivi resursebiT sargebloba5.3.1. sasargeblo wiaRiseuli resursebisasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopoveba saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erTimniSvnelovani dargia. amJamad qveyanaSi sxvadasxva wiaRiseuli resursis450-mde sabado arsebobs. amgvari resursebi umetes SemTxvevaSi Riakarieruli wesiT moipoveba, rasac Tan axlavs niadagis nayofieri fenisrRveva da zedapiruli wylebis dabinZureba.sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebasTan dakavSirebiT erozirebulia11300 ha miwis farTobi. wiaRiseuli resursebis Ria karieruli wesiTmopovebisas zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis erT-erT yvelaze mwvavemagaliTs warmoadgens spilenZis Ria sabado madneulSi, saidanac mZimemetalebiT binZurdeba mdinare kazreTula (igi Caedineba md. maSaveraSi,romelic uerTdeba md. xrams, xolo es ukanaskneli Caedineba mtkvarSi).msgavsi problema arsebobs WiaTuraSi manganumis sabadoebze, saidanacSewonili nawilakebiT binZurdeba yvirila, romelic rions uerTdeba.WiaTuraSi maRaroTa mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT SeimCneva niadagisdawevis tendencia, rac iwvevs Senoba-nagebobebis ngrevas. uravSidariSxanis mopovebis Sedegad binZurdeba luxumi, romelic aseveuerTdeba rions. Tavis mxriv rions damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi CaaqvsSav zRvaSi, rac safrTxes uqmnis zRvis ekosistemas.5.3.2. energetikuli resursebieleqtroenergiaamJamad saqarTvelo ganicdis eleqtroenergiis mwvave deficits.1990-1996 wlebSi eleqtroenergiis warmoeba 14421 mgvt/sT-dan 7232mgvt/sT-mde Semcirda, xolo mezobeli qveynebidan eleqtroenergiisimporti _ 3352 mgvt/sT-dan 344 mgvt/sT-mde.qveyanaSi arsebuli hidroeleqtrosadgurebi saproeqto simZlavrisnaxevarze naklebs gamoimuSaveben, radgan sawarmoo agregatebisumravlesoba amortizebulia da mwyobridanaa gamosuli wlebismanZilze saremonto samuSaoebis Cautareblobis gamo. saqarTveloshidroeleqtrosadgurebis saerTo saproeqto simZlavre 2700 megavatia,dReisaTvis ki maTi saerTo moqmedi simZlavre mxolod 1300 megavatsaRwevs.savalalo mdgomareobaSia amJamad qveyanaSi moqmedi erTaderTimsxvili _ gardabnis Tboeleqtrosadguri, romelic saproeqtosimZlavris (1850 megavati) mxolod 20%-30%-mde gamoimuSavebs. amasTan,sadguris energoefeqturoba Zalze dabalia. Tboeleqtrosadguriimportirebul sawvavs (mazuTi da bunebrivi gazi) moixmars. dReisaTvissaqarTvelos daugrovda sawvavis momwodebelTa didi vali, radganacver xdeba qveynis SigniT eleqtroenergiiT sargeblobisaTvisgadasaxadis akrefa da sawvavis Rirebulebis anazRaureba.50

hidroresursebis garda sxva ganaxlebadi wyaroebis (biomasa,geoTermuli wylebi, mzisa da qaris energiebi) gamoyeneba siTbosa daeleqtroenergiisaTvis Zalian CamorCeba am mxriv qveynis potencials.navTobi da gaziukanaskneli 2-3 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi gaizarda navTobismopoveba da misi satranzito gadazidvebi. ukve dasrulda baqo-sufsisnavTobsadenis mSenebloba azerbaijanis adreuli navTobis dasavleTisqveynebSi transportirebisaTvis. igegmeba meore _ baqo-jeihanisnavTobsadenis mSenebloba azerbaijanis ZiriTadi navTobisgasatareblad dasavleTis mimarTulebiT. navTobis mopovebasa datransportirebasTan dakavSirebiT iqmneba Semdegi ZiriTadigaremosdacviTi problemebi:• navTobis saerTaSoriso kompaniebi burRviTi samuSaoebisaTvisiyeneben saqarTvelos praqtikaSi manamde ucnob teqnologiebs. amitomarsebobs imis safrTxe, rom adgilobrivi eqspertebi ver SeZlebensaTanadod Seafason aseTi teqnologiebis gamoyenebisas garemozepotenciuri zemoqmedebis xasiaTi da masStabebi, aqedan gamomdinare,ver moxerxdeba maTi negatiuri zegavlenis Tavidan acileba;• mosalodnelia, rom navTobis saerTaSoriso kompaniebi navTobismopovebas daiwyeben Savi zRvis SelfSi. Savi zRva ekologiuradmetad mgrZnobiare ekosistemaa da amgvarma saqmianobam SeiZlebaSeuqcevadi zegavlena moaxdinos mis wonasworobaze, TugaremosdacviTi moTxovnebi mkacrad ar iqneba daculi. garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros miaCnia, rom saqarTveloSiar arsebobs aseT saqmianobaze saTanado ekologiuri eqspertizisCatarebisaTvis saWiro codna da gamocdileba, amitomac SeuZlebeliaTavidan iqnes acilebuli Savi zRvisaTvis ekologiuri zianismiyenebis saSiSroeba.5.3.3. bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebiTgansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebisaqarTveloSi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuligaremosdacviTi problemebis gadawyveta SesaZlebelia mxolodgrZelvadian periodSi. mokle- da saSualovadian periodSi ki ammimarTulebiT saWiroa:• ekologiurad ufro sufTa warmoebis sademonstracio proeqtebisganxorciele- ba, rac optimaluri iqneba Semdeg sferoebSi:- cementis warmoeba;- kvebis mrewveloba;- Savi metalurgia.• energiis efeqturad warmoebisa da moxmarebis sademonstracioproeqtebis ganxorcieleba, kerZod, energoefeqturi teqnologiebis(mag., kogeneraciuli sistemebi) gamoyeneba eleqtroenergiiswarmoebaSi da Senobebis TboizolaciaSi;• ganaxlebadi energoresursebis (hidroresursebi, geoTermuli wylebi,51

mzisa da qaris energiebi) gamoyenebis sademonstracio proeqtebisganxorcieleba.sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiunda SemuSavdes kanonebi da kanonqvemdebare aqtebi, romlebicuzrunvelyofen: investorTa mier warmoebaSi garemosdacviTiTvalsazrisiT saukeTeso xelmisawvdomi teqnologiis (BATNEEC)gamoyenebas; warmoebis sferoSi garemosdacviTi politikis orientaciasdabinZurebis Tavidan acilebaze da ekologiurad ufro sufTawarmoebis xelSewyobaze; sawarmoebSi evrokavSiris qveynebSiaprobirebuli standartizebuli garemosdacviTi marTvis sistemebis(mag., ISO 14001 standarti `garemosdacviTi marTvis sistemebi: ZiriTadimoTxovnebi~, evrokavSiris garemosdacviTi menejmentisa da auditissistema - EMAS) SemoRebas, rac ekologiuri mdgomareobisgaumjobesebasTan erTad xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi warmoebuliproduqciis gasaRebas msoflio bazarze.instituciuri cvlilebebigaremosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT saukeTeso xelmisawvdomiteqnologiis da standartizebuli garemosdacviTi marTvis sistemebisSemoRebas, ekologiurad ufro sufTa warmoebis meTodebisidentifikaciasa da danergvas dasWirdeba saTanado kadrebis momzadebasaqarTveloSi, risTvisac unda daigegmos saswavlo kursebis mowyobaucxoeli eqspertebis monawileobiT. saWiro iqneba qveyanaSi ukvearsebuli _ ekologiurad ufro sufTa warmoebis centris gaZliereba.aucilebelia garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis da saxelmwifoekologiuri eqspertizis departamentis specialistTa da damoukidebeleqspertTa momzadeba, raTa maT SeZlon saTanado doneze CaataronnavTobisa da gazis kompaniebis mier SemoTavazebuli proeqtebisa dasaqmianobebis ekologiuri eqspertiza. saWiro iqneba agreTve SesabamisimonacemTa bazis Seqmna, romlis saSualebiTac maTTvis xelmisawvdomigaxdeba informacia ganviTarebul qveynebSi gamoyenebuli sawarmooteqnologiebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb.saqarTveloSi sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebasTandakavSirebuli ekologiuri problemebi saTanadod ar aris Seswavlili.am mimarTulebiT saWiroa sabadoebze Seqmnili ekologiurimdgomareobis aRwera, rukebis Sedgena, gamoyenebuli teqnologiebisdaxasiaTeba. amgvari gamokvlevebis safuZvelze unda SemuSavdesrekomendaciebi da moTxovnebi mewarmeebisaTvis sabadoebzeekologiurad ufro sufTa teqnologiebis da misaRebi praqtikisgamoyenebis mizniT.52

5.4. narCenebisa da saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis marTva5.4.1. sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo narCenebis marTvissferoSi arsebuli problemebisayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo narCenebis marTvis adrindeli daamJamindeli praqtika mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs garemos. narCenebisukontrolo ganTavseba iwvevs zedapiruli da gruntis wylebisdabinZurebas. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis dagroveba sacxovrebeladgilebSi qmnis epidemiur daavadebaTa gavrcelebis saSiSroebas.sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebuliaSemdegi ZiriTadi problemebi:• sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebis sistema TiTqmis mTlianadmoSlilia,Aris Sedegadac narCenebi iyreba sacxovrebeli saxlebisezoebsa da quCebSi an nagavsayrelebze, romlebic dasaxlebulipunqtebis SemogarenSia ganlagebuli da ar Seesabameba garemosdacviTda sanitariul moTxovnebs. sayofacxovrebo da samrewvelonarCenebis gansaTavsebeli adgilebi, romlebic daakmayofilebdagaremosdacviT normebsa da moTxovnebs, saqarTveloSi saerTod ararsebobs. samrewvelo narCenebis umetesoba sawarmoebis an maTmimdebare teritoriazea ganTavsebuli;• ar arsebobs radiaqtiuri, toqsikuri da sxva saxis saxifaTonarCenebis gadamuSavebisa da gauvneblobis saSualebebi da aseTnarCenTa ganTavsebis adgilebi;• sxvadasxva tipis narCenebi erTmaneTSia areuli, rac arTulebs maTgadamuSavebas da gamoyenebas;• Zalze mwiria informacia qveyanaSi warmoebuli da dagrovebulinarCenebis tipis, raodenobisa da ganTavsebis adgilebis Sesaxeb.amgvari monacemebis Segroveba da sistematizacia regularulad arwarmoebs;• nagavsayrelebis geologiuri da fizikuri maxasiaTeblebiSeswavlili ar aris. amitom SeuZlebelia ganisazRvrosnagavsayrelebidan miwisqveSa da zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebisproblemis masStabebi;• SemuSavebuli ar aris narCenebis klasifikacia, rac aucilebelianarCenebis monitoringis, kontrolisa da efeqturi marTvisaTvis;• narCenebis marTvis sakiTxebze municipalur da adgilobriv donezemomuSave personali saTanadod ar aris momzadebuli.53

5.4.2. narCenebis marTvis sferoSi gansaxorcielebeliRonisZiebebisainvesticio proeqtebi• sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebisa da transportirebissaSualebaTa SeZena;• sayofacxovrebo narCenebis ganTavsebisaTvis nagavsayrelTa mowyobagaremosdacviTi da sanitariuli normebisa da moTxovnebisgaTvaliswinebiT;• radiaqtiuri, toqsikuri da sxva saxis saxifaTo narCenebisgansaTavsebeli adgilebis mowyoba garemosdacviTi normebisa damoTxovnebis Sesabamisad.sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiunda SemuSavdes kanoni da kanonqvemdebare aqtebi, romlebicuzrunvelyofen narCenebis klasifikaciis sistemis Seqmnas,Camoayalibeben narCenebis Segrovebis, daxarisxebis, transportirebis,gadamuSavebis, gauvneblobis, gamoyenebisa da ganTavsebis wesebs, mkafiodgansazRvraven saxelmwifo, municipalur da adgilobriv organizaciaTakompetenciebsa da funqciebs narCenebis marTvis sferoSi. undadadgindes samarTlebrivi norma imis Taobaze, rom sawarmoebmaaRricxon da saTanado organoebs regularulad warudginon angariSi,Tu ra saxis nedleuls iyeneben da ra saxis narCenebs awarmoeben.instituciuri cvlilebebinarCenebis marTvis sferoSi mniSvnelovani berketi unda gaxdesekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyeneba, romlebic stimuls miscemennarCenebis warmoSobis Semcirebas, agreTve warmoSobili narCenebisreciklirebas an sxvagvar gamoyenebas. saWiroa narCenebis unebarTvodganTavsebaze kontrolis gaZliereba, raTa aRkveTil iqnes maTiaralegaluri ganTavsebiT gadasaxadebis gadaxdis Tavidan acilebismcdelobebi.sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebisa da ganTavsebis sistemissaTanado funqcionirebisaTvis TandaTan unda gaizardos Sesabamisikomunaluri gadasaxadi da aqedan miRebuli Tanxebi ufro efeqturadunda iqnes ganawilebuli. aseve saWiroa sayofacxovrebo narCenebisSegrovebasa da gadamuSavebaSi kerZo kompaniebis monawileobisaTvisxelis Sewyoba.aucilebelia specialistTa da administraciuli personaliskvalifikaciis amaRleba narCenebis marTvis sferoSi yvela doneze.makontrolebeli organoebis muSakebma, romlebic pasuxismgebelniiqnebian narCenebis marTvis sferoSi kontrolze, saTanado momzadebaunda gaiaron. maT unda mieceT Sesabamisi uflebamosilebani kanonismoTxovnaTa darRvevis faqtebis aRmosaCenad da ukanono qmedebaTa54

droulad aRsakveTad.5.4.3. saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sferoSi arsebuliproblemebisaSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sistema saqarTveloSiCamoyalibebis procesSia. realurad brunvaSi myof qimiur nivTierebaTaraodenobis, asortimentis, mwarmoeblisa da importirebis Sesaxebinformacia arasrulia.saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa importze saTanado kontroli ararsebobs. SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareobaa pesticidebis importiskontrolTan dakavSirebiT. iuridiuli an fizikuri piri preparatisSemotanaze iRebs specialur nebarTvas uflebamosili saxelmwifouwyebis Tanxmobis safuZvelze. amasTan, mravali iuridiuli da fizikuripiria dakavebuli qveynis SigniT agroqimikatebiT vaWrobiT, rac xSiradukanonod xdeba.• didi raodenobiT vadagasuli pesticidebi da sasuqebi ganTavsebuliaavariul sawyobebSi, rac seriozul safrTxes uqmnis garemos daadamianis janmrTelobas. saTanado teqnikuri saSualebebisuqonlobisa da rTuli finansuri mdgomareobis gamo ver xerxdebamaTi gauvnebloba da utilizacia;• ar arsebobs saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa meoradi gadamuSavebisqarxnebi;• arsebuli laboratoriuli qseli minimaluradac ver uzrunvelyofssaSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebis monitorings;• mosaxleoba saTanadod ar aris informirebuli saSiS qimiurnivTierebaTa gamoyenebis Sesaxeb;• Catarebuli ar aris mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis (POPS)Sesaxeb garemosdacviTi gamokvlevebi, romelTa mixedviTacSesaZlebeli iqneboda problemaTa masStabebis dadgena;• saWiroa saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sakiTxebze momuSavepersonalis gadamzadeba;• soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis codna SxamqimikatebisusafrTxo gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT arasakmarisia, ris Sedegadacumetes SemTxvevaSi irRveva maTi Senaxvisa da transportirebiswesebi, xolo maTi moxmarebisas ar xdeba gamoyenebis vadebisa danormebis, SesxurebaTa jeradobis dacva, agreTve gamoTavisuflebulitaris gauvnebloba.yvela am problemis gadawyvetis mizniT qveyanaSi muSavdeba qimiurnivTierebaTa marTvis infrastruqturis ganviTarebis erovnuliprograma gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis swavlebisa dagamokvlevebis institutis da qimikatebis menejmentis saerTaSorisoorganizaciis rekomendaciebiT. amasTan, 1999 wlidan amoqmedda kanonebi`saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb~ da `pesticidebisa da55

agroqimikatebis Sesaxeb~. Sesabamisad mimdinareobs muSaoba imnormatiul aqtebze, romelTa SemuSaveba gansazRvrulia zemoaRniSnulikanonebiT.5.4.4. saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa gamoyenebis sferoSigansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebisainvesticio proeqtebi• saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa narCenebis gauvnebloba garemosdacviTimoTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;• saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa narCenebis meorad resursad annedleulad gamoyenebis sademonstracio proeqtis ganxorcieleba.instituciuri da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi• kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis SemuSaveba, romlebicmoawesrigeben saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sakiTxebs yvelaetapze _ warmoeba, SefuTva, niSandeba, importi, eqsporti,transportireba, Senaxva, moxmareba, gauvnebloba;• saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa gamocdis, aRricxvisa da registraciissistemis srulyofa saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT;• saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebis monitoringissistemis Camoyalibeba;• saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa narCenebis gauvnebloba-utilizaciisprogramis SemuSaveba da am sferoSi saxelmwifo politikisgatarebis mizniT uwyebaTaSorisi koordinaciis uzrunvelyofa.56

5.5. miwis resursebi5.5.1. miwis resursebiT sargeblobis sferoSi arsebuliproblemebisasoflo-sameurneo miwebiekologiuri TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos soflis meurneobisyvelaze didi problemaa niadagis erozia. igi ZiriTadad gamowveuliagaremosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT araswori sasoflo-sameurneo praqtikiT,rogoricaa maRali daqanebis ferdobebze miwis damuSaveba, tyis Wra daZoveba, irigaciuli teqnikis gamoyeneba, rasac Tan sdevs niadagis zedafenebis warecxva. finansuri problemebis gamo bolo aTwleulSieroziis sawinaaRmdego agroteqnikuri samuSaoebi TiTqmis ar tardeba.arsebulma ekonomikurma mdgomareobam ganapiroba Sxamqimikatebisimportisa da soflis meurneobaSi gamoyenebis Semcireba da, Sesabamisad,am mxriv ekologiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba. Tumca amgvarigaumjobeseba droebiTia. mosalodnelia, rom fermeruli meurneobebisgaZlierebasTan erTad xelovnuri sasuqebisa da Sxamqimikatebisekologiuri TvalsazrisiT araswori gamoyeneba kvlav gaizrdeba, Tuadekvaturi zomebi ar iqneba miRebuli. ukve iyo SemTxvevebi, rocaqveyanaSi Semotanili iqna manamde ucnobi Sxamqimikatebi, romelTagamoyenebam mraval adgilas gamoiwvia vazis ganadgureba.qalaqebis, dabebisa da saqalaqo tipis dasaxlebebis miwebiqalaqebSi miwis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebul mTavar problemasaraswori dagegmva warmoadgens. sabWoTa kavSirSi qalaqebis dagegmarebaxelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebisa da aRmasrulebelixelisuflebis mravali uwyebis erTobliv kompetencias ganekuTvneboda.sacxovrebeli teritoriebis dagegmvisas TiTqmis ar xdeboda iseTigaremosdacviTi aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, rogoricaa xmauri, didsatransporto nakadebTan da samrewvelo obieqtebTan mosaxleobissiaxlove. samrewvelo obieqtebis garSemo unda arsebuliyo buferulizonebi, realurad ki am zonebSi mogvianebiT sacxovrebeli saxlebiSendeboda, ris Sedegadac dabinZurebuli haeri, saxifaTo narCenebi daxmauri did gavlenas axdenda mosaxleobaze.sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg qalaqebis dagegmareba damSeneblobis garemosdacviTi kontroli kidev ufro Sesustda. xSiradkomerciuli da momsaxurebis obieqtebi ixsneba parkebSi an maTmimdebare teritoriaze, es ki saqarTvelos qalaqebSi arsebul isedacmcire mwvane safars kidev ufro amcirebs. aRniSnul obieqtebTan Cndebatransportis nakadebi da sadgomebi, rac abinZurebs haers, warmoSobsxmaursa da narCenebs.57

5.5.2. miwis resursebiT racionaluri sargeblobis sferoSigansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebisainvesticio proeqtebigaremosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT miwis resursebiT racionalurisargeblobis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa:• soflis meurneobaSi saukeTeso ekologiuri praqtikis gamoyenebissademonstracio proeqtebis ganxorcieleba, rac xels Seuwyobs aseTipraqtikis farTod danergvas am sferoSi;• niadagis eroziis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba, kerZod,qarsacavi zolebis da mTis ferdobebze mravalwlovani nargavebisgaSeneba, terasebis Seqmna da eroziis sawinaaRmdego nagebobebismSenebloba.instituciuri cvlilebebiaucilebelia niadagis dacvis saxelmwifo programis SemuSaveba,romelic:• detalurad aRwers niadagis degradirebis amJamindel mdgomareobasda tendenciebs geoinformaciuli sistemebis gamoyenebiT;• naTel warmodgenas Seqmnis bunebriv da anTropogenur procesebze,romlebic xels uwyobs niadagis degradirebas, da Camoayalibebsdegradirebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebs;• dasaxavs realurad ganxorcielebad sainvesticio RonisZiebebsqveyanaSi arsebuli ekonomikuri da finansuri mdgomareobisgaTvaliswinebiT.niadagis dacvis saxelmwifo programis mniSvnelovani komponentiunda gaxdes saxelmZRvanelo dokumentis SemuSaveba ekologiuriTvalsazrisiT saukeTeso sasoflo-sameurneo praqtikis Sesaxeb,romelic soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebul mosaxleobas saSualebasmiscems SearCios da gamoiyenos saukeTeso sasoflo-sameurneo meTodebi(mag., mavneblebis winaaRmdeg brZolis biologiuri meTodebi,konturuli xvna-Tesva, Teslbrunva, organuli sasuqebis gamoyeneba,dateraseba, Sxamqimikatebis swori gamoyeneba da sxv.) regionebisklimaturi da geografiuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.mniSvnelovani iqneba am meTodebis fermerebisaTvis swavleba.saxelmZRvanelosa da fermerebis momzadebaSi gamoyenebuli unda iqnessaerTaSoriso organizaciebis (UNEP/IRPTC, FAO, IPPC, UN/ECE da sxv.)gamocdileba da teqnikuri daxmareba.59

5.6. Savi zRvis dacva dabinZurebisagan5.6.1. Savi zRvis dabinZurebasaqarTvelos ori umTavresi porti mdebareobs Savi zRvissanapiro qalaqebSi _ baTumsa da foTSi. orive maTgani SeiZlebagamoyenebul iqnes navTobis Savi zRvis gavliT transportirebisaTvis.portebSi, gansakuTrebiT _ foTSi tankerebis misaRebi navsadgomi danagebobebi ar Seesabameba Tanamedrove moTxovnebs. navTobis tankerebSiCatvirTvisas xdeba misi gauTvaliswinebeli CaRvra zRvaSi.navTobproduqtebi da navTobis gadamuSavebis narCenebi zRvaSi CaedinebabaTumis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis teritoriidanac.navTobSemcveli sabalasto wylebis gamwmendi nageboba, romelicmxolod baTumis portSi arsebobs, saTanadod ver funqcionirebs. amisSedegad Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli mniSvnelovnad dabinZurebulianavTobproduqtebiT.Savi zRvis dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebia:dabinZureba gemebidan: zRvaSi xvdeba gemebidan Camdinarewylebi da sayofacxovrebo narCenebi;dabinZureba portebidan: zRvaSi Caedineba sakanalizaciowylebi portebidan;dabinZureba mdinareebidan: mdinareebs zRvaSi CaaqvTsayofacxovrebo da samrewvelo Camdinare wylebi, romlebic SeicavenmZime metalebs, navTobproduqtebs, organul nivTierebebs, myar narCenebsda sxv. am mxriv zRvas yvelaze metad abinZurebs rioni. mdinareebsmoaqvT aseve sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis Camonarecxi da Sesabamisadizrdeba agroqimikatebiT zRvis dabinZureba;komunaluri da sawarmoo Camdinare wylebi: komunaluri dasawarmoo Camdinare wylebis koleqtorebi da gamwmendi nagebobebisanapiro zolSi mwyobridanaa gamosuli an saerTod ar arsebobs, risSedegadac dabinZurebuli wylebi yovelgvari gawmendis gareSe CaedinebazRvaSi;narCenebi:narCenebis gansaTavsebeli adgilebi da gamoyenebispraqtika ar Seesabameba garemosdacviT, sanitariul-higienur dasamSeneblo normebs, wesebsa da moTxovnebs. mravali unebarTvo,spontanurad warmoSobili nagavsayreli mdinareebisa da zRvisnapirebzea ganlagebuli, ris gamoc narCenebi Camorecxvis SedegadzRvaSi xvdeba.dabinZurebisa da sxva faqtorebis pirdapiri Sedegia, rom SavizRvis ekologiur mdgomareobas seriozuli safrTxe emuqreba:planqtonebis populacia Semcirda, moluskebsa da TevzebSi SeimCnevadamabinZurebeli nivTierebebis bioakumulacia. amasTan, Tevzis maragissaerTo raodenoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. gemebidan sabalastowylebis CaRvriT xdeba zRvaSi egzoturi saxeobebis introduqcia, rac60

saSiSroebas uqmnis zRvis biomravalferovnebas. Warbi raodenobiT daekologiuri TvalsazrisiT araswori meTodebiT Tevzis rewva aseveamcirebs Tevzis marags. zRvaSi Tevzis sarewi mniSvnelobis 3-4 saxeobaaSemorCenili. Tevzebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Seicaven poliaromatulnaxSirwyalbadebs, rac saSiSia adamianTa janmrTelobisaTvis.yoveliveEes safrTxes uqmnis TevzWerasa da Tevzis meurneobas,romelic am regionSi sakmaod kargad iyo ganviTarebuli daadgilobrivi ekonomikis erT-erT mniSvnelovan dargs warmoadgenda.dabinZurebasTan erTad Savi zRvis mowyvladi sanapiro zoliganicdis erozias. es dakavSirebulia mdinareebze da zRvis sanapirozedidi masStabis sainJinro nagebobaTa mSeneblobasTan, romlebicarRveven CamonatanTa bunebriv moZraobas zRvis mimarTulebiT da misinapiris gaswvriv.5.6.2. Savi zRvis dabinZurebisagan dacvisaTvisgansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebiSavi zRvis saerTo ekologiuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobesebladgansaxorcielebelia Semdegi RonisZiebebi:• quTaisSi, xobSi, foTSi, baTumsa da zugdidSi komunalurisakanalizacio wylebis Semkrebi da gamwmendi sistemebismdgomareobis gaumjobeseba;• baTumisa da foTis portebSi Camdinare da sabalasto wylebiskontrolis gaumjobeseba navTobiT dabinZurebis Sesamcireblad daegzoturi saxeobebis introduqciis Tavidan asacileblad; portebisada saqarTvelos Savi zRvis dacvis konvenciuri inspeqciis muSakTasaTanado momzadeba portisa da gemebis Camdinare wylebis marTvisada sabalasto wylebis kontrolis sferoSi;• alternatiuli ekonomikuri RonisZiebebis, magaliTad, mtknari wylisTevzebis fermebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, zRvis akvakulturis damarikulturis ganviTareba, gadaSenebis piras myofi Tevzissaxeobebis genofondis rezervatebis mowyoba da maT bazazeaRwarmoebis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba.Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad udidesimniSvneloba unda mieniWos sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvisprogramas, romelic xorcieleba * msoflio bankis, globalurigaremosdacviTi fondisa da holandiis mTavrobis finansurixelSewyobiT. am programis Semadgeneli komponentebia:instituciuri da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi• sanapiro zonis erTiani marTvis organos – sakoordinacio komitetisSeqmna, sakonsultacio komitetisa da samuSao jgufebis Camoyalibeba;• rionis auzis integrirebuli marTvis programisaTvis winapirobebisSeqmna;*programis ganxorcieleba daiwyo 1999 wels.61

• sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis Sesaxeb sakanonmdebloaqtebis SemuSaveba;centraluri da adgilobrivi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebisinstituciuri gaZliereba• centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebismosamsaxureTa momzadeba sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvismeTodebSi;• sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis sademonstracio proeqtebismomzadeba; monitoringisa da sainformacio sistemebis Camoyalibeba;• sam weliwadSi erTxel sanapiro zonis garemosdacviTi erovnuliangariSis momzadeba da gavrceleba;sainvesticio da sxva saxis RonisZiebebi• sanapiro zolis eroziis problemis Seswavla da mis gadasawyvetadsaWiro investiciebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba,prioritetuli sainvesticio proeqtebis momzadeba;• kolxeTis erovnuli parkis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba;• zRvis napirisa da wylis xarisxis monitoringis sistemebis Seqmna,navTobiT avariuli dabinZurebis SemTxvevebSi reagirebis gegmebisSemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba.Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas xels Seuwyobssxva RonisZiebebic, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia winamdebareprogramaSi da asaxulia mis sxvadasxva nawilebSi, magaliTad,narCenebis marTvis sistemis gaumjobeseba, garemosdacviTiTvalsazrisiT ukeTesi sasoflo-sameurneo praqtikis danergva,samrewvelo obieqtebidan Camdinare wylebis gawmenda da sxv.Sav zRvasTan dakavSirebiT gansaxorcielebeli garemosdacviTiRonisZiebebi ufro vrcladaa asaxuli `Savi zRvis dacvisa dareabilitaciis strategiul moqmedebaTa erovnul programaSi~ * , romelicmomzadda garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroskoordinaciiT da globaluri garemosdacviTi fondis finansurixelSewyobiT. es programa warmoadgens Savi zRvis dacvisa dareabilitaciis strategiul moqmedebaTa regionaluri (Savi zRvis eqvsiqveynisaTvis) programis Semadgenel nawils da moicavs mokle-, saSualodagrZelvadian RonisZiebebs.* 2000 wlis 1 martis mdgomareobiT, „Savi zRvis dacvisa da reabilitaciis strategiul moqmedebaTa erovnuliprograma~ momzadebulia proeqtis saxiT.62

5.7. tye da satyeo meurneoba5.7.1. tyis da satyeo meurneobis sferoSi arsebuliproblemebisaqarTvelos teritoriis 39,6% tyiTaa dafaruli. tye arisbiomravalferovnebis ganmapirobebeli bunebrivi faqtori da sameurneomniSvnelobis resursi. tyeebi umetesad ganlagebulia mTis ferdobebzeda asrulebs niadagdacviT, wyalSemnaxav da wyalmaregulirebelfunqciebs. tyeebi ZiriTadad foTlovani koromebis saxiT ariswarmodgenili. maTSi Warbobs aRmosavluri wiflis saxeoba. tyisekosistemebSi binadroben iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myoficxovelebisa da mcenareebis saxeobebi. mcenareTagan bevria endemuri dagamyinvarebis periodis gadmonaSTi.tyeebi ZiriTadad saxelmwifo satyeo departamentis gamgeblobaSia.sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi yofnisas saqarTvelos xe-tyeruseTidan Semohqonda, ase rom, sakuTari tyeebis didi raodenobaxeluxlebeli rCeboda. saqarTvelos tyeebis umetesoba axlacklasificirdeba rogorc dacviTi mniSvnelobis, amitom xe-tyis WraSezRudulia. miuxedavad amisa, mainc xdeba tyis ukanono Wra. satyeodepartamenti ver axorcielebs ukanono Wrebis saTanado kontrols. WraZiriTadad mimdinareobs SeSis adgilobrivi moxmarebis mizniT. xe-tyismorebis saxiT eqsports xels uwyobs qveyanaSi am resursiTsargeblobaze dawesebuli dabali gadasaxadi, romelic srulad ariTvaliswinebs tyis dacvis, movlisa da aRdgenis xarjebs, asevearapirdapir sargebels, romelic dakavSirebulia tyis ekologiurfunqciebTan.5.7.2. satyeo meurneobis sferoSi gansaxorcielebeliRonisZiebebityis resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebis, metad saTuTi mTis tyeebis,biomravalferovnebis da ekologiuri wonasworobis SenarCunebismizniT, msoflio bankis mxardaWeriT, garemos dacvis moqmedebaTaerovnul programasTan erTad SemuSavda `saqarTvelos satyeomeurneobis ganviTarebis strategia~. strategiaSi satyeo meurneobaganxilulia im problemaTa konteqstSi, romlebic aferxeben mismdgrad ekologiur, socialur da ekonomikur ganviTarebas. amasTan,gansazRvrulia gardamaval periodSi satyeo meurneobis mdgradiganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT gansaxorcielebeli instituciuricvlilebebisa da sainvesticio proeqtebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi.strategiaSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom satyeo meurneobis marTvisarsebuli sistema Camoyalibda centralizebuli dagegmvis periodSi daver pasuxobs realobidan gamomdinare moTxovnebs satyeo dargis mimarT.sabWoTa kavSiris dros satyeo meurneobebs hqondaT sameurneo64

angariSebi, magram maTi Senaxvis xarjebi ZiriTadad finansdebodasaxelmwifo biujetidan. saqarTveloSi Seqmnili rTuli ekonomikurimdgomareobis gamo saSualovadian periodSi merqnis Semotana metadgaZneldeba am resursze maRali msoflio sabazro fasisgaTvaliswinebiT. amitom satyeo meurneobis dargSi unda ganxorcieldesiseTi politika, romelic tyeebis ekologiuri, socialuri, dacviTi dasxva funqciebis SenarCunebasTan erTad, SeZlebisdagvarad,uzrunvelyofs qveynis erovnuli meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiromerqanze gazrdili moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas da misigadamuSavebis Sedegad miRebuli produqciis msoflio bazarze gatanas.satyeo meurneobis sferoSi reformebi unda ganxorcieldes Semdegiprioritetuli mimarTulebebiT:• tyis ekosistemebis mravalferovnebis SenarCunebis uzrunvelyofa;• tyis resursebis TviTaRdgeniTi procesebis mimdinareobisstabilurobis uzrunvelyofa;• satyeo meurneobis sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa;• satyeo meurneobis sferoSi dasaqmebul muSakTa kvalifikaciisamaRleba da momzadeba tyis resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebissakiTxebSi, maTi socialuri dacvisa da ekonomikuri pirobebisgaumjobesebis uzrunvelyofa;• satyeo meurneobis sistemis reforma misTvis samewarmeo funqciebisTandaTan Camocilebis gziT;• satyeo meurneobis dargSi kerZo investiciaTa mozidvis mizniTsaTanado pirobebis Seqmna.5.8. Ggaremos dacvis globaluri problemebi5.8.1. klimatis cvlileba80-iani wlebidan msoflio sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi sulufro metad eqceva klimatis mdgomareobaze adamianis saqmianobispotenciuri zegavlenis problema: am saqmianobis Sedegad izrdeba e.w.saTburis efeqtis mqone nivTierebaTa koncentracia atmosferoSi, racxels uSlis dedamiwis zedapiridan gamosxivebuli infrawiTelitalRebis gasvlas kosmosSi da iwvevs globalur daTbobas Cvensplanetaze. klimatis globaluri cvlilebis Tavidan asacileblad 1992wels qalaq rio-de-JaneiroSi msoflios 155-ma qveyanam xeli moaweragaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis CarCo-konvencias klimatiscvlilebis Sesaxeb (UNFCCC), romelic iTvaliswinebs konvenciis monawileqveynebis mier saTburis efeqtis mqone nivTierebaTa atmosferul haerSiemisiis Semcirebas momaval aTwleulebSi.1994 wlis oqtomberSi saqarTvelo SeuerTda konvencias klimatiscvlilebis Sesaxeb. 1996 wels saqarTvelos prezidentis #630brZanebulebiT Seiqmna klimatis cvlilebis problemaTa saxelmwifokomisia. miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba konvenciis farglebSi qveynis65

valdebulebaTa Sesabamisad klimatis cvlilebisadmi adekvaturiadaptaciis RonisZiebebis da klimatis cvlilebis erovnuli programisada samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebis Sesaxeb. garemosa da bunebriviresursebis dacvis saministros hidrometeorologiis departamentSiSeiqmna klimatis kvlevis erovnuli centri, romelsac daevalazemoaRniSnuli programisa da gegmis SemuSaveba. amasTan, es centri 1997wlis ianvridan gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis ganviTarebisprogramis (UNDP) daxmarebiT da globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisdafinansebiT axorcielebs proeqts `daxmarebis gawevasaqarTvelosaTvis klimatis cvlilebis CarCo-konvenciis farglebSi misvaldebulebaTa Sesasruleblad~. konvenciis samdivnosTvis moxsenebismosamzadeblad dasrulda 1980-1997 wlebSi saqarTveloSi saTburisefeqtis mqone airebis gafrqvevaTa inventarizacia (amgvari airebisemisiebis Sesaxeb monacemebi seqtorebis mixedviT warmodgenilia #5cxrilSi).inventarizaciis Sedegebis mixedviT, saTburis efeqtis mqoneairebis jamurma gafrqvevam erT sul mosaxleze maqsimalur donesmiaRwia 1985 wels da naxSirorJangis (CO 2 ) ekvivalentze gadaangariSebiTweliwadSi 8.6 tona Seadgina. 1992-1996 wlebSi es sidide 2,6 tonamdeSemcirda. 1997 wlidan saqarTveloSi ekonomikis gajansaRebasTan erTadkvlav daiwyo aRniSnuli maCveneblis zrda da am wels 3,8 tona Seadgina.saTburis efeqtis mqone airebidan saqarTveloSi umTavresadgaifrqveva naxSirorJangi (saTbobis wvidan). saTburis efeqtis mixedviTam airis wili saerTo emisiebSi 78%-dan 65%-mde Semcirda 1990-1997wlebSi, magram bolo dros SeiniSneba misi zrdis tendencia qveynisekonomikis ganviTarebis kvalobaze. gaizarda naxSirorJangis emisiebSiavtotransportis roli (cxrili #5).cxrili #5. saqarTveloSi saTburis efeqtis mqone airebis emisiisjamuri maxasiaTeblebi (aTasi tona)saTburis efeqtis mqone airebi 1980 1985 1990 1995 1997CO 2 , maT Soris, 34 593 39 620 36 422 5 344 9 177saTbobis wvisgan, maT Soris, 30 976 35 883 33 814 3 877 7 336stacionaruli wyaroebidan 28 186 32 688 30 676 2 447 4 470avtotransportidan 2 790 3 195 3 138 1 430 2 866industriuli procesebidan 1 200 1 259 1 042 136 207tyiTsargeblobidan 1 576 1 658 664 784 937soflis meurneobidan 841 820 902 547 696CH 4 (ZiriTadad energetikidan, soflismeurneobidan da narCenebisdamuSavebidan)379.8 411.2 356.4 151.9 163.2igive, CO 2 –is ekvivalentSi 7 976 8 635 7 484 3 190 3 427N 2 O (ZiriTadad soflis meurneobidan) 8.435 8.598 7.895 3.273 4.362igive, CO 2 –is ekvivalentSi 2 615 2 665 2 447 1 015 1 352jami CO 2 –is ekvivalentSi 45 188 50 916 46 345 9 509 14 037jami C ekvivalentSi 12 324 13 886 12 640 2 593 3 82866

klimatis kvlevis erovnulma centrma Seafasa saqarTveloSiklimatis cvlilebis gamovlenis intensivoba, saqarTvelos mgrZnobiareekosistemaTa mowyvladoba da saqarTvelos ekonomikis mgrZnobelobaklimatis cvlilebisadmi. kerZod, gaanalizda saqarTvelos teritoriazehaeris saSualo wliuri temperaturisa da atmosferuli naleqebissaSualo wliuri raodenobis cvlileba bolo 80-100 wlis monacemTamixedviT da dadginda cvlilebaTa zogadi tendenciebi:temperaturisaTvis _ 0.5 0 C daTboba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da 0.3 0 Cagrileba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, naleqebisaTvis _ 10-15%-iT zrdasaqarTvelos baris mTel rig raionebSi da 15-20%-iT Semcirebakavkasionis mTian raionebSi, gansakuTrebiT mis aRmosavleT seqtorSi.am tendenciaTa gagrZelebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenossaqarTvelos soflis meurneobas. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSitemperaturis 1 0 C-mde momatebis SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia xorblisa dasimindis mosavlianobis 30%-iT Semcireba, xolo dasavleTsaqarTveloSi temperaturis dakleba sagrZnoblad SezRudavs amregionSi tradiciul _ Cais warmoebas. foTi-sufsis monakveTzegamovlinda Savi zRvis donis zrdis (weliwadSi 4-5,6 mm-iT) tendencia,rac safrTxes uqmnis am teritoriaze dagegmil umniSvnelovanesobieqtebs da gamoiwvevs did ekonomikur zarals. msoflio okeanisdaTbobam ganapiroba wylis siRrmuli cirkulaciis gaZliereba SavzRvaSi, ris Sedegadac sanapiro zolSi daiwia zRvis zedapiristemperaturam (bolo 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi 1 0 C-iT), es ki TandaTanamcirebs sarekreacio periods.klimatis cvlilebis erovnuli programisa da samoqmedo gegmisSemuSavebis procesSi gamoikveTa sainvesticio proeqtebisganxorcielebis ramdenime prioritetuli mimarTuleba:• Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis adaptacia klimatis cvlilebisadmi;• energoefeqturobis amaRleba eleqtroenergiis warmoebis, gadacemisada moxmarebis seqtorebSi;• ganaxlebadi energoresursebis (hidroenergia, mzisa da qarisenergiebi, biomasa, geoTermuli wylebi) gamoyeneba siTbosa daeleqtroenergiis warmoebaSi;• saTburis efeqtis mqone airebis emisiis Semcireba mrewvelobaSi.klimatis cvlilebis Sesaxeb konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebulimeqanizmebis saqarTveloSi asamoqmedeblad pirobebis momzadebis mizniTsamoqmedo gegma iTvaliswinebs saTburis efeqtis mqone airebis emisiisSemcirebis SesaZleblobaTa gamovlenas. amasTan dakavSirebiTSeswavlili unda iqnes Semdegi perspeqtivebi:• hidroenergetikis ganviTarebisa da arsebuli mcire hesebisreabilitaciisa;• arsebuli nagavsayrelebis saTanado mowyobisa da narCenebisgadamuSavebisa;• satransporto saSualebebidan saTburis efeqtis mqone airebisemisiis Semcirebisa;• tyis resursebis, rogorc saTburis efeqtis mqone airebis STanTqmiswyaros SenarCuneba da ganviTareba.67

5.8.2. stratosferuli ozonis Sris daSla70-iani wlebSi dawyebuli dakvirvebebi cxadyofs, romstratosferoSi ozonis (O 3 ) raodenoba kvlav mcirdeba. es procesiyvelaze metad SeiniSneba antarqtidisa da arqtikis raionebSi.dadgenilia, rom ozons Slis qlorisa da bromis SenaerTebi. esnivTierebebi stratosferoSi ZiriTadad xvdeba atmosferoSiqlorftornaxSirbadebisa (CFCs) da bromqlornaxSirbadebis emisiisgziT, romlebic gamoiyeneba macivrebSi, kondicionerebSi, aerozolebSi,gamwmend saSualebebSi, cecxlsaqrobebSi da sxv.stratosferuli ozonis daSla ganapirobebs kosmosidan momdinareultraiisferi _ B gamosxivebis ufro meti raodenobiT moxvedrasdedamiwis zedapirze, rasac mohyveba arasasurveli qimiuri dabiologiuri procesebi cocxal organizmebSi. ultraiisferma sxivebmaSeiZleba gamoiwvios kanis kibo, kataraqta, imunuri sistemis rRveva daadamianis janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi sxva daavadebebi, agreTve florisada faunis saxeobebis ganadgureba.saqarTvelo mxars uWers msoflio sazogadoebis Zalisxmevas,romelic stratosferuli ozonis Sris Semcirebis aRkveTiskenaamimarTuli. amasTan, qveynis xelisuflebas miaCnia, rom problemisgadasawyvetad metad mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso donezeTanamSromloba. 1995 wels saqarTvelo SeuerTda ozonis Sris dacvisSesaxeb venis konvencias (vena, 1985) da ozondamSlel nivTierebaTaSesaxeb monrealis oqms (monreali, 1987). mzaddeba monrealis oqmislondonis, kopenhagenisa da monrealis Sesworebebisadmi mierTeba.saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs ozondamSlel nivTierebaTamwarmoebeli obieqtebi. amgvar nivTierebaTa wliuri moxmarebis done araRemateba 0.3 kg-s erT sul mosaxleze. amitom saqarTvelom moiTxova,rom igi monrealis oqmis me-5 muxlis farglebSi klasificirebuliyofiliyo moqmed mxared _ e.w. ganviTarebad qveynad monrealis oqmismiznebisaTvis. aseTi klasifikacia saqarTvelos saSualebas miscemda,mieRo finansuri daxmareba am oqmis mravalmxrivi fondidan.saqarTvelos moTxovna dakmayofilda 1996 wlis noemberSi, monrealisoqmis mxareTa merve Sexvedraze.1997 wlis ganmavlobaSi globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisfinansuri daxmarebiT dazustda saqarTveloSi ozondamSlelnivTierebaTa moxmarebis done sabazo (1996) wlisaTvis, Sedga am doniscvlilebis prognozi momdevno wlebisaTvis, SemuSavda ozondamSlelnivTierebaTa xmarebidan amoRebis erovnuli programa da moqmedebaTagegma. gamokvlevebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi 1996 wels moxmarebuli iqnaozondamSlel nivTierebaTa daaxloebiT 26 tona ODP (ozonis daSlispotenciali). am raodenobis umTavresi nawili samacivro teqnikisSekeTebisa da momsaxurebis seqtorze modis. Sesabamisad, Camoyalibdamacivaragentebis marTvis gegma, romelic gulisxmobs macivaragentebisimportze kontrolis gaZlierebas, macivris teqnikosTa gadamzadebas,samacivro teqnikis SekeTebisas naxmari macivaragentebis Segrovebasa dareciklirebas. erovnuli programa da moqmedebaTa gegma gulisxmobs68

monrealis oqmis A danarTiT gaTvaliswinebul ozondamSlelnivTierebaTa importis srul Sewyvetas 2005 wlisaTvis. am oqmismravalmxrivi fondis sazedamxedvelo sabWom daamtkica 1998-2000 wlebSigansaxorcielebeli Semdegi RonisZiebebis dafinanseba:1. instituciuri ganviTareba monrealis oqmisganxorcielebisaTvis (aRmasrulebeli saagento _ gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis garemosdacviTi programa (UNEP));2. ozondamSlel nivTierebaTa importis aRricxvisa da kontrolisswavleba (aRmasrulebeli saagento _ gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis garemosdacviTi programa);3. samacivro dargis teqnikosTa gadamzadeba (aRmasrulebelisaagento _ gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis garemosdacviTiprograma);4. macivaragentebis Segrovebisa da gasufTavebis programisganxorcieleba(aRmasrulebeli saagento _ gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisganviTarebis programa).saqarTvelos xelisuflebam maqsimalurad unda Seuwyos xelisaTanado organizaciebs am proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi, raTa qveyanamSeZlos mis mier monrealis oqmis farglebSi nakisr valdebulebaTaSesruleba.5.8.3. biomravalferovnebamiuxedavad imisa, rom bolo aTwleulebSi msoflio sazogadoebamaRiara biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis udidesi mniSvnelobakacobriobis axlandeli da momavali TaobebisaTvis, Cveni planetisbiologiuri resursebi kvlav swrafi tempiT mcirdeba. msoflios arcerTi regioni ar aris dazRveuli am ekologiuri problemisagan. amitomyvela qveyana valdebulia daicvas florisa da faunis saxeobebisakuTar teritoriaze da amiT xeli Seuwyos globaluribiomravalferovnebis SenarCunebas. es gansakuTrebiT exeba im qveynebs,romlebic jer kidev gamoirCevian saxeobaTa da ekosistemaTamravalferovnebiT.am TvalsazrisiT erT-erT mniSvnelovan qveyanas warmoadgenssaqarTvelo. miuxedavad mravalsaukunovani sameurneo zemoqmedebisa(tyis Wra, Zoveba, sakomunikacio saSualebebis gayvana, turizmi,monadireoba da sxv.), saqarTvelos floras, faunas, ekosistemebsa dalandSaftebs dResac iSviaTi mravalferovneba axasiaTebs. tyiTdafarulia qveynis teritoriis TiTqmis 40% (2,75 milioni heqtari),aqedan xelovnur tyeebs mxolod 59500 ha uWiravs. faqtobrivadxeluxlebelia bunebrivi tyeebis daaxloebiT 5% _ e.w. `gadaberebuli,xeluxlebeli tyeebi~, xolo pirvelad struqturas inarCunebs 40%.tyeebis aseTi ekologiuri monacemebi evropis qveynebSi iSviaTia.saqarTvelos tyeebi mniSvnelovania ara marto biomravalferovnebis,aramed globaluri klimatis cvlilebis TvalsazrisiTac.69

saqarTveloSi xarobs 5000-mde saxeobis veluri da gavelurebulifarul- da SiSvelTeslovani da 8300-mde sporovani mcenare. amasTan,floraSi didia endemuri saxeobebis wili. gvimranair da Teslovanvelur mcenareTa Soris 380 saqarTvelos da 1000-mde kavkasiis endemia.mravalferovania cxovelTa samyaroc. gvxvdeba ZuZumwovarTa 100-mde,frinvelebis 330-ze meti, qvewarmavlebis 48, amfibiebis 11, Tevzebis 160-mde da uxerxemloTa aTasobiT saxeoba.biomravalferovnebis dacvis mizniT saqarTveloSi 90-ian wlebamdeSeiqmna nakrZalebis farTo qseli. amJamad aq 15 saxelmwifo nakrZalia(ix suraTi #11) romelTa saerTo farTobi 168800 ha-s aRemateba, racsaqarTvelos teritoriis 2,4%-s Seadgens. 13 nakrZali Setanilia bunebisdacvis kavSiris (IUCN) mier 1990 wels gamocemul msoflios erovnuliparkebisa da daculi teritoriebis erTian siaSi. garda amisa,saqarTveloSi arsebobs axlo zonis sakurorto tyeebi (115100 ha), mwvanezona (265700 ha) da sxva teritoriebi, sadac dacvis garkveuli reJimebimoqmedebs. Tumca saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis (romlebicmetwilad sabWoTa periodSi Seiqmna) statusi umravles SemTxvevaSi arSeesabameba saerTaSoriso kriteriumebiT gansazRvrul daculiteritoriebis kategoriebs.70

suraTi #.10. N N71

suraTi # 11.72

olo wlebSi qveyanaSi Seqmnilma rTulma ekonomikurma dasocialurma mdgomareobam Tavisi kvali daaCnia dacul teritoriebs.ver xerxdeba maTi saTanado movla da dacva akrZaluli sameurneo dasxva saqmianobebisagan.1994 wels saqarTvelo SeuerTda konvencias `biologiurimravalferovnebis Sesaxeb~ (rio-de-Janeiro, 1992), xolo 1996 wels _konvenciebs `saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis Warbteniani, gansakuTrebiTwylis frinvelTa sabinadrod vargisi teritoriebis Sesaxeb~ (ramsari,1971) da `gadaSenebis piras myofi veluri fauniTa da floriTsaerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb~ (CITES, vaSingtoni, 1973), ramac Seqmnabiomravalferovnebis dacvis sferoSi moqmedebaTa gaaqtiurebisa dasaerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis gafarToebis safuZveli. 1996 welsmiRebul iqna kanoni `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~, romelicgansazRvravs daculi teritoriebis kategoriebs, mowyobis normebs damoqmedebis reJimebs saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad.gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis garemosdacviTi programis daqarTuli arasamTavrobo organizaciis `noes kidobanis~ miererToblivad Seswavlili iqna biomravalferovnebis mdgomareobasaqarTveloSi (UNEP/NACRES, 1996). daculi teritoriebis SemdgomiganviTarebis gzaze ukve gadaidga konkretuli nabijebi, kerZod:• germaniis mTavrobis finansuri daxmarebiT daarsda da 1999 welsamoqmedda borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki;• Savi zRvis integrirebuli marTvis mimdinare proeqtiT, romelicxorcieldeba globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa da msofliobankis finansuri mxardaWeriT, saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi iqmnebaWarbteniani daculi teritoriebis sistema _ kolxeTis erovnuliparki;• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis qselisgafarToebis mizniT dagegmilia TuSeTis erovnuli parkisa dadaculi landSaftis da vaSlovnis erovnuli parkis Seqmna, agreTvelagodexis uZvelesi nakrZalis Semdgomi ganviTareba. amJamadmsoflio bankTan erTad mzaddeba am daculi teritoriebisganviTarebis proeqti.saqarTveloSi biomravalferovnebis SesanarCuneblad mTavarstrategiul mimarTulebas tradiciulad warmoadgens daculiteritoriebis ganviTareba, Tumca Tanamedrove garemosdacviTpolitikaSi gamoikveTa sxva prioritetuli mimarTulebebic, kerZod:• konservacia _ iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi saxeobebisbiorezervatebSi SenarCuneba;• veluri bunebis genofondis Seqmna;• bunebrivi aRdgenadi resursebis mdgradi gamoyeneba;• aRwarmoeba _ iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi saxeobebisxelovnurad moSeneba da Semdgom maTi bunebaSi introduqcia.am mxriv gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi detalurad iqnebawarmodgenili `biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategiasa da moqmedebaTagegmaSi~, romlis proeqti ukve momzadda garemosa da bunebrivi73

esursebis dacvis saministros koordinaciiT da globalurigaremosdacviTi fondis finansuri daxmarebiT. am dokumentssaqarTvelos mTavroba uaxloes momavalSi ganixilavs dasamtkiceblad.5.9. garemos dacvis da bunebaTsargeblobis saxelmwifomarTvis sistemaSi arsebuli problemebi da am sferoSigansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi5.9.1. sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiarsebuli problemebi:garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis sferoSisaqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mTavar naklovanebas warmoadgensis, rom am sferos maregulirebeli kanonebi dadgenilia samarTliszogadi normebis safuZvelze da maT Sesasruleblad umetes SemTxvevaSiar aris miRebuli detalizebuli kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi.amgvari viTarebis ganmapirobebeli erT-erTi mTavari faqtoria garemosdacvisa da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis sferoSi kanonqvemdebarenormatiuli aqtebis SemuSavebis mcire gamocdileba da maT SemuSavebazepasuxismgebeli xelisuflebis organoebis instituciuri sisuste.arasakmarisi finansuri uzrunvelyofa da saTanado kvalifikaciismqone kadrebis nakleboba, romlebic pasuxismgebelni unda iyvnenkanonis moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis saxelmwifo kontrolze, xels uSlismiRebuli kanonebis aRsrulebas.qveyanaSi moqmedi garemos xarisxobrivi mdgomareobis normebiemyareba sabWoTa kavSirSi dadgenil normebs. Anormebis umravlesobaimdenad mkacria, rom maTi moTxovnebis Sesruleba dRes praqtikuladSeuZlebelia.gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi:garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis sferoSiaucilebelia iseTi sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare aqtebis miReba,romlebic moawesrigeben:• narCenebis (saxifaTo narCenebis CaTvliT) marTvas;• sawarmoebSi garemosdacviTi auditis Catarebas;• garemoze mavne zemoqmedebisaTvis samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisa dazianis anazRaurebis samarTlebriv sakiTxebs.saSualo- da grZelvadian periodSi miRebuli unda iqnes garemosxarisxobrivi mdgomareobis normebi, romlebic SeesabamebasaerTaSoriso standartebis organizaciis da msoflio jandacvisorganizaciis mier, aseve evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilnormebs. zog SemTxvevaSi saWiro iqneba Sualeduri standartebisSemoReba da garkveul periodSi maTi miaxloeba saerTaSoriso74

normebTan.75

5.9.2. ekonomikuri instrumentebiarsebuli problemebi:ukanaskneli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi msoflios ganviTarebulqveynebSi sul ufro metad mkvidrdeba garemosdacviT politikaSiekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyenebis praqtika. aRiarebulia, romekonomikuri stimulebis amoqmedeba xSirad ufro efeqturi saSualebaagaremos dabinZurebis Sesamcireblad, vidre am mizniT tradiciuli`mbrZaneblur-makontrolebeli~ meTodebis gamoyeneba.saqarTvelos sakuTari gamocdileba aqvs garemosdacviTi mizniTekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyenebaSi: qveyanaSi 1993 wlidanmoqmedebs `gadasaxadi garemos mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisaTvis~,xolo 1994 wlidan _ `gadasaxadi bunebrivi resursebiTsargeblobisaTvis~. garemos mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisaTvisgadasaxadi vrceldeba 200-mde nivTierebaze, romlebic atmosferulhaerSi SeiZleba iqnes gafrqveuli, da 140-mde nivTierebaze, romlebiczedapirul wylebSi SeiZleba iqnes CaSvebuli dabinZurebisstacionaruli wyaroebidan, agreTve sawvavis importsa da warmoebaze.bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxadi vrceldebawiaRiseulis, zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebis, florisa da faunissaxeobebis garemodan amoRebaze. garemos dacvisa da bunebriviresursebiT sargeblobis sferoSi administraciulisamarTaldarRvevebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia Sesabamisi saxdeli.saqarTveloSi garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebis efeqturfunqcionirebasTan dakavSirebulia Semdegi ZiriTadi problemebi:• gadasaxadebis sistema metad rTulia monitoringis da marTvisTvalsazrisiT – SeuZlebelia 340 nivTierebis emisiis monitoringi,potenciuri gadasaxadebis da Semosavlebis raodenobis gaangariSebada kontroli, es ki amcirebs gadasaxadebis srulad akrefisSesaZleblobas;• gadasaxadebi dawesebulia adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis da sxvacocxali organizmebisaTvis metad saxifaTo nivTierebebzec,romelTa garemoSi gafrqveva mkacrad unda izRudebodes da romelTamimarTac ekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyeneba naklebad efeqturia;• sawvavze garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebis arsebuli sistema ZiriTadadmxolod saxelmwifo biujetSi Semosavlebis Setanis funqciasasrulebs da naklebad uwyobs xels ekologiurad ufro sufTasawvavis an ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyenebas;• ar xdeba gadasaxadebidan Semosuli Tanxebis miznobrivi xarjvagaremosdacviTi RonisZiebebis dasafinanseblad, rac ganpirobebuliaimiT, rom qveyanaSi ar arsebobs instituciuri meqanizmi, romelicuzrunvelyofda am Semosavlis akumulirebas da efeqtur ganawilebas.76

gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi:garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebi unda asrulebdnen Semdeg ZiriTadfunqciebs: ekonomikur stimuls aZlevdnen dambinZurebels garemosdabinZurebis Sesamcireblad da bunebrivi resursebis efeqturadgamosayeneblad; qmnidnen Semosavals saxelmwifos mier garemosdacviTiRonisZiebebis dasafinanseblad. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnesmiRebuli is, rom garemos dabinZurebis Sesamcireblad ekonomikuriinstrumentebis amoqmedeba yovelTvis ar aris ufro efeqturi, vidre`mbrZaneblur-makontrolebeli~ meTodebis gamoyeneba. gasaxadebissistemis zedamxedveloba da administrireba ar unda iyos rTuli da arunda iwvevdes did danaxarjebs. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTveloSiarsebuli garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebis sistema moiTxovs mniSvnelovancvlilebebs Semdegi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebiT:• gadasaxadebis SenarCuneba iseT nivTierebebze, romelTa gafrqveviswyaroebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli an/da romelTac ar gaaCniaTadamianis janmrTelobasa da garemoze Zlieri pirdapiri zemoqmedebisunari (mag., CO 2 , NOx, SOx). garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiTgadasaxadebis efeqturobis gaZlierebis mizniT ganxilul unda iqneszogierT aseT nivTierebaze (mag. CO, CO 2 ) gadasaxadis normis gazrdissakiTxi;iseT nivTierebaTa gafrqvevaze, romlebsac adamianis janmrTelobasada garemoze Zlieri pirdapiri zemoqmedebis unari aqvT (mag.,vercxliswyali, tyvia, sxva mZime metalebi, dariSxani, cianidebi daa.S.), ufro efeqturi iqneba pirdapiri kontrolis gaZlierebaekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyenebis nacvlad;zogierT nivTierebaze gadasaxadebis gauqmebis saWiroeba imiTac arisganpirobebuli, rom SeuZlebelia 340 nivTierebis emisiismonitoringi, aRricxva da Sesabamisad maTze gadasaxadebis akrefissistemis saTanado kontroli, garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiTgadasaxadebis efeqturobis Sefaseba da marTva;• sawvavze unda dawesdes iseTi garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebi,romlebic mwarmoebels, importiorsa da momxmarebels miscemenekonomikur stimuls ekologiurad ufro sufTa sawvavis warmoebis,Semotanisa da moxmarebisaTvis. am TvalsazrisiT saWiroa sawvavzegaremosdacviTi gadasaxadis diferencireba, mag., tyviisa da gogirdisSemcvelobis mixedviT;• unda SemuSavdes da amoqmeddes ekonomikuri instrumentebi, romlebicxels Seuwyoben Sxamqimikatebis naklebad gamoyenebas soflismeurneobaSi, narCenebis warmoSobis Semcirebas warmoebasa da yofacxovrebaSi,agreTve warmoSobili narCenebis gadamuSavebasa dareciklirebas;• saxelmwifo biujeti ufro gamWvirvale unda gaxdes garemos dacvazegaweuli xarjebis asaxvis TvalsazrisiT;• garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan miRebuli Tanxebi gamoyenebuli undaiqnes garemosdacviT RonisZiebaTa gansaxorcieleblad. am mizniTsaWiroa saSualovadian periodSi Seiqmnas garemos dacvissaxelmwifo fondi, romelic uzrunvelyofs aRniSnuli Semosavlisgamoyenebas prioritetuli ekologiuri problemebis gadasawyvetad77

aucilebeli saqmianobisaTvis.saxelmwifos mier garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebis miznobrivixarjvis uzrunvelyofa, erTi mxriv, Seqmnis gadasaxadis gadaxdisstimuls, xolo, meore mxriv, gaaZlierebs donori qveynebisa dasaerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis mzadyofnas _ gazardongaremos dacvis sferoSi saqarTvelosTvis gaweuli daxmarebismoculoba. aseve SesaZlebeli gaxdeba, rom kreditor qveynebTandaiwyos molaparakeba qveynis sagareo valis nawilis Camowerazegaremos dacvisaTvis daxarjuli Tanxebis sanacvlod.5.9.3. garemos dacvaze saxelmwifo kontroliarsebuli problemebi:saqarTveloSi garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvazesaxelmwifo kontrolis funqcia dakisrebuli aqvs garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros, aseve TavianTi kompetenciisfarglebSi – Sesabamisad janmrTelobis dacvisa da Sinagan saqmeTasaministroTa daqvemdebarebaSi myof sanitariul-higienur samsaxurs daekologiur policias.garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis organoTamakontrolebel muSakebs (inspeqtorebs) ar gaaCniaT saTanado teqnikuriaRWurviloba da Sesabamisi kvalifikacia kontrolis efeqturadgansaxorcieleblad. isini uflebamosilni arian Seamowmon da aiRonsinjebi im sawarmoebidan da organizaciebidan, romelTa saqmianobaSeiZleba mavne zemoqmedebas axdendes garemoze. Tumca umetesSemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT dadgenilidetalizebuli normebi, romelTac daeyrdnobodnen aRniSnuliorganoebis muSakebi dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesasruleblad.ekologiuri policia valdebulia gamoavlinos ukanono tyis Wra,TevzWera da nadiroba. mas ufleba aqvs Sesabamis organoebTan erTadimoqmedos epidemiebis SesaZlo gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg dagamoaaSkaraos sawarmoebSi garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevisSemTxvevebi. Tumca umetes SemTxvevaSi ekopoliciis TanamSromlebs argaaCniaT sakmarisi codna da momzadeba aseTi amocanebisSesasruleblad. amasTan, ekologiur policiasa da garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros organoebs Soris funqciebimkafiod ar aris ganawilebuli.gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi:garemos dacvis sferoSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobisaRsrulebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba kontrolis sistemisgaZlierebas, kerZod: mkafiod unda ganisazRvros makontrolebeliorganoebis ufleba-movaleobani; isini unda aRiWurvon dabinZurebisdonisa da masStabis dasadgenad saWiro aparaturiT; maTi muSaobis78

efeqturobas xels unda uwyobdes realurad ganxorcielebadigaremosdacviTi moTxovnebi da normebi. amasTan, garemos dacvissferoSi saxelmwifo kontrolze pasuxismgebloba mkveTrad undagaemijnos yvela sxva pasuxismgeblobebs, romlebic garemosa dabunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros teritoriul organoebsakisriaT (mag., bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobaze licenziebisa dagaremosdacviTi nebarTvebis gacema).garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis organoTa movaleobaunda gaxdes ara mxolod kanoniT gansazRvruli normebisa damoTxovnebis darRvevis gamoaSkaraveba, aramed mewarmeTaTvis iseTiRonisZiebebis SeTavazeba, romlebsac eqnebaT rogorc ekonomikuri, iseekologiuri sargebeli. am organoebs unda SeswevdeT unari da hqondeTufleba, awarmoon dialogi mewarmeebTan im mizniT, rom rekomendaciebimiscen maT da SeuTanxmdnen imis Taobaze, Tu ra periodSi da ra gziTunda gamoswordes an gaumjobesdes garemosdacviTi saqmianobaekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis xelis SeSlis gareSe. saWiroamakontrolebeli organoebis muSakTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba maT mieraxali funqciebis Sesasruleblad.5.9.4. garemos mdgomareobis da mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebismonitoringiarsebuli problemebi:1990 wlamde hidrometeorologiis departamentSi regularuladwarmoebda dakvirvebebi atmosferuli haeris, zedapiruli wylebis,atmosferuli naleqebis, Tovlis safaris, niadagis da Savi zRvissanapiro zolis mimdebare akvatoriis mavne qimiuri nivTierebebiTdabinZurebaze, agreTve atmosferuli haeris radiaqtiur dabinZurebaze.Semdgom periodSi qveyanaSi Seqmnili rTuli finansuri mdgomareobisgamo mniSvnelovnad Sesustda garemos dabinZurebis monitoringissistema. gaZnelda analitikuri xelsawyo-danadgarebis SekeTebis,ganaxlebis, metrologiuri uzrunvelyofis, saxarjo masalebis SeZenis,garemos sinjebis regularulad aRebis da analitikur centrebSioperatiulad Setanis organizeba. amis gamo garemos mdgomareobisSesaxeb sando monacemebis mopoveba metad garTulebulia.mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebis aRricxva warmoebs imave sistemiT,romelic gamoiyeneboda yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi. sawarmoebivaldebulni arian garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministros warudginon yovelwliuri angariSi haersa da wyalSigafrqveuli da CaSvebuli nivTierebebis da maTi odenobis Sesaxeb.emisiebis done ganisazRvreba gamoyenebul teqnologiebze dawarmoebuli produqciis moculobaze dayrdnobiT, amgvari meTodi ki ariTvaliswinebs teqnikuri dazianebis an teqnologiis araoptimalurifizikur-qimiuri parametrebiT muSaobis pirobebSi warmoqmnil emisiebs.amasTan, ar xdeba yvela sawarmos mier angariSis warmodgena.79

garemos mdgomareobis da mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebis Sesaxebpirveladi monacemebis naklebobasTan erTad saministro dgas arsebulmwir monacemTa damuSavebisa da analizis problemis winaSe, racsaTanado teqnikis, programuli uzrunvelyofis da gamocdilispecialistebis simciriT aris gamowveuli.gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi:garemos mdgomareobis monitoringis sferoSi SeqmnilisirTuleebis gamo specialuri saxelmwifo komisiis mier SemuSavebuliiqna da saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebiT damtkicda erovnuliprograma `saqarTveloSi hidrometeorologiisa da garemos dabinZurebismonitoringis sferoSi SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis gadaudebelRonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~. es programa miznad isaxavs aRniSnul sferoSiteqnikuri da teqnologiuri bazis ganmtkicebis, TanamedrovemoTxovnebis Sesabamisi infrastruqturis Seqmnis, saxelmwifo dasadamkvirveblo qselis optimizaciis, informaciis gadacemis, miRebis,damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis sistemis aRdgenasa da etapobrivganviTarebas. seriozuli Seferxebebia programis finansuriuzrunvelyofis saqmeSi. misi ganxorcielebisaTvis 1997-1998 wlebSisaxelmwifo biujetidan realurad gamoyofili Tanxebis odenobagaTvaliswinebulze daaxloebiT 60%-iT naklebi iyo, xolo adgilobrivibiujetidan gamoyofili Tanxebis odenoba gaTvaliswinebulis 2%-sac arSeadgenda. savaraudoa, rom momavalSic garTuldeba programisrealizebisaTvis saWiro saxsrebis miReba. programis saxelmwifo daadgilobrivi biujetebiT dafinansebaSi arsebuli deficitis Sesavsebadorientacia aRebuli unda iqnes ucxour investiciebze da saerTaSorisoorganizaciebis daxmarebaze.samrewvelo obieqtebidan emisiebis Sesaxeb obieqturi informaciismopovebis mizniT saWiroa Tanamedrove donis da Sesabamisikompleqtaciis ramdenime mobiluri da stacionaruli laboratoriisSeqmna, kadrebis kvalifikaciis amaRleba da samuSao aparaturiTaRWurva. unda gamkacrdes mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebis SesaxebangariSgebis moTxovna sawarmoebisaTvis.saWiroa programuli uzrunvelyofa monacemTa damuSavebisa daanalizisaTvis. am mizniT moklevadian periodSi unda Sefasdes dadetalurad aRiweros is teqnikuri saSualebebi (gamzomi mowyobilobebi,kompiuteruli teqnika, programuli uzrunvelyofa, satransportosaSualebebi da sxv. ), romlebic saWiro iqneba mavne nivTierebaTaemisiebis monitoringis da monacemTa damuSavebis sistemisdamakmayofilebel doneze funqcionirebisaTvis.saSualovadian periodSi unda momzaddes garemosdacviTi80

informaciis erovnuli strategia, romelic gansazRvravs:- ra monacemebi unda iqnes mopovebuli garemos mdgomareobazezusti da obieqturi warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad;- am monacemTa mopovebis, damuSavebis, analizis da informaciisgavrcelebis efeqtur gzebs da teqnikur saWiroebebs.uaxloes periodSi hidrometeorologiis departamentma undauzrunvelyos `garemos mdgomareobaze monitoringis Sesaxeb~kanonproeqtis SemuSaveba.unda moxdes garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministros, sxva dargobrivi saministroebisa da departamentebis,romlebic agroveben monacemebs garemos mdgomareobasa da resursebismoxmarebaze, saqmianobebisa da funqciebis gansazRvra am mimarTulebiT,raTa maqsimalurad iqnes Tavidan acilebuli qmedebaTa dublireba.5.9.5. sazogadoebis informireba da misi monawileobagaremoze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovangadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSikanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli uflebebisazogadoebis informireba da misi monawileoba garemozezemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisprocesSi aRiarebulia demokratiuli sazogadoebis mSeneblobisaucilebel saSualebad da mZlavr instrumentad saqarTvelos garemosdacvis sferoSi. `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ kanonis Tanaxmad, yoveladamians aqvs ufleba, miiRos drouli da zusti informacia garemosmdgomareobis Sesaxeb da monawileoba miiRos garemos dacvasTandakavSirebul gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi. kanoni`garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvravs sazogadoebisuflebas, miiRos informacia dagegmili saqmianobis da misiganxorcielebiT garemoze mosalodneli zemoqmedebis winaswariSefasebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebas nebismieri organizaciuliformiT ufleba aqvs sakuTari xarjiT damoukideblad Caatarosgaremoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba da miiRos amisTvis saWiro informacia.saqarTvelom xeli moawera orhusis (dania, 1998) konvencias`garemosTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze informaciis xelmisawvdomobis,gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobisa damarTlmsajulebasTan daSvebis Sesaxeb~. amJamad mimdinareobs muSaoba amkonvenciis saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebisaTvis.kanonproeqtebis gamoqveyneba da winaswari sajaro ganxilvasaqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli praqtikaa. garemosa da bunebriviresursebis dacvis saministrosTan arsebuli yvela uwyebaTaSorisisaeqsperto-salicenzio sabWos sxdomebi Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis.TiToeuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedis Sesabamisi kompetenciis mqonearasamTavrobo organizaciis gamocdili warmomadgeneli, romelsacufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos Sexvedraze gamarTul kenWisyraSi.saministro regularulad awyobs Sexvedrebs arasamTavroboorganizaciebTan da masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTawarmomadgenlebTan informaciis gacvlis mizniT.81

garemosdacviTi ganaTlebamiuxedavad kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli uflebebisa,sazogadoebis informireba, daintereseba da monawileobagaremosdacviTi problemebis gadawyvetaSi sasurvel doneze ar xdeba.amisi erT-erTi mTavari mizezia warsulSi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebissistemis arasrulyofileba da garemosdacviT informaciazexelmisawvdomobis SezRuduloba. dawyebiT da saSualo skolaSi dResacar arsebobs garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis erTiani sistema, Tumca amissaWiroeba farTodaa aRiarebuli. zogierT umaRles saswavlebelSi dakerZo saSualo saswavlo dawesebulebaSi iswavleba garemosdacviTidisciplinebi, magram maswavleblebi, saswavlo kursebi dasaxelmZRvaneloebi saTanadod moumzadebelia. arc erT umaRlessaswavlebelSi ar arsebobs garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis kaTedra,rac iwvevs am sferoSi maRalkvalificiuri iuristebis naklebobas.sazogadoebis informirebarTuli finansuri mdgomareobis gamo saxelmwifo veruzrunvelyofs masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT da perioduligamocemebiT sazogadoebis sistematur informirebas garemosdacviTiproblemebis Sesaxeb. garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis gaSuqeba masobriviinformaciis saSualebebSi ZiriTadad fragmentulia. am mxriv ufroaqtiuria arasamTavrobo seqtori. arsebobs mis mier gamocemuli mcireraodenobis regularuli publikaciebi, satelevizio daradiogadacemebi. Tumca arasamTavrobo organizaciebi ZiriTadaducxour daxmarebebze arian damokidebulni, rac maT saqmianobas amsferoSi aramdgrads xdis. Gmcirea gamocdileba maRali donis tele- da videomasalebismomzadebaSi. garemosdacviT problemebze momuSave Jurnalistebskvalifikaciis amaRleba esaWiroebaT.gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi• moklevadian periodSi unda SemuSavdes garemosdacviTi ganaTlebissaxelmwifo programa, romelic gansazRvravs asakobrivkategoriebTan adaptirebuli uwyveti garemosdacviTi ganaTlebisgansaxorcieleblad saWiro RonisZiebebs;• moklevadian periodSi ekologiuri da garemosdacviTi sakiTxebiCarTuli unda iqnes zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis ZiriTadsagnebSi;• saSualovadian periodSi unda momzaddes saxelmZRvaneloebi dameToduri miTiTebebi specialuri sagnis _ `garemos dacvissafuZlebi~ SemoRebisaTvis zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSiswavlebis me-10 da me-11 wlebSi. grZelvadian periodSi undamomzaddes analogiuri saxelmZRvaneloebi da meToduri miTiTebebiumaRlesi saswavleblebisaTvis. zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis82

maswavlebelTa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis profesormaswavlebelTakvalifikaciis amaRleba garemosdacviTi ganaTlebissaxelmwifo programis ganxorcielebis ganuyofel nawilad undaiqces;• unda Seiqmnas da didi tiraJiT gamoices garemosdacviTiterminologiis inglisur-qarTuli leqsikoni, rac xels Seuwyobs amsferoSi arsebuli ucxouri literaturis farTod gamoyenebas;• unda SemuSavdes da ganxorcieldes kvalifikaciis amaRlebisprograma JurnalistebisaTvis, romlebic gaaSuqeben garemosdacviTproblemebs, garemos dacvis sferoSi saqarTvelosa da msoflioSimimdinare politikur da sxva procesebs;• garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrom SesabamisorganizaciebTan erTad unda uzrunvelyos `garemos mdgomareobisSesaxeb~ erovnuli moxsenebis regularuli momzadeba da gavrceleba.unda gaumjobesdes sazogadoebis informireba garemos dacvissferoSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani programebis Sesaxeb, maT Soris, amprogramis Taobaze;• saqarTveloSi TandaTan izrdeba komunikaciis axali saSualebis _internetis gamoyeneba. amasTan dakavSirebiT garemosa da bunebriviresursebis dacvis saministrom internetSi unda Seqmnas sakuTari`gverdi~ (home page), sadac ganaTavsebs da regularulad ganaaxlebsinformacias saqarTveloSi garemos mdgomareobis, ekologiuriTvalsazrisiT `cxeli wertilebis~, daculi teritoriebis da sxvasakiTxebis Sesaxeb. aqve ganTavsdeba informacia mniSvnelovanigaremosdacviTi proeqtebis, garemosdacviT politikasa dakanonmdeblobaSi mimdinare movlenaTa Taobaze. internetis gverdiunda gaxdes gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis azrisgaTvaliswinebis mZlavri saSualeba.83

6. Semajamebeli nawilisaqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa erovnuli programis winaTavebSi aRwerili garemosdacviTi problemebis gadaWris mizniT,prioritetebis gansazRvrisa da saerTaSoriso safinansoorganizaciebTan da donor qveynebTan gamarTuli da mimdinaremolaparakebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SemuSavebul iqna 2000-2004 wlebSigaremos dacvis sferoSi gansaxorcielebel konkretul RonisZiebaTanusxa, romelTa realizebisaTvis saqarTvelo uzrunvelyofs sakuTariresursebis mobilizebas, xels Seuwyobs saerTaSoriso daxmarebismiRebasa da efeqtur gamoyenebas. amasTan, saqarTvelos xelisuflebaaRiarebs, rom aRniSnul RonisZiebaTa wre ar Semoifargleba mxolodqvemoT motanil Semajamebel cxrilSi CamoTvlili moqmedebebiT.piriqiT, es wre gafarTovdeba saxelmwifos ekonomikur ganviTarebasTanda misi finansuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebasTan erTad.84

# dasawyisidasas-ruliRonisZieba1. 2000 2001 Jinvali-Tbilisis sakanalizaciokoleqtoris da gardabnis wylisgamwmendi nagebobis reabilitaciisproeqtis momzadeba.2. 2000 2000 quTaisis wyalmomaragebis sistemisgaumjobesebis proeqtisaTvis teqnikurekonomikuridasabuTebis momzadeba.3. 2000 2003 Savi zRvis sanapiro zonisintegrirebuli marTvis (szim) proeqtisganxorcieleba, maT Soris, kolxeTiserovnuli parkis dafuZneba daganviTareba.4. 2000 2001 garemos dacvis sferoSi saerTaSorisostandartizaciis organizaciis (ISO) damsoflio jandacvis organizaciis (WHO)standartebis SemoRebisaTvis saWiromosamzadebeli samuSaoebisganxorcieleba.5. 2000 2000 garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministros specialistebis momzadebagazis da navTobis sabadoebis Ziebis,mopovebisa da transportirebis procesSigaremoze zemoqmedebis SefasebismeTodebSi.6. 2000 2000 garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministrosa da samrewvelo dargSimomuSave specialistebis momzadebaekologiurad ufro sufTa warmoebismeTodebSi.7. 2000 2001 garemos dacvis sferoSi sazogadoebrivicnobierebis amaRlebis programisganxorcieleba.8 2000 2000 mavne nivTierebebiT garemosdabinZurebisaTvis da bunebriviresursebiT sargeblobisaTvisgadasaxadebis efeqturobis Seswavla darekomendaciebis SemuSavebasagadasaxado kodeqsSi SesataniSesabamisi cvlilebebisa da damatebebispasuxismgebeli organizaciagaremosa dabunebriviresursebisdacvissaministro(gbrds).gbrds.gbrds;urbanizaciisada mSeneblobissaministro;szim erovnulicentri.gbrds;saqstandarti.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds.sxva monawilemxareebiTbilwyalkanali;msoflio banki;evrokavSiristeqnikuridaxmarebisprograma (TACIS);urbanizaciisa damSeneblobissaministro;jandacvissaministro.urbanizaciisa damSeneblobissaministro; TACIS;jandacvisfinansTasaministro;jandacvissaministro;msoflio banki;globaluriTACIS; jandacvissaministo.TACIS;jandacvissaministro.ekologiuradufro sufTawarmoebiserovnuli centri;garemosdacviTiekonomikissaerTaSorisoinstituti(SvedeTi);mrewvelobissaministro;jandacvissaministro.TACIS;arasamTavroboorganizaciebi.finansTasaministro; TACIS.

# dasawyisidasas-ruliRonisZiebaproeqtis momzadebis mizniT.9. 2000 2001 sawvavis xarisxisa da satransportosaSualebebidan gamonabolqvebiskontrolis sistemis gasaumjobesebladproeqtis momzadeba da Sesabamisidebulebebisa da normativebis SemuSaveba.10. 2000 garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvissaministros instituciuri ganviTarebisprogramis ganxorcieleba (programadawyebulia 1999 wlidan).pasuxismgebeli organizaciagbrds;transportissaministro.gbrds.sxva monawilemxareebisagzao policia;saxelmwifo sabaJodepartamenti;saqstandarti;gaerosganviTarebisprograma (UNDP);jandacvissaministro.UNDP; holandiismTavroba.11. 2000 2000 `narCenebis marTvis Sesaxeb~ kanonisa dakanonqvemdebare aqtebis miReba, romlebicmoawesrigeben narCenebis klasifikaciis,daxarisxebis,transportirebis,ganTavsebisa da gadamuSavebis sakiTxebs.12. 2000 2001 proeqtis `mdinare mtkvris wylisxarisxis monitoringi da Sefasebaazerbaijanis respublikasTan erTad~ganxorcieleba.13. 2000 2001 saministros struqturaSi proeqtebismomzadebis jgufis Seqmna, romelicimuSavebs garemosdacviTi proeqtebisidentifikaciaze da koordinacias gauwevsamgvari proeqtebis momzadebassaerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis,daxmarebis fondebisa da donoriqveynebisaTvis warsadgenad; donoriqveynebis daxmarebis moZiebaspecialistTa momzadebisa da saofiseteqnikiT da sxva saSualebebiTuzrunvelyofis mizniT.14. 2000 programis `instituciuri gaZlierebasaqarTveloSi ozondamSlelinivTierebebis xmarebidan amoRebismizniT” ganxorcieleba(programa dawyebulia 1998 wlidan).15. 2000 ozondamSleli (kerZod, CFC-12)macivaragentebis Segrovebis erovnuliprogramis ganxorcieleba (programadawyebulia 1998 wlidan).16 2000 saqarTveloSi tyviaSemcveli benzinisxmarebidan amoRebis SesaZleblobaTaSeswavlis programis ganxorcieleba(programa dawyebulia 1999 wlidan).saqarTvelosparlamenti.gbrds;jandacvissaministro.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds;jandacvissaministro.TACIS; azerbaijanisrespublikisekologiissaxelmwifokomiteti.gaerosgaremosdacviTiprograma (UNEP).saqarTvelosteqnikuriuniversiteti;UNDP.holandiismTavroba.86

# dasawyisidasas-ruliRonisZiebapasuxismgebeli organizaciasxva monawilemxareebi17. 2003 atlanturi zuTxis aRwarmoebisprogramis ganxorcieleba (programadawyebulia 1998 wlidan).18. 2000 2001 saqarTvelos zedapiruli wylebislicenzirebisaTvis wylis kadastrisSedgena.gbrds.gbrds.germaniis mTavroba.wyalmeurneobissaproeqtoinstituti.19. 2000 2000 garemosdacviTi fondis CamoyalibebisSesaZleblobaTa Seswavla darekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.gbrds.finansTasaministro.20. 2000 2002 Jinvali-Tbilisis sakanalizaciokoleqtoris reabilitacia.21. 2000 2001 `saavtomobilo sawvavis xarisxisa dasatransporto saSualebebidangamonabolqvebis kontrolis Sesaxeb~kanonisa da normebis miReba; kontrolissistemis gasaumjobeseblad specialistTamomzadeba da saTanado teqnikuriuzrunvelyofa; donorebis daxmarebismoZieba investiciebisaTvis.22. 2000 2002 borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkisSeqmnisaTvis sainvesticio RonisZiebaTaganxorcieleba.23. 2000 2002 warmoebaSi garemosdacviTi marTvisstandartizebuli sistemebis (mag., ISO14001, EMAS) SemoRebis wamaxalisebeliprogramis ganxorcieleba.24. 2000 2001 proeqtis `saqarTveloSi saTburisefeqtis mqone airebis emisiis SemcirebismizniT mcire hidroenergetikisganviTarebis gzaze barierebis moxsna~momzadeba.25. 2000 2001 aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi daculiteritoriebis ganviTarebis proeqtismomzadeba.urbanizaciisada mSeneblobissaministro.gbrds;saqarTvelosparlamenti.daculiteritoriebis,nakrZalebisa dasamonadireomeurneobebissax.departamentigbrds.klimatiskvleviserovnulicentri.daculiteritoriebis,nakrZalebisa damsoflio banki;saaqciosazogadoeba`saqwyalproeqti~;Tbilwyalkanali;saqwyalkanali.saqstandarti;saTbob-energetikissaministro;transportissaministro; sagzaopolicia;UNDP.gbrds;germaniis mTavroba;bunebis dacvismsoflio fondi(WWF).mrewvelobissaministro;saqstandarti.GEF.gbrds;urbanizaciisa damSeneblobis87

# dasawyisidasas-ruliRonisZieba26. 2001 2002 siTbosa da eleqtroenergiiskombinirebul gamomuSavebazesainvesticio proeqtebis momzadebaqalaqebSi atmosferuli haerisgaumjobesebis da energoefeqturobiszrdis programisaTvis; proeqtebiswardgena saerTaSoriso safinansoorganizaciebisa da donorebisaTvis.27. 2001 2001 sainvesticio proeqtebze winadadebaTamomzadeba ekologiurad ufro sufTawarmoebissademonstracioprogramisaTvis; proeqtebis wardgenasaerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebisada donorebisaTvis.28. 2001 2002 Savi zRvis dacvisa da reabilitaciisstrategiul moqmedebaTa erovnuliprogramiTgaTvaliswinebulisainvesticio proeqtebis momzadeba dasaerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebSiwardgena.29. 2001 2002 sainvesticio proeqtebze winadadebaTamomzadeba ekologiuri TvalsazrisiTsaukeTeso sasoflo-sameurneo praqtikissademonstracio programisaTvis dawinadadebebis wardgena saerTaSorisosafinanso organizaciebSi.pasuxismgebeli organizaciasamonadireomeurneobebissax.departamenti.gbrds;saTbobenergetikissaministro;jandacvissaministro.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds.sxva monawilemxareebisaministro; GEF;msoflio banki.GEF; donoriqveynebi.mrewvelobissaministro;ekologiurad ufrosufTa warmoebiserovnuli centri;jandacvissaministro.saerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi dadonori qveynebi.soflismeurneobisa dasursaTissaministro;jandacvissaministro; GEF.30. 2001 2003 energoefeqturobis zrdis daekologiurad ufro sufTa warmoebisprogramebis ganxorcieleba.31. 2001 2001 garemosdacviTi fondis SeqmnagaremosdacviTiRonisZiebaTadasafinanseblad.32. 2001 2002 saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebulivadagasuli Sxamqimikatebisa damineraluri sasuqebis ganTavsebismdgomareobis Seswavla.33. 2001 2002 teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebismomzadeba abasTumanSi sasmeli wyliTmomaragebis gasaumjobeseblad datuberkuloziT daavadebulTa samkurnalogbrds; saTbobenergetikissaministro;mrewvelobissaministro.gbrds; finansTasaministro.gbrds.gbrds;urbanizaciisada mSeneblobissaministro.saerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi dadonori qveynebi;GEF.saqarTvelosparlamenti.jandacvissaministro;soflismeurneobisa dasursaTissaministro.saerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi dadonori qveynebi.88

# dasawyisidasas-ruliRonisZiebadawesebulebebidan Camdinare wylebisgamwmendi nagebobisMmSeneblobisaTvis.34. 2001 2003 baTumisa da foTis portebSi sabalastowylebis kontrolisa da marTvisgaumjobesebis proeqtis ganxorcieleba.35. 2001 2002 garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sistemisganviTarebis programis SemuSaveba, maTSoris, araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis.36. 2001 2002 garemosdacviT sakiTxebze momuSaveJurnalistebisaTvis kvalifikaciisamaRlebis kursebis mowyoba.37. 2001 2002 saqarTvelos agrobiomravalferovnebisaRdgenis, konservaciisa da mdgradigamoyenebis koncefciis SemuSaveba.38. 2001 2002 sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo narCenebisgadamuSavebis sainvesticio proeqtebismomzadeba da dasafinanseblad wardgenasaerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebSi.39. 2001 2004 atmosferuli haeris, zedapiruliwylebisa da sasmeli wylis xarisxisnormebis SemoReba, romlebic daefuZnebastandartizaciis saerTaSorisoorganizaciis da jandacvis msoflioorganizaciis standartebs.40. 2001 2004 quTaisis wyalmomaragebis sistemisgaumjobesebis proeqtis ganxorcieleba.pasuxismgebeli organizaciagbrds;jandacvissaministro.ganaTlebissaministro.gbrds.gbrds.gbrds.standartizaciis, metrologiisadasertifikaciissaxelmwifodepartamenti.urbanizaciisada mSeneblobissaministro.sxva monawilemxareebisaerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi dadonori qveynebi.gbrds.donori qveynebi.soflismeurneobisa dasursaTissaministro; GEF.TviTmmarTvelobisada mmarTvelobisadgilobriviorganoebi.gbrds;jandacvissaministro.saerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi.41. 2001 2003 saxelmZRvaneloebis momzadebagaremosdacviTi disciplinebisswavlebisaTvis dawyebiT da saSualo (maTSoris, araqarTulenovan) skolebsa daumaRles saswavleblebSi.42. 2001 2002 garemosdacviTi terminologiisinglisur-qarTuli da qarTul-inglisurileqsikonebis momzadeba.43. 2001 2002 garemosdacviTi informaciis erovnulistrategiis SemuSaveba.44. 2002 2003 sademonstracio proeqtebisganxorcieleba soflis meurneobaSiekologiuri TvalsazrisiT saukeTesoganaTlebissaministro.ilia WavWavaZissaxelobis ucxoenaTa instituti.gbrds.soflismeurneobisa dasursaTisivane javaxiSvilissaxelobisTbilisissaxelmwifouniversiteti.gbrds;saerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi dadonori qveynebi;statistikissaxelmwifodepartamenti.gbrds;saerTaSorisosafinansoorganizaciebi.GEF.89

# dasawyisidasas-ruliRonisZiebapraqtikis gamoyenebaze.pasuxismgebeli organizaciasaministro.sxva monawilemxareebi45. 2002 2002 kanonis miReba, romelic moawesrigebssamTo-mopovebiTi saqmianobis narCenebismarTvas;inspeqtorebis saTanadod momzadeba axalikanonis normebis ganxorcielebis mizniT.46. 2002 2004 `saqarTveloSi saTburis efeqtis mqoneairebis emisiis Semcirebis mizniT mcirehidroenergetikis ganviTarebis programis~ganxorcieleba.47. 2002 2004 sademonstracio proeqtis ganxorcielebaorganuli myari narCenebisgan biogazismiRebis gziT saTburis efeqtis mqoneairebis emisiis Semcirebis mizniT.48. 2002 2003 2004-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos garemosdacvis moqmedebaTa erovnuli programisproeqtis momzadeba.saqarTvelosparlamenti.saTbobenergetikissaministro.gbrds;soflismeurneobisa dasursaTissaministro.gbrds.gbrds;geologiissaxelmwifodepartamenti.GEF.GEF.sxva saministroebi;arasamTavroboorganizaciebi dasamecnierokvleviTiinstitutebi.90