d i s e r t a c i a

38Telemis saabatos epizodi gargantua da pantagruelSi: ironiiTa daiumoriT daxatuli miwieri samoTxe irealuria, warmoudgeneli da,aqedan gamomdinare _ fantastikuri.utopiuri Janris erT-erTi fuZemdebelia romaul-kaTolikurieklesiis mier wmindanad aRiarebuli Tomas mori (Tomas More – 1478-1535),inglisis mefis henri VIII – es kancleri. misi nawarmoebia oqros wigni.tomas mori idealuri saxelmwifos da adamianTa Soris idealuriurTierTobis models gvixatavs (1516). sityva _ ,,utopia’’, (kunZulissaxelwodeba) idealuri saxelmwifos da sazogadoebis sinonimadixmara ingliselma mRvdelma _ samoel petCesma Tavis nawarmoebSi _momlocveloba (Piligrimage).cnobilma ingliselma mweral-fantastma da biologma, herbertuelsma (1866-1946) kiTxvaze, Tu ras warmoadgens utopia, upasuxa: ,,utopiaes aris ocneba, saukeTeso momavlis imedi, adamianis ukeTesobiskenswrafva’’. nebismieri utopia imdenad aris fantastikuri, ramdenadacmasSi didia ukeTesobisken swrafva da ocneba. iqneba es eko Tuteqnoutipia, antiutopia (anti-utopia an dystopia), romelic totalitarulisaxelmwifos saSiSroebaze mogviTxrobs, an amerikeli sociologisa dafuturistis _ elvin tofleris (Alvin Toffler) zeindustriuli praqtopia.aRniSvnis Rirsia italieli mweralis, tomaso kampanelas (TomasoCampanella 1568-1639 utopiuri socializmis koncefcia. kampanelam 27weli cixeSi gaatara da ganTavisufleba mxolod kardinal riSeliesdaxmarebiT SesZlo, romelmac kampanelas miRwevebis aRiarebis niSnad,mas pensia dauniSna. kampanelas nawarmoebSi Civitas Solis (1602)fantastikuri da realuri erTmaneTs erwymis. mwerali iseTsazogadoebas gvixatavs, romelSic mbrZaneblobs metafizikosi. amukanasknels saxelmwifos samarTlian marTvelobaSi exmarebaZalauflebis, sibrZnisa da siyvarulisgan Semdgari triumvirati.utopiur saxelmwifoSi oTxsaaTiani samuSao dRea, romelic, komunizmisdamkvidrebasTan erTad, SeiZleba kidev Semcirdes. saxelmwifoSimsuqanni da amxdarni uRldebian, rom qorwineba ufro harmoniuligamodges. utopiis qveJanrs miekuTvneba ingliseli filosofosis,istorikosis da parlamentaris, empirizmis fuZemdeblis, adamianis