2 - Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center

sasamarTloebSi SeimCneva saqmis warmoebisa da sakancelario muSaobis iseTinaklovanebebi, rogoricaa: sasamarTloSi Sesuli gancxadebebis, saCivrebisa TuSuamdgomlobebisadmi gulgrili damokidebuleba; gancxadebebze werilobiTipasuxebis dagvianeba; moqalaqesa da mosamarTlis TanaSemwes Soris satelefonokontaqtebis Seferxeba, moqalaqeTaTvis sasamarTlo sxdomebis da maTi gamocxadebisSesaxeb Setyobinebebis (uwyebebis) Cabarebis meqanizmis dauxvewaoba; sasamarTlosxdomis oqmebis gacnobisa da qseroaslebis miwodebis dagvianeba; sasamarTloskancelariebis meSveobiT, saqmeTa ganawilebis dadgenili wesis ugulebelyofiT,garkveuli Tanxis sanacvlod, sasurveli mosamarTlisTvis saqmis gadacema da sxv.zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo sistemaSi fesvgadgmulia korufcia,rac gulisxmobs moqalaqeTa (procesis monawileTa) ukanono urTierTobassasamarTlo xelisuflebis dabali rangis moxeleebTan. es ukanasknelni moqalaqeebsuSualod sZalaven fuls, riTac sistemis mimarT ndobas ukargaven sazogadoebas.miuxedavad imisa, rom reformis Semdeg sasamarTlos personalis mxridan qrTamisaRebis faqtebma iklo, sasamarTlo procesis monawile mxareebi da maTi advokatebicdiloben, qrTami SesTavazon sasamarTlos moxeles saqmis ganawilebisa Tusaqmis droulad ganxilvis sanacvlod. xSirad sasamarTlo moxeleebis mxridanfulis gamoZalvis mizniT xdeba sakiTxis xelovnurad gaWianureba. sasamarTloaparatis moxeleTa samsaxurebrivi problemebi (aradamakmayofilebeli samuSaopirobebi, dabali anazRaureba, Warbi datvirTva da a.S.) da bundovani samarTlebrivistandartebi realurad warmoSobs korufciis stimuls. am SemTxvevaSi mxolodkadrebis cvla saqmes ver Svelis. Tumca udavoa, rom korufcias xels uwyobssasamarTlo sistemaSi arsebuli proteqcionizmi. rogorc saerTo sasamarTloebismosamarTleTa (metwilad sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareebis da sxva mniSvnelovaniadministraciuli funqciis mqone mosamarTleebis), ise xelisuflebis danarCeniori Stos CinosanTa naTesavebis an maTi rekomendaciiT sasamarTlo moxeleTadaniSvna (kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakonkurso wesis miuxedavad)xSirad qmnis korufciis xelSemwyob pirobebs. saWiroa am mxriv mdgomareobisSeswavla da Sesabamisi reagireba.sasamarTlo personalis cvlas unda axldes struqturuli da administraciulireformebi, rac moiTxovs mecnierul midgomas.am mxriv sainteresoa saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da ganviTarebis saerTaSorisoasociacias Soris dadebuli sakredito xelSekrulebis “sasamarTlo reformisproeqtis” gacnoba. 5es proeqti iTvaliswinebda saerTo sasamarTloebis administrirebisa da saqmeTamarTvis gaumjobesebas, agreTve sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa ukeT aRsrulebas.saerTo sasamarTloebis administrirebasa da saqmeTa marTvas, romelsacaxorcielebda sakonsultacio firma sasamarTloebis marTvis eqspertTa jgufi- “Court Management Associates” USA (direqtori robert d. lifSeri, moadgileq. qembeli), mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba saqarTveloSi damoukidebelisasamarTlo xelisuflebis Camoyalibebisa da miukerZoebeli marTlmsajulebisganmtkicebisaTvis.sasamarTlos organizaciuli muSaobis (administrirebis) gardaqmna saerTaSorisostandartebis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo sistemis organizaciuli mowyobis5msoflio bankis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso asociaciasTan dadebuli sakredito xelSekrulebis“sasamarTlo reformis proeqtis” komponenti “saerTo sasamarTloebis administrireba da saqmeTamarTva, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba, qvekomponentis saqmis warmoebis sistemisa dasakancelario ganyofilebis modernizacia”, saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvis perspeqtivebi,saqarTvelos iusticiis sabWo, Tbilisi, 2003 w.67

korufcia sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi yvelaze rTulad gamosavlenia _ aq,upirvelesad, vgulisxmobT mosamarTlis mier korufciul samarTaldarRvevas,danaSaulis Cadenas, Tanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis marTlmsajulebisa dasamsaxurebrivi interesis sazianod gamoyenebas.am problemebis Sesaxeb moqalaqeebisagan informaciis mopoveba da “cxeli xazis”proeqtis farglebSi maTze reagireba rTuli aRmoCnda. azri, rom mosamarTleebikorumpirebulebi da arakompetenturebi arian, farTodaa gavrcelebulisazogadoebaSi. moqalaqeTa mier gamoTqmuli eWvi mosamarTlis subieqturobis,e.i. mis mier ukanono gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sesaxeb, Seadgens “cxel xazze”Semosuli pretenziebis 60%-s. procesis monawileTa eWvi, rom mosamarTlis miersaqmis gaWianureba miznad isaxavs qrTamis gamoZalvas, xSirad simarTles arSeefereba. Tumca, es ar niSnavs imas, rom saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleebismxridan korufciuli qmedebebi ar xdeba.marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi upirveles antikorufciul RonisZiebebad 2000 wliserovnul antikorufciul programaSi miCneulia:• mosamarTleTa kadrebis SerCevis kriteriumebis daxvewa;• mosamarTleTa momzadebisa da gadamzadebis grZelvadiani saxelmwifoprogramis SemuSaveba;• karieris principiT mosamarTleTa samsaxurebrivi winsvla;• mosamarTleTa finansuri da qonebrivi mdgomareobis deklaraciebis monacemTaanalizi da mudmivi gadamowmeba;• sasamarTlo xelisuflebis saqmianobis Sida da gare kontrolis meqanizmebissrulyofa;• saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa raodenobis optimizacia;• sasamarTloebis materialur-teqnikuri da finansuri uzrunvelyofa;• mosamarTleTa anazRaurebis gazrda, socialuri da samarTlebrivi dacvisgarantiebis ganmtkiceba.mosamarTleTa SerCevis kriteriumebis daxvewa ganapirobebs marTlmsajulebiswarmarTvas patiosani, principuli da maRalprofesionali mosamarTlis mier.qrTamis sanacvlod ganaCenis an gadawyvetilebis gamotana gacilebiT xSiria immosamarTlisagan, romelic uZluria, kvalificiurad gaarCios saqme. mosamarTleTaprofesiuli daxelovneba, momzadeba da samuSao pirobebis gaumjobeseba, racsasamarTlo reformis sawyis etapze met-naklebad ganxorcielda, aucilebeliiyo, magram amas unda mohyoloda rogorc sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mesveurebis,ise xelisuflebis sxva Stoebis Zalisxmeva korufciis stimulTa Semcirebisa.susti poziciis mqone procesis monawile mxares, moqrTamvis garda, sxva gza aRarrCeba misTvis sasurveli gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. mosamarTle, Tavisi aramyarimdgomareobis gamo (igulisxmeba dabali profesionalizmi, araadekvaturianazRaureba, samuSao da socialuri problemebis mouwesrigebloba, rac masdamokidebuls xdis aRmasrulebel da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebaze), adviladeqceva xelisuflebis sxva Stoebis warmomadgenelTa zegavlenis qveS da aseveadvilad SeiZleba moisyidos romelime mxarem.sasamarTlo sistemaSi warmarTuli antikorufciuli politika ver aRmoCndawarmatebuli, radgan ar SemuSavebula korufciis gamovlenisaTvis aucilebelimeqanizmebi.70

sasamarTlo reformis sawyis etapze, roca sasamarTlos da mosamarTlisdamoukidebloba mxolod sakanonmdeblo doneze iqna uzrunvelyofili, daiwyomcdeloba am damoukideblobis korufciis iaraRad gamoyenebisa. maSinve saWirogaxda damoukideblobisa da angariSvaldebulebebis meqanizmebis dabalanseba. 9problemis gadasaWrelad unda gadaixedos moqmedi kanonmdeblobiTgaTvaliswinebuli mosamarTleTa kadrebis SerCevis kriteriumebi. “saerTosasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 46-e da 47-e muxlebismoTxovnebi, romlebic waeyeneba mosamarTleobis kandidats, ZiriTadadsakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabarebasa da Tanamdebobis konkursis wesiT dakavebasexeba, rac ar aris sakmarisi. kandidaturis wardgenis procedura saWiroebsSemdgom daxvewasa da dakonkretebas. amisaTvis SesaZlebelia damoukidebelisamosamarTlo sabWos Seqmna, romlis wevrebis sam meoTxeds mosamarTleebiSeadgenen da romlis kompetencia gavrceldeba mosamarTlis daniSvnisa dadawinaurebis gadawyvetilebaze. es exmianeba evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis1994 wlis 13 oqtombris rekomendaciis “mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba, efeqtianobada roli” debulebas: mosamarTleTa SerCevisa da dawinaurebis Sesaxebgadawyvetilebas iRebs xelisuflebisa da administraciisagan damoukidebeliorgano. ganvlili xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saerTo sasamarTloebis sadisciplinosamarTalwarmoebis praqtikis SeswavliT irkveva, rom TanamdebobidangaTavisuflda 16 mosamarTle, xolo sxvadasxva disciplinuri sasjeli daedo155 mosamarTles (saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTasadisciplino sabWos 1999-2004 wlebis angariSi). saqarTvelos saerTosasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa sadisciplino sabWom ganixila 226 sadisciplinosaqme 194 mosamarTlis mimarT. 10 cifrebi marTlac SemaSfoTebelia.mosamarTleTa kandidatebis SerCevisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is fundamenturiproblema, rasac mTel postsabWour sivrceSi vawydebiT – esaa sazogadoebisdabali samarTlebrivi kultura. misi daZleva SesaZlebelia samarTlebriviganaTlebis sistemis SemuSavebiT da ganxorcielebiT. samwuxarod, aseTi sistemasaqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. mosamarTleTa kadrebis momzadebis Sesaxeb wlebisganmavlobaSi saubrobdnen Tavad sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi. amas adasturebsiusticiis umaRlesi skolis Seqmnis mcdelobac. (kanonproeqti “iusticiisumaRlesi skolis Sesaxeb” momzadebulia da is ZiriTadad frangul modelsefuZneba. proeqts dadebiTi Sefaseba misces evrosabWos eqspertebma). am proeqtiTgaTvaliswinebulia mosamarTleTa, prokurorTa da gamomZiebelTa orwlianiswavleba (rogorc Teoriuli, ise praqtikuli) da maTi gamocdis SedegebismixedviT Tanamdebobaze gamweseba. vfiqrobT, sakanonmdeblo organoSi wardgenisSemdeg kanonproeqts male miiReben, rac udavod gazrdis saTanado Teoriuli dapraqtikuli codniT, aseve muSaobisaTvis aucilebeli unar-CvevebiT aRWurvilikadrebis raodenobas.am etapze mimdinareobs muSaoba mosamarTleTa momzadebisa da gadamzadebissaxelmwifo programis SemuSavebaze. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis daxmarebiTada TanadgomiT (amerikis iuristTa asociacia, germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobissazogadoeba, evrosabWo da evrokavSiri, amerikis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis9Maria Dakolas and Kim Thachuk; Corruption from the Judiciary: Attaking corruption in the judiciary: a critical rpocess injudical reform, p.14.10disciplinuri saqmeebis organos mier gamoyenebulia Semdegi disciplinuri saxdelebi dadisciplinuri zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebi: a) 88 kerZo sarekomendacio baraTi _ 66 mosamarTlismimarT; 96 SeniSvna _ 77 mosamarTlis mimarT; 36 sayveduri – 27 mosamarTlis mimarT; 3mosamarTle gaTavisuflda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris da palatis Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobidan,16 mosamarTle gaTavisuflda Tanamdebobidan; 28 sadisciplino saqmeze 12 mosamarTlis mimarTSewyda saqmis warmoeba; 18 sadisciplino saqmeze 8 mosamarTlis mimarT miiRes gamamarTlebeligadawyvetileba.71

sabWos wardginebiT. uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlis arCeva saqarTvelosprezidentis wardginebiT saqarTvelos parlamentis mier, 10 wlis vadiT),iurisdiqciis kontroli da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis funqcionirebisaTvissaWiro normatiuli bazis miReba-damtkicebis uflebamosileba (sasamarTloebisdafinansebis sistema da wesi, damoukideblobis realuri finansuri garantiebisarqona, parlamentis mier “mosamarTleTa socialuri da samarTlebrivi dacvisgarantiebis Sesaxeb” kanonis amoqmedebis yovelwliuri gadavadeba da sxv.)sasamarTlo sistemas mudmivad damokidebuls xdis xelisuflebis am ori StoskeTil nebaze.naTelia, rom sasamarTlo sistemaSi korufciasTan sabrZolvelad saWiroagarkveuli instituciuri daZabuloba xelisuflebis danarCen or StosTan. maTmudmivad unda Seqmnan meqanizmebi sasamarTlo korufciis gamosavlenad dadasasjelad (korufciuli, Tanamdebobrivi danaSaulis, anu sisxlissamarTaldarRvevis gamovlena-gamoZieba), unda moaxdinon korufciuli qmedebebisSesaZleblobaTa SezRudva da iseTi sazogadoebis Camoyalibeba, romelic aregueba korufcias. magram es ar unda ganxorcieldes sasamarTlosdamoukideblobis xelyofiT.miuxedavad imisa, rom sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi dRemde arsebuliangariSvaldebulebis formebi arasakmarisi aRmoCnda sistemaSi korufciisdasaZlevad, aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis mxridan WarbiCareva da zedamxedveloba gaumarTlebeli iqneba. rac Seexeba sazogadoebrivkontrols, igi yovelmxriv misaRebi da mxardasaWeria.III. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da angariSvaldebulebasasamarTlos angariSvaldebulebis Sida meqanizmebi saqarTvelos saerTosasamarTloebis sistemaSi1. sasamarTlos instanciuroba, rogorc Sida kontrolis meqanizmidamoukidebeli sasamarTlos ufleba adamianis uflebis saxiT Camoyalibda. 13samarTliani da Ria marTlmsajulebis uflebas aRiarebs adamianis uflebebisda Tavisuflebebis sayovelTao deklaracia da mravali sxva saerTaSorisodokumenti. es dokumentebi gansazRvravs mosamarTleTa da sasamarTloTasaqmianobis principebs, anu umTavres moTxovnebs, riTac dReniadag undaxelmZRvanelobdes saerTaSoriso valdebulebaTa aRmasrulebeli yvelanacionaluri xelisufleba. 14rac Seexeba sasamarTlos angariSvaldebulebas, sxvadasxva droisa dagansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi sistemebis qveynebSi es sakiTxi sxvadasxvagvaradganixileboda. “mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis, efeqtianobisa da rolis Sesaxeb”evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers miRebulirekomendaciis Sesabamisad, mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis pativsacemad, dasacavadda gansamtkiceblad yvela aucilebeli RonisZieba unda iqnas gamoyenebuli.aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba unda uzrunvelyofdesmosamarTleebis damoukideblobas, raTa maTi mxridan ar gadaidgas iseTi nabijebi,13Maria Dakolas and Kim Thachuk; Corruption from the Judiciary: Attaking corruption in the judiciary: a critical rpocess injudical reform, p.25.14l. vildhaberi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos prezidentis winasityvaoba, Jurnali`mosamarTle da marTlmsajuleba: evropuli standartebi~, gamomc., saqarTvelos uzenaesisasamarTlos adamianis uflebaTa centri. Tb., 2001, gv.7.73

omlebic safrTxes Seuqmnis am damoukideblobas. arc erT sxva organos, sakuTrivsasamarTlos garda, ar unda SeeZlos, gansazRvros misi uflebamosileba, rackanoniT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili. saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo reformis pirveletapze arcTu warmatebulma brZolam korufciis winaaRmdeg dagvanaxa sasamarTloxelisuflebaSi damoukideblobasa da angariSvaldebulebis Sida meqanizmebSiarsebuli problemebi.sasamarTlo xelisuflebis Sida kontrolis pirvel meqanizmad misiinstanciuroba da saproceso zedamxedvelobis arsebuli sistemaa miCneuli.“saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad,saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis sistema erTiania. raionuli sasamarTloaris pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo. saolqo sasamarTlo saapelacio wesiTganixilavs saCivrebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze.afxazeTisa da aWaris avtomomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebisaproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT zedamxedveloben marTlmsajulebisganxorcielebas afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis teritoriebzemoqmed raionul sasamarTloebSi. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo dadgenilisaproceso (sakasacio) formiT zedamxedvelobs marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebassaqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebSi, axorcielebs saqarTvelos konstituciiTda sxva kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul uflebamosilebebs.aRniSnuli meqanizmi aris sakanonmdeblo garantia, qveda instanciebissasamarTloebis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebebze dadgenili saprocesoformebiT (apelacia da kasacia) zemdgomi sasamarTloebis mier (saolqo, afxazeTisada aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebi da uzenaesisasamarTlo) ganxorcieldes zedamxedveloba, rac korufciasTan brZolisumniSvnelovanesi berketia. amasTan, sasamarTlos instanciurobis miuxedavad,sasamarTlom saqmeebi unda ganixilos miukerZoeblad, faqtebze dayrdnobiT dakanonis Sesabamisad, ama Tu im mxridan SezRudvis, Seusabamo zegavlenis, iZulebis,Zaldatanebis, daSinebis an pirdapiri Tu iribi Carevis gareSe.gaeros mier 1985 wels miRebuli “sasamarTlos damoukideblobis ZiriTadiprincipebis” Sesabamisad, ar unda ganxorcieldes Seusabamo an ukanono CarevasasamarTlo procesSi da sasamarTloebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi arunda daeqvemdebaros gadasinjvas. 152. saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo“saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanoniT Seqmniliprezidentis saTaTbiro organo, saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo, rogorcSereuli (mosamarTleebiTa da xelisuflebis sxva Stoebis warmomadgenlebiTdakompleqtebuli) angariSvaldebulebis rgoli, realurad ewinaaRmdegebasasamarTlos damoukideblobas. kanonis me-60 muxlis Sesabamisad, iusticiisumaRlesi sabWo Sedgeba cxra wevrisagan. masSi mxolod sami mosamarTlea(Tanamdebobis mixedviT saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare,afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebisTavmjdomareebi). sxva wevrebi warmodgenilni arian sakanonmdeblo daaRmasrulebeli xelisuflebidan (iusticiis sabWos or wevrs niSnavs saqarTvelosprezidenti, sams (romelTagan ori parlamentis wevria) irCevs saqarTvelosparlamenti, Tanamdebobis mixedviT sabWoSi Sedis saqarTvelos iusticiis ministrida saqarTvelos parlamentis iuridiuli komitetis Tavmjdomare). iusticiisumaRles sabWos uflebamosilebaTa CamonaTvali moicavs yvela mniSvnelovan15ZiriTadi principebi sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Sesaxeb, gaerTianebuli erebis adamianisuflebaTa dokumentebi, gamomc., saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, 1999w., gv. 64.74

funqcias, romelic sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Semavali xelisuflebis sxvadasxvaStoebis warmomadgenlebs aZlevs realur Zalauflebas da sasamarTloxelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevis iseT berketebs, rogoricaa: mosamarTlisTanamdebobaze dasaniSnad kandidatis wardgena prezidentisaTvis; disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis ganxorcieleba saerTo sasamarTloebis, maT SorissaqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTleTa mimarT; prezidentTanwinadadebebis wardgena mosamarTlis waxalisebis Tu TanamdebobidangaTavisuflebis, sasamarTlo reformis Sesaxeb da a. S. Tu gaviazrebT imas, romsaqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos SemadgenlobaSi mxolod samimosamarTlea, xolo danarCeni eqvsi _ xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stoswarmomadgeneli, naTeli xdeba, rom sasamarTlo reformis pirvelive etapzeCaido sasamarTlos angariSvaldebulebis meqanizmebi xelisuflebissakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli Stoebis winaSe, ramac garkveuli safrTxeSeuqmna sasamarTlos damoukideblobas. rac mTavaria, aRniSnuls ar mohyva asevesakanonmdeblo doneze angariSvaldebulebis Sida Zlieri meqanizmebis Seqmna.sasamarTlo reformis ganxorcielebisas sistemaSi ver moxerxda korporaciismier Zlieri gaerTianebis Camoyalibeba, romelic realurad daabalansebdaaRniSnul konfliqts da xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stoebs uars aTqmevinebdasasamarTlos kontrolze. am garemoebam imTaviTve warmoSva sasamarTlosdamoukideblobasa da angariSvaldebulebas Soris garkveuli konfliqti dakorufciis winaaRmdeg brZola araefeqturi gaxada.“mosamarTleTa statutis evropuli qartiis” 1.3 punqti da misi ganmartebiTimemorandumi iTvaliswinebs aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebisagandamoukidebeli organos mier mosamarTleTa SerCevas, daniSvnas Tu maTiuflebamosilebis Sewyvetas. aseTi organos Camoyalibeba gamoricxavdamosamarTleTa SerCevas partiuli niSniT da SezRudavda korufcias sasamarTloxelisuflebaSi. sakvalifikacio gamocdebis organizebisa da mosamarTliskandidatebis SerCevisas sabWos mier arCeuli araswori politikis gamosasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi movida arakvalificiuri da arasaimedo reputaciismqone mosamarTleTa nawili, romlis kanonsawinaaRmdego saqmianobam Tavisi daRidaasva sasamarTlos avtoritets. amitom aucilebeli iyo, sruladgaeTvaliswinebinaT mosamarTlis roli sasamarTlo sistemaSi. 16 mosamarTleTakandidatebis SemrCevi organo arCevanis gakeTebisas unda efuZnebodeskriteriumebs, romlebic dakisrebul movaleobaTa bunebidan momdinareobs. undaSefasdes, aqvs Tu ara kandidats unari, damoukideblad ganixilos saqme, racdamoukidebeli azrovnebis unars moiTxovs. samosamarTlo funqciebismiukerZoeblad Sesrulebis rwmena am mxriv arsebiTia.mosamarTleTa kadrebis momzadeba (igulisxmeba sabazo ganaTleba) da Semdgomigadamzadeba aris mosamarTleTa miukerZoeblobis garantia. mosamarTleTaganaTleba da codnis amaRleba umniSvnelovanesia, raTa saqarTveloSi gaZlierdeskanonis uzenaesoba da samarTalwarmoebis xarisxi. 17saqarTvelos organuli kanonis “saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” 47-e muxlismerve punqtis Sesabamisad, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT arCeuli an daniSnulimosamarTle Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebas Seudgeba mxolodspecialuri saswavlo kursis gavlis Semdeg. amave kanonis 69-e muxliTgansazRvrulia specialuri kursi samosamarTlo swavlebis centrSi. swavlebisvada _ araumetes sami Tvisa _ dadgenilia iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mier.16ZiriTadi principebi sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Sesaxeb, gaerTianebuli erebis adamianisuflebaTa dokumentebi, gamomc., saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, 1999 w., gv.66.17ix. “Semajamebeli daskvnebi da samomavlo moqmedebaTa gansazRvra~, evropis sabWos seminari _“eqspertTa daxmareba saqarTvelos samosamarTlo swavlebis centris ganviTarebisaTvis~, Tb., 2004wlis 27-29 seqtemberi.75

miuxedavad evropis sabWos principebisa da organuli kanonis moTxovnebisa,mosamarTleTa momzadebisa da gadamzadebisaTvis 1999 wlidan dRemde sasamarTlobiujetSi amgvari swavlebisaTvis ar gamoyofila arc erTi TeTri. axladdaniSnulmosamarTleTaTvis amgvar swavlebebs centri atarebda donori organizaciebidanmoziduli saxsrebiT. saqarTvelos iusticiis sabWom, rogorc samosamarTlosaswavlo centris erT-erTma damfuZnebelma, ver SeZlo, SeemuSavebina saswavloprograma da uzrunveleyo misi saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinanseba. xuTi wlisganmavlobaSi irRveoda “mosamarTleTa statutis evropuli qartiis”umniSvnelovanesi principi mosamarTleTa SerCevis, samsaxurSi miRebisa daTavdapirveli momzadebis Sesaxeb. am principiT sasamarTlo movaleobebisSesasruleblad SerCeuli kandidatebi unda momzaddnen Sesabamisi treningebissaSualebiT, romelic saxelmwifom unda daafinansos. udavoa, rom sabazosamosamarTlo swavleba saWiroa mosamarTleTa mier damoukidebeli damiukerZoebeli gadawyvetilebis unaris gamosamuSaveblad. 18mosamarTleTa disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis procesSi monawileobismiuxedavad, 19 sabWos mier gamovlinda mosamarTlis mier korufciuli darRvevismxolod erTi faqti.ver gaumjobesda sasamarTloTa organizaciuli muSaoba, ramac didwiladganapiroba sasamarTlo aparatis moxeleTa korufciuli qmedebebi.bolo periodSi (2004 wlis 24 ivnisis kanoni “saerTo sasamarTloebismosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb kanonSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Taobaze”)ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis fonze iusticiis umaRlesi sabWosgazrdilma uflebamosilebebma ver uzrunvelyo sasamarTlo politikis warmateba.sasamarTlo reformis pirvelive etapze Seqmnili prezidentis saTaTbiro organo,romlis ZiriTadi funqcia sasamarTlo xelisuflebis funqcionirebisaTvisxelSewyoba da sasamarTlos avtoritetis dacva iyo, faqtobrivad, mosamarTleTamimarT disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis ganmaxorcieleblad mogvevlina. axalikanonis Tanaxmad, mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTveli organos _ mosamarTleTakonferenciis mier asarCevi sadisciplino sabWos kandidatebs, romlisSemadgenlobaSi oTxi mosamarTlea, xolo oTxi aramosamarTle, mxolod iusticiissabWo waradgens. es midgoma mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTvel organos SesaZleblobasarTmevs, saerTo krebaze TviTon waradginos sadisciplino sabWos wevrobiskandidati mosamarTleebi mainc (rom aRaraferi vTqvaT aramosamarTle wevrebze),Seafasos maTi saqmiani da moraluri reputacia da mxolod amis Semdeg miiRosgadawyvetileba sadisciplino sabWoSi maTi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. axali wesiTdakompleqtebuli sadisciplino sabWo, faqtobrivad, mTlianad iusticiis umaRlessabWos daeqvemdebara, kanoniT ki formalurad SeinarCuna saqarTvelos saerTosasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa sadisciplino sabWos saxeli. iusticiis umaRlesmasabWom SeZlo, daebrunebina disciplinuri devnis uflebamosileba mosamarTlismxridan iseTi disciplinuri gadacdomisas, rogoricaa saqmis ganxilvisas kanonisuxeSi darRveva. am gadacdomisaTvis devnis ufleba sabWos mxolod droebiT,kanonis amoqmedebidan _ 2000 wlis 1 ivlisidan 2001 wlis 1 maisamde hqonda18mosamarTleTa statutis evropuli qartia, strasburgi, 1998 wlis 8-10 ivlisi; Jurnali `mosamarTleda marTlmsajuleba: evropuli standartebi~, gamomc., saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos adamianisuflebaTa centri, Tb., 2001, gv.32.191999-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa sadisciplino sabWoSisaqarTvelos iusticiis sabWodan Sesulia 120 sadisciplino saqme 126 mosamarTlis mimarT.disciplinuri saqmeebis ganmxilvelma organom gamoiyena Semdegi disciplinuri saxdelebi dadisciplinuri zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebi: sarekomendacio baraTiT miemarTa 43 mosamarTles;SeniSvna gamoecxada 24 mosamarTles, sayveduri _ 9 mosamarTles, mkacri sayveduriT miemarTa 7mosamarTles; 2 mosamarTle gaTavisuflda; 13 mosamarTlis mimarT Sewyda disciplinuri saqme.14 mosamarTle gamarTlda.76

miniWebuli, rac gardamavali periodiT da gadaudebeli saWiroebiT aixsna. kanonisamoqmedebidan erTi wlis gasvlis Semdeg ukve cxadi iyo iusticiis sabWoswarumatebeli saqmianoba da mosamarTleTa korpusis Ria ukmayofileba, racmosamarTlis damoukideblobis principis ugulebelyofam gamoiwvia. revoluciisSemdeg sabWos aRudgines pirvandeli funqcia: saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos,Tbilisisa da quTaisis saolqo sasamarTloebis Tavmjdomareebs mosamarTlismier saqmis ganxilvisas kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi disciplinuri devnisuflebamosileba CamoerTvaT. naCqarevi da gauazrebeli sakanonmdeblocvlilebebiT kidev erTxel gaizarda iusticiis sabWos uflebamosilebebi, Sidakontrolis bunebrivi meqanizmis mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTveli organos –mosamarTleTa konferenciis uflebamosilebebis xarjze. amiT sasamarTloxelisufleba aSkara safrTxis winaSe dadga. aRmasrulebelma da sakanonmdebloxelisuflebebma ver uzrunvelyo mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba da gadadgaiseTi nabiji, romelic safrTxes uqmnis am ukanasknelTa damoukideblobas. 20evropis sasamarTlo mmarTvelobis modelTan Sedarebisas igrZnoba, rom iusticiisumaRlesi sabWo sasamarTlo administrirebisa da marTvis meqanizmis mixedviTsamxreTevropuli modelis msgavsia. samxreTevropuli modelis mixedviT,iusticiis, anu sasamarTlo sabWoebis uflebamosileba mosamarTleebisa damagistraturis wevrebis daniSvnisas mxolod saTaTbiro (mrCevlis) xmisa dadisciplinuri devnis uflebiT Semoifargleba. Tumca, bolodroindelisakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT, iusticiis umaRles sabWos mTlianad gadaecadisciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba, sasamarTlos materialur-teqnikuriuzrunvelyofa da misi kontroli, rac garkveulad hgavs Crdiloevropul models. 21vfiqrobT, qveynis istoriuli, kulturuli da socialuri faqtorebisgaTvaliswinebiT, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos modeli Sesacvlelia. evropissabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciis ~mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba,efeqtianoba da roli” pirveli zogadi (mosamarTlis damoukideblobis) principisSesabamisad, aucilebelia specialuri damoukidebeli da kompetenturi organosSeqmna, romelic rCevas aZlevs mTavrobas, parlaments an saxelmwifo meTaurssasamarTlo xelisuflebis formirebisas, romelsac isini unda iTvaliswinebdnen.3. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuripasuxismgeblobasasamarTlo sistemaSi angariSvaldebulebisa da kontrolis yvelaze qmediT daefeqtur meqanizmad miiCneoda mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobismeqanizmi, romelic “saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTadisciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb”20mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba, efeqtianoba da roli, rekomendacia NR(94)12, miRebuli evropissabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers; Jurnali `mosamarTle da marTlmsajuleba:evropuli standartebi~, gamomc., saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos adamianis uflebaTa centri.Tb., 2001, gv.9.21v. amisulaSvili, “samosamarTlo (iusticiis) sabWos roli evropasa da laTinur amerikaSi~,zogadi mimoxilva, amerikis iuristTa asociaciis centraluri evropisa da evraziis samarTlebriviiniciativa, Tb., 2004w. Crdiloevropuli modelis (SvedeTi, dania da irlandia) mixedviT, damoukidebelisasamarTlo sabWo warmodgenilia farTo uflebamosilebiT, romlis funqciaSi Sedis sasamarTlobiujetis Sedgena, materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa da misi kontroli, mosamarTleTa daniSvnada disciplinuri warmoeba, moxeleTa samuSaod ayvana da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis zedamxedveloba;samxreTevropuli modeliT (espaneTi, portugalia, italia da safrangeTi) sasamarTlo sabWo,gansxvavebiT ganuyofeli modelisa (germaniis federaciuli respublika) mosamarTleebisa damagistraturis wevrebis daniSvnisas mxolod saTaTbiro uflebamosilebiT da disciplinuridevnis aRZvriT Semoifargleba. modeli, sadac ar arsebobs sasamarTlo sabWosmagvari gardamavaliorgano, sasamarTlos mmarTveloba, administrireba da menejmenti exeba politikurad pasuxismgebelsaTaTbiro organos.77

kanonis Sesabamisad, oretapian sistemas warmoadgenda. pirveli etapi moicavdadisciplinuri devnis aRZvras da disciplinur pasuxisgebaSi micemas, romelsacaxorcielebdnen Sesabamisi organoebi (saqarTvelos iusticiis sabWos, aWarisada afxazeTis iusticiis sabWoebis saxiT) da saamisod uflebamosili Tanamdebobispirebi (saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos, afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiurirespublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebis, Tbilisisa da quTaisis saerTosasamarTloebis Tavmjdomareebi). meore etapi –saerTo sasamarTloebismosamarTleTa mimarT disciplinuri saqmis ganxilva sadisciplino kolegiasada Semdgom sabWoSi xorcieldeboda mosamarTleTa konferenciis mier arCeulisadisciplino sabWos mier. masSi Sedioda rva mosamarTle da iusticiis sabWosmier wardgenili sazogadoebriobis oTxi warmomadgeneli. aqedan gamomdinare,iTvleboda, rom mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba saboloodmosamarTleTa umravlesobiT dakompleqtebul sadisciplino sabWos gadaeca,Tumca devnis dawyebis ufleba hqonda iusticiis sabWosac. amdenad, mosamarTlisdamoukideblobasa da angariSvaldebulebas Soris arsebuli konfliqtidangamomdinare, sasamarTlo disciplinis sakiTxi mainc sasamarTlo xelisuflebisSida kontrols eqvemdebareboda.specialuri kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli oretapiani procedura imTaviTveewinaaRmdegeboda evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombersmiRebul rekomendacias “mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis, efeqtianobisa da rolisSesaxeb”. rekomendaciis VI debuleba, romelic movaleobaTa Seusruleblobasada disciplinur darRvevebs exeba, adgens: daniSnuli mosamarTleuflebamosilebis vadis gasvlamde ar SeiZleba Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufldeskanoniT zustad gansazRvruli myari safuZvlis gareSe. samosamarTlomovaleobebis Sesrulebis uunarobis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi an seriozulidisciplinuri darRvevis arsebobisas specialuri kompetenturi organos mxridangamoyenebuli disciplinuri sanqcia unda Semowmdes umaRlesi sasamarTloorganos mier an disciplinuri sanqciis gamomyenebeli organo Tavad undawarmoadgendes umaRlesi instanciis sasamarTlos. 22 am rekomendaciis Sesrulebisnacvlad, bolodroindeli (2004 wlis 24 ivlisi) sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisfonze, mosamarTleTa disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis II etapze kvlav imZlavrasaqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos (romelic ZiriTadad xelisuflebissxva Stoebis warmomadgenelTa mieraa dakompleqtebuli) survilma, metiZalaufleba hqonoda sasamarTlo disciplinasa da mosamarTleTa disciplinuriwesiT dasjaze. Semcirebuli sadisciplino sabWos wevrTagan iyos oTximosamarTle, xolo oTxi aramosamarTle. miuxedavad imisa, rom sadisciplinosabWos isev mosamarTleTa konferencia (konferenciis Sua periodebSiadministraciuli komiteti) irCevs, irRveva 2000 wlis kanoniT dadgenili balansida sabWoSi rvis nacvlad oTxi mosamarTle rCeba (oTx aramosamarTle wevrTanerTad). amasTan, sadisciplino sabWos Tavmjdomareoba aramosamarTle wevrsevaleba, romelic anazRaurebad sajaro Tanamdebobis pirs warmoadgens da,faqtobrivad, emorCileba iusticiis umaRles sabWos. amis Sedegia, rom sasamarTlosistemaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad sadisciplino proceduramwarmatebulad ver imuSava, ris gamoc xSiria aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdebloxelisuflebis Careva iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos meSveobiT. iusticiis umaRlessabWos ufleba aqvs, disciplinuri devnis dawyebisa mosamarTleTa eTikisnormebisa da disciplinis darRvevis faqtebze. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebiTgamowveuli, mosamarTlis damoukideblobisa da angariSvaldebulebis darRveulibalansis aRdgena garkveulwilad, moxerxda saqarTvelos sakonstitucio22ganmartebiTi memorandumi mosamarTleTa damoukideblobaze, efeqtianobasa da rolze, rekomendaciaNR(94) 12, miRebulia evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers; Jurnali“mosamarTle da marTlmsajuleba: evropuli standartebi~, gamomc., saqarTvelos uzenaesisasamarTlos adamianis uflebaTa centri. Tb., 2001, gv.16.78

sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 28 ivnisis gadawyvetilebiT romelmac arakonstituciuradmiiCnia “saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuripasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb” kanonis 30-emuxlis pirveli punqti (aRniSnuli normiT sadisciplino kolegia saqmisganxilvisas moqmedebda, rogorc sasamarTlo). amiT SesaZlebeli gaxda saqarTvelossaerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa sadisciplino sabWos gadawyvetilebissasamarTloSi gasaCivreba. amrigad, mosamarTleTa disci plinurisamarTalwarmoebis oretapian sistemas daemata mesame etapi _ samarTlianisasamarTlo mosmena, riTac dadasturda disciplinur samarTalwarmoebazesasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis principi. xsenebuli gadawyvetilebiT ganxorcieldaevrosabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers miRebulirekomendacia “mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba, efeqtianoba da roli”, romlisSesabamisad, mosamarTleTa mxridan disciplinuri darRvevebi unda Semowmdesdisciplinuri devnis uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili damoukidebeli damiukerZoebeli kompetenturi organos mier.Tumca, dReisaTvis arsebuli sametapiani sistema saqmis ganxilvisaTvis kanoniTdadgenili vadebiT isev ewinaaRmdegeba evropis ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciasdisciplinuri saqmis gonivrul vadaSi ganxilvis mxriv. maSin, roca SesaZlebeliSeiqna, disciplinuri sanqciis Semfardebeli organo gaxdes umaRlesi instanciissasamarTlo, gardauvalia disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis procesis sametapianiproceduris gadaxedva da konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli saTanado procedurismoTxovnaTa dacva. 23saqarTvelos 2000 wlis 23 Tebervlis kanoni “saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebismosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb” sasamarTlo sistemisaTvis aris Sida kontroliserTaderTi meqanizmi.Tumca, mosamarTlis mier korufciuli darRvevis CadenisaTvis kanoniTgaTvaliswinebuli disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis procesisa da saxdelisdakisrebis praqtika jerjerobiT ar arsebobs. bolo periodSi (2004 wlis 30ivnisis kanoni “saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTadisciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis SesaxebkanonSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze”) ganxorcielebulisakanonmdeblo novacia, romelsac korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis anTanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis marTlmsajulebisa da samsaxurebrivi interesebissazianod gamoyenebis cnebis formaluri ganmarteba mohyva, ver iqneba am saxisdisciplinuri gadacdomisTvis pasuxismgeblobis realurad amoqmedebiswinapiroba (kanonis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis SeniSvna: “korufciulisamarTaldarRveva aris sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisa dakorufciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli darRveva, Tu igi ariwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv an administraciul pasuxismgeblobas.”).amasTan, “sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb”kanonis me-20 muxlis me-3 punqtiT dadgenilia korufciulisamarTaldarRvevisaTvis zogadi pasuxismgeblobis wesi. am kanoniT “korufciulisamarTaldarRvevisaTvis” disciplinuri preiudiciis arseboba “saerTosasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” kanonis 53-e da “saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlosSesaxeb” kanonis 24-e muxlebis Tanaxmad, mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis SewyvetissafuZvelia. Tu korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadenidan (roca mosamarTlis23“mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba, efeqtianoba da roli”, rekomendacia NR(94)12, miRebuli evropissabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers; Jurnali `mosamarTle da marTlmsajuleba:evropuli standartebi~, gamomc., saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos adamianis uflebaTa centri,.Tb., 2001, gv.10.79

mimarT gamoyenebuli iyo disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis zoma, gardaTanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebisa) erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mosamarTle Caidensaxal korufciul qmedebas, igi dauyovnebliv Tavisufldeba samsaxuridan. kanoniar ganmartavs mosamarTlis mier ukanaskneli korufciuli qmedebis xasiaTs _administraciuli darRvevaa is Tu disciplinuri gadacdoma. es procedurulproblemebs qmnis disciplinur samarTalwarmoebaSi.ramdenad efeqturi da qmediTia aRniSnuli kanonmdebloba sasamarTlo sistemaSikorufciasTan sabrZolvelad, amas praqtika mowmobs: “saqarTvelos saerTosasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa dadisciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb” kanonis amoqmedebidan, e.i. 2000 wlidandRemde (2004 wlis agvisto) korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis gamo saerTosasamarTloebis sistemaSi mxolod erTi disciplinuri saqme aRiZra. es faqtiTavisTavad adasturebs disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis araefeqturobaskorufciasTan brZolaSi, rac ganpirobebulia im sakanonmdeblo xarvezebiT,romlebic disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis kanons aqvs. kanoni zedmetadgadatvirTulia da ar ganmartavs korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis cnebasa daproceduras, romelic uzrunvelyofda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organoskoordinacias disciplinuri devnis organosTan da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuliformaluri moTxovnebis droul Sesrulebas. kerZod, disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis proceduris dasawyebad, mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg miRebulida/an winaswari Semowmebis masalebSi dafiqsirebuli korufciuli danaSaulisCadenis faqti disciplinuri saqmis warmoebisTvis sakmarisi ar aris (mux. 9).ukve aRZruli disciplinuri warmoebis SemTxvevaSi, kerZod, aRZrulidisciplinuri saqmis kvlevisas, Tu masalebi aSkarad miuTiTebs mosamarTlismier korufciuli danaSaulis Cadenaze, disciplinuri saqme Cerdeba (mux. 13).aseve, wydeba disciplinuri saqmis ganxilva sadisciplino kolegiaSi, Tu saqmismiRebisa da Semowmebisas kolegia daaskvnis, rom qmedeba, romelic safuZvladdaedo mosamarTlis disciplinur pasuxisgebas, Seicavs korufciuli danaSaulisniSnebs (mux. 37). sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRmZvreli organosaTvis gagzavnilimasalebis safuZvelze mosamarTlis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvrazeuari an aRZruli saqmis Sewyveta iwvevs SeCerebuli saqmis ganaxlebas, TumosamarTlis mimarT disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis vada ar arisamowuruli. kanoni disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis maqsimalur vadadsam wels adgens. kanonis me-13 muxlis Tanaxmad, disciplinuri saqmis warmoebisSeCerebis periodi ar iTvleba kanoniT disciplinuri saqmis gamokvlevisaTvisdadgenil vadaSi, arc disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis erTwlianvadaSi. samagierod, es periodi iTvleba disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisdakisrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenil samwlian vadaSi. sadisciplino warmoebispraqtikis ganzogadebiT, sadisciplino procedurebis dawyebis Semdeg oTximosamarTlis mimarT korufciuli darRvevis Taobaze gagzavnili masalebisisxlis samarTlis aRZvris sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, uaryofili iqnasisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis organos (prokuraturis) mier: or SemTxvevaSidevnis aRZvraze uari iTqva, xolo or faqtze _ aRZruli sisxlis samarTlissaqme Sewyda mosamarTlis mier korufciuli danaSaulis ararsebobis gamo. amSemTxvevaSi disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb kanonis 37-e muxlisformaluri moTxovna, rom mosamarTlis mimarT araRZrul an Sewyvetil sisxlissamarTlis saqmeze Sesabamisi informaciis miRebis Semdeg unda ganaxldes saqmiswarmoeba, Tu disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis vada amowuruli araris, araefeqturia da disciplinuri proceduris gaWianurebas iwvevs. realurad,gaWianurebuli proceduris Tavidan asacileblad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisorganoebSi gagzavnili saqmis paralelurad, disciplinuri devna orimosamarTlis mimarT ganxorcielda sisxlissamarTlebrivi organosgadawyvetilebis miRebamde. Tumca, am SemTxvevebSi disciplinuri devnis safuZvlad80

miTiTebuli ar yofila korufciuli samarTaldarRveva, xolo mosamarTleTasisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba korufciuli danaSaulisaTvis verganxorcielda prokuraturis mier warmoebuli gamoZiebiT.amdenad, mosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis kanonmdebloba arsebiTad unda gadamuSavdes da gamartivdes,korufciuli samarTaldarRveva gaimijnos administraciuli samarTaldarRvevisada sxva korufciuli gadacdomisagan (rac samosamarTlo eTikis sxva normebisdarRvevas niSnavs). saqarTvelos kanoni “saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebismosamarTleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis Sesaxeb” unda Seesabamebodes “sajaro samsaxurSi interesTaSeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanons (igulisxmeba VTavis me-20 muxli _ pasuxismgebloba korufciuli samarTaldarRvevisaTvis).vfiqrobT, mkafiod unda gaimijnos sisxlissamarTlebrivi wesiT dasjadikorufciuli danaSaulebi da sxva korufciuli samarTaldarRvevebi. SedarebiTmZime korufciul gadacdomaze unda gamoviyenoT administraciulisamarTaldarRvevisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli warmoeba, xolo danarCeni darRvevebivareguliroT eTikis normebiT. 24miuxedavad arsebuli SiSisa, rom mosamarTlis devna (Tundac korufciissafuZvelze) sasamarTlos prestiJs dascems, mosamarTleTa dasjis qmediTimeqanizmis arseboba da misi realuri amoqmedeba sasamarTlo sistemis mimarTsazogadoebis ndobas mxolod ganamtkicebs. amasTan, sadisciplinosamarTalwarmoebis praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, naTelia, rom sasamarTloSiarsebuli korufciis aRmofxvra mxolod mosamarTleTa disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis gziT SeuZlebelia. korufciasTan sabrZolvelad saWiroasisxlissamarTlebrivi meqanizmebis amoqmedeba; gonivruli sasamarTlo politikisgatareba, korufciuli qmedebebisTvis SesaZleblobebis SezRudva dasazogadoebrivi kontrolis gaZliereba.sainteresod gveCveneba amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier SemuSavebulidisciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis samodelowesebi, 25 romlis Sesabamisad:• sadisciplino komisia Sedgeba 2 _ sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo palatisgan.sasamarTlo palata Sedgeba 9 wevrisagan, xolo sagamoZiebo – 3 wevrisagan.palatebis Semadgenloba rotaciis principiT ganaxldeba, magram aravin SeiZlebaiyos erTdroulad orive palatis wevri;komisiis sruli Semadgenlobidan iqmneba (1) sadisciplino sabWo – romelsacsagamoZiebo funqcia aqvs da (2) sakomisio sabWo – romelsac sasamarTlo funqciaaqvs.komisiis SemadgenlobaSi Tanabrad Sedian mosamarTleebi, iuristebi da sajaromoxeleebi. maTi uflebamosilebis vada 4 welia. komisiis wevrebi zedized SeiZlebaairCion mxolod 2-jer.• disciplinuri procedura iwyeba komisiis mier saCivris miRebiT. informaciaSeiZleba modiodes werilobiTi saCivridan, satelefono zaridan, statiidanan nebismieri sxva maT Soris, anonimuri wyarodan. am saCivrebs ganixilavssadisciplino sabWo, romelsac ufleba aqvs, informacia, romelic werilobiTiformiT ar iqna miRebuli, werilobiTi saCivris saxiT Camoayalibos.24a. kaxniaSvili, “rogor vebrZoloT korufcias”, gamomc. `kabadoni~, Tb., 2002 w., gv.40.25Felix F. Stumpf, ABA Model Rules of Judicial Disiplinary enforcement, The National Judicial College, State Justice Institute,Reno, Nevada, 1996.81

sadisciplino sabWo valdebulia, miiRos yvela saCivari da acnobos momCivansmasze reagirebis Sedegebi;• sadisciplino sabWo asrulebs komisiis mier daqiravebuli iuristis funqciasda pasuxismgebelia im saCivrebis ganxilvasa da Sefasebaze, romelTa saganiamosamarTlis mier disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadena. disciplinuri devnissafuZvlianobis winaswari Semowmebis Semdeg sadisciplino sabWo komisiissagamoZiebo palatas warudgens erT-erT rekomendacias: dauSveblad cnossaCivari an sruli gamoZiebis Catarebis ufleba misces disciplinarul sabWos.sadisciplino sabWo ar monawileobs komisiis mier saqmis sasamarTloganxilvaSi, gadawyvetilebebis momzadebaSi an sxva msgavs saqmianobaSi;rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, sadisciplino sabWos ara aqvs winaswariSemowmebis Sedegad saCivris usafuZvlod cnobis damoukidebeli SesaZlebloba.misi gadawyvetileba mowmdeba komisiis sagamoZiebo palatis mier.disciplinuri devnis aRZvris safuZvlianobis Semowmebis etapze SesaZlebeliamowmeTa dakiTxva, dokumentebisa da faqtebis Semowmeba, Tumca am etapze ar xdebaoficialuri sasamarTlo uwyebebis gamoqveyneba Cvenebis miRebis an mtkicebulebismopovebis mizniT.disciplinuri devnis safuZvlianobis Semowmebisas sadisciplino sabWom aseveSeiZleba miiRos saCivris sxva uwyebisaTvis gadacemis gadawyvetileba.• sagamoZiebo palata amowmebs sadisciplino sabWos mier sadisciplino devnissafuZvlianobaze warmodgenil rekomendaciebs devnis aRZvrisa da sruligamoZiebis Catarebis an devnis aRZvraze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb;• disciplinuri devnis safuZvlianobis winaswari Semowmebis stadiazemosamarTles ar atyobineben saCivris Sesaxeb. am stadiaze sadisciplinosabWos sagamoZiebo palatis saqmianoba gasaidumloebulia;mosamarTles Setyobinebas saCivris Sesaxeb ugzavnis sadisciplino sabWo komisiissagamoZiebo palatis mier sruli gamoZiebis Catarebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebismiRebidan 10 dRis vadaSi. Setyobineba unda Seicavdes:• braldebis zust aRweras;• miTiTebas sasamarTlo eTikis kodeqsisa Tu sxva normatiuli aqtis muxlebisSesaxeb, romelTa darRvevac mosamarTles bralad edeba;• ganmartebas mosamarTlis movaleobis Sesaxeb, upasuxos braldebas;• ganmartebas mosamarTlis uflebis Sesaxeb Sexvdes disciplinur sabWos;• momCivnis vinaobas, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca sagamoZiebo palatas aqvs misigasaidumloebis mtkice safuZveli.Tu sagamoZiebo palata mosamarTlisagan pasuxs moiTxovs, SetyobinebaSimiTiTebuli unda iyos pasuxis warmodgenis zusti vada (Cveulebriv, es 30 dRea);xolo sabWos moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle valdebulia, gamocxaddes miswinaSe. mosamarTles SeuZlia, gamocxaddes advokatTan erTad.• disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba Tavisi arsiT ar aris sisxlissamarTalwarmoeba, radgan igi sasjelis saxiT ar iTvaliswinebs TavisuflebisaRkveTas an jarimas. is ar aris arc samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoeba. disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis mizania sasamarTlo xelisuflebis avtoritetis dacva damarTlmsajulebis sazogadoebis sasikeTod ganxorcielebisTvis xelSewyoba.82

mosamarTlis mier danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi mis winaaRmdeg aRiZvrebasisxlis samarTalwarmoeba. am dros, rogorc wesi, disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebaCerdeba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis dasrulebamde.• miuxedavad imisa, rom disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba Tavisi arsiT sisxlissamarTlwarmoeba ar aris, is mZime Sedegebi, rac SeiZleba mohyves disciplinurigadacdomis Camdenad mosamarTlis cnobas, mas braldebulisaTvis sisxlissamarTlis procesiT garantirebul mraval uflebas aniWebs. am uflebebidanerT-erTia advokatis ufleba;• disciplinur komisias ufleba aqvs, gamoikvlios da moipovos mosamarTlispiradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb is informacia, romelic disciplinurisamarTalwarmoebis procesSi aucilebelia saqmis obieqturad gamoZiebisaTvis.• disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis monawileni, kerZod, momCivani, mowmeebi,komisiis wevrebi da TanamSromlebi sargebloben imunitetiT mosamarTlismxridan maT winaaRmdeg samoqalaqo sarCelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi. es imunitetiar vrceldeba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaze;samoqalaqo imuniteti moixsneba, Tu momCivani an mowme disciplinuri procesisSesaxeb informacias gaaxmovanebs sajarod, magaliTad, masmediis saSualebebiT.• disciplinuri devnis safuZvlianobis Semowmebis stadiaze yvela informaciakonfidencialuria. mas Semdeg, rac mosamarTles oficialuri braldeba waeyeneba,yvelaferi sajaro xdeba. gansajaroebis safuZvelia sazogadoebis ufleba,hqondes informacia da sasamarTlo sistemis mTlianobisaTvis sajarosamarTalwarmoebis Catarebis aucilebloba;disciplinuri devnis sawyis stadiaze disciplinarul sabWos SeuZlia,gaamJRavnos informacia da Seatyobinos im pirs, visac safrTxe emuqreba an imsaxelmwifo dawesebulebebs (kerZod, samarTaldamcav organoebs), visac evalebasazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da usafrTxoebis dacva.konfidencialurobis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas erTmaneTs upirispirdeba oriinteresi – mosamarTlis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da sazogadoebisufleba, hqondes informacia. mocemul SemTxvevaSi sakiTxi sazogadoebissasargeblod aris gadawyvetili.• mas Semdeg, rac komisiis sagamoZiebo palata disciplinur sabWos sruli gamoZiebisnebas darTavs, sabWos eZleva mosamarTlisa da mowmeebis gamoZaxebis ufleba. Tusadisciplino sabWo CaTvlis, rom mosamarTlis werilobiTi pasuxi miuRebelian arasrulia, mas SeuZlia mosTxovos mosamarTles sabWoSi gamocxadeba dakiTxvebze pasuxis gacema. mosamarTles ufleba aqvs, ar misces Cveneba sakuTariTavis winaaRmdeg, anu mas aqvs dumilis ufleba, magram radgan disciplinurisamarTalwarmoeba Tavisi arsiT ufro samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas uaxlovdeba,mosamarTlis dumili SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas mis winaaRmdeg;disciplinur sabWoSi gamoZiebis stadiaze mosamarTlis gamocxadeba komisiissasamarTlo palatis mier saqmis ganxilvaze mosamarTlis gamocxadebisagangansxvavebuli proceduraa. gamoZiebis stadiaze sabWo jer kidev ar arisCamoyalibebuli disciplinuri gadacdomis Taobaze (dadastureba andaudasturebloba), amitom sabWoSi mosamarTlis gamocxadebas da axsna-ganmartebismicemas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. mosamarTlis saTanado axsna-ganmartebam, SesaZloa,naTeli mohfinos saCivarSi miTiTebul braldebebs da daarwmunos sadisciplinosabWo mis usafuZvlobaSi. mosamarTlis gamocxadebiT sabWos aseve eZlevaSesaZlebloba, gaigos wayenebuli braldebebis mimarT mosamarTlisdamokidebuleba da sasamarTlo ganxilvaze misi savaraudo pozicia.83

disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba Tavisi arsiT ar aris sisxlis samarTalwarmoebada braldebulis uflebebi srulad ar gamoiyeneba. erTgvarad SezRuduliadamcvelis uflebebic.sruli gamoZiebis stadiaze yvela procedura oficialuri braldebis wayenebamde,maT Soris sabWoSi mosamarTlis gamocxadeba, konfidencialurobis sruli dacviTmimdinareobs.• gamoZiebis dasrulebis Semdeg sadisciplino sabWo mis mier mopovebul yvelamtkicebulebas, agreTve, saqmis masalebs rekomendaciasTan erTad warudgenskomisiis sagamoZiebo palatas;• sadisciplino sabWos rekomendaciebi sagamoZiebo palatis mimarT da sagamoZiebopalatis (panelis) moqmedeba aseTia: disciplinur sabWos SeuZlia komisiissagamoZiebo palatas warudginos eqvsi saxis rekomendacia, romelic palatamSesaZloa miiRos, uaryos an Secvalos:a. saCivris dauSveblad cnobisa da mosamarTlis mimarT disciplinuri devnisaraRZvris SesaxebCven ukve ganvixileT disciplinuri devnis safuZvlianobis winaswariSemowmebis stadiaze,sadisci plino sabWos uflebamosileba. aseTiuflebamosileba sabWos sruli gamoZiebis dasrulebis Semdgomac aqvs, Tudarwmunda, rom ar arsebobs sakmarisi safuZveli mosamarTlis disciplinurpasuxisgebaSi misacemad. rekomendaciis wardgenis Semdeg mosamarTlisdisciplinur pasuxisgebaSi armicemis gadawyvetilebas iRebs sagamoZiebopalata. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi saCivarSi wayenebulibraldebebi ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg sxvadisciplinur saqmeSi. Tu saCivris dauSveblad cnobisa da mosamarTlis mimarTdisciplinuri devnis Sewyvetis Semdeg aRmoCnda axali garemoebebi, isiniSesaZlebelia iqces saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvlad.b. kerZo gafrTxilebis an pirobiTi disciplinuri SeTanxmebis SesaZleblobisSesaxebTu komisiis sagamoZiebo palatas gaaCnia sakmarisi safuZveli varaudisaTvis,rom mosamarTlem disciplinuri gadacdoma Caidina, disciplinuri sabWosrekomendaciiT, man SeiZleba mimarTos mosamarTles kerZo gafrTxilebiT andados masTan pirobiTi disciplinuri SeTanxmeba.kerZo gafrTxileba xdeba werilobiTi formiT, mosamarTlis TanxmobiT, imSemTxvevaSi, rodesac Cadenilia SedarebiT umniSvnelo disciplinuri gadacdoma,romelsac ar moutania mniSvnelovani ziani. palata kerZo gafrTxilebas gamoscemsmxolod im pirobiT, Tu mosamarTle ar moiTxovs misi saqmis sasamarTloganxilvas. Tu mosamarTle ar daTanxmdeba kerZo gafrTxilebas, maSin palataiRebs gadawyvetilebas oficialuri braldebis wayenebis an saCivris dauSvebladcnobis Sesaxeb. kerZo gafrTxileba ar gamoiyeneba oficialuri braldebiswayenebis Semdeg.pirobiTi disciplinuri SeTanxmeba formdeba werilobiT mxolod oficialuribraldebis wayenebamde. is ar warmoadgens sagamoZiebo palatis daskvnas, romdisciplinuri gadacdoma namdvilad moxda. is aris saidumlo SeTanxmebamosamarTlesa da sagamoZiebo palatas Soris, romliTac mosamarTle Tanxmdeba,daeqvemdebaros rig RonisZiebebs, rogoricaa specialuri treningebi ansaganmanaTleblo programebi da sxv. an Sesarulos garkveuli pirobebi. isgamoiyeneba mxolod SedarebiT umniSvnelo disciplinuri gadacdomisas, rodesac84

ar dgas mosamarTlis TanamdebobisaTvis Seufereblobis sakiTxi. ZiriTadad, esiseTi qmedebaa, romlisTvisac mosamarTle reabilitaciis kursis Catarebaseqvemdebareba. mas Semdeg, rac mosamarTle Seasrulebs SeTanxmebaSi mocemulpirobebs (gaivlis Sesabamis kurss), mis mimarT disciplinuri saqme ixureba.winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, palatam SesaZloa miiRos oficialuri braldebis wayenebisgadawyvetileba.kerZo gafrTxileba da pirobiTi disciplinuri SeTanxmeba is meqanizmebia,romelTa gamoyeneba disciplinuri gadacdomisas mosamarTlis interesebs sruladSeesabameba, radgan orive SemTxvevaSi saqme oficialuri braldebis wayenebamdear midis da yvela procedura konfidencialuri rCeba.g. oficialuri braldebis wayenebis SesaxebaseTi rekomendaciis dakmayofilebis Semdeg sagamoZiebo palata avalebsdisciplinur komisias oficialuri braldebis wayenebas. oficialur braldebaSizustad da naTlad unda iyos miTiTebuli im qmedebisa da muxlebis Sesaxeb,romelTa darRvevac mosamarTles braldeba. oficialuri braldebis wayenebismomentidan disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba sajaro xdeba.d. saqmis sxva uwyebisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxebes ZiriTadad im SemTxvevaSi xdeba, roca mosamarTlis saqmeSi aris sisxlissamarTlis danaSaulis niSnebi.e. saqmis SeCerebis SesaxebaseT gadawyvetilebas sagamoZiebo palata iRebs, Tu mosamarTlis saqme ganixilebasamoqalaqo an sisxlis samarTlis wesiT. disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba CerdebamaT dasrulebamde.• oficialuri braldebis wayenebis Semdeg, mosamarTles eZleva 20-dRiani vadapasuxis gasacemad. es vada SeiZleba mosamarTlis moTxovniT gagrZeldes.mosamarTles SeuZlia aRiaros, uaryos an nawilobriv uaryos braldeba;nebismieri faqtobrivi braldeba, romelic mosamarTlis mxridan upasuxod darCa,aRiarebulad iTvleba. oficialur braldebaze pasuxis gaucemloba mosamarTlismxridan braldebebis srul aRiarebad miiCneva.• mosamarTlis xelT arsebuli SesaZleblobebi oficialuri braldebiswardgenis Semdeg orgvaria: (a) saqmis sasamarTlo mosmena an (b) nebayoflobiTdiciplinur saxdelze molaparakeba;a. saqmis mosmena komisiis sasamarTlo palatis miermas Semdeg, rac mosamarTle daTanxmdeba saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvas, saqmesganixilavs komisiis sasamarTlo palata. saqmis ganxilvis procedura SinaarsiTada mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebiT samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas uaxlovdeba.b. nebayoflobiTi disciplinuri saxdelioficialuri braldebis wardgenis Semdeg, sasamarTlo palatis miergadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, arsebobs mosamarTlesa da disciplinur sabWosSoris nebayoflobiT disciplinur saxdelze molaparakebis SesaZlebloba. aseTSemTxvevaSi mosamarTle srulad an nawilobriv aRiarebs misdami wayenebulbraldebas da Tanxmdeba aseTi gadacdomisaTvis gankuTvnil saxdelze.85

Cndeba kiTxva, ratom unda daTanxmdes mosamarTle nebayoflobiTi disciplinurisaxdelis gamoyenebas, Tu manamde kerZo gafrTxilebis gamoyeneba an pirobiTidisciplinuri SeTanxmebis dadeba SeuZlebeli gaxda. amisaTvis ramdenime mizeziSeiZleba arsebobdes: disciplinuri gadacdoma imdenad seriozulia, rom kerZogafrTxilebis an pirobiTi disci plinuri SeTanxmebis gamoyenebamizanSeuwonelia; mosamarTlem amjobina proceduris gagrZeleba, radgan gamoZiebisSedegi ainteresebda da sxv.am stadiaze, roca oficialuri braldeba ukve wayenebulia, nebayoflobiTdisciplinur saxdelze SeTanxmeba momgebiania orive mxarisTvis. mosamarTlebraldebis aRiarebiT Tavidan aicilebs ZviradRirebul sasamarTlo process,agreTve sajaro procesze misi qmedebis farTod gaxmaurebas. garda amisa, Tukomisiis sasamarTlo palata da bolo instanciis sasamarTlo daTanxmdeba imsaxdelis gamoyenebas, romelzec mxareebi nebayoflobiT SeTanxmdnen, mosamarTleaRar dgeba sasamarTlos mxridan SeuTanxmebeli formis saxdelis gamoyenebiswinaSe. SeTanxmeba nebayoflobiTi disciplinuri saxdelis gamoyenebis Sesaxebaseve Sedis saxelmwifos interesebSi, radgan am SemTxvevaSi disciplinuri warmoebaswrafi da iafi xdeba. rogorc irkveva, finansuri sakiTxebi am SemTxvevaSi didrols TamaSobs sadisciplino komisiis SezRuduli biujetis gamo.SeTanxmeba nebayoflobiTi disciplinuri saxdelis Sesaxeb formdeba werilobiTda mas xels awers orive mxare. Tu SeTanxmebaSi miTiTebuli saxdelis zoma ardaamtkica komisiis sasamarTlo palatam an umaRlesma sasamarTlom, SeTanxmebaar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg saqmis sasamarTloganxilvisas. Tu SeTanxmeba damtkicda, maSin igi mosamarTlis bralis udavomtkicebulebas warmoadgens.SeTanxmebasTan erTad mosamarTlem xeli unda moaweros Tanxmobis specialurformas, sadac miTiTebulia, rom: (1) mosamarTle eTanxmeba saxdels; (2) TanxmobanebayoflobiTia; (3) braldeba disciplinuri gadacdomis Sesaxeb ganixileba;(4) SeTanxmebaSi miTiTebuli faqtebi simarTlea.SeTanxmebis dadebis Semdeg disciplinuri procesis dasruleba damokidebuliaimaze, ra gadawyvetilebas miiRebs komisiis sasamarTlo palata an umaRlesisasamarTlo. komisiis sasamarTlo palatas ufleba aqvs, uaryos SeTanxmeba angadagzavnos igi umaRles sasamarTloSi dasamtkiceblad. umaRles sasamarTlosaseve aqvs ufleba, uaryos SeTanxmeba an gamosces brZaneba disciplinuri saxdelisim formiT gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, romelic miTiTebulia SeTanxmebaSi.Tu SeTanxmeba uaryofilia sasamarTlo palatis mier, saqme ubrundeba sagamoZiebopalatas; xolo Tu SeTanxmeba uaryofilia umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier, saqmegadaecema komisiis sasamarTlo palatas sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansaxilvelad.SeTanxmeba nebayoflobiTi disciplinuri saxdelis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb sisxlissamarTlis procesSi mxareTa morigebas hgavs, romelic amerikis SeerTebuliStatebis samarTalSi cnobilia plea bargain-is saxeliT.• komisiis sasamarTlo palata aris marTlmsajulebis organo, romelicsTavazobs umaRles sasamarTlos gamosayenebeli disciplinuri saxdelissaxes an wyvets disciplinur warmoebas.• mas Semdeg, rac miRebulia mosamarTlis pasuxi an amoiwureba aseTi pasuxismiRebis vada, komisiis sasamarTlo palata niSnavs sasamarTlo sxdomis dRes,ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs disciplinur sabWos da mosamarTles. Tu mosamarTlear gamocxadda sasamarTlo sxdomaze, miiCneva, rom man aRiara faqtobrivibraldebebi da eTanxmeba palatis gadawyvetilebas.86

sasamarTlo palata Sedgeba 9 wevrisagan. saqmeebs palata Cveulebriv sruliSemadgenlobiT ganixilavs.disciplinuri saqmis ganxilvisas gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo saproceso normebi,Tumca palatas SeuZlia miiRos da umaRles sasamarTlos dasamtkicebladwarudginos saqmis ganxilvis sakuTari wesebi.saqmis ganxilvis procesSi orive mxares aqvs mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis, mowmeTagamoZaxebisa da maTi jvaredini dakiTxvis ufleba. garda amisa, mxareebs uflebaaqvT, moiTxovon mowmeTa iZulebiT moyvana da mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxovasasamarTlos mier.disciplinur samarTalwarmoebaSi mtkicebis standarti ufro maRali, vidresamoqalaqo procesSi da ufro dabali, vidre sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.braldeba gamagrebuli unda iyos “naTeli da damarwmunebeli” mtkicebulebebiT.• sasamarTlo palatis gadawyvetileba miiReba xmaTa umravlesobiT. sasamarTlosxdomidan 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi komisiis sasamarTlo palatam umaRlessasamarTlos unda warudginos sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi da mokle anotacia,moxseneba faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb (faqtebis aRweriloba), samarTlebrividaskvnebi, gansxvavebuli azri (Tuki aseTi arsebobda), SeTavazebuligadawyvetileba – gamamarTlebeli gadawyvetileba an rekomendaciadisciplinuri saxdelis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.sasamarTlo palatis angariSi egzavnebaT mxareebsac. angariSis miRebidan 10 dRisganmavlobaSi maT ufleba aqvT, moiTxovon masSi Sesworebebis Setana. aseTi moTxovnisararsebobis SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba, rom mxareebi eTanxmebian angariSis Sinaarss.• disciplinuri saxdeli Svidi saxisaa, maTgan 4, ufro mkacri _ sajarogafrTxileba, Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufleba, Tanamdebobidan droebiTiCamoSoreba da samosamarTlo uflebamosilebis SezRudva _ SeiZlebagamoyenebuli iqnas mxolod umaRlesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, komisiissasamarTlo palatis rekomendaciis safuZvelze. saxdelis iseTi saxeebi,rogoricaa piradi gafrTxileba da pirobiTi disciplinuri SeTanxmeba,SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas sagamoZiebo palatis gadawyvetilebiT.v. mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufleba da Tanamdebobidan droebiTiCamoSorebaamerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciaSi ar aris iseTi debuleba, romelicpirdapir mianiWebda umaRles sasamarTlos mosamarTlis TanamdebobidangaTavisuflebis uflebas. es SeiZleba moxdes mxolod impiCmentis wesiT. amisgamo umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba saxdelis iseTi saxe,rogoricaa Tanamdebobidan mosamarTlis droebiTi CamoSoreba.• sasamarTlo sistemis regulirebaze saboloo pasuxismgebloba awevs umaRlessasamarTlos. misi es roli momdinareobs:(1) saxelmwifo konstituciidan da (2) umaRlesi sasamarTlosuflebamosilebebidan.• umaRles sasamarTloSi daCqarebul (swraf) ganxilvas eqvemdebareba saqmeebi,rodesac komisia iTxovs disciplinuri saxdelis Sefardebas an miRebuliainformacia protestis Sesaxeb. Tu komisiam gamoitana gamamarTlebeligadawyvetileba da ar aris Setyobineba protestis Sesaxeb, umaRles sasamarTlosaqvs 15 dRe saqmis gadasaxedad. Tu sasamarTlom am periodSi saqmis gadaxedvisSesaxeb brZaneba ar gamosca, komisiis gadawyvetileba sabolood iTvleba.87

sadisciplino sabWos mier gamoTqmuli protesti saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvazeSeiZleba gaxdes saCivris safuZveli. damkvidrebuli saapelacio praqtikismixedviT, sakiTxebi, romlebic ar dasmula mxaris mier gamoTqmul protestSi,sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar ganixileba.• umaRlesi sasamarTlo saqmes ganixilavs Tavidan (de novo). komisiis mignebebida daskvnebi misTvis savaldebulo ar aris – umaRles sasamarTlos SeuZliamiiRos, uaryos an Seasworos isini. umaRles sasamarTlos aseve SeuZliagaamkacros an Searbilos komisiis mier SeTavazebuli saxdelis forma. umaRlesisasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi sajarod qveyndeba. Tu gadawyvetilebamosamarTlisaTvis gamamtyunebeli aRmoCnda, mas SeiZleba daekisros saprocesoxarjebis anazRaureba.Tu umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvis procesSi mosamarTliswinaaRmdeg wardgenili iqna axali saCivari, disciplinuri sabWo amis Sesaxebatyobinebs sasamarTlos. aseTi SemTxvevebis dros sasamarTlo ZiriTadad aCerebssaqmes meore saCivarTan dakavSirebuli procedurebis dasrulebamde. man SeiZlebaorive warmoeba gaaerTianos da erTiani saxdeli gamoitanos.• disciplinuri warmoeba umaRlesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlis winaaRmdegZiriTadi procedurebis analogiurad mimdinareobs. saqme pirvelad ganixilebasagamoZiebo palatis mier, romelsac SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba sruligamoZiebis Catarebis Sesaxeb, rac, SesaZloa, oficialuri braldebis wayenebiTdasruldes. disciplinuri sabWo da umaRlesi sasamarTlos mosamarTleSeiZleba SeTanxmdnen pirobiTi disciplinuri SeTanxmebis an kerZogafrTxilebis Sesaxeb. aseTi SeTanxmeba damatebiT mtkicebas ar saWiroebs. TuaseTi SeTanxmeba ar moxda da saqme sasamarTlo ganxilvamde mivida, saqmesganixilavs komisiis sasamarTlo palata. Tu arc disciplinuri sabWo da arcumaRlesi sasamarTlos mosamarTle ar iqnebian palatis gadawyvetilebiswinaaRmdegni da ar gaasaCivreben mas, palatis gadawyvetileba saboloodiTvleba. Tu romelime mxare gadawyvetilebas aprotestebs, maSin iqmnebaspecialuri umaRlesi sasamarTlo. mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian pirveli ansaapelacio instanciis mosamarTleebi, an orive erTad. maTi raodenoba umaRlesisasamarTlos mosamarTleTa raodenobis Tanabaria. specialur umaRlessasamarTlos gamoaqvs saboloo gadawyvetileba.IV. sazogadoebrivi kontroli1. masmedia da sasamarTlosityvis Tavisuflebisa da politikuri pluralizmis pirobebSi sazogadoebassakmao informacia aqvs sasamarTloSi arsebuli korufciis Sesaxeb. sasamarTloxelisuflebaSi korufcias xels uwyobs sazogadoebrivi kontrolis ararsebobaan arsebuli kontrolis araefeqturoba.sazogadoebrivi zedamxedvelobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa gamoqveynebulisasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis sistematuri analizi. reformis mimdinareobispirvelive etapze qarTulma marTlmsajulebam garkveulwilad angariSi Caabarasazogadoebas, roca uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gamoaqveyna. 2001 wlidandaiwyo uzenaesi sasamarTlos yvela gadawyvetilebis gamoqveyneba da internetissaSualebiT gavrceleba, rasac mohyva saolqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisSerCevis wesiT gamoqveyneba. aman SesaZlebeli gaxada, mecnier-iuristebsa da88

advokatebs moexdinaT sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadeba, rac ganapirobebdagadawyvetilebebis miRebisas sasamarTloebis Tanmimdevrulobas da iZleodagadawyvetilebis prognozirebis saSualebas. 26 sazogadoebrivi monitoringises forma efeqturia sasamarTlo xelisuflebis gasakontroleblad da isunda Seexos yvela donis sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas, gansakuTrebiT pirveliinstanciis, anu raionuli sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs. saerTosasamarTloebis mier 2003 wels pirveli instanciiT ganxilulia sul 130515saqme, maT Soris, 31760 samoqalaqo, 54770 administraciuli da 43985 sisxlissamarTlis saqme. sasamarTlo statistikis mixedviT, pirvel instanciaSiwarmoebuli saqmeebis garkveulma kategoriam (rogorc sisxlis samarTlis, isesamoqalaqo da administraciuli) instanciuri kontroli ver gaiara imis gamo,rom mxarem “korufciuli garigebiT” miaRwia sasamarTloSi sasurvelgadawyvetilebas da arc mowinaaRmdege mxare datova “uyuradRebod”, e.i. maSin,roca arakanonieri gziT, qrTamis gadaxdiT moxda “mxareTa morigeba”. zemdgominstanciebSi argasaCivrebis da imis gamo, rom raionuli sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba ar qveyndeboda, is saerTod ucnobi rCeboda sazogadoebisaTvis.samecniero wres da advokaturis korpuss erTmeva SesaZlebloba, ganazogadossasamarTlo praqtika, moamzados Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis komentari, raTaufro advili da sazogadoebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxados rTulisakanonmdeblo debulebebis ganmarteba. es exeba samewarmeo urTierTobebismaregulirebel normebsac, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes mewarmisaTvis samewarmeoriskis gaTvla.Tu sasamarTlos eqneba sazogadoebis ndoba, misi legitimuroba sazogadoebismier uzrunvelyofilia. 27reformis sawyis etapze ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo novaciebi sasamarTlossajaroobis Sesaxeb (gulisxmobda nebismieri piris mier procesis dros audiovideosaSualebebis uxmaurod gamoyenebas, televiziiT translaciasac)aragonivrulad gamoyenebis gamo araefeqturi aRmoCnda sazogadoebrivi azrisformirebisaTvis. nacvlad imisa, rom mediis mizani Sesrulebuliyo da sasamarTloxelisuflebis saqmianoba sazogadoebrivi interesebis Sesabamisad warmarTuliyo,mediaSi gamoqveynebuli uamravi informacia analizis gareSe rCeboda.analitikosebs an ar ainteresebdaT qveyanaSi marTlmsajulebis mdgomareoba, aneSinodaT xmis amoReba.aseve araefeqturi iyo sasamarTlo xelisuflebis yovelwliuri angariSebimaTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb.Tavisufali media sasamarTloSi korufciis kontrolis arsebiTi saSualebaa.saqarTveloSi dabalia mosaxleobis samarTlebrivi Segnebis done, amdenad, misimniSvnelovani nawilisTvis Znelad gasagebia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebisSinaarsi da motivacia. saWiroa saganmanaTleblo programebi rogorcJurnalistebis, ise mosaxleobisaTvis, raTa naTeli gaxdes ama Tu imgadawyvetilebis safuZveli. Tavisufal medias SeuZlia am saqmeSi daxmarebisgaweva, Tu igi mosaxleobas SesTavazebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis analizsda obieqtur kritikas daamkvidrebs. aseve, mniSvnelovania mediis saSualebiTsazogadoebrivi azris sasamarTlosaTvis miwodeba, warmoCena imisa, ras fiqrobsxalxi sasamarTloSi arsebul korufciaze da ra siZneleebs awydebaxelisuflebis am StosTan urTierTobisas.26Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE), to the attention of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, onappropriate initial and in-service training for judges at national and European levels; Strasbourg, 27 November, 2003.27r. klitgaardi, korufciis kontroli, gamomc. “ GCI”, gv. 61.89

aqve aRsaniSnavia qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTi Tavisebureba.sasamarTlos damoukideblobas safrTxes uqmnis ara sazogadoebis wevrebis,ubralo moqalaqeebis kritika an ukmayofileba, aramed maRali rangis saxelmwifomoxeleTa da politikosTa mudmivi mcdeloba, moaxdinon sazogadoebrivi azriTmanipulireba. maT mier mediis saSualebiT an oficialur gamosvlebSi gakeTebulinegatiuri gancxadebebi da qmedebebi realur safrTxes uqmnis sasamarTlosdamoukideblobas. sazogadoeba xedavs, rom sasamarTlos gauTavebeli lanZRvaginebisada usafuZvlo kritikis mizania marTlmsajulebisadmi sazogadoebisndobis Seryeva. amasTan, sasamarTloebSi xdeba am pirTa sarCelebis ganxilva.paradoqsia, rodesac piri (saxelmwifo moxele Tu politikuri moRvawe)dabejiTebiT arwmunebs sazogadoebas, rom marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisasadamianis uflebaTa dacvis garantiebi ar arsebobs da, amavdroulad sarCeliTmimarTavs sasamarTlos. 28miuxedavad imisa, rom sasamarTloebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb informaciaxelmisawvdomia, es ar kmara korufciis kontrolisaTvis mediis mxridan. xSiriayuradRebis gamaxvileba gaxmaurebul saqmeebze da aqcenti ar keTdeba sasamarTlosistemaSi mimdinare pozitiur mxareebze.obieqturi kritikis Tmenis valdebulebis miuxedavad, sasamarTlos mimarTusamarTlo kritikisa da Seuracxyofis SemTxvevebi ar unda darCes upasuxod.mediam unda SeZlos pozitiuri rolis Sesruleba, raTa daiZlios sazogadoebisnihilisturi damokidebuleba sasamarTlos mimarT.reformis pirvelive etapze saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlosTan Seqmnilmapressamsaxurma da mediajgufma daiwyo presasTan aqtiuri urTierToba da saamisodaamoqmeda sistemis Sida rezervebi, SemoiRes spikeri-mosamarTlis instituti.mediajgufis SemadgenlobaSi gaerTiandnen masmediisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebiswarmomadgenlebi, romlebic mosamarTleebTan erTad msjeloben sasamarTloebSiarsebul problemebze. am institutis dadebiT mxares warmoadgens is, rom mudmivadarsebobs JurnalistebisaTvis sasamarTlo saqmianobis sakiTxebze ganmartebismimcemi piri; es meTodi gamoricxavs saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlisaraobieqturobas cnobebis miwodebisas; mimdinareobs mediasTan mudmivi muSaoba;ukeT aris momzadebuli mediisaTvis gankuTvnili informacia. aRniSnulipozitiuri momentebi saSualebas aZlevs sazogadoebas, sasamarTlo xelisuflebazenaTeli da mTliani suraTi Seiqmnas. vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli modeliT muSaobisgagrZeleba da yvela instanciis doneze (saolqo da raionuli sasamarTloebi)pressamsaxuris Seqmna an spikeri-mosamarTlis daniSvna (romelic ar iqnebasasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an sxva administraciuli funqciis matarebeli) ufroqmediTs gaxdis Sida da sazogadoebrivi kontrolis formebs.2. saqarTvelos mosamarTleTa konferencia“saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” kanonis 77-e muxlis SesabamisadSeqmnili saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTvelobis organo _mosamarTleTa konferencia administraciuli komitetisa da sakonsultaciosabWos meSveobiT Sidakorporaciuli problemebis gadaWras da marTlmsajulebismdgomareobis Seswavlas emsaxureba. konferenciis daniSnulebaa sasamarTloxelisuflebis damoukideblobis, sasamarTlosadmi xalxis ndobis ganmtkiceba,mosamarTleTa avtoritetis amaRleba. sasamarTlos Sida kontrolis es formasasamarTlo reformis sawyis etapze ver iqna gamoyenebuli korufciasTan brZolisqmediT meqanizmad. saqarTvelos mosamarTleTa II konferenciam 2001 wlis 2328saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moxseneba saerTo sasamarTloebismosamarTleTa 2003 wlis 28 ivnisis saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa konferenciaze.90

ivniss miiRo samosamarTlo eTikis kodeqsi, romelic adgens samosamarTloeTikis ZiriTad principebs, qcevis wesebs da standartebs.administraciuli komitetis mier sasamarTloebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Seswavlisasar yofila gamovlenili korufciuli darRvevis faqtebi sasamarTlo personalisan kolegebis mxridan. mosamarTleTa konferenciaze (is weliwadSi mxolod erTxelimarTeba) gakeTebuli saangariSo moxsenebebi, gancxadebebi da mimarTvebi _mosamarTleTa realuri damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofis, Sromis anazRaurebisgazrdis Sesaxeb da sxv. _ xelisuflebas umetesad uyuradRebod rCeboda.“saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” kanonis Sida kontrolis meqanizmiamosamarTleTa konferencia, romelic administraciuli komitetis, sakonsultaciosabWos da sadisciplino sabWos meSveobiT aris damoukideblobis sakanonmdeblogaranti. am organos realurad unda daebalansebina iusticiis umaRlesi sabWossaxiT arsebuli Sereuli kontrolis sistema. mosamarTleTa konferenciis saxiTukve arsebobs Sida angariSvaldebulebis modeli, romelmac unda imuSaosSidakorporaciuli problemebis gadasaWrelad da marTlmsajulebis realurimdgomareobis Sesaswavlad.3. saqarTvelos mosamarTleTa asociaciasasamarTlo korpusis mier Seqmnili arasamTavrobo organizacia _ mosamarTleTaasociacia (kavSiri) SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas korufciis Sida kontrolisaTvis.asociaciis antikorufciuli proeqtis “cxeli xazis” meSveobiT Seqmnili meqanizmikorufciis Sesaxeb informaciis misaRebad da gamosavlenad mniSvnelovani nabijia.asociaciis eTikis komisiis mier sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi arsebul darRvevebzereagireba, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mudmivi sazogadoebrivi monitoringiSeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes korufciuli qmedebebis SesazRudad da iseTisazogadoebis Camosayalibeblad, romelic ar egueba korufcias.daskvniTi debulebebisasamarTlo sistemaSi korufciasTan brZola kvlav prioritetulia.antikorufciuli strategiis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa Zlieri sasamarTloebida srulyofili sakanonmdeblo sistema.korufciis aRmofxvra unda moxdes sasamarTlos damoukideblobis SenarCunebisada gaZlierebis paralelurad.sasamarTlo sistemaSi myarad fesvgadgmuli korufcia unda daiZlios sistemaSidawyebuli struqturuli da administraciuli reformebis gagrZelebiT.unda moxdes sasamarTlos organizaciuli muSaobis (administrirebis) gardaqmnasaerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. sasamarTlo sistemis organizaciulimowyobis daxvewa erT-erTi winapirobaa sasamarTlo sistemaSi korufciis Semcirebisa.seriozul reformas saWiroebs mmarTveli mosamarTlis instituti saerTosasamarTloebis sistemaSi korufciuli qmedebebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebisada maTze reagirebis TvalsazrisiT. sasamarTloSi antikorufciuli winadadebebiunda modiodes mmarTveli mosamarTleebidan.sasamarTloSi samoxeleo eTikis normebis realuri damkvidreba da, misi darRvevisSemTxvevaSi, saTanado reagireba qmediTi instrumentia saqmis warmoebisgaumjobesebisa da sasamarTlo sistemaSi momsaxurebis kulturis amaRlebisaTvis.91

mosamarTlis mier korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis, danaSaulis Cadenis anTanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis marTlmsajulebisa da samsaxurebrivi interesissazianod gamoyenebis faqtebis aRmosafxvrelad saWiroa, amoqmeddesmosamarTleobis kandidatebis SerCevisa da Sefasebis zusti kriteriumebi. undaSeiqmnas sazogadoebrivi informaciis mogrovebisa da Sefasebis gamWvirvalesistema.yovelwliurad unda xdebodes mosamarTleTa finansuri da qonebrivimdgomareobis analizi da deklaraciebis gadamowmeba. Sedegebi gamoqveyndes dagarkveuli daeWvebis SemTxvevaSi reagirebisaTvis gadaeces Sesabamis organoebs.sasamarTlo sistemaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad saWiroa garkveuliinstituciuri daZabuloba xelisuflebis or StosTan. es uzrunvelyofssasamarTloSi korufciis gamovlenas da damnaSaveTa dasjas (korufciuli,Tanamdebobrivi danaSaulis, anu sisxlis samarTaldarRvevis gamovlena-gamoZieba),korufciuli qmedebebis SesaZleblobaTa SezRudvas da im sazogadoebisCamoyalibebas, romelic ar egueba korufcias. bunebrivia, es ar undaganxorcieldes sasamarTlos damoukideblobis xelyofiT.sasamarTlos damoukideblobis mxolod sakanonmdeblo doneze aRiareba undaSeicvalos xelisuflebis danarCeni Stoebis mxridan realuri garantiebisSeqmniT, rac sasamarTloze gavlenis moxdenaze uaris Tqmis garda gulisxmobsmosamarTleebis Sesabamisi samuSao pirobebiT, anazRaurebiT, socialuri damaterialuri garantiebiT uzrunvelyofas.sasamarTlo xelisuflebis Sida kontrolis meqanizmi _ arsebuli sasamarTloinstanciuroba da saproceso zedamxedvelobis sistema unda daixvewos dagaZlierdes.sasamarTlo sistemaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gamoyenebulixarveziani sadisciplino procedurebi saWiroebs gamartivebas. SedarebiT mZimekorufciul gadacdomaze gamoyenebuli unda iqnas daxvewili administraciulisamarTaldarRvevis wesi, xolo danarCeni darRvevebi daregulirdes eTikisnormebiT.sazogadoebis mxridan kontrolis gaaqtiurebis mizniT, qmediTi unda gavxadoTmecnier-iuristebisa da advokatebis mier sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadeba,rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs Tanmimdevruls da prognozirebads gaxdis.sazogadoebrivi kontrolis gaZlierebis uzrunvelsayofad yvela instanciissasamarTlos doneze unda Seiqmnas pressamsaxuri an dainiSnos spikeri-mosamarTle,rac gamWvirvales gaxdis sasamarTlo xelisuflebis saqmianobas da daaaxloebsmas sazogadoebasTan.mediis meSveobiT intensiurad unda gaSuqdes korufciis daZlevisaken gadadgmulinabijebi da reformis pozitiuri aspeqtebi.obieqturi kritikis Tmenis valdebulebis miuxedavad, sasamarTlos mimarTusamarTlo kritikisa da Seuracxyofis SemTxvevebi ar unda darCes upasuxod.mediam unda SeZlos misi upirvelesi daniSnulebis Sesruleba, raTa daiZliossazogadoebis nihilisturi damokidebuleba sasamarTlos mimarT.92

gamoyenebuli literatura1. klitgaardi r., “korufciis kontroli”; gamomc., “ GCI”, 2003 w.2. rouz-akermani s., “korufcia da xelisufleba” mizezebi, Sedegebi da reforma;gamomc., “GCI”, 2002 w.3. saqarTvelos mTavrobis antikorufciuli strategia (proeqti).4. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 15 martis #95 brZanebuleba “zogierTiantikorufciuli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb”.5. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 27 ivlisis #758 gankarguleba da 17aprilis gankarguleba “antikorufciuli RonisZiebis gegmis damtkicebisSesaxeb”.6. “zogierTi antikorufciuli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos erovnuliantikorufciuli programis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, proeqti, 2000w.7. kaxniaSvili a.; “rogor vebrZoloT korufcias”; gamomc. `kabadoni~, Tbilisi, 2002w.8. msoflio bankis mxardaWeriT mimdinare sasamarTlo reformis proeqti(angariSi); Tbilisi, 2003 w.9. iusticiis sabWos sainformacio biuleteni, 2003w.10. saerTo sasamarTloebis departamenti, angariSi, 1998-2004 ww.11. Maria Dakolis and Kim Thachuk; The Problem of Eradicating corruption from the Judiciary. Attackingcorruption in the judiciary, critical process in judicial reform.12. ÂÊÊ áîðåòñÿ çà ÷èñòîòó ñóäåéñêîãî ñîîáùåñòâà Ðîññèéñêàÿ Þñòèöèÿ, ¹298, ñòð. 48-50.13. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2003 wlis statistika; krebuli“marTlmsajuleba saqarTveloSi”, Tbilisi, 2004 w.14. msoflio bankis sakredito xelSekrulebis “sasamarTlo reformis proeqtis”komponenti “saerTo sasamarTloebis administrireba da saqmeTa marTva,sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba”, qvekomponentis “sasamarTloebSisaqmis warmoebis sistemisa da sakancelario ganyofilebebis modernizacia”,saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvis perspeqtivebi, saqarTvelos iusticiissabWos sainformacio biuleteni, Tbilisi, 2003w.15. Þ. Ï. Ãàðìàåâ, Ó÷àñòèå íåäîáðîñîâåñòíûõ àäâîêàòîâ â îðãàíèçîâàííîé ïðåñòóïíîñòèè êîððóïöèè: êîìïëåêñíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà è ïðîáëåìû ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèÿ;ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûé ó÷åáíûé êóðñ, Ñàðàòîâ, 2003ã.16. William L. Miller, Ase B. Grodeland and Tatiana Y. Koshechkina, A culture of corruption, Ceupress,Central European University Press, 2001.17. “mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba, efeqtianoba da roli”, rekomendacia #R(94)12, miRebuli evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13oqtombers da “mosamarTleTa statutis evropuli qartia”.18. “mosamarTle da marTlmsajuleba”, evropuli standartebi, saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlo, Tbilisi, 2001w.19. “ZiriTadi principebi sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Sesaxeb”, miRebuligaeros danaSaulis sawinaaRmdego da samarTaldamrRvevTa mimarT mopyrobis93

Sesaxeb meSvide kongresis mier, milani 1985 wlis 26 agvisto-6 seqtemberi,gaerTianebuli erebis adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebi, wigni II, “saia”, Tbilisi1999w.20. Prof.Wim Voermans and Dr Pim Albers, Councils for the Judiciary in EU Countries. EuropeanCommission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ), Brussels-Belgium.21. Felix F. Stumpf, ABA Model Rules of Judicial Disiplinary enforcement, The National Judicial College,State Justice Institute, Reno, Nevada 1996.22. “saqarTvelos sasamarTlos winaSe mdgari axali amocanebi” Jurnali “qarTulisamarTlis mimoxilva”, ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebisqarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centri, #1, 2004w, gv.72-77.23. Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE). Opinion 2003, No.4, Of The Consultative Councilof European Judges (CCJE0, To The Attention of The Committee of Ministers of The Council ofEurope, On Appropriate Initial and In-Service Training for Judges at National and European Levels.Strasburg, 27 Nobember, 2003.24. “sasamarTlo xelisuflebisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobis reformiskoncefcia”, saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo, 2004.25. “samosamarTlo (iusticiis) sabWos roli evropasa da laTinur amerikaSi”(zogadi mimoxilva), amerikis iuristTa acociacia centraluri evropisa daevraziis samarTlebrivi iniciativa, naSromi momzadebulia amerikis iuristTaasociaciis centraluri evropisa da evraziis samarTlebrivi iniciativisiuristis, v. amisulaSvilis mier, 2004 w.94

giorgi siraZekorufcia saqarTvelos SinagansaqmeTa saministroSikorufciis problemaKsaxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoSi sayovelTao xasiaTisaada met-naklebad msoflios yvela qveyanaSi gvxvdeba. korufcia warmoadgensekonomikuri xasiaTis samarTaldarRvevas, romelic azianebs sazogadoebrivicxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sferos.K iseT ganviTarebad qveyanaSi, rogoricsaqarTveloa, korufcia problemebs uqmnis ucxoel da adgilobriv investorebs,emuqreba qveynis erovnul usafrTxoebas.korufcia SeiZleba aRmocendes rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo seqtorSi –xSirad ki orivegan. is SeiZleba inicirebuli iyos sajaro moxelis andainteresebuli klientis mier. korufciis sazRvrebi Zneli dasadgenia dadamokidebulia adgilobriv kanonebsa da zne-Cveulebebze 1 .rac Seexeba korufciis bunebas postkomunistur qveynebSi, igi principuladgansxvavdeba ganviTarebul qveynebSi arsebuli korufciisgan. Tavadpostkomunisturi transformaciis procesia unikaluri, radgan misi ekonomikakomunisturi tipisa ukve aRar aris, Tumca is jer arc sabazroa. Ees ki, Tavismxriv, aisaxeba korufciis gamomwvev mizezebsa Tu formebze 2 .winamdebare naSromi Seexeba korufciis problemas saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sistemaSi. kvleva efuZneba calkeuli moqalaqeebisa da SinagansaqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebis informacias, samsaxurebrivi SemowmebissaqmeTa ganxilvas da statistikur monacemebs.miuxedavad korufciis mravalgvari ganmartebisa, ar arsebobs am cnebis erTianisamarTlebrivi definicia. korufcia aris rogorc iurisprudenciis, ise rigisazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis kvlevis sagani, amitom misi ganxilva unda moxdeskompleqsurad.pirvel yovlisa, CamovTvliT im ZiriTad cnebebs, romlebic ganmartavs korufcias:• korufcia (Corruptio ) laTinuri warmoSobis sityvaa da “mosyidvas”,“gamyidvelobasa” da “meqrTameobas” niSnavs 3 .• saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, “korufcia sajaro samsaxurSi aris Tanamdebobispiris mier Tanamdebobis an masTan dakavSirebuli SesaZleblobis gamoyenebakanoniT akrZaluli qonebrivi an sxva saxis sikeTis miRebis mizniT, misTvis am1klitgaarti r., “korufciis kontroli”, Tbilisi, 2002. gv. xi .2papava v., “postkomunisturi kapitalizmis politikuri ekonomia da saqarTvelos ekonomika”,Tbilisi, 2002, gv. 203.3«Êðàòêèé Ñëîâàðü Èíîñòðàííûõ Ñëîâ», èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ðóññêèé ßçûê», Ìîñêâà, 1978, ñòð. 146.95

sikeTis gadacema an mis miRebasa da dakanonebaSi xelis Sewyoba 4 ”, xolo“korufciuli samarTaldarRveva aris qmedeba, romelic Seicavs korufciisniSnebs da romlisTvisac kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulia disciplinuri,administraciuli an sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba” 5 .sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas korufciuli da samoxeleo xasiaTisdanaSaulisaTvis iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisSemdegi muxlebi:• muxli 182 _ miTviseba an gaflangva;• muxli 194 _ ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia;• muxli 332 _ samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba;• muxli 333 _ samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis gadameteba;• muxli 337 _ samewarmeo saqmianobaSi ukanono monawileoba;• muxli 338 _ qrTamis aReba;• muxli 339 _ qrTamis micema;• muxli 340 _ kanoniT akrZaluli saCuqris miReba;• muxli 341 _ samsaxurebrivi siyalbe;• muxli 342 _ samsaxurebrivi gulgriloba.gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa korufciis didi masStabi im saxelmwifodawesebulebebSi, romelTac kanoniT uSualod evalebaT korufciasa da sxvasamoxeleo danaSaulTan brZola.am mxriv upirvelesad unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro,romelic warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze mravalricxovan (daaxloebiT 53 000TanamSromeli), centralizebul, gasamxedroebul, samarTaldamcav saxelmwifodawesebulebas. misi ZiriTadi amocanaa sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da usafrTxoebisuzrunvelyofa. saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrossaqmianoba vrceldeba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mraval sferoze (rac,garkveulwilad, ganapirobebs kidec korufcias am saministroSi). aRsaniSnaviais garemoeba, rom bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi Ss saministro realurad iyoudidesi ZalauflebiT aRWurvili uwyeba. praqtikulad, ar arsebobda araviTaribalansi massa da sxva Zalovan saministroebs Soris.bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi Kkorufciis done Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSigansakuTrebiT gaizarda, rac gamowveuli iyo subieqturi da obieqturi mizezebiT.erT-erT ZiriTad faqtors warmoadgenda qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime socialurimdgomareoba. amasTan, xelisuflebis mier ganzrax xdeboda policielTa waqezebakorufciuli qmedebebisaken, Segnebulad ar izrdeboda xelfasebi, arsebulimcire anazRaurebac ramdenime Tvis dagvianebiT gaicemoda, anu xelisuflebapolicias aZlevda iaraRs, sabuTs da Zalauflebas, ekeTebina is, rasac moisurvebda.amiT xelisufleba qmnida marTvad dajgufebas, romelic mzad iyo, xelSeuxeblobissanacvlod Seesrulebina nebismieri, maT Soris ukanono brZaneba.gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis periodSisaqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros akontrolebda sabWoTa kavSiris41997 wlis 17 oqtombris saqarTvelos kanoni “sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisada korufciis Sesaxeb”, me-3 muxlis pirveli punqti.5iqve, me-3 muxlis me-2 punqti.96

Sesabamisi uwyeba, xdeboda gegmuri Tu riggareSe Semowmebebi. damoukideblobismopovebis Semdeg saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro gaTavisufldamoskoveli revizorebis kontrolisagan da ar moxda am kontrolis Canacvlebasaparlamento da samoqalaqo kontrolis meqanizmebiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, SeiqmnaerTgvari vakuumi kontrolis mxriv, ramac mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli SssTanamSromelTa TviTnebobas. sabWoTa periodSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTanamSromlebi sargeblobdnen mTeli rigi socialuri da sxva saxisprivilegiebiT (SeRavaTebi komunalur gadasaxadebSi, specialuri sagzurebi,maRaziebi da sxv.), amasTan, mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba iyo axalbeda da staJianiTanamSromlebis anazRaurebaSi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg es SeRavaTebigauqmda, xolo saxelfaso gansxvaveba minimumamde davida. ra Tqma unda, socialurida sxva saxis SeRavaTebi ar gamoricxavs korufciul samarTaldarRvevas da amassabWoTa periodSi gamefebuli korufciac adasturebs, magram maTi gauqmebaSeiZleba miviCnioT damoukidebeli saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSikorufciis erT-erT stimulad, vinaidan aman ubiZga Zvel TanamSromlebs (romelTadidi nawili Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi dResac muSaobs), amgvari SeRavaTebi,Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebis Tu sxva korufciuli samarTaldarRvvbisgziT, Tavad moepovebinaT. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sxvadasxva danayofebSi Camoyalibda ukanono Semosavlebis mopovebissxvadasxva xerxebi da sqemebi, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi metad daixvewa.ukanonoba policiis TanamSromelTa cxovrebis wesad iqca da emsaxurebodamaTi (pirvel rigSi, xelmZRvanelebis) socialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas.aqve mizanSewonili iqneba, konkretulad SevexoT im sakiTxs, Tu ra saxiT da rameTodebis gamoyenebiT gvxvdeba korufcia Sinagan saqmeTa saministros calkeuldanayofebSi.udanaSaulobis prezumpciis principidan gamomdinare, qvemoT mocemulikorufciuli samarTaldarRvevebis faqtebSi (garda im saqmeebisa, romlebsacoficialuri msvleloba mieca) ar aris dasaxelebuli konkretuli pirebi.korufcia Sinagan saqmeTa saministros qvedanayofebSiSinagan saqmeTa saministros erT-erT umsxviles danayofs warmoadgenda sagzaopoliciis MmTavari sammarTvelo. am danayofSi korufciam gansakuTrebiT didmasStabs miaRwia. mTavari sammarTvelos ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgenda sagzaomoZraobis usafrTxoebis kontroli, qveyanaSi arsebuli avtosatransportosaSualebebis aRricxva-registracia, Semowmeba da marTvis mowmobis gacema. amqvedanayofSi arsebuli korufcia sazogadoebisTvis yvelaze ufro TvalSi sacemiiyo. sagzao policiis inspeqtorebisTvis dawesebuli iyo yoveldRiuri Tanxa(mZRolebisagan gamoZaluli ukanono Semosavlis mniSvnelovani nawili), romelicmaT unda CaebarebinaT uSualo xelmZRvanelebisTvis. es ukanasknelni, Tavismxriv, mokrebil Tanxebs unawilebdnen zemdgomebs. magaliTad, Tbilisis SinagansaqmeTa mTavari sammarTvelos mTawminda-krwanisis raionuli sammarTvelos sagzaopoliciis ganyofilebaSi 6 amgvari savaldebulo Tanxa TiToeul inspeqtorzedReSi 10 lars Seadgenda. Tanxis odenoba sxvadasxva raionebsa Tu regionebSiindividualurad ganisazRvreboda.Aam mizniT sagzao policiis inspeqtorebidamrRvevi mZRolebisagan saTanado sajarimo oqmebis Sedgenis nacvlad qrTamsiRebdnen. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom xSirad Tavad mZRolebi uwyobdnen xels policiis6Tbilisis Ss mTavari sammarTvelos mTawminda-krwanisis raionuli sammarTvelos sagzao policiisganyofilebis yofili TanamSromlisgan miRebuli informacia.97

TanamSromlebs, raki TviTonve surdaT problemis adgilze mogvareba da sajarimoTanxis (rac qrTamis ganakveTs bevrad aRemateba) garkveul nawils iqve uxdidneninspeqtors 7 . Ggarda dRiuri Tanxisa, sagzao policiis inspeqtorebisaTvisdawesebuli iyo e.w. aucilebeli dRiuri sajarimo oqmebis gamowerac (dReSidaaxloebiT 2-3), raTa biujetSi Sesuliyo garkveuli Tanxa da aRricxuliyodarRveva. amrigad, sagzao policiis TanamSromlebis muSaoba zogadad orimimarTulebiT mimdinareobda: pirveli _ korufciuli gziT garkveuli TanxisSegroveba, meore _ damakmayofilebeli statistikuri monacemebis Cveneba.garda quCebsa da magistralebze sagzao policiis TanamSromelTa mier Cadenilikorufciuli samarTaldarRvevebisa, adgili hqonda qrTamis gadaxdasavtosatransporto saSualebaTa registraciisa da gaformebisaTvis, maT Sorisiyo gatacebuli avtosatransporto saSualebebi, romelTa registraciagaformebaSisagzao policiis xelmZRvaneloba solidur Tanxas iRebda.vinaidan gzebsa da magistralebze satransporto saSualebaTa gadaadgileba damaTi kontroli sagzao policiis ZiriTad funqcias warmoadgenda, Zalzegavrcelebuli iyo sagzao policiis TanamSromelTa mier ukanono tvirTebisgacileba, ra Tqma unda, garkveul safasurad. amgvari saqmianobis ganxorcielebisufleba zogjer kanonierad, zogjer ki ukanonod, sagzao policiis garda,miniWebuli hqonda Sss satransporto policiisa da dacvis policiisdepartamentebs. amgvari paralelizmis gamo aRniSnuli qvedanayofebisTanamSromlebs Soris xSiri iyo konfliqti, saqme SeiaraRebul dapirispirebamdecmidioda 8 .garkveuli Tanxis safasurad xdeboda marTvis mowmobis gacemac (es damokidebuliiyo nebarTvis kategoriaze) yovelgvari samarTlebrivi procedurebis gverdisavliT. marTvis mowmoba gaicemoda gamoucdel da arakvalificiur mZRolebze,rac korufciis zrdis kvalad iwvevda da dResac iwvevs avtosagzao SemTxvevebs,maT Soris fataluri SedegiT.gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia erTi faqti, rac, SesaZlebelia, winaswarganzraxul da gaTvlil korufciul meqanizmad ganvixiloT, kerZod: ramdenimewlis win mZRolis mowmobis nimuSis damzadebisas, mowmobis nimuSze nacvladSvidqimiani borjRalisa, albaT, ganzrax iqna datanili rvaqimiani borjRali.es “Secdoma” ramdenime xnis Semdeg “aRmoaCines” da dRis wesrigSi dadga marTvismowmobebis Secvlis sakiTxi, maT Soris axladgacemuli mowmobebisac. moxda ise,rom mZRolebis mniSvnelovanma nawilma xelaxla gadaixada oficialurigadasaxadi (29 lari), xolo is, vinc es ar isurva, mravalgzis iqca sagzaopoliciis TanamSromelTa mxridan fulis gamoZalvis obieqtad 9 .sayuradReboa e.w. prestiJuli sanomre niSnebis (wyvili seriis, wyvili nomrebis,erTi an ori noliT dawyebuli sanomre niSnebis) gacemisas damkvidrebulikorufciuli garigebebi, ris Sedegadac didZali ukanono Semosavali ganawildasagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelosa da Ss saministros xelmZRvanelobas Soris.calke ganxilvis sagans warmoadgens yalbi teqnikuri pasportebis gacema. aqSemdegi saxis sqema gamoiyeneboda: moqalaqe, romelsac ar surda ucxoeTidanSemotanili avtosatransporto saSualebisTvis baJis gadaxda da martiviproceduriT manqanis sabuTebis mowesrigeba, sagzao policiis TanamSromlebsurigdeboda. kerZod, uxdida mas 400-600 aSS dolars da sanacvlod Rebulobdaavtomanqanis teqnikur pasportsa da sxva saWiro sabuTebs. Sinagan saqmeTa7moqalaqeebisgan miRebuli informacia.8satransporto policiis departamentis yofili TanamSromlisgan miRebuli informacia.9moqalaqeebisgan miRebuli informacia.98

saministros erT-erTi yofili TanamSromeli (romelic Suamavlis rolsasrulebda) acxadebs, rom sakmarisia 500 aSS dolaris gadaxda, raTa gadmogecesavtomanqanis teqnikuri pasporti. amasTan, savaldebulo ar aris avtomanqanissagzao policiaSi wardgena. rac imas niSnavs, rom SesaZlebeli iyo Tundacararsebuli avtomanqanis teqpasportis miReba 10 .Sss-s zogierTi normatiuli aqtis Tanaxmad, SesaZlebelia avtomanqanisregistracia, teqnikuri pasportisa da sanomre niSnebis miReba satransportosaSualebis saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semoyvanisas, rac korufciuli garigebebisxelSemwyobi faqtoria. magaliTad, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2001wlis 28 Tebervlis #59 brZanebiT “satransporto saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisada nomriani agregatebis savaldebulo registraciis wesis Sesaxeb instruqciisdamtkicebis Taobaze” damtkicebuli “satransporto saSualebebis, maTimisabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebis savaldebulo registraciis wesis” pirvelipunqtis Sesabamisad, registracias eqvemdebareba is satransporto saSualeba,romlis Zravis muSa moculoba 50 kubur santimetrze metia da ekuTvnissaqarTvelos moqalaqes, moqalaqeobis armqone pirs, ucxoeTis moqalaqesa dasajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs – miuxedavad misi organizaciulsamarTlebriviformisa da uwyebrivi kuTvnilebisa.saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2001 wlis 28 Tebervlis #59 brZanebiT“satransporto saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebissavaldebulo registraciis wesis Sesaxeb instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze”damtkicebuli “satranspotro saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomrianiagregatebis savaldebulo registraciis wesis” 25-e muxlis Tanaxmad, registraciaseqvemdebareba satransporto saSualeba, romlis mflobeli saqarTveloSiregistrirebuli iuridiuli piria, xolo TviT avtosatransporto saSualebaregistraciis momentisaTvis imyofeba saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, Tu sagzaopoliciaSi wardgenili iqneba satransporto saSualebis, misi misabmelis erTidokumenti mainc, romelic gasca:a) kerZo da sajaro samarTlis iuridiulma pirebma (erToblivi gancxadeba,xelSekruleba, nomriani agregatebis (Zrava, Zara, kabina) registraciisaserToblivi gancxadeba, cnoba-angariSi, qviTari, gasavlis faqtura);b) qarxana-damamzadebelma (miReba-Cabarebis aqti);g) samxedro nawilebma (teqdaTvalierebis aqti, krebiTi aqti, angariSganawesi);d) sabaJo samsaxurebma (deklaracia);e) sagadasaxado organoebma (qonebis gadacemis gadasaxadis deklaracia an cnoba);v) sasamarTloebma (gadawyvetileba, dadgenileba);z) notariusma (sakuTrebis uflebis damadasturebeli dokumenti);T) savaWro organizaciebma (cnoba, angariSi);i) saprivatizacio komisiam (auqcionis oqmi);k) sagzao policiam (erToblivi gancxadeba);l) Sinagan saqmeTa saministros samecniero-kvleviTma centrma (mowmoba TviTnakeTisatransporto saSualebebis gamocdaze, garda amisa, beWdiT damowmebulisatransporto saSualebis rekvizitebis Semcveli dokumenti).10Ss saministros yofili TanamSromlisgan miRebuli informacia.99

egistraciis monacemebi egzavneba sabaJo organos, raTa ganxorcieldes gaformebisprocedura, rodesac satransporto saSualeba gadmokveTs saqarTvelos sazRvars.zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi iseTi avtosatransporto saSualebisregistracia, romelic arasodes Semosula saqarTvelos teritoriaze,SesaZlebelia, Tu igi ekuTvnis saqarTveloSi registrirebul iuridiul pirsda Tu sagzao policias waredgineba zemoT dasaxelebuli dokumentebidan erTerTida beWdiT damowmebuli satransporto saSualebis rekvizitebis Semcvelidokumenti.saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2001 wlis 28 Tebervlis #59 brZanebiT“satransporto saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebissavaldebulo registraciis wesis Sesaxeb instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze”damtkicebuli “satranspotro saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomrianiagregatebis savaldebulo registraciis wesis” pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad,registracias eqvemdebareba avtosatransporto saSualeba, romelic ekuTvnissajaro da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebs – miuxedavad maTi organizaciulsamarTlebriviformisa da uwyebrivi kuTvnilebisa. xolo amave wesis me-8 punqtisSesabamisad, satransporto saSualebebiT movaWre organizaciebi sarealizaciodgankuTvnili satransporto saSualebebis registracias ar axdenen.saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2001 wlis 28 Tebervlis #59 brZanebiT“satransporto saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebissavaldebulo registraciis wesis Sesaxeb instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze”damtkicebuli “satransporto saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomrianiagregatebis savaldebulo registraciis wesis” Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi arsebuliregistraciis wesebi vrceldeba im satransporto saSualebebzec, romlebicregistrirebulia sxva saxelmwifoebSi da droebiT Semovida saqarTveloSi samdReze meti vadiT. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi avtosatransporto saSualeba ucxoeTSiixsneba aRricxvidan da registracias saqarTveloSi gadis 11 .Sinagan saqmeTa saministros uwyebrivi normatiuli aqtebi sazogadoebisaTvisnaklebad xelmisawvdomia, amis gamo Zneli saTqmelia, Tu ramdeni amgvari brZanebaarsebobs, ramdenia ZalaSi (2001 wlis 28 Tebervlis #59 brZaneba dResac ZalaSia)da Seesabameba Tu ara isini saqarTvelos konstitucias, saerTaSorisoxelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebs, kanonebsa da upiratesi iuridiuli Zalismqone kanonqvemdebare aqtebs. am mxriv Seusabamo iyo brZaneba, romelic exebodaavtosatransporto saSualebebis savaldebulo dazRvevas kompania “aldagSi”.es SeTanxmeba, savaraudod, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da aRniSnuli kompaniisxelmZRvanelTa korufciuli garigebis Sedegia. amiT saqarTvelos sadazRvevobiznesSi Seiqmna arakonkurentuli garemo, ramac mniSvnelovnad azaralamosaxleoba, qveynis biujeti.struqturuli reorganizaciis Sedegad, sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelogauqmda da 2004 wlis agvistodan misi funqciebi SeiTavsa Sss avtomagistralebissapatrulo policiis mTavarma sammarTvelom.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sapasporto-savizo da mosaxleobis registraciiserovnul biurosa da mis regionul Tu raionul danayofebSi, romelTakompetencias warmoadgens moqalaqeTa aRricxva, saqarTveloSi myof ucxoelTaregistracia, saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa piradobis mowmobebisa da pasportebisgacema, korufciis problema aseve aqtualuria. kerZod, xelovnurad xdebapiradobis mowmobebisa da pasportebis gacemis gaWianureba, ris gamoc moqalaqeTaumravlesoba iZulebulia, gadaixados garkveuli Tanxa am dokumentebis droulad11saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2001 wlis 28 Tebervlis #59 brZaneba.100

misaRebad. arsebobs faqtebi, rodesac saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa pasportis gacemakorufciuli garigebis gziT xdeba nasamarTlev da im pirebze, romlebsacsasamarTlo an sagamoZiebo organoebis dadgenilebiT akrZaluli aqvTsaqarTvelos farglebis datoveba. Aamis magaliTs warmoadgens ara erT umZimesdanaSaulSi mxilebul Zebnil pirze vake-saburTalos Sss sapasportoganyofilebis mier pasportis sxva gvariT gacemis faqti 12 . analogiuri SemTxvevebiiyo kaspis raionisa da Sss sxva sapasporto ganyofilebebSic.aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa pasportebTan dakavSirebuli Sinagan saqmeTasaministrosa da sxva struqturebis xelmZRvanelobis mier xelovnurad Seqmniliproblema: pasportebi saqarTvelos mTavrobis SekveTiT ibeWdeba safrangeTSi,tenderSi gamarjvebul erT-erT frangul firmaSi (romelsac manamde pasportebisbeWdvis gamocdileba ar hqonia). xelovnurad iqmneboda pasportebis ydebisdeficiti da aferxebdnen pasportebis gacemas, amitom moqalaqe iZulebuli iyo,gadaexada soliduri Tanxa (400-700 aSS dolari) 13 .Ss saministros aRniSnuli danayofis TanamSromelTa daudevrobisa dasamsaxurebrivi gulgrilobis gamo ar arsebobs saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa SesaxebmonacemTa erTiani, srulyofili baza, rac operatiuli samsaxurebisTanamSromlebs problemebs uqmnis moqalaqeTa monacemebis dadgenisas da aZnelebsarCevnebis Catarebas.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros narkomaniisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZoliserovnuli biuros (Catarebuli reorganizaciis Sedegad es biuro gadakeTdanarkomaniisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelod da moeqcasisxlis samarTlis samZebros mTavari sammarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi) da misiteritoriuli danayofebis kompetencias warmoadgens narkotikuli saSualebebismomxmarebelTa gamovlena, maTi aRricxva da narkogamsaReblebTan brZola, qveynisteritoriaze narkotikebis tranzitis gamovlena da prevenciuli zomebis gatareba.saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareobidan gamomdinare, aseve sazRvrebisarasaTanado kotrolis gamo, saqarTvelo narkotikebis momxmarebeli qveynidanTandaTan “dawinaurda” satranzito qveynad, ramac, bunebrivia, gamoiwviasaqarTveloSi narkomaniis zrda. yovelive es qmnis korufciis xelsayrel pirobebsnarkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis samsaxuris TanamSromelTaTvis. korufciisfarTod gavrcelebul meTods warmoadgens narkomomxmareblebis aRricxvisa dadasjis nacvlad maTi gaSveba garkveul safasurad. adgili aqvs narkotikebisTvismomxmarebelTa e.w. karuselze tarebas, rac garkveuli periodulobiT maTTvisTanxis ramdenjerme gamorTmevas gulisxmobs. adgili aqvs agreTve narkomanebise.w. “stavkis” dawesebis praqtikas, rac narkomanebis mier policiis SesabamisiqvedanayofebisTvis yovelTviurad gansazRvruli Tanxis gadaxdas gulisxmobs.am gziT narkotikebis momxmarebeli dazRveulia represiebisagan. Tanxis odenobadamokidebulia mraval garemoebaze: Tu romeli narkotikuli saSualebiszemoqmedebis qveSaa piri, imyofeba Tu ara igi ukve aRricxvaze, aRmoaCnda Tu aramas piradi Cxrekisas narkotikuli saSualeba, ra intensivobiT moixmars narkotiksda a.S. 14umravles SemTxvevaSi moqalaqeebisgan amoRebul narkotikul saSualebebspoliciis TanamSromlebi Tavad moixmaren, agentebs “jildos” saxiT gadascemenan axdenen realizacias. Ggarda aRniSnuli ukanono Semosavlebisa, narkomaniis winaaRmdeg mebrZoliganyofilebebis TanamSromlebi da maTi xelmZRvanelebi Tanamdebobis borotad12konfidencialuri wyaros mier mowodebuli informacia.13moqalaqeebisgan miRebuli informacia.14konfidencialuri wyaros mier mowodebuli informacia.101

gamoyenebiT mfarveloben narkotikuli saSualebebis gamsaRebelT, rac warmoadgensukanono Semosavlis udides wyaros.erTi SexedviT, dadebiTi movlena iyo Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2002 wlisbrZaneba, romliTac narkodanaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola daevala mxolod Sssnarkomaniisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnul biurosa da misteritoriul qvedanayofebs, xolo sxva samsaxurebs daevalaT narkotikebis ukanonobrunvasTan da moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis SesabamisiqvedanayofisTvis miwodeba. Tumca, realurad, sxva operatiuli samsaxurebisTanamSromlebma daiwyes Tanxebis gamoZalva informaciis damalvis sanacvlod.aSS-is narkotikebTan brZolis administraciis (DEA) ankaris ofisiswarmomadgeneli 2002-2003 wlebSi araerTgzis imyofeboda TbilisSi. is xvdebodaSss narkomaniisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnuli biurosa daTbilisis Ss mTavari sammarTvelos narkomaniisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdegbrZolis sammarTvelos xelmZRvanelobas. am Sexvedrebisas aSS-is antinarkotikuliadministraciis warmomadgenelma araerTxel aRniSna, rom mis xelT arsebuliinformaciis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi narkoindustrias akontrolebs erT-erTimaRali rangis policieli. misive TqmiT, saqarTveloSi moqmedebs heroinisgadamamuSavebeli, sul mcire, ori saidumlo laboratoria (erTi TbilisTan,meore baTumTan axlos) 15 . Sss antinarkotikuli samsaxurebis xelmZRvanelebmakategoriulad uaryves amerikeli kolegis informacia. Sesabamisad, arc heroinislaboratoriebisa da arc narkobiznesmeni policielis dasadgenad muSaoba arCatarebula.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros informatizaciis sammarTvelos kompetenciaswarmoadgens respublikis masStabiT moqalaqeTa piradi monacemebis erTianisaaRricxvo sistemis Seqmna, sagzao policiaSi gatarebuli da yadaRadadebuliavtosatransporto saSualebebisa da maTi mflobelebis registracia. amsammarTveloSi iyris Tavs informacia nasamarTlevi pirebis Sesaxebac. aRniSnulisammarTvelo flobs monacemTa erT-erT umsxviles bazas. aqedan gamomdinare,sammarTvelos TanamSromlebi da xelmZRvaneloba monawileobdnen korufciaSi.kerZod, garkveuli Tanxis (20-80 lari) safasurad, kanoniT dadgenil vadaze (5samuSao dRe) adre xdeba nasamarTlobis cnobis gacema. amasTanave, xdeba monacemTabazidan nasamarTlobis amoSla. am samsaxuris safasuri (500-10 000 aSS dolari)damokidebulia imaze, Tu romeli muxliTaa gasamarTlebuli konkretuli piri,ra droa darCenili nasamarTlobis moxsnamde an gaqarwylebamde da a.S., racsolidur Semosavals warmoadgens 16 .Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sisxlis samarTlis samZebros mTavari sammarTveloda misi teritoriuli sammarTveloebi da ganyofilebebi yvelaze did operatiuldanayofs warmoadgens. maT kompetenciaSi Sedis qveynis masStabiT momxdariseT danaSaulebze reagireba da maTi Tavidan acileba, rogoricaa danaSauliadamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis winaaRmdeg, sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg,organizebuli danaSaulisa da kriminaluri dajgufebebis liderebiswinaaRmdeg brZola da a.S.Sesabamisad, korufciis masStabi aRniSnuli danayofebis samoqmedo arealispirdapirproporciulia.Zalze xSiria aRniSnuli mTavari sammarTvelosa da misi teritoriuliqvedanayofebis xelmZRvanelebisa da rigiTi TanamSromlebis mier Tanamdebobriviuflebamosilebis gadameteba, Tanamdebobis borotad gamoyeneba, adamianis15konfidencialuri wyaros mier mowodebuli informacia.16moqalaqeebis mier mowodebuli informacia/102

uflebebis darRveva, moqalaqeebisgan da kerZo mewarmeebisgan fulis gamoZalva.sisxlis samarTlis samZebros mTavari sammarTvelos TanamSromlebis miergarkveuli safasuris sanacvlod xdeba maT samoqmedo teritoriaze aralegalurisaqmianobis mfarveloba.am qvedanayofis TanamSromlebi monawileobdnen da xels uwyobdnen gaxmaurebulgatacebebs. maT mierve xdeba moqalaqeebisgan fulis gamoZalvasamarTaldarRvevebze Tvalis daxuWvis sanacvlod. Aadgili aqvs ukanono dakavebebs. rogorc wesi, esaa iaraRis, sabrZolo masalebisada narkotikuli saSualebebis Cadeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom policiis oficerTadabali profesionalizmis gamo Sss sadReRamiso krebsis monacemebSi viTomdaeWvmitanili pirebis Cxrekisas maTTan “aRmoaCendnen” iaraRs da sabrZolo masalebs,romlebic qarxnuli wesiT, Tanmimdevrulad aris danomrili. Zneli misaxvedriar aris, rom xdeba erTi da imave yuTidan aRebuli iaraRisa da sabrZolomasalebis Cadeba. saamisod policiis TanamSromlebs kargi “samsaxuri” gauwiaaWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi amoRebulma ukanono iaraRma da sabrZolomasalebma, romlis udidesi nawili Camotanilia TbilisSi 17 .SesaZlebelia mravali faqtis dasaxeleba, roca sisxlis samarTlis samZebrosmTavari sammarTvelos xelmZRvanelebi marTlsawinaaRmdego saqmianobaSimonawileobdnen, magram aRvniSnavT mxolod erTs: 2002 wlis zafxulSi TbilisSi,“Cais saxlSi” mdebare saaqto darbazSi gaimarTa saqarTveloSi da sazRvargareTmoRvawe “kanonieri qurdebis” Sekreba. es Sekreba miznad isaxavda maTidanaSaulebrivi saqmianobis ukeT koordinirebasa da gavlenis sferoebisgadanawilebas. xelSeuxeblobis sanacvlod “kanonierma qurdebma” Sinagan saqmeTasaministros Sesabamis samsaxurebs gadauxades 103 000 aSS dolari (70 000 ergo Sssaministros centraluri aparatis Sesabamis samsaxurs, 30 000 _ Tbilisis SsmTavar sammarTvelos, xolo 3 000 _ afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis Sssaministros, radgan Sekrebaze afxazeTidan devnili “kanonieri qurdebic”imyofebodnen) 18 .Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagamoZiebo departamentis movaleobaa Sssaministros qvemdebare sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis winaswar gamoZieba.sagamoZiebo departamenti Sinagan saqmeTa saministros erTaderTicentralizebuli qvedanayofia, misi teritoriuli samsaxurebi ar eqvemdebarebaadgilobrivi Ss organoebis xelmZRvanelebs da emorCileba uSualod SsssagamoZiebo departamentis xelmZRvanelobas. korufcia am departamentSi isevegavrcelebulia, rogorc sxva uwyebebis sagamoZiebo samsaxurebSi. kerZod,sakanonmdeblo xarvezebis gamo gamomZieblebs saSualeba aqvT, SecvalondanaSaulis kvalifikacia (magaliTad, pirdapiri ganzraxva SecvalonarapirdapiriT, arapirdapiri ganzraxva gaufrTxileblobiT da a.S.). ra Tqmaunda, yovelive es xdeba braldebulTan anda mis axloblebTan korufciuligarigebis safuZvelze. am procesSi, rogorc wesi, monawileoben prokuraturisada sasamarTlo organoebis TanamSromlebic.aucileblad unda aRiniSnos sawinaaRmdego procesic _ mokvlevisa da gamoZiebisorganoebis TanamSromlebi qrTams uxdian moqalaqeebs. saqarTvelos sisxlissamarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, mTeli rigi sagamoZiebomoqmedebebis kanonierad cnobisaTvis aucilebelia damswreebis monawileoba.rogorc wesi, moqalaqeebi did enTuziazms ar iCenen damswris saxiT monawileobaze,ris gamoc policielebi da gamomZieblebi iZulebulni arian, “xelfasis” Tu“jildos” saxiT damswreebs gadauxadon 20-30 lari. amis gamo arseboben “Statiani”17konfidencialuri wyaros mier mowodebuli informacia.18Sss-s yofili TanamSromlisagan miRebuli informacia.103

damswreebi, anu mokvlevisa da gamoZiebis qvedanayofebi iyeneben erTi da igivemowmeebs 19 .Sinagan saqmeTa saministros kadrebisa da pirad SemadgenlobasTan muSaobismTavari sammarTvelos kompetenciaa Sinagan saqmeTa organoebSi erTiani sakadropolitikis gatareba, TanamSromelTa miReba, moqmedi TanamSromlebis waxalisebada disciplinuri wesiT dasja, aseve morigi specialuri wodebebis rogorckanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi, ise vadamdeli miniWeba.vinaidan struqturis dakompleqtebis sakiTxs wyvets kadrebisa da piradSemadgenlobasTan muSaobis mTavari sammarTvelo, umravles SemTxvevebSi garkveulsafasurad xdeboda araprofesionalebis miReba, rac sagrZnoblad aisaxeba policiismuSaobaze. amasTan, korufciuli garigebis safuZvelze xdeboda moqmedi TanamSromlebiswaxaliseba, maTTvis specialuri wodebis vadamdeli miniWeba da sxv.garda zemoaRniSnulisa, xSirad kadrebisa da pirad SemadgenlobasTan muSaobismTavar sammarTvelosTan korufciuli garigebis safuZvelze xdeboda SinagansaqmeTa organoebidan daTxovnili an/da nasamarTlevi TanamSromlebis piradisaqmis gadakeTeba da maTi ara marto Sinagan saqmeTa organoebSi aRdgena, aramedufro maRal Tanamdebobaze daniSvnac. nacvlad TanamSromelTa profesionaluriunar-Cvevebis gaTvaliswinebisa da kanoniT dadgenili wesiT SerCevisa,korufciuli garigebebis safuZvelze Sinagan saqmeTa organoebSi xdebodapoliciis im TanamSromelTa dabruneba, romlebic mWidro kavSirSi imyofebiandamnaSaveebTan da xSirad Tavadac sCadian danaSauls.kadrebis SerCevisas ar warmoebda maTi saTanadod Seswavla, ris gamoc SinagansaqmeTa organoebis rigebSi iReben kriminaluri warsulis mqone, narkomaniiTada alkoholizmiT daavadebul pirebs.unda iTqvas isic, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministros reformirebis saagentos(gauqmda 2004 wlis ivnisSi) mier SemuSavebuli koncefciiT, policiisTanamSromelTa samsaxurebrivi winsvlis ZiriTadi principi iyo policielisetapobrivad dawinaureba damsaxurebis mixedviT. Tumca reformirebis saagentomTavadve daarRvia es principi da uSualo rekomendaciiT saagentos erT-erTiTanamSromeli yovelgvari safexurebis gauvlelad dainiSna sapasuxismgeblopostze. samsaxurebrivi winsvlis principi dResac uxeSad irRveva. TanamdebobispirTaTvis, rogorc wesi, ucxoa disci plina, pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba, maTumravlesobas warmodgena ara aqvs Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sistemaze,saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoze, sakuTar movaleobebze da saerTod ar icnobssaqarTvelos moqmed kanonmdeblobas.Eyovelive es negatiurad aisaxeba rogorcstruqturis muSaobaze, ise piradi Semadgenlobis saqmianobaze.aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom kadrebisa da pirad SemadgenlobasTan muSaobismTavari sammarTvelos TanamSromlebi xSirad gamxdaran maRali TanamdebobispirTa ukanonobis msxverpli. magaliTad, 2004 wlis agvistoSi kadrebis erTerTiTanamSromeli samsaxuridan daiTxoves Sinagan saqmeTa ministrismoadgilis gankargulebiT imis gamo, rom man ar daniSna ministris moadgilisproteJe erT-erT Tanamdebobaze, vinaidan am piris monacemebi moTxovnebs arSeesabameboda.sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ Sinagan saqmeTa saministros akademiawarmoadgens uwyebriv umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas, romlis umTavresifunqciaa Sinagan saqmeTa organoebisaTvis profesionali da saTanado unar-CvevebiT aRWurvili kadrebis momzadeba. unda iTqvas, rom Ss saministros19Sss-s TanamSromlebisgan miRebuli informacia.104

akademiaSi korufciis masStabi didi iyo, iseve, rogorc qveyanaSi dRes moqmedTiTqmis yvela umaRles saswavlebelSi.kerZod, bolo wlebSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministros akademiaSi masobrivad xdebodakursantebis miReba qrTamiT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, sruliad moSlili iyo saswavloprocesi da disciplina. swavlis procesSi wamoWrili TiTqmis yvela sakiTxiumetesad kursantebsa da akademiis xelmZRvanelobas Soris korufciuli garigebissafuZvelze wydeboda. codnis Sefaseba xdeboda garkveuli Tanxis safasurad.amasTan, Ss saministros akademiis bazaze gaxsnili iyo fasiani fakulteti, sadacstudentebi ukonkursod iricxebodnen, rac Semosavlis kidev erT solidurwyaros warmoadgenda. Sss-s akademiaSi ukanono “mosakreblebis” wliuri brunvadaaxloebiT 500 000 aSS dolars Seadgenda 20 .akademiis specifikidan gamomdinare, nacvlad mkacri disciplinisa da swavlebisgansakuTrebuli reJimisa, policiis akademiis kursantebi leqcia-seminarebsTavisufali grafikiT eswrebodnen. akademiis kursantebi akademiaSi swavlisprocesSi awydebodnen korufcias, pirveli dRidanve eCveodnen mas dayalibdebodnen arakvalificirebul da korumpirebul policielebad.kursantis mier akademiaSi Casaricxad da Semdgom oTxi wlis manZilze sesiebisdros gadaxdili Tanxebi ileqeboda akademiis TanamSromelTa da xelmZRvanelobisjibeebSi, xolo kursantebi akademiis dasrulebisa da muSaobis dawyebis Semdegmaqsimalurad cdilobdnen, swavlis dros gaRebuli Tanxebi mosaxleobisa dabiujetis xarjze amoeRoT.aRsaniSnavia, rom policiis akademiis kursantebi swavlebis dasrulebis SemdegwesiT unda uzrunvelyon SromiTi mowyobiT, rac bolo periodSi ar xdeboda darealurad mxolod mcire nawili midioda ganawilebiT. danarCeni iZulebuliiyo, qrTamiT moeZebna adgili Ss organoebSi, raTa Semdgom keTilsindisierimuSaobis nacvlad samsaxurebrivi mdgomareoba borotad gamoeyenebina,aenazRaurebina danaxarji da mogebac enaxa.analogiuri mdgomareoba iyo Sss akademiis pirveldawyebiT saswavlo centrSic,sadac momzadebas axalbeda TanamSromlebi, xolo gadamzadebas staJianiTanamSromlebi gadian. uxarisxo swavlebis gamo policiis TanamSromelTa didmanawilma ar icis cecxlsasroli iaraRiT sargeblobisa da usafrTxoebiselementaruli wesebi, rac xSirad ubedur SemTxvevas iwvevs.akademiis axalma xelmZRvanelobam mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi gaatara. kerZod,obieqturad Catarda saxelmwifo da sakurso gamocdebi, ris Sedegadac akademiiskursantTa mxolod 10%-ma miiRo dadebiTi Sefaseba. Semcirda usafuZvlodgaberili Stati, ris xarjzec gaizarda xelfasebi. es mniSvnelovani meqanizmiakorufciis masStabis mkveTrad Sesamcireblad.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sameurneo da finansuri uzrunvelyofis mTavarisammarTvelos ZiriTad funqcias warmoadgens Ss saministros Tanxebis kanonieradgankargva da Ss saministros sameurneo uzrunvelyofa, kerZod: saministrosbiujetis proeqtis Sedgena, Ss saministros balansze arsebuli nivTebis saTanadoaRricxva-marTva, TanamSromelTaTvis xelfasebisa da samivlinebo Tanxebis gacemada sxv.aRniSnuli danayofis movaleobebidan naTlad Cans, rom mis gankargulebaSia Sssaministros mTeli biujeti. aqedan gamomdinare, sameurneo da safinansouzrunvelyofis mTavar sammarTveloSi korufciis masStabi sagrZnobi iyo.aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom miuxedavad xelfasebis dagvianebiT gadmoricxvisa20Sss-s akademiis dRevandeli reqtoris mier gakeTebuli gancxadeba.105

finansTa saministrodan, xSirad policiis TanamSromelTaTvis xelfasebis darigebaSegnebulad Wianurdeboda, es ufro maSin xdeboda, rodesac qarTuli lariskursi ucxour valutasTan SefardebiT mkveTrad meryeobda. vinaidan SinagansaqmeTa saministros piradi Semadgenloba erT-erTi mravalricxovania qveyanaSiarsebul saxelmwifo struqturebs Soris, Sesabamisad, saxelfaso fondic didia,xolo aseTi odenobis Tanxebis sakuTari interesebis Sesabamisad gankargvasolidur Semosavals iZleoda. kerZod, xdeboda ucxouri valutis kursis vardnisada zrdis SemTxvevaSi misi Sesyidva da Semdgom sasurveli kursis dros gayidvaan piriqiT, aseve moklevadian da sxva Semosavlian safinanso operaciebSi Tanxebisdabandeba. arsebobda aRniSnuli mTavari sammarTvelos xelmZRvanelebis uSualogamgeblobaSi myofi bankebi da sxvadasxva safinanso institutebi, romlebic maTaxlo naTesavebze iyo gaformebuli. swored am safinanso institutebSi warmoebdaukanono operaciebi (maT Soris, fulis gaTeTreba).garda zemoaRniSnulisa, mimarTavdnen fulis miTvisebis martiv xerxsac. xSiradformalurad gamoiyofoda Tanxebi Ss saministros mier dagegmili specoperaciebisada sxva saxis RonisZiebebisaTvis, realurad ki am Tanxebis gaxarjva sxvagvaradxdeboda. amis magaliTia pankisis xeobaSi Catarebuli specoperacia, romeliciTvaliswinebda Ss saministrosa da Sinagani jarebis rogorc piradiSemadgenlobis, ise teqnikis sawvav-sapoxi masaliT, tyvia-wamliTa da sxva saWirosaSualebebiT uzrunvelyofas. Sedgenili nusxidan nawili saerTod ar SeZenila,xolo nawili Seisyides dabali xarisxis da mcire raodenobiT 21 .rac Seexeba policiis TanamSromelTa sazRvargareT mivlinebis TanxebismiTvisebas, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wlebis manZilzepoliciis TanamSromlebs am Tanxis gacemaze uars eubnebodnen. Aamas Ss saministrosxelmZRvaneloba xsnida Tanxebis uqonlobiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom debulebiTada kanoniT yvela saxelmwifo struqtura valdebulia, aanazRauros TanamSromlissamivlinebo dRiuri xarji. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom samivlinebo Tanxebis gamoweramainc xdeboda, gansakuTrebiT jgufuri mivlinebisas, oRond ara kanonieriadresatebisaTvis. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac piradi nacnobobis an sxvakorufciuli garigebis safuZvelze gascemen am Tanxebs. aseT dros Tanxis nawilirCeba korumpirebul xelmZRvanelebs, romelTac uSualod evalebaT samivlineboTanxebis gacema.rac Seexeba samivlinebo Tanxebs qveynis SigniT, isini umetesad gaicema, oRonddagvianebiT. Aamitom mivlinebaSi gasamgzavrebeli TanamSromlebi am SemTxvevaSicmidian garkveul garigebebze, raTa rogorme miiRon MmaTTvis gamoyofili Tanxa.gadasaxedia Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier Catarebuli tenderebis kanonierebissakiTxic. MgasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi saqarTveloskontrolis palatas Semowmeba wlebis manZilze ar Cautarebia.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros satransporto policiis departamenti (gauqmda 2004wlis ivlisSi)Awarmoadgenda mravalricxovan qvedanayofs. SeiZleba iTqvas, romes iyo “saministro saministroSi”. Mmas gaaCnda sakuTari sagamoZiebo, kriminalurida administraciuli policiis da sxva samsaxurebi, romlebic, TavianTispecifikidan gamomdinare, aranakleb iyvnen Cabmuli korufciaSi. satransportopoliciis funqcias warmoadgenda satransporto danaSaulis gamovlena, aRkveTa,gamoZieba da Tavidan acileba. am funqciis calke gamoyofa saerTod ar iyomizanSewonili, iseve, rogorc TviT am departamentis (agreTve transportisprokuraturisa da transportis uSiSroebis) arseboba.21sameurneo da finansuri uzrunvelyofis mTavari sammarTvelos dokumentacia.106

saqarTvelos sarkinigzo sadgurebsa da baqnebze vaWrobiT dakavebuli mosaxleobaSesabamisi danayofebis TanamSromlebs dReSi 5 lars uxdida, rac saboloo jamSidid Tanxas Seadgenda. analogiuri mdgomareoba iyo, garkveuli TaviseburebebiT,Tbilisis Ss mTavari sammarTvelos metropolitenis policiis sammarTveloSic.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros korufciasTan da ekonomikur danaSaulTan brZolismTavari sammarTvelo (Catarebuli reorganizaciis Sedegad aRniSnuli mTavarisammarTvelo gadakeTda korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelod da Sevidasisxlis samarTlis samZebros mTavari sammarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi) warmoadgensim danayofs, romelsac uSualod evaleba korufciisa da samoxeleo danaSauliswinaaRmdeg brZola. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, am danayofSi korufciam farTogasaqani hpova. aRsaniSnavia, rom ekonomikur danaSauls ZiriTadad miekuTvnebaukanono mewarmeoba, kontrabanda, gadasaxadebis damalva, ukanono Semosavlebislegalizacia, falsifikacia da sxv. amasTan, am danayofis kompetenciaSia yvela imdanaSaulze reagireba, romelic Cadenilia sajaro moxelis mier.unda aRiniSnos, rom qveyanaSi warmoebuli produqciis umetesi nawilifalsificirebuli iyo, xolo mewarmeTa TiTqmis 60%-is saqmianoba ukanono.aqedan gamomdinare, xSiri iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac am danayofis TanamSromlebimfarvelobdnen aseT mewarmeebs garkveul safasurad. metic, ukanono saqmianobiTdakavebul mewarmeebs dawesebuli hqondaT yovelTviuri gadasaxadi, racwarmoadgenda maTi “usafrTxoebis” garantias.igive situacia iyo kontrabanduli saqonlis qveynis teritoriaze gadaadgilebismxrivac: garkveul safasurad samsaxuris TanamSromlebi araTu akavebdnen daebrZodnen kontrabanduli tvirTis gadaadgilebas, aramed acilebdnen kidec masdaniSnulebis adgilamde.aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom ekonomikur danaSaulTan brZola mimdinarewlis 15 aprilidan saqarTvelos prezidentis specialuri gankargulebissafuZvelze daevala saqarTvelos finansTa saministros finansur policias.amrigad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelosdarCa mxolod samoxeleo danaSaulTan da dokumentebis gayalbebasTan brZola.calke aRniSvnis Rirsia 2003 wlis noembris saparlamento arCevnebSi saqarTvelosSinagan saqmeTa saministros “monawileoba”. garda masze dakisrebuli ZiriTadimovaleobisa (sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva), Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosxelmZRvanelobam policiis TanamSromlebs daavala sxvadasxva politikosebismxardaWera. kerZod, 2003 wlis oqtombris bolos ministris erT-erTma moadgilemCaatara gafarToebuli TaTbiri, romelzec teritoriuli organoebisxelmZRvanelebs daavala, uzrunveleyoT policielTa mxardaWera saxelisufleboblokisaTvis. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros centraluri aparatisTanamSromlebisTvis, miuxedavad maTi sacxovrebeli adgilisa, xmis misacemadgamoiyo krwanisis #9 saarCevno ubani, rac, TavisTavad, darRvevaa. arCevnebisdasrulebis Semdgom kadrebisa da pirad SemadgenlobasTan muSaobis mTavarisammarTvelos TanamSromlebi sistematurad ibarebdnen da sxvadasxvadisciplinuri sasjelis gamoyenebiT emuqrebodnen im policielebs, romlebmacver an ar miiRes monawileoba arCevnebSi.saqarTvelos konstituciis 28-e muxlis pirvel punqtSi vkiTxulobT:“saqarTvelos yovel moqalaqes 18 wlis asakidan aqvs referendumSi, saxelmwifoda TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba.uzrunvelyofilia amomrCevelTa nebis Tavisufali gamovlineba”.amrigad, 2003 wlis noemberSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mxridan adgili hqondakonstituciis uxeS darRvevas.107

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sistemaSi korufciasTan da sxvasamarTaldarRvevebTan brZolis Sedegebi 22Ss organoebis saqmianobis Sida kontrolisTvis Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSifunqcionirebs generaluri inspeqcia, romelmac unda gamoavlinos policiisarakeTilsindisieri TanamSromlebi, Caataros samsaxurebrivi Semowmebebi, daawesosdisciplinuri saxdelebi, danaSaulis niSnebis arsebobisas samsaxurebriviSemowmebis masalebi gadaugzavnos prokuraturas. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, romgeneraluri inspeqcia 2000 wlamde Sedioda Sss kadrebisa da piradSemadgenlobasTan muSaobis mTavari sammarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi, rac imasniSnavs, rom generaluri inspeqciis TanamSromlebi uSualo ufrosis gardaeqvemdebarebodnen am sammarTvelos ufrosis moadgiles, ufross, ministrismoadgiles da ministrs, amdenad, didi iyo generaluri inspeqciis saqmianobaSiukanono Carevis albaToba. generaluri inspeqciis uSualod Ss ministrisaTvisdaqvemdebarebam amgvari albaToba minimumamde daiyvana. Ss saministros momavalireformirebis gegmiT, Sss generaluri inspeqcia gamoeyofa Sinagan saqmeTasaministros, Seiqmneba saxelmwifo organoebis makontrolebeli erTianigeneraluri inspeqcia, romelic uSualod daeqvemdebareba saqarTvelos prezidents,rac ganamtkicebs am uwyebis damoukideblobas.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros generaluri inspeqciis mier 1994-2004 wlebSisxvadasxva danaSaulisa da gadacdomisaTvis disciplinuri wesiT policiisTanamSromelTa dasjis statistikuri monacemebi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:daiTxovesgaaTavisuflesgadaayenessxvadasxvadisciplinurisasjeli daedo1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 20032004wlis7 Tve72 159 382 188 202 163 92 119 112 97 14838 42 213 71 54 87 37 65 89 27 387 47 - 7 17 39 - - - - -152 146 889 646 411 353 297 317 438 281 249sul 269 394 1484 912 684 642 426 501 639 405 435miuxedavad mTavrobis mier SemuSavebuli araerTi programisa, romelic mimarTuliiyo zogadad qveyanaSi, kerZod, samarTaldamcav organoebSi korufciis daZlevisaken,bolo wlebis manZilze Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sistemaSi korufciis sakiTxikvlav mwvaved dgas, razec metyvelebs qvemoT moyvanili monacemebi. Sinagan saqmeTaorganoebidan sxvadasxva samarTaldarRvevisaTvis 2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi SinagansaqmeTa saministros generaluri inspeqciis mier Catarebuli samsaxurebrivi SemowmebissafuZvelze daiTxoves 92 TanamSromeli, maT Soris 12 xelmZRvaneli muSaki;Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflda 74 TanamSromeli, maT Soris 33 xelmZRvaneli muSaki.am periodSi gamovlinda sxvadasxva saxis korufciuli samarTaldarRveva, kerZod:22naSromis mocemul nawilSi moyvanili informacia efuZneba Sss-s generaluri inspeqciis miermomzadebul angariSebs da statistikur monacemebs.108

Tbilisis gldani-naZaladevis raionis Sinagan saqmeTa sammarTvelos me-8ganyofilebis TanamSromlebma daakaves da policiis ganyofilebas warudginesarasrulwlovani v. moroxia, romelsac Cxrekis dros aRmoaCnda “f-1” tipisxelyumbara. faqtze aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme da aRmkveT RonisZiebad v.moroxias Seefarda policiis zedamxedveloba. aRniSnuli brZanebis Sesrulebaganyofilebis xelmZRvanelobas konkretuli TanamSromlisTvis ardauvalebia.Umetic, amave ganyofilebis policiis ufrosis moadgile kriminaluripoliciis xaziT, policiis vice-polkovniki m. gabunia, saqmis mosagvarebladdaukavSirda dakavebulis mSobels, i. moroxias da qrTami mosTxova.Semowmebis safuZvelze me-8 ganyofilebis sisxlis samarTlis samZebrosqveganyofilebis ufrosi, policiis maiori l. jaSiaSvili da kriminaluripoliciis ufrosi m. gabunia daiTxoves Sinagan saqmeTa organoebidan, xoloamave ganyofilebis ufrosi, policiis maiori n. rosnaZe gaTavisuflda.m. gabuniasa da sxvaTa mimarT prokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqmessk me-19 muxliT da 333-e da 338-e muxlebis pirveli nawilebiT.2002 wlis 3 marts telekompania “rusTavi-2”-is gadacema “60 wuTSi” gavida siuJetisagarejos sagamoZiebo ganyofilebis ufrosis, T. masuraSvilisa da gamomZiebelm. jiquraSvilis mier moqalaqe d. TediaSvilisagan 2 500 aSS dolaris gamoZalvisSesaxeb.Semowmebis Sedegad dadginda, rom 2001 wlis 14 maiss sagarejos Sinagan saqmeTaraiganyofilebas Seatyobines moqalaqe d. TediaSvilis mier cecxlsasroliiaraRidan sami moqalaqis daWris faqti. mokvleuli masalebi gadaeca sagarejossagamoZiebo samsaxuris gamomZiebels m. jiquraSvils, romelmac masalebze mokvlevada winaswari gamoZieba Caatara saproceso kanonmdeblobis uxeSi darRveviT dagangeb gaaWianura saqmis warmoeba. amasTan, gamomZiebeli m. jiquraSvilidaukavSirda braldebuli d. TediaSvilis dedas da qrTami mosTxova, racdaafiqsires samauwyeblo kompania “rusTavi-2”-is Jurnalistebma. amis gamo m.jiquraSvili da T. masuraSvili daiTxoves Sinagan saqmeTa organoebidan. maTmimarT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme ssk 332-e muxlis pirveli nawiliTgaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebiT.garda zemoaRniSnulisa, xSiria policiis TanamSromelTa mxridan iseTi ukanonoqmedeba, rogoricaa komerciul saqmianobaSi monawileoba. ase isini axdenenTavianTi samewarmeo saqmianobis lobirebas da iReben kanoniT akrZaluldamatebiT Semosavals. 2002 wels gamovlinda ramdenime aseTi faqti, kerZod:2002 wlis 22 ianvars imereTis samxareo Sinagan saqmeTa mTavari sammarTvelossisxlis samarTlis samZebros inspeqtori t. ioseliani amxiles xis morebisdamzadeba-realizaciidan miRebuli 19 000 aSS dolaris miTvisebaSi. igi daiTxovessamsaxuridan.2002 wlis 20 Tebervals Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisufles Zmebi – qvemo qarTlissagamoZiebo samsaxuris ufrosi gamomZiebeli a. xizaniSvili da Sss akademiissaswavlo centris sameurneo ganyofilebis ufrosis moadgile g. xizaniSvili.isini iyvnen Sps “qarTlisa” da Sps “getacis” damfuZneblebi da monawileobdnenkomerciul saqmianobaSi.2002 wlis 13 ivniss komerciul saqmianobaSi monawileobisaTvis Sinagan saqmeTaorganoebidan daiTxoves satransporto policiis departamentis aTaseulis me-3aseulis ocmeTauri v. sisviZe, romelic eweoda navTobproduqtebiT vaWrobas damarneulis zonalur sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi registrirebuli iyo kerZomewarmed.109

garda amisa, Zalze xSiria policiis TanamSromelTa mier angarebis mizniTkontrabanduli Tu sxva tvirTebis ukanono gacileba, rac solidur SemosavalsiZleva. Uunda aRiniSnos, rom samsaxurebrivi specifikidan gamomdinare, tvirTebisukanono gacilebiT ZiriTadad dakavebuli arian sagzao policiis TanamSromlebi,Tumca am saqmianobaSi monawileoben Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis sxva rgoliswarmomadgenlebic. 2002 wlis saangariSo periodSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosgeneraluri inspeqciis mier gamovlinda policiis TanamSromelTa mier Cadeniliam saxis ramdenime danaSauli:2002 wlis 3 ianvars tvirTebis ukanono gacilebaSi amxiles Tbilisis sagzaopoliciis ufrosi inspeqtorebi n. adeiSvili da z. beJuaSvili.2002 wlis 6 marts gamoaaSkaraves Sss-s akademiis satransporto saSualebaTa dateqnikis marTvis inspeqtori s. beraZe, romelic acilebda fqviliT datvirTul“kamazis” markis avtomanqanas.aseve gamovlinda Tbilisis isani-samgoris Sinagan saqmeTa sammarTvelos sisxlissamarTlis samZebros ufrosi inspeqtori T. valiSvili, romelsac samsaxurebriviavtomanqaniT ergneTidan TbilisSi gadmohqonda kontrabanduli saqoneli.calke msjelobis sagania Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis adgilobrivi danayofebismier danaSaulis faqtebis damalvis tendencia. 2002 wels generalurma inspeqciamgamoavlina 44 aseTi faqti, Tumca aRniSnuli monacemebi ar iZleva mTliansuraTs, vinaidan damaluli danaSaulis ricxvi respublikis masStabiT gacilebiTdidia.danaSaulis damalvas ZiriTadad ori mizezi aqvs: vinaidan muSaobis Sefasebiskriteriums warmoadgens danaSaulis gaxsnis procentuli maCvenebeli, operatiulisamsaxurebi cdiloben, damalon gauxsneli danaSaulis faqtebi, raTa maTmaraodenobam zegavlena ar moaxdinos procentul maCvenebelze; amasTan, policiisTanamSromelTa mier danaSaulTa damalva xdeba angarebiT, rac xels uSlisqveyanaSi Seqmnili saerTo kriminogenuli viTarebis Seswavlasa da analizs.yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, 2002 wels generaluri inspeqciis mierCatarebuli samsaxurebrivi Semowmebis Sedegad korufciul danaSaulebze SinagansaqmeTa organoebis TanamSromelTa mimarT aRZrulia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebisSemdegi raodenoba:vis mimarTCatardasamsaxurebriviSemowmebaMmokle SinaarsiGgatarebuliRonisZiebebiSeniSvna1gldaninaZaladevisSssammarTvelosme-8ganyofilebisufrosismoadgile,policiis vicepolkovnikim. gabuniasamsaxurebriviuflebamosilebisgadametebadaTxovniliiqnasaqarTvelosprokuraturaSim. gabunias mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#7402802 ssk me-19, 333-eda 338-e muxlebiT110

vis mimarTCatardasamsaxurebriviSemowmebaMmokle SinaarsiGgatarebuliRonisZiebebiSeniSvna2isani-samgorisraionis dacvispoliciisganyofilebispolicielebi,policiisserJantebim. cercvaZe,m. SubaSiSvili,policiisrigiTebiz. kinwuraSvili,r. boWoriZe,k. kalaviSvilisamsaxurebrividisciplinisdarRvevisaTvis,dasacaviobieqtidansaqonlisgayidvadaTxovniliiqna - 5isani-samgorisprokuraturaSim. cercvaZis,m. SubaSiSvilis,z. kinwuraSvilis,r. boWoriZisa dak. kalaviSvilis mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#0402802, ssk 332muxliT. m.McercvaZeswaredgina brali dagadaigzavnasasamarTloSi3gldaninaZaladevisSssammarTvelossisxlissamarTlissamZebrosganyofilebisufrosiinspeqtori,policiismaioril. yifianiyaCaRobisfaqtis damalvadaaqveiTesTbilisisprokuraturaSil. yifianis mimarTaRZruliiqna sss # 1002810, ssk332-e muxlis pirvelinawiliT, masalebigadaigzavna gldaninaZaladevisprokuraturaSi4Sss sagamoZiebodepartamentissagarejossagamoZieboganyofilebisufrosi,policiispolkovnikij. masuraSvilida amaveganyofilebisgamomZiebelim. jiquraSvilifulisgamoZalvismcdelobadaTxovniliiqna - 2saqarTvelosprokuraturaSiT. masuraSvilisa dam. jiquraSvilis mimarTaRZruli iqna sss# 7402893, ssk 332-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT5kaxeTis samxareoSinagan saqmeTamTavarisammarTvelosnarkomaniisa danarkobiznesiswinaaRmdegbrZolisganyofilebisTanamSromelTamimarTmoqalaqea.mTvarelaSvilismobiluritelefonisukanonoCamorTmevisfaqtzekaxeTis olqisprokuraturaSi 2002wlis 1 marts kaxeTissamxareo Ss mTavarisammarTvelosTanamSromelTa mimarTaRZruli iqna sss# 4302801, ssk 332-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT111

vis mimarTCatardasamsaxurebriviSemowmebaMmokle SinaarsiGgatarebuliRonisZiebebiSeniSvna6didube-CuRureTisSinagan saqmeTame-2ganyofilebisTanamSromelTamimarTdanaSaulisdamalvaTbilisisprokuraturaSi 2002wlis 28 maiss didube-CuRureTis SsTanamSromelTa mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#1002835, ssk 332-emuxliT7vake-saburTalosSinagan saqmeTaganyofilebisTanamSromelTamimarTdanaSaulisdamalvasastikisayveduri - 2TbilisisprokuraturaSi vakesaburTalosSs me-2ganyofilebisTanamSromelTa mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#1002844, ssk 332-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT8isani-samgorisSinagan saqmeTame-2ganyofilebissisxlissamarTlissamZebrosqveganyofilebisinspeqtoris,policiisleitenantis e.mZevaSvilismimarTmoqalaqe g.daviTaSvilisfizikuriSeuracxyofa da700 aSSdolarisgamoZalvasayveduri - 1saqarTvelosprokuraturaSiaRZruli iqna sss# 7402910, ssk 333-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT9rusTavis SssammarTvelossapasportosavizodamosaxleobisregistraciisqveganyofilebisTanamSromelTamimarTqrTamis aRebagaTavisufleba- 1saqarTvelosprokuraturaSig. jaianisa dam. babiloZis mierqrTamis aRebis faqtzeaRZruli iqna sss#7402867, ssk 338-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT10TbilisisSinagan saqmeTamTavarisammarTvelosdroebiTimoTavsebisizolatorisguSagpolicielis,policiiszemdegis,r. znaZis mimarTpatimris gaSveba daTxovna - 1vake-saburTalosprokuraturaSir. uznaZis mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#0702963, ssk332-e muxlis pirvelinawiliT112

ac Seexeba 2003 wels, generaluri inspeqciis mier samsaxurebrivi SemowmebisSedegad Sinagan saqmeTa saministros TanamSromelTa korufciuli da sxvadanaSaulebis gamovlenisaTvis daiTxoves 86 TanamSromeli, maT Soris 15xelmZRvaneli muSaki, xolo dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebulia 12TanamSromeli, maT Soris 5 xelmZRvaneli. sasjelebis raodenoba SedarebiTnaklebia 2002 wlis monacemebze.amave wels generaluri inspeqciis mier gamovlinda policiis TanamSromelTamier Cadenili korufciuli saxis danaSaulebi, kerZod:19 marts moqalaqe s. subari gaaCera sagzao policiis inspeqtorma n. yvaviaSvilmaim sababiT, rom man daarRvia moZraobis wesebi da gamoarTva 5 lari, TumcaSesabamisi qviTari ar miucia.am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT masalebi gadaigzavna saqarTvelos prokuraturaSi,xolo Tbilisis prokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme #1003846 sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 338-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT.8 agvistos daakaves vake-saburTalos Sinagan saqmeTa sammarTvelos me-5ganyofilebis sisxlis samarTlis samZebro qveganyofilebis ufrosi, policiiskapitani v. gelaSvili, romelic eWvmitanili iyo 2003 wlis 1 agvistos moqalaqek. vardukaZisagan 8 000 aSS dolaris gamoZalvaSi, SemdgomSi am ukanasknelisukanono Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, daxvretis inscenirebiTa da ojaxis amowyvetismuqariT 52 000 aSS dolaris gamoZalvaSi. v. gelaSvils narkologiuri SemowmebiTdaudginda narkotikuli nivTierebis zemoqmedeba. is daiTxoves Sinagan saqmeTaorganoebidan. Mmis mimarT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme #7403330, romlissafuZvelzec v. gelaSvils waredgina braldeba ssk 143-e muxlis me-2 nawilis “a”da “T” qvepunqtebiT, 188-e muxlis me-2 nawilis “a” qvepunqtiT, amave muxlis me-3nawilis “b” qvepunqtiT, 181-e muxlis me-2 nawilis “a” da “g” qvepunqtebiT da 239-emuxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisaTvis. v. gelaSvils Seefardapatimroba.7 Tebervals satransporto policiis departamentis korufciasTan da ekonomikurdanaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos aRmosavleT saqarTvelos regionuliganyofilebis TanamSromlebma qrTamis micemis waqezebaSi amxiles Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sisxlis samarTlis samZebros mTavari sammarTvelos inspeqtori,policiis leitenanti l. qarauli, romelmac Aazerbaijanis respublikisaRstafis raionSi mcxovreb s. kasimovasagan miiRo 2 300 aSS dolari, TiTqostransportis prokuraturis TanamSromlebisTvis gadasacemad, raTa isinidaxmarebodnen saqarTveloSi ganubaJeblad Semotanili 65 000 laris Rirebulebissaqonlis dabrunebaSi.amis gamo l. qarauli daiTxoves Sinagan saqmeTa organoebidan, mis mimarTsaqarTvelos transportis prokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme#170310, ssk 24-e da 239-e muxlebis me-2 nawilebiT.garda zemoCamoTvlili danaSaulebisa, gamovlinda policiis TanamSromlismier samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis gadametebis faqtic.31 ianvars siRnaRis prokuraturidan Semovida werili, rom 2000 wlis 17 TebervalssiRnaRis raionis Sinagan saqmeTa ganyofilebis sapasporto-savizo da mosaxleobisregistraciis samsaxuris inspeqtorma, policiis kapitanma n. bolRaSvilma amavesamsaxuris yofil umcros inspeqtors, policiis serJant n. xatiaSvils gadascamasze ganpirobebuli beWedi da piradobis mowmobis blankebi, riTac amukanasknelma isargebla da gasca yalbi piradobis mowmoba. am faqtze siRnaRisprokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme.113

2003 wels gamovlinda policiis TanamSromlebis mier tvirTebis ukanonogacilebis faqtebic.rac Seexeba danaSaulis damalvas, 2003 wels gamovlinda 34 aseTi samarTaldarRveva,rac 10 erTeuliT naklebia 2002 wlis analogiur monacemebze.2003 wels Sinagan saqmeTa generaluri inspeqciis mier gamovlenili korufciulidanaSaulis statistika aseTia:vis mimarT CatardasamsaxurebriviSemowmebamokleSinaarsiDgatarebuliRonisZiebebi SeniSvna1gldani-naZaladevisSinagan saqmeTasammarTvelosTanamSromelTamimarTdamalulidanaSaulisastikisayveduri –3saqarTvelosprokuraturaSigldani-naZaladevis SssammarTvelosTanamSromelTa mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#7403837, ssk 322-e da333-e muxlis pirvelinawilebiT2Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sisxlissamarTlis samZebrosmTavarisammarTvelosinspeqtoris,policiis leitenantl. qaraulis mimarTqrTamismicemiswaqezebadaTxovna –1Tbilisis regionultransportisprokuraturaSil. qaraulis mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#170310, ssk 24-emuxlis me-2 nawiliTda 339-e muxlis me-2nawiliT3Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sisxlissamarTlis samZebrosmTavarisammarTvelosTanamSromelTamimarTavejisukanonoCamorTmevamTawminda-krwanisisprokuraturaSipoliciis muSakTajgufis mier sxvisimoZravi nivTis didiodenobiTmisakuTrebisTvisaRiZra sss #0603834,ssk 178-e muxlis me-2nawiliT da 333-emuxlis me-3 nawiliT4mTawminda-krwanisisSs sammarTvelosTanamSromelTamimarTdanaSaulisdamalvasaqarTvelosprokuraturaSikrwanisis SssammarTvelosTanamSromelTa mimarTaRZruli iqna sss#7403882, ssk 332-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT114

vis mimarTCatardasamsaxurebriviSemowmebamokle SinaarsiDgatarebuliRonisZiebebiSeniSvna5gldaninaZaladevisSssammarTvelospirveliganyofilebisTanamSromelTamimarTdanaSaulis damalvasaqarTvelosprokuraturaSigldani-naZaladevisSs sammarTvelosganyofilebissisxlis samarTlissamZebroganyofilebisinspeqtoris,a. WumburiZis mimarTaRiZra sss #7403872,ssk 332-e muxlispirveli nawiliT6Ss organoebisTanamSromelTamimarTmoqalaqed. mezvriSvilisaTvisaSS-Si gamgzavrebissanacvlod 9500 aSSdolaris gamoZalvaTbilisisprokuraturaSimasalebze aRZruliiqna sss #10038297Tbilisissagzao policiissammarTvelosTanamSromelTamimarTgamoZalvaTbilisisprokuraturaSiaRZruli iqna sss#1003846, ssk 338 -emuxliT8satransportopoliciisTanamSromlebispoliciisleitenanta. lagraZisa dapoliciis Semdegg. jafariZismimarTgamoZalvasastikisayveduri- 2saqarTvelostransportisprokuraturaSia. lagraZisa dag. jafariZis mimarTaRirda sss, ssk 147-e,181-e da 333-emuxlebiT9Sss sapasportosavizodamosaxleobisregistraciiserovnulibiurosa davanis SsraiganyofilebissapasportosTanamSromelTamimarTyalbi pasportebisaqarTvelosprokuraturaSi vanisSinagan saqmeTaraiganyofilebissapasportosTanamSromelTamimarT Cadenilisiyalbis faqtzeaRZruli iqna sss#7403916, ssk 341-e,362-e, 344-e muxlebiT10siRnaRis SinagansaqmeTaraiganyofilebissapasportoqveganyofilebisinspeqtoris,policiiskapitann. boRlaSvilismimarTyalbi piradobismowmobis gacemasiRnaRisprokuraturaSin. boRlaSvilismimarT aRiZra sss#3403807, ssk 332-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT115

vis mimarT CatardasamsaxurebriviSemowmebamokle SinaarsiDgatarebuliRonisZiebebiSeniSvna11vake-saburTalosSinagan saqmeTasammarTvelos me-5ganyofilebissisxlis samarTlissamZebrosqveganyofilebisufrosis, policiiskapitnis,g. gelaSvilismimarTgamoZalva daTxovna – 1TbilisisprokuraturaSiaRZruli iqna sss#2503823, risSemdegacgelaSvilswaredgina bralissk 143-e muxlisme-2 nawiliT, 182-emuxlis me-2nawiliT, 181-emuxlis me-2nawiliT da 239-emuxlis me-3nawiliT12gurjaanis SinagansaqmeTaraiganyofilebissisxlis samarTlissamZebrosqveganyofilebisinspeqtoris,b. winwalaSvilismimarTsamsaxurebriviuflebamosilebisborotadgamoyenebasaqarTvelosprokuraturaSib. winwalaSvilismimarT aRiZra sss#7403854, ssk 333-emuxlis pirvelinawiliT, romelicSewyvetili iqnakaxeTisprokuraturaSi13vake-saburTalosSinagan saqmeTasammarTvelospirveliganyofilebissisxlis samarTlissamZebrosqveganyofilebisinspeqtoris,policiis ufrosileitenantis m.rexviaSvilismimarTdanaSaulisdamalvadaTxovna – 1vake-saburTalosprokuraturaSim. rexviaSvilismimarT aRZruliiqna sss #0703853,ssk 333-e muxlisme-3 nawiliT.xSiri iyo, roca generaluri inspeqciis xelmZRvaneloba ama Tu im policielsmfarvelobda da isic e.w. “stavkis” gadaxdis saSualebiT Tavisuflad agrZelebdadanaSaulebriv saqmianobas.unda aRiniSnos, rom Sinagan saqmeTa organoebSi arsebuli korufcia, upirvelesyovlisa, qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri pirobebiTaa gamowveuli. amas ematebaisic, rom xSirad Tavad moqalaqeebis iniciativiT xdeba korufciuli garigeba.rogorc cnobilia, korufciuli danaSaulis gamovlena arasrulyofilisakanonmdeblo bazisa da sxva mizezebis gamo metad garTulebulia, miT ufromaSin, roca orive mxare nebayoflobiT midis korufciul garigebaze.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sxvadasxva danayofebSi iyeneben sxvadasxvakorufciul xerxebs. am gziT mopovebuli Semosavali piramiduli sqemiT116

nawildeba mTel struqturaSi.Aaqve unda iTqvas, rom arsebobs garkveulidanayofebi, sadac moqalaqeebis xelSewyobiT, maTi neba-surviliT xdebakorufciuli garigebebi, xolo rig danayofebSi mimarTaven moqalaqeTa daSinebasda moqalaqeTaTvis fulis gamoZalvas.zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, naTlad Cans, Tu ra mdgomareoba iyo da ariskorufciis mxriv Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi da is, rom am struqturis arsebobaagebuli iyo korufciasa da ukanono Semosavlebze.korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis meTodebi AaSS-issamarTaldamcav organoebSiamerikis SeerTebuli Statebis samarTaldamcav organoebSi korufciis Semcirebasada profilaqtikaze mTeli rigi institutebi muSaobs.korufciasTan brZola aSS-is samarTaldacviT sistemaSi saqarTvelosTanSedarebiT efeqturad warmoebs, Tumca molenisa da knapis komisiebis, agreTvegamoZiebis federaluri biuros mier Catarebuli samsaxurebrivi SemowmebebiTgamovlinda seriozuli darRvevebi da gairkva, rom am sferoSi korufciisSesaZlebloba sakmaod maRalia. amas mowmobs statistikuri monacemebic: 1994wels federalur cixeebsa da sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi imyofeboda107 policieli, 1998 wels maTi ricxvi 548-mde gaizarda 23 .molenis komisia Seiqmna 1992 wels da igi miznad isaxavda niu-iorkis policiisdepartamentSi arsebuli korufciis masStabis, bunebis mizezebis gamovlenas daaRniSnuli departamentis korufciasTan brZolis mzadyofnis Sefasebas.ocdaorTviani muSaobis Semdeg komisiam gamoavlina korufciis Semdegi mizezebi:• korufciis xelSemwyobi pirobebis arseboba;• policielTa loialuri damokidebuleba korufciis mimarT;• korumpirebuli policielebis mxilebis SiSi patiosani policielebis mxridan;• inspeqtorebis gulgriloba. maT korufciis gaxmaurebis ufro eSinodaT, vidreTviT korufciis;• xelmZRvanelobis upasuxismgebloba maTdami daqvemdebarebul qvedanayofebSiarsebul korufciaze;• sazogadoebisa da policiis urTierTdamokidebuleba principiT _ “Cven” da“isini”.molenis komisiis mier gamovlinda uamravi darRveva. Nniu-iorkis policiisTanamSromlebi orderis gareSe awarmoebdnen moqalaqeTa saubrebis mosmenas,Cxrekasa da nivTmtkicebis amoRebas, qurdobdnen, yaCaRobdnen, muSaobdnennarkokurierebad, mfarvelobdnen narkomovaWreebs, moixmardnen narkotikebs daiZleodnen cru Cvenebebs.aSS-Si korufciis bunebisa da mizezebis ukeT gasagebad gamoyofen sam ZiriTadTeorias: ganwyobis Teorias, cdunebis Teorias da struqturul Teorias.ganwyobis Teoria efuZneba koncefcias, romlis Tanaxmad korufcia fexs ikidebs“dampali vaSlebis” meSveobiT. igulisxmeba zneobrivad Seusabamo policiis23Major Case Management Participant Guide. Lesson # 7-2. 2002 (FBI/DSS).117

TanamSromlebi, romlebic amis niSnebs avlendnen samsaxurSi misvlamde da Secdomaiqna daSvebuli maTi SerCevisa da Seswavlis procesSi. samarTaldamcavi organoebisbevri xelmZRvaneli swored am Teorias eyrdnoba korufciis masStabisSesamcireblad, anu “kalaTidan agdebs dampal vaSls”. Tumca es Teoria ufrokorufciis individualuri gamovlinebis an korumpirebuli mcire jgufisuvnebelsayofad aris efeqturi da ver abaTilebs sistemuri korufciis problemebs.(am TeoriiTve SeiZleba aixsnas mravali faqti, rasac adgili hqonda da,samwuxarod, momavalSic eqneba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi.vinaidan ar arsebobs da Tu arsebobs, uxeSad irRveva samsaxurSi miRebisprincipebi. xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobebze iniSnebian pirebi, romlebsac argauvliaT specialuri Semowmeba da ar moipoveba sruli informacia maTi winasaqmianobis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom Sinagan saqmeTa ministris erT-erTimoadgilis piradi saqme, romelic Tveebis manZilze muSaobda am sapasuxismgebloTanamdebobaze, saerTod Seuvsebelia).cdunebis Teoria gamomdinareobs principidan – policieli Cveulebrivi mokvdavia,romelic xSirad cdunebis winaSe dgas. bevri samarTaldamrRvevi cdilobs,moisyidos policieli. Tumca es Teoriac ar aris srulyofili da ZiriTadadcalkeuli SemTxvevebis motivacias ganmartavs.(msgavsi cdunebis SesaZleblobebi xSiria saqarTvelos Ss saministrosiseT qvedanayofebSi, romelTac xSirad uxdebaT moqalaqeebTan quCaSiurTierToba).struqturuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, samarTaldamcavi organoebis sxvadasxvaqvedanayofebSi, maTi specifikidan gamomdinare, yalibdeba gansxvavebuli kulturis,interesebisa da stereotipebis mqone jgufebi, rac xels uwyobs samoqalaqosazogadoebisa da policiis gaucxoebas da policiaSi “dumilis kodeqsis”Camoyalibebas. korumpirebul qvedanayofSi moxvedrili axalbeda TanamSromeliyalibdeba korumpirebul policielad, “dumilis kodeqsi” ki xels uwyobskorufciis usafrTxoebas da mis gavrcelebas.(saqarTveloSic, struqturuli korufciis gamo, axalbeda TanamSromlebi, romelTanawils, SesaZloa, arc hqonda midrekileba danaSaulisaken, eqceva mankier garemoSida uneblieT xdeba damkvidrebuli negatiuri tradiciis mimdevari).CamovTvliT im faqtorebs, romlebic iwvevs korufcias aSS-is samarTaldamcavorganoebSi 24 :• policielTa gulgriloba;• damatebiTi Semosavlis miRebis SesaZlebloba;• xarvezebi SerCevisa da momzadebis procesSi;• politikuri dakveTa;• loialuri damokidebuleba sazogadoebis mxridan;• xelmZRvanelis mier mis qvedanayofSi arsebuli korufciis uaryofa;• policiis sazogadoebisagan izolireba;• samarTaldamcavi organoebis SeuzRudavi moqmedeba;• dabali anazRaureba da kompensacia;24Major Case Management Participant Guide. Lesson # 7-2. 2002 (FBI/DSS).118

• xelmZRvaneli pirebis korumpirebuloba;• saxelmwifo samsaxuris, profkavSirebis saqmianobis maregulirebeli daSromiTi kanonmdeblobis xarvezebi.korufciis zemoaRniSnuli mizezebis gaTvaliswinebiT, amerikeli kolegebismier SemuSavebulia Semdegi rekomendaciebi 25 :• samsaxurSi mxolod myari moraluri Tvisebebis mqone moqalaqeebis miReba;• axalbeda TanamSromlebSi saTanado qcevis wesebisa da pasuxismgeblobisgrZnobis Camoyalibeba;• xelmZRvaneli da veterani TanamSromlebis saTanado momzadeba da gadamzadeba;• xelmZRvanelebis mier yuradRebis gamaxvileba eTikis dacvaze;• gancxadebebis swrafi da obieqturi ganxilva;• sakonsultacio daxmarebis sistemis Seqmna;• organizaciis patiosnebaze aqcentireba;• patiosnebis mastimulirebeli moraluri klimatis Seqmna.aSS-is samarTaldamcav organoebSi ganasxvaveben agreTve korufciis or tips:aqtiurs da pasiurs 26 .aqtiuri korufcia gulisxmobs e.w. agresiul korufcias, anu gamoZalvas. amtipis policieli Tavad eZebs situaciebs, romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZlebamaterialuri Tu sxva saxis sargeblis misaRebad.magaliTisaTvis gamodgeba 1997-1998 wlebSi los-anJelesis rampartis ganyofileba“qraS”-is mier Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi. kerZod, am qvedanayofisTanamSromlebma gaZarcves banki; specialuri saknidan moipares sami kilogramikokaini; sistematurad scemdnen da awamebdnen dakavebulebs; iyenebdnencecxlsasrol iaraRs uiaraRo eWvmitanilebis winaaRmdeg; ayalbebdnenmtkicebulebebs da iZleodnen cru Cvenebebs, ris gamoc gisosebs miRma aRmoCndamravali udanaSaulo adamiani.“qraS”-is ToTxmeti korumpirebuli TanamSromlis saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebisSedegad dadginda:• Tormeti maTgani iyo mamakaci;• Sedgeboda oTxi rasobrivi jgufis warmomadgenlebisgan;• ganaTlebis done meryeobda saSualodan umaRlesamde;• eqvs policiels namsaxurevi hqonda jarSi;• oTxi maTganis biografiaSi iyo iseTi epizodebi, romelTa safuZvelzec isiniar unda mieRoT policiaSi:• erT-erTi policieli srulwlovan asakSi dapatimrebuli iyo qurdobisTvis;• erT-erTi oficeri ojaxuri konfliqtebis dros mudmivad scemda sakuTarcols (eqvsjer aRniSnuli faqti dokumenturad iyo dadasturebuli);25Major Case Management Participant Guide. Lesson # 7-2. 2002 (FBI/DSS).26iqve.119

• erT-erTi policieli samsaxurSi miRebamde samgzis iyo dakavebuli, maTSoris qurdobisa da avtomanqanis arafxizel mdgomareobaSi marTvisaTvis;• erT-erTi oficeri axalgazrdobaSi marixuanaTi vaWrobda.pasiuri korufcia. Aamgvar korufciaSi monawile policielebi sjerdebianukanono Semosavlebis im odenobas, rasac maT sTavazoben. pasiuri korufciasamarTaldamcav organoebSi arsebuli korufciis mniSvnelovan procents Seadgens,magram igi, rogorc wesi, naklebad saxifaToa agresiul korufciasTan SedarebiT.pasiuri korufciis magaliTebs warmoadgens Semdegi faqtebi: mZRoli policielssTavazobs qrTams oficialurad dajarimebis sanacvlod; meZavi sTavazobs sakuTarmomsaxurebas dakavebis sanacvlod da sxva msgavsi ukanono garigebebi.korufcia problemebs uqmnis iseT msxvil da avtoritetul samarTaldamcavorganoebs, rogoricaa gamoZiebis federaluri biuro. yovelwliurad gfb-s 10-15 TanamSromeli sCadis kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebas, romelic xdeba maTisamsaxuridan daTxovnis anda dapatimrebis safuZveli 27 .gfb-Si gavrcelebuli midgomis Tanaxmad, korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis mizezadmiCneulia “akrazia” (berZn. “nebisyofis sisuste”). aSS-is im policiis oficerTabiografiebi da piradi saqmeebi, romlebmac SemdgomSi korufciulisamarTaldarRvevebi Caidines, adasturebs, rom maTi umravlesoba samsaxurSimiRebisas ar xasiaTdeboda uaryofiTad. sinamdvileSi maT mudmivad hqondaTstresuli mdgomareoba, ris Sedegadac xasiaTis sisusteebma iCina Tavi da maTver SeZles, SeenarCunebinaT ficisadmi erTguleba.aRsaniSnavia agreTve e.w. miznobrivi gradaciis fenomeni. es aris ukve damtkicebulifsiqologiuri mdgomareoba. fsiqologiurma gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom adamianebisawyis etapze aqtiurad miiswrafian davalebis Sesrulebisaken, Sua periodSi TavsiCens unebisyofoba da apaTia, rasac dasasrulisken kvlav mosdevs aqtivoba. sworedes fenomeni axdens gavlenas policielTa saqmianobaze maTi samsaxurebrivi winsvlisdros. karieris sawyis etapze policiis TanamSromlebi avlenen gansakuTrebulaqtivobas da enTuziazms. igive SeimCneva karieris dasrulebisas, policieliacnobierebs, rom male pensiaze uwevs gasvla da misi dakargvis Tavidan asacilebladmaqsimalurad obieqturad ekideba saqmes. rac Seexeba karieris Sua periods, es arisyvelaze rTuli periodi policielisaTvis. am dros misi enTuziazmi amowuruliada mis winaSe mdgari amocanebis kanonis Sesabamisad Sesruleba gaZnelebulia.amerikeli mkvlevrebi policielis karieras maraTonul garbens adareben, romlisdrosac yvelaze rTuli meocedan ocdameaTe kilometramde distanciis dafarvaa.miznobrivi gradaciis fenomenis dasaZlevad Semdegi rekomendaciebi gamoiyeneba: 1)moklevadiani miznebis dasaxva; 2) saqmianobis mravalmxrivad warmarTva.rekomendaciebi antikorufciuli RonisZiebebis Taobazekorufciis SezRudvisaTvis gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis xasiaTi da intensivobadamokidebulia imaze, Tu ra strategias irCevs xelisufleba _ igi gamoiyenebsmxolod administraciul resurssa da represiul aparats, izrunebs mxolodkanonmdeblobis daxvewaze, socialuri mdgomareobis gamosworebaze Tu yoveliveaRniSnuls kompleqsurad gadaWris.ganviTarebis am etapze ar SeiZleba saqarTvelom brmad gadmoiRos korufciasTanbrZolis is modelebi, rac arsebobs ganviTarebul kapitalistur qveynebSi.27Major Case Management Participant Guide. Lesson # 7-2. 2002 (FBI/DSS).120

ganviTarebul qveynebSi korufcias obieqturi safuZveli naklebad aqvs: maRaliTanamdebobis pirebi maRali xelfasiT arian uzrunvelyofilni; maT, rogorcwesi, ukve aqvT winaprebis mier dagrovili kapitali, romelic maTi Rirseuliarsebobis garantiaa; am qveynebSi arsebobs Zlieri saxelmwifo institutebi,romlebic icavs rigiTi moqalaqis uflebebs. Aamis miuxedavad, me-20 saukunismiwuruls araerTi faqti dafiqsirda, roca korufciaSi amxiles da amis gamoTanamdebobidan gadaayenes, magaliTad, evrokavSiris mTavroba, iaponiis premierministrida a.S. ganviTarebul qveynebSi korufciis SezRudvisTvis, rogorcwesi, administraciul meTodebs iyeneben, rac, zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT,savsebiT gamarTlebuli da gasagebia 28 .saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, im dros, roca qveynis socialur-ekonomikurimdgomareoba aradamakmayofilebelia, saxelmwifo moxeleTa xelfasi ki Zalzedabali, ar arsebobs adekvaturi sakanonmdeblo baza da profesionalebiTdakompleqtebuli samsaxurebi, mxolod administraciuli meTodebis gamoyenebanaklebad efeqturia da, SesaZloa, negatiuri Sedegebic gamoiwvios. kerZod,ukanonod SeZenili da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmeva sakanonmdeblo vakuumispirobebSi da, miT umetes, amis sajarod reklamireba samomavlod gamoiwvevsarakeTilsindisieri saxelmwifo moxeleebis (amis srulad Tavidan acilebamomavalSic SeuZlebelia) mier ukanonod dagrovili kapitalis sazRvargareTgadinebas.2003 wlis dekemberSi sainformacio saSualebebiT gaSuqda erT-erTi Cinovnikismier qrTamis aRebis faqti, razedac maSindelma iusticiis ministrmac gaakeTakomentari. saqme Seexeboda moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis samsaxurisTanamSromlis mier qorwinebis registraciisaTvis aucilebeli gancxadebisvadamdel ganxilvas da amis sanacvlod moqalaqisagan qrTamis aRebas. esTanamSromeli samsaxuridan daiTxoves. am SemTxvevaSi adgili hqonda mxolodadministraciuli meTodis gamoyenebas. saqme ufro martivad mogvardeba, TuSeicvleba Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba. dRevandeli saqarTvelos samoqalaqokodeqsis Tanaxmad: “daqorwineba formdeba erTi Tvis vadis gasvlis Semdeg imdRidan, roca daqorwinebis msurvelni gancxadebas Seitanen moqalaqeobrivimdgomareobis registraciis organoSi. gancxadeba ZalaSia erTTviani vadisgasvlidan ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi” 29 . “calkeul SemTxvevebSi, pativsadebi mizezisarsebobisas, erTTviani vada SeiZleba Semcirdes moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobisregistraciis organos mier” 30 . “Tu arsebobs gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi,rogoricaa bavSvis dabadeba, erT-erTi mxaris sicocxlisaTvis realuri safrTxeda sxva msgavsi garemoebebi, qorwinebis registracia SeiZleba moxdes gancxadebisSetanis dResve” 31 .sanam saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi iarsebebs msgavsi normebi da im Cinovnikebisxelfasebi, romlebic am normebiT xelmZRvaneloben 40-80 laria, manamdexelisuflebis mier mxolod administraciuli meTodebis gamoyenebakorufciasTan sabrZolvelad naklebefeqturi iqneba.aucilebelia kvalificiuri iuristebis mier saqarTvelos moqmedi yvela kanonisada kanonqvemdebare aqtis srulyofili analizi. amasTan, unda moxdes sajaromosamsaxureTa raodenobis optimizacia da xelfasis TandaTanobiTi da aranaxtomisebri zrda, yovelive amis Semdeg ki administraciul-represiuliberketebis srulad amoqmedeba.28v.papava “postkomunisturi kapitalizmis politikuri ekonomia da saqarTvelos ekonomika”, Tb.,2002, gv. .212-213.29saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, 1110-e muxlis pirveli punqti.30iqve, 1110-e muxlis me-2 punqti.31iqve, 1110-e muxlis me-3 punqti.121

zogierTi eqspertis azriT, aucilebelia damoukidebeli, mokvlevisa da winaswarigamoZiebis funqciebis mqone samarTaldamcavi, makontrolebeli, antikorufciuliorganos Seqmna. Tumca sakiTxze msjelobisas umjobesia, gaviTvaliswinoT sxvaqveynebis gamocdileba, ar davemsgavsoT kenias, sadac amgvari antikorufciuli,xelisuflebisa da erTmaneTis makontrolebeli zedized 6 samsaxuri Seiqmna.antikorufciuli samsaxuri unda arsebobdes, magram misi ZiriTadi funqciaunda iyos sainformacio-analitikuri muSaoba da xelisuflebisTvisrekomendaciebis gaweva.saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi arsebuli situaciis gamosworebis,korufciis masStabis Sesamcireblad udidesi samuSaoa Casatarebeli ara martoSs saministros struqturuli reorganizaciis TvalsazrisiT, aramed sakadropolitikis mxrivac, raTa Tavidanve SeirCes kvalificiuri kadrebi.upirveles yovlisa, mizanSewonilia, Semcirdes Sinagan saqmeTa sistemaSixelovnurad gazrdili piradi Semadgenloba _ darCnen mxolod profesionalebiim raodenobiT, rac realurad saWiroa qveynisaTvis. piradi Semadgenlobisoptimizacia unda iTvaliswinebdes kompleqsur Semowmebas: unda moxdes policiisTanamSromelTa codnis, gamocdilebisa da moraluri Tvisebebis Sefaseba.amisaTvis aucilebelia, zustad ganisazRvros Sefasebis kriteriumebi.am mimarTulebiT mizanSewonilia Ss saministros mTeli amJamindeli piradiSemadgenlobisa da misaRebi kandidatebis Semowmeba poligrafis (“sicruisdeteqtoris”) meSveobiT. Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis moqmed TanamSromelTaTvisSedges testebi. testireba unda iyos sami saxis. pirveli: policiis yvelaTanamSromelma unda gaiaros narkologiuri Semowmeba, unda moxdes maTi fizikurimonacemebisa da janmrTelobis Sefaseba. es gamoricxavs policiis rigebSinarkotikuli, toqsikuri da sxva msgavsi saSualebebis momxmarebelTa miRebas.zemoaRniSnuli testis paralelurad unda moxdes Sinagan saqmeTa sistemisTanamSromlebis Teoriuli da praqtikuli codnisa da piradi monacemebisSemowmeba. kiTxvarebi unda Sedges imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu romel ubanze mouwevssamsaxuri ama Tu im pirs. es mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac obieqturiSefasebis pirobebSi, policiis TanamSromeli SesaZlebelia gadaiyvanon sxvasamuSaoze, sadac misi saqmianoba ufro efeqturi iqneba. amave monacemebiTSesaZlebelia policielis dawinaureba an daqveiTeba. am saxis testirebagamoamJRavnebs Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis TanamSromelTa profesiul potencialsda xels Seuwyobs am sistemaSi swori sakadro politikis warmarTvas.mesame saxis testi, romelic sasurvelia, gaiaron policiis TanamSromlebma,fsiqologiuria, romelic gamoaaSkaravebs policiis TanamSromlis korufciisadmimidrekilebas. dResdReobiT, qveyanaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg mimdinare masStaburibrZolis fonze aucilebelia Semowmdes, ramdenad imoqmeda Sinagan saqmeTasaministros TanamSromelTa xelfasebis etapobrivma zrdam da socialurimdgomareobis met-naklebad gamosworebam. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Sinagan saqmeTaorganoebis TanamSromelTa umravlesobisTvis korufcia warmoadgenda saarsebosaSualebas, unda moxdes srulyofili fsiqologiuri Semowmeba, romelic daadgens,ramdenad Seicvala konkretuli piris damokidebuleba profesiuli eTikisadmi.yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xsenebuli kiTxvarebi unda momzaddessazRvargareTis qveynebis gamocdilebiTa da daxmarebiT. qarTvel specialistebTanerTad mowveuli unda iqnen ucxoeli eqspertebi. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, romam SemTxvevaSi ufro gamyardeba kontrolis meqanizmebi da policielis SefasebaaRar iqneba damokidebuli konkretul pirebze, rac maqsimalurad SeamcirebskorumpirebulTa ricxvs.122

unda dawesdes realuri saparlamento kontroli Sinagan saqmeTa saministrossaqmianobaze, gansakuTrebiT es exeba adamianis uflebebis SemzRudveli farulioperatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebis gamoyenebas (satelefono mosmenebi,korespondenciis Semowmeba, vizualuri kontroli) da sabiujeto saxsrebisxarjvis procesze.rac Seexeba Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da Sinagan saqmeTa organoebisstruqturul reformirebas, es erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabijia aRniSnulsistemaSi antikorufciuli saqmianobis gaaqtiurebisa. amJamad Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sistemaSi arsebobs uamravi danayofi, romelic aRWurvilia erTida imave funqciebiT da erTmaneTisagan mxolod saxelwodebiT gansxvavdeba, anuadgili aqvs dublirebas. aqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia mxolod erTisamsaxuris datoveba.xelovnurad aris gazrdili kadrebi Ss saministros sxvadasxva qvedanayofebSi.xSirad ockacian sammarTveloSi realurad muSaobs sami-oTxi TanamSromeli,xolo sxvebis saqmianoba mxolod samsaxurSi gamocxadebiT Semoifargleba. arada,orive kategoria Tanabar xelfass iRebs.ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos 2004 wlis aprilidan saxelfaso danamatebisgadanawilebisas daSvebuli Secdomebi. Ss saministros xelmZRvanelobisgadawyvetilebiT, departamentebis, mTavari sammarTveloebisa dasammarTveloebisaTvis specialuri saxelmwifo fondidan gamoiyo saxelfasodanamatebi, romelTa gankargvisa da TanamSromlebze gadanawilebis uflebamieniWaT aRniSnuli struqturuli qvedanayofebis xelmZRvanelebs. xelmZRvanelipirebisTvis fiqsirebuli Tanxebi calke gamoiyo. ase rom, xelmZRvanelis piradnebaze iyo damokidebuli saxelfaso danamatebis ganawileba. umravles danayofSies xdeboda piradi nacnobobisa da erTgulebis principiT. Tanxis ganawilebisSedegad, TanamSromelTa mxolod mcire nawils ergo saxelfaso danamati. zogierTdepartamentSi Tanxebi ganawilda Tanabrad, anu ganyofilebis ufross da rigiTinspeqtors erTnairi Tanxa ergoT. dauSvebelia am praqtikis SenarCuneba.mizanSewonilia, gamoices ministris Sesabamisi brZaneba, romelSic detaluradgaiwereba saxelfaso danamatebi. calke ganxilvis sagania is faqti, Tu ratomkurirebda am process sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ Sss-s reformirebissaagento (gauqmda 2004 wlis ivnisSi).saxelmwifom unda izrunos daTxovnili TanamSromlebis socialuri uflebebisdacvaze, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli socialuri daZabuloba. migraciissaerTaSoriso organizaciam SeimuSava proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebssaqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa, Tavdacvisa da iusticiis saministroebidan 4000daTxovnili TanamSromlis reintegracias samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi. programiTgaTvaliswinebulia Ss saministros 2 500 yofili TanamSromlis swavleba, maTTvistreningebis Catareba da Semdgomi dasaqmeba.Sinagan saqmeTa saministros decentralizaciis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:es procesi gardauvalia, amasTan, mizanSewonilia ramdenime specifikuri samsaxurisuSualod Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTvis daqvemdebareba. esenia: 1) kadrebisada pirad SemadgenlobasTan muSaobis mTavari sammarTvelo da misi teritoriulidanayofebi, radgan es uzrunvelyofs erTiani sakadro politikis gatarebas darotaciis procesis saTanadod marTvas; 2) reformiT gaTvaliswinebuligaerTianebuli (mokvlevis da gamoZiebis gaerTianebis Sedegad) kriminaluripoliciis qvedanayofi, vinaidan mokvleva da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisprocesi saWiroebs Zlier kontrols, raTa ar moxdes adgilobrivi Cinovnikebismxridan gamoZiebaze zewola, agreTve Tavidan iqnas acilebuli antinarkotikulida sxva samsaxurebis mier amoRebuli nivTieri mtkicebulebebis ukontroloba123

(anu am qvedanayofSi Zlieri vertikali yvelaze metadaa saWiro. teritoriulisagamoZiebo samsaxurebi Sss qvedanayofebis erTaderTi saxeobaa, romelic dResaccentralizirebulia da uSualod eqvemdebareba Sss-s sagamoZiebo departaments);3) Sss-s iuridiuli sammarTvelo, raTa droulad moxdes axali kanonebisa danormatiuli aqtebis adgilobriv organoebamde mitana da maTi saqmianobissaqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasTan Sesabamisoba.mizanSewonilia, moxdes Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da misi struqturulierTeulebis debulebebis, ministris brZanebebis, miTiTebebis gadasinjva da maTimoqmed kanonmdeblobasTan misadageba. Sesatania cvlilebebi saqarTvelos kanonSi“policiis Sesaxeb” da sxva kanonebsa da kanonqvemdebare aqtebSi.aucilebelia kadrebisa da pirad SemadgenlobasTan muSaobis mTavarsammarTveloSi yvela TanamSromlis piradi saqmis gadamowmeba, vinaidan xSiriayalbi dokumentebis (diplomi, samxedro bileTi da sxv.) gamoyeneba. unda Semowmdesis dokumenti mainc, romelsac saqarTvelos gerbi da nomriani beWedi aqvs.yovelive zemoaRniSnulTan erTad xazgasasmelia is cvlilebebic, rac boloperiodSi gatarda Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi.uaryofiTi Sedegebi ganapiroba: Tanamdebobis pirTa daudevrobam, udisciplinobam,gamoucdelobam da upasuxismgeblobam. uaryofiTi Sedegebi gamoixateba SemdgomSi:Semcirebis procesSi daSvebulia mravali darRveva, kerZod, racionalurad armoxda kadrebis optimizacia da xSir SemTxvevaSi zogierT danayofSi, sadacsaWiro iyo kadrebis Semcireba, korufciisa Tu piradi nacnobobis safuZvelze,es ar ganxorcielda, amasTan, moxda im danayofebis zedmetad Semcireba, romlebicTavisi yoveldRiuri saqmianobidan gamomdinare, kadrebis damatebasac kisaWiroebdnen;Uunda aRiniSnos, rom kvlav grZeldeba Tanamdebobebze megobrulida naTesauri principiT daniSvna. rac mTavaria, xSirad aseT sapasuxismgebloTanamdebobebze iniSnebian arakvalificiuri da gamoucdeli pirebi; aRsaniSnavia,rom bolo periodSi ar tardeba kolegiis sxdomebi da operatiuli TaTbirebi,rac Zalze mniSvnelovania centraluri aparatisa da Sinagan saqmeTa organoebiskoordinirebisa da kontrolisaTvis.pozitiur cvlilebebad SeiZleba miviCnioT Semdegi: Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosakademiis reformireba, romlis drosac TiTqmis mTlianad Seicvala saswavloprocesi, moxda swavlebis vadis Semcireba da male daiwyeba kvalificiurisapolicio kadrebis momzadeba; korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis mxriv, erT-erTwingadadgmul nabijad aucileblad unda CaiTvalos policiisTanamSromelTaTvis xelfasis momateba; miuxedavad arsebuli darRvevebisa, udavodswori gadawyvetileba iyo policiis piradi Semadgenlobis optimizacia daxelovnurad gazrdili Statebis Semcireba; miuxedavad problemebisa, warmatebuladSeiZleba CaiTvalos sapatrulo policiis Seqmna.sabolood, aRvniSnavT, rom miuxedavad arsebuli sirTuleebisa da daSvebuliSecdomebisa, sazogadoeba pozitiurad afasebs dawyebul reformas, xdebapoliciisadmi sazogadoebis ndobis TandaTanobiT aRdgena. Tumca imisaTvis,rom qarTuli policia miuaxlovdes saerTaSoriso standartebs da Semcirdeskorufciis masStabi, kvlav saWiroa didi Zalisxmeva.124

gamoyenebuli literatura:1. klitgaarti r., “korufciis kontroli”, Tbilisi, 2002.2. papava v., “postkomunisturi kapitalizmis politikuri ekonomia da saqarTvelosekonomika”, Tbilisi, 2002.3. saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tbilisi, 2004.4. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, Tbilisi, 2004.5. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, Tbilisi, 2004.6. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, Tbilisi, 2004.7. Sss-s brZanebebi da debulebebi.8. Major Case Management Participant Guide, 2002 (FBI/DSS).125

konstantine mWedliSvilikorufcia saqarTvelos sagzaopoliciaSi da masTan brZolisRonisZiebebi1. naSromis miznebi da amocanebi1.1.Sesavali1993 wlidan moyolebuli, korufciam saqarTveloSi arnaxul masStabs miaRwia.man SeaRwia sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis yvela sferoSi, xelisuflebisyvela rgolSi. ekonomikis umniSvnelovanesi dargebidan korufciis gansakuTrebiTmaRali donea satransporto seqtorSi, uwinaresad es exeba saavtomobilo gzebisdepartaments, romelic pasuxismgebelia avtosatransporto infrastruqturisganviTarebaze. aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi korufciis mxriv gamoirCeva SinagansaqmeTa saministro, romelsac daqvemdebarebuli sagzao policiis mTavarisammarTvelo warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze korumpirebul rgols samarTaldacviTsistemaSi.1.2. saqarTvelos avtosagzao infrastruqturaamJamad saqarTvelos saerTo sargeblobis saavtomobilo gzebis qselis sigrZe21 aTasi km-ia, avtoparki ki 350 aTas erTeuls moicavs. 1991-2001 ww. ekonomikurikrizisis Sedegad, avtoparkis raodenoba orjer Semcirda, sawvav-sapoxi masalebisfasma 2,5-3,5-jer moimata, Sesabamisad, Semcirda moZraobis intensivoba. 1989 welTanSedarebiT, sagzao qselis movla-SenaxvisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxebi 8-9-jerSemcirda da wliurad daaxloebiT 21 mln aSS dolaris ekvivalentia, racsaWiro Tanxis mxolod 6-7%-s Seadgens. es Tanxa ZiriTadad ixarjeba saqarTveloSigamavali evraziuli koridoris avtosatransporto komunikaciaze, romelic SavizRvis portebs _ foTsa da baTums kaspiis zRvis portTan (baqosTan) akavSirebs.saqarTvelos sagzao qselisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mcire radiusiani mosaxvevebida didi grZivi qanobebi, mxedvelobis arasakmao manZili. sagzao safariasfaltbetonisaa, magram bevria amonaborcvi da ormo, sustia gzis zedapirismoWiduloba. gzis mowyoba-gaformebis elementebi, gansakuTrebiT sagzao niSnebida regulirebis teqnikuri saSualebebi arasakmarisi raodenobis da dabalixarisxisaa. avtoparki dakompleqtebulia moZvelebuli, yofil ssrk-Si gamoSvebuliavtomobilebiT, agreTve evropis, amerikisa da iaponiis 12-15 wlis winandelimodelebiT, romlebic ar Seesabameba moZraobis usafrTxoebisa da ekologiisTanamedrove moTxovnebs.126

1.3. moZraobis monawileTa da sagzao policiis muSakTaarasamarTlebrivi qmedebanisaqarTveloSi moZraobis monawileTa mentaliteti did problemebs uqmnismoZraobis usafrTxoebas. isini xSirad arRveven moZraobis wesebs, ar emorCilebiansagzao policias da jarimas qrTamis gadaxdas amjobineben.sagzao policiis TanamSromlebi sargebloben moZraobis monawileTa sagzaomoZraobis wesebisa da administraciuli kodeqsis arcodniT da TavianTmovaleobas saTanadod ar asruleben. xSirad isini Tavad urigdebian wesrigisdamrRvevT da iReben qrTams, nacvlad oficialuri jarimisa. gansakuTrebiTxSiria korufciis faqtebi avtomobilis registraciisa da sagzaozedamxedvelobisas.bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos sagzao policiis oficialuri Semosavali SeadgendadaaxloebiT 3 mln aSS dolaris ekvivalents, Crdilovani Semosavali ki aRwevda30 mln aSS dolars, romlidanac daaxloebiT 30% dabali da saSualo rangisTanamSromlebis xelfasis danamats warmoadgens, danarCeni Tanxa nawildebasagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelosa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministros maRalirangis Cinovnikebze.naSromis mizania korufciis gamomwvevi mizezebis axsna, korufciasTan brZolismeTodebia da iseTi rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, romelic xels SeuwyobsCrdilovani Semosavlebis legalizacias da sagzao policiis muSakTamaterialuri mdgomareobisa da aRWurvilobis gaumjobesebas.2. saqarTvelos sagzao policiis ZiriTadi funqciebi2.1. saqarTvelos sagzao policiis movaleobebisaqarTvelos sagzao policiis movaleobebi da misi muSaobis ZiriTadimimarTulebebi asaxulia saqarTvelos kanonSi „sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebisSesaxeb” 1 , romelic Seesabameba dasavlur standartebs. movaleobaTaganupirvelesia sagzao zedamxedveloba, romelic gulisxmobs moZraobis kontrols,wesrigis dacvas gzebze, sagzao pirobebis gauaresebis mizezTa droulgamovlenas, aRricxvas da informaciis operatiul miwodebas moZraobismonawileebisa da sagzao departamentis, saxmeleTo transportis departamentis,adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisa da sxva dainteresebuliorganizaciebisaTvis.sagzao policia agrovebs informacias gzebze moZraobis intensivobasa dasatransporto nakadebis Semadgenlobaze, realizebul siCqareebze, sagzaosatransportoSemTxvevebze, maTi warmoqmnis mizezebze. am samuSaoTagan yvelazemniSvnelovania miRebuli informaciis analizi, situaciis prognozireba daSedegebis gacnoba Sesabamisi organizaciebisaTvis. agreTve gzebis, quCebisa dasatransporto infrastruqturis yvela elementis _ avtogasamarTi sadgurebis,gaCerebebis, avtosadgurebis da a.S. nebismier cvlilebaTa saproeqto dokumentebisanalizi, kontroli da vizireba.garda zemoaRniSnulisa, saqarTvelos sagzao policias evaleba moZraobisusafrTxo pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad winaswari RonisZiebebis dasaxva da1saqarTvelos kanoni “sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb”, Tbilisi, 1999.127

sagzao SemTxvevebze swrafi reagireba. mis movaleobaSi Sedis agreTveadministraciuli saqmianobis mTeli speqtri _ moZraobis wesebis damrRvevTamimarT represiuli RonisZiebebis gatareba da avtosatransporto saSualebaTateqnikuri mdgomareobis kontroli, am sferoSi moqmedi firmebis licenzirebada maTi zedamxedveloba, marTvis uflebis misaRebi gamocdis organizeba.saqarTvelos sagzao policias evaleba sapatio stumrebis gacileba, is adgenssaxifaTo, aragabarituli da zemZime tvirTebis marSrutebs, uzrunvelyofstransportis usafrTxo da droul gadaadgilebas. misi umniSvnelovanesimovaleobaa ganmartebiTi muSaoba mosaxleobis farTo fenebTan, moZraobis wesebisada sxva sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli aqtebis moTxovnaTa dacvis propaganda.2.2. saqarTvelos sagzao policiis funqciebi, sakadro Semadgenlobada misi anazRaureba, saxelmwifo biujetSi Caricxuli TanxebizemoT CamoTvlili movaleobebis Sesasruleblad aucilebelia specialuriganaTlebis mqone, fizikurad da moralurad mtkice, saTanadod aRWurvili damaterialurad uzrunvelyofili Semadgenloba. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos sagzaopoliciaSi 3000-mde muSaki msaxurobs. aqedan 1800-mde sagzao sapatrulo samsaxurisTanamSromelia, romlis mesamedi, anu 600 kaci, muSaobs saerTaSoriso da saxelmwifodaniSnulebis magistralur gzebze 2 .amJamad umcros meTaurTa yovelTviuri xelfasi saSualod 40 aSS dolarisekvivalentia, oficerTa ki _ 50 aSS dolaris. es maSin, roca erTi adamianissaarsebo minimumi saqarTveloSi TveSi 60 aSS dolars Seadgens.aSkaraa, rom sagzao policiis muSaoba mTlianad emyareboda korufciulSemosavlebs, vinaidan zemoxsenebuli saxelfaso ganakveTebiT SeuZlebelia araTuojaxis, aramed sakuTari Tavis Senaxvac. garda amisa, sagzao policiis muSakebiTavad iZenen uniformas, sawvavsa da avtomobilis saTadarigo nawilebs.2004 wlis dasawyisidan sagzao policiaSi korufciuli Semosavlebi Semcirda.es Sedegia im represiuli RonisZiebebisa, romlebic tardeba korufciaSimxilebulTa mimarT. magram Tu mokle droSi ar gatardeba gadamWreli RonisZiebebi(policiis TanamSromelTa xelfasis mniSvnelovani gazrda, materialurimomaragebis gaumjobeseba, umcros meTaurTa da gansakuTrebiT oficerTa korpusiskvalificiuri, profesiuli kadrebiT dakompleqteba), mosalodnelia korufciismasStabis zrda an sagzao policiis muSaobis paralizeba.bolo wlebSi saxelmwifo biujetSi Caricxulia Semdegi Tanxa:cxrili 2.1Semosavlebi sxvadasxvawyaroebidan, 1000 l.2000 2001 2002 2003gadasaxadi administraciulisamarTaldarRvevebisTvis1.837 1.722 1.676 1.557avtomobilebis registraciismosakrebeli1.883 2.295 2.317 2.573marTvis mowmobismosakrebeli1.131 1.239 1.293 1.324jami 4.851 5.256 5.286 5.4542saqarTvelos sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos Stabis monacemebi.128

2.3. finansuri uzrunvelyofabolo wlebSi sagzao policiis finansur uzrunvelyofaze saxelmwifo biujetidanixarjeboda daaxloebiT 3 mln dolaris ekvivalenti, anu 1000 dolari weliwadSierT TanamSromelze 3 , rac mowinave qveynebSi analogiuri Tanxis 2-3%-s ar aRemateba.sagzao policiis minimaluri xelfasi, romelic mogvcems moralur uflebaskorumpirebulTa mimarT represiuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis, unda iyosaranakleb 4 adamianis saarsebo minimumisa, anu aranakleb 240 dolaris ekvivalenti.qveynis axali xelisuflebis gancxadebiT 4 , 2004 wlis seqtembridan Sinagan saqmeTasaministros rigebi 40%-iT unda Semcirdes, xolo xelfasebi (upirvelesad, sagzaopoliciisa da operatiul-samZebro samsaxuris muSakebisaTvis) 250-500 aSSdolaramde gaizardos. es niSnavs, rom sagzao policielTa ricxvi Semcirdeba2000-2200 muSakamde, romelTa marto xelfasiT uzrunvelyofas dasWirdebasaSualod Semdegi Tanxa:2200 muSaki . 375 $ . 12Tve = 9 900 000 $amdenad, marto xelfasiT uzrunvelyofisaTvis saWiro iqneba daaxloebiT 10mln dolari, sxva danaxarjebisaTvis ki am Tanxis aranakleb 50%, e.i. saerTojamSi dafinanseba unda gaizardos aranakleb 5-jer da miaRwios 15 mln dolars.zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, korufciasTan brZolis upirvelesi saSualebaa muSakTamaterialuri uzrunvelyofa. aucilebelia mTlianad Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosada maT Soris sagzao policiis dafinansebis axali wyaroebis gamonaxva. am amocaniswarmatebiT Sesruleba SesaZlebelia sxva RonisZiebebTan erTad, rogoricaaSesabamisi normatiuli bazis SemuSaveba, samsaxuris kvalificiuri muSakebiTdakompleqteba, Tanamedrove meTodebisa da teqnologiebis danergva da a.S.yovelive es saSualebas mogvcems, korufcia minimumamde Semcirdes damniSvnelovnad amaRldes sagzao policiis efeqturoba.3. avtomobilTa saregistracio nomrebis ranJirebaprestiJulobis niSniT3.1. ZiriTadi mosazrebebiqarTuli sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis prestiJulobas didwiladgansazRvravs avtomanqanis gamorCeuli nomeri.1996 wlidan farTod gavrcelda avtomobilebze sakuTari saxelis, gavlenianisazogadoebrivi dawesebulebisa da sxva amgvaris aRmniSvneli sami laTinuriasos kombinacia, erTiani an simetriulad ganlagebuli cifrebi.amgvari tendencia met-naklebad SeimCneva msoflioSi 5 . evropis, amerikisa daaziis ganviTarebul qveynebSi didi xania moqmedebs sistema, romlis mixedviTprestiJuli nomrebis fasi mniSvnelovnad aWarbebs Cveulebrivis Rirebulebas.mosaxleobis nawilis survils, hqondes prestiJuli nomeri, ucxoeTSi warmatebiTiyeneben qveynis biujetis Sesavsebad da sagzao moZraobis gaumjobesebisdasafinanseblad.3saqarTvelos Sss-s safinanso da materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis sammarTvelos monacemebi.4saqarTvelos Ss ministris, g. baramiZis gancxadebebi qarTul masmediaSi, 2004 w. ianvar-aprili5POL íà PAL íå íàåçæàåò, ,,Êîìñîìîëüñêàÿ ïðàâäà” 30, 07,1999.129

saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebze me-8 welia, aTasobiT e.w. prestiJulisaregistracio niSniT aRWurvili avtomobili moZraobs, maTma mflobelebmaamisaTvis oficialur gadasaxadze bevrad meti Tanxa gadauxades sagzao policiissaregistracio samsaxuris muSakebs. amiT aTeuli milionobiT lariT SeivsoCrdilovani ekonomika. garda amisa, esaa erT-erTi umZlavresi stimuli ioladgamdidrebis msurveli sagzao policielebisaTvis. Sedegad, SeuZlebelia jansaRisakadro politikis gatareba.raki aseTi moTxovnileba arsebobs, aucilebelia, uaxloes xanSi SeicvalosSesabamisi normatiuli aqtebi, es miswrafeba gamoyenebuli iqnas mTelisazogadoebis sakeTildReod da ara misi mcire nawilis daumsaxurebladgasamdidreblad.3.2. prestiJuli nomrebis klasifikaciapirobiTad SeiZleba saregistracio nomrebis klasifikacia 3 jgufad:prestiJulad, Cveulebrivad da arasasurvelad. prestiJuli jgufi, Tavis mxriv,iyofa sam qvejgufad: Zalze prestiJuli, maRalprestiJuli, saSualodprestiJuli.arasasurvel nomrebSi xvdeba arakeTilxmovani asoTSexameba an sazogadoebisaTviskargad cnobili, romelime salanZRavi sityva (ix. cxr. #3.1.).Zalze prestiJulia erTnairi asoebisa da cifrebis kombinacia, simetriuladganlagebuli asoebi da cifrebi, mag. AAA-111, ABA-101. maRalprestiJulad iTvlebasakuTari saxelis warmomqmneli kombinacia Semdegi cifrebiT: EKA-222, LIA-323,gansakuTrebuli moTxovniT sargeblobs nomrebi: NIN-100, COL-100 da a.S., romlebicwarmoiTqmeba rogorc “ninasi”, “kolasi” da a.S. maRalprestiJulad iTvlebaagreTve romelime qveynis, qalaqis dasaxeleba, cnobil uwyebaTa abreviatura ansityvebi cifrebis erTnairi an simetriuli kombinaciiT, mag.: USA, GEO, FBI, POL,MSS, ACE, TOP da a.S. saSualo prestiJulad iTvleba sanomre niSnebi cifrebisnebismieri kombinaciiT, erTnairi da simetriulad ganlagebuli cifrebiT.asoTa da cifrebis arafrismTqmeli Sexameba iTvleba prestiJulobas moklebulCveulebriv nomrebad. arasasurvel nomrebad iTvleba cudi JReradobis, dasacinian salanZRavi sityvebi da asoTSexamebani qarTul, rusul, somxur, inglisur daamerikul Jargonebze: CAC, KLE, FUC, APE, BAG, ASS.3.3. saregistracio nomerTa raodenobasaqarTveloSi avtomobilTa saregistracio nomrebi warmodgenilia 26 laTinuriasoTi da 10 arabuli cifriT. maTi kombinaciebis saerTo raodenoba SeiZlebagamoviangariSoT Semdegi formuliT:∑ t t= M t.N t= M m . N nsadac ∑ t tsanomre niSnebis saerTo raodenobaa;M t_ asoebis kombinaciaTa saerTo raodenoba;N t_ cifrebis kombinaciaTa raodenoba;M _ gamoyenebuli laTinuri asoebis raodenoba;m _ asoebis raodenoba saregistracio nomerSi;N _ arabuli cifrebis saerTo raodenoba;130

cxrili #3.2asoTSeTanxmebaTa ranJireba prestiJulobis niSniTprestiJuliaraprestiJulisakuTarisaxelebiqalaqebi, dasaxlebulipunqtebi, kuTxeebi,qveynebi m 4abreviaturebi,aRniSvnebi, m 5arakeTilxmovanisalanZRaviANA, GIA,IVA, ILO,ALE, OTO,EKA, GIO,LIA, NEA,NIA, ETO,ZUR, PAV.qalaqebi: KUT, POT, SEN,ABA, XOB, TSA, ZES, TER,XAR, OZU, LON . . .igive xmovnebisamogdebiT:TBL, GRD, RST, DMN, ZST,TKB, TRJ, XR9, SMT, BRJ,AXL, AXG . . .kuTxeebi: APX, GUR, SMG,SAM, KAX, KXT, ADJ, ACH,MTI, XEV. . .qveynebi: GEO, USA, RUS,GBR, DFR, GFR, FRA, NID,ENG, UKR, KAZ. . .VIP, MSS, FBI,FBR, POL, PAL,MER, SAK, BMW,BBC, OOH, ABC,ONU...OAK, DUB,TOY, TOE,TOP, ACE,ALL, CAB,CAN, GUN,AGE, AIR,XLL, XXL,FOX, BOY,BIG, BED...APE,BUG,ASS,FAT,SHY,SLY,FLY,FOL,FUL,FUC...n _ saregistracio nomerSi gamoyenebuli cifrebis raodenoba;vinaidan sami nulisagan Sedgenili nomeri ar gamoiyeneba, cifrebis kombinaciaTasaerTo raodenoba N t=10 3 -1, anu 999-s. asoebis kombinaciaTa saerTo raodenobaM t=26 3 , anu 17576-s.saregistracio nomrebis saerTo raodenoba Seadgens:999 . 17 576, anu 17 558 424-smiRebuli cifriT irkveva, rom CvenSi arsebuli sanomre niSnebis am formasgaaCnia uzarmazari rezervi. mas SeuZlia daakmayofilos 30 milioni macxovrebeli600 avtomobiliT 1000 mosaxleze, xolo Tu davuSvebT arsebuli nomrebis rotaciasgarkveuli Tanxis fasad, es forma ganusazRvreli vadiT gamogvadgeba.Zalze prestiJuli (indeqsi v.p.) nomrebis raodenobis gamoTvlas vaxdenTjufTebadobis Teoriis gamoyenebiT. asoTSeTanxmebaTa raodenoba erTnair ansimetriul1M AAAv . p = A 26=26M = A = 26•25= 650 ,ABA 2v.p 26e.i. saerTo raodenobaa 676erTnairi an simetriuli cifrebis SexamebaTa raodenoba`111 ~N pv . = A9= 9 N . p = A1010• 9 = 90Zalze prestiJuli nomrebis saerTo raodenoba13211212v , sul 99

∑ t v. ptt= M v.p • N v.p = 676 • 99 = 66. 924maRali prestiJuli nomrebis (indeqsi h.p) saerTo raodenoba iangariSebaformuliT∑ t h. p= (m 3+ m 4+ m 5)(9+90)sadac m 3- sakuTari saxelebis aRmniSvneli asoebis prestiJuli kombinaciebisraodenobaa (m 3≅20);m 4- qalaqebis, kuTxeTa, qveynebis saxelebis aRmniSvneli asoebis analogiuriraodenoba (m 4≅100);m 5- prestiJuli abreviaturebis, sityvebisa da a.S. raodenoba ( m 5≅10);Tu vigulisxmebT, rom amgvari asoTSeTanxmebisa da sityvebis raodenoba∑m . =130 (ix. cxr. 3.1),h pmaSin maRali prestiJuli nomrebis saerTo raodenoba∑ t = 130 . 99 = 12 870h. pnaTelia, rom ∑m h . p raodenobaSi droTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba cvlilebamoxdes prestiJulobis kriteriumebis cvalebadobis gamo. pirveli miaxloebiTi∑m h . pSeadgens 130-s.saSualod prestiJuli nomrebis saerTo raodenoba SeiZleba viangariSoTformuliT:∑tm.p=10∑6mpM NnaTelia, rom erTnairi asoebis kombinacia M M 6=26, cifrebis nebismieri kombinaciautoldeba 999-s. Sesabamisad,M 6xN 6= 26 x 999 = 25 974M 7warmoadgens simetriul asoTa kombinacias (M 7=650), N 7nebismieri cifrebiskombinaciaa, anu 999. e.i. meSvide rangis nomrebis raodenobaM 7x.N 7= 650 x 999 = 649 350naTelia isic, rom M 8=m 4, M 9=m 5, maTi miaxloebiTi raodenobaa 100 da10. Sesabamisad,me-8 da me-9 rangis nomerTa saerTo raodenobaa 109 000 (110 x 999).M 10asoebis nebismieri kombinaciaa prestiJulebis gamoklebiT, e.i.M 10= 263 - 26 - 650 = 17 576 - 676 = 16 900133

N 10cifrebis prestiJul kombinaciaTa raodenobaa da udris 99-s. Sesabamisad,meaTe rangis nomerTa raodenobaM 10N 10=16 900 . 99=1.673.100Cveulebriv nomerTa, anu me-11 rangSi saerTo raodenoba SegviZlia viangariSoT,rogorc sxvaoba nomerTa absolutur raodenobasa da prestiJulobis sxvadasxvasaxis (araprestiJulis CaTvliT) jams Soris, e.i.∑t=∑t−∑t−∑−∑−∑o t v.p h.p m.p n.ptttsadac ∑ t oCveulebriv nomerTa saerTo raodenobaa;∑ t n. p _ araprestiJul nomerTa saerTo raodenoba;rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ∑ t n. p warmoadgens asoebis araprestiJul, arakeTilxmovanasoTSeTanxmebisa da salanZRavi sityvebis erTobliobas. maTi saerTo raodenoba(m 12≅15 da m 13≅20) Seadgens aranakleb 35-s da droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvlebakriteriumebis cvalebadobis Sesabamisad, magram maTi savaraudo raodenoba argadaaWarbebs ramdenime aTass. ase rom, maTi ricxvi praqtikulad umniSvneloaCveulebriv nomerTa 15 milionze met raodenobasTan SedarebiT.amrigad, ∑ t n. p= (m 12+ m 13) . 99 = 35 . 99 = 3 465Cveulebriv nomerTa saerTo raodenoba iqneba∑ t o= 17 558 424 - 2 458 450 = 15 059 974im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vinmem moindoma araprestiJuli nomris SeZena, mas SeiZlebadaedos Cveulebrivi an ufro naklebi fasi.3.4. Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculoba, korufciasTan brZolisRonisZiebebiamJamad saregistracio samsaxuris mier yvelanair nomerze formalurad erTnairifasia dawesebuli. sinamdvileSi prestiJuli nomrebis fasi 100-1500 aSS dolarisfarglebSi meryeobs. aseTi nomrebis garkveuli nawili ufasod gaicema nacnobebsada gavlenian pirebze. Tu davuSvebT, rom 8 wlis manZilze yvelaze prestiJulinomrebis aranakleb 60% ukve gacemulia saSualod 1000 laris fasad, maSinmiRebuli Crdilovani Semosavali Seadgens:66924 . 0,60 . 700 = 40 159 400 larsrogorc Cans, saqme gvaqvs aTeulobiT milion larTan, romlis legalizaciasSeuZlia mTlianad dafaros sagzao policiis Sesanaxad gamoyofili Tanxa, romlisyovelwliuri odenoba bolo wlebSi 3 mln dolars ar aWarbebs. aqedangamomdinare, mizanSewonilia, saregistracio nomris fasi ganisazRvros134

prestiJulobis gaTvaliswinebiT, Semosuli Tanxebi moxmardes sagzao policiisdafinansebas, danarCeni ki Cairicxos sagzao fondSi sagzao moZraobis gasaumjobeseblad.fasis gamosaangariSeblad SeiZleba visargebloT gamosaxulebiT:P n=12 K nP 0sadac P nsaregistracio nomris fasia prestiJulobis “n~ rangis mixedviT;K n– fasis zrdis maCvenebeli icvleba prestiJulobis rangis mixedviT (ix. cx.#3.1);P 0– amosavali sidide, Cveulebrivi nomris fasi.saregistracio nomrebis fasis ranJirebas prestiJulobis mixedviT SeuZliamkveTrad gazardos sagzao policiis Semosavali saregistracio saqmianobidan,rac amJamad wliur 2 milionamde lars Seadgens. amisaTvis saWiroa Setaniliiqnas cvlilebebi administraciul kodeqsSi da gatardes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:SemoRebuli iqnas saregistracio nomerTa ranJireba, dawesdes Sesabamisi fasebiSemoTavazebuli meTodikis mixedviT;gauqmdes yvela e.w. prestiJuli nomeri. msurvelebma gadaixadon xelmeoredaxali nixriT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT ufasod gadaeceT Cveulebrivi nomrebi.SemoRebuli iqnas prestiJuli nomrebis rotacia. avtomobilis yofil an axalmflobels Sesabamisi Tanxis gadaxdis Semdeg gadaeces igive nomeri an gaiyidosis xelaxla, sxva pirze.miRebuli damatebiTi Semosavlebi gadaeces sagzao policias. darCenili Tanxagadairicxos sagzao fondSi.dasaxuli amocanebis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad gamoinaxos saxsrebi (Tundacsesxis saxiT) saqarTveloSi moqmedi yvela saregistracio ganyofilebiskompiuterizaciisa da operatiuli eleqtronuli kavSirisTvis.aSkaraa, rom dasaxuli RonisZiebebi mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs sagzao policiisfinansur mdgomareobas, dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens sakadro politikaze, mkveTradSeamcirebs korufcias da Seavsebs sagzao fondis deficits.4. korufciasTan brZola sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxurSi4.1. sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris miznebi da amocanebisagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuri Sedis saqarTvelos Sss-s administraciuli policiisdepartamentis sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi. misimTavari amocanaa zedamxedveloba sagzao moZraobaze da moZraobis monawileTausafrTxoeba (rogorc kompleqsuri amocana), agreTve avtosatransportoinfrastruqturis efeqtiani gamoyeneba 6 .sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris piradi Semadgenloba dasaqmebulia calkeulsamwyobro qvedanayofebSi: aseulebSi, oceulebsa da jgufebSi. operatiuli6k. mWedliSvili, ,,saqarTvelos avtoinspeqcia dros sul cota, 20 wliT CamorCa”, gazeTi “SvididRe”, #90.135

viTarebis garTulebisas calkeul qvedanayofTa dasaxmareblad mTavarsammarTvelosTan iqmneba sapatrulo oceuli. sagzao moZraobaze uSualozedamxedvelobas axorcieleben sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris inspeqtorebi(serJantebi da zemdegebi) da ufrosi inspeqtorebi (umcrosi oficrebi).zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebaSi SeiZleba damatebiT CaerTos sagzao policiisufros oficerTa Semadgenloba, agreTve Sss-s sxva qvedanayofebi 7 .4.2. sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris saqmianobis ZiriTadimimarTulebebiupirveles yovlisa, esaa moZraobis monawileTa kontroli sagzao moZraobiswesebis Sesabamisad, darRvevebis gamovlena da aRkveTa, amave mimarTulebiTprevenciuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba da moZraobis wesebis propaganda,damrRvevTa mimarT represiuli RonisZiebebis gatareba.sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris uSualo movaleobaa sagzao-satransportoSemTxvevis (ssS) adgilze 8 gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis gatareba, rac, upirvelesad,gulisxmobs dazaralebulTaTvis pirvelad samedicino daxmarebas, konkretulfaqtze winaswari mokvlevis Catareba, agreTve ssS-s adgilidan mimalulimZRolebis, moparuli da gatacebuli satranporto saSualebebis Zebna. sagzaosapatrulosamsaxuri uzrunvelyofs specialuri daniSnulebis avtomobilebis(saswrafo samedicino daxmareba, samaSvelo samsaxuri da a.S.) daubrkolebelmoZraobasac.sagzao sapatrulo samsaxuris movaleobaTa Sorisaa gadaudebeli zomebis miRebasagzao pirobebis gauaresebisas, rogoricaa: xelovnuri nagebobebis, gvirabebisdazianeba, barierebis, ganaTebis mowyobilobis mwyobridan gamosvla, sagzao samosisada mxedvelobis mkveTri gauareseba, zvavi, mewyeri, namqeri da a.S. sagzao-saremontosamuSaoebis Sesrulebisas moZraobis monawileTa usafrTxoebis kontroli. aqveunda aRiniSnos, rom aucilebelia sss-s daevalos antiteroristuli RonisZiebebi,xelovnuri nagebobebis _ xidebis, gvirabebis da a.S. patrulireba. am funqciasamJamad dacvis policia asrulebs.amJamad sagzao zedamxedvelobis teritoriuli da saxazo qvedanayofebi aRricxavenmaT samoqmedo arealSi momxdar ssS-sa da moZraobis wesebis darRvevebs, awarmoebenmaTi xelSemwyobi pirobebis Seswavlasa da gamomwvevi mizezebis analizs. CveniazriT, debulebis es nawili Sesacvlelia. sss-sTvis informaciis Segrovebaufro prioritetulia, informaciis analizi ki Stabis prerogativaa. dResdReobiTStabis analitikuri saqmianoba statistikuri aRricxviT Semoifargleba, analiziki unda moicavdes movlenaTa mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris gamovlenas da aramxolod monacemebs daRupulTa da dasaxiCrebulTa kleba-matebis Sesaxeb.sss, sagzao policiis sxva samsaxurebTan da saxelmwifoebriv Tu arasamTavroboorganizaciebTan erTad, gansazRvravs kanondarRvevaTa aRmofxvris RonisZiebebsprevenciuli zomebis CaTvliT, eweva sagzao moZraobis wesebis propagandas, gzebzeSeqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb informacias awvdis dainteresebul organizaciebsada mosaxleobas.unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis miwodeba da propaganda umniSvnelovanesisaqmianobaa, romelsac sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakebi specialurganyofilebasTan erTad unda eweodnen. am ukanasknelis Seqmnis aucileblobamogvianebiT iqneba ganxiluli.7debuleba Sss sagzao policiis sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris Sesaxeb, gazeTi ,,kriminaluriqronika”, damateba #1(133), ianvari, 1999 w.8instruqcia, damtkicebuli Ss ministris mier 2002 wlis 2 maisis #238 brZanebiT.136

Sss-s sxva qvedanayofebTan erTad sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakebimonawileoben yvela sapolicio RonisZiebaSi, romelic tardeba maT samoqmedoteritoriaze, esenia: danaSaulis gaxsna da misi aRkveTa-acileba, borotmoqmedTaZebna, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva, narkomaniasTan brZola da a.S. miuxedavadamisa, sss-s gaerTianeba saguSago-sapatrulo samsaxurTan, rogorc amas moiTxovsSss-s zogierTi reformatori, Cvens pirobebSi mizanSewonili ar aris. CvenSisagzao qseli arasakmarisadaa ganviTarebuli, patruli ki naklebad mobiluriatransportis ukmarisobis gamo 9 .rogorc vxedavT, sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxurs akisria movaleobaTa mTelispeqtri, romlis ganxorcielebaze uSualod pasuxismgebelni arianadministraciuli policiisa da sagzao policiis sammarTveloebis, saqalaqo,raionuli da saxazo ganyofilebebis ufrosi oficrebi. naTelia, rom amamocanebis warmatebiT Sesruleba SeuZliaT mxolod specialuri ganaTlebismqone pirebs, moralurad da fizikurad mtkice, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebismqone adamianebs. oficerTa korpusis aseTi pirebiT dakompleqtebis gareSeSeuZlebelia zemoT aRniSnul movaleobaTa Sesruleba, miT ufro, korufciisaRmofxvra.moxda sapirispiro: korufciasTan brZolis sababiT 2004 wlis 31 maisidansamuSaodan masobrivad daiTxoves sagzao policiis gamocdili muSakebi. Sss-sxelmZRvanelobam sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuri daakompleqta orkvirian kursebzemomzadebuli kontigentiT. Sss-s akademiis axali reqtori, l. izoria,mravalricxovan interviuebSi acxadebs, rom pirvel etapze orkviriani momzadeba,xolo SemdgomSi 6-Tviani gadamzadeba sruliad sakmarisia. ismis kiTxva _ rogorSeZlebs axladCamoyalibebuli samsaxuri saStato erTeulebis mkveTri SemcirebispirobebSi, moumzadebeli axalbeda kadrebiT mniSvnelovnad gazrdilimovaleobebis Sesrulebas. mxolod patiosneba da maRali xelfasi sruliadacar aris sakmarisi. amas unda sdevdes profesionalizmi.4.3. sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSaobis formebi da meTodebisagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSaobis ZiriTadi formebia gzebis patrulireba,moZrav da stacionarul saguSagoebze samsaxuri, saxifaTo, mZime da aragabaritulitvirTebis, sapatio mgzavrebisa Tu bavSvTa gadayvanisas satransporto saSualebaTagacileba.patrulireba xorcieldeba rogorc qveiTad, ise avtomobilebisa damotocikletebis gamoyenebiT. satransporto saSualebebiT patrulireba SeiZlebaiyos Cveulebrivi (Ria), agreTve faruli da Sereuli. Ria kontroli xorcieldebaspecialuri Seferilobis satransporto saSualebebiT, faruli _ CveulebriviSeferilobis avtomobilebiT, xolo Sereuli xorcieldeba ori avtomobiliT,romelTagan erTi specialuri, meore Cveulebrivi Seferilobisaa.patrulireba xdeba saavtomobilo gzis im monakveTebze, sadac arsebobs avariulisituaciebis mometebuli safrTxe da amis gamo aucilebelia avtosatransportosaSualebebisa da qveiTebis perioduli kontroli, sadac regularulad, drodadroferxdeba moZraoba. sapatrulo samsaxuri xorcieldeba moZravi saguSagoebismeSveobiT. mag. quCebSi pikis saaTebSi, masobriv RonisZiebebze, roca situaciamudmiv zedamxedvelobas saWiroebs mniSvnelovani satransporto kvanZebis9Ss ministris brZanebiT a.w. ivlisidan sagzao policia gauqmda da Camoyalibda sagzao-sapatrulosamsaxuri. faqtobrivad, yofil sagzao policias daemata yofili saguSago-sapatrulo samsaxurisfunqciebi. ramdenad gamarTlebulia es gadawyvetileba, gviCvenebs 2004 wlis sagzao-satransportoSemTxvevaTa da administraciuli praqtikis statistika.137

misasvlelebTan (aeroportebi, sarkinigzo sadgurebi, sazRvao portebi),agreTve saerTaSoriso da Sida saxelmwifoebrivi avtomagistralebisgadakveTaze, ganStoebebze, sawyis da saboloo punqtebSi ewyoba stacionarulisaguSagoebi.patrulirebis meTodebia: satransporto nakadebSi gadaadgileba moZraobis wesebisdarRvevaTa Tavidan asacileblad da damrRvevTa gamosavlenad; nakadis winmoZraoba siCqaris gadaWarbebis aRsakveTad; saSiS adgilebSi yofna mZRolebisada qveiTebis mier wesebis darRvevaTa aRsakveTad; intensiuri moZraobis adgilebSispecSeferilobis avtomobilis gaCereba darRvevaTa profilaqtikis mizniT daa.S. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos CvenSi adre arsebuli patrulirebis iseTimaRalefeqturi formebis kvlav danergvis aucilebloba, rogorebicaavertmfrenebiT da cxenebiT patrulireba. vertmfrenebi gansakuTrebiT efeqturiadid qalaqebsa da avtomagistralebze intensiuri moZraobis pirobebSi. cxenosanipatruli gansakuTrebul efeqts axdens qveiTTa Tavmoyris adgilebSi. ekonomikurikrizisidan gamosvlis Semdeg aucilebelia am ori formis aRdgena. rogorcwesi, qveiTi patrulireba xorcieldeba Ria wesiT, gamyof zolze, trotuarze anbordiuris gaswvriv. inspeqtorsa da moZraobis monawileTa Sorisuzrunvelyofili unda iyos vizualuri kontaqti, raTa aRikveTos wesebisdarRvevis mcdeloba, xolo darRveva ar darCes reagirebis gareSe.stacionaruli saguSagoebi Cveulebriv sadReRamiso reJimSi muSaoben. isiniaRWurvilni arian specialuri teqnikiT, samedicino xelsawyoebiTa damedikamentebiT. saguSagoze gatacebul saSualebaTa aRricxva, dakavebulisatransporto saSualebebis miReba-gacema warmoebs specialur JurnalebSi.stacionarul saguSagoebze saqmianoben Sss-s sapatrulo-saguSago samsaxuris,sisxlis samarTlis samZebrosa da sxva samsaxurebis muSakebi.4.4. Zalebisa da saSualebebis ganawilebasagzao-sapatrulo samsaxurisaTvis (sss) saWiro saStato erTeulebis gaangariSebaxdeba Semdegi normativebiT:sss-s erTi inspeqtori _ saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobisgzebis yovel 20 km-ze.sss-s erTi inspeqtori _ samxareo da adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis yovel150 km-ze.sss-s erTi inspeqtori _ aRricxvaze myof yovel 3000 erTeul satransportosaSualebaze.sss-s sami inspeqtori _ yovel stacionarul saguSagoze.sss-s yovel 8 inspeqtorze daSvebulia ufrosi inspeqtoris erTi Stati.normativebi iTvaliswinebs 1 cvlas da 8-saaTian morigeobas. sadReRamisomorigeoba gulisxmobs samcvlian muSaobas, Sesabamisad, koeficienti Seadgens 2.1erTeuls. es niSnavs yoveli 8-saaTiani muSaobis Semdeg 16-saaTian dasvenebas.sapatrulo avtomobilebisa da motociklebis samorigeod gamosvlis normebiganisazRvreba Sss-Si miRebuli gamoyenebis normebiT.unda aRiniSnos, rom es normativebi mudmivad irRveva. Cveulebrivi ambaviapatrulirebis 12-14 sT-is ganmavlobaSi an 8 sT-iani dasvenebis Semdeg kvlavgamoZaxeba. dasvenebisa da sadReRamiso dReebis xarjze patrulirebis kompensaciamxolod qaRaldzea gaTvaliswinebuli, mas aravin asrulebs. zemoxsenebulinormativebiT, sagzao qselisa da registrirebuli avtoparkis raodenobisgaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos sagzao policiaSi ssp inspeqtoris 2020 saStato138

erTeulia, aqedan avtomagistralebze modis 800-mde, danarCen sagzao qselze _1220, magistralebzea 9 saxazo ganyofileba da 31 stacionaruli saguSago.erTdroulad gzebsa da quCebze patrulirebas eweva 1000-mde sss-s muSaki. sss-sinspeqtorTa aRWurvilobaSi Sedis tabeluri iaraRi _ “makarovis” 9 mm-ianipistoleti, kverTxi, sastveni, sifxizlis sakontrolo milaki, siCqaris sazomixelsawyo, racia da ,,sagzao policielis CanTa”.rogorc vxedavT, sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris movaleobaTa nusxa Zalze vrceliada misi ganxorcieleba xdeba Ria cis qveS, klimaturi pirobebis, sezonis miuxedavad,dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi, avtomobilTa da qveiTTa intensiuri moZraobisas, xmauris,gamonabolqvisa da vibraciiis uSualo zemoqmedebis qveS. amis garda, sss-sinspeqtorebi monawileoben Sss-s sxva samsaxurebis mier maT samoqmedoteritoriaze ganxorcielebul yvela operaciaSi. aSkaraa zemoxsenebul faqtorTauaryofiTi gavlena sss-s inspeqtorTa fizikursa da nervul-fsiqologiurmdgomareobaze. es kompensirebuli unda iyos maRali anazRaurebiTa dareabilitaciis specialuri RonisZiebebiT, magram es moTxovnebiugulebelyofilia.4.5. korufciis mizezebi, Crdilovani Semosavlebi4.5.1. korufciis ZiriTadi mizezebisss-s inspeqtoris dRevandeli anazRaureba absoluturad Seusabamoa energiisada drois danaxarjebTan. sss-s inspeqtoris yovelTviuri xelfasi 60-100 laria.amasTan, maT TavianTi xarjiT uxdebaT sawvavis yidva, formis SeZena. 1998 wlidangauqmda SeRavaTebi komunalur momsaxurebaze, sazogadoebriv transportze, aRarmoqmedebs kvartaluri da wliuri saxelfaso danamatebis sistema, aRar gaicemaSeRavaTiani sagzurebi da a.S. aseT pirobebSi korufcia sagzao-sapatrulosamsaxuris ganuyofeli nawilia. yovelive es umZimesad aisaxeba Sss-s organoebisTanamSromelTa reputaciaze, iwvevs sazogadoebaSi samarTlebriv nihilizms,ubiZgebs maT moZraobis wesebis uxeSi darRvevebisa da wesrigis damcvelTasamarTliani moTxovnebis ignorirebisaken. am uaryofiT movlenebTan warmatebulibrZolisaTvis aucilebelia gamomwvevi mizezebisa da Crdilovani Semosavlebissaxeebisa da odenobis dadgena.xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom 2003 wlis noembridan Sss-s axali xelmZRvanelobismosvlis Semdeg mkveTrad iklo korufciam. es gamowveulia Sss-s muSakTaenTuziazmiTa da umkacresi represiuli RonisZiebebiT. magram Tu uaxloes xanSiar gamoiZebna Crdilovani Semosavlebis sakompensacio finansuri wyaroebi,mosalodnelia Sss-s muSaobis mkveTri gauareseba an korufciis axali talRa.sagzao policiaSi, kerZod sss-Si, amis niSnebi ukve SeigrZnoba 10 .2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiTSeiniSneba ssS-is saerTo ricxvisa da dazaralebulTa raodenobis mkveTrizrda. avtomagistralebze iyo faqtebi, roca sss-is xelmZRvanelebi urigdebodnengadamzidavebs da inspeqtorebs aiZulebdnen komerciul gadazidvebs gasamrjelosfasad 11 .10sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos Stabis monacemebi.11sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakebisagan miRebuli konfidencialuri informacia, 2004 wlisdasawyisis monacemebi.139

4.5.2. korufciis saxeebi da korufciuli fasdebebisagzao-sapatrulo samsaxurSi korufciis ramdenime saxe gvxvdeba: jarimis magierqrTamis aReba wesebis darRvevisTvis, fulis gamoZalva komerciuli gadazidvisTvis,qrTamis aReba ssS-is gamomwvev mizezTa gayalbebisa da miCqmalvisTvis; sss-Siinspeqtorad miRebaze, dawinaurebaze, atestaciaze qrTamis aReba. yvelaze xSiriafulis gamoZalva moZraobis wesebis damrRvevi mZRolebisgan. sss-s inspeqtorebiqrTams iReben siCqaris gadametebisaTvis, aseve saxifaTo manevrirebis, gaCerebiswesebis darRvevis, nasvam mdgomareobaSi marTvisa da teqdaTvalierebis gareSemoZraobisaTvis. msubuqi saxis darRvevebze mZRolebi ixdian 2-dan 5 laramde,saSualo simZimis darRvevaze (ormagi RerZula xazis gadakveTa, wiTel Suqzegavla) _ 10-15 lars, xolo mZime darRvevebze (magaliTad, nasvam mdgomareobaSiyofna) qrTami 40-50 lars aRwevs. qalaqTaSoris gzebze yvelaze gavrcelebuliasiCqaris gadaWarbeba, araswori gaswreba, vadagasuli teqdaTvalierebis sabuTiTmoZraoba da a.S. fasebi daaxloebiT igivea, rac qalaqSi.mZRolebi avtobusebiTa da satvirTo avtomobilebiT moZraobisTvis yovel reiszemgzavrTa tevadobisa da tvirTamweobis mixedviT sss-s muSakebs uxdian garkveulTanxas. saguSagosTan yovel gavlaze mikroavtobusebis mflobelebi ixdian 1-2lars, saSualo da didi tevadobis avtobusebis mZRolebi ki _ 3-5 lars. satvirToavtomobilis gatarebis fasi tvirTamweobis mixedviT 5-20 laramde meryeobs.rTul klimatur pirobebSi datvirTuli traileris uReltexilze gadayvanisTvis,gzis gawmendis CaTvliT, SeiZleba 100 aSS dolari gadagaxdevinon.sagzao-satransporto SemTxvevis miCqmalva Rirs ramdenime aTeuli laridan 100laramde. romelime mxaris interesebis dasacavad ssS-is mokvlevis Sedegebistendenciuri gaformeba simZimis mixedviT ramdenime aseuli laridan ramdenimeaTas laramdea. yvelaze didi Tanxaa dawesebuli sss-is inspeqtorad miRebaze,dawinaurebaze, atestaciis Sedegebis gayalbebaze.yvelaze iafia sss-s inspeqtorad daniSvna Tbilisis prestiJul raionebSi, vinaidanmoZraobis monawileebi efeqturad iyeneben Sss-sa da sxva uwyebebisxelmZRvanelebTan Tu sxva gavlenian pirebTan nacnobobas da Semosavalicnaklebia. yvelaze Zviria inspeqtorad daniSvna qalaqgareT intensiuri satvirTomoZraobis magistralebze, mag: Tbilisi-wiTeli xidi, nataxtari-xaSuri. Sss-saxali xelmZRvanelobis mosvlamde rigiT inspeqtorad daniSvna araprestiJulubanSi an monakveTze 2000 aSS dolari Rirda, prestiJul monakveTze ki,Semosavlidan gamomdinare _ 3-5 aTasi dolari. oceulisa da divizionismeTaurobas monakveTis an teritoriis prestiJulobis mixedviT yvelaze Zviri _5-20 aTasi dolari sWirdeboda. avtomagistralze sagzao policiis ganyofilebis,e.w. ,,trasis” ufrosoba magistralis prestiJulobis mixedviT 50-120 aTas dolaramdejdeboda.Sss-s amJamindeli xelmZRvanelobis mosvlamde sss-s inspeqtorebis nawilsniSnavda saministros kadrebis ganyofileba, xolo oceulis meTaurisa da ufromaRali donis Tanamdebobebze gamweseba uSualod ministris mier xdeboda.administraciuli policiis departamenti da sagzao policiis mTavarisammarTvelo am saqmeSi faqtobrivad ignorirebuli iyo, maSin, roca, debulebisTanaxmad, kadrebis SerCevaze swored is aris uSualo pasuxismgebeli.4.5.3. Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculobaCrdilovani Semosavlebis moculobis miaxloebiT gamoangariSebisaTvis SegviZliamivmarToT Semdeg xerxs: raki viciT saxeebis mixedviT dafiqsirebuli darRvevebisraodenoba, garkveuli gadaWarbebiT viRebT realur darRvevaTa raodenobasacda vamravlebT Sesabamis fasebze. am SemTxvevaSi Sedegi axloa realur140

maCvenebelTan. Cveni azriT, Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculobis dasadgenadufro mizanSewonilia, gaviTvaliswinoT rigiTi inspeqtorebidan fulis akrefismeqanizmi, romlis maCveneblebic sakmaodaa cnobili.sss-is debulebiT 12 , saqarTvelos gzebze mudmivad morigeobs aTasamde inspeqtori,romlebic morigeobis damTavrebis Semdeg oceulis meTaurs abareben 15-30 lars,yoveli Tvis bolos ki _ damatebiT 100-120 lars. Tu inspeqtorma ver SeZloTanxis akrefa an mas aRaraferi rCeba, dauwereli kanonis Tanaxmad, igi valdebulia,mainc gadaixados, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, dakargavs samsaxurs, magram ase iSviaTadxdeba: Cveulebriv, inspeqtorebs misacem Tanxaze orjer-samjer meti rCebaT.xSirad Semosavlian trasebze rigiTi inspeqtorebi TiTo morigeobaze 100 laramdeSoulobdnen.TveSi TiTo inspeqtori daaxloebiT 30 cvlaSi morigeobs. cvlaSi saSualoSemosavlis odenobad SegviZlia aviRoT 60 lari. avtomobilis moZraobissadReRamiso intensivobis 90%-ze meti 16 sT-is ganmavlobaSi modis, amitom ssssinspeqtorebis mier gamoZaluli Tanxis wliuri savaraudo moculobaa:1000 inspeqtori _ . 60 l . 30 cvl . 2 . 12 Tve = 43,2 mln lariam Tanxidan daaxloebiT 14-15 mln lari gadaecema xelmZRvanelebs, romelTaraodenoba sss-s kontigentis 7-8%-s ar aRemateba. 30 milionamde lari rCebapiradi moxmarebisaTvis, rac yovelTviurad erT rigiT inspeqtorze 600 aSSdolars Seadgens. rogorc aRvniSneT, sss-s inspeqtori praqtikulad TviTonafinansebs muSaobisas gaweul yvela xarjs (sawvavi, maragnawilebi, aRWurvilobada a.S.). mas ojaxis Sesanaxad rCeba TveSi daaxloebiT 500 aSS dolaris ekvivalenti.Cveulebriv, samsaxurSi miRebisas xelmZRvanelebi qrTamis saxiT iReben naxevariwlis Semosavals, ris Semdeg muSaks ori wlis ganmavlobaSi praqtikuladgarantirebuli aqvs Tanamdeboba. aqedan gamomdinare, Crdilovani Semosavlisada qrTamis moculobebi adasturebs Cveni gaangariSebis siswores.mgzavrebisa da tvirTebis komerciuli gadaadgilebisas gamoZaluli Tanxisraodenobis dasadgenad unda gaviTvaliswinoT sss-s stacionaluri saguSagoebTanmoZravi sxvadasxva tipis avtobusebisa da satvirTo avtomobilebis saSualodReRamuri raodenoba 13 .angariSi SegviZlia ganvaxorcieloT Cven mier SemoTavazebuli formuliT.Qn= m∑N i ⋅ Ki =1i,sadac Q saguSagoze komerciuli ass-dan gamoZaluli Tanxis raodenobaa dRe-RameSi;N i– i tipis ass-s saSualo dReRamuri intensivoba;K i– i tipis ass-s mZRolidan gamoZaluli Tanxa erT gavlaze;m _ gamoZalvaTa raodenobis wili gavlili ass-s saerTo raodenobidan.Cveni monacemebiT, Cveulebriv pirobebSi m=0,25÷0,33. specialuri reidebisCatarebisas m=0,6÷0,80.12debuleba Sss-s sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris Sesaxeb, gazeTi ,,kriminaluri qronika, #1(133),ianvari, 1999 w.13sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelosa da gzebis saxelmwifo departamentis saeqspluataciosammarTvelos angariSebi, 2000-20003 ww.141

sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos Stabis monacemebiT, marto Tbilisizugdidistrasaze arsebul 9 stacionarul saguSagoze 2003 wels dRe-RamisganmavlobaSi moZraobda:mikroavtobusi (15 adgilamde) _ 9300, mcire tvirTamweobis satvirTo _ 948, avtobusi(15 adgilze meti) _ 3170, saSualo tvirTamweobis satvirTo _ 3110, traileri _ 1270.Tu gaviTvaliswinebT TiTo saguSagoze 14 gamoZaluli Tanxis saSualo odenobasda vigulisxmebT, rom gadaixada yovelma meoTxe avtomobilma, anu m=0,25, miviRebTwlis ganmavlobaSi gamoZalul savaraudo Tanxas:Q = (9300 . 1+3170 . 4+948 . 5+3110 . 12+1270 . 20) . 365 . 0,25 = 32.645.600 . 0.25H” 8,162 mln lariaRniSnuli mimarTuleba saqarTveloSi yvelaze gadatvirTulia. SeiZleba iTqvas,rom igi mTliani moZraobis 30-33 procents Seadgens. Sesabamisad, komerciuligadazidvebis dros gamoZaluli Tanxa wliurad 20-25 mln laris tolfasia.amave meTodiT SesaZlebelia gamoZaluli Tanxis dadgena yvela mimarTulebaze.inspeqtorTa samsaxurSi miReba-dawinaurebis dros gamoZaluli TanxismiaxloebiTi raodenoba SeiZleba davadginoT Semdegnairad: sakadropolitika Sss-s sagzao policiis mTavar sammarTveloSi yovelTvisgaurkveveli iyo, statistikuri monacemebiT ki Znelia kanonzomierebebisdadgena. ase magaliTad, 15 1996-2000 ww. centralur aparatSi xelmZRvanelimuSakebis Secvlis 20 SemTxveva aRiricxa, avtomagistralebis ganyofilebisufrosebis Secvlis _ 26, samxareo sagzao policiis ufrosebis _ 7,testirebisas miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegis gamo gaTavisuflda 192, sxvadasxvamotiviT _ 486, diciplinuri wesiT daisaja 2375.inspeqtorTa samsaxurSi miRebisa da dawinaurebisTvis bolo periodSi wliuradgamoZaluli Tanxis miaxloebiTi raodenoba SeiZleba davadginoT Semdegnairad:kadrebis wliuri cvalebadoba rigiTi inspeqtorebis doneze aris 10%, e.i. 180;saSualo rangis xelmZRvanelebis (oceulis, divizionis meTauri da a.S.) _ 20%,e.i. 40, maRali rangis xelmZRvanelebis (anu ganyofilebis ufrosi an moadgile)_ 30%, e.i. 4-5. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT aRniSnul Tanamdebobaze daniSvnis minimalurRirebulebas (aq Tanxa aSS dolarebiT aris mocemuli), miviRebT Semdeg suraTs:180 . 2000 + 40 . 5000 + 5 . 50.000 = 810.000 aSS dolarie.i. miaxloebiTi gaangariSebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom am sferoSi wliurad1,5-2 mln laris gamoZalva xdeba.rac Seexeba ssS-is miCqmalvasa da Sedegebis gayalbebas, am gziT aRebuli qrTamisraodenobis dadgena sakmaod rTulia monacemTa simciris gamo. yovelwliuradsaqarTveloSi 2200-2300 ssS registrirdeba. unda vivaraudoT, rom, sul cota,amdenive ar aRiricxeba. ssS-s mizezTa gayalbebis faqti, romlis drosac SeiZlebaadgili hqonoda fulis gamoZalvas, savaraudod, aranakleb 5 000-ia. TuvigulisxmebT TiTo SemTxvevaze saSualod 50 lars, wliurad miviRebT:5.000 . 50 = 250.000 lariunda aRvniSnoT, rom es monacemi yvelaze saTuoa.14sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakebisagan miRebuli konfidencialuri informacia, 2003-2004 ww.15sagzao policiis yofili ufrosis, k. kobiaSvilis interviu,. gazeTi ,,axali Taoba”, 02.11.2000 w.#302.142

4.5.4. daskvnazemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba daaxloebiT davadginoT Tanxa,romelic sss-s muSakebma qrTamad aiRes bolo periodis ganmavlobaSi.es Seadgens wliurad daaxloebiT 60-65 milion lars, aqedan: sagzao moZraobiswesebis darRvevisTvis aRebuli Tanxa Seadgens 43 mln lars; mgzavrTa datvirTvebis komerciuli gadaadgilebebidan _ 20 mln-s, samsaxurSi miRebadawinaurebisTvis_ 1,5 mln-s; ssS-is miCqmalvisa da Sedegebis gayalbebisTvis _0,5 mln-s. miuxedavad cifrebis arasandoobisa, aSkarad ikveTeba antikorufciulibrZolis prioritetebi.4.6. antikorufciuli RonisZiebebi4.6.1. yovelTviuri xelfasis saWiro odenobaantikorufciuli RonisZiebebis dagegmvisas upirvelesad unda gaviTvaliswinoTsss-s muSakTa materialuri mdgomareobis mkveTri gaumjobeseba. amJamindeli 40-50 aSS dolaris ekvivalenti saxelfaso ganakveTi ver uzrunvelyofs adamianissaarsebo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebasac. aucilebelia, reformaTa pirveliveetapze Sss-s TanamSromlis garkveuli kategoriis minimaluri xelfasiuzrunvelyofdes TviT muSakis, meuRlisa da 2 arasrulwlovani Svilis saarsebomoTxovnilebas. am kategoriaSi eqcevian kriminaluri policiis operatiulisamsaxuris muSakebi da administraciuli policiis sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxurisada saguSago-sapatrulo samsaxuris inspeqtorebi. maT aqvT yvelaze saxifaTo damZime samuSao, amave dros, yvelaze mWidro kontaqti mosaxleobasTan. es ki mZimematerialur pirobebSi maT TavisTavad ubiZgebs korufciisaken. undagaviTvaliswinoT raionis sirTule, kriminogenuli, ekologiuri, klimaturi daa.S. faqtorebi. mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT sss-s muSakis ojaxSi arasrulwlovaniSvilebis raodenoba, muSaobis staJi da wodeba. yvela es faqtori unda iZleodesara simbolur matebas 10-15%-is farglebSi, aramed 3-5-jer unda zrdides ZiriTadsaxelfaso ganakveTs. aSkaraa, rom materialuri uzrunvelyofa Znelad misaRwevia,magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT dabalxelfasiani policielis muSaobis uaryofiTSedegebs, korufciisagan sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebul udides materialur damoralur zarals, es nabiji ubralod aucilebelia.4.6.2. materialuri stimulirebis sxva formebiaucilebelia muSaobis Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba da amoRebuli sajarimo Tanxebisnawilis gamoyofa materialuri stimulirebisaTvis. am mxriv unda gaviziaroTmowinave qveynebis dadebiTi gamocdileba, kerZod, avtosatransporto saqmianobaSi,savaldebulo dazRvevaSi bonus-malusis (dasja-waxalisebis) principis gavrcelebamoZraobis yvela monawilesa da am saqmianobaSi CarTul organizaciebze. sagzaopoliciis kargi muSaobis uSualo indikatoria ssS-iT gamowveuli zaralisSemcireba da nameti Tanxebis warmoqmna sadazRvevo sistemaSi, rac unda gadanawildesmTel sagzao policiaze, pirvel rigSi, sss-s muSakebze. Tu zaralis gamomwvevmizezebs Sorisaa sss-s muSakis araadekvaturi qmedeba, zaralis nawilic man undaaanazRauros. amJamad es procedura regresuli sarCelebis wayenebiTa dasasamarTlos dadgenilebiT sruldeba, arada, saWiroa saTanado kanonsa dakanonqvemdebare aqtebSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis Setana da am meqanizmis gamartiveba.imavdroulad, savaldebulo dazRvevis, rogorc garantirebuli Semosavlis mqonesaqmianobis, saxelmwifo an arakomerciuli struqturisaTvis gadacema 16 .16saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 19.05 brZanebuleba #258, p.4.143

4.6.3. moraluri stimulireba da sakadro politikamaterialuri stimulirebis garda, sasurvelia meti mniSvneloba mieniWos moralurstimulirebasac, rac gulisxmobs: vadaze adre wodebis miniWebas; saxelmwifojildoebis gadacemas, danamatebs staJze, pensiaze, samsaxurebriv dawinaurebas.4.6.4. sagzao zedamxedvelobis Tanamedrove meTodebi da saSualebebiaucilebelia sss-Si muSaobis Tanamedrove meTodebisa da aRWurvilobis danergva:sagzao qselis saxifaTo monakveTebze telekamerebis dayeneba, sadispetCeropunqtebsa Tu stacionarul saguSagoebSi informaciis telemonitorebze gamotanamniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs sss-s muSakTa raodenobas, aamaRlebs maTi muSaobisefeqturobas. moxdeba yvelaze gavrcelebuli darRvevebis _ uwyveti RerZulixazis gadaWris, siCqaris gadaWarbebis, parkingis wesebis darRvevis avtomaturidafiqsireba, fotomasalis safuZvelze damrRvevTa mimarT ganxorcieldebaadministraciuli zomebi. es mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs korufciis faqtebs, gazrdisSemosavlebs da sss-s muSakTa materialuri stimulirebis SesaZleblobebs.aucilebelia sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris moZravi saguSagoebis aRWurvaavtosatransporto saSualebebis teqnikuri mdgomareobis Sesamowmebeliportatuli xelsawyoebiT: gamonabolqvis gamWvirvalobisa da Semadgenlobisdasadgeni gaz-analizatorebiT, saWis meqanizmis luftis da saburavzeproteqtoris sazomebiT, siCqaris dasafiqsirebeli xelsawyoebiT, romlebicramdenime aTeuli metriT adre aRmoaCens nakadSi gadaWarbebuli siCqariT moZravavtomobils da sapatrulo avtomobilSi arsebuli kompiuteris ekranzedaafiqsirebs mis saidentifikacio monacemebs. am SemTxvevaSi damrRvev mZRolzeadministraciul zemoqmedebas uzrunvelyofs pirdapiri eleqtruli kavSiricentralur sainformacio bankTan. es avtomaturad gamoricxavs garigebas damrRvevmZRolsa da sapatrulo samsaxuris inspeqtors Soris.korufciis aRmofxvrasTan erTad aseTi sistema mZRolis mxridan daumorCileblobisSemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofs operatiuli informaciis miRebas da mkveTradgaaumjobesebs operatiul-samZebro saqmianobas. sagzao policiisa da misi sapatrulosamsaxuris efeqtianobis gazrda sruliad SesaZlebelia, Tu gamoinaxa dafinansebisdamatebiTi wyaroebi da Seiqmna ufro srulyofili sakanonmdeblo da teqnikuribaza. am bazis srulyofis safuZveli unda gaxdes msoflios mowinave qveynebisgamocdileba da teqnikuri saSualebebi. aucilebelia administraciuli kodeqsisgamkacreba, bonus-malusis sistemis gavrceleba moZraobis yvela monawile pirze.aucilebelia komerciuli avtosatransporto saSualebebisTvis moZraobisparametrebis gansazRvra, rac Sesabamisi kanonis amoqmedebis Semdeg minimumamdedaiyvans korufcias da gadazidvebis TviTRirebulebas 17 , am sistemis SemoRebisaTvissaWiroa Cveni sagzao qselis, avtoparkisa da sagzao zedamxedvelobis specifikisgaTvaliswineba. zemoxsenebuli RonisZiebis warmatebiT Sesrulebis aucilebelipirobaa sagzao policiaSi qmediTi sainformacio-propagandistuli ganyofilebisSeqmna, romelic informaciiT uzrunvelyofs moZraobis monawileebs da ganumartavsiseTi arapopularuli zomebis daniSnulebas, rogoricaa fiskaluri politikisgamkacreba, administraciuli gadasaxadebis zrda da a.S. amJamad moqmedi debulebiT,am mimarTulebiT muSaobs sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuri, rac arasworia, vinaidansss-s uamravi ram evaleba da misi am funqciiT damZimeba araa mizanSewonili.saWiroa specialuri ganyofileba, romelic pozitiur rols SeasrulebdakorufciasTan brZolaSi.17k. mWedliSvili, l. imnaiSvili. saqarTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi avtosatarnsportosaSualebaTa moZraobis parametrebis uwyveti registraciis savaldebulo sistemis SemoRebisSesaxeb, Sss akademiis Sromebi, Tbilisi, 2001 w., II nawili.144

4.7. avtomobilTa moZraobis parametrebis uwyveti registracia dasagzao moZraobis Tanamedrove eleqtronuli aparaturiTkontroli4.7.1. problemis aqtualobamowinave qveynebis praqtika gviCvenebs, rom sagzao moZraobis gaumjobesebismniSvnelovani saSualebaa siCqarisa da marSrutis uwyveti kontroli.evrokavSiris qveynebSi komerciuli gadazidvebisaTvis igi savaldebuloa 1995wlidan, analogiuri kanoni moqmedebs ruseTSi 1998 wlidan.am qveynebis dadebiTi gamocdilebis gaziareba da saerTaSoriso standartebTanadgilobrivi sakanonmdeblo bazis harmonizacia gadaudebeli amocanaa. dRessagzao sfero subieqturi faqtorebis gamo zaraldeba. amas ganapirobebs sagzaosapatrulosamsaxuris muSakebis dabali anazRaureba, muSaobis mZime pirobebida moZraobis monawileTa absoluturi umravlesobis mier usafrTxoebiselementaruli moTxovnebis ugulebelyofa.samxreT kavkasiis satransporto derefnis yvelaze datvirTul, saqarTvelosmonakveTze, moZraobis intensivobam miaRwia 7000 avtomobils dRe-RameSi. uaxloes3-4 weliwadSi 18 mosalodnelia misi gazrda 12-13 aTas erTeulamde, pikis dros ki14-15 aTass gadaaWarbebs. moZraobis optimaluri pirobebis Sesaqmneladaucilebelia am monakveTze orzoliani moZraobidan oTxzolianze gadasvla,ramdenime weliwadSi satransporto koridoris mTel sigrZeze 4-zolianimoZraobis uzrunvelyofa, xolo gansakuTrebiT datvirTuli monakveTebis 6-zolianze gadayvana. am moTxovnebis Sesrulebas aranakleb miliardi dolarisinvesticia da ramdenime weli sWirdeba, rac yvelaze optimisturi prognoziTacuaxloes wlebSi ver ganxorcieldeba.aseT pirobebSi aucilebelia gzebis gamtarunarianobis, moZraobis usafrTxoebisarsebuli rezervebis srulad gamoyeneba da kompleqsuri RonisZiebebisganxorcieleba. maT Soris upiratesi roli eniWeba sagzao moZraobiszedamxedvelobis Tanamedrove efeqturi meTodebis SemuSavebas da mis safuZvelzemoZraobis optimaluri pirobebis Seqmnas. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi magistralebiscalkeul monakveTebze gzis safari maRali siCqaris ganviTarebis SesaZleblobasiZleva da amiT mniSvnelovnadzrdis gzis geometriulielementebisa da arasakmarisimxedvelobiT gamowveul sagzaosatransportoSemTxvevebisalbaTobasa da simZimes. amas ematebaarasrulyofili sakanonmdeblo baza,Sss-s sagzao policiis sapatrulosamsaxuris korumpirebuloba,romelic adgilobriv Tu ucxoelmZRolebs moZraobis wesebisugulebelyofisaken ubiZgebs.nax. 4.1. moZraobis reJimebis SefasebasiCqareTa gadaWarbebis xarisxis mixedviTdReisaTvis saqarTveloSisaqalaqTaSoriso an dasaxlebulipunqtebis farglebSi xdeba siCqariscalmxrivi saerTo SezRudva,18sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelosa da gzebis saxelmwifo departamentis saeqspluataciosammarTvelos wliuri angariSebi, 2000-2003 ww.145

Sesabamisad, 90 da 60 km/sT-mde. saxifaTo monakveTebze ki arsebobs siCqareTaufro mkacri SezRudva konkretuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. moZraobissiCqares akontroleben sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris moZravi da stacionarulisaguSagoebi. maTi TvalTaxedvis miRma, rac derefnis mTeli sigrZis 95%-s aRemateba,araviTari kontroli ar xdeba da, Sesabamisad, mZRolebis umravlesoba aWarbebsdasaSveb zRvars. Sedegad, sagzao-satransporto SemTxvevaTa raodenobisa dasimZimis maCveneblebi 8-10-jer uaresia dasavleTis mowinave qveynebis monacemebTanSedarebiT.4.7.2. moZraobis parametrebis Sefasebis Teoriuli safuZvlebievrokavSiris qveynebis kanonmdebloba moiTxovs, rom 3,5t. tvirTamweobisa da 9da meti mgzavris (mZRolis CaTvliT) tevadobis avtomobili aRWurvili iyosmoZraobis parametrebis dasafiqsirebeli xelsawyoTi, romelic aRricxavs siCqares,manZils, mZRolis Sromisa da dasvenebis periodebs. aseTi moTxovnebi gamowveuliasaerTaSoriso marSrutebze usafrTxo moZraobis erTiani standartebis, agreTvemZRolebis Sromisa da dasvenebis erTiani reglamentis aucileblobiT.moZraobis nakadebis uwyveti registracia amcirebs sagzao-satransportoSemTxvevaTa safrTxes, mZRolebs aiZulebs, daicvan muSaobisa da dasvenebisdawesebuli reJimi, amcirebs garemoze uaryofiT zemoqmedebas, saSualebas iZleva,droulad gamovlindes darRvevebi da moxdes maTze saTanado reagireba, obieqturimonacemebis safuZvelze Catardes ssS-s mokvleva da eqspertiza.am amocanebis gadasaWrelad aucilebelia uwyvetad dafiqsirdes avtomobilismoZraobis siCqare, rac universaluri parametria da didi xania gamoiyenebamoZraobis usafrTxoebis, ekonomiurobisa da komfortis Sesafaseblad. misimeSveobiT SegviZlia SevafasoT ekologiuri usafrTxoebis maCveneblebi, ramdenaduxifaTod gaiara marSruti mZRolma, rogor daicva moZraobis wesebi. siCqarisSezRudvis moTxovnebi SegviZlia SevafasoT siCqaris gadaWarbebis xarisxiskumulaciuri mrudiT.KK=V f/ V Ssadac V fgzis konkretul ubanze ganviTarebuli siCqarea;V S– amave ubanze siCqaris SezRudviserTeuli.saqarTvelos sagzao qselis Taviseburebidangamomdinare, mizan-Sewonilia gamoviyenoT 95%-ianiuzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebi:Tu gadaWarbebis koeficientiK=0,75÷1,0, moZraoba SeiZlebaSevafasoT, rogorc usafrTxo;1d”Kd”1,25 – moZraoba naklebadsaxifaToa, 1d” Kd”1,25 _ saxifaTo, K >1,5– Zalian saxifaTo (nax. 4.1).mgzavrobis komfortuloba mZRolisprofesionalizmisa da mis miermoZraobis wesebis sruli dacvisobieqturi maxasiaTebelia, Tu masraodenobrivi kriteriumebiTnax. 4.2. moZraobis reJimebis Sefaseba fardobiTigrZivi aCqarebebis mixedviT146

SevafasebT. amgvari Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva mZRolis mier realizebuligrZivi da ganivi aCqarebebis kumulaciuri mrudebi. nax. 4.2-ze mocemuli grZiviaCqarebis kumulaciuri mrudebi naTlad gviCvenebs, moZraobis periodSi ra xnisganmavlobaSi iyo aCqareba komfortulobis, anu +0,25 g-s farglebSi, dasaSvebidiskomfortis diapazonSi +(0,25÷0,5) g da komfortuli da usafrTxomoZraobisaTvis miuRebel diapazonSi > 0,5 g..ẊmniSvnelovani informaciis matarebelia vertikaluri aCqarebebis ••ganawilebac,magram igi ufro metad gzis zedapiris sisworisa da avtomobilis dakidebisefeqturobis Sesafaseblad gamoiyeneba, vidre mZRolis mier moZraobis wesebisdacvis Sesafaseblad.avtomobilis moZraobis reJimebis Sefasebis, obieqturi saxazo kontrolis,konkretul sagzao satransporto SemTxvevaTa mokvlevisa da analizisaTvismizanSewonilia ganvlili manZilis X, xazovani siCqaris X 0 , grZivi X 00, ganivi Y00da vertikaluri00Z aCqarebebis uwyveti registracia.zemoxsenebuli miznebis ganxorcielebisaTvis ki aucilebelia specialurieleqtronuli aparatura, romelic maqsimalurad moergeba Cveni regionis qveynebissagzao qsels, saavtomobilo parks da sxva Taviseburebebs.4.7.3. moTxovnebi sagzao zedamxedvelobis eleqtronulisaSualebebisadmidasavleTis mowinave qveynebis, maT Soris evrokavSiris, praqtikaSi amJamadgavrcelebulia 19 meqanikuri mowyobilobebi, romlebic avtosatransportosaSualebis moZraobis parametrebs afiqsirebs taxogramebis saxiT. isini iZlevapirvelad informacias ganvlili manZilis, siCqaris, dgomisa da gadaadgilebisxangrZlivobis Sesaxeb. rogorc wesi, am informacias iyenebs gadamzidveli, misidamuSaveba da ganzogadeba sagzao policias praqtikulad ar SeuZlia, radgan esdid dros moiTxovs da Sromatevadia. meqanikuri mowyobilobebi martivia, magramdabalia maTi daculoba, ris gamoc arakeTilsindisieri mZRolebi ayalbebenmonacemebs sakuTari miznebis Sesabamisad. amitom mowinave qveynebSi mimdinareobsmuSaoba ufro daculi eleqtronuli sistemebis Sesaqmnelad. samxreT kavkasiisqveynebis sagzao qseli, avtoparki, mZRolebis, sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxurismuSakebis profesionalizmi da mentaliteti mkveTrad gansxvavdeba dasavleTisqveynebis analogiuri maCveneblebisagan, amitomac moZraobis pirobebis SefasebismeTodebi da aparatura unda iTvaliswinebdes am gansxvavebas.Cveni azriT, samxreT kavkasiis regionisTvis gamiznuli xelsawyoebi undaakmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:• maRali daculoba; mdgradoba temperaturisa da tenianobis mkveTricvlilebisadmi; agreTve maRali dartymamedegoba da cecxlgamZleoba;• garantirebuli energodamoukidebeli mexsiereba, aranakleb 30 dRe-Ramisa;• moZraobis parametrebis Senaxvis unari, aranakleb 24 saaTisa.19k. mWedliSvili, l. imnaiSvili, moTxovnebi sagzao zedamxedvelobis Tanamedrove eleqtronuliaparaturisadmi saqarTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiis regionis sxva qveynebSi, saerTaSorisokonferencia ,,uaxlesi teqnologiebi saqarTveloSi~, Sromebis krebuli, Jurnali ,,transporti~,Tbilisi, 2001 w.147

xelsawyom unda daafiqsiros moZraobis Semdegi parametrebi:• satransporto saSualebis moZraobisa da dgomis xangrZlivoba;• ganvlili manZili da siCqare; grZivi, ganivi da vertikaluri aCqarebebi.xelsawyo unda moTavsdes uSualod satransporto saSualebaSi da unda gaaCndessakuTari saidentifikacio nomeri. man moZraobis parametrebi unda SeinaxosdaSifruli saxiT, aucilebelia kompiuteruli sistemis saTanado programulipaketiT uzrunvelyofa. xelsawyodan monacemebis wakiTxva da kompiuterulsistemaSi gadawera unda moxdes transportis moZraobisas radiomodemissaSualebiT. sagzao kontrolis kompiuteruli sistema unda moTavsdes sagzaopoliciis moZrav an stacionarul saguSagoze. sistemis efeqtianobissailustraciod SegviZlia aviRoT erT-erTi yvelaze mZime darRveva _ siCqarisgadaWarbeba. kompiuterul sistemaSi winaswar Caideba siCqaris SezRudva mTelimarSrutis ganmavlobaSi. amasTan, eleqtronuli xelsawyos mier dafiqsirdebasiCqaris lokaluri SezRudvebi. am ukanasknelis Sesaxeb xelsawyos informaciasgadascems eleqtronuli sistemiT aRWurvili sagzao niSnebi, romlebic ganlagdebakonkretuli monakveTis orive mxares. monacemebi mocemul marSrutzegadaWarbebuli siCqaris Sesaxeb dagrovdeba eleqtronuli sistemis mexsierebaSida aisaxeba displeize kumulaciuri mrudis saxiT. misi Sedareba ekranzegamosaxul etalonur mrudebTan (nax. 4.1 da 4.2) saSualebas miscems sagzaosapatrulosamsaxuris muSaks, Seafasos mis win Cavlili avtomobilis miermTel marSrutze realizebuli reJimebi da moaxdinos saTanado reagireba.reagirebas moaxdens agreTve gadamzidavi firmis moZraobis usafrTxoebissamsaxuri, romelic reisis damTavrebis Semdeg gaaanalizebs mZRolis namuSevarsda saTanadod Seafasebs mis profesionalizms. ssS-is dros eqsperts saSualebaeqneba, SemTxvevis konkretuli adgilis mixedviT daadginos moZraobis zustiparametrebi da maTi cvlileba. dafiqsirebuli parametrebis Sss-s sainformaciobankSi gadacema da Senaxva saSualebas iZleva, gamoiricxos sagzao-sapatrulosamsaxuris muSakTa araadekvaturi qmedeba an umoqmedoba moZraobis wesebisdarRvevisas.dReisTvis naSromis avtoris monawileobiT Seqmnilia sistemis eskizuri proeqtida satransporto saSualebaSi mosaTavsebeli xelsawyos maketi. laboratoriuligamocdis Sedegebi damaimedebelia rogorc teqnikuri, ise ekonomikuriTvalsazrisiT. amJamad samuSaoebi SeCerebulia daufinanseblobis gamo. gardaamisa, sistemis amoqmedebisaTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza.zemoaRniSnuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisi eleqtronuli aparatura saSualebasmogvcems, obieqturad Sefasdes mZRolis mier moZraobis wesebis dacva, gamoiricxossubieqturi faqtori wesrigis damrRvev mZRolebze administraciulizemoqmedebisas, ssS-is dros mniSvnelovnad Semcirdes korufcia, amaRldes sagzaopoliciis moZravi da stacionaruli saguSagoebis efeqtianoba, Semcirdesgadazidvebisa da sagzao policiis Senaxvis xarjebi.148

4.8. sagzao policiasa da saavtomobilo transportTan dakavSirebulisxva organizaciebis urTierTqmedeba, dafinansebis damatebiTiwyaroebi4.8.1. sagzao moZraobasTan dakavSirebul organizaciaTa urTierTobasaqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi da mowinave qveynebis praqtikagviCvenebs, rom sagzao policias, sagzao da avtotransportis departamentebs,sadazRvevo firmebs da sabaJos aqvT saerTo mizani – moZraobis usafrTxoeba dasxva aucilebel moTxovnaTa uzrunvelyofa. am organizaciebis kavSirsaucilebelsa da ekonomikurad mizanSewonils xdis saqmianobis finansuriregulirebis saerTo meqanizmi, dasjisa da waxalisebis berketebis gamoyeneba,anu “bonus-malusis~ sistema, romlis danergvasac SeuZlia uzrunvelyos sagzaomoZraobis optimaluri pirobebi. sayuradReboa aSS-is magaliTi 20 . qveynis sagzaopolicia finansdeba sagzao fondidan. moZraobis usafrTxoebis prevenciuliRonisZiebebis (romelTa ganxorcieleba sapatrulo samsaxuris upirvelesimovaleobaa) da sagzao policiis yvela xarji yovelwliurad gamoiyofa aSS-issagzao fondidan. asevea sxva mowinave qveynebSic, sadac ki moqmedebs sagzaofondi.es gza misaRebia saqarTvelosTvis. amdenad, gasagebia dasavleTis mowinave qveynebiskanonmdeblobasTan Cveni sakanonmdeblo bazis harmonizaciis moTxovnac.4.8.2. sagzao zedamxedvelobis dafinansebis damatebiTi wyaroebirogorc ukve aRvniSneT, dReisaTvis saqarTvelos sagzao policia 3000-mdeTanamSromlisagan Sedgeba. misi struqtura, aRWurviloba, muSaobis meTodebi verupasuxebs dRevandel moTxovnebs. struqturis Sesanaxad Sss-s biujetidangamoiyofa 5-6 mln lari, romelic moTxovnilebis mxolod 30-33%-s akmayofilebs.sagzao policias Tavisi saqmianobiT yovelwliurad 5-6 mln lari Seaqvs qveynisbiujetSi 21 . aqedan 2 mln sagzao moZraobis wesebis darRvevidan amoRebuliTanxaa, 4 mln ki _ avtomobilTa registraciidan da marTvis uflebaTa gacemidan(ix. cxrili 2.1.). am Tanxis 40% ubrundeba Sss-s specsaxsrebis saxiT. sagzaopolicia ki finansdeba Sss-s saerTo biujetidan.mdgomareobis analizi gviCvenebs, rom mizanSewonilia saqarTveloSi, ise, rogorcaSS-sa da sxva mowinave qveynebSi, sagzao policiis saxsrebis dagroveba xdebodessagzao fondSi da igi finansdebodes misive Segrovebuli TanxiT. vinaidansagzao moZraobis wesebis darRveva xifaTs uqmnis ara marto moZraobismonawileebsa da avtomobilebs, aramed sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakebsac,aucilebelia, es garemoeba aisaxos saqarTvelos administraciulsamarTldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi. Seqmnili situacia moiTxovs sajarimo sanqciebisgamkacrebasa da sagzao policiisaTvis zaralis anazRaurebis meqanizmTasrulyofas.zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, darRvevebis Sesaxeb sruli informacia undaSevides specialur sainformacio bankSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs dRevandelikanonmdeblobiT mxolod deklarirebuli “bonus-malusis~ principis erT mxares:wesebis damrRvev mZRolebs uuqmdebaT ufleba, SeRavaTiani tarifiT miiRonsavaldebulo dazRvevis polisi, romelic iTvaliswinebs yovelwliurad wesebisdaurRveveli moZraobisaTvis gadasaxadis Semcirebas (mis ganaxevrebamde). amave20«Òðàíñïîðò ÑØÀ, òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç», Ìîñêâà, «Òðàíñïîðò», 1986 ã.21sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos Stabis monacemebi 2000-2003 ww. statistikuri masalebisanalizis mixedviT.149

cxrili 4.1administraciuli gadasaxadi sxvadasxva qveynebSi# darRvevissaxeobasaqarTvelogermaniasafrangeTiniderlandebiitaliaespaneTi1 arasworipiki parkingi5_10 =75 25_70 > 80 > 60 < 1752siCqarisgadaWarbeba15 km/sT20 km/sT30 km/sT5-10 - - - - -- 60-75 180 100 240 >17515-20 - - - - -3 gaswrebaakrZalulmonakveTze45tarebaarafxizelmdgomareobaSiwiTel Suqzegavla15_20 > 80 > 180 160 120 > 17570_80 200_500 < 900 > 360 =2400 > 52515_20 100_400 180 160 > 120 > 175SeniSvna: gadasaxdelebi naCvenebia larebSi, 2001-2003 ww. 1l=0,5 aSS dolarssainformacio bankSi aisaxeba sadazRvevo SemTxvevac, romliTac uqmdeba polisida miyenebuli zaralis mniSvnelobis mixedviT Semdgomi polisis SeZena 50-250%-mde gaZvirdeba, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdis Semosavlebs administraciulisaqmianobidan.rogorc Cans, Tu sagzao policiis administraciuli saqmianobidan Semosulsaxsrebs sagzao fondSi CavricxavT, amiT mWidrod davakavSirebT aRmasrulebelixelisuflebis or rgols, romelTa saerTo mizania avtotransportis efeqtianoba.aucilebelia dainergos marTvis avtomatizebuli sistema. paralelurad “bonusmalusis~principis ganxorcielebiT mkveTrad gaumjobesdeba orive uwyebissaqmianoba da gaizrdeba maTi Semosavlebi. sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelosxelmZRvanelTa gancxadebiT 22 , Tu Semosuli Tanxis nawili moxmardeba muSakTamaterialur stimulirebas, isini dRevandeli normatiuli bazis pirobebSic kiSeZleben, 2-3-jer gazardon jarimebiT Semosuli Tanxa. uaxloes 8-10 weliwadSiavtoparkisa da gadaadgilebebis zrdasTan erTad es Semosavlebi mniSvnelovnadgaizrdeba, sagzao policiis struqturis optimizacia ki Seamcirebs misi Senaxvisxarjebs. sabolood, miviRebT mniSvnelovan ekonomikur efeqts, rac gulisxmobsZviradRirebuli sagzao qselis maqsimalur gamoyenebas ramdenime aTeuljer iafimoZraobis kontrolis xarjze. sagzao policia Seavsebs sagzao fondsac.moZraobis monawileTa mier wesebis darRvevis gamo uaresdeba sagzao moZraobispirobebi, matulobs Seferxebebi, mcirdeba savali nawilis gamtarunarianoba,22sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos avtomagistralebis ganyofilebis ufrosi, policiispolkovniki d. kvirikaSvili, Stabis ufrosi, policiis polkovniki e. qareliSvili.150

ziandeba sagzao nagebobebi. aqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia, rom Semosavlebigadaxdili jarimebidan pirdapir Sediodes sagzao fondSi.amJamad dawesebuli gadasaxadebi unda gaizardos, vinaidan maTi moculoba arSeesabameba sagzao moZraobis fiskaluri datvirTvis moTxovnebs.cxrilSi 4.1 naCvenebia administraciuli kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli saxdelebisagzao moZraobis zogierTi wesebis darRvevisaTvis saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirisqveynebSi (2003 wlis monacemebi). rogorc vxedavT, gansxvaveba Zalze didia.miuxedavad saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa mwiri SesaZleblobebisa, mizanSewoniliagadasaxdelebis sul cota, orjer gazrda. paralelurad, gasaTvaliswinebeliasagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakTa materialuri stimulireba SemosuliTanxebidan. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, inspeqtorebi da mZRolebi garigdebian daSemcirdeba administraciuli saqmianobis am nawilidan miRebuli Tanxebi.5. korufciasTan brZola _ teqnikuri zedamxedvelobaavtosatransporto saSualebebze5.1. teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis miznebi da amocanebisaqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagzao policiis mier avtosatransportosaSualebebze (ass) teqnikuri zedamxedveloba xorcieldeba sagzao moZraobisusafrTxoebisaTvis, “sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebisa” da “policiis Sesaxeb”kanonebis Sesabamisad. 23es kanonebi gansazRvravs saqarTvelos teritoriaze avtomototransportisteqnikuri zedamxedvelobis wesebs, am procesSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTasaministros sagzao policiis sapatrulo samsaxuris danayofebis movaleobebs,saministroebTan, uwyebebTan, fizikur da iuridiul pirebTan urTierTobis formebs.am mimarTulebiT sagzao policiis ZiriTadi amocanebia:a) gaakontrolos qveynis teritoriaze yvela ass-s teqnikuri mdgomareoba;b) ass-s teqnikuri mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT Caataros periodulisaxelmwifo teqnikuri daTvaliereba.5.2. sagzao zedamxedvelobis muSakTa movaleobebisagzao policiis muSakebi teqnikuri zedamxedvelobisas:• amowmeben ass-s konstruqciebis Sesabamisobas moZraobis usafrTxoebismoTxovnebTan;• axdenen avtomobilebis, misabmelebisa da motociklebis periodul teqnikurdaTvalierebas 24 ;• akontroleben warmoeba-dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis mier ass-sgamarTuli muSaobisaTvis Catarebul RonisZiebebs;• amowmeben ass-s da tramvai-troleibusebis teqnikur mdgomareobas _ aris Tuara maTze saqarxno konstruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxvadasxva mowyobilobebi.23saqarTvelos kanoni sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1999 w.24sagzao policiis mier avtosatransporto saSualebebze teqnikuri zedamxedvelobisganxorcielebis wesi, Tbilisi, 18.04.2000w.151

moZraobis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad da gauxsneli avtosagzao SemTxvevebisgamosavlenad akontroleben teqnikuri momsaxurebis obieqtebis mier SekeTebulsatransporto saSualebebs. es ukanaskneli metad mniSvnelovania korufciisgamovlenis TvalsazrisiT. xelosans ara aqvs ufleba, Caataros saTunuqe dasamRebro samuSaoebi, Tu sagzao policiidan ar miiRo sabuTi, rom ziani miyenebuliaregistrirebuli sagzao satransporto SemTxvevis dros.5.3. avtosatransporto saSualebaTa da maTi misabmelebis teqnikuridaTvalierebis Catarebis wesisaqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze moZravi ass-s teqnikuri daTvalierebisganmsazRvrel normatiul aqts warmoadgens teqnikuri daTvalierebis wesi, romelicSemuSavda”sagzao usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad.saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli, eqspluataciaSi da dadgenili wesiTregistrirebuli yvela ass-s teqnikuri mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniTsavaldebuloa perioduli saxelmwifo teqnikuri daTvalierebis gavla.ass-s da maTi misabmelebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba tardeba mTeli wlisganmavlobaSi. am dros xdeba avtosatransporto saSualebaTa teqnikurimdgomareobis Sefaseba, maTi raodenobis, kuTvnilebis, sxva saregistraciomonacemebis dazusteba, tardeba ass-s da maTi nomriani agregatebis xelyofisSemTxvevaTa aRkveTa-acilebis RonisZiebebi.avtotransportis teqnikur daTvalierebas axdens Sss-s saqalaqo da raionuliorganoebis sagzao policiis Sesabamisi samsaxurebi mTavari sammarTvelos mierlicenzirebul diagnostikur centrSi.iuridiuli piris kuTvnili ass-s teqnikuri daTvaliereba dasaSvebiaindividualuri wardgeniT.kerZo mflobelobaSi arsebuli ass-s morig teqnikur daTva­liere­baze wardgenisTariRi ganisazRvreba individualurad, wina daTvalierebis safuZvelze. eswesi xSirad irRveva. avtomflobelTa umravlesoba vadagasuli firniSiTmoZraobs da amjobinebs, sagzao policiels qrTami gadauxados (5 lari).pirebi, romelTa ass konkretul wels ar aris eqspluataciaSi, valdebulniarian, werilobiT acnobon sagzao policias, raTa misma TanamSromlebma teqnikuridaTvalierebis vadaSi moaxdinon drouli reagireba konkretul SemTxvevaze. ammoTxovnebs individualuri mflobelebi ar asruleben. administraciulsamarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi 25,26 jarima ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. am darRvevazeunda dawesdes mkacri sanqcia, vinaidan saqarTveloSi bevri mitovebuliavtomobili dabinZurebisa da kriminalis wyaros warmoadgens.sagzao policiis saqalaqo da raionul danayofebs evalebaT, teqnikuridaTvalierebis dawyebamde aranakleb oci dRiT adre presis, televiziis, radiossaSualebiT Seatyobinon individualur mflobelebs daTvalierebaze wardgenisadgili da teqnikuri daTvalierebis siaxleebi. es moTxovna formaluria. rogorcaraerTxel aRvniSneT, sagzao policiaSi saWiroa informaciisa da propagandisganyofileba, romelic mflobelebs ganumartavs am aqciis aucileblobas.ass-s teqnikuri mdgomareobis efeqturi SemowmebisaTvis es proceduraxorcieldeba licenzirebul diagnostikur centrebSi, sagzao policiis mTavari25saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi26sagzao moZraobis wesebis administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa saqmeTa warmoebis instruqcia(damtkicebulia saqarTvelos Ss ministris #210 brZanebiT, 1993 wlis 15 marti).152

sammarTvelos mier damtkicebuli “ass teqnikuri daTvalierebis Catarebisassakontrolo sazomi xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT diagnostikur centrebSiSesamowmebeli parametrebis nusxis” mixedviT.diagnostikuri centrebi Tavis saqmianobas warmarTaven saqarTvelos prezidentismier damtkicebuli “ass-s teqnikuri daTvalierebis aucilebeli diagnostikuricentrebis licenzirebis pirobebisa da muSaobis Sesaxeb” debulebis Sesabamisad. 27teqnikurad gamarTulad iTvleba ass, romlis teqnikuri mdgomareobac Seesabamebasagzao moZraobis wesebisa da moqmed saxelmwifo standarts 28 . yvela sxvaSemTxvevaSi satransporto saSualeba CaiTvleba gaumarTavad.sagzao policiis inspeqtori teqnikurad gamarTul transportze gascems:avtomobilis teqnikuri daTvalierebis damadasturebel firniSans, romelzecmiTiTebulia momdevno daTvalierebaze wardgenis TariRi. firniSani ZalaSiagacemidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da mas sagzao policiis inspeqtori amagrebsavtomanqanis wina saqare minis marjvena zeda kuTxeSi, xolo teqnikur pasportzeikvreba klifsi. saqare minaze da teqnikur pasportze dasaSvebia mxolod erTimoqmedi firniSnisa da klifsis arseboba.5.4. avtosatransporto sawarmoebis kontroliavtosatransporto sawarmoebSi ass-s teqnikuri kontroli xorcieldeba sagzaopoliciis danayofis mier.mowmdeba iuridiuli pirebis kuTvnili transportis teqnikuri eqspluataciisada remontis pirobebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens satransporto saSualebebisgamarTulobaze.avtosatransporto sawarmoebis kompleqsuri Semowmeba xdeba weliwadSi erTxelmainc. amas iTvaliswinebs sagzao policiis samuSao gegma, masSi miTiTebuliasawarmos dasaxeleba da Semowmebis TariRi.antikorufciuli RonisZiebebis Catareba aucilebelia damatebiTi teqnikuriSemowmebis dros, romelic exeba taqsebs, avtobusebs, satvirTo avtomobilebsa dafurgonebs.gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia mgzavrTa gadasayvanad dasaqmebul avtotransportzeyoveldRiuri winaswari samedicino da teqnikuri Semowmeba sawarmoebSi,avtosadgurebSi, gamSveb sakontrolo punqtebSi, sadac korufcia farTodaagavrcelebuli.avtosatransporto sawarmoebis Semowmeba xdeba sagzao policiis TanamSromlebisada maTive xelmZRvanelobiT Seqmnili komisiis mier. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSiteqnikuri mdgomareobis Semmowmebeli komisiis SemadgenlobaSi SesaZlebeliaSeiyvanon sxva specialistebic.Tu avtosatransporto sawarmoebSi ar aris saremonto baza da teqnikuri samsaxuri,ass-s teqnikuri mdgomareobis yoveldRiuri kontroli evaleba mZRolebs. esukanasknelni, rogorc wesi, zereled asruleben am moTxovnas. xSiria teqnikuradgaumarTavi avtomobilebis eqspluatacia da am mizeziT gamowveuli sagzaosatransportoSemTxvevebi.27saxelmwifo standarti 25 478-91, moTxovnebi avtosatransporto saSualebaTa teqnikurimdgomareobis Sesaxeb, gamomdinare moZraobis usafrTxoebis pirobebidan.28saxelmwifo standarti 5727-99; moTxovnebi avtosatransporto saSualebaTa teqnikuri mdgomareobisSesaxeb, gamomdinare moZraobis usafrTxoebis pirobebidan.153

5.5. sagzao kontrolisatransporto saSualebaTa teqnikuri mdgomareobis kontroli sagzaozedamxedvelobis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia, igi avlens da krZalavs teqnikuradgaumarTav ass-s eqspluatacias, rac saSiSroebas uqmnis moZraobis usafrTxoebas.Semowmeba gzebze xorcieldeba SerCeviT: Tu aSkaradaa gamokveTili uwesrigoba;Tu avtomobilma droulad ar gaiara teqnikuri daTvaliereba; roca avtomobilebisagzao policiasTan SeuTanxmeblad aris dakompleqtebuli sxva modeliselementebiT.quCaSi Semowmebas ar eqvemdebareba saswrafo daxmarebis, saxanZro, safosto,sainkasatoro, avariul-teqnikuri samsaxuris, uSiSroebis, Sss-s, Tavdacvissaministros, radioaqtiuri tvirTis gadasatani da sxva operatiuli daniSnulebisavtomanqanebi; aseve diplomatiuri _ saerTaSoriso organizaciebis kuTvnilituristuli manqanebi, taqsebi (mgzavrebiT), avtobusebi da mosavlis aRebaze momuSavekolonaSi myofi avtomanqanebi.unda aRiniSnos, rom aucilebelia debulebis Sesabamisi muxlis 29 koreqtireba,raTa nebadarTuli iyos saerTaSoriso organizaciebis kuTvnili taqsebis,avtobusebis da a.S. SeCereba, Tu amis saWiroeba arsebobs.gzebze ass-s teqnikuri mdgomareobis kontroli gaTvaliswinebulia sagzaopoliciis gegmaSi, romelSic miTiTebulia miznobrivi reidebis Catarebis adgilida dro.sagzao policiis muSaki valdebulia, akrZalos teqnikurad gaumarTavi ass-seqspluatacia da gaataros kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi.5.6. arsebuli fiskaluri politika, mosakrebelTa moculoba dadiagnostikuri momsaxurebis fasebisaqarTvelos kanonis 30 Tanaxmad, avtomobils weliwadSi erTxel unda Cautardesteqnikuri daTvaliereba.avtomflobelma sakuTari an misi marTvis qveS myofi satransporto saSualebateqnikur daTvalierebaze unda waradginos gamarTul mdgomareobaSi. amasTan,avtomobilSi aucileblad unda iyos cecxlsaqrobi da wamlebis nakrebi, e.w.,,afTiaqi”.satransporto saSualebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba iwyeba diagnostikuricentridan, sadac xdeba avtomobilis Semowmeba yvela parametriT: ra mdgomareobaSiasamuxruWe sistema, saWis meqanizmi, kvebis sistema, rogoria saburavebi, saqare minada sxv. Tu diagnostikuri Semowmebisas gamovlinda raime defeqti da misiadgilze SekeTeba SesaZlebelia, amisaTvis avtomflobeli ixdis damatebiT Tanxas,xolo Tu defeqtis adgilze SekeTeba ver xerxdeba, mis aRmosafxvrelad mflobelseZleva vada. Tu avtomflobelma xarvezi xuT dReSi ver gamoaswora, diagnostikuriSemowmebisas gadaxdili Tanxa Zaladakargulad iTvleba.TbilisSi registrirebuli ass SeiZleba Semowmdes dedaqalaqis nebismierdiagnostikur centrSi, firniSnis misaRebad ki mflobelma unda miakiTxosraionis sagzao policias, sadac avtomobilia registrirebuli.29muxli7.3. debuleba sagzao policiis mier avtosatransporto saSualebebze teqnikurizedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis wesi, Tbilisi, 2000 wlis 18 aprili.30saqarTvelos kanoni sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1999 w.154

sagzao fondis mosakreblebis odenoba damokidebulia satransporto saSualebaTatvirTamweobaze. avtosatransporto saSualebis gamonabolqvis, anTebisa da kvebissistemis SemowmebisaTvis gadasaxadi Seadgens 5 lars.Tu gamonabolqvSi mavne airebis raodenoba normaze metia, avtomflobelTanSeTanxmebiT ekolog-operatoris mier xdeba misi daregulireba, risTvisacdamatebiTi gadasaxadia 3 lari.diagnostikuri Semowmebis fasebi:msubuqi avtomobilebisaTvis _ 7 lariavtobusebisaTvis 25-mde adgiliT _ 10 lariavtobusebisaTvis 25 da meti adgiliT _ 13 larisatvirTo avtomobilebisaTvis:2 tonamde tvirTamweobis _ 10 lari2 tonaze meti tvirTamweobis _ 13 lariavtosatransporto saSualebis teqnikuri daTvalierebis damadasturebeli saqareminaze dasakravi firniSisa da teqnikur pasportSi Casakravi klifsis saerToRirebuleba 1 laria. maT gascems im raionis avtoinspeqciis warmomadgeneli,sadac teqdaTvalierebagavlili satransporto saSualebaa aRricxuli.TbilisSi 16 sadiagnostiko centria, maT garda analogiuri centrebi muSaobssaqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, yvela raionul centrsa da qalaqSi. maTisaerTo raodenobaa 32.am dawesebulebebis muSaobis gaumjobesebisa da korufciis aRmofxvris erTerTipirobaa maTi gaerTianeba 2-3 msxvili mflobelis xelSi. es saSualebasmogvcems, Tanxebis racionaluri ganawilebiT amaRldes momsaxurebis kultura,gaumjobesdes sadiagnostiko mowyobilobebi, Tanamedrove teqnologiebisgamoyenebiT minimumamde davides avtomflobelis (mZRolis) da sadiagnostikocentris operatorebis uSualo kontaqtis xangrZlivoba, uzrunveliyosdiagnostikis Sedegebis Senaxva centralur sainformacio bankSi da monacemebidauyovnebliv gaices dainteresebul iuridiul da fizikur pirebze.5.7. mosakreblebis arsebuli sistema, korufciuli fasdebebi daCrdilovani Semosavlebis moculoba1996 wlamde teqdaTvalierebebs sagzao policia formalurad atarebda. yuradRebaeqceoda mxolod vizualur suraTs. didi iyo korufciuli garigebis albaToba.teqnikuri daTvalierebis Catareba StampiT aRiniSneboda Zveli nimuSis teqnikurpasportSi. Tanxis odenoba damokidebuli iyo avtomobilis tipze, bankSi asaRebiqviTris fasi meryeobda 3-5 laramde. maSindeli avtoinspeqciis muSakissafuZvliani Tu usafuZvlo pretenziebis dasakmayofileblad avtomflobeliqrTamis saxiT ixdida aranakleb 5 dolars.gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolos da 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelosavtoparki 600 aTas erTeuls aWarbebda. Sesabamisad, SegviZlia gamoviangariSoTmaSindeli avtoinspeqciis Crdilovani Semosavlis minimaluri odenoba.600 000 × 5 $ = 3 800 000 aSS dolari weliwadSi155

im wlebSi teqnikuri daTvalierebidan miRebuli Semosavali 3-4 mln aSS dolarsaRwevda da amisTvis ar iyo saWiro specialuri mowyobiloba, inteleqtualuriTu fizikuri Zalebis daZabva. amdenad, saaRricxvo-teqnikur ganyofilebaSi muSaobasarfianad iTvleboda. rigiT muSakad dasaniSnad ixdidnen 1 000 $-mde, xoloraionuli da saqalaqo samsaxuris xelmZRvanelad daniSvna ramdenime aTasidanramdenime aTeul aTas dolaramde Rirda. qrTamis moculobas gansazRvravdateritoriaze registrirebuli avtomobilebis raodenoba. magaliTad, im periodSimestiis raionSi registrirebuli iyo 800-mde avtomobili, cagerSi – 1400,ambrolaurSi – 2500, zugdidSi – 21000, zestafonSi – 15000, gorSi, mcxeTasa daTelavSi _ 16000-mde, quTaisSi _ 30000, TbilisSi – 140000. gansakuTrebiT Semosavlianiiyo qvemo qarTli (marneuli, bolnisi, dmanisi). aq 20 aTasamde avtomobilsiTvlidnen. regionSi ZiriTadad araqarTvelebi cxovroben, romelTac qarTuladdawerili instruqciisa araferi gaegebodaT.1992-93 wlebSi avtoparkma mkveTrad iwyo Semcireba. es ZiriTadad satvirToavtomobilebis xarjze xdeboda. paralelurad dasavleT evropidan daiwyo naxmari,10-15 wlis avtomobilebis, ZiriTadad, msubuqi avtomanqanebisa da mikroavtobusebisSemotana.avtoparkis teqnikuri mdgomareobis realuri kontrolisTvis da gaumarTaviavtomobilebis moZraobiT gamowveuli safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad saWirogaxda, mowinave qveynebis msgavsad saqarTveloSic danergiliyo savaldebulo,perioduli, instrumentuli kontroli. am mizniT respublikis mTavrobam 1995wels miiRo Sesabamisi dadgenileba 31 , romlis Tanaxmad teqnikuri mdgomareobiskontroli da diagnostika daevala kerZo seqtors, xolo am saqmianobazelicenziebs gascemda da teqnikur zedamxedvelobas warmarTavda sagzao policiismTavari sammarTvelo. zemoxsenebulma sistemam funqcionireba daiwyo 1996 wels.fasdebebi dadginda avtomobilis tipis mixedviT. teqnikuri daTvalierebisfirniSis misaRebad dawesda sagzao fondisa da savaldebulo dazRvevisgadasaxadi.5.8. korufciis mizezebi, meqanizmi da Crdilovani Semosavlebi5.8.1. korufciis gamomwvevi mizezebiteqdaTvalierebis sferoSi korufciis mTavari mizezia muSakTa dabali xelfasida avtomobilebis arasaxarbielo teqnikuri mdgomareoba. teqdaTvalierebismoTxovnaTa sruli dacvis SemTxvevaSi avtoparkis sami meoTxedi ver miiRebdamoZraobis uflebas. xelmZRvanelTa mxridan Zaldataneba da meqrTameobisxelSewyoba, umaRlesi xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa Careva da maTi interesebislobireba Segnebulad xdeboda. arasrulyofili sakanonmdeblo bazac amiTSeiZleba aixsnas.debuleba Sedgenili iyo ise, rom avtomobilTa diferenciacia da sagzao fondis,savaldebulo dazRvevisa da teqnikuri daTvalierebis mosakreblebi gaurkveveliiyo. es iwvevda avtomflobelTa dezorientacias da maTi umravlesoba ixdidawinaswar dasaxelebul jamur Tanxas, romelic, rogorc wesi, orjer aWarbebdaoficialur mosakrebels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ass ver iRebda dadebiT Sefasebas.sadiagnostiko momsaxurebis fasebi gavlenian pirTa lobirebis gamo araTanabradiyo ganawilebuli. avtomobilis Semowmeba toqsikurobaze, faqtobrivad, korufciis31saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis dadgenileba #601, Tbilisi, 28 seqtemberi,1995 weli.156

wyaros warmoadgenda. daaxloebiT 40 aTas dolarad Rirebuli instrumentebiT4 parametris Semowmebas 25-30 wT sWirdeboda da Rirda imdenive, rac 200-300-dolariani xelsawyoTi 5-wuTiani kontroli. debulebiT dRemde dasaSvebiaairgamanawilebeli sistemis iqve daregulireba damatebiT 3 larad. saWiroebismiuxedavad, debuleba ar iTvaliswinebs teqdaTvalierebis zust TariRs. yvelaamjobinebs, miakiTxos wlis bolos, teqdaTvalierebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, raciwvevs rigebs da xels uwyobs qrTamis fasad teqdaTvalierebis sabuTisukontrolod miRebas.5.8.3. Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculoba1996-99 ww. sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos monacemebiT, Catardamilionamde teqdaTvaliereba. gamarTuli aRmoCnda avtoparkis daaxloebiT 70%.aqedan 75%-s Seadgenda msubuqi avtomobilebi, 15%-s _ satvirTo manqanebi, xolo10%-s _ avtobusebi. sadiagnostiko sadgurebSi Catarebulma dakvirvebam daavtomflobelTa gamokiTxvam gviCvena, rom msubuq manqanaze ukanono gadasaxadiSeadgenda saSualod 50 lars, satvirToze – 100 lars. avtobusebs daTvalierebaorjer utardeboda, saerTo jamSi mflobelebi zedmetad ixdidnen 100 lars.Sesabamisad, am periodSi Crdilovanma Semosavlebma Seadgina:(0,75 ⋅ 50 + 0,15 ⋅ 100 + 0,10 ⋅ 100) ⋅ 1 000 000 0,70 = 43,75 mln lari, anu daaxloebiT25 mln dolari maSindeli kursiT.sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos monacemebiT, 2000-2003 wlebis teqnikuridaTvalierebis statistika aseTia:Cautarda diagnostikaaRmoCnda gamarTuliprocentiwlebiaRricxuliass, aTasiraodenobaprocentiraodenobadiagnostirebulidanparkidan2000 318.223 244.376 76.8 137.288 56.20 43.142001 323.584 279.196 86.3 195.192 70.0 60.322002 327.134 271.831 83.09 187.471 68.97 57.302003 326.111 236.755 72.60 190.346 80.40 58.37am periodSi sul Catarda 1 032 200 Semowmeba, gamarTuli aRmoCnda saSualod69%. 2000 wlis 11 oqtombridan 32 amoqmedda kanoni, romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelosparlamentma gaanaxevra mosakrebelTa odenoba da servisuli momsaxurebisfasdebebi. saTanadod, Seicvala avtoparkis struqturac: msubuqi avtomobiligaxda 80%, satvirTo _ 12%, avtobusi _ 8%. Sesabamisad, 2000-2003 wlebSi CrdilovaniSemosavlebis savaraudo raodenobam miaRwia:[(0,75×0,50+0,15×100+0,10×100)×250000+(0,80×25+0,12×0,50+0,08×50)×782200]×0,69==36,8186 milion lars, anu imdroindeli kursiT 18,4 milion aSS dolars _saSualod 4,6 milion dolars weliwadSi.32saqarTvelos zogierTi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi,2000 wlis 11 oqtomberi.157

5.8.3. daskvnacifrebi gviCvenebs, rom am sferoSi korufciasTan brZolas udidesi mniSvnelobaaqvs. naTelia, rom mTavrobis gadawyvetilebam, Seemcirebina mosakreblebi, SeamciraCrdilovani Semosavlebic. Tu maTi saSualo moculoba 1996-1999 ww. Seadgenda6,25 mln aSS dolars weliwadSi, 2000-2003 wlebSi igi 4,5 mln dolaramde Semcirda.amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove sadiagnostiko, sakontroloinstrumentebis kompleqtis Rirebuleba 50 aTas aSS dolaramdea. misi gamoyenebaekonomikurad gamarTlebuli rom iyos, saWiroa am teqnologiurma xazma Caataros10 000-mde diagnostika saSualod 10-12 dolarad. 1996-1999 ww. fasdebebi korufciuldanamatebTan erTad uzrunvelyofda sadiagnostiko centrebis funqcionirebas.2000 wlidan ki fasebis ganaxevrebis gamo instrumentulma diagnostikamsaqarTveloSi formaluri xasiaTi SeiZina. am sferoSi mdgomareobisgasaumjobeseblad aucilebelia mTeli rigi faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba daSedegebis prognozireba. aucilebelia, agreTve, Sedegebis Rrma analizi dakompleqsur RonisZiebaTa dasaxva, riTac moxerxdeba am sferos yvela maCveneblisgaumjobeseba da ara erTi romelime nawilisa meoris gauaresebis xarjze. aqedangamomdinare, unda aRiniSnos, rom parlamentis zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetilebaufro Sedegiani iqneboda, konkretuli parametrebi saTanadod argumentirebulirom yofiliyo.2003 wlis noembris cnobili movlenebis Semdeg korufciasTan SeurigebelmabrZolam Tavisi Sedegebi gamoiRo. Catarebulma gamokiTxvebma gviCvena, rom amJamadsadiagnostiko centrebSi korufciuli danamati 2-3 lars ar aWarbebs da igiwarmoadgens qviTrebSi fiqsirebuli Tanxis damrgvalebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, romamJamad am sferoSi korufcia minimumamdea dasuli, magram ar unda daviviwyoT, romxelovnurad, populisturi mosazrebebiT Semcirebulma tarifma faqtobrivadSewyvita instrumentuli diagnostika. amave dros, yofili prezidentis klanismier monopolizebuli 33 ekologiuri Semowmebis fasebi dausabuTebladaa gazrdili,sul cota, samjer. saWiroa rigi RonisZiebebis Catareba, romlebic maqsimaluradSeamcirebs korufcias, SemogvTavazebs sadiagnostiko momsaxurebis realur fasebsda uzrunvelyofs instrumentuli kontrolis maRal doneze Catarebas.5.9. avtosatransporto saSualebebis teqnikuri kontrolisa dakorufciasTan brZolis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebebi5.9.1. sakiTxis aqtualobaavtomobilis teqnikuri mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs moZraobisusafrTxoebas, saavtomobilo transportis ekonomikur efeqturobas daekologiurobas. amitomac teqnikuri kontrolis organizeba, misi miznebisa daamocanebis gansazRvra, teqnikuri da sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa, teqnikurikontrolis procesebis marTva da masSi korufciis aRmofxvra sagzaozedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo organos muSaobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa.5.9.2. kontrolis centrebis daniSnuleba, damatebiTi kontrolisaucileblobateqnikuri kontrolis centrebis mizania, daadginos moZraobis usafrTxoebis,ekonomiurobisa da ekologiurobis uzrunvelmyofi kvanZebis, agregatebisa dasistemebis teqnologiuri mdgomareoba, Seafasos isini da dasaxos maTigaumjobesebis gzebi.33“raki prezidentis disSvili var, saqme ar unda vakeTo?”, “kviris palitra”, 22-28 seqtemberi, 2003 w.158

msoflio gamocdilebis, saqarTvelos saavtomobilo parkisa da sagzao qselisarsebuli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve maTi ganviTarebisaTvismizanSewonilia, instrumentuli kontrolis centrebSi periodulad CatardesSemdegi samuSaoebi:1. samuxruWe sistemebis gamocda;2. saWis meqanizmis jamuri folxvis dadgena;3. gare ganaTebis saSualebebis, maT Soris saTavo farebis Semowmeba;4. gamonabolqvis toqsikologiuri analizi;5. Tvlebis geometriis Semowmeba;6. Zravis Semowmeba kompresiisa da sawvavis xarjvis mxriv;7. avtomobilis darCenili resursis Sefaseba (utardeba 15 da meti wlis avtomobilebs).avtomobilis pirveli 6 saxeobis kontrolis win vizualurad mowmdeba amwezedayenebuli avtomobilis Zara, dakidebis, saWis da muxruWebis meqanizmebi. xdeba maTiSedareba savaldebulo servis-baraTis monacemebTan (avariul an sxva eqstremalurpirobebSi miRebuli dazianebebis SekeTebis xarisxi, SekeTebis adgili da dro).mocemul modelze qarxnis mier rekomendebuli perioduli servisis Sesruleba_ Semowmebis Sedegebi fasdeba amowuruli resursiT procentebSi.avtomobilis Semdgomi eqspluataciisTvis gaicema rekomendaciebi da Sesabamisaddgindeba savaldebulo dazRvevisa da avtomobilis flobaze mosakreblis gazrdisxarisxi.kompresiis Semowmeba – iZleva Zravis samuxruWe da dinamikuri Tvisebebis Sefasebas,rac aucilebelia samTo da daserili reliefis pirobebSi.sawvavis xarjis Semowmeba – iZleva Zravis ekonomiuri da ekologiuri maxasiaTeblebisSefasebis saSualebas, rac aucilebelia Cveni moZvelebuli avtoparkisaTvis.5.9.3. kontrolis centrebisaTvis saWiro Tanamedrove aRWurvilobakontrolis centrebi aucileblad unda aRiWurvos Tanamedrove sakontroloxelsawyoebiT (sasurvelia, evropuli warmoebisa) dakompleqtebuli sadiagnostikoxazebiT. yoveli xazi unda iyos specializebuli _ emsaxurebodes msubuqavtomobilebsa da mikroavtobusebs an satvirToebsa da avtobusebs. dasaSvebiauniversaluri daniSnulebis xazebic.korufciis Tavidan asacileblad yovel diagnostikur xazs unda emsaxurebodesTavisi kompiuteri, romelsac sazomi mowyobiloba avtomaturad gadascems Sedegebs.yovel sakontrolo xelsawyoze aucilebelia Sesabamisi danadgari displeiT,romelzedac gamoisaxeba kontrolis Sedegi.avtomobilis teqnikuri mdgomareobis kontrolis Sedegebi, mflobelisa daavtomobilis rekvizitebiT, kontrolis TariRiT Sedis kontrolis centriskompiuterul mexsierebaSi, romelic gadaecema sagzao zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifoorganos sainformacio banks. garkveuli monacemebi gadaecema Sss-s sapatrulosamsaxuris sainformacio centrs ssS-ze an avtomobilis gatacebis faqtzeoperatiuli reagirebisTvis.sadiagnostiko-sakontrolo specialuri xazebis mwarmoeblebi 34 erTi avtomobiliskontrolisaTvis saWiro drod miiCneven 8-12 wuTs. magram sazRvargareTuli34Objectif securite. Le contrôle technique des vehicules. Ministere de l’industrie et du Commerce Exterieur, Paris 2000159

praqtikisa da Cveni SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilia, xazebisgamtarunarianobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyenoT 20-25 wuTi. Sesabamisad, erTi xaziswliuri gamtaroba iqneba arau metes 12000, weliwadSi 300 samuSao dRisa daorcvliani muSaobis pirobebSi.kontrolis centrebis Seuferxebeli muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia aranakleb 20kvt simZlavris dizel-generatori, romelic uzrunvelyofs eleqtroenergiasarastabiluri Zabvisa da sixSiris, agreTve denis sruli gamorTvis SemTxvevaSi.mizanSewonilia, sakontrolo-sadiagnostiko xazebi damontaJdes maTTvisspecialurad gankuTvnil SenobebSi (modulebSi). Sesabamisad, mizanSewoniliasavaldebulo teqnikuri kontrolis sadguris mTliani kompleqtis SeZena, racuzrunvelyofs rTuli eleqtronuli aparaturis gamarTul muSaobas, Seqmnisoptimalur pirobebs personalisaTvis, uzrunvelyofs komfortsavtomflobelebisaTvis. zemoxsenebuli kompleqtis fasi (Camotanis, montaJis,personalis swavlebis CaTvliT) da kapitaldabandebaTa amoRebis realuri vadebimoiTxovs, dawesdes erTi kontrolisTvis 10-12 aSS dolari. dRevandeli fasebiTinstrumentuli kontroli SeuZlebelia, igi formaluria da korufciis wyaroswarmoadgens.mizanSewonilia, kontrolis centrs hqondes saamqro servisuli ubnebiT, romelicuzrunvelyofs gamovlenili dazianebebis operatiul aRmofxvras, Tuki mflobelsamisi survili eqna. eleqtronul aparaturaze sakontrolod daiSveba mxolodsufTa avtomobili. amdenad, yvela centrisaTvis aucilebelia specialurimowyobilobebiT aRWurvili avtomobilebis samrecxao.aucilebelia avtosadgomi aranakleb aTi didgabaritiani avtomobilisaTvis,agreTve avtomflobelTa mosacdeli oTaxi da saTanado sanitaruli kvanZi.zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sadiagnostiko centris saerTo farTobi undaSeadgendes aranakleb 1200 m 2 , aqedan ezo _ 600 m 2 , Senoba _ 600 m 2 , 6 m simaRlis,romelic aRWurvili unda iyos gamwovi ventilaciiT.5.9.4. sakontrolo centrebis qseli da misi organizaciulistruqturakontrolis procesSi korufciasTan sabrZolvelad, agreTve sakontroloaparaturis Rirebulebisa da kapitaldabandebaTa efeqturi gamoyenebisTvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilia regionuli sakontrolo centrebis Seqmna,romelTa gamtarunarianoba erTi sakontrolo xazis pirobebSi iqneba daaxloebiT15000 avtomobili weliwadSi. mizanSewonilia, erTi xazi daitvirTos ara umetes13000 manqaniT weliwadSi.yvela sakontrolo centri iqneba kerZo mflobelobaSi da saqmianobis uflebasmiiRebs konkursis wesiT. am uflebas gascems sagzao zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifoorganosTan arsebuli sertifikaciisa da licenzirebis samsaxuri, romelicunda Seiqmnas standartebis saxelmwifo komitetTan da Sss-Tan SeTanxmebiT.yvela sakontrolo centri unda iZleodes etapobrivi ganviTarebisa da axalisakontrolo xazis (xazebis) damatebis garantias. amisaTvis aucilebelia, konkursSimonawile firmis yovelwliuri kapitali 5 aSS dolars aRwevdes. uxarisxodSesrulebuli samuSaos, fasdebebis darRvevis an korufciuli da sxva qmedebisgamovlenisas licenzia gauqmdeba da sagarantio kapitali Cairicxeba sagzaofondis angariSze.mizanSewonilia, saamortizacio xarji Seadgendes sakontrolo mowyobilebisRirebulebis 20%-s, raTa yovel 5 weliwadSi moxdes misi ganaxleba. Senoba-160

nagebobebisa da sxva aRWurvilobis saamortizacio xarji sasurvelia Seadgendes10%-s, riTac moxerxdeba maTi ganaxleba 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi. firmas eZlevakontrolis 5-wliani ufleba. avtomobilebis savaldebulo teqnikur kontrolsaxorcielebs mxolod sagzao zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo organos mieruflebamosili firmebi. igive saxelmwifo organo gascems kontrolis gavlisdamadasturebel niSans saqare minaze misakravad. saxelmwifo departamentislicenzirebisa da sertificirebis samsaxuri perioduli da SerCeviTi kontrolissafuZvelze gadawyvets 5-wliani vadis gagrZelebas an mis vadamdel Sewyvetas.vadamdeli Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sagarantio Tanxa jarimis saxiT gadairicxebasagzao fondSi.5.9.5. avtomobilebis kontrolis grafikikorufciasTan efeqtianad brZolisaTvis ZviradRirebuli aparaturis sworadgamoyenebisa da kerZo kapitalis racionaluri dabandebisaTvis aucilebelia,mkacrad iqnes daculi savaldebulo kontrolze misvlis grafiki. grafikiuzrunvelyofs diagnostikuri centrebis Tanabar datvirTvas da gamoricxavsrigebis warmoqmnas.grafikis safuZvelia avtomobilis saregistracio nomris sami cifri. pirvelicifri miuTiTebs kontrolze misvlis Tves, meore cifri _ avtomflobelisgankargulebaSi arsebul sam dRes. mesame cifri miuTiTebs, dRis romel naxevarSiunda mivides klienti. kenti ricxvi Seesabameba pirvel cvlas, luwi ricxvi –meores.cifri0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9misvlisTvemartiaprilimaisiivnisiivlisiagvistoseqtemberioqtomberinoemberidekemberimisvlisdRe1-2-3 4-5-6 7-8-9 10-11-12 13-14-15 16-17-18 19-20-21 22-23-24 25-26-27 28-29-30-31magaliTad: ABD 123-nomriani avtomanqanisOMmflobeli yovelwliurad mivasakontrolo centrSi aprilis 7-8-9 ricxvebSi, pirvel cvlaSi.vinc ver SeZlebs xsenebuli grafikis dacvas, ufleba aqvs, mivides sarezervoTveebSi, ianvar-TebervalSi nomris mixedviT SerCeul dResa da cvlaSi.zemoxsenebuli grafikis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi klients SeuZlia sasurvel drosmisvla kontrolis Casatareblad, magram am SemTxvevaSi kontrolis Rirebulebagaizrdeba ramdenjerme da damatebiTi Tanxa gadairicxeba sagzao fondisangariSze.161

5.9.6. kontrolis periodulobaavtomobilebis savaldebulo instrumentuli kontrolis periodulobasgansazRvravs avtomobilis daniSnuleba da eqspluataciis vada.avtomobilisasaki,daniSnuleba1 wlamde2 wlamde2-5 wlamde5-10 wlamde10-15wlamde15 welzemetisatvirTo,msubuqi,mopedi,motociklitaqsi,mikroavtobusi,avtobusi,operatiulidaniSnulebisada sxvaspecavtomobilebisavaldebulogadasaxadebistarifebis zrda,%_ _ 1 1 21 1 2 3 3speckomisiisgavlis Semdeg2speckomisiisgavlis Semdeg3_ _ 20 30 5015 da meti wlis avtomobilebi yoveli wlis dasawyisSi pirvel teqnikur kontrolsspecialur komisiaze gadian, romelic afasebs avtomobilis resurss da iZlevarekomendacias eqspluataciaSi misi datovebis mizanSewonilobaze. komisiayalibdeba sagzao transportis departamentis, sagzao zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifoorganosa da Sss-s sapatrulo samsaxuris warmomadgenlebisgan.5.9.7. damatebiTi kontrolis aucileblobasaqarTvelos saavtomobilo parki Sedgeba moZvelebuli, yofili ssrk-s andasavluri warmoebis avtomobilebisagan. aseT viTarebaSi marto gamonabolqviskvamlianobisa da toqsikurobis gazomva araa sakmarisi.garemos dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia SemoviRoT damatebiTisakontrolo parametri: mocemuli avtomobilis Zravis mier sawvavis xarjvaramdenad aWarbebs nominalur sidides.angariSis safuZvlad viRebT sawvavis kuTri xarjis sidides g/cx.Z.sT, romlistransformirebas vaxdenT gazomvis operatiulad da droulad Catarebis mizniTSemdeg pirobebSi:gazomvis xangrZlivoba _ 1 wuTi sadrosele faris 100%-iani gaxsnis pirobebSi.gasazomi xelsawyo _ menzura.Sesabamisad, Zravis mier 1 wuTSi daxarjuli sawvavis moculobis nominalurisidide iqneba:g = k ⋅ g e⋅ N eml/wT-Sisadac: g eZravis nominaluri kuTri xarjia g/cx.Z.sT-SiN e _Sesabamisi simZlavre cx.Z.-Sik koeficienti damokidebulia sawvavis saxeobaze162

kontrolis stacionaruli centrebis Cven mier rekomendebuliganlageba saqarTvelos teritoriaze# regioni raionebiavtomobilTaraodenobacentrebisadgilsamyofeli,raodenobaxobsa da senaksSoris, 1sakontroloxazebisraodenoba1samegrelo yvela raioni 20 0002svaneTi _ 800 mobiluri centri 12 guria _ 13 000 ozurgeTi, 1 13 aWaramobiluri centri, 1Suaxevi da xulo,38 000 qobuleTi, 12sxva raionebibaTumi, 124 raWaleCxumi5 imereTi6 SidaqarTli7 qvemoqarTli8 samcxejavaxeTi9 mcxeTamTianeTi10 kaxeTi11 Tbilisi12 afxazeTi13 cxinvalicageri, lentexioni, ambrolauri3 000 mobiluri centri 1quTaisi, wyaltubo,xoni20 000 quTaisi, 1 2baRdaTi, samtredia,vani10 000 samtredia, 1 1tyibuli, Terjola,zestafoni, WiaTura, 17 000 Terjola, 1 2saCxere, xaragaulixaSuri, qareli,kaspi, gori20 000 gori, 1 2TeTriwyaro,walka, dmanisi10 000 TeTriwyaro, 1 1rusTavi, gardabani 20 000 rusTavi, 1 2bolnisi, marneuli 15 000 bolnisi, 1 1axalcixe, adigeni,aspinZa12 000 axalcixe, 1 1axalqalaqi,ninowminda11 000 axalqalaqi, 1 1mcxeTa, duSeTi,TianeTi, yazbegi, 14 000 duSeTi, 1 1axalgorigurjaani, sagarejo 15 000 kaWreTi, 1 1axmeta, Telavi,yvareli14 000 Telavi, 1 1siRnaRi, lagodexi,dedofliswyaroteritoriisaRmosavleT nawili13 000 wnori, 1 140 000kaxeTisgzatkecili, 1 3centraluri nawili 40 000 saburTalo-vake, 1 3dasavleT nawili 40 000 gldani, 1 3mobiluri centri 1kodoris xeoba, sxvagagra, 11_raionebi:gulrifSi, 11oCamCiere, 11java, kvaisa,cxinvali_mobiluricentri, 111163

(k = 0,020 benzinisaTvis, k = 0,022 solaris zeTisaTvis). nominaluri xarjidangadaWarbeba fasdeba Semdegnairad:g faqt ≤ 1,15g g faqt ≤ 1,15 ÷ 1,30g g faqt > 1,3 gavtomobiligamarTuliasaWiroa sawvavisaparaturis regulirebaavtomobili gaumarTavia,saWiroa sawvaviaparaturis remontisaqarTvelos sagzao qselSi gzis aradamakmayofilebeli mdgomareobis gamoaucilebelia avtomobilis moWidebis efeqturobis instrumentuli Sefaseba.uamisod SeuZlebelia amonaburcebsa da ormoebze gavlisas mdgradi kursisSenarCuneba, Sesabamisad, usafrTxo moZraoba.5.9.8. avtomobilebis teqnikuri mdgomareobissaxazo kontroliSss-s sapatrulo samsaxurisa da sagzao zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo organosegidiT arsebuli savaldebulo kontrolis centrebs Soris funqciebisgadanawilebisaTvis mizanSewonilia, kontrolis stacionarulma da mobilurmacentrma Caataros mxolod debulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebi. amasTan,kontrolze ar dauSvas avtomobilebi, romelTa Zaris, saqare minis, maSuqebisa daa.S. mdgomareoba vizualuri kontroliT ar Seesabameba moTxovnebs. aqsesuarebida damatebiTi mowyobiloba, romelTa Secvla iolia (mag; saburavebi), sakontrolopunqtebSi ar isinjeba.Sss-s sapatrulo policia axorcielebs saxazo kontrols. mis funqciebSi Sedisavtomobilis rekvizitebisa da mZRolis sabuTebis, savaldebulo dazRvevispolisis da servisuli wignakis identifikacia, agreTve mowmdeba avtomobilisdamcavi mowyobilobis muSaoba, saburavebis mdgomareoba: cveTis xarisxi, zoma,konstruqciis gamarTuloba, spidometris an taqografis mdgomareoba, usafrTxoebisRvedebi, borblis diskebisa da WanWikebis mdgomareoba, maSuqebis, Suqis arekvlis,saSxefarebis, sarkeebis mdgomareoba, minis Camwevebi, Camrecxi, gamaTbobeli damberavi xelsawyoebis muSaoba, afTiaqis, cecxlsaqrobisa da saavario niSani:saWis folxva, xmovani signali, xelisa da fexis muxruWebis muSaoba.moZraobis usafrTxoebis gamauaresebeli damatebiTi aqsesuarebi;fardebi da tonirebuli minebi. 35dagorebis sawinaaRmdego sabjenebi 3,5 t-ze meti saerTo wonis satvirToebsa da5 t-ze meti wonis avtobusebze.saqarTvelos iurisdiqciaSi myof teritoriaze saWiroa sul 20 stacionarulicentri 33 xaziT. yvela centrs unda hqondes 1-2 damatebiTi xazis resursi.svaneTis, raWa-leCxumis, yazbegis da a.S. mTiani adgilebis momsaxurebamizanSewonilia mobiluri centriT, romelic stacionarebis sarezervofunqciasac Seasrulebs.35tonirebuli minebis Suqgamtaroba mowmdeba saxelmwifo standartis ÃÎÑÒ 5727-99 moTxovnebismixedviT.164

6. korufcia da masTan brZola satransporto saSualebebis, maTimisabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebis registraciisas6.1. registraciis wesebi da daniSnulebasatransporto saSualebebis, maTi misabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebis (Sasi,Zara, Zravi da a.S.) savaldebulo registraciis mizania sag­zao sferoSisaxelmwifoebrivi aRricxvis mwyobri sistemis Seqmna “sagzao moZraobisusafrTxoebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad. am kanonis 36me-9 muxli adgens im ass-s registraciis wess 37 , romlis Zravis moculoba 50sm 3 -zemetia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos da ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs, moqalaqeobis armqonepirebs, rogorc sajaro, ise kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebs.ass-s savaldebulo registracias awarmoebs Sss-s sagzao policiis mTa­varisammarTvelos registraciis ganyofileba, sagzao policiis saqalaqo da raionuliqvedanayofebis saregistracio samsaxurebi.sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos registraciis ganyofilebam undauzrunvelyos mTeli qveynis masStabiT am samsaxurebis funqcionireba: igiSeimuSavebs maTi saqmianobis ZiriTad mimarTulebas da wess: akontrolebssaqarTvelos moqalaqeebisa da iuridiuli pirebis mier SeZenili ass-sregistraciis sakiTxebs; gascems daskvnebs TviTnakeTi da gadakeTebuli ass-sSss-s samecniero-kvleviT centrSi gamosacdelad da Sedegebis mixedviT iRebsgadawyvetilebas. axdens meqanikur satransporto saSualebaTaA registracias daaRricxvidan moxsnas; yovelTviurad ajamebs registraciis Sedegebs. ganixilavsregistraciis xaziT Sesul gancxadeba-saCivrebs.6.2. satransporto saSualebaTa registraciis wesebSi arsebulidarRvevebisa da danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa aRkveTis RonisZiebebi6.2.1. registraciis vadebi da warsadgeni dokumentebiass-s mesakuTreebi maTi SeZenis, sabaJo gaformebis, maTze nomriani agregatebisSecvlisa da sxva procedurebis Semdeg valdebulni arian, kuTvnili assregistraciaSi gaataron 30 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi.masalebi, romlebic warmoadgens ass-s registraciis aRricxvidan moxsnis anregistraciaSi cvlilebaTa Setanis safuZvels, tardeba re­gis­traciis JurnalSida aRiricxeba kompiuterSi. registraciis safuZvlad miRebuli pirveladimasalebi ikinZeba JurnalSi, inomreba da komisiuri wesiT nadgurdeba sagzaopoliciis mTavari sammarTvelos mier, dokumenturi Semowmebidan erTi wlisSemdeg. danomrili da daluquli saregistracio Jurnalebi inaxeba 75 weli.fizikuri pirebis kuTvnili ass-s registracia xdeba sacxovrebeli adgilis,xolo iuridiul pirebze ricxulis _ iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT.mesakuTreebis vinaobas da maT sacxovrebel adgils sagzao policiisTanamSromlebi adgenen moqalaqis piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentissafuZvelze.36saqarTvelos kanoni sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1999 w.37saqarTvelos ASss ministris brZaneba #59, 2001 w., 28 Tebervali, satransporto saSualebaTa, maTimisabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebis savaldebulo registraciis wesebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.165

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi Caweris institutis gauqmebisSemdeg da piradobis mowmobiT moqalaqeTa registraciis zogadi, faqtobrivad,arasavaldebulo wesis SemoRebam Zalze gaarTula satransporto saSualebebisada nomriani agregatebis iuridiuli mflobelis dadgena. xSirad saregistraciomowmobaSi aRniSnuli mflobeli mowmobaSi fiqsirebul misamarTze aRarcxovrobs an iq saerTod ar uc­xov­ria. faqtobriv mflobelTa umravlesobas kie.w. generaluri mindobiloba aqvs, sadac Setanilia iuridiuli mflobelisrekvizitebi. mindobilobis registracias sagzao policiaSi formaluri xasiaTiaqvs da igi mxolod beWdis dartymiT, 5-lariani mosakreblisa da 5-10 larisqrTamis aRebiT Semoifargleba. faqtobrivi mflobelis rekvizitebi Sss-ssainformacio bankSi ar gadaicema an es xdeba 1-2 Tvis Semdeg. Tu danaSaulisadgilidan mZRoli miimala, misi moZebna praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.warmodgenili dokumentebis an saxelmwifo saregistracio niSnebis uzustobisas(saqarxno markebis Secvla, dokumentebSi agregatis nomris an saregistracionomris Seusabamoba, cnoba ass-s an warmodgenili dokumentis dakargvis Sesaxeb)dokumenti eqvemdebareba Semowmebas. kanonmdeblobiT, 38 Semowmebis dasrulebisSemdeg registraciaze dawesebuli SezRudvebi ixsneba.6.2.2. saregistracio samsaxuris movaleobebisagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos registraciis ganyofileba, qalaqebisada raionebis Sesabamisi qveganyofilebebi axorcieleben Semdeg qmedebebs:saregistracio JurnalSi da kompiuterul sistemaSi SeaqvT ass-s, misabmelis,naxevarmisabmelebisa da nomriani agregatebis rekvizitebi. mesakuTris gancxadebissafuZvelze cvlian saregistracio monacemebs, Camoweren, aRricxvidan xsnian dagascemen satransporto niSnebs. gadaformeba xdeba mflobelis, misi sacxovrebeliadgilis an avtomobilis sadgomis Secvlisas.ass-s mesakuTris an mflobelis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi axal mesakuTreze anmflobelze gadaformeba xdeba notariusis an sasamarTlos mi­er gacemulidokumentis safuZvelze.mesakuTris an mflobelis gvar-saxelis Secvlisas saWiroa mflobelis gancxadeba,ass-s saregistracio mowmoba, pasporti an misi Semcvleli dokumenti da gvarsaxelisSecvlis damadasturebeli sabuTi.6.2.3. aRricxvidan moxsnisa da gasxvisebis wesi da misi xarvezebiass-s aRricxvidan moxsnisas saaRricxvo baraTSi keTdeba Sesabamisi Canaweri.moxsnis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos:• mflobelis sacxovrebeli adgilis an registraciis adgilis Secvla;• sxva mesakuTreze gadaformeba;• saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT meqanikuri satransporto saSualebis gatana;• satransporto saSualebis gasxviseba an gacvla;• sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze satransporto saSualebis sxva pirissakuTrebaSi gadacema;38debuleba sagzao policiis mier avtotransportze teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebisSesaxeb, Tbilisi, 2000 w., 18 aprili.166

• sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ass-s saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSigadacema.kanonmdeblobiT yadaRadadebuli an sakuTrebis uflebis Secvlaze arsebuliSezRudvebis mqone ass-s aRricxvidan moxsna SeiZleba yadaRisagan gaTavisuflebisan SezRudvebis moxsnis damadasturebeli dokumentis wardgenis Semdeg.dagiravebuli satransporto saSualebis aRricxvidan moxsna xdeba damgiraveblismoTxovnisa da mogiravnis werilobiTi TanxmobiT.ass-s dasayadaReblad an yadaRis mosaxsnelad mflobelma werilobiT undamimarTos sagzao policias registraciis adgilis mixedviT. dayadaRebuli TuyadaRamoxsnili saaRricxvo baraTi dauyovnebliv unda gaigzavnos Sss-s informaciissammarTveloSi.unda aRiniSnos, rom es moTxovna ar sruldeba. sagzao policiis mTavarsammarTveloSi xdeba saregistracio cvlilebaTa monacemebis dagroveba da maTi,sul cota, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi Senaxva. amis Semdeg isini igzavneba Sss-sinformaciis sammarTveloSi. am periodSi Sss-s centraluri sainformaciosamsaxuri yvela dainteresebul fizikursa Tu iuridiul pirs faqtobrivaddezinformacias awvdis avtomobilis mflobelTa Sesaxeb. es praqtikamniSvnelovnad aferxebs samarTaldamcavi struqturebis muSaobas. aseT pirobebSioperatiuloba gamoricxulia. am xarvezis gamosworeba iolad SeiZleba sagzaopoliciis saregistracio ganyofilebis sainformacio bankisa da Sss-s informaciissammarTvelos Soris pirdapiri, uwyveti eleqtronuli kavSiris damyarebiT.saregistracio samsaxurebi gasxvisebis registracias axdenen mxareTa SeTanxmebiT.am SeTanxmebaSi SesaZlebelia, gasxviseba Seicvalos mindobiT. es ukanaskneliSeiZleba iyos marTvis ufleba an gasxvisebis ufleba e.w. “generalurimindobilobiT”.sayuradReboa, rom marTvis uflebiT mindobilobis gacema umravles SemTxvevaSigasxvisebis faqtis dafarvisa da amiT saxelmwifo biujetis dazaralebislegaluri formaa. saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2004 wlis ivnisSi pirvelimosmeniT miRebuli Sesworeba gulisxmobs aseTi mindobilobis saerTod gauqmebas.es ki auaresebs situacias. danaSaulisa Tu samarTaldarRvevis faqtebzeoperatiuli reagirebis dabrkolebis garda, aSkaraa mniSvnelovani uaryofiTifiskaluri efeqti. naTelia, rom avtomobilis, misi misabmelis an nomrianiagregatis gasxvisebis mizania axali mflobelis mier misi ufro intensiuradgamoyeneba. Sesabamisad, avtomobilis gasxvisebis mosakreblis aReba aucilebelia,vinaidan damatebiT itvirTeba sagzao qseli, izrdeba moZraobis intensivoba,cvdeba sagzao samosi. amitom mosakreblidan Semosuli Tanxa unda Sevidessagzao fondSi da gamoyenebuli iqnas avtosagzao infrastruqturis ganviTarebisada sagzao zedamxedvelobis dasafinanseblad. apelireba am mosakreblisgauqmebisas evrokavSiris qveynebisa da amerikis magaliTze araa marTebuli,vinaidan am qveynebSi sagzao fondis biujeti ivseba sawvavis, sacxi masalebisada maragnawilebis mniSvnelovani aqcizebiT. CvenSi es meqanizmi Zalze sustadmoqmedebs da am gziT saWiro Tanxis 10% Zlivs grovdeba. rodesac ganviTarebuliqveynebis msgavsad saqarTveloSic amoqmeddeba samarTlianobasa da logikazedamyarebuli fiskaluri meqanizmi, maSin SeiZleba moixsnas mosakrebeli mindobaze.am viTarebaSi misi amgvari saxiT gauqmeba populizmia da iniciatorebisarakompetenturobaze miuTiTebs.167

6.2.4. ucxoeTidan Semotanili da ucxoelTa kuTvniliavtosatransporto saSualebebis registraciis TaviseburebebiTu ucxo qveynidan Semotanil satransporto saSualebaze sabaJos mier gacemuldeklaraciaSi miTiTebulia: “gasxvisebis uflebis gareSe”, amis Sesabamisi CanawerikeTdeba saregistracio mowmobasa da saaRricxvo baraTSi.ucxoeTidan saqarTveloSi ukan gatanis pirobiT da gasxvisebis uflebis gareSeSemotanili ass SeiZleba gasxvisdes mxolod dawesebuli baJis gadaxdis Semdeggacemuli xelaxali sabaJo deklaraciiT.registracias eqvemdebareba satransporto saSualebis mflobeli saqarTvelosmoqalaqe an adgilobrivi iuridiuli piri, romelic registraciis momentisaTvisimyofeba saqarTvelos farglebs gareT. amisaTvis saWiroa am piris mier Sedgenili dabeWdiT damowmebuli ass-s rekvizitebis Semcveli dokumenti da saregistracio baraTi.aRniSnuli wesi xels uwyobs aralegaluri biznesis ganviTarebas da axdenskorufciuli qmedebebis provocirebas. 2001 wels interpolis mier gamovlindaqarTuli gadamzidveli firma, romelic kuTvnili didi tvirTamweobis satvirToavtomobilebiT warmatebiT eweoda satransporto saqmianobas evrokavSirisqveynebSi. savaraudoa, rom firmis mflobelebma korufciuli garigebis SedegadmiiRes avtomobilis yalbi saregistracio sabuTebi. Sesabamisad, isini aRarixdidnen gadasaxadebs arc evropaSi, arc saqarTveloSi. skandalSi CarTulniaRmoCndnen transportis saministrosa da sagzao transportis departamentismaRalCinosnebi, romelTac SeZles pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acileba. sagzaopoliciis mxridan daisajnen saregistracio ganyofilebis rigiTi TanamSromlebi,romlebic Sss-s rigebidan daiTxoves. saWiroa wesebis am nawilis gamkacreba damasSi korufciisagan damcavi meqanizmebis gaTvaliswineba.ucxoeTSi aRricxvidan moxsnil da saqarTveloSi registraciisTvis gankuTvnilass-s mflobels sagzao policiis sasazRvro saguSagoze CamoerTmeva ucxoqveynis satranzito nomeri, sanacvlod gaicema sazRvris gadakveTidan 30-dRianivadis mqone saqarTvelos satranzito sanomre niSani. satranzito nomeriaRiricxeba specialur JurnalSi. ucxo qveynis satranzito nomrebi nadgurdebada dgeba oqmi. unda aRvniSnoT, rom Tanamedrove pirobebSi feradi aslis gadamRebixelsawyoebi imdenad xelmisawvdomia, rom TviT mflobelis an sagzao policiisarakeTilsindisieri muSakis mier SeiZleba moxdes maTi kopireba da asligamoyenebuli iqnas gatacebuli avtomobilis gadasaadgileblad. damnaSaveebTankorufciuli garigebis Sedegad tranzituli nomeri SeiZleba arc ganadgurdes,amas praqtikac adasturebs. zemoaRniSnuli uaryofiTi movlenis asacilebladsaWiroa, tranzituli nomris anulirebis faqti operatiulad moTavsdes sagzaosapatrulosamsaxurisa da Sss-s centralur sainformacio bankSi, paralelurades informacia xelmisawvdomi unda iyos yvela sagzao-sapatrulo jgufisaTvis.am moTxovnis ganxorcieleba sruliad martivadaa SesaZlebeli sagzao policiisstacionaruli da moZravi sapatrulo saguSagoebisa da Sss-s sainformaciobankTan eleqtrokavSiris uzrunvelyofiT.6.2.5. saqarTveloSi arsebuli saregistracio nomrebis saxeebiregistraciaSi gatarebul satransporto saSualebebze gaicema wyvilisaregistracio nomeri da erTi saregistracio mowmoba.saqarTveloSi sami laTinuri asosa da sami arabuli cifris gamoyenebamsaregistracio nomrebSi farTo gasaqani misca korufcias e.w. prestiJuli nomrebis168

misaRebad (ix. zemoT). aq mxolod aRvniSnavT korufciis sruliad samarcxvinofaqts 39 , romelmac sagrZnoblad imoqmeda Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso prestiJze.saqarTvelos saelCom ruseTSi aSkarad korufciuli garigebis Sedegad moskovSimcxovreb saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis garkveul kontigents, diplomatiur dasakonsulo samsaxuridan Sors mdgar pirebs misca d iplomatiuri saregistracionomrebiT sargeblobis ufleba. skandali moxda mas Semdeg, rac sagzao moZraobiswesebis mravalgzis darRvevis Semdeg moskovis avtoinspeqciam saregistracioganyofilebaSi aRmoaCina saqarTvelos saelCos 10-kacian koleqtivze fiqsirebulidiplomatiuri nomris mqone asze meti avtomobili.6.3. satransporto saSualebaTa saregistracio tarifebi, mosakrebelTastruqtura, arsebuli fiskaluri politikis naklovanebebi6.3.1. saregistracio tarifebi da mosakrebelTa struqturaass-s saregistracio tarifebi da mosakrebelTa struqtura bolo 7 wlis manZilzeramdenjerme Seicvala. samwuxarod, cvlilebebiT ar gaumjobesebula sagzaomoZraoba, isini ar iTvaliswinebs qveynis biujetisa da sagzao fondis SevsebismoTxovnebs. cvlilebebi ufro mimarTulia avtomflobelTa, rogorc eleqtoratisdidi nawilis gulis mosagebad da populistur xasiaTs atarebs. saqarTvelosprezidentis 1996 wlis gankargulebiT, 40 registraciisa da momsaxurebis tarifebiganisazRvra aSS dolaris Sesabamisi ekvivalentiT larebSi. am gankargulebismixedviT dawesebuli tarifebi mocemulia cxrilis pirvel svetSi, 2001 wlidanmoqmedi tarifebi ki _ meore svetSi.satransporto saSualebaTa saregistracio tarifebia)saregistracio mowmoba (teqpasporti)26,3 lari 26 larib) saxelmwifo sanomre niSani 27,2 lari 28 larig) satranzito sanomre niSani 18,2 lari 18 larid)msubuqi avtomobilis Zaris gadaformebae)2 wlamde xniT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-dan 5 wlamde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-dan 10 wlamde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 welze meti xniT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80$55$40$25$satvirTo avtomobilis kabinis an CarCos gadaformeba 40$v) Zravis gadaformeba, simZlavre < 100 cx.Z.40 lari32 larian moculoba < 2000sm 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .meti 100 cx.Z. an 2000sm 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40$5$ 38 lariz) misabmelTa gadaformeba:naklebi 720kg woniT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24$ 19 lari5t. tvirTamweobisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-dan 10t-mde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-dan 20-mde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 tonaze meti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70$100$150$200$100 lari39POL íà PAL íå íàåçæàåò, ,,Êîìñîìîëüñêàÿ ïðàâäà”, 30, 07,1999.40saqarTvelos prezidentis gankarguleba #139, satransporto saSualebaTa registraciamomsaxurebistarifebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1996 w.169

6.3.2. fiskaluri politikis naklovanebebiaSkaraa, rom mosakreblebis Semcireba da maTi gamartiveba xels uwyobskorufciuli garigebebis klebas, magram saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebisTvisavtosatransporto dargSi korufciis aRmofxvris garda mniSvnelovaniaavtosagzao infrastruqturis ganviTareba, avtoparkis raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivimdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, sagzao zedamxedvelobis procesis srulyofa. amitomfiskaluri politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, tarifebisa da mosakreblebisstruqtura da odenoba unda Seesabamebodes zemoxsenebul moTxovnebs.tarifebi da mosakreblebi unda izrdebodes avtomobilis saerTo wonis,tvirTamweobis, Zravis moculobis proporciulad. mosakrebeli undaiTvaliswinebdes avtomobilis aqtiur, pasiur da ekologiur usafrTxoebas.ukeTesi maCveneblebisaTvis tarifebi da mosakreblebi Semcirdeba, uaresimaCveneblebisaTvis gaizrdeba. unda arsebobdes maCvenebelTa gadaWarbebiszRvruli mniSvnelobebi. Sesabamisad, aseTi avtomobilebis Semotana akrZales.aseTi midgoma ganamtkicebs fiskalur politikas, gazrdis qveynis biujetisa dasagzao fondis Semosavlebs, rac, Tavis mxriv, gaaumjobesebs avtosagzaoinfrastruqturisa da sagzao zedamxedvelobis finansur mxares.6.4. saregistracio qmedebebi da Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculoba6.4.1. saregistracio qmedebaTa saxeebiavtosatransporto saSualebaTa registraciis procesi moicavs Semdeg qmedebebs:avtomobilis, motociklis, misabmelis an nomriani agregatis axal mflobelzegaformebas; saxelmwifo saregistracio wyvili nomris gacemas; saregistraciomowmobis, anu teqnikuri pasportis gacemas; es procedurebi vrceldeba qveynisgaredan Semotanil satransporto saSualebebze, misabmelebze Tu nomrianagregatebzec. gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi qarTul sazogadoebaSi,masmediasa da politikur wreebSi sakmaod didi aJiotaJi iyo saregistracionomrebisa da teqnikuri pasportebis damamzadebeli firmebisa da maTilicenziebis irgvliv. yalibdeboda axali aRmasrulebeli struqturebi da amprocesSi bevrma moiTbo xeli. es ambebi detalurad gaSuqda presis furclebze 41 .am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa Sss-s prescentris publikaciebi.2000-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos sagzao policiis saregistracio ganyofilebismier Sesrulebuli samuSao warmodgenilia cxrilSi:wlebigaformda assgaica wyvilisaregistracionomerigaicasaregistraciomowmobasazRvargareTidanSemotaniliassam operaciebidanmiRebuli Tanxa /aTasi lari2000 14.332 26.979 42.184 8.363 1.8832001 27.812 33.145 49.774 11.667 2.2952002 33.009 35.985 52.696 12.246 2.3172003 37.375 46.949 58.604 15.533 2.573jami 122.528 143.058 203.258 47.809 9.058rogorc cxrilidan Cans, Sesrulebulia didi moculobis samuSao, romelmacqveynis biujets milionobiT lari Semata.41“amjerad ukve mafiis karnaxiT”, Sss-s prescentris mimoxilva, “saqarTvelos respublika”, #25,31.01.1998 w.170

6.4.2. korufciuli fasdebebi da Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculobawlebis ganmavlobaSi Catarebulma dakvirvebam, avtomflobelTa gamokiTxvam damasmediis masalebis 42 analizma gviCvena, rom saregistracio saqmianoba metad sarfianiiyo am samsaxuris TanamSromlebisTvis. isini kargad iyenebdnen oficialurimosakreblebisa da tarifebis rTul sistemas. igi avtomflobelTaTvis bundovaniiyo, avtomobilis RirebulebasTan SedarebiT registraciis Rirebuleba mcirea,mflobeli ki axali SenaZenis gamo eiforiul mdgomareobaSia. aqedan gamomdinare,registraciis samsaxuris muSakebi avtomobilis gadaformebisas zedmetad umateben20-50 lars, saregistracio mowmobis gacemisas _ 8-20 lars, dasavluri warmoebiskargi avtomobilis gaformebisas _ 100-300 lars. qveda cxrilSi mocemuliaCrdilovani Semosavlebis savaraudo moculoba, romelic miRebulia qmedebaTaraodenobis Sesabamis korufciul fasdebaze gadamravlebiT.CrdilovaniSemosavlebi,lariass-sgadaformebasaregistracio qmedebaTa saxeobasaregistraciomowmobaTagacemaimportirebuliass-sgaformebajamuriCrdilovaniSemosavali,aTasi larimin 2.250.560 1.626.064 4.780.900 8.658max 5.626.400 4.065.160 14.342.700 24.0346.5. sabaJo da saregistracio samsaxurebis korufciuli aliansi damisi Sedegebi6.5.1. sabaJo politika, tarifebi da importis moculobasaqarTvelos avtoparki mTlianad importuli avtomobilebiTaa dakompleqtebuli.aseT pirobebSi sabaJo politika xels unda uwyobdes parkis maRali saeqspluatacioTvisebebis mqone avtomobilebiT Sevsebas da misi struqturis gaumjobesebas.1996 wlidan Seiqmna avtomobilebis importze mosakreblebis axali sistema, romlismixedviT ganbaJebis Rirebulebis gamoTvla garkveul sirTules uqmnidaavtomflobelebs da farTo gzas uxsnida korufcias.ucxoeTidan Semotanili avtomobilis ganbaJebas safuZvlad adgilze (ucxoeTSive)avtomobilis Sesyidvis fasi edo. am Tanxas emateboda mgzavrobis Rirebulebada jami Seadgenda e.w. sabaJo Rirebulebas, romlidanac sabaJo iRebda:a) 0,15%-s sabaJo Rirebulebidan;b) Zravis moculobis yovel sm 3 -ze 5 TeTrs + miRebuli Tanxis 5%-s, gamravlebulsavtomobilis asakze;g) aqcizs _ Zravis moculobis yovel sm 3 -ze 10 TeTrs;g) damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxads _ 20%-s Sesyidvisa da mgzavrobisRirebulebis jamidan.am tarifebiT adgilze 2500$ Rirebulebis, 10 wlis msubuqi avtomobilis, 2000 sm 3moculobis ZraviT (roca mgzavrobis Rirebuleba 500$-s aRwevda), mflobelibaJis saxiT ixdida 1560 lars, anu 780$-s. am Tanxas Cveulebriv emateboda sabaJos“wili” _ 100-300 dolari. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, iwyeboda avtomflobelis mimarTdasabuTebuli Tu dausabuTebeli pretenziebi.42“am SenobaSi dolarebis uxilavi “stanoki” muSaobda”, interviu sagzao policiis ufrosTan, v.margalitaZesTan, “kviris palitra”, 3-9 maisi, 2004 w.171

2001 wlidan saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo axali kanonproeqti, romlis mixedviTganbaJeba gaiafda, moixsna damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi. es tarifi amJamadacmoqmedebs. sabaJo gadasaxads gansazRvravs Zravis moculoba da avtomobilis wlovaneba.wlovaneba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7÷12 13 14 ≥15 weliTanxa 1,0 0,90 0,80 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 lariaxali mosakreblebiT igive maxasiaTeblebis mqone msubuqi avtomobilis ganbaJebisRirebuleba Seadgens 800 lars, anu winandelis naxevars.unda aRiniSnos, rom 2001 wlamde ruseTis federaciidan da ukrainidan Semotaniliavtomobilebi sabaJo gadasaxadiT ar ibegreboda, rac araswori ekonomikuripolitikis Sedegi iyo. 2001 wlidan 2003 wlis noembramde moqmedebda ganbaJebiswesi, romlis mixedviT rusul da ukrainul avtomobilebze baJi avtomobiliswlovanebis mixedviT izrdeboda.Zravis yovel sm 3 -ze gadasaxadi aseTi iyo:wlovaneba 6 welze naklebi 6-dan 11 wlamde 11 wlis da metiTanxa larebSi 0,50 0,60 1,00sabaJo mosakreblis zrda avtomobilis wlovanebis proporciulad logikuriiyo, vinaidan emsaxureboda avtoparkis Tvisebriv gaumjobesebas da upiratesobasaniWebda dasavluri warmoebis avtomobilebs, romelTa saeqspluatacio Tvisebebi,gansakuTrebiT ekologiurobis, usafrTxoebisa da komfortulobis parametrebi,Seudareblad sjobda rusul-ukrainuls.amJamad moqmed tarifebSi es kanonzomiereba darRveulia. igi gamoiyeneba mxolod13 da meti wlis avtomobilebze. aucilebelia aRvniSnoT, rom am xnis avtomobilebisSemotana kanoniT unda aikrZalos. mosaxleoba, romlis msyidvelobiTi unaridabalia, avtomobili ki misTvis saqmianobis saSualebaa, masobrivad daiwyebsmoZvelebuli avtomobilebis aRdgenas.zemoTqmulidan Cans, rom fiskaluri politika metad saTuTi sferoa da misdamidiletanturi midgoma, rac ase axasiaTebs saqarTvelos adrindelsa Tu dRevandelxelisuflebas, qveynis interesebisaTvis sazianoa. 432000-2003 wlebSi saqarTveloSi Semotanili avtomobilebis raodenoba stabiluradizrdeboda, avtoparkis aRricxva ki arazusti iyo.wlebi 2000 2001 2002 2003 jamiSemotaniliavtomobilebi8.363 11.667 12.246 15.533 47.809sul aRricxulia 318.223 323.548 327.134 326.111 _ganvlil 4 weliwadSi, oficialuri statistikis Tanaxmad, Semovida 47.809avtomobili, aRricxuli avtoparkis raodenobam ki mxolod 8000-mde erTeuliTmoimata. es SeiZleba aixsnas satvirTo avtomobilebisa da Zveli, sabWouriwarmoebis msubuqi avtomobilebis raodenobis SemcirebiT. importuli, SedarebiTaxali da maRali klasis avtomobilebis umravlesoba TbilisSia Tavmoyrili,sadac ekonomikuri aqtiuroba maRalia.43tarifebSi diletanturi Carevis savalalo Sedegia teqnikur daTvalierebaSi instrumentulikontrolis gaubraloeba. es faqti kidev erTxel adasturebs Cveni mosazrebis samarTlianobas.172

6.5.2. sabaJo da saregistracio samsaxurebis danaSaulebrivi aliansi.Crdilovani Semosavlebis sidideTbilissa da mis SemogarenSi registrirebulia qveynis avtoparkis 65%. racSeexeba evropidan importirebul, SedarebiT axali da maRali klasisavtomobilebs, TbilisSi koncentrirebulia maTi 90%. es aixsneba dedaqalaqSiekonomikuri aqtiurobis gacilebiT maRali doniT. am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiTbolo wlebSi saqarTvelos sagzao policiis mTavar sammarTveloSiwarmodgenilia sabaJos TanamSromeli. udavoa, rom ganbaJebisa da registraciiserT adgilze Tavmoyra avtomflobelTaTvis metad xelsayrelia drois dazogvisTvalsazrisiT.rogorc movlenaTa ganviTarebam gviCvena, sabaJosa da saregistracio ganyofilebiszogierTma muSakma es siaxle gamoiyena danaSaulebrivi, korufciuli qmedebebisfarTod gasaSlelad. avtomflobelebis garkveul nawilze mebaJeebi gascemdnenyalb deklaraciebs, romlis mixedviT maTTan kavSirSi myofi registraciis muSakebiuproblemod aformebdnen avtomobils. 44savaraudoa, rom bolo 4 weliwadSi aseTi ukanono faqtebis ricxvma imata da 2003wlisaTvis saerTo raodenobis mesameds gadaaWarba. gansakuTrebiT maxinji saxemiiRo am movlenam 2003 wlis meore naxevarSi, rodesac saregistracio ganyofilebassaTaveSi Caudga m. barbaqaZe, romelic mimalulia da 2003 wlidan TanamzraxvelebTanerTad iZebneba. sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos axali xelmZRvaneli, v.margalitaZe, mis qmedebas ase aRwers: “kabinetSi iketeboda da dReSi daaxloebiT100-120 manqanis “lev” registracias akeTebda. ar vici, saidan mohqonda yalbideklaraciebi, TiToeuli manqanis registraciisaTvis 500 dolars iRebda. dReSi50 aTass dolars ijibavda. 4 Tve imuSava im kacma. amboben, erT-erTi maRalCinosnisnaTesavi iyoo. TviTon Turme gaiZaxoda _ zemoT didi fuli maqvs gadaxdili daxelsac veravin maxlebso”. es citata metad emociuria da cifrebi, SeiZleba,gadaWarbebulic iyos. miuxedavad amisa, korufciis did masStabze qvemoT mocemulicxrilic metyvelebs. igi Sedgenilia oficialur statistikur monacemebsa 45 dakorufciuli qmedebebis savaraudo maCveneblebze dayrdnobiT, romlebicdavadgineT avtomflobelebisa da sagzao policiis muSakebis gamokiTxviT damasmediaSi gavrcelebuli informaciis gamoyenebiT.yalbi ganbaJebisa da Crdilovani Semosavlebis savaraudo maCveneblebiwlebiyalbadganbaJebulass-ssavaraudoprocentioficialuradganbaJebuliass-s saerToraodenobayalbadganbaJebuliass-s saerToraodenobasavaraudofaqtobriviimportikorufciulifasdebebiaSS dolariCrdilovaniSemosavlissavaraudo sididemin max min max2000 17 8.363 1.713 10.076 100 300 171.300 513.9002001 22 11.667 3.291 14.958 125 350 411.375 1.151.8502002 27 12.246 4.529 16.775 150 400 679.350 1.811.6002003 33 15.553 7.649 23.182 200 500 1.529.800 3.824.500jami_ 47.809 17.162 64.971 _ _ 2.180.405 7.301.85044interviu Sss-s sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos ufrosTan, v. margalitaZesTan, “kvirispalitra”, 3-9 maisi, 2004 w.45sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos Stabis gansakuTrebul saqmeTa inspeqtoris, policiisvice-polkovnik g. abulaZis informacia.173

6.5.3. daskvnacxrili gviCvenebs, rom ganvlil 4 weliwadSi yalbi ganbaJebiTa da registraciiTCrdilovani Semosavlebi savaraudod minimum 2 mln, xolo maqsimum 7 mln aSSdolaria. miuxedavad imisa, rom cifrebi savaraudoa, isini naTlad gviCvenebs: amsferoSi korufciul qmedebaTa aRkveTa aucilebelia. saregistracio samsaxurisSss-s sistemidan sxva uwyebaSi gadataniT an kerZo biznesis warmomadgenlebzeijariT gadacemiT korufcia am sferoSi ar Semcirdeba. aucilebelia SemdegiRonisZiebebis gatareba:• maRalanazRaurebadi, kvalificiuri, zneobrivi kadrebis mozidva;• saregistracio saqmianobis debulebis srulyofa;• kompiuteruli teqnikisa da eleqtronuli saSualebebis maqsimaluri gamoyeneba;• registraciis procesis avtomatizeba;• sruli gamWvirvaloba.7. korufcia marTvis mowmobis gacemisas, misi aRkveTisRonisZiebebi7.1. mZRolTa momzadebasa da marTvis uflebis gacemazepasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo organoebi da sakanonmdeblo bazasaqarTveloSi meqanikuri avtosatransporto saSualebebis mZRolTa momzadebasda marTvis uflebis gacemas warmarTavs aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis orirgoli: ganaTlebisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministroebi. mZRolTa momzadebaszedamxedvelobas uwevs Sss-s sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelo, romelicganaTlebis saministros dawyebiTi profesiuli ganaTlebis sammarTvelosTanerTad gascems licenziebs avtoskolebze.sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb moqmedi qarTuli da saerTaSorisokanonebis 46,47 Sesabamisad, gansazRvrulia satransporto saSualebaTa saxeebi,mZRolis kategoriebi, maTi Teoriuli momzadebis programebi, TvalsaCinoebaTaCamonaTvali, praqtikuli mecadineobebis moTxovnebi da a.S.gamocdebis miRebasa da marTvis uflebis gacemas, agreTve marTvis uflebasTandakavSirebul yvela sakiTxs _ CamorTmeva, gamocvla, aRdgena da a.S. axdenssagzao policia masTan arsebuli sagamocdo samsaxuris saxiT.7.2. marTvis uflebis saxeebi, maTi miRebisa da Secvlis wesebi,sagadasaxado tarifebivenis saerTaSoriso konvenciis 48 mixedviT, yvela ass, ganurCevlad tipisa dadaniSnulebisa, iyofa kategoriebad “A”, “B”, “C”, “D”, “E”, “tramvai”, troleibusi”,“motocikli”, “xeliT samarTavi avtomobili”. arsebobs mZRolis erTiani nimuSiserovnuli an saerTaSoriso mowmoba, sadac aRiniSneba nebadarTuli kategoria.46“saqarTvelos kanoni sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb”, Tbilisi, 1999 w.47venis saerTaSoriso konvencia sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, vena, 2002 w. (boloredaqcia).48venis saerTaSoriso konvencia sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, danarTi 6 da 7.174

nebismieri kategoriis marTvis uflebis misaRebad aucilebelia mZRolTamomzadebisa da gadamzadebis kursebi, Sesabamisi janmrTelobis cnoba da asaki.A, B, C, BC kategoriaze _ aranakleb 18 weli, tramvais marTvaze _ 20 weli, D, E,troleibusisaze – 21 weli. mZRolis qarTuli mowmobebi mzaddeba da ivsebakompiuteruli wesiT, qarTuli da laTinuri SriftebiT da gaicema uvadodsagzao policiis Sesabamis ganyofilebaSi. saerTaSoriso mowmoba, romelicmoqmedebs sazRvargareTis nebismier qveyanaSi, gaicema erovnulis safuZvelze 3wlis vadiT. igi ivseba frangul, inglisur, espanur, germanul da rusul enebze.Zveli nimuSis marTvis mowmobis ugamocdod Secvla xdeba piradobis mowmobis,gancxadebis, avtomobilis teqnikuri pasportis wardgenisa da sauravis gadaxdisSemdeg. visac pirad mflobelobaSi an mindobiT ara aqvs avtomobili, abarebsTeoriul gamocdas. C, D, E kategoriis mowmobis Sesacvlelad aucilebeliajanmrTelobis cnoba.marTvis mowmobis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa, avtomflobelma mimarTos sagzaopoliciis adgilobriv ganyofilebas. Tu mowmoba 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar iqnanapovni, Teoriuli gamocdis Semdeg gaicema axali mowmoba. Tu marTvis mowmobaCamorTmeulia vadis gasvlis gamo, 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia SesabamisisamsaxurisTvis mimarTva mis dasabruneblad. 1 wlis Semdeg igi uqmdeba daaxlis misaRebad bardeba Teoriuli gamocda.marTvis uflebis asaRebad saWiro dokumentebi da maTi Rirebuleba Semdegia:cnoba saswavlo kursebis gavlis Sesaxeb _ 20 lari;cnoba janmrTelobis Sesaxeb _ 20 lari;saxelmwifo sauravis gadaxdis qviTari marTvis uflebis Rirebulebisdasafarad _ 28 lari;piradobis mowmoba an pasporti.7.3. marTvis uflebis gacemis arsebuli sistemis naklovanebebi dakorufciis gamomwvevi mizezebimZRolTa momzadebis arsebuli sistemis erT-erTi yvelaze didi naklia axalbedamZRolebisaTvis marTvis praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis sruli ignorireba.praqtikuli mecadineobis raodenoba arasakmarisia qalaqSi maRali intensivobisnakadebSi moZraobisa da eqstremalur situaciebSi avtomobilis marTvis unarisSesaZenad. mZRol instruqtorebTan damatebiT mecadineobas bevri ver axerxebsmaRali gadasaxadis gamo. 1 sT-is swavlis fasi aranakleb 12 laria. mZRolebsmxolod quCebSi, satransporto nakadSi gadaadgilebas aswavlian. gzis zedapirTanborblis arasakmao moWidebis pirobebSi avtomobilis maRali an cvalebadi siCqariTmarTvas, rogorc wesi, ar euflebian. janmrTelobis cnobis gacema praqtikuladmxolod vizualuri SemowmebiT xdeba. Tu adamiani garegnulad invalidi araa, masSeuferxeblad aZleven janmrTelobis cnobas, vinaidan samedicino dawesebulebamwiri dafinansebis pirobebSi 20-larian gadasaxadze uars ver ambobs.dasaxvewia janmrTelobis Semowmebis meTodikac. profesionali mZRoli iseve undaakmayofilebdes mkacr moTxovnebs, rogorc mfrinavi, myvinTavi da a.S. aucilebeliaperiodulad janmrTelobis cnobis ganaxleba, maT Soris, moyvaruli mZRolebisTvisac.asakis matebasTan erTad SemowmebaTa Soris intervali unda Semcirdes.Cvens sazogadoebaSi marTvis uflebis perioduli gamocvlisa da janmrTelobiscnobis ganaxlebis mimarT mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebulebaa da Sesabamisisakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi did siZneleebs ukavSirdeba. zogierTi politikurimoRvawe korufciasTan brZolis sababiT eleqtoratis keTilganwyobis175

mosapoveblad, faqtobrivad, sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb erovnulikanonis srulyofas ebrZvis 49 . rogorc Semdeg qveTavSi mocemuli cifrebic mowmobs,marTvis uflebis aReba erT-erTi yvelaze korufciuli procesia, mosaxleobisudides nawils miaCnia, rom avtomobilis marTvis Teoriisa da praqtikis dauflebametad iolia, swavlebisa da gamocdis procesi ki mxolod biurokratiuliwinaaRmdegobebia da yvelanairad cdilobs mis gverdis avlas.SeiZleba sruli pasuxismgeblobiT iTqvas: sagzao policiis muSakTa mxridan fulisgamoZalva am procesSi ar xdeba. visac aqvs elementaruli Teoriuli codna dapraqtikuli unari, daubrkoleblad iRebs marTvis mowmobas. udides nawils kimiaCnia, rom swavla da gamocdebi zedmeti proceduraa da mzadaa oficialuriTanxis, 70-80 laris garda, sul cota, amdenive gadaixados Sesabamisi dokumentismisaRebad. bunebrivia, 70-90-lariani xelfasis mqone sagzao policiis muSakebs amuaryofiT tendenciebTan brZolis survili ar gaaCniaT. amas emateba zemdgomipirebisagan maTTvis “wilebis” mitanis moTxovna. aqedan gamomdinare, korufciisZiriTadi mizezi sazogadoebis did nawilis sakiTxisadmi araswori damokidebulebaa,romlis Secvliskenac unda iyos mimarTuli mTeli Zalisxmeva. am miznis miRwevisyvelaze qmediTi saSualebaa efeqturi sainformacio da propagandistuli muSaoba,romelic daasabuTebs arapopularuli RonisZiebebis aucileblobas.7.4. korufciuli Ffasdebebi da Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculoba7.4.1. korufciuli fasdebebi da Crdilovani Semosavlebimoyvaruli da profesionali mZRolebis, sagzao policiis TanamSromlebisgamokiTxvebma da bolo wlebis qarTul masmediaSi gamoqveynebuli masalebisanalizma gviCvena, rom marTvis uflebis korufciuli fasdebebi damokidebuliakategoriasa da vadaze (ix. cxrili). mZRolis momzadebis oficialuri vadakategoriis mixedviT meryeobs 1,5-3 Tvis farglebSi, gadamzadebis vada ki 1 Tvea.kategoriamarTvis uflebis aRebis vadebiSeniSvna1 dRe 20 dRe 30 dRe _B, D 150$ 100$ 140-180 lari _B + C 300$ 200$ 150 lari176B+C, umoklesivada 2-3 dRefasdebebi exeba Tbilisis sagzao policiasa da Tbiliselebs. raionSiregistraciis gadasaxads emateboda 50 lari.samwuxarod, sagzao policiis mTavar sammarTveloSi ar aRmoCndadiferencirebuli monacemebi marTvis mowmobaTa aslis gacemis, aRdgenis, SecvlismixedviT. statistika gviCvenebs mxolod marTvis uflebaTa gacemul raodenobasda Semosul oficialur Tanxas. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom gacemuli mowmobebisyvela saxeobidan rCeboda aranakleb 20 lari.wlebi 2000 2001 2002 2003 jamigacemuli marTvisufleba42.987 44.775 43.285 46.809 177.856Semosuli Tanxa,lari1.130.558 1.239.719 1.292.930 1.323.722 5.070.78549ix. i. sariSvilis gancxadebebi masmediaSi marTvis uflebebisa da saregistracio dokumentebissrulyofis winaaRmdeg, 1998-2001 ww.

Sesuli Tanxa Sedgeba uSualod marTvis uflebis Rirebulebisagan, romelicsagzao policiis saxeliT Sedioda Sss-s sameurneo-safinanso ganyofilebaSi.Tu vivaraudebT, rom saSualod yovel gacemul mowmobaze rCeboda 20-50 lari,maSin Crdilovani Semosavlebi iqneba:wlebi 2000 2001 2002 2003 jamiCrdilovaniSemosavlebi,milioni lariMINMAX0,860 0,896 0,866 0,936 3,5582.149 2.239 2.164 2.341 8.8957.4.2. korufciis aRmkveTi RonisZiebebisagzao policiis mier 1997-2003 ww. sul gacemulia 443 187 marTvis mowmoba,Semosulia 11.052.807 lari. aqedan bolo 4 weliwadSi gacemulia 177 856 marTvismowmoba, Semosulia 5 070 785 lari.amave periodSi Crdilovani Semosavlebis savaraudo moculoba Seadgens 3,6-8,9mlnlars. rogorc vxedavT, savaraudo Tanxis minimaluri sididec naTladgviCvenebs moqalaqeebis mier nebayoflobiT gaRebul Tanxas marTvis uflebismisaRebad. am mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad aucilebelia sagzao moZraobisusafrTxoebis Sesaxeb sainformacio da propagandistuli muSaobis ufroefeqturad warmarTva. am saqmianobas saTaveSi unda Caudges informaciisa dapropagandis ganyofileba. misi Camoyalibeba mizanSewonilia sagzao policiismTavar sammarTvelosTan an sagzao transportis departamentTan. saWiroa misikvalificiuri kadrebiT dakompleqteba da Sesabamisi materialuri da finansurisaSualebebiT uzrunvelyofa.Cven mier es sakiTxi araerTxel daisva Sss-sa da uSualod sagzao policiisxelmZRvanelTa winaSe. sxvagvarad avtosagzao infrastruqturisa da avtoparkisganviTarebisTvis gaRebuli aseuli milionobiT laric umniSvnelo Sedegsmoitans, vinaidan mosaxleoba ar icavs moZraobis elementarul wesebs.8. d a s k v n akorufciasTan brZola rTuli da kompleqsuri amocanaa. misi ganxorcielebisaTvisda mTlianad sagzao zedamxedvelobis efeqturobisaTvis mizanSewonilia, CatardesRonisZiebaTa mTeli kompleqsi. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, romaRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis mier a.w. zafxulis dasawyisSi gamocxadebulisagzao policiis gauqmeba gaumarTlebeli iyo. 2003 wlis noembris movlenebisSemdeg mosuli axalgazrda xelmZRvanelebi sawyis etapze radikalurigancxadebebiTa da Sesabamisi gauazrebeli qmedebebiT apirebdnen problemaTagadaWras.mogvianebiT maT dainaxes, rom ar SeiZleba qveynis sagzao qselisa da avtoparkisuyuradRebod datoveba da marto sagzao moZraobis zedamxedvelobiT Semofargvla.amitomac sagzao policias mxolod saxeli Seecvala. mas darCa Zveli da daematayofili saguSago-sapatrulo samsaxuris movaleobebi. Sedegad, miviReT “sagzaosapatrulosamsaxuri~, romlis movaleobebi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, saStatoerTeulebi ki Semcirda. korufciasTan brZolis sababiT gaTavisufldaprofesionalTa nawilic. axali kadrebis umravlesobas ara aqvs sakmarisi177

Teoriuli codna da praqtikuli gamocdileba. maTi profesiuli momzadebaorkviriani kursebiT Semoifargleba. amitom, Tu cota xnis win korufciasTanbrZolisas pirveli amocana iyo muSakTa finansuri da materialuri uzrunvelyofa,axla mas profesionalizmi unda daematos.imedia, uaxloes xanSi xelisufleba miva daskvnamde, rom nebismier sferoSikorufciasTan da sxva uaryofiT movlenebTan brZolas marto axalgazrdoba,patiosneba da materialuri uzrunvelyofa ar hyofnis. sagzao-sapatrulosamsaxuris mravalmxrivi funqciebis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad aucilebeliaumcros meTaurTa da oficerTa kadrebis momzadebis mwyobri sistemisCamoyalibeba. am sistemaSi ar unda xdebodes moufiqrebeli, naCqarevigadawyvetilebebis miReba, romelTac SeuZlia, didi xniT Seaferxos sagzaozedamxedvelobisaTvis aucilebeli kadrebis momzadeba.garda zemoaRniSnuli problemebis gadawyvetisa, saWiroa sakanonmdeblo bazissrulyofa, finansuri da materialuri uzrunvelyofis damatebiTi wyaroebisgamoZebna. sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa, upirvelesad, gulisxmobs “bonusmalusis”principis realur xorcSesxmas, es mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebsmovaleobebis Sesrulebas da gazrdis sajarimo sanqciebidan miRebul Semosavlebs,Sesabamisad, sagzao zedamxedvelobis materialur uzrunvelyofas. aucilebeliaadministraciuli kodeqsis srulyofa da fiskaluri politikis gamkacreba, raTaadministraciuli saxdelebi da sagadasaxado mosakreblebis done Seesabamebodessagzao infrastruqturisa da avtoparkis, sagzao zedamxedvelobis finansurmoTxovnilebebs.aucilebelia avtoparkis, sagzao infrastruqturasa da moZraobazezedamxedvelobis Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da eleqtronuli mowyobilobebisfarTod danergva – am procesSi gamoyenebuli unda iyos qveynis samecnieroteqnikuripotenciali.korufciasTan brZolis arapirdapiri, magram umniSvnelovanesi saSualebaasainformacio da propagandistuli muSaoba masobrivi informaciis yvelasaSualebiT, risTvisac aucilebelia maRalefeqturi specialuri sainformaciosamsaxuri. igi saSualebas mogvcems, mosaxleobis farTo fenebs mudmivad miewodoTinformacia sagzao sferoSi arsebuli aqtualuri problemebis Sesaxeb da maTdamajereblad auxsnan, rom aucilebelia sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesebisdacva, dawesebuli administraciuli saxdelebi da sagadasaxado mosakreblebi,upirveles yovlisa, maTive sicocxlisa da qonebis dacvis garantiaa.cxril 8.1-Si naCvenebia saqarTvelos sagzao policiisa da masTan dakavSirebuliorganizaciebis (teqnikuri daTvalierebis licenzirebuli firmebi, sabaJo)Crdilovani Semosavlebis moculoba movaleobaTa Sesrulebis mixedviT. rogorcCans, 2000-2003 ww. Crdilovanma Semosavlebma 342-348 milioni lari Seadgina. eskidev erTxel miuTiTebs am sferoSi korufciasTan brZolis udides mniSvnelobasada SemoTavazebuli rekomendaciebis ganxorcielebis aucileblobaze.179

9. bibliografia1. saqarTvelos kanoni sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1999 w.2. saqarTvelos kanoni policiis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1993 w.3. saqarTvelos sagadasaxo kodeqsi.4. sagzao moZraobis wesebis administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa saqmeTawarmoebis instruqcia (damtkicebulia saqarTvelos Ss ministris #210brZanebiT, 1993 wlis 15 marti).5. saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba “avtosatransporto saSualebebisteqnikuri daTvalierebisaTvis aucilebeli diagnostikuri centrebislicenziebis pirobebisa da muSaobis wesis Sesaxeb, brZaneba #40 6.02.2000w.6. saxelmwifo standarti 25 478-91, moTxovnebi avtosatransporto saSualebaTateqnikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, gamomdinare moZraobis usafrTxoebispirobebidan.7. debuleba: sagzao policiis mier avtosatransporto saSualebebze teqnikurizedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis wesi, Tbilisi, 18.04.2000.8. saxelmwifo standarti 5727-99, moTxovnebi avtomobilis minebis gamWvirvalobismimarT.9. POL íà PAL íå íàåçæàåò, ,,Êîìñîìîëüñêàÿ ïðàâäà”, 30, 07,1999.10. saqarTvelos prezidentis gankarguleba #139, satransporto saSualebebisregistracia-momsaxurebis tarifebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1996w.11. i. Todua, “SabaTis molodinSi”, “asaval-dasavali”, 1997 w., 5 maisi.12. “amjerad ukve mafiis karnaxiT”, Sss-s prescentris mimoxilva, “saqarTvelosrespublika”, #25, 31.01.1998w.13. “fulis aRebis axali meqanizmi sagzao policiaSi”, interviu sagzao policiisinkognito oficerTan, gazeTi “kviris palitra”, 8-14 marti, 2004w.14. saerTaSoriso konferencia sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, vena, 2002wlis redaqcia.15. Objectif securite. Le contrôle technique des vehicules. Ministere de l’industrie et du Commerce Exterieur,Paris 2000.16. k. mWedliSvili, ,,saqarTvelos avtoinspeqcia dros, sul cot,a 20 wliT CamorCa”,,,7 dRe” #90, 4-5 agvisto, 1999 w.17. debuleba Sss-s sagzao policiis sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris Sesaxeb,gazeTi ,,kriminaluri qronika”, damateba #1(133), ianvari, 1999 w.18. sagzao policiis mTavari sammarTvelos Stabisa da gzebis saxelmwifodepartamentis saeqspluatacio sammarTvelos 2000-2003 ww. angariSebi.19. konfidencialuri informacia sagzao-sapatrulo samsaxuris muSakebisagan,2003-2004 ww.20. sagzao policiis ufrosis, k. kobiaSvilis interviu gazeT ,,axali Taobis”korespondent d. mefariSvilTan, 2000 w. 2.11. #302.180

21. k. mWedliSvili, “avtotransportis savaldebulo dazRvevis SemoReba _ didierovnuli mniSvnelobis saqme”, ,,dazRveva da cxovreba”, Tbilisi, 31 ivlisi,1997 w.22. k. mWedliSvili, l. imnaiSvili. saqarTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSisatransporto saSualebaTa moZraobis parametrebis uwyveti registraciissavaldebulo sistemis SemoRebis Sesaxeb, Sss-s akademiis Sromebi, Tbilisi,2001 w., II nawili.23. k. mWedliSvili, l. imnaiSvili, “moTxovnebi sagzao zedamxedvelobisTanamedrove eleqtronuli aparaturisadmi saqarTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiisregionis sxva qveynebSi”, saerTaSoriso konferencia ,,uaxloesi teqnologiebisaqarTvelos” Sromebis krebuli, Jurnali ,,transporti”, Tbilisi, 2001 w.181

givi lobJaniZeTrefiqingis kriminologiuriaspeqtebiSesavaliTrefiqingi, anu adamianiT vaWroba saerTaSoriso organizebuli danaSauliserT-erTi gavrcelebuli saxea. miuxedavad problemis mzardi aqtualobisa,Trefiqingi dRemde ar gamxdara mecnieruli kvlevis sagani. 1winamdebare gamokvlevis pirvel TavSi gansazRvrulia Trefiqingis cneba daniSnebi. meore Tavi eZRvneba Trefiqingis formebsa da principebs. mesame TavSiganxilulia msoflio sxvadasxva qveynebis (mimwodebeli, momxmarebeli, satranzitomomxmarebeli)kanonmdeblobebi da praqtika. meoTxe TavSi gaanalizebuliaTrefiqingis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi da sakiTxis samarTlebrivi gadawyvetisproblematika. mexuTe Tavi exeba zogad rekomendaciebs saqarTvelosantiTrefiqinguli kanonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis 2 .meTodologiakvlevis meTodologiis gansazRvrisas gavecaniT msoflios mravali qveynissakanonmdeblo bazas, saxelisuflebo struqturebis oficialur informacias, amproblemis irgvliv gamoqveynebul ucxoeli avtorebis Sromebs da internetSiarsebul masalebs. aseve SeviswavleT saqarTveloSi adamianiT vaWrobis istoria.Trefiqingis faqtebze aRZruli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gacnobis SedegadSefasda administraciuli organoebis mier gaweuli muSaoba. Catarda mosaxleobisanketuri gamokiTxva. am gziT SevecadeT, gagverkvia, rogor icnoben am problemasCveni qveynis moqalaqeebi. garda amisa, aviReT interviu Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosada saxelmwifo sazRvris dacvis saxelmwifo departamentis TanamSromelTagan,gavesaubreT samSobloSi dabrunebul Trefiqingis ramdenime msxverpls, asevesaqarTveloSi e.w. “seqsbiznesSi” CarTul ucxoel moqalaqeebs. oficialuriwerilebiT mivmarTeT TurqeTis, moldovisa da ukrainis Sesabamis samsaxurebs,romelTac mogvawodes CvenTvis saintereso informacia da Sesabamisi literatura.SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT gavaanalizeT sakanonmdeblo normebi da Cvensrekomendaciebs Sesabamisi komitetis meSveobiT mivawvdiT saqarTvelos parlaments,raTa gamoswordes is xarvezebi, rac am mxriv saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSiSeimCneva.1aRsaniSnavia g. Rlontis monografia «Òîðãîâëÿ ëþäüìè ñ öåëüþ ñåêñóàëüíîé ýêñïëóàòàöèè: Ðåàëèè èïåðñïåêòèâû», Òá., 2004 ã. ñòð. 92-149.2ibeWdeba naSromis Semoklebuli varianti.182

Tavi ITrefiqingis cneba da niSnebi1. Trefiqingis cnebaXX saukunis bolos msoflioSi seriozuli cvlilebebi moxda. upirvelesad,igulisxmeba socialisturi sistemis daSla, ramac araerTgvarovani gavlenaiqonia yofil postsabWour sivrceze (maT Soris, saqarTvelozec). pozitiuriZvrebis kvalad Tavi iCina negatiurma procesebmac _ gamoikveTa danaSaulisaxali saxeebi, xelaxla wamotivtivda damnaSaveobis TiTqosda samudamodmiviwyebuli formebi _ mekobreoba, tyveTa syidva da sxv.naSromSi ganxilulia saerTaSoriso danaSaulis erT-erTi saxe _ `adamianiTvaWroba da misi eqspluatacia~. msoflio literaturaSi es danaSauli aRniSuliaterminiT `Trefiqingi~ (human trafficking). termini gvxvdeba XX saukunis 60-ianiwlebidan. kriminologTa azriT, Trefiqingi msoflioSi sididiT mesame 3 (iaraRiTda narkotikebiT vaWrobis Semdeg), Tanac yvelaze mzardi da momgebiani kriminalurisaqmianobaa 4 .samecniero literaturaSi `Trefiqingis~ mraval ganmartebas vxvdebiT: `esaayvela qmedeba, romelic sruldeba ZaladobiT, muqariT, valiT dakabalebiT,motyuebiT, iZulebis sxvadasxva xerxebis gamoyenebiT, adamianebis gadmobirebiTqveynis SigniT an sazRvargareT muSaobisa da sxvadasxva saxis momsaxurebisgasawevad~. mkvlevarTa azriT, `adamianis kontrabanda~ da `ukanono migracia~ganixileba, rogorc `monobis Tanamedrove saxesxvaoba~. 52000 wels miRebuli monobis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi protokoliT,adamianiT vaWroba (Trefiqingi) niSnavs eqspluataciis mizniT pirovnebisgadabirebas, gadayvanas, gadamalvas daSinebiT Tu sxva saxis ZaladobiT _ gatacebiT,TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT, situaciis borotad gamoyenebiT, mosyidviT, pirovnebisaganTanxmobis miRebiT _ moeqces sxvis kontrolqveS. eqspluataciis forma SeiZlebaiyos: prostitucia an seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva forma, iZulebiTi muSaobaan momsaxureba, monoba an monuri saxis Sepyroba, dabeCaveba, sxeulis organoebisamokveTa da a.S.monobis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis pirveli muxlis Sesabamisad, monobaganmartebulia Semdegnairad: `im adamianebis statusi an mdgomareoba, romelTamimarT gamoiyeneba kerZo sakuTrebaze dayrdnobili nebismieri qmedeba~. 6saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT, monoba da monebiT vaWroba saerTaSorisosaxis danaSaulia, romelic gamoixateba monebiT vaWrobaSi maTi eqspluataciismizniT. jer kidev 1890 wels briuselis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze miiResaqti, romelic iTvaliswinebda monobasTan brZolis konkretul RonisZiebebs.1926 wlis 25 seqtembers amoqmedda saerTaSoriso konvencia monobis Sesaxeb.mogvianebiT gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-4 muxliTaikrZala yovelgvari saxis monoba. monebiT vaWroba niSnavs monebis gadayvanasan maTi gadayvanis mcdelobas erTi qveynidan meoreSi, maT gayidvas materialurian sxvagvari mogebis miRebis mizniT. 73kriminologTa bolo monacemebiT, Trefiqingma meore adgilze gadainacvla.4Ñ. Ñòîêåð. Òîðãîâëÿ ëþäüìè, êàê îäíà èç ôîðì îðãàíèçîâàííîé ïðåñòóïíîñòè. Ñáîðíèê Òîðãîâëÿ ëþäüìè. Ì.,2002, ñ. 28-29.5ix. Ïðîáëåìà êîíòðàáàíäû ëþäåé; Çàäà÷è ÎÁÑÅ. Ñïðàâî÷íûé äîêóìåíò ÃÄÈ, 1999, ñ. 3.6ix. adamianis uflebaTa standartebi, ianvari, 1999 w.7ix. Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali, Tb., 2003 w. gv. 186.183

Trefiqingis winaaRmdeg brZolis TvalsazrisiT win gadadgmuli nabijia adamianisuflebaTa standartuli principebis Seqmna Trefiqingis msxverplTaTvis. amissafuZvelze SesaZlebeli gaxda adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso dokumentebisdamuSaveba, romlebic oficialurad aris asaxuli saerTaSoriso iuridiulnormebSi. es standartebi moicavs adamianiT vaWrobis gansazRvras da xelmomwerisaxelmwifoebisagan (da ara marto maTTan) moiTxovs Trefiqingis msxverplTamimarT Sesabamisi valdebulebebis Sesrulebas.adamianiT vaWroba gulisxmobs yvela qmedebas an ganzraxvas, romelicukavSirdeba piris an pirTa jgufis yidvas, gatacebas, amgvari qmedebebiT mogebismiRebas an, ubralod, aseTi piris Senaxvas, mis motyuebas, iZulebas, SantaJis gziTgamoyenebas.msxverplad miiCneva piri, romelic warmoadgens Zaladobis, motyuebis an damonebisobieqts da romelsac dakarguli aqvs sakuTari Sromisa da sxeulisgakontrolebis saSualeba.rac Seexeba TviTon vaWrobis aqts, romlis ZiriTad elementad miiCneva motyueba,msxverpli SeiZleba Tanaxma iyos, Caebas seqsualur industriaSi, magram uarsacxadebs monur pirobebze, minimalur anazRaurebaze da a.S.eqspluatacia niSnavs prostitucias an seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva formas,iZulebiT muSaobas an momsaxurebas, monobas an monobasTan gaigivebul mdgomareobas,dabeCavebas an sxeulidan organoebis, organos nawilis an qsovilis amokveTasgayidvis an gadanergvis mizniT.savalo kabala _ mdgomareoba, sadac valis gadauxdelobis sanacvlodSesrulebuli samuSaos anazRaureba ar iTvleba valis dafarvad da samuSaosxangrZlivoba da forma gansazRvruli ar aris.monobasTan gaigivebuli mdgomareoba ewodeba muSaobas an momsaxurebas,rasac pirovneba iZulebiT asrulebs.daniSnulebis qveyana _ bolo saxelmwifo, romlis teritoriazec xdebaadamianiT vaWrobis msxverplTa sxvadasxva saxis eqspluatacia.mimwodebeli qveyana _ saxelmwifo, romlis teritoriidanac gahyavT adamianebi.tranzituli qveyana _ qveyana, romlis teritoriis gavliT xdeba msxverplTagayvana.SantaJi gulisxmobs, aiZulo adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpli, Caidinos raime moqmedebaiZulebiT, msxverplis ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavebis qonebis dazianebis anganadgurebis muqariT an maTze makomprometirebeli informaciis gavrcelebis SiSiT.adamianiT movaWre, Trefiqeri _ piri an organizacia (fizikuri an iuridiulipiri, pirTa jgufi), romelic sCadis, monawileobs an usityvod eTanxmeba (egueba)nebismier im qmedebas, rasac moicavs Trefiqingis cneba. 8surogati deda _ qali, romelic xelovnuri ganayofierebis meTodiT anembrionis implantaciiT aCens bavSvs. 9zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT Trefiqingis sxvadasxvaaspeqtebi, dakavSirebuli: a) adamianebis transportirebasTan, b) samuSaosSesrulebis an sxva saqmianobis iZulebis meTodebTan, g) materialur gamorCenasTan.8ix. venis 10-11 ivnisis (1996 w.) konferenciis masalebi `qalTa Trefiqingi seqsualuri eqspluataciismizniT~.9ix. “Ïðåâåíöèÿ íåëåãàëüíîé òðóäîâîé ìèãðàöèè è òðåôèêèíãà”, Òá., 2003 ã. ñòð. 8.184

2. Trefiqingis niSnebiTrefiqingis cnebas axasiaTebs Sedmdegi niSnebi:a) qmedeba, rodesac erTi piri arRvevs meoris uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebsmaterialuri an sxva saxis mogebis misaRebad;b) msxverplisTvis piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTis CamorTmeva;g) dakabaleba;d) iZulebiTi Sroma;e) Tavisuflad gadaadgilebisa da informaciis SezRudva;v) motyueba an ndobis borotad gamoyeneba.Trefiqingis procesi SeiZleba daiyos sam ZiriTad stadiad: gadmobireba,transportireba, eqspluatacia. masSi monawileoben danaSaulebrivi organizaciisSemdegi wevrebi: organizatori, gadmombirebeli, gamcilebeli, momxmarebeli(eqspluatatori), Suamavali, damxmare, mfarveli (e.w. `kriSa~). am kargad organizebulsqemaSi TiToeul maTgans garkveuli funqcia da pasuxismgebloba akisria:organizatori aris e.w. `avtoriteti~, romelic akontrolebs sistemas, anawilebsSemosavlebs da ideologiurad uzrunvelyofs damnaSaveTa jgufs.gadmombirebelia piri, romelic uSualod ukavSirdeba msxverpls da sxvadasxvameTodebiT aRwevs mizans. gamcileblis funqciaSi Sedis sazRvarze xalxisgadayvana. Suamavali aris piri, romelic amyarebs kavSirs gadmombirebels,gamcilebelsa da gamomyenebels Soris. damxmare piris funqciaSi Sedis sxvadasxvamomsaxureba, magaliTad, msxverplis dacva, yalbi dokumentis damzadeba,danaSaulebrivi kvalis dafarva-mospoba da a.S. gamomyenebeli (eqspluatatori)aris piri, romelic ukanonod iyenebs adamianis fizikur SesaZleblobebs. racSeexeba mfarvels, igi umetes SemTxvevaSi saxelisuflebo struqturiswarmomadgenelia, romelic uzrunvelyofs mTel am saqmianobas.185

Tavi IITrefiqingis saxeebi da principebi1. Trefiqingis saxeebiTrefiqingis formebi uSualod ukavSirdeba kriminaluri eqspluataciis saxeebs.kriminaluri zewola iyofa Semdeg saxeebad:a) fizikuri iZuleba;b) ekonomikuri Zaladoba;g) fsiqikuri Zaladoba;d) ukanono damokidebuleba;e) monoba da masTan gaigivebul mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba.msxverpli ganicdis Semdegi saxis kriminalur eqspluatacias: a) Sromiseqspluatacias momsaxurebis sferoSi; b) Sromis eqspluatacias warmoebisa dasoflis meurneobis sferoSi; g) Sromis eqspluatacias kriminaluri biznesissferoSi; d) piris eqspluatacias seqsindustriaSi; e) adamianis fiziologiuriparametrebis eqspluatacias organoebis an qsovilebis transplantaciisaTvis;v) surogat dedebad qalebis gamoyenebas.Trefiqers adamianebi, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda qalebi da bavSvebi motyuebiTmihyavs sxvadasxva qveynebSi an qveynis SigniT romelime teritoriaze da yidismaT. saqarTveloSi arsebobs erTi SexedviT oficialurad registrirebuli dalegaluri sxvadasxva dasaxelebis organizaciebi: modelebis saagento, samogzaurobiuro, sazRvargareT SromiTi mowyobis samsaxuri, bavSvTa momvlelebis ` au-pair~samsaxuri, studentebis gacvlis saagento, adamianTa gacnobis adgilobrivi dasaerTaSoriso samsaxuri. ukanasknel xans sainformacio saSualebebSi gaCndagancxadebebi, TiTqos niu-iorkSi teroristuli aqtebis Sedegad dangreulimsoflio savaWro centrebis mSeneblobaze muSebsa da specialistebs iwveven _es axali msxverplis xelSi Casagdebad gamiznuli adamianiT movaWreebis morigixrikia. 10 kriminaluri dajgufebebi amgvari TaRliTobiT axerxeben adamianTandobis mopovebas da saamisod iyeneben naTesavebs, mezoblebs, TanamSromlebs,nacnob-megobrebs. Sedegad motyuebulebi aralegalur `monur~ pirobebSi xvdebian.qalebs da bavSvebs (xSirad mamakacebsac) e.w. `damqiraveblebi~ aiZuleben, xelimihyon prostitucias, dabalanazRaurebad (SeiZleba saerTodac ufaso) Sav samuSaos,risTvisac damnaSaveebs aprobirebuli meTodebi gaaCniaT: dokumentebis CamorTmeva,savalo kabala, fizikuri Seuracxyofa, fsiqologiuri Zaldataneba, izolacia,fiqtiuri xelmowera (daqorwineba), yalbi vizebis gaformeba da a.S.ama Tu im qveyanaSi CayvanisTanave aseT adamianebs arTmeven sabuTebs. bunebrivia,usabuTo, enis, qveynis ucodinari pirovneba mijaWvuli xdeba e.w. `patronze~ dausityvod emorCileba mis nebismier moTxovnas. garda amisa, uformebenxelSekrulebas, romlis ZaliTac xelfasidan xangrZlivad eqviTeba is gaweulixarjebi, romelic e.w. `damqiravebelma~ gaiRo. es SeiZleba iyos vizis Rirebuleba,gzis xarji. garda amisa, specialuri teqnikis saSualebiT afiqsireben masalas,romelsac SeuZlia piris kompromentireba, emuqrebian am masalebis gamoaSkaravebiT,xSirad mimarTaven maT mimarT fizikur Zaladobas da a.S. (gasaTvaliswinebelia10ix. gaz. `metropoli~, 2001 w. #5, gv. 1.186

isic, rom germaniisa da Sveicariis kanonmdebloba ar krZalavs ucxo qveynismoqalaqis prostituciaSi Cabmas). 11damnaSaveTa am jgufebs kargad aqvT damuSavebuli fsiqologiuri ZaldatanebismeTodebi. isini TiToeul pirze amomwurav informacias floben. amitomdasaSineblad aqtiurad iyeneben muqaras, SantaJs (mag., bavSvis gatacebis, ojaxisganadgurebis muqara) da a.S. amas xels uwyobs saelCoebTan imedgacruebuliadamianebis rigebi, rac uiolebs Trefiqerebs, advilad SearCion potenciuri`mona~. aqedan gamomdinare, adamianiT vaWrobasTan dakavSirebuli danaSauliszrdis tendencia gasagebia, mizezi ki _ martivi. msoflio bazarze monureqspluataciaze mudmivi moTxovnilebaa da didi mogebac moaqvs. yovelwliuradmsoflio masStabiT milionobiT adamiani xdeba aralegaluri vaWrobis msxverpli.amas danaSaulebrivi sindikatisaTvis 17 miliardamde aSS dolaris Semosavalimoaqvs. daaxloebiT aseT sargebels iZleva migrantTa aralegaluri gadayvanacsazRvarze, rac `Tanamedrove monobis~ formad ganixileba. 12`adamianiT vaWrobis biznesi damnaSaveTa samyarosaTvis erT-erTi `mimzidveli~saqmianoba gaxda. zogierTi saerTaSoriso danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba masnarkotikebiT vaWrobasTan SedarebiTac ki upiratesobas aniWebs, radganac iginakleb energias moiTxovs, naklebriskiani da maRalSemosavliania. 13 garda amisa,narkotikis gayidva erTjeradi aqtia, adamianis Semosavlis wyarod gamoyeneba kixangrZlivad aris SesaZlebeli. amasTan, es procesi xasiaTdeba maqsimalurilatenturobiT _ dazaralebuls an fizikurad ar SeuZlia mimarTos policias,an eSinia am nabijis gadadgmis, radgan igi aralegaluri emigrantia.aqedan gamomdinare, adamianiT vaWroba msoflios mraval saxelmwifoSiagavrcelebuli, rasac xels uwyobs rig qveynebSi arsebuli mZime socialurekonomikuripirobebi.iuridiul literaturaSi am qmedebis zusti definicia ar arsebobs. saerTaSorisodokumentebSi mas ewodeba: `adamianiT kontrabanda~, `adamianiT vaWroba~ 14 , `ukanonogadaadgileba da eqspluatacia~, `ukanono migracia~ 15 da a.S. miuxedavad amisa,kriminologTa umetesoba amjobinebs definicias `adamianiT vaWroba~. danaSaulispirvel etaps warmoadgens msxverplis gadmobireba da misi gadaadgilebaeqspluataciis an gayidvis mizniT. adamianis damorCilebis sxvadasxva xerxiarsebobs. is SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes an ar ukavSirdebodes yidva-gayidvas.mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs adamianis yidva sxva pirisagan SemdgomSi misi gadayidvismizniT da adamianis damorCileba motacebiT, motyuebiT da sxva saSualebiT.ufro xSirad mimarTaven motyuebas. amisaTvis Trefiqerebi iyeneben masobriviinformaciis saSualebebs da adamianebs hirdebian sazRvargareT dasaqmebas. racSeexeba adamianTa gatacebas, es ufro xSiria iseT regionebSi, sadac politikuriarastabilurobaa an saomari moqmedebebi mimdinareobs.11ix. Shelly L., Criminal Kaleidoscope. The Diversification and Adaptation of Criminal activities in the Soviet Successor states// European Journal of Crime. Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. Vol. 3. 1996. P. 248-252.12ix. Widgeon J. Multilateral Cooperation to Combat Trafficking in Migrants and the Role of International Organization. Paperpresented at the 11 th IOM Seminar on International Response to Trafficking in Migrants and the Migration and Organized Crime// Trends in Organized Crime. 1996. Vol. 2, N. 2, p. 58. Safeguarding of Migrant Rights. Geneva. 1994. Oct., p. 5-6; US migration:passport smuggles earn billions for their wares. Inter press Service English News Wire. New York. Dec. 16. 1996.13ix. Smith P. Chinese migrant trafficking; a global challenge // Human Smuggling: Chinese Migrant Trafficking and he Challengeto America’s Immigrant Tradition. Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies. 1997. Stocker S. Organized Crimeas a Growth Factor for Cases of Trade in Persons // Organized Crime and Corruption #1. 2000. p. 58.14ix. e.g.: Trafficking of Migrants. IOM Policy and Responses. March. 1999. p. 4-5; Draft Protocol to Prevent. Suppress andPunish Trafficking in Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. unitedNations. Vienna. October 1999 p. 4, etc.15ix. Trafficking in Human Beings: Implications for the OSCE, ODIHR Background Paper, 1999/3.187

adamianTa dauflebas maTi Semdgomi gamoyenebisaTvis interesebis mixedviT yofen:1) Semdgom gasayidad;2) uSualo eqspluataciisaTvis.gasayidad adamianis gadmobireba, daufleba xdeba Trefiqeris mier cocxalisaqonliT bazris momaragebisaTvis, maTi mizani aralegalur eqspluataciaSiadamianTa Cabma da garkveuli fuladi Semosavalia. Trefiqeri erT qalzedaaxloebiT 200-dan 500 dolaramde oRebs, safasuri damokidebulia imaze, pirdapirmieyideba msxverpli momxmarebels Tu Suamavlis meSveobiT.aseT SemTxvevaSi gadmombirebeli Tu Suamavali TviTon ar eweva uSualodadamianebis eqspluatacias, is gasamrjelos iRebs mxolod maTi gayidvis Semdeg.xSirad axali `patroni~ adamians xelaxla yidis da sxva qveyanaSi gadayvanilipirovneba sxvadasxva `patronis~ xelSi xvdeba.Suamavlebi da gadmombireblebi msxverpls hpirdebian sabuTebis gakeTebas, bileTissafasuris, gzis xarjebis avansad gadaxdas. uformeben xelSekrulebebs, rom esTanxebi daifareba misi dasaqmebis Semdeg, roca maTi gamomuSaveba saSualod1500-3000 aSS dolari iqneba. adgilze Cayvanis Semdeg msxverpli xvdeba umZimespirobebSi da xSirad asrulebs gauTvaliswinebel samuSaos umciresianazRaurebiT an sulac ufasod. qalTa umravlesobas ZiriTadad asaqmebenseqsindustriaSi.rac Seexeba adamianTa gadaadgilebas, arsebobs ori ZiriTadi xerxi: pirveli:piri nebayoflobiT Tanxmdeba, aformebs sabuTebs da sazRvarze gadadislegalurad, meore: piri Tanaxmaa, aralegalurad gadaiyvanon sazRvarze.aralegaluri emigrantebis eqspluatacia globalur biznesad gadaiqca, romelsackriminaluri organizaciebisaTvis (sindikati) yovelwliurad uzarmazariSemosavali moaqvs 16 . xdeba Sida gadaadgilebac _ erTi regionidan meore regionSi.sazRvris kanonieri gadakveTisas daculia kanonis yvela moTxovna, sabuTebisgaformebis wesi. firmebi da organizaciebi, romlebic ewevian `cocxali saqonlis~gadabirebas, TviTon aformeben sazRvarze gadasasvlelad saWiro yvela dokuments.umetesad formdeba samTviani turistuli sagzuri. ase magaliTad, 1994 welsSveicariam gasca 1074 viza e.w. `msaxiob qalebze~. maTi umravlesoba aRmosavleTevropidan da ruseTis federaciidan iyo. 17TurqeTis saelCos monacemebiT, vizis msurvelTa 80% qalia, maTi didi nawilidakavebulia wvrili vaWrobiT, magram sakmao raodenoba gasarTob seqtorSimuSaobs. interpolis 1997 wlis monacemebiT, prostituciisaTvis TurqeTSi daakavessaqarTvelos 98 qali moqalaqe. 2000 wlis ivlisSi trapizonidan TurqeTispoliciis mier deportirebuli iqna dsT-s qveynebis 126 moqalaqe, romlebicprostituciiT iyvnen dakavebulni.evropis uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciam (euTo) gamoaqveyna moxsenebasazRvrebis ukanono gadakveTis Sesaxeb, sadac saqarTvelo moxseniebulia, rogorcukanono imigrantebis erT-erTi potenciuri wyaro. sakiTxi exeba belgiaSi qalebisgayvanas. ufro seriozuli simptomebi ikveTeba israelSi wasvlasTan da ukanonogadayvanasTan dakavSirebiT. SeiniSneba fiqtiur qorwinebaTa ricxvis zrda ebraelmamakacebTan. `qorwinebebi~ xdeboda kviprosSi, romlis Semdegac qalebis kvali16ix.: Widgeon J. Multilateral Cooperation to Combat Trafficking in Migrants and the Role of International Organization. Paperpresented at the 11 th IOM Seminar on International Response to Trafficking in Migrants and the Migration and Organized Crime// Trends in Organized Crime. 1996. Vol. 2, N. 2, p. 58. Safeguarding of Migrant Rights. Geneva. 1994. Oct., p. 5-6; US migration:passport smuggles earn billions for their wares. Inter press Service English News Wire. New York. Dec. 16. 1996.17ix. MOM Budapest, Hungary, May 1995.188

ikargeboda. ramdenime wlis win israelis bordelebSi dakavebuli saqarTvelos5 moqalaqe qveynidan gaaZeves. 18adamianTa sazRvarze aralegalur gadayvanas mimarTaven iseT dros, rodesac ararsebobs maTi legalurad gadayvanis SesaZlebloba. aralegaluritransportirebis gansazRvreba Cadebulia monobis sawinaaRmdego konvenciisdamatebiTi protokolis teqstSi, iqve mocemulia amomwuravi sia im meTodebisa,romelTa gamoyenebiTac xdeba adamianebis kriminaluri eqspluatacia. 19 es umetesadxdeba yalbi sabuTebiT. am gziT gadayvanili piri bolomde mijaWvulia `patronze~.eqspluatirebulTa Soris gvxvdebian orive sqesis warmomadgenlebi. 20kriminologebis mier Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, mamakacebi procentuladufro naklebad arian Cabmuli `eqspluataciaSi~, vidre qalebi _ isini saerToraodenobis mxolod 2%-s Seadgenen.motyuebulebis mimarT xSirad gamoiyeneba fizikuri iZuleba, iqneba es sxeulissxvadasxva saxis dazianeba Tu wamebis sxva saSualebani. aseT SemTxvevaSi msxverplssTavazoben garkveuli cxovrebis wess, romelsac unda daemorCilos usityvod.niderlandebSi 250 gamokiTxul am kategoriis qalTa Soris 177 fizikurizemoqmedebis Sedegad aRmoCnda Cabmuli seqsindustriaSi.fsiqologiur zemoqmedebas axdenen TviT msxverplze an mis axloblebze, ewevianSantaJs ojaxis wevrebis ganadgurebis an daSinebis meTodebiT. aseT adamianebsarwmuneben, rom is qveyanaSi aralegalurad imyofeba da amis gamoaSkaravebisSemTxvevaSi dasja ar ascdeba.ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba gulisxmobs mdgomareobas, rodesac `eqspluatatorsa~da `msxverpls~ Soris arsebobs materialuri xasiaTis urTierToba, romlisgawyvetac msxverpls ar ZaluZs. ase magaliTad, imisaTvis, rom qali moxvdesgermaniaSi, mas esaWiroeba 5500-7700 aSS dolari, raSic Sedis pasportis damzadeba,vizis gaformeba da bileTebis yidva. aseTi Tanxa sazRvargareT wamsvlelTaumetesobas ar aqvs, riTac sargebloben `patronebi~, zogierT SemTxvevaSi msxverplsvalTan erTad yidian da mas valad daaxloebiT 35000 dolari uwesdeba.samarTlebrivi damokidebuleba gulisxmobs fiqtiur an iZulebiT qorwinebas,Svilad ayvanas, meurveobis an mzrunvelobis formebs, rac ar iTvaliswinebsojaxis Seqmnas. aq SeiZleba gamovyoT: a) samarTlebrivi damokidebulebaqorwinebasTan dakavSirebiT da b) samarTlebrivi damokidebuleba SviladayvanasTan dakavSirebiT.pirvel SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs qorwinebis gziT erT-erTis eqspluatacias,magaliTad, roca “qmari” ama Tu im qveynis moqalaqea, qali eqceva izolaciaSi da,unda ar unda, akmayofilebs e.w. qmris nebismier moTxovnas. qmari mas emuqrebadeportaciiT, radgan moqalaqeobis miRebas didi dro sWirdeba.meore SemTxvevaSi gavlenis qveS eqcevian bavSvebi, romelTa gamoyeneba daeqspluatacia xdeba `mSoblis~ mier. bavSvTa (pirobiTad vgulisxmobT 18 wlamdeasakis nebismier pirovnebas) 21 bizness didi mogeba moaqvs damnaSaveTa samyarosaTvis,samwuxarod, saqarTveloSic gaxSirda sazRvargareT gasayvanad da gasayidadSvilad ayvanis SemTxvevebi, ase magaliTad:18migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis angariSi, Tb., 2000 w. seqtemberi.19Ibid. Article 2, paragraph 2.20Ðûíîê íåíóæíûõ äåòåé // Èòîãè. 1997 ¹20 ñ. 60-66. Äîõîäíûå äåòè // Êîìåðñàíò-Daily. 1997, 15 àïðåëÿ,¹52, ñ. 14.21Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention againstTransnational Organized Crime.189

1. 2003 wlis 26 marts imereTis saolqo prokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlissaqme arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis faqtebze saqarTvelos ssk-is 172-e muxlispirveli, meore da mesame nawilebiT.gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom 2001-2002 wlebSi arasrulwlovanTa yidva-gayidvis dasazRvargareT gayvanis mizniT saqarTveloSi ucxoel moqalaqeTa mier CamoyalibdadanaSaulebrivi jgufi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi, sxvebTan erTad, iyvnen imereTismxarisa da dasavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionis samSobiaro saxlebisTanamSromlebi.aRniSnuli jgufi moqmedebda Semdegi sqemiT: ucxouri saSuamavlo organizaciiswarmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi avrcelebda informacias bavSvis ayvanis survilisSesaxeb, rasac masTan daaxloebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis meSveobiTatyobinebda imereTis mxaris teritoriaze ganlagebuli samSobiaro saxlebisTanamSromlebs. saavadmyofos muSakebi, mZime ekonomikursocialuri pirobebiTdaTrgunul im mSobelTa aRmoCenisTanave, romlebic Tanxmobas acxadebdnen bavSvisgaSvilebis an gayidvis Sesaxeb, ukavSirdebodnen ucxouri saSuamavloorganizaciis warmomadgenels, gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis ki gasamrjelos iRebdnen.ucxoeli Suamavali zogjer TviTon naxulobda bavSvs da amowmebda misjanmrTelobas. mas Semdeg, rac darwmundeboda bavSvis janmrTelobaSi, acxadebdaTanxmobas mis SeZenaze da ukavSirdeboda sazRvargareT bavSvis ayvanis mosurneojaxs. saqarTveloSi bavSvis SeZenis msurvelTa Camosvlamde da Sesabamisidokumentaciis gaformebamde bavSvebs droebiT, garkveuli anazRaurebis safasurad,uvlidnen garkveuli pirebi.saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli jgufis wevrebi sargeblobdnensakanonmdeblo xarveziT: TiTqosda, samoqalaqo kodeqsiT maT SesaZleblobaeZleodaT, pirdapir mieSvilebinaT bavSvi ucxoeli moqalaqisaTvis. amisaTvisisini adgendnen yalb sabuTebs, romlebSic bavSvis mSoblebad miuTiTebdnen maTmier moZebnil arabiologiur mSoblebs. am dokumentebze fiqtiuri mSoblebisxelmoweras adasturebda notariusi, romelic ar interesdeboda, dokumentSimiTiTebuli pirebi namdvilad iyvnen Tu ara bavSvis mSoblebi; icnobdnen Tuara realuri gamSvileblebi axal mSoblebs da Tanaxma iyo Tu ara mSobeli,bavSvi konkretuli pirisaTvis mieSvilebina.realurad arc erTi gamSvilebeli ar icnobda da ar Sexvedria misi Svilisaxal mSobels. maTi mxridan bavSvis movla-patronobaze uaris Tqma xsenebulbavSvebs mzrunvelobis gareSe tovebda, ris Semdgom maTi gaSvilebis proceduraunda ganxorcielebuliyo ara samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirdapirigaSvilebis wesiT, aramed `Svilad ayvanis wesis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonismoTxovnis Sesabamisad. ase daculia rogorc bavSvis, ise saxelmwifos interesebida gaSvilebisaTvis dawesebulia eqvsTviani vada. am xnis ganmavlobaSi ganaTlebissaministros centraluri da regionuli organoebi valdebulni arian,uzrunvelyon bavSvis miSvileba saqarTvelos teritoriaze mudmivad mcxovrebiojaxebisaTvis. bavSvis sazRvargareT, sxva saxelmwifoSi gaSvileba dasaSvebiamxolod mzrunvelobis gareSe darCenili bavSvis Sesabamis sainformacio bankSiregistraciidan 6 Tvis Semdeg da Tu arsebobs saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis miermisi Svilad ayvanis SeuZleblobis damadasturebeli dokumentacia.zemoT miTiTebuli meqanizmis arakanonierebaze metyvelebs isic, rom bavSvisgaSvilebis rogorc pirdapiri, ise `Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb~ kanonis moTxovnissafuZvelze ganaTlebis saministros Sesabamisi organoebis garda, yvela sxvafizikur da iuridiul pirs ekrZaleba am procesSi monawileoba. amave dros,pirdapiri gaSvilebis SemTxvevaSic ki, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1243-e muxlis Tanaxmad,190

akrZalulia Svilad ayvana warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, Tumca am muxlis moTxovnarealurad ar sruldeba.mocemul saqmeze gamoZiebiT dadginda arasrulwlovanTa sazRvargareT ukanonogaSvilebisa da arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobis 20 faqti. mokvlevisa da gamoZiebisprocesSi sazRvargareT ukanono gaSvilebas gadaurCa 2 Cvili bavSvi, romelicamJamad izrdeba qarTul ojaxebSi. arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobasa da yalbidokumentebis SedgenaSi mxilebulia 12 piri.sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 2003 wlis 6 ivniss Setanili cvlilebebisa dadamatebebis Sedegad, 172-e muxlidan (romliTac isjeboda arasrulwlovniTvaWroba) amoiRes me-2, me-3, me-4 nawilebi da muxli Camoyalibda Semdegi saxiT:`arasrulwlovnis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba Svilad ayvanismizniT~. imavdroulad, ssk-s daemata 143 2 muxli _ arasrulwlovniT vaWroba(Trefiqingi), romelSic gadajgufda saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis172-e muxlis me-2, me-3, me-4 nawilebis debulebebi, kerZod: arasrulwlovnis yidvagayidva,mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba,gadayvana, gadamalva anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT. amdenad, aRniSnuli muxliTdasjadia qmedeba, romelic miznad isaxavs eqspluatacias.rogorc vxedavT, kanonmdebelma erTmaneTisagan gamijna arasrulwlovnis yidvamisi Svilad ayvanis mizniT da arasrulwlovnis yidva eqspluataciis mizniT.aqedan gamomdinare, 2003 wlis 6 ivniss saqarTvelos ssk-Si Setanili cvlilebebisSedegad, 172-e muxlma (1999 wlis 22 ivlisis redaqcia) meore, mesame da meoTxenawilebis amoRebiT ganicada dekriminalizacia, kerZod, Tu pirma arasrulwlovaniiyida Svilad asayvanad, misi qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes saqarTvelos ssk-is172-e muxliT (2003 wlis 6 ivnisis redaqciiT).aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo novaciidan gamomdinare, konkretuli sisxlissamarTlis saqme ssk-is 172-e muxlis mesame nawilidan gadavida amave muxlispirvel nawilSi. amasTan, calke warmoebad gamoiyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmesamtrediis samSobiaro saxlis direqtor T. gabiCvaZis, amave samSobiarosganyofilebis gamge i. maCitiZis da ufrosi eqTnis, n. koxreiZe-foCxuas mimarTarasrulwlovniT ukanono vaWrobis faqtze. orive saqmeze (sul 12 piris mimarT)amJamad gamotanilia gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.2. 2003 wlis 16 ivliss Sida qarTlis saolqo prokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlissamarTlis saqme saqarTvelos ssk-is 172-e muxlis mesame nawilis `a~ da `g~qvepunqtebiT.gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom daaxloebiT 2002 wlis Semodgomaze saqarTveloSiukrainidan Camovida n. kuduxaSvili-aleqseeva, romelic daqorwinebuli iyovinme v. aleqseevze da masTan erTad sxvadasxva periodSi cxovrobda jer germaniaSi,xolo Semdeg ukrainaSi. 20-25 wlis ganmavlobaSi igi saqarTveloSi ar yofila.2002 wlis noemberSi n. kuduxaSvili-aleqseeva daukavSirda Tavis naTesavebs _ n.eSmakuraSvils da n. oTiaSvils, romelTac SesTavaza, daxmarebodnen Cvili bavSvebisyidvaSi garkveuli gasamrjelos safasurad. amasTan, maT movaleobaSi SediodaCvili bavSvebis droebiT movla-patronoba, raSic damatebiT miiRebdnen Tanxas.n. eSmakuraSvilma Seigula goris raionis sofel maranSi mcxovrebi qvrivi,ekonomikurad gaWirvebuli, 26 wlis S. batkuaSvili, romelic im droisaTvis 7-8Tvis fexmZime iyo. n. eSmakuraSvilma igi daiyolia, gaeyida bavSvi. 2002 wlis 28dekembers goris raionis samSobiaroSi S. batkuaSvils SeeZina gogona – sofiko,romelic 2003 wlis 5 ianvars n. eSmakuraSvilma waiyvana Tavis saxlSi, gorSi,erTi Tvis Semdeg gadaiyvana kaspis raionis sofel xovleSi, saidanac winaswariSeTanxmebisamebr n. kuduxaSvili-aleqseevam gamoZiebis am etapze daudgenel191

Tanxad mihyida savaraudod espaneTis moqalaqes. gamoZiebiT aseve dadgenilia 5Cvili bavSvis yidva-gayidvis faqti. n. kuduxaSvilis mimarT sasamarTlos miergaica dapatimrebis brZaneba da gamocxadda Zebna.3. 2003 wlis 18 agvistos saqarTvelos generaluri prokuraturis sagamoZiebonawilSi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 172-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT,amave muxlis me-3 nawilis `a~, `b~, `g~, `e~ punqtebiTa da 362-e muxlis me-2 nawilis`a~ qvepunqtiT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme pirTa jgufis mimarT maT mier2002-2003 wlebSi arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobisa da arasrulwlovnebTandakavSirebiT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcielebis faqtebze: 2002 wels (zustiTariRi daudgenelia) arasrulwlovnebis yidva-gayidvis da maTi sazRvargareTukanonod gayvanis mizniT m. wifuriam gurjaanis raionis sofel kolagis mkvidris,l. xositaSvilis, sofel axaSenis mkvidris, saaqcio sazogadoeba gurjaanissamSobiaro saxlis bavSvTa ganyofilebis sanitris, e. utiaSvilis, amave samSobiarosaxlis mimRebi ganyofilebis meddis, m. napirelis SemadgenlobiT Seqmna jgufi.man l. xositaSvils, e. utiaSvils da m. napirels daunawila funqciebi. amukanasknelT unda moeZebnaT mSoblebi, romlebic apirebdnen arasrulwlovaniSvilebis gayidvas, raSic TiToeuls gadauxdida 100-100 aSS dolars, xolomSoblebs _ maT mier moTxovnil Tanxas. 2002 wlis ivlisSi l. xositaSvilma dae. utiaSvilma moZebnes dedofliswyaros raionis mcxovrebi, vinme lela, romelsacSeuTanxmdnen, rom misi ori Tvis vaJs SeiZendnen 350 aSS dolarad. amis Semdegl. xositaSvili Camovida TbilisSi, Sexvda m. wifurias da acnoba, rom misidavaleba Sesrulebuli iyo. l. xositaSvilma da e. utiaSvilma bavSvidedofliswyarodan Camoiyvanes TbilisSi da gadasces m. wifurias, romelmacSeTanxmebisamebr gadauxada gasamrjelo. ase gaiyida 10 bavSvi (dadgenilia mxolod6 maTganis vinaoba), romelic ukanonod gaiyvanes, ZiriTadad, amerikis SeerTebulStatebSi.saqarTvelos ssk-is 172-e muxlSi Setanili zemomiTiTebuli cvlilebebidangamomdinare, mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme dakvalificirda 172-e muxlis InawiliT da 2003 wlis 30 dekembers sisxlis ssamarTlis saqme 9 piris mimarTwarimarTa gurjaanis raionul sasamarTloSi.monoba da masTan gaTanabrebuli mdgomareoba. monoba adamianiseqspluataciis yvelaze saSiSi da damamcirebeli formaa. gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciam Tavis droze miiRo konvencia monobis akrZalvis Taobaze, SemdgomSikonvenciis protokolic xazs usvams Tanamedrove civilizebuli msofliossircxvils, uwodebs monobas da masTan gaTanabrebul adamianis mdgomareobas. 22verc saqarTvelo gadaurCa am mankierebas, saqarTvelos araerTi moqalaqe iqnagadayvanili CeCneTSi, romlebic aRmoCndnen monur mdgomareobaSi. rac SeexebamonobasTan gaTanabrebul mdgomareobas, aq igulisxmeba monur SromaSi Cabmuliadamiani umciresi anazRaurebiT.adamianis Sromis gamoyeneba xdeba fizikur da inteleqtualur sferoebSi.pirvel SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia adamianis fizikuri SesaZleblobani,inteleqtualuri Sroma ki gulisxmobs maTi ganaTlebisa da gamocdilebisgamoyenebas sawarmoo Tu sxva Sesabamis sferoSi.seqsualur sferoSi adamianis Cabma gulisxmobs misi SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas,rac kanoniT akrZaluli ar aris. ase magagaliTad. axalgazrda, mimzidveliqalebis gamoyeneba im qveynebis striptizbarebsa da bordelebSi, sadac esnebadarTulia.22ix. Ïðèëîæåíèå II ïðîòîêîë î ïðåäóïðåæäåíèè ïðåñå÷åíèÿ òîðãîâëè îñîáåííî æåíùèíàìè, è íàêàçàíèè çàíåå, äîïîëíÿþùàÿ êîíâåíöèþ ÎÎÍ ïðîòèâ òðàíñíàöèîíàëüíîé îðãàíèçîâàííîé ïðåñòóïíîñòè.192

fizikur SromaSi Cabmuli msxverpli SeiZleba `patronis~ ojaxs emsaxurebodesan dasaqmebuli iyos sayofacxovrebo sferoSi da a.S.arsebobs adamianis eqspluatacia danaSaulebrivi biznesis sferoSi. es niSnavspiris Cabmas iseT saqmianobaSi, romelic kanoniTaa akrZaluli, mag., SeiaraRebuldajgufebebSi CarTva, pornobiznesis warmoeba, prostituciaSi Cabma an akrZalulisagnebis, falsificirebuli produqciis, narkotikebis warmoeba da a.S.adamianiT vaWrobis sferoSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs qalebiT vaWrobasda seqsualur industriaSi maT CarTvas, rasac, eqspertTa monacemebiT,yovelwliurad 7-12 miliard amerikul dolaramde Semosavali moaqvs. am xnismanZilze seqsindustriaSi monawileobs 2 milionamde qali da bavSvi. 23samarTlebrivi bazis arasrulyofilebis gamo Zneldeboda am saxis danaSaulTagamovlena da Trefiqerebis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema, radganaseTi danaSauli atarebs latentur xasiaTs. amasTan, msoflios mraval qveyanasdRemde ar gaaCnia srulyofili kanonmdebloba, romelic gamoricxavda adamianiTvaWrobas. saubaria iseT qveynebze, romlebic esazRvreba saqarTvelos, maT Soris,ruseTis federacia, somxeTi, azerbaijani da a.S. saqarTvelo dRemde ganixileboda,rogorc satranzito qveyana (Tumca mimwodebelic aris). ZiriTadad,Trefiqirebulebi gahyavT TurqeTSi, saberZneTSi, israelSi, germaniaSi, evropis,CrdiloeT amerikis, aziisa da axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebSi.saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT TbilisSi, gaxSirda adamianebis gauCinarebisa daamoucnobi gvamebis povnis faqtebi. am ukanasknelT sxvadasxva organoebi aqvTamoRebuli. es badebs eWvs, rom saqme gvaqvs adamianis organoebiT aralegalurvaWrobasTan. 24msoflios jandacvis organizaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebis me-5 punqtisTanaxmad, dauSvebelia adamianis (rogorc cocxali, ise gardacvlilis) sxeulisnawilebiT vaWroba, maTi komerciuli garigebis sagnad qceva.saxelmZRvanelo principebi da erovnuli kanonmdebloba krZalavs organoTayidva-gayidvas im mosazrebiT, rom es amoraluri saqcieli gamoiwvevs socialuraddaucveli fenebis kriminalur biznesSi CarTvas.miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdeblobiT akrZalulia adamianis organoebisTvisraime anazRaurebis miReba, iuridiul literaturaSi ar wydeba polemikaanazRaurebadi donorobis Taobaze. 25transplantaciis sferos legaluri warmarTva saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo donezegadawyvetas moiTxovs. am mimarTulebiT ukve gadaidga konkretuli nabijebi,moxerxda saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi donoris uflebebisdamcavi meqanizmebis gaTvaliswineba. kerZod, kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebuliadamamZimebel garemoebebSi Cadenili mkvleloba, sxeulis mZime dazianeba,arasrulwlovniT vaWroba da a.S organoebisa da qsovilebis gadanergvis mizniT.adamianiT vaWrobis, aralegaluri migraciisa da migrantTa ukanono gadayvanisSesaxeb kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli xarvezebis gamo samarTaldamcavi organoebiver axorcieleben im qmediT RonisZiebebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofda amgvarisaqmianobis aRkveTas da maT prevencias.23budapeStSi 2001 wlis 14-21 Tebervals Catarebuli seminaris masalebi.24problemebis mosagvareblad qveyanaSi seriozuli muSaoba mimdinareobs: am kuTxiT aRsaniSnaviasaqarTvelos prezidentis 2001 wlis 23 martis brZanebuleba adamianis organoTa eqsport-importiswesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb (ix. saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne, 26 marti, 2001 weli, #27, III naw.).25ix. m. kvaWaZe, avtoreferati, Tb., 1999 w. gv. 18-19.193

iosamedicino eqsperimentebs aregulirebs Semdegi saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriviaqtebi:niunbergis kodeqsi (1947 w.), romelmac dasabami misca medicinaSi axalisaerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi aqtebis SemuSavebas; Jenevis deklaracia (1948 w.);Jenevis konvenciebi (1949 w.) da 1977 wlis damatebiT oqmebi; helsinkis (1981 w.),veneciis (1964, 1975, 1989 ww. redaqciebi), tokios (1975 w.), lisabonis deklaraciebi(1981 w.); evrosabWos konvencia (1996 w.); iuneskos deklaracia (1997 w.) da sxv. 26mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo adamianebi xSirad iZulebulni arian, gayidonsakuTari organoebi. vaWrebi kargad iyeneben maT gaWirvebas da am saqmianobiTdid sargebelsac naxuloben. donorebis gadabireba sxvadasxva saSualebebiTxdeba: maT hpirdebian sazRvargareT samuSaos da Semdeg aiZuleben, nisiad gayidonTavianTi organoebi (maT uxdian daaxloebiT im Rirebulebis 3%-s, romelsacixdis momxmarebeli) an pirdapir sTavazoben romelime organos gayidvas.RaribebisaTvis es xSirad ojaxis rCenis erTaderTi saSualebaa.adamianis organoebiT vaWroba transnacionaluri danaSaulis erT-erTigavrcelebuli saxea. kanonieri gziT miRebuli adamianis organoebi verakmayofilebs mosaxleobis mzard moTxovnilebas, rac xels uwyobs am procesisukanono gziT warmarTvas.kriminologebis mier Catarebuli analizi iZleva imis Tqmis uflebas, romadamianis organoebisa da donorebis aralegaluri gadaadgilebis marSrutebiemTxveva adamianTa gadaadgilebis marSrutebs. ase rom, adamianis organoebiTaralegalur vaWrobas saerTaSoriso damnaSaveobis arealSi mniSvnelovani adgiliukavia.surogati 27 dedebis eqspluatacia warmodgens qalis organizmis gamoyenebasfexmZimobisa da mSobiarobisaTvis. amis Semdeg bavSvi gasxvisdeba im pirze,romelsac SeuZlia bavSvi gayidos gasaSvileblad an sxva daniSnulebiT, maTSoris transplantaciisaTvis. es SesaZlebelia, rodesac qali gahyavT sazRvargareTda is izolaciaSi atarebs fexmZimobis periods.cnobilia SemTxveva, rodesac ruseTidan amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi samSobiarodgaiyvanes fexmZime qalebi da bavSvebi gaaSviles. am dros erTad gvardeba ramdenimeproblema: bavSvi ibadeba aSS-s moqalaqed da aRaraa saWiro formaluriprocedurebiSvilad ayvanisTvis. dedas momsaxurebisaTvis uxdian mcire safasurs,ZiriTad Tanxas ki eufleba `Suamavali~, romelmac monaxa es qali, gaaforma misisabuTebi, Camoiyvana konkretul qveyanaSi, akontrolebda mas mSobiarobamde daa.S. analogiuri situacia dafiqsirda ungreTSi, sadac policiam gamoavlinamTeli qseli, romelic bavSvebs dabadebamde yidda. dagegmili iyo maTi gayvanaaSS-sa da kanadaSi. momavali dedebis sazRvargareT gadayvanis meqanizmi moqmedebdasam weliwadze met xans.haagis deklaraciis protokoliT saerTaSoriso saemigracio organizaciavaldebuli da uflebamosilia, xeli SeuSalos danaSauls, dasajos qalebisa dabavSvebis TrefiqingiT dakavebuli adamianebi. 2826ix. saerTaSoriso aqtebis krebuli, Tb., 2003 w.27surogati dedebis gamoyeneba amerikaSi mxolod ramdenime StatSia nebadarTuli, kaliforniaSi1987 wlidan dakanonda surogati dedebis gamoyeneba. arizonis, miCiganis, niu-iorkis, vaSingtonisda kidev ramdenime StatSi surogati dedebis gamoyeneba jerjerobiT akrZalulia28See: The Hague Ministerial Declaration on European Guidelines for Effective Measures to Prevent and Combat Trafficking inWomen for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation. April 24-26 1997; See: e.g. Trafficking of Migrants. IOM policy and Responses.March. 1999. p. 4-5; See: Revised Draft Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Women and Children,supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. 7 th Session. Vienna. 17-28 Jan 2000.194

2. antiTrefiqinguli princi pebikriminologebi da TrefiqingiT dainteresebuli mkvlevrebi ayalibebenTrefiqingis winaaRmdeg brZolis Semdeg principebs:a) adamianiT movaWreTa (Trefiqerebis) dasjas imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom amprocesSi CarTulia rogorc damnaSaveTa samyaros, ise zogierTi qveynispolitikuri elitis nawilic;b) adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplis (Trefiqirebulis) mdgomareoba ar undadamZimdes, e.i. is ar unda iqces SemdgomSi socialuri da moraluridiskriminaciis obieqtad;g) saxelmwifos mxridan adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplis (Trefiqirebulis)usafrTxoebisa da iuridiuli momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa;d) TrefiqirebulisaTvis marTlmsajulebaze xelmisawvdomoba;e) mWidro TanamSromloba monawile saxelmwifoebis Sesabamis struqturebTan;v) adamianiT vaWrobis (Trefiqingis) problemis saxelmwifo politikis rangSiayvana da misi ganxilva, rogorc adamianis bunebiTi da ZiriTadi uflebebisada Tavisuflebebis Selaxva;z) msxverplTa (TrefiqirebulTa) mimarT profilaqtikuri samarTlebrivi,ekologiuri, socialur-politikuri da informaciuli kompleqsuriRonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba;i) sazogadoebis TanamSromloba saerTaSoriso samTavrobo da arasamTavroboorganizaciebTan..aseTia adamianiT vaWrobis (Trefiqingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis ZiriTadi principebi,ramac unda uzrunvelyos am mZime saerTaSoriso danaSaulis aRkveTa da msxverplTasocialuri reintegracia.195

Tavi IIIucxo qveynebis antiTrefiqinguli kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikisanalizi1. mimwodebeli qveynebiorganizebuli damnaSaveobis saerTaSoriso masStabi aiZulebs msofliocivilizebul qveynebs, ifiqron kanonmdeblobis srulyofaze.adamianiT vaWrobaSi (TrefiqingSi) mravali qveyana monawileobs, maTgan erTnimomxmareblebi arian, meoreni _ mimwodeblebi, mesameni ki _ satranzito qveynebi.aqedan gamomdinare, TiToeuli met-naklebad cdilobs, miiRos antiTrefiqingulikanonebi. samwuxarod, ver vityviT, rom yvela qveynis kanonmdebloba srulyofilia,amdenad, Wirs am movlenis winaaRmdeg efeqturi brZola. Cveni mizania, mokledmimovixiloT im qveynebis Sesabamisi kanonebi, romlebic Cabmuli aRmoCndnenadamianiT vaWrobaSi: magaliTad, ruseTis federaciis kanonmdeblobis srulyofaorganuladaa dakavSirebuli regionSi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebasTan. sadReisodruseTis kanonmdeblobaSi am mxriv yvelaferi rigze veraa: sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 127-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas adamianTaTavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTisaTvis, 126-e muxli _ adamianTa gatacebisaTvis,152-e muxli _ arasrulwlovniT vaWrobisaTvis da sxv. (120, 123, 133, 134, 135, 150, 153, 154,240, 242 muxlebi), magram srulyofilad isini mainc ver agvarebs adamianiT vaWrobisproblemas. ase magaliTad, Tu ganvixilavT ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis126-e muxls, vnaxavT, rom subieqts ekisreba pasuxismgebloba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu issaidumlod, Riad an motyuebiT daeufla pirs. magram adamianiT vaWrobis cnebaSiSedis SemTxvevebic, rodesac piris motaceba ar xdeba. piriqiT, xSirad momavalimsxverpli Tanaxmaa qveynidan gasvlaze, Tundac icodes, rom SesaZlebelia, mismimarT ganxorcieldes kriminaluri eqspluatacia.zogjer qali miemgzavreba sazRvargareT samuSaod damlageblad, oficiantad,Sinamosamsaxured da mxolod iq Seityobs, rom mas evaleba prostitucia. qalebiTvaWroba araviTar finansur Semosavals ar aZlevs im qveynebs, romlebicgvevlinebian mimwodeblis rolSi, samagierod, ikargeba genofondi. garda amisa,transnacionaluri damnaSaveobis es saxe mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli korufciasTanda danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis legalizaciasTan. yvelazemeti moTxovnileba msoflio bazarze aris slavuri warmoSobis, aRmosavleTevropisa da Tanamegobrobis sxva qveynebis susti sqesis warmomadgenlebze.iuridiul literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom ruseTSi arc erTi sisxlissamarTlis saqme ar aRZrula Trefiqingis motivaciiT, vinaidan ruseTisfederaciis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 126-e da 127-e muxlebi ar iTvaliswinebsdanaSaulis aseT Semadgenlobas. arsebobs mxolod operatiuli monacemebigarkveuli firmebis Sesaxeb, romlebic eWvmitanili arian adamianebis gadabirebasada gadaadgilebaSi Semdgomi eqspluataciis mizniT.zemoxsenebuli mizezebis gamo adamianiT vaWroba ar SeiZleba dakvalificirdesarc ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis 240-e muxliT, romelic ariTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas prostituciaSi ZaladobiT CaTrevis an muqarisada SantaJis gziT.Trefiqeris qmedeba yovelTvis ar aris msxverplis mimarT Zaladoba da misigamoyenebis muqara. ufro xSirad mimarTaven sxva meTodebs, raTa morCilebaSiiyolion igi da aiZulon, Seasrulos maTTvis sasurveli qmedebebi, magaliTad:fsiqologiur zemoqmedebas, sabuTebis warTmevas, muqaras, Caabaron msxverpli196

policias. amisi qalebs Zalian eSiniaT, vinaidan Tvlian, rom policia maTisuteniorebis mxarezea. ZiriTadi dabrkoleba, ris gamoc ver xerxdeba adamianisukanonod gadamyvani da eqspluatatori pirebis pasuxisgebaSi micema, aris is,rom am pirTa danaSauli umetesad Tavs iCens ama Tu im qveynis sazRvrebs miRma,e.i. damnaSavis qmedebis Sedegi, magaliTad, saqarTveloSi dawyebuli, mJRavndebaqveynis iurisdiqciis gareT. gasagebia, ratom cdiloben samarTaldamcavebi, gverdiauaron am problemas, vinaidan qveynis kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobasarc adamianTa gadmobirebaze eqspluataciis mizniT da arc maT gayidvaze.miuxedavad dasaxelebuli procesebis transerovnuli xasiaTisa, Tu erovnulikanonmdebloba ar moawesrigebs am movlenis calkeul etapebs, masTan brZolaSeuZlebeli iqneba.amasTan, saxelmwifosTvis prioritetulia adamianis ufleba sicocxleze,Tavisufal gadaadgilebaze, pirad cxovrebaSi Caurevlobaze, Tavisuflebaze, pativsada Rirsebaze, romlebic ar SeiZleba Seilaxos usamarTlod, rasac Trefikerebiborotad iyeneben.miuxedavad amisa, yvela saxelmwifos movaleobaa, daicvas adamianebi, romlebiceqspluatacias ganicdian, Tavis mxriv, moqalaqeebs aqvT ufleba, moiTxovon TavianTikonstituciuri uflebebis dacva.situacias amZimebs isic, rom xSirad vaWrobis msxverpli ama Tu im qveyanaSiaralegalurad imyofeba. isini Tavad gaurbian xelisuflebas da uars ambobenmasTan TanamSromlobaze (xSirad adamianiT movaWreebi maT aSineben dadazaralebulebic damnaSaveebs ar asaxeleben), ris gamoc am saqmeebzemtkicebulebis mopoveba gaZnelebulia.vaWrobis msxverplad xSirad gvevlinebian arasrulwlovnebic. magaliTad viRebTruseTis federaciis kanonmdeblobas, radganac es qveyana yvelaze didimimwodebelia. ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 152-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba arasrulwlovnebis yidva-gayidvasa da maTmimarT Cadenil sxva garigebaze. erTi SexedviT, arasrulwlovnebi, ufrosebisagangansxvavebiT, daculni arian gayidvisagan eqspluataciis mizniT, vinaidan damnaSavepirebs SeiZleba daakisro pasuxismgebloba aRniSnuli muxliT. magram am muxlismoqmedeba metad SezRudulia. magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis komentarSiaRniSnulia, rom sazogadod am saSiS danaSaulSi damnaSavea piri, romliskontrolis qveS imyofeba arasrulwlovani. aseTebi SeiZleba iyvnen: mSoblebi,pirebi, vinc iSvila, meurveebi, samedicino da sabavSvo dawesebulebebis muSakebi.amrigad, subieqtis gansazRvra, vinc SeiZleba agos pasuxi sxvadasxva garigebebiTarasrulwlovnis sxvisTvis gadacemaze, Zneldeba. am SemTxvevaSi ar arisgaTvaliswinebuli moqmedebaTa rigi, rodesac arasrulwlovani SeiZleba gaiyidosSuamavlis an iseTi piris mier, romelsac araferi akavSirebs masTan.amgvarad, ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 152-e muxlis arsebobasruliadac ver agvarebs arasrulwlovanTa gayidvis problemas.am muxlis analizi gvaZlevs saSualebas, arsebiTi naklovanebebi SevniSnoT sxvaqveynebis kanonmdeblobebSi. danaSaulis Semadgenlobis TvalsazrisiT yuradRebasiqcevs is garemoeba, rom aq erT cnebaSi kanonmdebelma gaaerTiana adamianiTvaWrobis sxvadasxva formebi, magaliTad, adamianis eqspluataciis formebi -savalo kabala, danaSaulebriv qmedebaSi Cabma, Svileba komerciuli mizniT,gamoyeneba SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi; arsebobs eqspluataciis sxva saxeebic: -Sromis, seqsualuri an orive erTad. amis garda, mravali qveyana iTvaliswinebssisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas adamianebis gadmobirebaze seqsualurida sxva saxis eqspluataciis mizniT, magaliTad, belorusiis (2.187), holandiis(2.250) da germaniis (2.181 naw. 2) sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsebi.197

Tu gavaanalizebT monacemebs, romlebic axasiaTebs adamianiT vaWrobas, maT ukanonoeqspluatacias, eqspluataciis meTodebs, SeuZleblad gvesaxeba, am etapze SevimuSaoTadamianiT vaWrobis universaluri daxasiaTeba. saWiroa, ganvsazRvroT dapasuxismgebloba davawesoT danaSaulis yvela etapze, rasac mosdevs adamianebiskriminaluri eqspluatacia.rusi samarTalmcodneebi miiCneven, rom ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis or muxlSi unda Sevides iseTi cvlilebebi, romlebic gaiTvaliswinebspasuxismgeblobas uSualod adamianebis gadmobirebasa da vaWrobaze, e.i. adamianebisgadacemaze maTi yidva-gayidvis mizniT. 29SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareobaa ukrainis kanonmdeblobaSi , sadac am problemassaxelmwifoebriv doneze ganixilaven. ukrainis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSijer kidev 1998 wels Sevida 149-150-e muxlebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebspasuxismgeblobas adamianiT vaWrobisaTvis da romlebSic gansazRvrulia sisxlissamarTlis pasuxismgebloba angarebiT adamianis dauflebisaTvis: seqsualureqspluataciaSi, danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi, savalo kabalaSi CabmiT, Svilobakomerciuli sargeblobis, SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi Cabmis da `monuri~ SromiTieqspluataciis gawevis mizniT. kanoni iTvaliswinebs danaSauls rogorc qveynisSigniT, ise mis sazRvrebs gareT: 30 `adamianTa Ria an motyuebiT daufleba, romelicdakavSirebulia mis kanonier an ukanono gadaadgilebasTan (SeTanxmebiT anSeuTanxmeblad) ukrainis saxelmwifo sazRvris miRma an aseTis gareSe SemdgomigayidvisaTvis an misi momdevno gadacemis mizniT (rac anazRaurdeba), seqsualurieqspluataciis, danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi (savalo kabalaSi misi Cabmis, Svilebakomerciuli sargeblobis mizniT, monawileobis miReba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi,SromiT eqspluataciaSi)~. 31belorusis sisxlis samarTlis axalma kodeqsma, romelic 1999 wels miiRes,ganacalkeva adamianiT vaWroba, gataceba da gadmobireba eqspluataciis mizniT.181-e muxlis Sesabamisad, vaWrobis qveS moiazreba yovelgvari qmedeba: yidvagayidva,daufleba Tu sxva pirisTvis gadacema. xolo 187-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebulia gadmobireba, seqsualuri Tu sxva saxis eqspluataciaSi CabmamotyuebiT, fuladi mogebisa da gamorCenis mizniT. 32kriminaluri eqspluataciis arsebuli formebis analizis safuZvelze sasurveliaTanamegobrobis qveynebis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaTa daaxloebadasaxelebuli problemis sabolood da efeqturad gadasawyvetad.moldova erT-erTi mimwodebeli qveyanaa, romlis moqalaqeebi evropul qveynebSi(ZiriTadad, germaniaSi), israelsa da aSS-Si gahyavT. moldovis kanonmdeblobaiTvaliswinebs TrefiqingTan brZolas, Tumca sxva postsabWouri qveynebis msgavsad,arc moldaveTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsia srulyofili. kerZod, arsebobsxarvezebi Trefiqerebisa da im struqturebis pasuxismgeblobis SesaxebdebulebebSi, romlebic ewevian gadmobirebasa da qveynis farglebs gareTmsxverplTa gayvanas monur da masTan gaTanabrebul SromaSi Casabmelad. qveyanaSiprostitucia kanoniT ar isjeba, magram akrZalulia misi organizeba da masSiarasrulwlovanTa Cabma. amJamad kanonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis momzadebuliasisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Sesatani cvlilebebis proeqti, romelic gacilebiTefeqturs gaxdis TrefiqingTan brZolas.29ix. Ðåïåöêàÿ À.Ë. das. naSr.30ix. Óãîëîâíîå ïðàâî Óêðàèíû, Êèåâ, 2003 ã. ñòð. 86-92.31Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ ìèãðàöèè, Èíôîðìàöèîííàÿ êàìïàíèÿ ïðîòèâ òîðãîâëè æåíùèíàìè. Èçèññëåäîâàíèé ïî Óêðàèíå. Æåíåâà ÌÎÌ 1998 ã. Èþëü.32ix. Óãîëîâíîå ïðàâî Áåëîðóññèè. Ìèíñê. 2000 ã.198

CineTis saxalxo respublikaSi adamianiT vaWrobis problema ufro didixania arsebobs, vidre aRmosavleT evropisa da yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi.Cinelebi TavianT moqalaqeebs yidian rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebsgareT. Cineli gogonebiT maragdeba iaponiis, koreis da avstraliis bordelebi.samxreT CineTSi arsebobs bazrebi, sadac Riad vaWroben adamianiT.CineTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 240-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobasadamianis gatacebisaTvis gayidvis mizniT, aseve motyuebis, gadabirebisa daSuamavlobisaTvis. rac Seexeba 241-e muxls, igi iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobasgatacebuli bavSvisa da qalis yidvisaTvis gadayidvis mizniT.arc CineTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsia srulyofili qveyanaSi Seyvanil Tugayvanil pirTa maqsimaluri dacvis TvalsazrisiT. 33bangladeSSi 1995 wels qalTa da bavSvTa Seviwroebis winaaRmdeg miRebuliaqtis Tanaxmad, akrZalulia adamianis gadayvana prostituciis an ukanono,amoraluri miznebiT; akrZalulia qalTa gataceba prostituciis, naZaladeviqorwinebisa Tu iZulebiTi seqsualuri kavSiris dasamyareblad. bavSvTagatacebisaTvis isjebian patimrobiT an sikvdiliT, aseve sastikad isjebiandanaSaulis Tanamonawileni.kambojaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs antiTrefiqinguli samarTlebrivinormebi, policia cdilobs, sasamarTlomde ar miiyvanos gavleniani adamianebi.rogorc wesi, saqmis mogvareba sasamarTlos gareT xdeba (SeiZleba msxverplsgadauxadon kompensacia), amdenad, zusti statistika ar arsebobs.indoeTis 1980 wlis aqts moralurad gaumarTlebeli gayvanis Tavidan acilebisSesaxeb minimumamde dahyavs Trefiqingis faqtebi. igi krZalavs msgavsi saxiskomerciul saqmianobas. am aqtiT meZavi qali ufro mkacrad isjeba, vidre mamakaci,vinc masTan sqesobrivi kontaqti daamyara.taivanSi ar arsebobs specialuri kanoni Trefiqingis Sesaxeb. msxverpl qalebsapatimreben da brals sdeben sazogadoebrivi wesrigis darRvevasa da sisxlissamarTlis normebis SeusruleblobaSi.filipinebis respublikis aqti 8042 miznad isaxavs `Tavdacvis ufro maRalistandartebis Camoyalibebas da zRvis iqiT myofi gaWirvebuli filipinelebiskeTildReobas~. magram kanonma ver daaregulira sabuTebis armqone migrantebisada Trefiqingis msxverpli qalebis problema. TumcaRa aqti sjis aralegaluradxalxis Semoyvanas, gansakuTrebuli sasjeli ki Seexeba maT, vinc sam an metadamians Semoiyvans. rac Seexeba respublikis aqts 6955, `es aris kanoni, romelickrZalavs filipineli qalis garigebas ucxo erovnebis mamakacTan eleqtronuli,safosto gzavniliT an msgavsi saSualebiT~.birmeli qalebi itanjebian siRaribis, Cagvris, iZulebiTi samuSaosa daSezRudvebis gamo, rasac saTanadod ar ebrZvis saxelmwifo kanoni da wesrigisganaxlebis sabWo. kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, qalebma unda miuTiTon, Tu romelqveyanaSi apireben vizits. Tu isini tailandSi, malaiziaSi an singapurSimiemgzavrebian, maT uars eubnebian. msgavsi akrZalvebi xels uwyobs aralegalurmigracias. qalebis umetesobas, vinc erTxel mainc moaxerxa birmis datoveba,dabruneba aRar surs.avstraliaSi moqmedebs antiTrefiqinguli samarTlis normebi, iqauri sisxlissamarTlis kanonis damateba iTvaliswinebs pirdapiri tele CarTvis meSveobiT33ix. Ã. Ãëîíòè, Òîðãîâëÿ ëþäüìè ñ öåëüþ ñåêñóàëüíîé ýêñïëóàòàöèè: Ðåàëèè è Ïåðñïåêòèâû., Òá. 2004 ã. ñòð. 131.199

mowmis dakiTxvas, Tu es ukanaskneli imyofeba avstraliis sazRvrebs gareT daTavad ar aris braldebuli am saqmeSi.nepalis kanonmdebloba TrefiqingisTvis iTvaliswinebs 20 wlamde TavisuflebisaRkveTas, adamianiT vaWrobas da prostitucias masobrivi xasiaTi aqvs, magramkorufciis gamo TrefiqingisaTvis Znelad Tu isjeba vinme. nepalidan adamianebiZiriTadad indoeTSi gahyavT. nawilis eqspluatacia iq xdeba, nawili ki mesameqveyanaSi gadis. 34salvadorSi masobrivi xasiaTi aqvs adamianiTY vaWrobasa da prostitucias. igibevrisaTvis Semosavlis wyaroa. qveyanaSi 10 milionamde meZavia, aqedan naxevarimilioni arasrulwlovania. salvadorSi xSiria mSoblis mier Svilis gayidva100 frankad an sayofacxovrebo nivTSi (mag. televizorSi, macivarSi da a.S.)gacvla.2. momxmarebeli (mimRebi) qveynebiantiTrefiqinguli TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze ukeTesi mdgomareobaa amerikisSeerTebul StatebSi, sadac SemuSavebulia adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdegmimarTul normaTa sistema. masSi gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva saxis sasjelizemoaRniSnul danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa gamo. ZiriTadi aSS-is kanonmdeblobaSiaris federaluri `kanoni TeTri monobis Sesaxeb (“Man Act White Shave act” 19 U.S.Code 2421), romelic sxva dokumentebTan erTad awesrigebs seqsualurieqspluataciis problemebs, xolo 2000 wels miRebuli kanoni `Trefiqingisa daZaladobis msxverplTa dacvis aqti~ (“Trafficking Victims Protection Act”) krZalavsadamianiT vaWrobas. gaTvaliswinebulia damnaSaveTa mimarT 20 wlamdeTavisuflebis aRkveTa an uvado patimroba, Tu eqspluatacias mohyva msxverplisgardacvaleba an mkvlelobis mcdeloba. msxverpli, romelic samarTaldamcavebTaniTanamSromlebs, iRebs droebiTi cxovrebis uflebas, xolo 3 wlis Semdeg SeuZlia,moiTxovos mudmivi macxovreblis statusi. 35prostitucia akrZalulia aSS-is yvela StatSi, garda nevadis Statisa.garda amisa, zemoxsenebuli aqtis mixedviT, amerikis sisxlis samarTliskanonmdeblobaSi unda Sevides Semdegi saxis cvlilebebi:_ Seiqmnas specialuri fondi, romlis wyaro iqneba Trefiqingis muxliTgasamarTlebul pirTa qonebis konfiskacia da romelic moxmardeba msxverplTareabilitacias;_ dawesdes im pirTa pasuxismgebloba, romlebmac qveynis teritoriaze Seyvaniliadamianebi monur da masTan gaTanabrebul mdgomareobaSi Caayenes, seqs-biznesSiCarTes bavSvebi, specialurad gaanadgures sabuTebi da a.S._ Trefiqingis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gamkacrdes sanqciebi lobizmisa dakorufciis kanonSi, agreTve aqtis mixedviT meti pasuxismgebloba daekisrosiusticiisa da janmrTelobis dacvis saministroebs.saWirod migvaCnia, ganvixiloT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisxelisuflebis mier dadgenili zomebi im saxelmwifoebis mimarT,34qvelmoqmedma da mecenatma karmen igbertma nepalSi fondi da sazogadoeba daaarsa msxverplTadasaxmareblad.35ix. Ñ. Ñòîêåð. Òîðãîâëÿ ëþäüìè êàê îäíà èç ôîðì îðãàíèçîâàííîé ïðåñòóïíîñòè. Ñáîðíèê òîðãîâëÿ ëþäüìè.Ì. 2002. ñòð. 28-30.200

omlebic ar akmayofileben TrefiqingTan brZolis minimalurstandartebs.aSS-is politika ar iTvaliswinebs daxmarebas (garda humanitarulisa)qveynebisTvis, romlebic ar akmayofileben TrefiqingTan brZolis minimalurstandartebs.saxelmwifo samdivno kongresis Sesabamis komitets awvdis ramdenime tipisangariSs TrefiqingTan dakavSirebuli situaciis Sesaxeb, esenia:1. wliuri angariSi. yovelwliuri (ara ugvianes 30 aprilis) angariSi undaSeicavdes im qveynebis sias, romlebic ar akmayofileben minimalurantiTrefiqingul standartebs. es angariSi SeiZleba Seicavdes informaciasacTrefiqingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebisa da im qveynebis Sesaxeb, romlebmacmiiRes Sesabamisi zomebi.2. perioduli angariSi. perioduli angariSi Seicavs informacias TrefiqingisgansakuTrebulad mZime formebisa da im qveynebis Sesaxeb, romlebic arakmayofileben TrefiqingTan brZolis minimalur standartebs 36 .1. arahumanitaruli daxmarebis Sewyveta: aSS ar daexmareba im qveynis mTavrobas,romelic ar daakmayofilebs minimalur moTxovnebs momdevno wlamde.2. Tu saxelmwifos mTavrobas es daxmareba ukve miRebuli aqvs, aSS aRar daafinansebsam mTavrobis oficialur pirTa monawileobas kulturul Tu saganmanaTleblogacvliT programebSi da Seuwyvets dafinansebas iqamde, vidre ar dakmayofildebaminimaluri standartebi.3. prezidenti mimarTavs ganviTarebis bankebis aRmasrulebel direqtorebsa dasaerTaSoriso savaluto fonds, mxari ar dauWiron am qveynisaTvis raime sesxisan sxva saxis daxmarebis gacemas iqamde, vidre es saxelmwifo ar miiRebs Sesabamiszomebs (garda humanitaruli daxmarebisa, ganviTarebisTvis xelSewyobisa, romelickonkretulad exeba am qveynis mosaxleobis ZiriTad moTxovnilebebs da ar arisadministrirebuli mTavrobis mier).4. prezidents aseve SeuZlia, gamoiyenos Tavisi ufleba sxva saerTaSorisoarahumanitarul daxmarebebzec. 37federaluri kanonmdebloba saSualebas aZlevs Trefiqingis msxverpl qalebs,`aralegaluri imigrantebis~ statusiT darCnen saxelmwifoSi, raTa monawileobamiiRon saqmis gamoZiebasa da ganxilvaSi.miuxedavad amisa, sakiTxi samarTlebrivad arc am qveyanaSia srulyofili. amdenad,aucilebeli xdeba transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis sferoSisisxlissamarTlebrivi politikis strategiul mimarTulebaTa kompleqsisSemuSaveba, sxvadasxva qveynebis samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromloba amdanaSaulis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.avstriis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 217-e muxliT, adamianiT vaWroba iTvlebadanaSaulad da is moicavs: qalis dezinformirebas avstriaSi arsebuli samuSaosada anazRaurebis Taobaze, misTvis dokumentaciis an anazRaurebis warTmevas,SantaJs, Seuracxyofas, cemas, Zaladobas da iZulebiT dakavebas. avstriiskanonmdeblobiT, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, moatyues qali avstriaSi muSaobis sferosSesaxeb Tu man icoda, rom prostituciis sferoSi mouwevda muSaoba.36aSS-is prezidenti, 2002 wlidan moyolebuli, valdebulia, kongresis Sesabamis komisiebs warudginosangariSi calkeuli qveynebis Sesaxeb, romlebic am moTxovnebs ver akmayofilebs.37ix. cnobari cxeli xazis operatorebisaTvis. Tb., 2004 w. gv. 93-94.201

avstriaSi Trefiqingis msxverpl qalebs SeuZliaT miiRon droebiTi cxovrebisufleba, rac garkveuli periodiT uzrunvelyofs maT legalur statuss, Tumcaes ufleba maT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi eZlevaT, Tu Tanxmobas ganacxadebenCvenebis micemaze. Sesabamisad, qali, romelic uars ityvis Cvenebis micemaze,iZulebulia, qveyana saswrafod datovos. organizacia “Amnesty for Women”-ismonacemebiT, qalebs Zalize iSviaTad aZleven darCenis uflebas. arasamTavroboorganizaciebis informaciiT, avstriaSi ufro xSirad aRmosavleT evropidanCasuli da prostituciiT dakavebuli qalebis deportacias mimarTaven.Tu Trefiqingis msxverplma miiRo avstriaSi droebiTi cxovrebis ufleba, masuzrunvelyofen sacxovrebliT, sakvebiT da sxva socialuri pirobebiT, magramar aZleven muSaobis uflebas.qals droebiTi TavSesafris ufleba eZleva maSinac, roca samSobloSi dabrunebisasmis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreba.zogadad, am statusis miReba Znelia. magaliTad, arasamTavrobo organizacia“Lefo”-s monacemebiT, mxolod 2 SemTxvevaSi Trefiqingis msxverpl qals mianiWeses statusi da, sabolood, muSaobis uflebac.avstriis policia efuZneba mowmeTa dacvis sistemas, Tumca Trefiqingis msxverpliqalebi iSviaTad sargebloben am sistemiT.prostitucia avstriaSi moralur danaSaulad iTvleba. sasjeli amsaqmianobisTvis SeiZleba iyos jarima an Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. danaSauladganixileba prostituciisTvis xelSewyobac.avstriis kanonmdeblobiT, oficialur `seqs-biznesSi~ CarTuli qalebi valdebuliarian, gaiaron registracia. amisaTvis imigrantebs sWirdebaT sacxovrebeli saxlida samuSao. isini valdebuli arian, yovel kviras seqsualuri kavSiris Sedegadgadamdeb daavadebaTa Tavidan asacileblad gaiaron samedicino Semowmeba.belgiaSi adamianiT vaWrobisa da bavSvTa pornografiis akrZalvis Sesaxeb kanoni1995 wels miiRes. is gansazRvravs sasjels ucxoelebis motyuebiT, iZulebiT andaSinebiT belgiaSi Semoyvanisa da maTi mdgomareobiT (Tu fexmZime, invalidi anavadmyofi aralegalurad imyofeba qveyanaSi) sargeblobisTvis. amave kanonis Tanaxmad,danaSaulia prostituciaSi iZulebiT CaTreva, eqspluatacia da bordelis Senaxva.Trefiqingis msxverpls belgiaSi aZleven 45 dRiT cxovrebis uflebas. Tu qaligadawyvets, aRZras saqme Trefiqerebis winaaRmdeg, maSin es vada SeiZleba 3 TvemdegagrZeldes. sasamarTlo procesis dasrulebis Semdeg qals SeiZleba gaugrZeloncxovrebis vada, Tuki man gaiara integraciis programa (specialur centrebSi),flobs qveynis enas da aqvs samuSao.belgiaSi Seqmnilia msxverplTa daxmarebis specialuri centrebi, romlebsacsaxelmwifo afinansebs. 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi Trefiqingis msxverpls SeuZlia amTavSesafarSi cxovreba. is iRebs socialur da samedicino daxmarebas, aseveSeuZlia miiRos droebiT muSaobis uflebac.prostitucia belgiaSi aralegalurad ar iTvleba, Tumca aralegaluriasutenioroba da meZavebis eqspluatacia.qveynis kanonmdebloba saSualebas aZlevs Trefiqingis msxverpl qalebs, darCnensaxelmwifoSi da monawileoba miiRon saqmis gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTloganxilvaSi.did britaneTSi dRemde ar arsebobs konkretuli antiTrefiqinguli kanoni.cota xnis win momzadda kanonproeqti `adamianTa Trefiqingi prostituciaSi202

maTi CaTrevis mizniT~, romelic male unda Sevides ZalaSi. dReisaTvis inglisSimoqmedebs rigi kanonebisa, romlebic iTvaliswinebs sasjels suteniorobis,motacebisa da ZaladobisaTvis, qveyanaSi aralegalurad Semosvlisa da darCenisxelSewyobisTvis. 1956 wels did britaneTSi miRebuli iqna kanoni seqsualurdanaSaulTa Sesaxeb, romliTac isjeba prostituciiT Semosavlis miReba dameZavebis kontroli maTi daSinebis gziT. es kanoni gamoiyeneba TrefiqerebiswinaaRmdeg, Tumca igi Tavisuflebis aRkveTas mxolod 18 TviT iTvaliswinebs.did britaneTSi aralegalurad myofi qalebis didi nawilis deportacia xdeba48 saaTSi. Tu, sasamarTlos interesebidan gamomdinare, maTi darCena aucilebelia,SeiZleba maT mieniWoT `cxovrebis gansakuTrebuli ufleba~. Tumca TrefiqingismsxverplTa umetesobis deportacia ise xdeba, rom isini arc icnoben kanoniTminiWebul uflebebs.germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis $180b, 181-s mixedviT, Trefiqingi sisxlissamarTlis danaSaulia da iTvaliswinebs 10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.germaniaSi arsebobs specialuri samsaxuri Trefiqingis msxverplTadasaxmareblad. dazaralebuls SeuZlia, miiRos qveyanaSi 4 kviriT darCenisufleba, raTa gadawyvitos, misces Tu ara Cveneba. es vada SeiZleba 3 Tvemdecgaizardos. Tu am periodis Semdeg qali gadawyvets, misces Cveneba, maSin maseZleva qveyanaSi darCenis ufleba saqmis mosmenis dasrulebamde.is qalebi, romlebmac miiRes darCenis ufleba, SeiZleba CaerTon daxmarebisa dadacvis programebSi, romelsac germaniis policia axorcielebs. orive programauzrunvelyofs usafrTxo sacxovrebels da socialur daxmarebas. am programebSimonawile qalebs xSirad aTavseben izolirebul adgilebSi da maT ekrZalebaTgareT gasvla an nacnobebTan kontaqti. qalebs uzrunvelyofen saWmliTa datansacmliT, magram maT ara aqvT muSaobis ufleba.Tu arsebobs safrTxe, rom samSobloSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi qalis sicocxles,janmrTelobas an Tavisuflebas safrTxe emuqreba, maSin mas SeuZlia, miiRosufro xangrZlivad darCenis ufleba. adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebismonacemebiT, ase iSviaTad xdeba, radgan zemoaxsenebulis dasabuTeba rTulia.qveynis kanonmdebloba Trefiqingis msxverpls, rogorc `aralegalur imigrants~,saSualebas aZlevs, darCes saxelmwifoSi da monawileoba miiRos gamoZiebaSi ansaqmis ganxilvaSi.saberZneTSi kanonproeqti seqsualuri danaSaulebebisa da Trefiqingis Sesaxebsakanonmdeblo organoSi Sevida 2001 wlis dekemberSi. Tumca igi jer kidev armiuRiaT. am kanonproeqtis mixedviT, isjeba adamianiT vaWroba da sabavSvopornografia. is iTvaliswinebs msxverplTa daxmarebasac.antiTrefiqinguli kanonebi moicavs Suamavlobisa da monobis aRmkveTRonisZiebebs. Teoriulad, qalma, romelic sarCels aRZravs Tavisi TrefiqeriswinaaRmdeg, SeiZleba miiRos droebiTi TavSesafari. magram arasamTavroboorganizaciebis monacemebiT, prostituciis sferoSi aralegalurad momuSaveqalebis absoluturi umravlesoba deportirebulia.saberZneTSi prostitucia daSvebulia kanoniT. am sferoSi “legalurimuSaobisaTvis~ qali unda iyos 21 wlis zeviT.daniaSi ar arsebobs specialuri kanoni Trefiqingis Sesaxeb. sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 125-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sazRvarze xalxis ukanono gadayvana danaSauladiTvleba. prostitucia ar isjeba, Tumca arc legalizebulia.203

sutenioroba da prostituciaSi iZulebiT Cabma akrZalulia. aseve isjebaorganizebuli prostitucia. danaSaulad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis pirisseqsualuri momsaxurebiT sargebloba.israelis 1977 wlis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi da misi 2000 wlis damatebebikrZalavs adamianiT vaWrobas, me-6 nawilSi `kanoni qalTa TanasworuflebianobisSesaxeb~ (2000 w.) aRniSnulia, rom qalebs aqvT ufleba, daculni iyvnen Zaladobis,seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da Trefiqingisgan. Human Rights Watch-is mixedviT,xelisufleba icavs qalebs, raTa maT Cveneba miscen Trefiqerebis winaaRmdeg.qveyanaSi ar arsebobs arc erTi TavSesafari. rogorc wesi, Trefiqingis msxverplidakavebis Semdeg deportacias eqvemdebareba.espaneTi, mkvlevarTa azriT, aris rogorc mimwodebeli, ise tranzituli damimRebi qveyana, am qveynis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 318-e muxliT ikrZalebaTrefiqingi an msxverplTa tranziti. sasjeli mZimdeba, Tu es danaSauli mogebismisaRebad an ZaladobiT da SantaJiT aris Cadenili.188-e muxlis mixedviT, danaSaulia TrefiqingisaTvis pirdapiri Tu iribixelSewyobac, xolo 515-e muxli organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb SeicavsTrefiqingis niSnebs.imigraciis kanonebiT regulirdeba TviT Trefiqingis msxverplis statusi. 2001wlis agvistoSi miRebuli kanoniT, msxverpli, romelic Tanxmdeba saxelmwifostruqturebTan TanamSromlobaze, iRebs 1 wliT cxovrebisa da muSaobis uflebas.espaneTSi 18 wlamde asakis yvela emigrantisTvis gaTvaliswinebulia ufasosamedicino daxmareba. emigranti qalebi aseT daxmarebas iReben statusis miuxedavad.prostitucia espaneTSi arc ukanonod iTvleba, arc legalizebulad. iZulebiTiprostitucia kanonsawinaaRmdegoa. espaneTis meZavTa umravlesoba dRes emigrantian adgilobrivi axalgazrda qalia.italiis kanonebi krZalavs adamianiT vaWrobas, qalebis Cabmas iZulebiTprostituciaSi da meZavis eqspluatacias qveyanaSi an iZulebiT transportirebaserTi qveynidan meoreSi seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT.Trefiqingis msxverpl qalebs ar eZlevaT mofiqrebis dro, miscen Tu ara CvenebaTrefiqeris winaaRmdeg. Tu qali gadawyvets, aRZras saqme da SeZlebs Trefiqerisidentificirebas, maSin is iRebs droebiT cxovrebis uflebas da gadis integraciisspecialur programas. maT aZleven sacxovrebel farTs da sakvebs. qalebs SeuZliaTenis Seswavla, muSaoba an swavla.droebiT cxovrebis ufleba SeiZleba mudmiviT Seicvalos: Tu qali gaivlisintegraciis programas, 1 wlis Semdeg aqvs samsaxuri da SeuZlia, TviTonuzrunvelyos sacxovrebeli farTi da sakvebi. programa avtomaturad wydeba, Tuqali isev xels mihyofs prostitucias.Tu qalis sicocxles Trefiqerebis mxridan safrTxe daemuqreba, maSin sasamarTloprocesze misi Cvenebebi SeiZleba wardgenili iyos werilobiT an videoCanawerissaxiT, sadac misi xma da garegnoba Secvlilia.italiis mTavrobam aseve Seqmna nacionaluri organo, sadac TrefiqingTan mebrZolorganizaciebs SeuZliaT, miiRon finansuri daxmareba.italiaSi prostitucia da seqsbiznesis sxva formebi legaluria. ikrZalebaprostituciaSi CaTreva, klientebis aqtiuri mozidva da prostituciis faruliorganizeba.204

niderlandebis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 250-e muxliT, adamianiTvaWrobisTvis gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis maqsimaluri vada _ 6 weli.mcirewlovan pirTa CaTreva, Zaladoba da organizebuli vaWroba iTvaliswinebsTavisuflebis aRkveTas 10 wlamde vadiT, samarTaldamcavebi xelmZRvaneloben1993 wlis aqtiT seqsualuri danaSaulis Sesaxeb.niderlandebSi adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpli sargeblobs gansakuTrebuliuflebebiT da SeuZlia miiRos garkveuli daxmareba.aralegaluri emigrantebis deportacia akrZalulia gamoZiebis dasrulebamdeda imis garkvevamde, hqondaT Tu ara maT raime kavSiri TrefiqingTan.qveynis kanonmdebloba Trefiqingis msxverpl qalebs saSualebas aZlevs,`aralegaluri imigrantis~ statusiT darCnen saxelmwifoSi, raTa monawileobamiiRon gamoZiebasa da saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi.niderlandebis kanonmdebloba Trefiqingis msxverpl imigrantebs saSualebasaZlevs, darCnen qveyanaSi sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobismisaRebad: Tu qali iyo Trefiqingis msxverpli, mas eZleva am qveyanaSi 3 TviTcxovrebis ufleba. am xnis manZilze man unda gadawyvitos, aRZravs Tu ara saqmesTrefiqerebis winaaRmdeg da miiRebs Tu ara monawileobas sasamarTlosmsvlelobaSi. Tu qali am gadawyvetilebas miiRebs, mas SeuZlia 1 wliT darCenavadis Semdgomi gagrZelebis uflebiT.es kategoria iRebs specialur socialur, finansur, samedicino da fsiqologiurdaxmarebas, uzrunvelyofilia usafrTxo sacxovrebeli adgiliT, zog regionSiSeuZlia ganaTlebis miRebac.portugaliis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT, qalTa Trefiqingi dasjadia dakarga xans iTvaliswinebda mxolod iZulebiT muSaobas. 1998 wels SetaniliSesworebis Sesabamisad, sasjeli gamkacrda da iTvaliswinebs 2-dan 10 wlamdeTavisuflebis aRkveTas.portugaliis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT prostitucia ar isjeba, magramdasjadia prostituciis mizniT eqspluatacia, misi organizeba da prostituciaSiCaTreva. quCis meZavebi SeiZleba daisajon sazogadoebrivi wesrigisdarRvevisaTvis. emigranti qalebisaTvis specialuri kanoni ar arsebobs.safrangeTSi antiTrefiqinguli kanoni ar moqmedebs. prostitucia daSvebulia,Tumca misi organizeba ikrZaleba da isjeba jarimiT. dReisaTvis safrangeTSiganixileba axali kanonproeqti, romlis miRebis SemTxvevaSi TrefiqerisTvisgaTvaliswinebulia 7 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.safrangeTSi arsebobs ramdenime TavSesafari, romelsac SeiZleba msxverplmamimarTos. maTze zrunaven socialuri muSakebi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rocamsxverpli arasrulwlovania.Sveicariis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT, qalTa Trefiqingi seqsualurieqspluataciis mizniT danaSauladaa aRiarebuli. prostituciaSi CaTreva isjeba10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. miuxedavad amisa, nebayoflobiTi `muSaoba~,daqorwinebis gziT seqsbiznesSi CarTva da sxva tipis saqmianoba kanondarRvevadar iTvleba. klients SeuZlia, sxva qveynidan katalogiT SearCios gogona daerTi kviris manZilze SveicariaSi miiwvios, xolo Tuki qali moewona, 30-35 aTasdolarad iyidos da Tan waiyvanos. SveicariaSi Trefiqingis msxverpl qalsufleba aqvs, miiRos daxmareba da TavSesafari, Tu daTanxmdeba TrefiqeriswinaaRmdeg Cvenebis micemaze. miuxedavad amisa, arasamTavrobo organizaciebismonacemebiT, qalTa umravlesoba, romelic SveicariaSi aralegalurad imyofeboda,205

deportirebuli iqna. 38 specialistebi xazs usvamen Sveicariis policiiskorumpirebulobas TrefiqingTan dakavSirebiT. 39SvedeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi krZalavs fizikur Seuracxyofas, bavSvismotacebas, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas, adamianis iseT mdgomareobaSi Cayenebas,roca mas `SeiZleba emuqrebodes safrTxe... moxdes masze seqsualuri Zaladoba~,aseve isjeba iZuleba an iaraRis muqara. kodeqsi krZalavs Zaladobas, muqaras daiZulebiT seqsualur kavSirs `piris uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SelaxviT~.aseve akrZalulia saxelmwifoSi aralegaluri Sesvlis organizeba an dagegmvada aralegaluri imigrantis daxmareba.iaponiaSi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi krZalavs iaponel qalTa Trefiqingsiaponiis sazRvrebs gareT. Tumca igi iTvaliswinebs danaSaulsac, romelicdaiwyo sxva saxelmwifoSi.1956 wels iaponiaSi miRebuli kanoni krZalavs meZaobas da meZavTan dakavSirebulmamakacsac iseve sjis, rogorc meZavs. kanoni meZavTa reabilitaciaSi gulisxmobs`msubuqi yofaqcevis qalebis moTavsebas 6-Tviani meTvalyureobis qveS~. asevexdeba im qalTa dacva da reabilitacia, `visac aqvs midrekileba meZaobisaken ansWirdeba dacva~.3. Sereuli (satranzito-momxmarebeli) qveynebigaeros protokolSi mocemuli rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, bulgareTma2002 wels miiRo antiTrefiqinguli kanoni. Seiqmna uwyebaTaSorisi da regionulikomisiebi Trefiqingis problemebis Sesaswavlad. bulgareTis kanonmdeblobauzrunvelyofs Trefiqingis msxverplTa dacvas da reabilitacias, maT SorismaT dacvas deportaciisgan da droebiTi cxovrebis uflebis miRebas, Tu isinisasamarTlo gamoZiebisTvis xelSewyobaze daTanxmdebian. msxverpls, romelmaces ufleba miiRo, ar ukrZalaven muSaobas.bulgareTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanili cvlilebebiTgaTvaliswinebulia Trefiqerebis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema.prostitucia bulgareTSi legalizebuli ar aris, Tumca misi aralegalurireklamireba xdeba masobrivi informaciis zogierTi saSualebiT. bulgareTSiprostitucias akontroleben organizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebi.bulgaruli arasamTavrobo organizacia “Health and Socail Environment Foundation”-ismonacemebis mixedviT, am `biznesSi~ urTierTobebi ZiriTadad ZaladobiTregulirdeba. is, vinc qalebis usafrTxoebas unda uzrunvelyofdes, korufciulgarigebebs ar Takilobs da xels uwyobs maT eqspluatacias.germaneli kriminologebis monacemebiT, poloneTi adamianiT vaWrobis TvalsazrisiTmeore adgilzea msoflioSi yofili sabWoTa qveynebis Semdeg. germaniis`seqsindustriaSi~ Cabmul qalTa Soris yvelaze meti polonelia. poloneTissisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 204-e muxli iTvaliswinebs sasjels TrefiqingisaTvis.am qveynis kanonmdeblobas axasiaTebs metad saWiro niuansi: sasjeli ekisreba aramarto uSualo Semsrulebels, vinc eqspluataciis mizniT qveynidan gaiyvana pirovneba,aramed maTac, vinc am operaciiT materialuri sargebeli naxa.TurqeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi am danaSaulisaTvis kerZo muxlebs ariTvaliswinebs, magram Trefiqerebis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba gamoiyenon Semdegi38ix. Ïðåâåíöèÿ íåëåãàëüíîé òðóäîâîé ìèãðàöèè è òðåôèêèíãà, Òá., 2003 ã. ñòð. 70-82.39saqarTvelos televiziis informacia.206

muxlebi: prostituciaSi CaTreva (435-e muxli), Zaladoba (436-e muxli), seqsualuriiZuleba da a.S.garda amisa, TurqeTis sapasporto kodeqsis Tanaxmad, qveyanaSi Sesvla ekrZalebaTpirebs, romlebic adre mxilebuli iyvnen prostituciasa da TrefiqingSi.prostitucia TurqeTSi legaluria. qali an mamakaci, romelic apirebs amgvarikavSiris damyarebas, registraciasa da samedicino Semowmebas gadis. policiasufleba aqvs, nebismier dros moiTxovos Sesabamisi dokumenti, daumorCileblobisSemTxvevaSi _ iZulebis wesiTac.CexeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, ikrZaleba qalebiT vaWroba`seqsualur urTierTobebSi maTi CaTrevis mizniT~ (muxli 246). Trefiqingisfaqtis dros gamoiyeneba sisxlis samarTlis sxva muxlebic: qalis yidva daSantaJi (muxli 235), Zaladoba (muxli 241). aseve SemuSavebulia axali kanoni,romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2002 wlis 1 ivliss. prostitucia CexeTis respublikaSidanaSaulad ar iTvleba, magram organizebuli prostitucia ganixilebasazogadoebrivi wesrigis darRvevad. prostituciis xelSewyoba da am saqmianobiTmogebis miReba danaSaulia. CexeTis respublikaSi amJamad ganixilaven kanonsprostituciis, rogorc seqsualuri samuSaos legalizaciis Sesaxeb. es kanoniewinaaRmdegeba 1959 wels miRweul SeTanxmebas. ase rom, misi miReba sakmaodrTulia. kanonis mixedviT, ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi, romlebic Trefiqingismsxverplni gaxdnen CexeTSi, aseve Trefiqingis msxverpli Cexebic daculebi ararian da maT socialur daxmarebas ar uweven. ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi SeiZlebadroebiT darCnen qveyanaSi, Tu isini sasamarTloze mowmis an dazaralebulissaxiT gamovlen.207

Tavi IVTrefiqingis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi da problemissamarTlebrivi gadawyveta1. Trefiqingis gavrcelebis tendenciebisaqarTveloSi Tavis droze aSkarad gaizarda Trefiqingis safrTxe. 2003 welsprezidentis aparatSi momzadda am danaSaulTan brZolis nacionaluri programa,romelic saqarTvelos prezidentma daamtkica. is ZiriTadad profilaqtikurRonisZiebebs iTvaliswinebs. garda amisa, saqarTveloSi moRvaweoben sxvadasxvaorganizaciebi, romlebic dainteresebuli arian adamianiT vaWrobis problemebiT.maTi muSaobis koordinirebis mizniT saxalxo damcvelis aparatSi Seiqmna samuSaojgufi, romelsac evaleba, iTanamSromlos adamianiT vaWrobis sferoSi arsebuliproblemebiT dainteresebul arasamTavrobo seqtorTan.dRemde arsebuli informaciiT, saqarTvelo aris satranzito da mimwodebeliqveyana, saidanac qalebi seqsualuri eqspluataciis, saSinao saqmeebis Sesrulebis,xolo mamakacebi iZulebiTi Sromis mizniT gahyavT TurqeTSi, israelSi, saberZneTSi,espaneTSi, aSS-isa da aziis qveynebSi.samwuxarod, saqarTvelom jer kidev ver gaatara saWiro RonisZiebebi TrefiqingisaRmosafxvrelad, metic, problemis Rrma Seswavlam dagvanaxva, rom saqarTveloara marto tranzituli da mimwodebeli qveyanaa, aramed nawilobriv mimRebi damomxmarebelic. adgilobriv prostituciasa da seqsbiznesSi 40 Cabmulia rogorcsaqarTvelos, ise sxva qveynebis moqalaqeebic. erTi SexedviT arcTu isemravalricxovan saunebSi mamakacebisTvis gaTvaliswinebulia garkveuli“momsaxureba”, aq SexvdebiT rus, ukrainel, somex da sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebs.maTi nawili stabilurad `moRvaweobs~ saqarTveloSi, nawili ki qveyanaSi droebiTimyofeba, Tumca Trefiqerebi mainc axerxeben maT eqspluatacias.ukrainis moqalaqe, doneckSi mcxovrebi 25 wlis qmarSviliani valentina ukve oriwelia, saqarTveloSi `muSaobs~, hyavs `mfarveli~, romelmac aq Camoiyvana. is sxvadasxvaerovnebis moqalaqeebTan erTad Cabmulia prostituciaSi, erTi kacis momsaxurebaSiiRebs 80-100 lars, dRis ganmavlobaSi ki 5-10 mamakacs emsaxureba. man am ori wlisganmavlobaSi 5000 dolarad SeiZina bina doneckSi, “Jigulis” markis avtomanqanada Semnaxvel salaroSic garkveuli Tanxa daagrova. misi TqmiT, igi moraluraddaiRala da apirebs, uaxloes dReebSi datovos saqarTvelo, samagierod, CamoiyvanasakuTari da nataSa, romelic mis nacvlad garkveul periods `imuSavebs~.qalis gancxadebiT, masTan erTad muSaoben qarTvelebi, somxebi da rusebi. jgufSi10-mde gogonaa gaerTianebuli, romlebic uzrunvelyofili arian mobiluritelefonebiTa da transportiT. erTi gogonasagan `suteniori~ dReSi saSualod300 lars iRebs, rac TveSi 9000 laria. Tu am Tanxas 10-ze gavamravlebT, mogebayovelTviurad 90000 lars aRwevs, xolo weliwadSi _ 900000 lars (ori TveSvebuleba). ase rom, Semosavali didia. misive TqmiT, `suteniors~ hyavs `kriSa~,mfarveli xelisuflebaSi, Tu romel StoSi, amas ver akonkretebs.gasul wlebSi Trefiqingis saxiT gamovlenil danaSaulze saqmes aRZravdnenTaRliTobis muxliT mxolod im pirTa da jgufTa mimarT, vinc eweoda saqarTvelosteritoriaze adamianiT vaWrobas, magram ganaCenis gamotana rTuli iyo, radganacsisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebda `adamianiT vaWrobas~.40saqarTveloSi am process ver vuwodebT `seqsindustrias~, SesaZlebelia, vixmaroT termini`seqsbiznesi~.208

kriminologebs miaCniaT, rom postsocialistur qveynebSi gardamaval periodsaxlavs ukanono SromiTi migraciis zrda. samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi warmoadgensiafi muSaxelis ZiriTad mimwodebels. am problemiT dainteresebuliorganizaciebis mier tardeba mTeli rigi gamokvlevebi, romelTa monacemebicgvexmareba CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebis garkvevaSi.wyaroTa monacemebiT, marto TurqeTSi saqarTvelodan da azerbaijanidan wlisganmavlobaSi 3000-3500 adamiani Cadis. Turquli mxaris informaciiT, Zalianbevri qorwindeba TurqeTis moqalaqeze, radganac TurqeTis kanonmdeblobaqorwinebis sakiTxs advilad wyvets. am gziT 1995-2001 wlebSi TurqeTis moqalaqeobamiiRo azerbaijanis 3876-ma da saqarTvelos 979-ma moqalaqem.sakmaod maRalia sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTis SemTxvevebi. araoficialurimonacemebiT, 1995-2002 wlebSi sazRvari aralegalurad gadalaxa azerbaijanis6352-ma da saqarTvelos 8113-ma moqalaqem.marto TurqeTis teritoriidan 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi deportirebuliiqna 752 kaci, maT Soris trapizonidan _ 107, antaliidan _ 77, stambulidan _ 91,sxva qalaqebidan _ 275. 41 bunebrivia, SeuZlebelia imis dadgena, ramdenia maTSoris Trefiqingis msxverpli an potenciuri msxverpli, raki ar arsebobsspecialuri aRricxva. 42Tavis droze amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis mierCatarebuli monitoringis SedegebiT, saqarTvelo Seyvanili iqna me-3 samyarosqveynebSi, romlebic nihilisturad uyureben Seqmnil mdgomareobas. Tumca 2003wlis 23 noembris `vardebis revoluciis~ Sedegad mosuli xelisuflebisdamokidebuleba radikalurad gansxvavdeba wina xelisuflebis damokidebulebisaganTrefiqingis problemis mimarT.SesamCnevad gaaqtiurda saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi arsebuliTrefiqingis winaaRmdeg brZolis ganyofileba, romelic moqmedebs 2003 wlisianvridan. mas aqvs mokvlevis ufleba da am xaziT farTomasStabian saqmianobaswarmarTavs 43 .am RonisZiebaTa Sedegad aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentma saqarTvelo amoiRome-3 jgufis saxelmwifoTa siidan da amiT qveyanam aicila sajarimo sanqciebi.sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi Setanilma cvlilebebma Sesabamissamsaxurebs saSualeba misca, aRZruliyo 10-mde sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTrefiqingis braldebiT. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Trefiqingis winaaRmdegbrZolis ganyofileba amJamad atarebs oTx saerTaSoriso gamoZiebas mimRebqveynebTan erTad, rac garkveul dros da seriozuli problemebis daZlevasgulisxmobs.am ganyofilebam sakmao masala daagrova, axla saWiroa moqmedeba am masalissafuZvelze. 2004 wlis 16 aprils operatiuli informaciis safuZvelzeTrefiqingis ganyofilebisa da rusTavis Sinagan saqmeTa sammarTvelosTanamSromelTa mier dadginda, rom rusTavSi mcxovrebi z. yaraSvili 2003 welsTurqeTSi eweoda prostitucias. man iqorwina vinme ismedaze da am gziT miiRoTurqeTis moqalaqeoba. z. yaraSvilma 2003-2004 wlebSi motyuebiT, TaRliTobiT,yalbi dokumentebiT TurqeTSi, kerZod, qalaq kuSadasSi, restornebsa da diskobarebSisamuSaoze mowyobis pirobiT gadaibira da gadaiyvana rusTavSi mcxovrebi41ix. cnobari cxeli xazis operatorebisaTvis, Tb., 2003 w., gv. 126.42ix. azerbaijanidan evropis daniSnulebis adgilze, migraciis motivebis marSrutebisa da meTodebisSeswavla, migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia, 2001 w. gv. 40-43.43dReisaTvis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sistemaSi Zireuli cvlilebebi moxda.209

16 wlis x. biganiSvili, x. zedelaSvili, vinme diana da mamidamisi naTia. mokvleviTdadginda, rom arasrulwlovan x. biganiSvils pasporti misi 19 wlis dis dabadebismowmobiT daumzades Tbilisis erT-erT sapasporto ganyofilebaSi, yalbipiradobis mowmobis safuZvelze Sss-s sapasporto-savizo da mosaxleobisregistraciis erovnulma biurom gasca erovnuli pasporti. TurqeTSi gayvanilx. biganiSvils aiZulebdnen, yoveldRiurad 5-15 mamakacs momsaxureboda saaTSi50 dolarad. amJamad z. yaraSvili ZebnaSia.2003 wlis 23 ivniss vake-saburTalos Sinagan saqmeTa sammarTveloSi miiResmoqalaqis gancxadeba, rom wyneTis quCaze cxovroben sazRvargareTidan Camosuliaxalgazrda qalebi. damatebiTi informaciis mosapoveblad adgilze gavidasammarTvelos xelmZRvaneloba da operatiuli jgufi. daakaves saqarTvelosmoqalaqe, somexi erovnebis mamakaci da 12 qali. mokvleviT dadginda, rom qalebiiyvnen uzbekeTis moqalaqeebi, 18-40 wlamde, romlebic TbilisSi 13 da 16 ivnissvinme aSotam Camoiyvana. is maT Sehpirda sazRvargareT, kerZod, dubaiSimaRalanazRaurebad samsaxurs da motyuebiT upirebda sazRvarze gadayvanas.qalebi prostituciaSi unda CaebaT iqve an romelime sxva arabul qveyanaSi dasaTanado anazRaurebiT kriminalebisaTvis CaebarebinaT.qalebs TbilisSi CamosvlisTanave CamoarTves piradobis damadasturebelidokumentebi da Seasaxles erT-erT mitovebul saxlSi. binis Cxrekis SedegadamoRebuli iqna uzbekeTis moqalaqis 5 pasporti da didi raodenobiT qalebispiradi nivTebi.savaraudoa, rom es qalebi adrec prostitucias eweodnen. erT-erT maTganspasportSi sxvadasxva qveynebis vizebi hqonda dafiqsirebuli.Cxrekisas qalTa kuTvnil nivTebSi aRmoCnda erotikuli aqsesuarebi, racmigvaniSnebs, rom qalebi prostitucias eweodnen. maT aRmoaCndaT rusi qalebisfotosuraTebi, romelTa Camoyvanas, SesaZloa, mogvianebiT apirebdnen. 44gamoZiebas awarmoebs vake-saburTalos prokuratura. qalebi amJamad gadayvanilniarian `kaTarzisis~ saqvelmoqmedo centrSi.gamoZieba mimdinareobs somxuri warmoSobis qalbatonis mier adamianiT vaWrobisfaqtze, romelsac saqarTvelodan TurqeTSi gahyavda qalebi da gogonebi daiafad hyidda saroskipoebis mepatroneebze. adgilze maT arTmevdnen pasportebsda aiZulebdnen, dRis ganmavlobaSi momsaxurebodnen 10-12 klients. savizo vadisgasvlisTanave maT aZlevdnen ukan dasabrunebel Tanxas, nawili dabrunda,ramdenimem Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mimarTa da maT mier micemuli CvenebissafuZvelze daiwyo gamoZieba.arcTu ise didi xnis win baTumis prokuraturam aRZra sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTrefiqingis muxliT aWaraSi mcxovreb m. miqelaZis mimarT, romelmac mezobeli24 wlis inga, TiTqosda samkurnalod, gaiyvana TurqeTSi da 2000 dolarad gayida.amis Semdeg gogona samjer gaiyida sxvadasxva `patronze~, sabolood ki CaabesprostituciaSi da 35 dRis ganmavlobaSi aiZulebdnen, momsaxureboda 10-12 mamakacs,TiToeuli maTganisagan iRebdnen 80-100 dolars. ingas arafers uxdidnen. gogonamgaparva moaxerxa da qurTi erovnebis invalidis daxmarebiT samSobloSi dabrunda.man Cveneba misca prokuraturas.aWaris Sinagan saqmeTa saministros xelvaCauris raiganyofilebis operatiulisamsaxuris muSakebis mier gamovlindnen yalbi sabuTebis damzadebaSi eWvmitanilipirebi _ b. kuxaleiSvili da l. abulaZe. maT axlobel qalbatonebs daumzades44operatiuli samsaxuris informacia, 2004 wlis 24 ivnisi.210

yalbi qarTuli pasportebi TurqeTSi wasasvlelad, orive saqmeze aRZruliasisxlis samarTlis saqme da mimdinareobs gamoZieba. 45rogorc aRiniSna, 2003 wlis 6 ivniss miiRes adamianiT vaWrobis _ Trefiqingis(ssk-is 143 1 ) da arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis _ Trefiqingis (ssk-is 143 2 ) Sesaxebkanoni. ssk-is zemoaRniSnuli muxlebiT ukve dasrulda sisxlis samarTlis 2saqme, kerZod:1. 2003 wlis 12 agvistos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Trefiqingis winaaRmdegbrZolis ganyofilebaSi m. aruTinovas mimarT aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqmessk 143 1 -e muxlis I da II nawilebiT, 344-e muxlis I nawiliT da 362 muxlis I-IInawilebiT, romelic Semdgom gadaeca Tbilisis didube-CuRureTis raionulprokuraturas.dadgenilia, rom m. aruTinovam 2003 wlis 24 ivniss yalbi pasportiT gadalaxasaqarTvelos saxmeleTo sazRvari da motyuebiT, viTomda samuSaoze mosawyobad,ankaraSi waiyvana Terjolis raionSi mcxovrebi m. SveliZe da gorSi mcxovrebil. kobaxiZe, romlebic ankaraSi Caabara vinme sevdas. m. aruTinovam l. kobaxiZesda m. SveliZes waarTva pasportebi da SantaJiT, fizikuri da moraluri zewoliTaiZulebda maT, seqsualuri momsaxureba gaewiaT maTTan misuli mamakacebisaTvis.m. aruTinovas sasamarTlom aRmkveT RonisZiebad Seufarda sami TviT patimroba.saqme gansaxilvelad gadaegzavna didube-CuRureTis raionul sasamarTlos.2. 2003 wlis 8 seqtembers samcxe-javaxeTis saolqo prokuraturaSi aRiZra sisxlissamarTlis saqme yvarelSi mcxovreb c. baRoSvilis mimarT ssk 143 1 -e muxlismeore nawilis `a~, `b~ da `e~ punqtebiT.gamoZiebiT dadgenilia, rom c. baRoSvilma prostituciaSi Casabmelad, motyuebiT,TurqeTis respublikaSi gadaiyvana saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi: qarelSi mcxovrebim. emanuliZe da xaSurSi mcxovrebi T. gordulaZe. c. baRoSvilma sazRvrisgadakveTisTanave CamoarTva maT pasportebi da SantaJis gziT aiZulebda meZaobas.c. baRoSvils aRmkveT RonisZiebad Seefarda samTviani patimroba. 2004 wlis 9Tebervals saqme gansaxilvelad gadaegzavna axalcixis raionul sasamarTlos. 46adamianiT vaWrobis erT-erTi mcdeloba tragikulad dasrulda: siduxWireSiCavardnili vinme nino mezoblad mcxovreb naTelas daTanxmda, TurqeTis erTerTiqalaqis kazinoSi samuSaod gahyoloda, risTvisac vizis gasakeTebladsaWiro TanxasTan erTad sabuTebic Caabara. ninos gadawyvetileba SemTxveviTcnobili gaxda naTelas binaSi mcxovrebi marinasaTvis, romelic naTelas“wyalobiT” ukve namyofi iyo TurqeTSi. man ninos auxsna, sad SeiZlebodamoxvedriliyo. nino gons moego da naTelas sabuTebisa da fulis dabrunebamosTxova, razedac araerTgzis miiRo uari. maT Soris atexil Cxubs naTelasmkvleloba mohyva. 19 wlis ninos sasamarTlom 9 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTamiusaja.msgavsi magaliTebis motana mravlad SeiZleba, magram aq mTavaria `yinulis galxoba~,anu realuri brZolis dawyeba adamianiT vaWrobis (Trefiqingis) winaaRmdeg dasaWiro gzebis Zieba, raTa qveyanaSi aRmoifxvras am saxis transnacionaluridanaSaulis zrdis tendenciebi.45aWaris Sinagan saqmeTa saministros informacia.46saqarTvelos generalur prokuraturasa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi aRZruli dagamoZiebuli saqmeebis analizi (oficialuri masalebi).211

2. Trefiqingis samarTlebrivi gadawyvetasaqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi Trefiqings mxolod 171-e da 172-emuxlebiT aregulirebda, rac iTvaliswinebs sasjels antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSiarasrulwlovnebis Cabmisa da arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobisaTvis.171-e muxlis pirveli nawili danaSaulad miiCnevda arasrulwlovnis CabmasprostituciaSi an sxva seqsualur garyvnilebaSi, dayoliebas maTxovrobasa dasxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebebze.prostituciaSi Cabma niSnavs mozardi gogonas dayoliebas, raTa man sqesobrivikavSiri daamyaros nebismier mamakacTan. damnaSave iolad zemoqmedebsarasrulwlovanze dapirebebiT, saCuqrebiTa da sxva saSualebiT. sxva seqsualurgaryvnilebaSi igulisxmeba arasrulwlovnis sqesobrivi kavSiri sapirispirosqesis moqalaqesTan arabunebrivi gzebiT.maTxovrobaze dayolieba gulisxmobs damnaSavisagan arasrulwlovnis waqezebasioli gziT fulis Sovnisaken. sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi CaTreva _esaa arasrulwlovnis Cabma loTobaSi, gamabruebel an sxva saSualebaTaarasamedicino daniSnulebiT gamoyenebaSi.muxlis pirveli nawili pasuxismgeblobas awesebda im piris mimarT, romelic`yidulobs arasrulwlovans an axorcielebs sxva garigebas Svilad ayvanismizniT~. kanonmdebeli yidvaSi gulisxmobda garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdasarasrulwlovnis mflobelisaTvis bavSvis sanacvlod. sxva garigebaSiigulisxmeba winaswar gansazRvruli raime samuSaos Sesruleba, samuSaoze mowyoba,dawinaureba da a.S. marTalia, muxlis pirveli nawilis dispoziciaSi myidvelismizani arasrulwlovnis Svilad ayvana iyo, magram uxeSad irRveoda 1997 wlis11 noembris kanoni `Svilad ayvanis wesebis Sesaxeb~.muxlis meore nawili ar gamokveTda arc myidvelis, arc gamyidvelis mizans, misidispozicia zogadad krZalavda arasrulwlovnis yovelgvari motiviT yidvagayidvasan sxvagvar garigebas. samarTalmcodneni aRniSnavdnen, rom`arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva an sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba~gulisxmobs, rom damnaSavem Tavisi nayidi, nanaxi Tu moparuli bavSvi gayida,kvalifikaciisaTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonda, ra mizniT iyida myidvelmaarasrulwlovani (garda Svilad ayvanisa).muxlis mesame nawili Seicavda arasrulwlovnis yidva-gayidvis niSnebs: a)araerTgzis; b) roca yiduloben an yidian or an met arasrulwlovans, e.i.gamyidvelma erTsa da imave dros ori arasrulwlovani iyida; g) roca esdanaSauli winaswar SeTanxmebiT Caidina jgufma, igulisxmeba arasrulwlovnisyidva-gayidvamde winaswari molaparakeba bavSvis SerCevaze, Tanxis Sovnaze yidvismizniT; d) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT _ aq nagulisxmevi iyoyidva-gayidvis iseTi SemTxveva, roca danaSaulSi Careulia samSobiaro an bavSvTasaxlis direqtori an ganyofilebis gamge, romelac, Tanamdebobis gamoyenebiT,SeeZlo Caedina msgavsi danaSauli; e) sazRvargareT ukanonod gasayvanad _ aqnagulisxmevi iyo, rom damnaSaves bavSvi sazRvargareT gahyavda gasayidad; v)danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi Cabmis mizniT: am moqmedebasdamnaSave mimarTavda im ganzraxviT, rom arasrulwlovans misTvis materialurisargebloba moetana; z) sxeulis organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergva ansxvagvari gamoyeneba. samwuxarod, am procesma masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo da igiewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebs. 4747ix. Jurnali `meoxi~, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, Tb., 2001 w. gv. 22-23.212

amis magaliTia gaxmaurebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme o. gorelikis mimarT,romelsac bralad edeboda bavSvebiT vaWroba _ sasamarTlom is damnaSavedcno.saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis srulyofisTvis SesaZlebladmigvaCnda me-7 karSi (`danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg~ _ XXIII TavSi `danaSauliadamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg~) axali muxlis _ `adamianiTvaWrobis~ Setana, romelic gaiTvaliswinebda pasuxismgeblobas eqspluataciismizniT adamianiT vaWrobis sxvadasxva formebis Sesaxeb:_ cnobebis, Canawerebis falsifikacia;_ sazRvargareT sistematurad ukanono gayvana angarebis mizniT;_ adamianiT vaWroba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi;_ qmedeba, ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sikvdili, ukurnebeli seni da sxvamZime Sedegi;_ adamianiT vaWroba mzrunvelobamoklebul bavSvTa, xandazmulTa da samSobiarosaxlebSi;_ fiqtiuri organizaciebis Seqmna adamianiT vaWrobis mizniT;_ nebismieri dasaxelebisa da formis organizaciebis Seqmna, romlis ZiriTadian damatebiTi saqmianoba iqneba adamianiT vaWroba, maTi seqsualuri momsaxurebissferoSi eqspluatacia, pornofilmebSi gamoyeneba, mZime da aralegalursamuSaoze dasaqmeba;_ adamianis organoebis gayidva transplantaciisaTvis rogorc qveyanaSi, isemis farglebs gareT;_ damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis qmedebebi, dakavSirebuli sabuTebisfalsifikaciasTan, saxelmwifo sazRvarze adamianebis kontrabandasTan,arasrulwlovnebTan. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia adamianebis daqiravebaeTnokonfliqtebSi monawileobis misaRebad da maTi aralegaluri migraciasaomar operaciebSi Casabmelad.sanqciebSi damatebiT gaTvaliswinebuli unda yofiliyo mniSvnelovani sajarimoTanxebi, romelic moxmardeboda dazaralebulTa reabilitaciasa da daxmarebas.garda amisa, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi unda Sevides normaTaspecialuri Semadgenloba, romelic daaregulirebs damnaSaveTa jgufispasuxismgeblobas da dagvexmareba, ara marto gamovavlinoT organizebuli jgufisliderebi, aramed mivceT isini sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi da realuraddavSaloT kriminaluri Tanasazogadoebebi. problemisadmi aseTi midgomamogvcemda saSualebas, gadagvewyvita adamianTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebisxelyofis mTeli rigi sakiTxebi.Cveni winadadebiT, kanonmdeblobam unda gaiTvaliswinos garemoebani, romelicdamaxasiaTebelia am danaSaulebebisaTvis, magaliTad:1. adamianis yidva an gayidva, mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,prostituciaSi, monur SromaSi misi iZulebiT Cabma an donorTa SenaxvatransplantaciisaTvis;2. igive qmedebebi, romlebic Cadenili iqna dazaralebulis an misi axloblebismimarT muqariT an ZaladobiT;213

3. damnaSaveTa jgufis Seqmna da mis saqmianobaSi aqtiuri monawileoba ukanonoSemosavlebis misaRebad aralegaluri operaciebiT, korufciiT, ZaladobiT anZalis gamoyenebis muqariT;4. igive qmedebebi, romlebsac mohyva adamianebis daRupva, didi odenobiTmaterialuri zarali an sxva mZime Sedegi.am danaSaulis subieqtebi SeiZleba iyvnen pirebi, romlebic damnaSaveTaTanasazogadoebebis xelmZRvanelebi an aqtiuri wevrebi arian.jgufis xelmZRvanelebi sisxlis samarTlis wesiT ageben pasuxs jgufis mierCadenili yvela qmedebisaTvis. ase magaliTad, Tu reketis procesSi erT-erTidamnaSavis qmedebas mohyveba dazaralebulis sikvdili, maSin xelmZRvaneli pasuxsagebs TanamonawileobisaTvis im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac igi uSualod arxelmZRvanelobda an mis gegmaSi ar Sedioda konkretuli danaSaulis Cadena.aseve gaTvaliswinebuli unda yofiliyo Semdegi ukanono qmedebani, Cadenili:• ganmeorebiT, xelobis saxiT an ramdenime piris mier;• arasrulwlovanTa, mcirewlovanTa da xandazmulTa mimarT;• organizebuli jgufis an damnaSaveTa Tanasazogadoebis mier;• samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyeneba.es uzrunvelyofda damnaSaveTa jgufebis mier aRniSnuli ukanono saqmianobisaRkveTas winaswar stadiaze, anu mis prevencias.aseTia adamianiT vaWrobis kriminologiuri da samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi.2003 wlis 10 ivlisidan saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi amoqmeddacvlilebebi da damatebebi, romelic exeba adamianiT vaWrobas. kerZod, kodeqssdaemata 143 1 da 143 2 muxlebi `adamianTa vaWroba (Trefiqingi)~. maTi Sinaarsi aseTia:1. adamianis yidva an gayidva, mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,iZulebiT, SantaJiT an motyuebiT adamianis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalvaanda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.sanqciiT gaTvaliswinebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuTidan Tormet wlamde.2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili a) araerTgzis, b) ori an meti piris mimarT, g) damnaSavismier winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis mimarT; d) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobisgamoyenebiT; e) dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT; v) sicocxlis anjanmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi ZaladobiT anda aseTi Zalis gamoyenebis muqariT;z) winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis an damnaSavezematerialurad anda sxvagvarad damokidebulis mimarT gaTvaliswinebuliasasjeli rvidan TxuTmet wlamde.3. am muxlis pirveli an meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, a) Cadeniliorganizebuli jgufis mier; b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sikvdili ansxva mZime Sedegi, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Tormetidan oc wlamde.rac Seexeba 143 2 muxls, igi exeba `arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobas~ (Trefiqings),romlis SinaarsSic gaTvaliswinebulia:1. arasrulwlovanTa yidva an gayidva, mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,misi gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva anda miReba eqsluataciis mizniT.sasjeli gacilebiT mkacria _ rvidan TxuTmet wlamde.214

2. am muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, Cadenili: a) araerTgzis; b)iZulebiT, SantaJiT an motyuebiT; g) ori an meti arasrulwlovnis mimarT; e)sicocxlis an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi ZaladobiT anda aseTi Zaladobisgamoyenebis muqariT; v) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT; z) damnaSavismier winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis an damnaSavezematerialurad anda sxvagvarad damokidebulebis mimarT, isjeba TavisuflebisaRkveTiT vadiT Tormetidan Cvidmet wlamde.3. am muxlis me-2 an me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba: a) Cadeniliorganizebuli jgufis mier; b) ramac gamoiwvia arasrulwlovnis sicocxlismospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Tormetidanoc wlamde an uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. 48rogorc vxedavT, Tavis droze Cven mier dasmul sakiTxTa garkveuli nawiligaTvaliswinebuli iqna kanonmdeblobaSi, Tumca kvlavac gagvaCnia garkveulimosazrebebi, rac ufro naTels da mkafios gaxdis am Trefiqingis winaaRmdegbrZolas.143 1 muxlis iuridiuli daxasiaTeba ufro naTel warmodgenas Seqmnis misavkargianobaze:adamianis yidva an gayidva, mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,iZulebiT, SantaJiT an motyuebiT adamianis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva andamiReba eqspluataciis mizniT.rogorc muxlis dispoziciidan Cans, kanoni danaSaulad miiCnevs moqalaqis:1. yidvas;2. gayidvas;3. sxva ukanono garigebas;4. gadabirebas;5. sazRvargareT gadayvanas;6. gadamalvas;7. miRebas eqspluataciis mizniT.CamonaTval danaSaulebriv qmedebebs damnaSavem SeiZleba miaRwiosdazaralebulTan:_ iZulebiT;_ SantaJiT;_ motyuebiT.kanonis moTxovnaTa ukeT warmosadgenad ganvixilavT TiToeul danaSauls damisi miRwevis xerxebs._ yidva-gayidvaSi samoqalaqo samarTlis kanonmdebloba gulisxmobs mxareTaSoris urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvelze nivTebis an fulisa da nivTis gacvlas.aseTi urTierToba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc zepiri, ise werilobiTiSeTanxmebiT.48ix. saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne, I naw. 1999 w., #41(48).215

gansaxilvel muxlSi kanonmdebeli yidva-gayidvis obieqtad gulisxmobs adamians._ sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcielebaSi kanonmdebeli gulisxmobs damnaSavesada dazaralebuls Soris raime ukanono morigeba-SeTanxmebas, raTadazaralebuli Caebas danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi an damnaSavisaTvissasargeblo sxva kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi. magaliTad, damnaSave gaurigdaadamians, Caebas prostituciaSi da sanacvlod solidur Tanxas dahpirda;_ damnaSavis mier adamianis iZulebaSi kanoni gulisxmobs fizikur da fsiqikurzewolas, gavlenas adamianze, raTa damnaSavem igi daimorCilos da CaiTriossasurvel kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi;_ SantaJSi igulisxmeba damnaSavis mier dazaralebulis daSineba saxelisa daRirsebis gamtexi informaciis gavrcelebiT da misi amgvarad damorCilebadayolieba;_ gadayvanaSi nagulisxmevia samSoblodan sxva qveyanaSi gadaadgileba, raRaTqma unda, esec SantaJiT, ZaladobiT an motyuebiT xorcieldeba;_ gadamalvaSi kanonmdebeli gulisxmobs damnaSavis mier dazaralebulis iseTadgilze moTavsebas, romlis mignebac ucxo pirs ar SeuZlia;_ adamianis eqspluataciisTvis miReba niSnavs, rom damnaSaves adamiani arc uyidiada arc piradad gadmoubirebia, Tumca miuyvanes da manac miiRo saeqspluataciod.es ukve danaSaulia, Tundac eqspluatacia ar iyos dawyebuli.eqspluataciaSi nagulisxmevia damnaSavis mier adamianis energiisa daSesaZleblobis usasyidlo an minimaluri anazRaurebiT dauzogavi xarjva misipativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvel pirobebSi. Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva,ojaxTan kavSiris gawyveta, kulturuli cxovrebisagan CamoSoreba.CamoTvlili qmedebebi (rogorc ukve iTqva) mimarTulia adamianis xelSiCagdebisaken da misi SesaZleblobis sruli dauflebisaken, rac iTvaliswinebsadamianis sxvadasxva formiT gamoyenebas, kerZod: iZulebiT dasaqmebas,danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi an prostituciaSi Cabmas,sxeulis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis mokveTas da sxvisTvis gadanergvasda a. S.adamianiT vaWrobis kvalifikacia mocemulia muxlis meore da mesame nawilebSi.meore nawili moicavs qmedebis Semdeg saxeebs:a) araerTgzis _ danaSaulis Cadena orjer an metjer, Tanac aucilebeli ar arisTundac erTi romelime pirisTvis nasamarTloba;b) ori an meti piris mimarT _ erTi ganzraxviT ori an meti adamianis yidvas angayidvas, maTTan sxva ukanono garigebas, iZulebiT, SantaJiT an motyuebiTramdenime adamianis gadabirebas danaSaulis Casadenad an prostituciaSiCasabmelad, maT sazRvargareT gadayvanas, gadamalvas da a.S.;g) damnaSavis mier winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis mimarT _ damnaSavemdanaSaulis ganxorcielebamde (yidvamde, gayidvamde da sxv.) icoda qalisfexmZimobis ambavi. am qmedebis gansakuTrebuli saSiSroeba isaa, rom qalseqspluataciiT safrTxe emuqreba ara marto dedas, aramed mis Svilsac;d) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT _ aseT viTarebaSi damnaSave ioladaxerxebs dazaralebulis motyuebas, daSinebas da amiT danaSaulebrivi miznebisganxorcielebas. magaliTad, warmoebis direqtorma mosTxova Tavis TanamSromelmravalSvilian dedas, rom erT-erTi Svili mieSvilebina misi naTesavisaTvis216

ucxoeTSi. dedamac Seasrula direqtoris moTxovna samuSaodan moxsnis,daqveiTebis an sxva muqaris gamo, gadabirebiT Tu daSinebiT. direqtormanaSvilebi ucxoeTSi prostituciaSi an sxva raime kanonsawinaaRmdegosaqmianobaSi Caaba;e) dazaralebulis sazRvargareT danaSaulebriv gadayvanaSi kanonmdebeligulisxmobs adamianis gayvanas sazRvargareT iZulebiT an motyuebiT, sadacdamnaSavem mis mimarT unda ganaxorcielos muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlildanaSaulTagan romelime (gayidva, eqspluatacia da sxv.);v) sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi ZaladobiT anda aseTi Zaladobisgamoyenebis muqariT niSnavs, rom damnaSave dazaralebuls daSinebisa dadamorCilebis mizniT xeliT, sagniT an sxva raime iaraRiT ayenebs sxeulismZime, naklebad mZime an msubuq dazianebas, Zaladobis gamoyenebis momentSiqmnis misi sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis realur safrTxes. amis mizeziSeiZleba iyos mizanmimarTuli dartymebi sxeulis sasicocxlo organoebze(Tavi, muceli), sasunTqi gzebis gadaketva, moZravi transportidan gadagdeba,daWra da a.S.;aqve aRvniSnavT, rom muxlSi araferia naTqvami fsiqikur Zaladobaze, romelicaranakleb saSiSia sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis. SesaZloa, `saSiSZaladobaSi~ orive igulisxmeba, magram kanoni nebismier SemTxvevaSi dazustebasmoiTxovs. rac Seexeba Zaladobis muqaras, masSi igulisxmeba dazaralebuliscemiT, mokvliT, daSineba da damorCileba.z) winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobis gamoyeneba.umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi dazaralebuli sxvadasxva niSnebiT xasiaTdeba. kerZod,rodesac mas, Tavisi fizikuri da sulieri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare(mcirewlovnobis periodi, fizikuri nakli, sulieri gauwonasworebloba, ugonomdgomareoba da a.S.), ar Seswevs unari, Seicnos mniSvneloba mis mimarTganxorcielebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebisa an ar ZaluZs, winaaRmdegoba gauwiosdamnaSaves. kvalifikaciisaTvis aucilebelia, damnaSaves gacnobierebuli hqondesdazaralebulis umweo mdgomareoba.materialur damokidebulebaSi kanonmdebeli gulisxmobs damnaSavis mierdazaralebulis uzrunvelyofas biniT, sakvebiT, tansacmliT da a.S. rodesacdazaralebuls sxva saxsari ar gaaCnia. sxvagvar damokidebulebaSi ki igulisxmebadazaralebulis daqvemdebareba damnaSavisadmi an pedagogisa da moswavlisurTierToba da sxv.muxlis mesame nawili iTvaliswinebs pirveli-meore nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebulqmedebas organizebuli jgufis mier, ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sikvdilian sxva mZime Sedegi.organizebuli jgufi aris damnaSave TanamonawileTa erTianoba, romelicSeqmnilia qonebriv danaSaulTa Casadenad da uSromeli SemosavliTgasamdidreblad. misi ZiriTadi niSnebia: TanamosaqmeTa specialuri SerCevafizikuri da gonebrivi Zalis, mWidro saqmiani kontaqtebis, gabedulebisa danebisyofis gamorCeulobiT, sijiutisa da daumorCileblobis, uryeobisa dasimtkicis paTosiT, uRalatobis ficiT, subordinaciis mWidro da ganuxrelidacviT, saqmianobis dagegmviTa da funqciebis zusti ganawilebiT, ufrosisadmiusityvo morCilebiT. damaxasiaTebelia isic, rom Tanamonawileni calkeuligundebis saxiT moqmedeben sxvadasxva raionisa da qalaqis teritoriaze,emorCilebian `centrs~, anu xelmZRvanel birTvs.217

jgufis moqmedeba damamZimebel garemoebad iTvleba, vinaidan misi wevrebiwinaswari momzadebis, molaparakebisa da gaazrebis, funqciaTa zustad ganawilebissafuZvelze moqmedeben. TiToeul maTgans danaSaulis msvlelobisas garkveulifunqcia akisria. es qmedeba moWarbebulad saSiSia, radgan erTianoba aqezebs,imedsa da Zalas aZlevs TiToeul maTgans dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad.punqti `b~ gansakuTrebiT mZime saxea gansaxilveli danaSaulisa, radgan igidazaralebulis sikvdils an sxva mZime Sedegs iTvaliswinebs. pirs rom esgaremoeba davdoT bralad, aucileblad unda davadginoT, rom dazaralebulissikvdili an sxva mZime Sedegi warmoiSva swored iZulebis da mwvave eqspluataciisSedegad. cxadia, braldebuls ar hqonda ganzraxuli dazaralebulis sikvdilian sxva mZime Sedegi, magram ase moxda gaufrTxileblobiT (magaliTad, moWarbebulieqspluatacia, sxeulis nawilis mokveTa samedicino wesebis darRveviT da sxv.).aseT dros braleulis moqmedeba zustad kvalificirdeba gansaxilveli muxliTise, rom sxva muxlebis moSveliebas aRar saWiroebs. magram Tuki damnaSaveeqspluataciis procesSi ganzrax moklavs dazaralebuls, maSin misi moqmedebadakvalificirdeba ganzrax mkvlelobiT da gansazRvruli muxliT.sxva mZime SedegSi kanonmdebeli gulisxmobs dazaralebulis TviTmkvlelobas,fsiqikur daavadebas da a.S.rac Seexeba 143 2 muxls - arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (Trefiqingi), misi dispoziciaTavisi samive nawiliT identuria 143 1 muxlisa, garda imisa, rom 143 2 muxlisSinaarsi exeba arasrulwlovans. amdenad, am muxls aRar ganvixilavT.gansaxilveli danaSaulis uSualo obieqtia adamianis pativi da Rirseba, damatebiTobieqtad arcTu iSviaTad gvevlineba adamianis sicocxle da janmrTeloba.obieqturi mxare SeiZleba gamoixatos adamianis yidvaSi, gayidvaSi, transplantaciismizniT mZime an naklebad mZime dazianebaSi, eqspluataciaSi, dazaralebulisgaufrTxileblobiT daRupvaSi an sxva mZime SedegSi, aseve gadabirebaSi.zemoT CamoTvlil qmedebebze dazaralebulis realuri Tanxmoba gamoricxavsam danaSaulis Semadgenlobas (dazaralebuli Tavisi nebiT daeTanxma sxeulisnawilis mokveTas, prostituciaSi Cabmas da a.S.).danaSaulis subieqti SeiZleba iyos nebismieri srulwlovani moqalaqe.subieqtur mxares warmoadgens damnaSave. pirs Segnebuli aqvs, rom igi yidis,yidulobs, eqspluatacias uwevs adamians.danaSaulis motivi TiTqmis yovelTvis materialuri an sxva saxis gamorCenaa,magram ar aris gamoricxuli sxva motivic _ SurisZieba, siZulvili, dacinva dasxv. magaliTad, ruseT-CeCneTis omis dros rus tyveebs CeCnebi aulebSi mZimedamuSavebdnen ara maincdamainc materialuri sargeblobis misaRebad, aramedSurisZiebis, siZulvilis, damcirebis mizniT.218

saqarTvelos sazRvarze gasul da Semosul moqalaqeTa moZraobisdinamika 49# weli gavida Semovida ar dabrunebulaSeniSvna%1 1999 295000 290000 5000 1,72 2000 318000 294000 23000 7,23 2001 307000 268000 38000 12,44 2002 317000 277000 40000 12,65sul2003 wlisI kvartali1999 weli -2003 wlisI kvartali1237000 68375 5000 7,81300916 1197375 111000 8,549cxrili Sedgenilia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris dacvis departamentis informaciazedayrdnobiT.219

msxverplTa `dauflebis~ amsaxveli sqema220

Tavi Vrekomendaciebi antiTrefiqinguli kanonmdeblobissrulyofisaTvis saqarTveloSi1. zogadi rekomendaciebikvlevam gviCvena, rom saqarTveloSi garkveuli nabijebi gadaidga TrefiqingiswinaaRmdeg. es exeba xelisuflebis politikur nebasa da sakanonmdeblo bazas,magram problema sabolood mainc ver mogvarda. amis Tqmis safuZvels iZlevaCatarebuli kvleva, oficialuri dokumentebi da statistikuri masala.Cveni azriT, am negatiur movlenas win unda aRvudgeT RonisZiebaTa kompleqsiT,romelic pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos zogad da specialur nawilebad.zogads miekuTvneba:1. qveynis aRmSenebloba da ekonomikuri donis amaRleba;2. axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna;3. xelfasebisa da pensiebis zrda.specialuri RonisZiebebia:1. qalTa uflebebis dasacavad saxelmwifo antiTrefiqinguli programis (gegmis)srulyofa da moqmedebis arealis gafarToeba;2. Tanamedrove Sromis kanonmdeblobaSi axali normebis Setana genderulirealiebis gaTvaliswinebiT;3. specialuri kompleqsuri kanonis Seqmna adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg, romelicaxleburad moawesrigebs TrefiqingTan, prostituciasTan da pornobiznesTandakavSirebul sakiTxebs.CamoTvlil winadadebaTa realizaciisaTvis aucilebelia erTiani koncefciisSeqmna, romelic SeiZleba Seicavdes specialur RonisZiebebs:a) qveyanaSi arsebuli `seqsbiznesis~ safuZvliani Seswavla da prostituciasTansabrZolvelad saxelmwifo politikis SemuSaveba;b) naSvilebi bavSvebis sazRvargareT gayvanis mkacri kontroli da saTanadosakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa, raTa Tavidan aviciloT ucxo qveynebSi maTigayidva;g) gaeros transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis konvenciis ratificirebada konvenciis xelmomweri da sxva qveynebis Sesabamis struqturebTaninformaciis operatiuli gacvla;d) qveynidan gasul da Semosul pirTa aRricxva, rac saSualebas mogvcems,gavaanalizoT, darCenilTa Soris ramdeni xdeba Trefiqingis msxverpli;e) sazogadoebisaTvis aucilebeli informaciis miwodeba, radgan Cven miergamokiTxuli 100 respondentidan problemas icnobs mxolod 25%;v) umaRles saswavleblebSi, saSualo skolebis damamTavrebel klasebSi, sabavSvosaxlebSi, pedagogebSi, riskis jgufSi Semaval regionebSi am kuTxiT specialurisaganmanaTleblo programebis SemuSaveba;221

z) saxelmwifo struqturebis TanamSromlebisaTvis, visac uSualod evalebaantiTrefiqinguli RonisZiebebis gatareba, specialuri treningebis Catareba;T) sapasporto samsaxurebisa da Sesabamisi uwyebebis urTierTTanamSromlobisada kontrolis sistemis SemuSaveba, radganac aRZruli saqmeebidan naTladCans sabuTebis gayalbebaSi savizo, sapasporto da sakontrolo samsaxurebiskanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebani;i) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Sesatani cvlilebebisa dadamatebebis momzadeba;k) prostituciisa da Trefiqingis winaaRmdeg brZolis uwyebaTSorisi samsaxurisSeqmna;l) problemis Semdgomi kvlevisa da prognozirebis organizeba.saWirod migvaCnia, dawvrilebiT SevCerdeT adamianiT vaWrobis (Trefiqingis)winaaRmdeg brZolis kompleqsuri RonisZiebebis ZiriTad debulebebze dacalkeuli statiebis Sinaarsze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSiCveneuli winadadebebis Sesatanad.Cveni azriT, kanoni `adamianiT vaWrobis (Trefiqingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~aucileblad unda Seicavdes:1. zogad debulebebs Trefiqingisa da misi Tanmxlebi movlenebis (prostitucia,narkomania da a.S.) winaaRmdeg brZolis aucileblobis Sesaxeb;2. ZiriTad definiciebs gaeros konvenciebis, sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebisda Sida (saSinao) kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad;3. im struqturebis CamonaTvals, romlebic pasuxs ageben Trefiqingis winaaRmdegbrZolaze maTi ierarqiis, koordinaciis aRweriT;4. aRkveTis, acilebis, gamoZiebisa da damnaSaveTa dasjisaTvis aucilebeliRonisZiebebis amomwurav CamonaTvals, maT Soris: sisxlissamarTlebriv,procesualur, administraciul, samoqalaqo, operatiul-samZebro da sagamoZiebozomebis dakonkretebas;5. saerTaSoriso da saxelmwifo organizaciaTaA TanamSromlobis formebisaRweras;6. antiTrefiqinguli RonisZiebebis dafinansebis wyaroTa CamonaTvals;7. dazaralebulebTan urTierTobis sakiTxebs, maT Soris: xelSeuxeblobisuzrunvelyofas, ucxoeTSi uflebebis dacvas, xelyofisa da zewolisagan dacvas,reabilitacias, mkurnalobas, kompensacias;8. mowmeebis mimarT damokidebulebas;9. Trefiqingis msxverplTa reabilitaciis specialuri centrebis organizaciissakiTxebs;10. saqarTvelosa da ucxoeTSi sakonsuloebTan da warmomadgenlobebTanspecialuri struqturebis (ganyofilebebis) Seqmnas dazaralebulTaTvissamarTlebrivi, materialuri, sakonsultacio daxmarebis aRmosaCenad, agreTvesazRvargareT dakargul moqalaqeTa Zebnis organizacias;11. turistuli firmebisa da organizaciebis muSaobis mosawesrigebladcentralizebuli samsaxuris Seqmnas maTi kontrolis uzrunvelsayofad222

(mowesrigeba gulisxmobs am dawesebulebaTa muSaobis licenzirebas,unificirebuli kontraqtebis, xelSekrulebebis, saWiro dokumentebisCamonaTvalis arsebobas, saqarTvelodan gamsvlel pirTa savaldebulodazRvevas da sxva RonisZiebebs);12. saxelmwifo samecniero centris Seqmna Trefiqingis kvlevisa da prevenciisaTvis,romelic pasuxismgebeli iqneba iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa:___antiTrefiqinguli RonisZiebebis mimdinareoba da misi Sedegebis SesaxebmoqalaqeTa informireba masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT;saswavlo dawesebulebebsa da saxelmwifo organizaciebSi treningebisCatareba;aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba;13. TavSesafris Seqmna im msxverplTaTvis, romlebic ojaxma ar miiRo. esgaaadvilebs maTTan kontaqts, maT dacvas da TanamSromlobas samarTaldamcavorganoebTan.kriminaluri eqspluataciis Sesabamisi muxlebis Catarebuli analizis safuZvelzeSemoTavazebulia am muxlebis axali redaqcia, rac, Cveni azriT, srulyofsTrefiqingisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis reglamentirebas.2. sakanonmdeblo winadadebani saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 137-e, 138-e, 139-e, 143-e, 253-e, 254-e da 362-e muxlebTandakavSirebiTorganizaciuli saqmianoba adamianTa gadabirebis, gadayvanis, gadacemis,mfarvelobisaTvis maTi TanxmobiT mesame qveynebSi eqspluataciisgansaxorcieleblad ukanono samuSaoze sxvadasxva legalur Tu aralegalursferoSi.isjeba jarimiT, gansazRvruli saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT an TavisuflebisaRkveTiT 2 wlamde.igive qmedeba, Cadenili muqaris an Zaladobis gamoyenebiT, Zaldatanebis sxvaformiT, gatacebiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebiT,umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT an mosyidvis gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRebad,romelic meore pirs akontrolebs.isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 3-dan 8 wlamde.igive qmedeba, Cadenili:a) ori an meti piris mimarT;b) arasrulwlovnis mimarT;g) araerTgzis an xelobis saxiT;d) fsiqikuri an fizikuri Zaladobis gamoyenebiT an misi gamoyenebis muqariT;e) pirTa an organizebul jgufTan erTad; danaSaulebriv TanasazogadoebasTanwinaswari SeTanxmebiT;v) Tanamdebobis piris an xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis mier samsaxurebrivimdgomareobis gamoyenebiT;223

z) dazaralebulis materialuri an sxvagvari damokidebulebis gamoyenebiT;T) sazRvargareT adamianTa ukanono gayvaniT an sazRvargareTidan ukanonoSemoyvaniT;i) dazaralebulisagan organoebis an qsovilis amoRebiT transplantaciisaTvis;k) dazaralebulis gamoyenebiT surogat dedad;l) danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi CaTreva isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 5-dan 15wlamde;m) qmedeba, gaTvaliswinebuli am muxlis pirveli-meore nawilebiT, romelmacgamoiwvia sikvdili, gaupatiureba an sxva mZime Sedegi _ isjeba TavisuflebisaRkveTiT 10-dan 20 wlamde.muxlis pirveli nawili moicavs mxolod nebayoflobiT damokidebulebasdamnaSavesa da dazaralebuls Soris. sanqciebi am nawilSi ZiriTadad undagulisxmobdes mkacr sasjels, gansazRvrul saqmianobaze licenziis CamorTmevasda Tavisuflebis aRkveTas jarimis gadauxdelobisa da danaSaulis ganmeorebiTCadenisaTvis (kontrabandis SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba dgeba danaSaulTaerTobliobiT).im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac qmedeba Trefiqingis niSnebiT xorcieldeba `muqaris anZaladobis gamoyenebiT, iZulebis, gatacebis, TaRliTobis, motyuebis, Zalauflebisborotad gamoyenebis, umweo mdgomareobis an mosyidvis gziT im piris TanxmobismisaRebad, romelic sxva pirs akontrolebs~, saWiroa misi dakvalificireba me-2nawiliT.mesame nawilSi mocemulia makvalificirebeli qmedeba, gaTvaliswinebuli meorenawiliT.meoTxe nawili iTvaliswinebs qmedebas, romelmac gamoiwvia ganukurnebeli seniTdaavadeba, sikvdili da sxva mZime Sedegebi.aseTi danaSaulis obieqtad iTvleba moqalaqeTa sicocxle da janmrTeloba.obieqturi mxare mdgomareobs adamianTa gadabirebaSi, transportirebaSi,mfarvelobaSi, mesame qveyanaSi gadacemaSi eqspluataciisaTvis (prostitucia,pornografia, monuri samuSao, bavSvis gaCena an surogatuli dedis funqciisSesruleba). danaSauli dasrulebulad iTvleba, Tu ganxorcielebuliazemodasaxelebuli nebismieri qmedeba.damnaSaved iTvleba 16 wels miRweuli Seracxadi piri.subieqturi mxare, pirdapiri ganzraxva da angarebaimasTan dakavSirebiT, rom arasrulwlovnis (18 wlamde) Trefiqingi miCneuliamakvalificirebel garemoebad (ssk-is muxli 143 2 -e, muxli 172 1 -e 50 ,“arasrulwlovnebiT vaWroba”), kodeqsidan amoRebuli unda iqnas. am muxlispirveli nawili `arasrulwlovnis yidva an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebebisganxorcieleba misi Svilad ayvanis mizniT~ SeiZleba gadavides saqarTvelosssk-is 173-e muxlSi `Svilad an Svilobilad ayvanis wesis darRveva~, radgan50saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 172 1 -e muxli “Svilad ayvanis mizniT fexmZimeqalebis winaswari SerCeva da mSobiarobisaTvis saqarTvelos farglebs gareT gayvanisSesaZleblobis Seqmna an aseT gaSvilebaSi xelSewyoba” (saqarTvelos 2003 wlis 26 agvistoskanoni)224

arsebiTad warmoadgens Cinovnikebis korufciul saqmianobas, romlebicaregulireben Svilad ayvanis process _ isini Svilad ayvanis msurvel ojaxebssZalaven fuls bavSvis SerCevisa da gaformebisaTvis.proeqti: sssk-is 173-e muxls _ Svilad an Svilobilad ayvanis wesis darRveva _emateba ori nawili.1. gasamrjelos miReba Svilad ayvanis kanonieri procedurisganxorcielebisaTvis.2. dedis mier bavSvis gayidva gaSvilebis mizniT.obieqtad iTvleba arasrulwlovnis interesebi. aRniSnuli danaSaulis obieqturimxare pirveli da meore nawiliT mdgomareobs arasrulwlovanTa yidva-gayidvaSi,rac iTvleba saerTaSoriso konvenciebisa da saqarTvelos kanonebis darRvevad.am kanonebiT akrZalulia adamianiT vaWroba nebismieri formiT.subieqti pirveli nawilis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos mxolod Tanamdebobis piri,romelic pasuxismgebelia Svilad ayvanis proceduraze.meore nawilis mixedviT subieqti SeiZleba iyos rogorc bavSvis biologiurideda, ise mis mier uflebamosili piri, romelic bavSvis gayidvis garigebas debs.Trefiqingis winaaRmdeg brZolis erT-erT efeqtur meqanizmad iTvleba iseTisamarTlebrivi normis Seqmna, romelic daaregulirebs pasuxismgeblobaseqspluataciis mizniT sxva qveynebSi adamianTa gadabirebisa da transportirebisganmaxorcielebeli organizaciebis SeqmnisaTvis.kodeqsSi arsebuli 192-e muxli 51 aregulirebs ukanono samewarmeo saqmianobas,Tumca igi sakmaod bundovania da praqtikulad usargeblo. saWiroa kodeqsisSevseba axali muxliT.proeqti: sssk-is 192′-e muxli _ organizaciuli saqmianoba, dakavSirebulisazRvargareT ukanono SromiT mowyobasTan.saqmianoba, dakavSirebuli ulicenziod sazRvargareT SromiT mowyobasTan.sasjeli: jarima, gamasworebeli samuSaoebi 6 Tvemde.fiqtiuri organizaciebis Seqmna sxva qveynebSi adamianTa Trefiqingisgansaxorcieleblad eqspluataciis mizniT.sasjeli: jarima, gamasworebeli samuSaoebi 1 wlamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTaamave vadiT.igive qmedeba, Cadenili fiqtiuri dokumentebis gamoyenebiT, kontrabandis ansaxelmwifo moxeleTa moqrTamvis organizeba.sasjeli: Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuT wlamde. am danaSaulis obieqtad iTvlebasazogadoebrivi usafrTxoeba da mosaxleobis janmrTeloba.obieqturi mxare mdgomareobs iseTi organizaciis SeqmnaSi, romelic eweodaTrefiqings. danaSauli dasrulebulad iTvleba, Tu aSkaraa Trefiqingisganxorcielebis faqti qveynis farglebs gareT im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tudazaralebuli ar daeqvemdebara eqspluatacias.51saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 172 1 -e muxli “Svilad ayvanis mizniT fexmZime qalebiswinaswari SerCeva da mSobiarobisaTvis saqarTvelos farglebs gareT gayvanis SesaZleblobisSeqmna an aseT gaSvilebaSi xelSewyoba” (saqarTvelos 2003 wlis 26 agvistos kanoni), gv. 81.225

danaSaulis subieqtad iTvlebian organizaciis mesakuTre da xelmZRvanelebi.subieqturi mxare: pirdapiri ganzraxva da angareba. 52garda zemoaRniSnulisa, Trefiqingis irgvliv Catarebulma kvlevam cxadyo, romadamianis vaWrobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis maregulirebel saqarTvelos ssk-ismuxlebTan erTad arsebobs mTeli rigi muxlebi, romlebSic saWiroa cvlilebebisada damatebebis Setana Trefiqingis xelSemwyobi saqmianobisa da am saqmianobisSedegebis kriminalizaciisaTvis.XXII TavSi `danaSauli sqesobrivi Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg~aucilebelia rig muxlebSi damatebis Setana, kerZod:muxlSi 137 _ `gaupatiureba~.Cveni monacemebiT, sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebasa da warmoebis sferoebSisazRvargareT gayvanil axalgazrda qalTa TiTqmis naxevari ZaldatanebiTmoaxvedres garyvnilebis bunagSi, sadac xdeboda maTze Zaladoba da maTigaupatiureba prostituciaSi Cabmis mizniT. magram am danaSaulisaTvispraqtikulad aravin isjeba, radgan amgvar Zaladobasa da gaupatiurebas sxvaqveynebSi sCadian: ar arsebobs arc saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba, romeliciTvaliswinebs msgavsi Zaladobis gamoZiebisas Cveni qveynis Tanamonawileobas.Sedegad, pasuxismgeblobas Tavidan icileben ara marto moZaladeebi ucxoqveynebidan, aramed Cveni Tanamemamuleebic, romlebmac gaagzavnes gogonebi. esimiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-emuxli ar iTvaliswinebs Trefiqingis msxverplis gaupatiurebas, rogorcmakvalificirebel garemoebas. am damatebis Setana SesaZlebels gaxdida Trefiqeris,rogorc sxva qveyanaSi gaupatiurebis Cadenis Tanamonawilis, pasuxisgebaSi micemassaqarTvelos ssk-is 25-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela SedegiT. amasTan,mocemuli kriminaluri qmedebis subieqturi mxare unda iTvaliswinebdes rogorcpirdapir, ise irib ganzraxvasac. Cveulebriv, Trefiqerma icis an varaudobs, rommsxverpls sazRvargareT saeWvo dawesebulebaSi samuSaod gzavnis da ar iZlevamisi uflebebis dacvis araviTar garantias, anu mas Zalismieri qmedebis angaupatiurebisTvis swiravs. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vilaparakoT msxverplisumweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebaze, romelic ucxo qveyanaSi moklebuliaZaladobisagan dacvas, gansakuTrebiT Tu igi ar flobs adgilobriv enas, imyofebaan muSaobs aralegalurad.amitom 137-e muxlis (`gaupatiureba~) mesame nawils, sxva makvalificirebel niSnebTanerTad, unda daematos punqti `z~, e.i. Trefiqingis msxverplis gaupatiurebaprostituciaSi Cabmis iZulebiT.unda aRiniSnos, rom mocemuli danaSaulis subieqti SeiZleba iyos rogorcmamakaci, ise qali, romelmac xeli Seuwyo gaupatiurebis Cadenas (magaliTad,qali-Trefiqeri, romelic sazRvargareT agzavnis gogonebs prostituciaSi CabmismizniT).mocemuli muxli kodeqsSi warmodgenili unda iyos Semdegi redaqciiT:muxli 137. gaupatiureba1. gaupatiureba, e. i. sqesobrivi kavSiri ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT andazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT samidan Svid wlamde.52sakanonmdeblo winadadebebi momzadebulia mkvlevar g. RlontTan erTad.226

2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili:a) araerTgzis;b) piris mier, visac adre Cadenili hqonda am kodeqsis 138-141-e muxlebiTgaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT xuTidan aT wlamde.3. gaupatiureba:a) jgufurad;b) damnaSavis mier fexmZime qalis an arasrulwlovnis winaswari SecnobiT;g) dazaralebulis an sxva piris mimarT gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT;d) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT;v) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulisaTvis Sidsis Seyra, misi janmrTelobisdazianeba an sxva mZime Sedegi;z) Trefiqingis msxverplis prostituciaSi Cabmis mizniT, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT xuTidan TxuTmet wlamde.4. gaupatiureba imisa, visac ar Sesrulebia ToTxmeti weli, _5. isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT aTidan oc wlamde. 53analogiuri damateba da cvlileba unda Sevides 138-e muxlSi `seqsualurixasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba~. kerZod, muxlis mesame nawils unda daematospunqti `v~, e.i. qmedeba, Cadenili Trefiqingis aSkara msxverplis mimarT.mocemuli muxli warmodgenili unda iyos Semdegi redaqciiT:muxli 138. seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba1. mamaTmavloba, lesboseloba an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqtigaukuRmarTebuli formiT, Cadenili ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT andazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT samidan Svid wlamde.2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili;a) araerTgzis;b) imis mier, visac adre Cadenili hqonda am kodeqsis 137-e, 139-e, 140-e da 141-emuxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli;g) damnaSavis mier orsuli qalis an arasrulwlovnis winaswari SecnobiT, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT xuTidan TxuTmet wlamde.3. seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba, Cadenili:a) jgufurad;b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sikvdili;g) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulisaTvis Sidsis Seyra, misi janmrTelobisdazianeba an sxva mZime Sedegi;53saqarTvelos 2000 wlis 30 ivnisis #458-IIs kanoni.227

d) gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT;e) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, _v) Trefiqingis msxverplis mimarT, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT xuTidan TxuTmet wlamde.4. seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba imis mimarT, visac ar SesrulebiaToTxmeti weli, _isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT aTidan oc wlamde. 54aucilebelia ssk-is 139-e muxlSi `sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTissxvagvari moqmedebis iZuleba” cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setana. rogorcpraqtika aCvenebs, Trefiqeri xSirad mimarTavs SantaJs. SesaZloa, Trefiqeridazaralebulze zemoqmedebisTvis iyenebdes muqaras, angariSi gausworos ojaxiswevrebs an sxva axlobel adamians.garda amisa, sasurvelia, am muxls daematos me-2 nawili da is CamoyalibdesSemdegnairad:_ igive qmedeba, Cadenili Trefiqingis msxverplis mimarT prostituciaze ankriminaluri cxovrebis wesze misi dayoliebis mizniT.muxli 139 saqarTvelos ssk-Si SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnas Semdegi redaqciiT:muxli 139. sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvarimoqmedebis iZuleba1. sqesobrivi kavSiris, mamaTmavlobis, lesboselobis an sxvagvari seqsualurikontaqtis iZuleba SantaJiT, materialuri, samsaxurebrivi an sxvagvaridamokidebulebis gamoyenebiT, _isjeba jarimiT, erT wlamde gamasworebeli samuSaoTi anda or wlamdeTavisuflebis aRkveTiT.2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili Trefiqingis msxverplis mimarT prostituciaSi ankriminalur saqmianobaSi misi Cabmis mizniT isjeba jarimiT, erT wlamdegamasworebeli samuSaoTi an sam wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.3. unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba sruladar iTvaliswinebs Semdeg faqtors: saqarTvelo ara marto mimwodebel, aramedmimReb qveyanasac warmoadgens, sadac aralegalur saroskipo saxlebSi,sastumroebSi, abanoebsa da a.S. prostituciaSi Cabmulni arian yofili sabWoTakavSirisa da mravali sxva qveynis moqalaqeebi. saqarTveloSi Trefiqingismsxverpli eqspluataciis obieqtsac warmoadgens, rac adamianis uflebebisuxeSi darRvevaa. amdenad, gamarTlebulad migvaCnia ssk-is XXXII Tavis(`danaSauli mosaxleobis janmrTelobisa da sazogadoebrivi zneobiswinaaRmdeg~) zogierT muxlSi cvlilebebis Setana:ssk-is 253-e muxls `prostituciaSi Cabma~ saWiroa daematos me-3 nawili _ igiveqmedeba, Cadenili sxva qveynis moqalaqis mimarT, Tu igi saqarTveloSi specialuradiyo Camoyvanili seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT. mocemuli qmedebis obieqturmxares Seadgens sxva qveynis moqalaqis prostituciaSi Cabma motyuebiT, ZaladobiTan muqariT. mocemuli danaSaulis subieqti SeiZleba iyos rogorc saqarTvelos,ise sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqe, subieqturi mxare _ pirdapiri ganzraxva da angareba.54saqarTvelos 2000 wlis 5 maisis #292-IIs kanoni; saqarTvelos 2000 wlis 30 ivnisis #458-IIskanoni.228

mocemuli muxli saqarTvelos ssk-Si Setanili unda iqnas Semdegi redaqciiT:muxli 253. prostituciaSi Cabma1. prostituciaSi Cabma ZaladobiT, Zaladobis an qonebis ganadgurebis muqariT,SantaJiT an motyuebiT, _2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa mimarT, romlebic Camoyvanilniarian saqarTveloSi seqsualuri eqspluataciisaTvis, _isjeba jarimiT an sam wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.ssk-is 254-e muxls `prostituciisTvis adgilis an sacxovreblis gadacema~ saWiroadaematos me-2 nawili _ seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT sxva qveynismoqalaqisTvis binis mowyoba.am debulebiT dazaralebuli ar SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe. amSemTxvevaSi Trefiqingis msxverlia piri, romelic seqsualuri eqspluataciismizniT Camoiyvanes sxva qveynidan.saqarTvelos ssk-Si mocemuli muxli SeiZleba Setanili iqnas Semdegi redaqciiT:muxli 254. prostituciisaTvis binis mowyoba an Senaxva1. prostituciisaTvis binis mowyoba an Senaxva, _isjeba jarimiT an oTx wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.2. prostituciisaTvis binis mowyoba an Senaxva ukanonod sazRvargareT gayvanisada prostituciaSi Cabmis mizniT, _isjeba jarimiT an xuT wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.3. rogorc praqtika aCvenebs, Trefiqingis efeqturi prevenciisaTvis saWiroazogierTi cvlilebis Setana ssk-is XL TavSi `danaSauli mmarTvelobis wesiswinaaRmdeg~. kerZod, ssk-is 362-e muxlis (`yalbi dokumentis, beWdis, Stampis anblankis damzadeba, gasaReba an gamoyeneba~) me-2 nawils daematos punqti “g” _Trefiqingis mizniT sazRvargareT ukanono gayvana.saqarTvelos ssk-Si mocemuli muxli SeiZleba Setanili iqnas Semdegi redaqciiT:muxli 362. yalbi dokumentis, beWdis, Stampis an blankis damzadeba, gasaRebaan gamoyeneba1. yalbi piradobis mowmobis an sxva oficialuri dokumentis, beWdis, Stampis anblankis damzadeba, gasaReba an gamoyeneba, _isjeba jarimiT an eqvs Tvemde tusaRobiT.2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili:a) araerTgzis;b) ramac gamoiwvia mniSvnelovani ziani;g) sazRvargareT gayvanisa da TrefikingSi Cabmis mizniT, _isjeba sam wlamde Tavisuflebis SezRudviT an or wlamde TavisuflebisaRkveTiT.daskvna. Cveni azriT, naSromSi dasmuli sakiTxebi, sakanonmdeblo winadadebaniufro srulyofils gaxdis qarTul antiTrefiqingul kanonmdeblobas, saSualebasmiscems Sesabamis samsaxurebs, ufro efeqturad da Sedegianad ebrZolon iseTmzard transnacionalur danaSauls, rogoricaa adamianiT vaWroba.229

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danarTiTrefiqingTan brZolis 2003-2005 wlebis samoqmedo gegmaamocana strategia Semsrulebeli vada1.sakanonmdeblozomebis miReba,raTa daculiiqnesTrefiqingismsxverplTayvelazemgrZnobiare dadaucvelijgufebis _qalebis,mozardebisa dabavSvebisuflebebi dainteresebi1. ganxorcieldes saqarTveloskanonmdeblobis eqspertizaTrefiqingTan brZolissaerTaSoriso standartebTanmisi harmonizaciis mizniT.2. mxari daeWiros iusticiissaministros mier momzadebulproeqts `saqarTvelos sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsSicvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb~,romelic Trefiqingiskriminalizacias da amdanaSaulisaTvis Sesabamissanqciebs iTvaliswinebs.3. momzaddes `turizmis reestrisSesaxeb~ kanonproeqti, romelicSesaZlebels gaxdis imlicenzirebuli Tuaralicenzirebuli saagentoebisgamovlenasa da akrZalvas,romlebic dakavebuli arianseqsturizmiTa da sxvadanaSaulebrivi saqmianobiT.4. ganxiluli iqnes `reklamisSesaxeb~ kanonSi saTanadocvlilebebisa da damatebebismomzadebis sakiTxi specialurilicenziis armqone dasaqmebissaagentoebis, saerTaSorisogacnobis biuroebisa dasaSuamavlo firmebis sareklamogancxadebebis gamoqveynebisakrZalvis Sesaxeb.5. gaRrmavdes evrosabWosqveynebTan TanamSromloba kanonmdeblobisharmonizaciisa damisi aRsrulebisgasaZliereblad.saqarTvelosiusticiissaministroparlamenti,arasamTavroboorganizaciebi,qalTaganviTarebissaxelmwifopolitikisSemmuSavebelikomisiaturizmisa dakurortebissaxelmwifodepartamenti,iusticiissaministrosTanSeTanxmebiTekonomikis,mrewvelobisa davaWrobissaministro,saqarTvelosantimonopoliurisamsaxuri2003-20052003-2005200320032003-2005232

2. Trefiqingisprevencia1. moewyos sainformacio kampaniebi,raTa sazogadoebagaTviTcnobierebuli iyossituaciebis Sesaxeb, romlebmacSeiZleba Trefiqings xeli Seuwyos.am kampaniebis dros xazi gaesvasimas, rom Trefiqingi gulisxmobsara mxolod seqsualureqspluatacias, aramed nebismierisaxis iZulebas, monobas an monobismsgavs mdgomareobas.2. moewyos sainformacio kampaniebiseqsturizmis winaaRmdeg.aikrZalos samuSaos SemTavazebeliaralicenzirebuli saagentoebisada saerTaSoriso gacnobaTabiuroebis reklamebi.3. gavrceldes informaciaseqsualuri eqspluataciis drosjanmrTelobis riskTandakavSirebiT4. skolis moswavleebs miewodosinformacia seqsualurieqspluataciis, Zaladobisa daTrefiqingis Sesaxeb.5. gamkacrdes mxatvrulikoleqtivebisa da ansamblebiswevrTa ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebiskontroli aRniSnul jgufebSiSemTxveviTi pirebis moxvedrisTavidan asacileblad.6. gamocxaddes dramaturgTa dascenaristTa konkursi TrefiqingisTemisadmi miZRvnili nawarmoebebisSesaqmnelad, romelTa mixedviTSesaZlebeli iqneba aRniSnuliproblemis amsaxveli filmebisgadaReba da speqtaklebis dadgma.masobriviinformaciissaSualebebi, saxalxodamcvelis aparati,erovnuli uSiSroebissabWos aparatisadamianis uflebaTadacvis,inteleqtualuri dahumanitarulisferoebisusafrTxoebisdepartamenti,arasamTavroboorganizaciebisaqarTvelosantimonopoliurisamsaxuri, masobriviinformaciissaSualebebi, saxalxodamcvelis aparati,erovnuli uSiSroebissabWos aparatisadamianis uflebaTadacvis,inteleqtualuri dahumanitarulisferoebisusafrTxoebisdepartamenti,arasamTavroboorganizaciebiSromis,janmrTelobisa dasocialuri dacvissaministro, masobriviinformaciissaSualebebi,arasamTavroboorganizaciebiganaTlebissaministro2003-20052003-20052003-20052003-2004kulturis saministro 2003-2005kulturis saministro 2003-2005233

7. moewyos specialuritreningebi TrefiqingissakiTxebze mosamarTleebis,socialuri muSakebis,samedicino personalis,pedagogebis, diplomatebis,sakonsulos TanamSromlebis,sabaJo samsaxuris dasaxelmwifo sazRvris dacvissaxelmwifo departamentispersonalis, policielebisa daJurnalistebisaTvis.2003-20058. SemuSavdes TrefiqingisSesaxeb informaciis miwodebiseTikuri normebi.Sinagan saqmeTasaministro,prokuratura,arasamTavroboorganizaciebi2003-20053. TrefiqingismsxverplTadaxmareba1. moZiebuli iqnassaerTaSoriso daxmarebaTrefiqingis msxverplTaTvismimRebi punqtebisa daTavSesafrebis Sesaqmnelad,SemuSavdes sakanonmdeblowinadadebebi TrefiqerTaqonebis konfiskaciidanmiRebuli saxsrebiTspecialuri fondis SeqmnisSesaxeb TrefiqingismsxverplTa dasaxmareblad .arasamTavroboorganizaciebi, ossagareo saqmeTasaministro, iusticiissaministro,saqarTvelosprokuratura.2003-20052. Trefiqingis msxverplTaTvisSemuSavdes socialuri,fsiqologiuri, janmrTelobisdacvis reabilitaciisa daiuridiuli daxmarebisprogramebi.Sromis,janmrTelobisa dasocialuri dacvissaministro,arasamTavroboorganizaciebi,saxalxo damcvelisaparati2003-20053. moxdes TrefiqingismsxverplTaTvis daxmarebazemomuSave arasamTavroboorganizaciebis qselis SeqmnisxelSewyoba da mxardaWera.qalTa ganviTarebissaxelmwifo politikisSemmuSavebeli komisia,saxalxo damcvelisaparati, erovnuliuSiSroebis sabWosaparatis adamianisuflebaTa dacvis,inteleqtualuri dahumanitarulisferoebis usafrTxoebisdepartamenti2003-2005234

4. TrefiqingSidamnaSave pirTasamarTlebrividevna da maTidasja1. Seiqmnas TrefiqingTanbrZolis struqturuliqvedanayofi saqarTvelos SinagansaqmeTa saministroSi.2. moxdes TrefiqingSi damnaSavepirTa samarTlebrivi devna damaTi dasja, msxverplTa dacvissistemis SemuSaveba winaswarigamoZiebis, sasamarTlosmsvlelobisas da mis Semdeg.Sinagan saqmeTasaministroSinagan saqmeTasaministro,generaluriprokuratura,iusticiis saministro20032003-20053. Seiqmnas im fizikur daiuridiul pirTa monacemebissainformacio banki, romlebicoperatiul-samZebro moqmedebebisCatarebis, winaswari gamoZiebis,sasamarTlo ganxilvis Sedegadinterpolidan da sxvaorganizaciebidan SemosuliinformaciiT, SemCneulni arianTrefiqingSi an mis mcdelobaSi.Sinagan saqmeTasaministrosinterpoliserovnulicentraluri biuro,generaluriprokuratura2003-20055. SesrulebulimuSaobissistematurimonitoringi1. ganxorcieldes qalTadiskriminaciis aRmofxvrisSesaxeb konvenciis, bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciis,transnacionaluriorganizebuli danaSauliswinaaRmdeg gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis konvenciis,Trefiqingis winaaRmdeg oqmisada adamianis uflebaTa sxvadokumentebis moTxovnaTaSesrulebis monitoringi.qalTa ganviTarebissaxelmwifopolitikisSemmuSavebelikomisia, erovnuliuSiSroebis sabWosaparatis adamianisuflebaTa dacvis,inteleqtualuri dahumanitarulisferoebisusafrTxoebisdepartamenti2003-20052. moxdes TrefiqingisSemTxvevebis aRricxva,Trefiqingis muxliT aRZrulisaqmeebis monitoringi.Sinagan saqmeTasaministro,generaluriprokuratura,iusticiis sabWo,erovnuli uSiSroebissabWos aparatisadamianis uflebaTadacvis,inteleqtualuri dahumanitarulisferoebisusafrTxoebisdepartamenti,saxalxo damcvelisaparati,arasamTavroboorganizaciebi2003-2005235

3. Segrovdes informaciagaweuli muSaobis Sesaxeb damoxdes misi yovelwliurianalizi (aRmasrulebelixelisuflebis organoebi,romelTac evalebaT gegmisganxorcielebaSi monawileoba,qalTa ganviTarebis politikisSemmuSavebel saxelmwifokomisias warudgenen wliurangariSs gegmisgansaxorcieleblad gaweulimuSaobis Sesaxeb).qalTa ganviTarebissaxelmwifopolitikisSemmuSavebelikomisia, erovnuliuSiSroebis sabWosaparatis adamianisuflebaTa dacvis,inteleqtualuri dahumanitarulisferoebisusafrTxoebisdepartamenti2003-2005236