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enaTmecniereba, literaturaTmcodneobadamsaqmeblebis moTxovnebi enobriv konteqstSi. Sedegebis safuZvelzeki visaubreb qarTul realobaze, Tu ra moTxovnebia kadrebis mimarT dara mdgomareba gvaqvs qveyanaSi am TvalsazrisiT.vis SegviZlia vuwodoT bilingvali?adamiani,romelsac SeuZlia urTierToba or enaze. bilingvali arispirovneba, romelsac yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi uwevs ori an meti enis,an dialeqtis gamoyeneba. (Fabbro, 1999). msoflios mosaxleobis didi nawiliaris bilingvali an multilingvali. bilingvizmi warmodgeniliafaqtobrivad yvela qveyanaSi, yvela socialur klasSi da asakobrivjgufebSi. amis warmosadgenad sakmarisia is faqtic, rom msoflioSi arsebobsdaaxloebiT 200 qveyana da 6800 gansxvavebuli ena. daskvnis gamotanamartivia, mosaxleobis didi nawili aris bilingvali (rosjean,1982).ra faqtorebi iwvevs bilingvalizms?am TvalsazrisiT SegviZlia gamovyoT ramdenime aspeqti. adamianebibilingvalebi xdebian im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ori enis daufleba xdeba bav-Svobidanve paralelur reJimSi (simultaneous bilingualism), xolo meoreena Semodis pirveli enis saTanadoT dauflebis Semdeg (saccessive bilingualizm).arsebobs sxvadasxva socialuri da personaluri mizezebi imisaTvis,rompirovneba Camoyalibdes bilingvalad. mag: migracia erTiqveynidan meoreSi, garkveuli droiT sxva enobriv garemoSi cxovreba,ori qveynis sazRvarze cxovreba (meqsika-Statebi). mniSvnelovan faqtorswarmoadgens aseve iseTi mSoblebi, romlebic gasxvavebul enazesaubroben. globaluri moTxovnebis fonze pirovneba xSirad TavadiRebs gadawyvetilebas meore enis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT,radgandgeba faqtis winaSe samsaxurSi, saswavlo procesis Tu elementaruladurTierTobebis TvalsazrisiT. im SemTxvevaSi,rodesac bavSvs sxvadasxvaenebze mosaubre mSoblebi hyavs, aseTi bavSvi potenciuri bilingvaliada orive enas srulyofilad flobs. garda mSoblebisa, gavlena SeiZlebaiqonios ZiZam, bebia-babuam. meore enis Seswavla SesaZlebeliamozrdil asakSic, Tumca mravali lingvisti saubrobs imasTan dakavSirebiT,rom meore enis srulyofilad daufleba gacilebiT advilia bav-SvobaSi, vidre zrdasrul asakSi. (ennenberg, 1967).bilingvalizmi warmoadgens Tanamedrove msoflios mniSvnelovanfenomens. misi gansazRvra mravali aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs.163