Untitled

dReisaTvis saqarTvelos tyeebi mTlianad saxelmwifosakuTrebaSia. saxelmwifo tyis fondi garemos dacvisa dabunebrvi resursebis saministros gamgeblobaSia, maT Soris:satyeo departamenti marTavs tyeebis - 84%-s, daculiteritoriebis departamenti - daaxloebiT 8%-s. mcireraodenobiT tyis farTobebi, miCenis wesiT 3 gadacemuli aqvssaqarTvelos sapatriarqos. danarCeni tyeebis (daaxloebiT8%) kuTvnileba gaurkvevelia. ZiriTadad es aris e.w. yofilisakolmeurneo tyeebi, romelTa fizikurad gadacemakolmeurneobebis daSlis Semdgom periodSi satyeomeurneobis departamentis balansze ar ganxorcielebula.yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis nawils marTaven adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis organoebi an maTTan arsebuli saxelmwifoSps-ebi. 2007 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam oficialuradganacxada saxelmwifo tyis fondis garkveuli nawilisadgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis gadacemisgegmis Taobaze; Tumca, garkveul mizezTa gamo, aRniSnulidRemde ar ganxorcielebula.winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi, Tqven SegiZliaT ixiloTadgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis saxelmwifotyis fondis nawilis gadacemis xelisSemSleli faqtorebisaRwera. aseve, Cven SevecdebiT mkiTxvels davanaxoT amprocesis SesaZlo dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi daSevTavazoT is nabijebi, romlebic unda gadaidgas satyeoseqtoris decentralizaciis warmtebiT ganxorcielebisaTvis.publikaciis momzadebaSi gaweuli daxmarebisaTvismadlobas vuxdiT asociacia kivitas georgikas, saqarTvelosadgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa erovnul asociacias,bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis kavkasiis regioulwarmomadgenlobas (WWF Caucasus PO), garemos dacvisa dabunebrivi resursebis saministros satyeo departaments.3 miCenis wesiT tyeebis gadacema xdeba tyis kodeqsis mixedviT, prezidentisbrZanebulebebis safuZvelze 20 wlamde vadiT. es vada amowurvamdeSesaZlebelia gaxangrZlivdes. miCenili tyeebi saxelmwifo sakuTebaa.2

mmarTvelobis decentralizacia saqarTveloSiqveynis mmarTvelobis decentralizaciis mcdeloba saqar-TveloSi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom, damoukidebelisaqarTvelos pirveli wlebidan daiwyo. Tumca, xelisuflebiskursi araerTxel Seicvala decentralizaciidancentralizaciis mimarTulebiT da piriqiT.decentralizacia, zogadi ganmartebiT, aris garkveuliuflebamosilebebis, pasuxismgeblobisa da resursebis gadacemacentraluri xelisuflebidan demokratiulad arCeuladgilobriv xelisuflebaze. gamoyofen decentralizaciisSedgeg ZiriTad tipebs: politikur, fiskalur daadministraciul decentralizacias.politikuri decentralizacia aris adgilobriv donezewarmomadgenlobiTi organoebis arCeva da am warmomadgenlobiTiorganoebisaTvis sakuTari kompetenciis farglebSi politikurida sakanonmdeblo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis uflebis miniWeba.fiskaluri decentralizacia aris centraluri xelisuflebisagangadacemuli an sakuTari finansuri resursebiT adgilobrivixelisuflebis mier decentralizebuli funqciebisganxorcieleba.administraciuli decentralizacia aris TviTmmarTvelobisorganoebisTvis farTo uflebamosilebaTa gadacema maT Sorissaxelmwifo marTvisa da sajaro momsaxurebis sferoSi.administraciuli decentralizaciis formebia: dekoncentracia,delegireba, gadacema/devolucia.dekoncentraciis dros adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebismarTva xorcieldeba adgilebze centraluri aRmasrulebelixelisuflebis warmomadgenlobebis meSveobiT.delegireba aris centraluri xelisuflebis mier adgilobrivixelisuflebisaTvis funqciebisa da kompetenciebis gadacemamaTze kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis uflebis SenarCunebiT.gadacema/devoluciis dros gadawyvetilebebis miRebisuflebamosileba srulad gadaecema adgilobriv xelisuflebasda centraluri xelisufleba ar ereva maT ganxorcilelebaSi(e.w. eqskluziuri uflebamosilebebi).pirveli nabijebi mmarTvelobis decentralizaciisaTvisjer kidev saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSigadaidga (1990-91). SemoRebuli iqna arCeviTi TviTmmar-Tvlobis organoebi soflis, Temis, dabis, qalaqisa daraionis doneze. am arCeviT organoebs zedamxedvelobas3

uwevdnen prefeqtebi, romlebic daniSnulni iyvnen qveynisprezidentis mier. yvela aRmasrulebeli berketi prefeqtebisxelSi aRmoCda, ris gamoc arCeuli organoebis mier maTifunqciebis Sesruleba SeuZlebeli iyo. faqtiurad, es iyoara decentralizacia, aramed dekoncentracia.SeiaraRebuli gadatrialebis Sedegad prezidentgamsaxurdias xelisuflebis damxobis Semdeg, prefeqtisinstituti gauqmda. raionis xelmZRvanelis – gamgeblisxelSi aRmoCnda uzarmazari Zalaufleba, rasac xeli Seuwyoiman, rom arCeuli adgilobrivi warmomadgenlobiTiorganoebis uflebamosileba sagrZnoblad SeizRuda, xolocentraluri xelisuflebis mxridan kontroli susti iyo.1995 wels miRebul iqna saqarTvelos axali konstitucia,romliTac deklarirebul iqna adgilobriv donezeTviTmmarTvelobis damkvidreba. qveynis teritoriuliproblemebis mogvarebamde konstituciaSi Riad darCa qveynisadministraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis sakiTxi.konstituciidan gamomdinare, 1997 wels ZalaSi SevidasaqarTvelos organuli kanoni “adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisada TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”, romlis safuZvelzec 1998wels Catarda adgilobrivi arCevnebi. Camoyalibdaadgilobrivi xelisuflebis ori done: pirveli - soflebis,Temebis, dabebisa da mcire qalaqebis doneze, sadac arCeuliqna TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi; da meore done, sadac(raionebi, didi qalaqebi) TviTmmarTvelobasTan erTadarsebobdnen centraluri mmarTvelobis organoebi:gamgeblebi (raionebis administraciebis xelmZRvanelebi) daqalaqebis merebi (eqvs did qalaqSi), romlebic kvlaviniSnebodnen prezidentis mier. sxvagvarad rom iTqvas, 1997wlis 16 oqtombris organuli kanonis `adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~ mixedviT,adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba xorcieldeboda sofelSi,dabaSi, TemSi da qalaqSi, xolo raioni centralurixelisuflebis dekoncentrirebul rgols warmoadgenda.1999 wels saqarTvelo gaxda evropis sabWos wevri, riTacqveyanam gamoxata mzadyofna moexdina xelisuflebisdecentralizacia da aiRo valdebuleba sami wlis vadaSimoexdina am kuTxiT kanonmdeblobis harmonizacia.2001 wels organul kanonSi Sevida mniSvnelovanicvlilebebi. qalaqebi, dabebi da soflebi, romelTamosaxleoba aRemateboda 5000-s pirdapir irCevdnengamgeblebsa da merebs. gamonakliss Seadgenda mxolod foTida Tbilisi, sadac merebi prezidentis mier iniSebodnen.4

soflis sakrebuloebi gauqmda da maT nacvlad SeiqmnasakrebuloTa asociaciebi. raionebis sakrebuloebi SedgebodaraionSi Semavali municipalitetebis sakrebuloebisTavmjdomareebisgan. raionebis gamgeblebi kvlav prezidentismier iniSnebodnen, magram sakrebulos wevrTaSemadgenlobidan. faqtiurad, moxda adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis Canacvleba adgilobrivi mmarTvelobiT.2004 wels naTeli gaxda, rom TviTmmarTvelobis sistema RrmakrizisSia da saWiroebs reformirebas.2004 wels moxda “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisSesaxeb” evropuli qartiis ratificireba. amas mohyva axalisakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmna, romelic moicavs saqarTvelosorganul kanons “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”(2005), aseve kanons “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulisbiujetis Sesaxeb” (2006, amoqmedda 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan)“adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb 4 ”(2005) da a.S.axali organuli kanonis miRebiT damTavrdammarTvelobidan TviTmmarTvelobaze gadasvlis gardamavaliperiodi. adgilobrivi mmarTveloba, romelic warmoadgendagardamaval safexurs TviTmmarTvelobasa da saxelmwifommarTvelobas Soris, Seicvala TviTmmarTvelobiT. amorganuli kanonis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi adgilobriviTviTmmarTveloba erTdoniania. saerTod gauqmda qveda done(sofeli, Temi, daba, qalaqi) da erTaderT (rogorcTviTmmarTvel, ise teritoriul) erTeulad yofiliraionebis farglebSi formirebuli municipalitetigamocxadda.adgilobriv TviTmmarTvel erTeuls warmoadgensdasaxleba (5 TviTmmarTveli qalaqi – Tbilisi, baTumi,foTi, rusTavi, quTaisi) da dasaxlebaTa erToblioba(municipaliteti), romelic gulisxmobs yofili raionisteritorias. amrigad, daarsda 69 adgilobriviTviTmmarTveloba (64 raionsa da 5 did qalaqSi). winaTarsebuli TviTmmarTveli erTeulebi teritoriuli organosstatusiT gaerTiandnen raionebis municipalitetebSi.moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisorganoebia: TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organo(sakrebulo) da TviTmmarTvelobis aRmasrulebeli organo(municipalitetSi - gamgeoba, TviTmmarTvel qalaqSi – meria).4 es kanoni ar Seexeba miwisa da bunebriv resursebs, es sferoebi sxvaspeciluri kanonmdeblobiT unda daregulirdes.5

sakrebulo Sedgeba 4 wlis vadiT arCeuli wevrebisgan.municipalitetis sakrebulo Sedgeba SesabamismunicipalitetSi Semavali teritoriuli erTeulidanmaJoritaruli wesiT arCeuli TiTo wevrisa damunicipalitetis mTel teritoriaze proporciuli sistemiTarCeuli 10 wevrisgan. amrigad, municipalitetiswarmomadgenlobiT organoSi – sakrebuloSi, maJoritaruliwesiT arCeuli TiTo warmomadgeneli hyavs arCevnebamdearsebul damoukideblad moqmed TiToeul sofels, dabas,Temsa da qalaqs. sakrebulos Tavmjdomares TavisiSemadgenlobidan, sakrebulos uflebamosilebis vadiT, irCevssakrebulo. sakrebulos wevrebi SeiZleba gawevriandnensakrebulos fraqciaSi. sakrebulos wevrs SeuZliagawevriandes mxolod erT fraqciaSi. fraqcia SesaZlebeliaSeiqmnas partiul da ara partiul safuZvelze; magramdauSvebelia fraqciaSi gaerTianeba erovnuli, teritoriulian sxva kerZo (religiuri, profesiuli da a.S.) niSniT.sakrebulos hyavs biuro, romelic Sedgeba sakrebulosTavmjdomaris, sakrebulos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis,sakrebulos komisiebisa da fraqciebis Tavmjdomareebisgan.sakrebuloSi iqmneba komisiebi, romelTa saSualebiTacsakrebulo kontrols uwevs gamgeobis/meriis da misistruqturuli erTeulebis saqmianobas, gadawvetilebebisSesrulebasa da aseve, axdens sakrebuloSi gansaxilvelisakiTxebis momzadebas. komisiis Tavmjdomares irCevssakrebulo. sakrebulos komisiaSi, garda sakrebuloswevrebisa, SesaZlebelia droebiT an komisiis samoqmedo vadiTmowveuli iqnen sxva pirebic, anazRaurebiT an anazRaurebisgareSe.sxvadasxva sakiTxis Seswavlis mizniT, sakrebulos SeuZliaSeqmnas droebiTi samuSao jgufebi. sakrebulo Tavad irCevsamgvari jgufis wevrebsa da Tavmjdomares uflebamosilebisvadiT, romelic 3 Tves ar unda aRematebodes.adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis aRmasrulebeli organosxelmZRvanelis - meris/gamgebelis SerCeva xdeba konkursiswesiT da mtkicdeba sakrebulos mier. gamgebeli/meriangariSvaldebuli da pasuxismgebelia sakrebulos winaSe.konkurss atarebs sakrebulos biuro, romelic gamgebliskandidatebs asarCevad warudgens sakrebulos. sakrebuloTavisi uflebamosilebis vadiT, siiTi SemadgenlobisumravlesobiT amtkicebs gamgebels/mers. gamgebeli/meri -aris adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sajaro moxele.6

gamgebeli/meri 1 wlis vadiT niSnavs gamgeobis/meriisteritoriuli organos xelmZRvanels – rwmunebuls(konkursis wesiT).“adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelosorganuli kanoniT ganisazRvra TviTmmarTveli erTeulisuflebamosilebaTa saxeebi: eqskluziuri, delegirebuli danebayoflobiTi. adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis resursebismarTva swored TviTmmarTveli erTeulis eqskluziuriuflebamosilebaa (muxli 16, “z” qvepunqti). amave kanonis 47-emuxlis “d” qvepunqtiT, TviTmmarTveli erTeulisteritoriaze arsebuli adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tye daadgilobrivi mniSvnelobis wylis resursebi gamocxadebuliaTviTmmarTveli erTeulis sakuTrebad.saxelmwifos uSualo valdebulebaa Tvali adevnos, romTviTmmarTvelobam zustad Seasrulos kanoniT dakisrebulivaldebulbebi da ar gadaaWarbos sakuTar uflebamosilebas.am mizniT Seiqmna kanoni `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisorganoebis saqmianobis saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis Sesaxeb“.am kanoniT, saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis saxeebia:samarTlebrivi zedamxedveloba da delegirebuliuflebamosilebebis ganxorcielebis zedamxedveloba.zedamxedvelobis mizania TviTmmarTvelobebis saqmianobiskanonierebisa da mizanSewonilobis uzrunvelyofa.adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartia (muxli8, paragrafi 2) Semdegnairad gansazRvravs administraciulzedamxedvelobas: `nebismieri administraciuli kontroliadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis saqmianobaze,rogorc wesi, gamiznuli unda iyos mxolod kanonierebisa dakonstituciuri principebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. Tumcaadministraciuli kontroli SeiZleba aseve moicavdesxelisuflebis zemdgomi organoebis kontrols adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis organoebis mier maTze delegirebuliamocanebis Sesabamis ganxorcielebaze~.zedamxedvelobas axorcieleben saxelmwifo rwmunebulebi– gubernatorebi. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelosmTavrobis dadgenilebiT, zedamxedveloba SeiZleba daekisrossxva organosa da Tanamdebobis pirsac.7

TviTmmrTvelobis reformis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebiadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arsebul sistemas gaaCniarogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxareebi.dadebiTi:• saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobiskompetenciebis SedarebiT naTeli gamijvna;• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis administraciuli xarjebisSemcireba da racionalizacia;• erTiani municipaluri politikis gatareba TviTmmarTvelerTeulSi gaerTianebul yvela Sida-administraciulerTeulSi;• TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis kuTvnili ZiriTadi qonebisgadacemisa da inventarizaciis procesis dawyeba;• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis biujetebis kanonis miReba,gamoTanabrebiTi transferis formulis SemuSaveba;uaryofiTi:• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebze saxelmwifozegavlenis gaZliereba 5 ;• gamsxvilebis Sedegad TviTmmarTvelobis daSorebamosaxleobasTan (gansakuTrebiT mravalricxovan mciredasaxlebebSi);• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis mierganxorielebuli calkeuli saxis momsaxurebis araTanabarixelmisawvdomoba TviTmmarTvel erTeulSi gaerTianebulisxvadasxva dasaxlebaSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobisaTvis;• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTiorganoebis zedmeti politizacia;• mTeli rigi Semosavlebis wyaroTa centralizacia, ramacSeamcira TviTmmarTvelobaTa Semosavlebi.5Tavad TviTmmarTvelobebic ki skeptikurad uyureben centralurxelisuflebaze realuri zegavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas. Tumca,calkeul SemTxvevebSi TviTmmarTvelobebSi gamoixata sakuTariinteresebis dacvis tendencia da saxelmwifos winaSe sakuTari interesebislobirebis mcdeloba, rac udavod dadebiT movlenad unda CaiTvalos. amisnaTeli magaliTi iyo winaaRmdegoba tyeebis naCqarevi gadacemasTandakavSirebiT.8

satyeo seqtoris decentralizaciasaqarTvelos gasabWoebamde tye ekuTvnoda saxelmwifos,kerZo mflobelebs, eklesiebs, soflebs da Temebs (anuojaxebsa da gvarebs); mTian regionebSi, garkveulwilad, estradiciebi isev SemorCenilia.1921 wels ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiisa da sabWoTareJimis damyarebis Semdeg tye gamocxadda saxelmwifo(mogvianebiT saerTo-saxalxo) sakuTrebad. tyeebi daiyo orjgufad: saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis tyeebi (romelSic Sediodasaxelmwifo satyeo meurneobis tyeebi, qalaqis tyeebi,sxvadasxva organizaciaze miCenili tyeebi da nakrZalebi) dasakolmeurneo tyeebi (sabWoTa meurneobebisa dakolmeunreobebis kuTvnili tyeebi).sakolmeurneo tyeebSi tyiTsargeblobas axorcielebdnenkolmeurneobebi da maTi wevrebi – kolmeurneebi.sazogadoebrivi saWiroebebisaTvis tyiTsargeblobis warmoebaiyo ufaso, xolo kolmeurneobis wevrebi tyiTsargeblobasaxorcielebdnen SeRavaTiani pirobebiT an ufasod.sakolmeurneo tyeebSi merqansa da sxva produqciazekolmeurneobaTa saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis Semdegkolmeurneobas SeeZlo tyiTsargeblobis ufleba mieca sxvatyiTmosargebleebisaTvis. damzadebuli produqciisaTvis maTTanxa unda gadaexadaT saxelmwifo tyeebisaTvis dadgenilinixrebis mixedviT. kanonis mixedviT, miRebuli Tanxebi undamoxmareboda satyeo meurneobis gaZRolas. kolmeurneobiswevrTa/rwmunebulTa krebis TanxmobiT SesaZlebeli iyosakolmeurneo tyis nawilis, an mTlianad saxelmwifosaTvisgadacema.rogorc vxedavT, aseTi sistema formalurad Seicavdasocialuri samarTlianobis elementebs da adgilobrivimosaxleobisaTvis tyis resursebis xelmisawvdomobasuzrunvelyofda; magram meores mxriv, es sistema nayofierniadags qmnida korufciisaTvis. Zlieri kontrolismeqanizmebisa da sazogadoebis mxridan monitoringis gareSefaqtiurad SeuZlebelia daadgino SeRavaTian fasSi (anufasod) moWrili xe marTlac kolmeurnem gamoiyena, TugareSe pirma - e.w. “sxva tyiTmosargeblem”.sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas kolmeurneobebis daSlac mohyva.im wlebSi, kolmeurneobebis qoneba, maTi wevrTa krebebisgadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, gadaecemoda saxelmwifos. asevemoxda formalurad tyeebis erTi nawilis gadacemac, Tumcarealurad gadabareba (miReba-Cabareba) ar momxdara. zog9

adgilebSi ki aseTi formaluri gadacemac ki arganxorcielebula. upatronod darCenili yofilisakolmeurneo tyeebi, umowyalod nadgurdeboda, rasacqveyanaSi Seqnili samoqalaqo omiT gamowveuli ganukiTxaobada socialur-ekonomikuri krizisi uwyobda xels.1995 wlis 7 marts saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRodadgenileba 6 , romliTac ganisazRvra, rom saqarTvelostyeebSi Seqmnili umZimesi viTarebis gamosasworeblad saWiroiyo erTiani saxelmwifo satyeo samsaxuris Camoyalibeba,risTvisac yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebi, aseve, mis movlapatronobasTndakavSirebuli infrastruqtura, ori TvisvadaSi unda gadascemoda respublikis satyeo meurneobisdepartaments.cxadia, rom am dadgenilebis srulad Sesruleba vermoxerxda da tyeebis nawilis gadacema ar ganxorcielda.1999 wels miRebuli iqna axali tyis kodeqsi, romlisTanaxmad, saxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondi moicavsadgilobriv tyis fondsac, romelsac marTaven adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoebi Sesabamisisamsaxurebis meSveobiT. amave kodeqsis mixedviT, undaSemuSavebuliyo saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba“adgilobrivi tyis fondis marTvis sferoSi adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoebisuflebamosilebis, saxelmwifo tyis fondisgan adgilobrivityis fondis gamijvnis wesis Sesaxeb”.rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am periodisaTvis ar iyosrulad ganxorcielebuli yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebissaxelmwifoze gadacema. amis gamo, kodeqsis Tanaxmad, aseveunda SemuSavebuliyo prezidentis sxva brZanebuleba,romliTac moxdeboda yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebisa dasabWoTa meurneobebis gamgeblobaSi arsebuli tyis fondismiwebis satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo organoebisaTvisgadacema.kuriozuli mdgomareoba fiqsirdeboda – erTi da imavekanonis mixedviT, erTi da igive tyis farTobebi jer gadaecemodasatyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo organoebs, Semdeg ki maTCamoerTmeodaT da ukan gadaecemodaT adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoebs.6 saqarTvelos parlamentis 1995 wlis 7 martis # 671-11s dadgenileba“saqarTvelos respublikis sakolmeurnebaTSoriso da municipalurityeebis Sesaxeb”;10

marTlac, am kodeqsis mixedviT, gamoica saqarTvelosprezidentis 2000 wlis 12 seqtembris #404-e brZanebuleba“yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebisgamgeblobaSi arsebuli tyis fondis miwebis satyeomeurneobis saxelmwifo organoebisaTvis gadacemis wesis davadebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze”. paradoqsia,magram am debulebis Tanaxmad, adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoebi atarebengarkveul organizaciul samuSaoebs imisaTvis, rom yofilisakolmeurneo tyeebi gadascemoda saxelmwifo organoebs 7 .amrigad, postsabWoTa periodSi yofili sakolmeurneokategoriis tyeebi faqtobrivad moeqca erTze meti patronisxelSi, anu darCa upatronod da wlebis ganmavlobaSi Zlierdegradirda. umetes nawilebSi merqnuli maragebi mTlianadganadgurda da mxolod buCqnaria SemorCnili. zog adgilas kitye pirwmindad gaiCexa da yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebisfarTobebi mosaxleobis mier gamoiyeneba sasoflo-sameurneosavargulebad: saxnav-saTesad, saZovrad, saTibad. yofilisakolmeurneo tyeebidan daaxloebiT 170 aTasi heqtaridRemde ar Sedis satyeo departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi.bunebrivi resursebis marTvis efeqturi decentralizaciisaucilebeli winapirobebimsoflios mraval qveyanaSi, bunebriv resursebzeadgilobrivi mosaxleobis xelmisawvdomobisaTvis Tanabarida samarTliani pirobebis Seqmnis mizniT, sul ufroxSirad iyeneben TanamonawileobiTi da decentralizebulimarTvis sistemas. amavdroulad, decetralizaciisganxorcieleba axal SesaZleblobebs iZleva tyisresursebis mdgradi gamoyenebisa da biomrvalferovnebisSenarCunebisaTvis. amaSi igulisxmeba, centralurixelisuflebis mier adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisaTvisrogorc Zalauflebis, ise pasuxismgeblobebis ganawileba.tyis mdgradi marTvis xarisxs ganapirobebs erovnulpolitikasa da kanonmdeblobaSi tyeebTan dakavSirebuliekologiuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri interesebis7 am debulebiT gansazRvrulia, rom gadasacemi tyis fondis (anu yofilisakolmeurneo tyeebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis gamgeblobaSi arsebulityis fondis) miwebis gamijvna xdeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sameurneotyis fondis sazRvrebis dadgenis Sesaxeb 12.09.2000. #403 prezidentisbrZanebulebiT dadgenili wesiT, romelic tyis kodeqss ar Seesabameba.11

harmoniuli SeTavseba. aseve mniSvnelovania satyeosameurneo,ekonomikuri da politikuri pirobebisgaTvaliswineba adgilobriv doneze.adgilobriv doneze arsebuli ZiriTadi dainteresebulimxareebi – adgilobrivi xelisufleba, arasamTavroboorganizaciebi, adgilobrivi Temebi da satyeo mrewvelobiswarmomadgenlebi ufro axlos arian tyeebTan da maTTandakavSirebul problemebTan, vidre centralurixelisuflebis warmodgenlebi, romlebic qmnian politikasda kanonmdeblobas erovnul doneze. adgilobrivixelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi uSualo da pirdapirSexebaSi arian maTTan, vinc cxovrobs tyeebTan, muSaobs andamokidebulia tyidan miRebul Semosavlebze.bunebrivi resursebis marTvis decentralizaciamSeiZleba moitanos rogorc dadebiTi Sedegebi (garemosSenarCunebisa da socialuri samarTlianobis kuTxiT), iseuaryofiTic (korufciis donis gazrda da bunebriviresursebis zeWarbi aTviseba). orive mimarTulebiTarsebobs uamravi magaliTi msoflioSi. yvelaferidamokidebulia Semdeg garemoebebze:• ramdenad sakmarisi uflebebi gadaecema realuradadgilobriv xelisuflebas;• ramdenad samarTliani da adekvaturia centralurixelisuflebasa da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobsSoris uflebamosilebaTa gamijvna;• ramdenad efeqturi da samarTliania adgilobrivTviTmmarTvelobebze saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobissistema;• ramdenad demokratiulia adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis sistema, arCevis wesis CaTvliT;• ramdenad arsebobs adgilobrivi xelisuflebisxalxis winaSe anariSvaldebulebis qmediTi sistemada a.S.bunebrivi resursebis marTvis decentralizaciis procesiswarmatebulad ganxorcielebisaTvis, eqspertebigvTavazoben Semdeg rekomendaciebs 8 :8 “bunebrivi resursebis demokratiuli decentalizacia”, msoflioresursebis instituti, J.C. Ribot, 200212

1. upirvelesi prioriteti aris muSaoba adgilobrivdemokratiul institutebTan;2. Sesabamisi da sakmarisi Zalauflebis gadacema;3. gadacemuli valdebulebebis uzrunvelyofa SesabamisiuflebamosilebebiT;4. Tanasworobisa da samarTlianobis xelSewyoba;5. garemosdacviTi standartebis aucilebeli minimumisdaweseba;6. samarTliani da xelmisawvdomi marTlmsajulebissistemis daweseba;7. adgilebze samoqalaqo ganaTlebis xelSewyoba;8. decentralizaciis Sedegebis droSi gamocda;9. dezentralizaciis procesisa da misi Sedegebismonitoringisa da SefasebisaTvis indikatoebisSemuSaveba.dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos tyeebi mTlianadsaxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. kanonmdebloba uSvebs, rom maTigarkveuli nawili marTuli iyos adgilobrivi TviTmmar-Tvelobis organoebis mier. kerZod, saqarTvelos tyiskodeqsi gansazRvravs, rom saqarTvelos sameurneo tyisfondSi SeiZleba arsebobdes adgilobrivi tyis fondi,romelsac marTaven adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisorganoebi Sesabamisi samsaxurebis meSveobiT. kodeqsi asevegansazRvravs adgilobrivi organoebis kompetenciasadgilobrivi tyis fondis marTvis sferoSi.rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisSesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonismixedviT, TviTmmarTveli erTeuli uflebamosilia eqskluziuradmarTos adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis resursebi.miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs amgvari sakanonmdeblowanamZRvrebi, xolo tyis kodeqsis miRebidan 9 weli gavida,satyeo seqtoris decentralizaciis kuTxiT praqtikuliRonisZiebebi dRemde ar gatarebula. mTavari xelisSemSlelifaqtori politikuri nebis ararseboba iyo.adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebis gamoyofisa da TviTmmarTvelerTeulebze gadacemis politikuri neba saqarTvelosmTavrobam 2007 wels gamoxata. gakeTda ramdenimepolitikuri gancxadeba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebzetyeebis gadacemis gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb.13

wina wlebis “gamocdilebidan” gamomdinare, rodesacmouxdaT gzadagza araerTi Sesworebis Setana kanonmdeblobaSi,2007 wlis dasawyisSi garemos dacvisa da bunebriviresursebis saministrom miiCnia, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleobismerqnuli resursebiT momarageba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobissazrunavi gamxdariyo. aseve imedi hqondaT,rom tyeebis umetes nawils mokle xanSi gadascemdnen kerZomesakuTreebs sargeblobisaTvis, rac maT aacilebdaT tyeebismovlis, dacvisa da aRricxvis Catarebis pasuxismgeblobas daes investorebis valdebuleba iqneboda. saministrosdarCeboda mxolod licenzirebisa da kontrolis funqcia(miuxedavad tyis mmarTveli subieqtisa). am funqciebzemosargebad daiwyo satyeo meurneobis departamentisreorganizacia da struqturuli reforma. garda imisa, romreforma movlenebis winmswrebi wesiT daiwyo, mas tradiciuladar uZRvoda win raime strategiuli Sefaseba.mxolod amis Semdeg SemuSavda “saqarTvelos satyeo politikis”dokumenti, romelSic asaxulia adgilobrivi mniSvnelobistyeebis gamoyofisa da adgilobriv TviTmmar-Tvelobebze gadacemis saWiroeba.mTavrobis mxridan adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebisgamoyofisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvismaTi gadacemisaTvis sxva praqtikuli nabijebicgadaidga. 2007 wlis 23 maiss saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo#105-e dadgenileba “adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyisgansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb”. am dadgenilebaSi aRiniSna, romgaremos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros 2007wlis 30 oqtombramde unda uzrunveleyo adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis gadacemuli adgilobrivi mniSvnelobistyis fondis teritoriaze tyekafebis gamoyofissamuSaoTa ganxorcieleba. anu igulisxmeboda, rom amperiodisaTvis gadacemis procesi dasrulebuli undayofiliyo 9 .9adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvis gadasacemadganisazRvra daaxloebiT 800000 ha tyis farTobi, romelic Sedgeba yofilisakolmeurneo tyeebisgan (daaxloebiT 500.000 ha) da maTi mimdebaresaxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondis teritoriebisgan.14

problemebi, romelmac xeli SeuSala adgilobrivTviTmmarTvelobebze tyeebis gadacemas pirvel etapzemTavrobis gadawyvetileba TviTmmarTvelobebisa dasaxelmwifo rwunebulebisTvisac ki sakmaod moulodneliaRmoCnda. faqtobrivi mdgomareoba iyo aseTi:• yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis umetesi nawilidegradirebulia;• ukanono Wrebis faqtebi ar aris aRricxuli;• gadasacemad gansazRvrul tyeebSi inventarizacia(tyeTmowyoba) ar aris Catarebuli, anu ar arisSefasebuli ra merqnuli maragebi arsebobsxangrZlivvadian perspeqtivaSi da ara erTjeradad;• ar arsebobs materialuri da teqnikuri bazaadgilobriv doneze satyeo meurneobis sawarmoeblad.gaurkveveeli iyo, visi dafinansebiT Catardeboda tyeebismiReba-Cabarebis procesi, saxelmwifos Tu TviTmmar-Tvelobis. am procesis forma da procedura ar iyo dadgenili.praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iyo am pirobebSi da aseTmokle periodSi miReba-Cabarebis ganxorcieleba. mZime foniSeqmna im garemoebam, rom bolo periodSi satyeo meurneobisbevri yofili TanamSromeli mieca sisxlis samarTlispasuxisgebaSi samsaxureobrvi danaSaulis gamo. rogorc erTerTmarwmunebulma aRniSna, aseT pirobebSi tyeebisgadmobarebis SemTxvevaSi TveSi TiTo gamgeblis daWeramouxdebodaT, vinaidan SeuZlebeli iqneboda dadgena,ukanono Wra romeli mflobelis dros ganxorcielda.TviTmmarTvelobebs ar gaaCndaT tyis marTvis sferoSicodnisa da gamocdilebis mqone sakmarisi adamianuri resursi.xSir SemTxvevebSi TviTmmarTvelobebis warmomadgenlebierTmaneTSi urevdnen inventarizaciis (tyeTmowyobis) damiReba-Cabarebis cnebas.aseve gasaTvaliswinebeli iyo finansuri momenti. uxeSigaTvlebiT, tyis marTvis adgilobrivi samsaxurebis Camoyalibebisada funqcionirebisaTvis regionis masStabiT saSualod200 000 lari iyo saWiro weliwadSi. Sua welSi, rodesacraionuli biujetebi ukve gawerili iyo, aseTi TanxisdamatebiT moZieba TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis SeuZlebeli iyo.yovelive zemoxsenebulis gamo, TviTmmarTvelobebma uariganacxades aeRoT aseTi pasuxismgebloba da gadmoebarebinaTsaxelmwifo tyis fondis nawili. maT moaxerxes am sakiTxSisakuTari interesebis dacva prezidentis rwmuneblebisgubernatorebismeSveobiT, ris gamoc procesi naCqarevad15

aRar gagrZelda. es iyo erT-erTi kargi magaliTi imisa, Turogor unda moaxdinon sakuTari interesebis lobirebamunicipalitetebma.ra problemebi gaRrmavda gadacemis dagvianebis SedegadmTavrobis survili, rom 2007 wlis Semodgomaze ganxorcielebuliyoadgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebis gamoyofa damaTi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis gadacema,Seferxda procesis araswori dagegmvis gamo. amasTandakavSirebulma prolemebma Semodgomazeve iCines Tavi.oqtombris bolos, rodesac ukve Semodgomis wvimebissezoni idga da maRal mTaSi CamoTova kidec, adgilobrivimosaxleobis mxolod 10%-s hqonda SeSa zamTrisTvismomaragebuli raWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTis regionSi. noembrismeore dekadis bolos SeSa momaragebuli hqonda mosaxleobismxolod naxevars. aseTive mdgomareoba iyo mTelssaqarTveloSi.Seqmnili mdgomareobidan swrafi gamosavlis mosaZebnadprezidentis iniciativiT gadawyda mTeli saqarTvelosmosaxleobisaTvis SeSis vauCerebis darigeba. vauCerigulisxmobda TiToeuli ojaxisaTvis 5 kuburi metri SeSisbunebrivi resursis mosakreblisgan (10-15 laris) gaTavisuflebas.aseve moixsna damzadebuli xe-tyis tyidan transportirebazedawesebuli 24-saaTiani SezRudva. Tumca, vauCerisgamoyeneba mimdinare wels bevrma ver SesZlo 10 transportirebisada merqnis damzadebis siZvirisa da uamindobis gamo.Sedegad, merqnis mopoveba xdeboda iseT adgilebSi, sadactyekafebi an ar iyo gamoyofili, an gamoiyo Wris wesebisdarRveviT, advilad misadgom adgilebze. yovelive amanekologiuri mdgomareobis gauareseba gamoiwvia.bolo dros gatarebuli cvlilebebi 11miRebis dRidan, 2005 wlis 11 agvistodan, mTavrobis 132–edadgenilebaSi “tyiT sargeblobis licenziebis gacemis wesisada pirobebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze” SevidaaraerTi cvlileba. dReisaTvis adgilobrivi mosaxleo-10 vauCeris moqmdebis vada aris 2012 wlamde11 saqarTvelos mTavrobis 15.05.2008 #129 dadgenileba16

isaTvis legalurad SesaZlebeli gaxda saSeSesTan erTadpiradi moxmarebis miznT samasale merqnis mopoveba. kerZod,xe-tyis damzadebis licenziis mflobelebs daevalaTmopovebuli samasale merqnis 15% gadascen prezidentisrwmunebulebs – gubernatorebs, dazaralebuli mosaxleobisuzrunvelsayofad. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia erT komlzemoxdes araumetes 5 kuburi metri zezemdgomi xe-tyisdamagreba samasale merqnis misaRebad. garkveuli uflebebisgadacema moxda adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebzec,romlebic martivi administraciuli wesiT iRebengadawyvetilebas sakuTari kompetenciis farglebSi merqnisgacemis Sesaxeb. anu moxda garkveuli uflebebisdekoncentracia.ra sWirdeba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebs?rodesac saubaria adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvistyis fondis nawilis gadacemis mizanze, ZiriTadad mxedvelobaSiaqvT soflis mosaxleobis SeSiT (an ukeTes SemTxvevaSisamasale merqniTac) momarageba. Tumca, adgilobrivityis fondi sxva problemebis mogvarebisTvisac aris saWiro.albaT, upirveles yovlisa, unda daisvas kiTxvebi:• raSi SeiZleba gamoiyenon TviTmmarTvelobebmaadgilobrivi tyis fondi?• ra warmoadgens am gadacemis mizans?mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT, rom TviTmmarTvelobebi ararian erTgvarovani warmonaqmnebi. jer erTi, TviTmmarTvelobebswarmoadgenen didi qalaqebic. maT administraciulsazRvrebsa da midamoebSic aris saxelmwifo tyis farTobebida maTac aqvT garkveuli moTxovnebi am farTobebTandakavSirebiT, romelTagan merqniTi resusebis miReba ar arispirveli rigis saWiroeba. meorec, saqarTvelos kuTxeebigansxvavdebian tradiciebiT, maT Soris tyeebTandakavSirebuli tradiciebiT. zogierT mTian kuTxeSi dRemdeicaven ama Tu im gvaris Tu Temis sakuTrebis uflebas tyeze.tyis yovel monakveTs odiTganve miniWebuli aqvs gvaris TuTemis saxeli da aravin moWris xes sxvis saxeldebul tyeSi.winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es saqcieli seriozulidapirispirebis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes.dRemde aris SemorCenili e.w. “xatis tyeebi”. “xatistyeebi” warmoadgenen Tavisebur dacul ubnebs, nakrZalebs,sadac aravin ar Sedis, xis moWraze an sxva rame saxistyiTsargeblobze saerTod laparakic warmoudgenelia. es ar17

aris saeklesio tyeebi, anu tyeebi, romlebic gasabWoebamdeiyo eklesiis sakuTrebaSi, aramed aris tye, romelic ufrosxvadasxva Temis (xevsurebis, fSavebis, gudamayrelebis) adaTwesebsukavSirdeba.TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis upiratesoba is aris, romSesaZlebelia sxvadasxvagvari midgomis gamoyeneba konkretulTviTmmarTvelobaSi gaerTianebuli dasaxlebebis tradiciebisgaTvaliswinebiT. maT SeuZliaT damoukideblad gansazRvron,Tu rogor unda marTon tyeebi da satyeo miwebi miznobriviTvalsazrisiT.q. Tbilisis sazRvrebSi da mimdebare teritoriazearsebuli saxelmwifo tyisa da saxelmwifo tyis miwebTandakavSirebuli urTierTobebi wesrigdeba specialuri kanoniT(saqarTvelos kanoni “qalaq Tbilisis sazRvrebSi damimdebare teritoriaze arsebuli mwvane nargavebisa dasaxelmwifo tyis fondis gansakuTrebuli dacvis Sesaxeb”). amkanonis mixedviT, q. Tbilisis sazRvrebSi da mimdebareteritoriaze arsebuli saxelmwifo tyisa da saxelmwifo tyismiwebze aikrZala yovelgvari mSenebloba, miCenis wesiT anspecialuri sargebloba da a.S. es kanoni miRebulia 2000 welsim mizniT, rom SeCerebuliyo 90-iani wlebis miwurulsarsebuli saSiSi tendencia, rodesac praqtikuladukontrolod, meriis nebarTviT, Tbilisis gamwvanebuliadgilebis umetesobas samSeneblo moednebad gadaqcevissaSiSroeba daemuqra. skverebsa da parkebSi sokoebiviTmravldeboda benzin-gasamarTi sadgurebi, restornebi, kerZosaxlebi. magram am kanonma moitana meore ukiduresoba.SeuZlebeli gaxda iseTi mSeneblobebis ganxorcielebac,romlebic sazogadoebriv an saxelmwifo interesswarmoadgednen. magaliTad, avWalis mosaxleobas surda maTubanSi aSenebuliyo eklesia. teritoria, sadac SesaZlebeliiyo amgvari mSeneblobis ganxorcieleba, Sedioda saxelmwifotyis fondSi. amis gamo, saWiro iyo parlamentisgadawyvetilebiT zemoxsenebuli kanonis Secvla. anu,mosaxleobisaTvis problemis mogvareba araTu TviTmmarTvelobisorganos, aramed im saxelmwifodawesebulebasac ar SeeZlo, romlis balanszec iricxeboda estyis fondi (satyeo meurneobis departamenti). mogvianebiT,dRis wesrigSi dadga samSeneblo seqtorSi investiciebisganxorcielebis mizniT Tbilisis gareubanSi garkveuliteritoriis privatizebis sakiTxi (lisis tbis mimdebareteritoria, satyeo miwebi). amisaTvis parlamentmazemoxsenebul kanonSi specialurad Seitana cvlileba, riTac18

daSvebul iqna sakurorto-rekreaciuli infrastruqturisganviTarebis mizniT saxelmwifo tyis fondiT sargebloba.amrigad, Tu am SemTxvevebis konteqstSi gavixsenebT zemoTdasmul or kiTxvas, miviReT Semdeg pasuxebs:• TviTmmarTvelobebs adgilobrivi tyis fondisWirdebaT sazogadoebrivi interesebidan gamomdinaremSeneblobebis (religiuri, sarekreacio miznebiT) gansaxorcieleblad;• adgilobrivi tyis fondis gankargvis mizans warmoadgenssazogadoebis moTxovnis, TviTmmarTvelobis teritoriazemcxovrebi mosaxleobis interesebis dakmayofileba(pirvel SemTxvevaSi) da investiciebis gziT SemosavlebismiReba (meore SemTxvevaSi).orive SemTxvevaSi upriani iqneboda, rom municipalitetisteritoriaze arsebuli tyis fondi missave sakuTrebaSiyofiliyo da municipalitetis warmomadgenlobiT organosmieRo gadawyvetileba miznobrivi TvalsazrisiT misiSemdgomi gankargvis Sesaxeb.momavalSi, adgilobrivi tyis fondis gayofisa da TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvisgadacemis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuliunda iqnes ara mxolod yofili sakolmurneo da maTmimdebare tyeebis, aramed TviTmmarTveli qalaqebisa damunicipaluri centrebis (patara qalaqebi, dabebi) mimdebaresaxelmwifo tyis fondis gadacemac, romelic marTuli iqnebaTviTmmarTvelobebis SexedulebiT, sazogadoebrivisaWiroebidan gamomdinare, qveyanaSi arsebulityiTsargeblobis wesebis dacviT. Tu TviTmmarTvelobaCaTvlis, rom mosaxleobis interesia eklesiis aSeneba, is sxvauwyebebis ukiTxavad gamoyofs amisaTvis teritorias, gascemsnebarTvas eklesiis mSeneblobaze (SesaZloa TviTonac aaSenos)da gadascems sapatriarqos. Tu investors unda, rommunicipalitetis teritoriaze arsebul tyis fondis miwazewamoiwyos infrastruqturis mSeneloba, maSin mas mouxdeba ammunicipalitetis mosaxleobis da misi warmomadgenlobiTiorganos darwmuneba, rom gamoyon teritoria am proeqtisgansaxorcieleblad da ar iqneba damokidebuli parlamentisgadawyvetilebaze. amavdroulad, uciloblad undasruldebodes tyiTsargeblobis kanonmdeblobiT dadgeniliwesebi, xolo gadawyvetileba unda miiRebodes sajarod dagamWvirvaled. amisaTvis ar aris sakmarisi is, romsakrebulos sxdomebi Riaa. aseTi tipis proeqtebisaTvis,romlebic exeba tyis fondis miwebis miznobriv gamoyenebas dagaremoze SesaZlo zemoqmedebas, aucilebelia sajaro19

ganxilvebis organizeba, garemosdacviTi organizaciebis daeqspertebis CarTviT.rac Seexeba adgilobrivi tradiciebis (Temis tyeebi,xatis tyeebi) gaTvaliswinebas tyis marTvis sakiTxebSi, esaucileblad unda iqnes miRebuli mxedvelobaSi axali tyiskodeqsis SemuSavebisas. Tumca dRes arsebuli gamsxvilebuliTviTmmarTvelobebisa da samxareo-administraciuli mowyobisararsebobs pirobebSi, es sakiTxi rTulad mosagvarebelia.legaluri baza adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebisgamoyofisa da gadacemisaTvisadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi naxsenebiamoqmedi tyis kodeqsis (1999 w.) ramdenime muxlSi. 13-e muxlSi(“adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobisorganoebis kompetencia tyis fondis marTvis sferoSi”)CamoTvlilia is qmedebebi, romlis ganxorcielebac undaSediodes maT kompetenciaSi.16-e muxli aRniSnulia, rom “adgilobriv tyis fonds,saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT miniWebuli uflebamosilebebisfarglebSi da am kodeqsiT dadgenili moTxovnebis dacviT,Sesabamisi samsaxurebis meSveobiT, marTaven adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoebi”. amavemuxlis mixedviT, unda gamocemuliyo prezidentis brZanebuleba”adgilobrivi tyis fondis marTvis sferoSiadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobisorganoebis uflebamosilebis, saxelmwifo tyis fondisganadgilobrivi tyis fondis gamijvnis wesis Sesaxeb“ 12 . esmuxlebi, anu arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza, Zalian zogadi daarasakmarisia imisaTvis, rom centraluri da adgilobrivixelisuflebis kompetenciebi tyis marTvis sferoSirealurad gaimijnos. amasTanave, 1999 wlis Semdeg mTelisakanonmdeblo garemo imdenad Seicvala, rom tyis kodeqsises nawilebi da mTlianad kanonic, ar aris harmonizebulisaqarTvelos moqmed kanonmdeblobasTan.rogorc aRiniSna, organuli kanoni “adgilobrivimmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelos Sesaxeb“ gauqmda da 2005wels ZalaSi Sevida axali organuli kanoni “adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”. axali organuli kanonidan12 aseTi debulebis proeqti SemuSavda, magram ar Sesula ZalaSi.20

gamdinare, 2007 wlis 23 maisis saqarTvelos mTavrobis #105-edadgenilebiT ZalaSi Sevida debuleba “adgilobrivimniSvnelobis tyis gansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb”. samwuxarod,debuleba ar gansazRvravs, rom aucilebelia gadasacem tyisfarTobebSi gadacemamde tyeTmowyobis Catareba/ganaxleba.me-3 muxli aRniSnavs, rom TviTmmarTvelobebs tyis fondisakuTrebaSi gadaecemaT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis piradimoTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT. aseTi formulirebamunicipalitetebisaTvis investorebze licenziebis gayidvisfunqciis miniWebasa da am gziT Semosavlis miRebasgamoricxavs. am CanawerSi igulisxmeba, rom adgilobrivi tyisfondi gankuTvnilia soflad mcxovrebi komlebis SeSiTa daSesaZloa, samasale merqniT momaragebisaTvis. rogorc Cans,ar aris navaraudevi iseTi farTobebis gadacema, sadacTviTmmarTvelobebs miecemaT SesaZlebloba moaxdinonsargeblobis licenziebis gacema investorebze da am gziTSemosavlis miReba.debuleba Zalze zogadia da masSi bevri ramaa dauzustebeli.debulebis miznad dasaxelebulia saxelmwifo daadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis uflebamosilebaTadadgena adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis fondisgansazRvris sferoSi. Tumca, am debulebis teqstSi aRweriliamxolod sxvadasxva samTavrobo dawesebulebebis roliadgilobrivi tyis fondis gansazRvrisas da erTi sityvac kiar aris gamijvnis sakiTxSi adgilobrivi TvimmarTvelobebisuflebamosilebebis Sesaxeb. jer-jerobiT arafriT ar arisgansazRvruli adgilobrivi TvimmarTvelobebisuflebamosilebani adgilobrivi tyis fondis marTvissferoSi 13 .debulebaSi aRniSnulia, rom adgilobrivi tyisfondisaTvis gadasacemi farTobebis SerCevis mizniTSesasrulebel samuSaoebs axorcielebs saqarTvelos garemosdacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro. ar arisdakonkretebuli, ras gulisxmobs es samuSaoebi. saWiroadetalurad gaiweros, ra igulisxmeba am SesasrulebelsamuSaoSi. Cveni azriT, mniSvnelovania, rom es samuSaoebimoicavdes: 1. konkretuli municipalitetis teritoriazemcxovrebi mosaxleobis saWiroebaTa Sefasebas. maT Soris,13mTavrobis dadgenilebiT SeuZlebelicaa ganisazRvros adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobebis uflebamosilebebi. swori iqneboda, am debulebisZalaSi Sesvla momxdariyo prezidentis brZanebulebiT da ara mTavrobisdadgenilebiT, rogorc es organul kanonSi Caiwera.21

saSeSe da samasale resursis savaraudo moculobis dadgena,romelsac yovelwliurad iyenebs mosaxleoba da 2. merqnulimaragebis savaraudo odenobis, merqnis bunebrivi wliuriSematebisa da mopovebisaTvis dasaSvebi odenobebis dadgenas(anu srulfasovani tyeTmowyobis Catareba).aseve, debulebis Tanaxmad, “saqarTvelos miwisgamoyenebisa da dacvis saxelmwifo komisia ganixilavsTviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis gadasacem farTobebTandakavSirebul informacias da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSigamoiTxovs damatebiT dazustebul informacias”.gaurkvevelia, gulisxmobs Tu ara es informacia tyismerqnuli maragebisa da merqanze moTxovnlebis Sedarebas.adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis fondis miwebisTviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis Cabareba xdeba erToblivadsaqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebissaministros, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros daSesabamisi TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis uflebamosiliwarmomadgenlbis mier miReba-Cabarebis aqtis safuZvelze. araris gansazRvruli, ra monacemebi unda iyos aRniSnuli ammiReba-Cabarebis aqtSi. mizanSewonilia, miReba-Cabarebis aqtisformac damtkicdes Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtiT.“miReba-Cabarebis aqtSi sxva monacemebTan erTadaRiniSneba saorientacio sazRvris sigrZe”. gaugebaria, rasgulisxmobs “sxva monacemebi” da ras iZleva sazRvris sigrZisaRniSvna, Tanac savaraudo sigrZis.yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, romsakanonmdeblo doneze adgilobrivi tyis marTvis sferoSiTviTmmarTvelobis ufleba-valdebulebebis gansazRvrisa dacentraluri xelisuflebis uflebamosilebebisgan mkafiodgamijvnis gareSe dauSvebelia tyis gadacemis procesisdawyeba.sxvadasxva Sexvedrebsa da ganxilvebze adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebi gamoxatavdnen aqtiurdainteresebas adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebis gamoyofasada maTTvis gadacemis sakiTxis dadebiTad gadawyvetis mimarT.magram amasTanave garkveuli sifrTxiliT ekidebian amsakiTxs, Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:• didi pasuxismgebloba;• gaurkveveli uflebamosilebebi;• tyis ekologiuri mdgomareobisa da resursebisSesaxeb faqtobrivi monacemebis arqona;• mwiri finansuri SesaZleblobebi;22

• satyeo sferoSi gamocdili da Tanamedrove codniTaRWurvili kadrebis ararseboba:1. saxelmwifo tyis fondidan adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyisfondSi gadasacemi farTobebis dadgena, xangrZlivvadianperspeqtivaSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis piradi moxmarebissaWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT (TviTmmarTvelobis, samxareoda centraluri xelisuflebis, arasamTavroboorganizaciebisa da sazogadoebis monawileobiT). yofilsakolmeurneo tyeebTan erTad, romelic dReisaTvisZiriTadad buCqnarebis saxiTaa SemorCenili, unda moxdessaxelmwifo tyis fondis iseTi nawilis gadacemac, sadacsakmarisi merqnis maragebi iqneba xangrZlivvadianperspeqtivaSi mosaxleobis saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad;mosaxleobas, saSeSe merqnis garda, piradi moxmarebisaTvissamasale merqnis mopovebis ufleba unda mieces.2. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis gadasacemi tyisfarTobebis inventarizacia garemos dacvisa da bunebriviresursebis saministros mier (TviTmmarTvelobis,mosaxleobisa da arasamTavrobo seqtoris monawileobiT);TviTmmarTvelobebma unda moiTxovon gadasacemi tyeebismdgomareobis Sesaxeb realuri informaciis dadgena (merqnismaragebis raodenoba, ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sefaseba, rasameurneo RonisZiebebis Catarebaa SesaZlebeli, romelubnebzea SesaZlebeli merqnis mopoveba da a.S.)3. dadgenili farTobebis miReba-Cabarebis procesiskomisiuri wesiT ganxorcieleba (TviTmmarTvelobebis,gubernatoris aparatis, arasamTavrobo seqtoris, garemosdacvisa da bunebrivi resursebisa da ekonomikuriganviTarebis saministroebis monawileobiT);4. adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebTan mimarTebaSi adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis ufleba-movaleobebis naTlad,mkafiod gansazRvra da normatiuli aqtis saxiT Camoyalibeba;5. adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebSi TviTmmarTvelobebismier meurneobis warmoebisaTvis saWiro finansebis gansazRvrada Sesabamisi wyaroebis winaswar dadgena;23

6. adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis marTvisaTvis saWirooptimaluri adamianuri resursis raodenobis dadgena,momzadeba/gadamzadeba, materialur-teqnikuri aRWurva;7. municipalitetsa da regionSi arsebuli saswavlosamecnierodawesebulebebis daintereseba da maTimaqsimaluri CarTva mTels procesSi.ra unda gaakeTon TviTmmarTvelobebma?zemoT CamoTvlili Svidi punqtis Sesruleba pirvelrigSi damokidebulia TviTmmarTvelobebis iniciativasa daprincipulobaze.yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom TviTmmarTvelobebsgadaeceT is qoneba, rac realurad sWirdebaT da ara is, raczedmet Tavis tkivils warmoadgens saxelmwifosaTvis. imSemTxvevaSi, Tu TviTmmarTvelobebis sakuTrebaSi arsebulityis fondis xarjze unda moxdes adgilobrivi mosaxleobisdakmayofileba, maSin iq realurad unda arsebobdes mosaxleobisaTvissakmarisi merqnuli resursi. aqedan gamomdinare,aucilebelia tyeTmowyobis Sedegad miRebuli realurisuraTis arseboba. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSityeTmowyoba fragmentulad tardeboda. tyeTmowyobismonacemebis arseboba saWiroa ukanono Wrebis kontrolisa dakorufciuli garigebebis mizniT mopovebuli merqnisaraswori raodenobis Cvenebisagan Tavis dasacavad.ganvixiloT ramodenime SesaZlo scenari:Tu gadacemamde saxelmwifo daiwyebs tyeTmowyobisCatarebas im satyeo kvartlebSi, romlebic gansazRvruliaadgilobriv tyis fondSi Casaricxad, procesi SesaZloa 2-3weli gaiwelos.meores mxriv, garda imisa, rom tyeTmowyobis CatarebasaWiroa realuri suraTis gasagebad, es aucilebelia kanonismoTxovniTac, vinaidan akrZalulia tyeTmowyobis gareSe tyiTsargeblobis ganxocieleba. Tu TviTmmarTvelobebs gadaecemaTtyis farTobebi, romlebSic tyeTmowyoba Catarebulia 10welze meti xnis win, maT sakuTari saxsrebiT mouwevT amsamuSaos ganxocieleba, vidre ufleba eqnebaT resursismopovebaze gascen nebarTvebi. Tanac es procesi aranaklebdros daikavebs.SesaZlebelia gadacema ganxorcieldes or etapad. pirveletapze komisiuri wesiT moxdes dasacemi farTobebis zogadiSefaseba. yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis fondSi aris24

1. sayinule – karstuli mRvime sofelnikorwmindasTan2. bzis koromi3. mdinare Txmorulas CanCqeri 4. kavkasionis xeluxlebeli tyeebi

5. sofel sasaSis tye, sadacramdenime welia soflis mcxovrebTagadawvetilebiT, xis Wra aRikveTa6. wablnari sofel TxmorTan(ambrolauris raioni),romelsac tyis mWrelebisan icavensoflis mcxovrebni8. namarxi moluskebis anabeWdebikirqvebze7. didi kavkasionis kirqvianebi

9. zesxo-ailamas masivi – poteciuridaculi teritoria10. kanonis dacviT moWrili xe – nomriTfesvis yelTan11. ukanono Wrebi wablnarSi12. lafanWamias mier dazianebuli xeebi

13-16. ukanono Wrebisa da Wris wesebis darRvevis faqtebi

unebrivad tyiT daufaravi farTobebi, romlebic gamoiyenebasaZovrebis, saTibebis an saxnav-saTesi miwebis saxiT. asevearis adgilebi, sadac tye gaiCexa da mosaxleoba faqtiuradwlebis ganmavlobaSi iyenebs sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebad.aseTi farTobebi aRdgenas an aRar daeqvemdebarebian,an aRdgena Zalze Zviri da ararentabeluri iqneba. Tanac maTifaqtiuri mflobelebisaTvis CamorTmeva da adgilobrviTviTmmarTvelobebisTvis gadacema sabWoTa koleqtivizaciisprocess daemsgavseba, rac gamoiwvevs socialur daZabulobasda konfliqtebs. aseTi kategoriis farTobebi SesaZlebeliaamoricxuli iyos tyis fondidan da sakrebulos SexedulebismixedviT moxdes maTi gankargva (daukanondeT faqtobrivmflobelebs, gaices ijariT, an moxdes privatizacia). gardaamisa, pirvel etapze moxdes yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebistyiT dafaruli farTobebis gadacema. ramdenime wlisganmavlobaSi, sanam dazustdeba tyeTmowyobis monacemebi,mosaxleobis realuri moTxovnlebebi saSeSe da samasalemerqanze dakmayofildes saxelmwifo tyis fondidan.meore etapze moxdes saxelmwifo tyis fondidan imnawilis gadacemac, romelSic xe-tyis maragebi Sesatyvisiiqneba mosaxleobis raodenobisa da moTxovnilebisa daromlebic realurad dResac gamoiyeneba adgilobrivimosaxleobis mosamarageblad. logikurad, Tu saxelmwifotyis garkveuli nawili mainc saWiroa adgilobrivimosaxleobis yoveldRiuri saWiroebis dakmayofilebisTvis,igi unda gadaeces kidevac TviTmmarTvelobebs.gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba:saxelmwifo gegmavs xangrZlivvadian sargeblobaSi gascestyeebis vrceli masivebi saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. amnabijis gadadgma ar aris mizanSewonili manamde, sanam ar arisCatarebuli saqarTvelos tyeebis inventarizacia/kategorizacia,dadgenili arsebuli merqniTi resursebi,ar gakeTebula Sefaseba, Tu tyis ra farTobebi iqnebasakmarisi adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis, ar momxdaraadgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebis gadacemamunicipalitetebze, ar arsebobs adekvaturi raodenobiTdaculi teritoriebi. SeiZleba Seiqmnas viTareba, rocaTviTmmarTvelobebze gadacemuli tyeebi ar iqneba sakmarisimosaxleobisaTvis, xolo maTi saxelmwifo tyeebis xarjzegazrdis saSualeba aRar iarsebebs, vinaidan isini aRmoCndebakerZo mflobelTa xelSi (miT umetes, igegmeba licenziismoqmedebis vadis gazrda 50 wlamde).25

“tyis kodeqsis” 35-e muxlis 1-li punqtis Sesabamisad:“mosaxleobisa da sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebiswarmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT miiRon sruli, obieqturi dadrouli informacia saxelmwifo tyis fondis mdgomareobisSesaxeb; monawileoba miiRon saxelmwifo tyis fondis marTvisdagegmvis yvela RonisZiebaSi nebismier etapze.” amave muxlisme-3 punqtiT ki saxelmwifo tyis fondis marTvis uflebismqone organoebis mier tyiTsargeblobis Sesaxebgadawyvetilebis miRebamde, Sesabamisi regionebis mixedviT,unda gamoqveyndes informacia saxelmwifo tyis fondis 5 dameti wliT sargeblobisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb.” kodeqsis 36-e muxlis 1-li punqtis Tanaxmad, ”kodeqsis 35-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, saxelmwifo tyis fondismarTvis uflebis mqone organoebi uzrunvelyofen Sesabamisigadawyvetilebis miRebamde mosaxleobisa da sazogadoebrivigaerTianebebis warmomadgenelTa mier gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebisada winadadebebis ganxilvas.“amrigad, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs, adgilobrivmosaxleobas, romelic uSualodaa damokidebuli tyisresursebze, ufleba aqvs droulad, saboloogadawyvetilebis miRebamde, miiRos saTanado informacia tyisfondis grZelvadian sargeblobaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb, raTamoaxdinos zegavlena gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze.adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobebma da sazogadoebrivmagaerTianebebma aqtiurad unda gamoxaton pozicia tyisfondis investorebze gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT, moaxdinonsakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis aqtiuri dacva.saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba amis SesaZleblobas iZleva dayvelaferi maT moqalaqeobriv Segnebazea damokidebuli.Cveni azriT, imisaTvis, rom adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebimomzadebulni Sexvdnen maT sakuTrebaSi tyisfondis gadacemis process, uaxloes momavalSi, unda SeqmnandroebiTi samuSao jgufebi. samuSao jgufebma unda imuSaonSemdeg sakiTxebze (magram ar Semoifarglon amiT):• mosaxleobis realuri saWiroebebis gansazRvra dayovelwliurad mosapovebeli resursebis savaraudomoculobebis Sesaxeb winadadebebis momzadeba;• tyis marTvis adgilobrivi samsaxurebis SeqmnisaTviswinadadebebis SemuSaveba;• tyis marTvisaTvis samsaxurebSi dasaqmebulTasavaraudo raodenobis dadgena;• tyis marTvisaTvis saWiro materialur-teqnikuribazis Sefaseba;26

• winadadebebi kadrebis momzadeba/gadamzadebisaTvis;• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebSi meurneobiswarmoebisaTvis saWiro finansebis gansazRvra;• dafinansebis savaraudo wyaroebis dadgena.adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebis dafinansebarogorc aRvniSneT, moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebi adgilobrivi TviTmmar-Tvelobebs unda gadaeces sakuTrebaSi. aqedan gamomdinareTviTmmarTveloebma, tyeebis gadmobarebis Semdgom, sakuTaribiujetidan unda gaiRon maT marTvasTan dakavSirebulixarjebi. kerZod, es gulisxmobs Semdegi qmedebebisdafinansebas 14 :• tyeTmowyobis Catareba 10 weliwadSi erTxel;• yovelwliurad tyekafebis gamoyofis samuSaoebisCatareba;• tyis marTvis samsaxurebis Seqmna, aRWurva;• tyis marTvis samsaxurebis funqcionireba(administraciuli xarjebi, xelfasebi);• tyis mavneblebisgan da daavadebebisgan dacvisRonisZiebebi;• ukanono Wrebisgan dacva;• tyis aRdgena-ganaxleba;• tyis xanZrebTan brZolisa da prevenciis RonisZiebebi;• sxva saoperacio xarjebi.dafinansebis wyarod TviTmmarTvelobebma unda gamoiyenonadgilobrivi Semosavlebi. aris kidev erTi gza saWiroda adekvaturi dafinansebis mosapoveblad - SesabamiskanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebis Setana, raTa moxdes gamoTanabrebiTitransferis dadgensas adgilobrivi mniSvnelobistyeebis marTvis Rirebulebis gaTvaliswineba. am sakiTxislobireba municipalitetebma unda moaxdinon parlamentSimaJoritari deputatebisa da gubernatorebis daxmarebiT.14aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo aTwleulebSi saxelmwifo, sworedbiujetidan mwiri dafinansebs gamo, zemoT CamoTvlili RonisZiebebs ansaerTod ver asruldebda, an sruldeboda arasrulfasovnad.27

zedamxedvelobaadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebze tyis fondismarTvis kuTxiT zedamxedveloba SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldesmxolod kanonTan Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT da aramizanSewonilobis kuTxiT. amJamad, satyeo sferosmaregulirebeli kanonmdeloba winaaRmdegobrivia. sxvadasxvadros miRebul kanonebsa da maregulirebel normatiulaqtebs Soris arsebuli koliziebi jer kidev iZlevakorufciuli garigebebis SesaZleblobas. satyeo meurneobisbevri TanamSromeli mieca pasuxisgebaSi, risi mizezickanonmdeblobiT mouwesrigebeli sakiTxebi gaxda (mag.ukanonod mopovebuli xe-tyis seqvestrTan dakavSirebuligaurkveveli procedurebi da sxv.).tyeebis gadacemas win unda uZRvodes tyiTsargeblobiswesebis da tyis marTvis sferoSi uflebamosilebebis zustidadgena. mizanSewonilia, rom tyiTsargeblobis wesebierTnairi iyos mTels qveyanaSi, miuxedavad imisa, vissakuTrebaSi an marTvaSia tyis farTobebi. amaSi igulisxmebaWris wesebi, tyekafis gamoyofis wesebi, aramerqnuliresursebis sargeblobis wesebi, samonadireo meurneobisa daplantaciebis mowyobis wesebi, marTvis gegmebis SemuSavebisada monitoringis warmoebis wesebi, satyeo meurneobiswarmoebis wesebi da a.S., romlebSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqnebaaucileblad Sesasrulebeli garemosdacviTi standartebi.magaliTad, ra sixSiris tyeebSia SesaZlebeli Wrebis daSveba,rogori daqanebis ferdobebze, Wras daqvemdebrebulimerqniani saxeobebis CamonaTvali, bunebriv pirobebSi daplantaciebSi gasaSeneblad daSvebuli saxeobebi da sxv. amwesebis Sesrulebaze saxelmwifo ganaxorcielebssamarTlebriv zedamxedvelobas kanonis Sesabamisad (da aramizanSewonilobis kuTxiT zedamxedveloba, rasac SinaarsiTgulisxmobs marTvis gegmebis SeTanxmeba, monitoringismasalebis Semowmeba da sxv.).garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro TavisdokumentebSi aRniSnavda, rom satyeo seqtoris reformisSedegad is ganaxorcielebs zedamxedvelobas. amisaTvis tyisfondis teritoriis yvela mesakuTrisa da mmarTvelisubieqtisaTvis (maT Soris adgilobrivi TviTmmar-TvelobebisaTvis) savaldebulo iqneba inventarizaciisangariSebis saministroSi wardgena dadgenil vadaSi.saministro aseve daamtkicebs adgilobrivi TviTmmar-28

Tvelobebis SemuSaveul tyis marTvis gegmebs. anu saxezeaeqskluziuri uflebamosilebis zedamxedvelobamizanSewonilobis kuTxiT, rac ar Seesabameba kanonmdeblobas.momavalSi saWiroa politikuri gadawyvetileba amSeusabamobis aRmosafxvrelad. Tu arsebobs imis saSiSroeba,rom saxelmwifos Carevis gareSe adgilobrivi mniSvnelobistyeebs ganadgureba daemuqrebaT da amisaTvis aucilebeliaara marto samarTlebrivi, aramed mizanSewonilobis kuTxiTzedamxedvelobac (rasac gulisxmobs marTvis gegmebisSeTanxmeba da angariSgeba saministrosTan, kontroli garemosdacvis inspeqciis mier), maSin cvlileba unda Sevides“adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobs Sesaxeb” organul kanonSi daadgilobrivi tyis fondis marTva unda miekuTvnos araeqskluziur, aramed delegirebul uflebamosilebas. amSemTxvevaSi tyeebTan erTad TviTmmarTvelobebs undagadaeces maTi marTvisaTvis saWiro finansuri damaterialuri faseulobebi da gaformdes SesabamisixelSekrulebebi. miT umetes, municipalitetebs sakuTarisaxsrebiT tyeebis marTvisTvis saWiro Tanxebi daSesaZleblobebi ar gaaCniaT.rac Seexeba adgilobrivi tyis fondis marTvis sferoSiadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis uflebamosilebebs,esec detalurad unda gaiweros kanonmdeblobaSi.maT Soris gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos seqvestri, tyisdacvis sferoSi uflebamosilebebi, tyis dacvis muSakTa miersaStato iaraRis gamoyenebis wesebi, sanebarTvodokumentaciis gacemis wesebi da a.S.sazogadoebrivi monitoringinebismieri donis mmarTvelobis warmatebulad ganxorcielebisaTvisdidi mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadoebrivi monitorringismeqanizmebis SemuSavebasa da amoqmedebas. rodesacsaqme exeba bunebrivi resursebis, miT ufro tyeebis marTvas,es sakiTxi kidev ufro Rirebulia. monitoringis warmoebasaqvs erTi umTavresi mizani - gaumjobesdes bunebriviresursis mdgomareoba da marTva.Cvenma dakvirvebam da kvlevam aCvena, rom adgilobriviTvimmarTvelobebi ar sargebloben sruli ndobiT arccentraluri xelisuflebis da arc adgilobrivi mosaxleobismxridan. centraluri xelisuflebis organoebs aqvT uamravikanoniT miniWebuli kontrolis meqanizmi, rasac emateba29

zepiri direqtivebi da miTiTebebi adgilebze ama Tu imsakiTxis gadawyvetis gzebTan dakavSirebiT.adgilobriv mosaxleobas miaCnia, rom TviTmmarTvelobazetyeebis gadacema ufro xelmisawvdoms gaxdis maTTvis tyisresursebs, magram amavdroulad gamoTqvams garkveul SiSs,rom adgilobrivi tyis fondi SesaZlebelia gaxdes ukanonoSemosavlis wyaro municipalitetebisTvis. aseTi faqtobriviviTareba kidev ufro warmoaCens sazogadoebrivimonitoringis saWiroebas.monitoringi saSualebas iZleva gaumjobesdes garemosdacviTimmarTveloba ramdenime gziT:1. bunebrivi resursebis arsebuli mdgomareobis dacvlilebis tendenciebis (gaumjobesda, stabiluria,Tu gauaresda) SefasebiT. am saxis informaciisgamoyeneba SesaZlebelia resursebis aTvisebisSesabamisi donis dadgenis, an aramarTebuli qmedebebisgansazRvrisaTvis;2. komerciuli samrewvelo organizaciebisa daxelisuflebisaTvis Sesasrulebeli maregulirebelida sakanonmdeblo valdebulebisa da maTi aRsrulebisSefasebiT;3. garemosdacviTi mmarTvelobis xarisxis SefasebiT;4. xelisuflebis organoebis an komerciuli samrewveloorganizaciebis mier mowodebuli informaciisrealobasTan Sesabamisobisa da sizustis gadamowmebiT;5. safrTxis Semcveli, an ukanono qmedebebis gamovleniT.amgvari qmedebebis didi xnis ganmavlobaSi uyuradReboddatovebas, SesaZloa, resursis sabolood amowurva mohyves,rac, ekologiur cvlilebebTan erTad, saboloo jamSi,gamoiwvevs am resursze damokidebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobissocialuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gauaresebas.monitoringi SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes mTavrobis,samrewvelo kompaniebisa da sazogadoebis mier bunebriviresursebis marTvis, kanoniTa da sazogadoebrivi RirebulebebiTdakisrebuli valdebulebis Sesrulebis SefasebisaTvis.monitoringis Sesaxeb uamravi literatura arsebobs daSesabamisad, arsebobs am cnebis arsiT erTi, magramgansxvavebuli formulirebis ganmarteba. monitoringissazogadod miRebuli ganmarteba mdgomareobs SemdegSi:"monitoringi aris garemo pirobebis cvlilebis da/an raimesaqmianobis Sefasebis mizniT, ganmeorebadi dakvirvebis30

Sedegad mopovebuli informaciis Segroveba da analizi". esaris specifiuri sakiTxisadmi droTa ganmavlobaSi Tvalyurisdevnebis procesi. am ganmartebis Tanaxmad, monitoringi:1. aris mravaljeradi gadamowmebis procesi;2. amowmebs/zomavs specifiuri sakiTxis sxvadasxvaaspeqts;3. amowmebs/zomavs miznebTan mimarTebaSi miRweulprogress;4. axmovanebs Sedegebs, raTa sworad warimarTossaqmianoba.arsebobs oTxi ZiriTadi rekomendacia monitoringisefeqturad warmoebisaTvis:1. gqondeT naTeli warmodgena imaze, ris monitoringsawarmoebT da risTvis;2. awarmoeT monitoringi martivad da uSualod;3. moipoveT sando da miukerZoebeli informacia,romlis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia cvlilebismiRwevisaTvis;4. gaaxmovaneT Sedegebi zegavlenis mosaxdenad.monitoringis Sedegebis gaxmovanebas, anu sazogadoebissamsjavroze gamotanas, aqvs udidesi mniSvneloba. SeiZlebaCaataro warmatebuli gamoZieba, gaakeTo safuZvlianianalizi, magram Tu amis Sesaxeb ar moxda obieqturiinformaciis gavrceleba farTo sazogdoebisTvis xelmisawvdomisaSualebebiT, mTeli Zalisxmeva fuWi aRmoCndeba.adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebis marTvisSesaZleblobebiyofili sakolmeurneo tyeebi, qveynis umetes nawilSiZlieraa degradirebuli. isini ZiriTadad gaCexili dagameCxerebulia, an buCqnarebis saxiTRaa warmodgenili; zogadgilebSi erozirebulia. aseT adgilebSi srulfasvani tyisekosistemebis aRdgena SeuZlebelicaa. maT dakarguli aqvTTviTaRdgenis unari da aqtiuri Carevis gareSe degradaciisprocesi gagrZeldeba. specialuri sameurneo RonisZiebebisganxorcielebis gareSe arc maTi gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli.am tyeebis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvisdakanonebis anu patronis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebeliamaTi sasargeblod gamoyeneba.31

SeiZleba satyeo miwebis sxvadasxva proeqtis ganxorcieleba,magaliTad:• tyis kulturebis gaSeneba;• tyis aRdgena;• satyeo plantaciebis gaSeneba;• arasatyeo plantaciebis gaSeneba (mag. Txilisplantaciebi, samkurnalo an sxva komerciuladRirebuli mcenareebis plantaciebi);• qarsacavi zolebis gaSeneba;• sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebad gamoyeneba(saZovari, saTibi, saxnav-saTesi). aseTi gamoyenebaSesaZlebelia, Tu es ar gamoiwvevs tyiT dafarulifarTobebis Semcirebas da tyis pirwmindad gaCexvas.SesaZlebelia satyeo miwebis erTdroulad mravalmxrivigamoyeneba. magaliTad, Tu bunebrivi pirobebi xelsayrelia,garkveul farTobze zolebad aSeneben xe-mcenareebs,romlebic asruleben qarsacavi zolis funqciasac da merqnismiRebis wyaroc arian, xolo zolebs Soris Ria sivrceebigamoiyeneba aramerqnuli kulturebis (sakvebi, samkurnalo,dekoratiuli) mosayvanad, an sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebad.dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyvana, romlebic bunebrivipirobebidan gamomdinare, gamoyeneba skverebisa da parkebisgamwvanebaSi, SesaZlebelia gaxdes Semosavlis soliduriwyaro.bunebrivi pirobebidan gamomdinare, iq sadac merqnismiRebis resursi SezRudulia, SesaZlebelia samonadireomeurneobebis Seqmna. samonadireo meurneoba erTis mxrivmniSvnelovania ekonomikuri kuTxiT (garda nadirobisa,ekoturizmis sxva saxeebis ganviTareba, plantaciurimeurneobis warmoeba), aseve bunebrivi ekosistemebisSenarCunebis erTgvar saSualebasac warmoadgens. Tumcaamgvari proeqtebi bunebrivi pirobebis seriozul winaswarSeswavlas, karg dagegmvasa da kapitaldabandebebs saWiroeben.evropis qveynebSi daSvebulia municipaluri daculiteritoriebis arseboba. tyis farTobebis sakuTrebaSigadacemis Semdgom, principSi Cvens adgilobriv TviTmmarvelobebsacunda mieceT SesaZlebloba Seqmnan adgilobrivimniSvnelobis daculi teritoriebi. magaliTad,iseTi adgilebisaTvis daculi statusis miniWeba, rogorebicaakarstuli mRvime “sayinule” sofel nikorwmindasTan,an CanCqeri mdinare Txmorulaze, sofel TxmorTan (ambro-32

lauris raioni), mniSvnelovani iqneba turizmisganviTarebisaTvis.nabeli meurneobanabeli meurneoba aris tyis marTvis tradiciuli (zogispecialistis Tanaxmad, uZvelesi) meTodi, romelicgulisxmobs axalgazrda xis Reroebis gadaWras niadagiszedapirTan axlos. darCenili (gadaWrili) Rerodan momdevnowlebSi ramdenime axali Rero/toti izrdeba, romlebicramdenime wlis Semdeg kvlav iWreba da ase meordeba cikli.nabeli meurneoba emyareba xis mravali saxeobisaTvisdamaxasiaTebel swrafi ganaxlebis unars. aseTi saxeobebiamuxa, Txili, nekerCxali, wabli, cacxvi, rcxila, verxvi,tirifi, muryani da ifani.gadaWrili Rerodan xdeba ramdenime axali ylortisamoyra da ara erTi mTavari Rerosi. es ylortebi rogorcwesi, Zalian swrafad izrdeba. maSasadame, nabeli meurneobissaSualebiT xdeba sasargeblo merqnis warmoeba mdgradi gziTSedarebiT mokle vadebSi axali xeebis dargvis gareSe.Catarebulma kvlevebma daamtkica, rom SesaZlebeliamerqnis ramdenime mosavlis miReba Reroebis ganaxlebispotencialis Seumcireblad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Wris ciklisxangrZlivoba optimaluria. Tumca, roca xeebi gadaberebisxnovanebas uaxlovdebian, maTi ganaxlebis unari swrafadmcirdeba. albaT, es ukanaskneli garemoebaa imis mizezi, romsaqarTveloSi nabeli tyis mravali koromi dabaliproduqtiulobiT gamoirCeva. Tumca, swori satyeo-sameurneoCarevis Sedegad SesaZlebeli iqneba, erTis mxriv, maqsimalurimoculobis mqone biomasis damzadeba da meores mxriv,niadagisa da biomravalferovnebis dacva.aRniSnuli meTodiT damzadebuli merqani mravali mizniTgamoiyeneba, dawyebuli SeSiT, damTavrebuli kalaTisdasamzadebeli masaliT, rac damokidebulia xis saxeobasa daxnovanebaze. Wris cikli damokidebulia saxeobaze dadasamzadebel produqciaze. magaliTad, verxvis TanamedroveplantaciebisaTvis, romlebic gaSenebulia energiis warmoebismizniT biomasis maqsimaluri raodenobiT damzadebisaTvis,damaxasiaTebelia rotaciis 3-4 wliani ciklebi. muxisSemTxvevaSi, mcire zomis merqnis damzadeba moiTxovs minimum15-20 weliwads.33

garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT, nabeli meurneoba sakmaodmisaReb sistemad iTvleba, radganac tyis amgvari monakveTebiqmnian xelsayrel saarsebo garemos mravali saxeobisaTvis.nabeli meurneobis warmoeba SesaZlebelia bunebriv tyiskoromebSi, merqnul plantaciebsa da qarsacav zolebSi, asevemcire farTobebze sakarmidmo nakveTebSic.ra unda gaviTvaliswinoT gasaSenebeli xe-mcenaris SerCevisas:• adgilobrivi bunerivi pirobebis Sesabamisoba;• swrafi zrdis unari;• amtanoba cvalebadi bunebrivi pirobebisadmi;• akrZalulia invaziuri (ucxo) saxeobebis Semotanada bunebaSi gavrceleba!satyeo plantaciebi 15satyeo plantaciebs SeuZliaT mravali socialurekonomikurisargeblis motana da tyis produqtebze moTxovnilebisdakmayofileba. amavdroulad, plantaciebma xeliunda Seuwyon bunebrivi tyeebis marTvas, Seamciron maTzezewola da xeli Seuwyon maT aRdgenasa da SenarCunebas.plantaciis marTvis miznebi (maT Soris bunebrivi tyeebisdacva da aRdgena) mkafiod unda iqnes Camoyalibebuli tyismarTvis gegmaSi da xorcSesxuli am gegmis ganxorcielebisas;plantaciebis dizainma da ganlagebam xeli unda Seuwyosbunebrivi tyeebis dacvas, aRdgenasa da SenarCunebas da arunda gazardos maTze zewola. plantaciis dagegmvisasgaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes bunebrivi derefnebi, buferebi(mdinareebis gaswvriv) da nairxnovani, gansxvavebulisasicocxlo ciklis mqone tyis koromebis monacvleoba.plantaciebis zoma da ganlageba SesabamisobaSi unda iyosmocemuli bunebrivi landSaftisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tyisbunebrivi koromebis Sesabamis elementebTan;15 es Tavi momzadebulia satyeo sameurveo sabWos (FSC) principebismixedviT34

ekonomikuri, ekologiuri da socialuri stabilurobisaTvissasurvelia, rom plantaciebis Semadgenloba iyosmravalferovani. es gulisxmobs merqniani saxeobebis (jiSebis),xnovanebis klasebisa da struqturis mravalferovnebas.plantaciebisaTvis saxeobebis SerCeva unda Seesabamebodesgaremo pirobebsa da marTvis miznebs; satyeo meurneobisteritoriis nawili (plantaciis farTobis Sesabamisad daregionaluri standartebis Tanaxmad) unda imarTos bunebrivityis aRdgenis mizniT;unda gatardes zomebi, raTa SenarCundes an gaumjobesdesniadagis struqtura, nayofiereba da biologiuri aqtivoba.merqnis damzadebis teqnikam da moculobam, gzebisa dabilikebis mSeneblobam da momsaxurebam da saxeobebisarCevanma ar unda gamoiwvios niadagis degradacia(xangrZlivi perspeqtiviT) an wylis xarisxisa da raodenobisgauareseba da Semcireba, an wylis drenaJis reJimismniSvnelovani cvlileba;unda gatardes zomebi, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli anSemcirdes mavnebel-daavadebebis gavrceleba, xanZriswarmoqmna da invaziuri (araadgilobrivi, egzotikuri)saxeobebis Semotana. mavneblebTan brZola unda warmoebdesara mxolod Sxamqimikatebisa da qimiuri sasuqebis meSveobiT,aramed unda moicvas prevencia da biologiuri kontroli.yvela Rone unda iqnes mimarTuli iqiTken, rom maqsimaluradSemcirdes qimiuri pesticidebisa da sasuqebis moxmareba, maTSoris sanergeebSi.ar unda moxdes arc erTi saxeobis farTomasStabianigaSeneba manam, sanam eqsperimentebiT an/da gamocdilebiT ardadgindeba, rom mocemuli saxeoba kargad egueba adgilobrivpirobebs, ar aris invaziuri da ar iwvevs mniSvnelovanuaryofiT ekologiur zemoqmedebas sxva ekosistemebze.gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces socialursakiTxebs, romlebic kavSirSia plantaciebis gaSenebis mizniTmiwis gadacemasTan, gansakuTrebiT adgilobrivi mosaxleobissakuTrebis, sargeblobisa da xelmisawvdomobaze uflebas;35

mcire ganmartebebi aqtualur sakiTxebze ras niSnavs saxelmwifo tyis fondi?saxelmwifo tyis fondi aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis,saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT misTvis mikuTvnebuli miwebisada misi resursebis erToblioba. saxelmwifo tyis fondi argulisxmobs mxolod tyiT dafarul teritoriebs. aq SeiZlebawarmodgenili iyos saZovrebi, sasoflo-sameurneosavargulebi, sanergeebi, nakafebi, naxanZralebi, mindvrebi dasxv. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondSi Sedis sameurneotyis fondi da daculi teritoriebi. dRevandelikanonmdeblobiT, sameurneo tyis fonds SeiZleba ganagebdessaqarTvelos satyeo departamenti da adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis organoebi, xolo dacul teritoriebs -daculi teritoriebis departamenti. Tumca bevr qveyanaSiadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi marTaven adgilobrivi dalokaluri mniSvnelobis dacul teritoriebsac. ra aris tyiTsargebloba?tyiTsargebloba aris tyis fondis sasargeblo Tvisebebisgamoyeneba da Rirebulebis mqone sxvadasxva resursismopoveba. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT daSvebulia tyiTsargeblobisramdenime saxeoba: xe-tyis damzadeba, plantaciurimeurneobis warmoeba, tyis aramerqnuli resursebiTsargebloba, sasoflo-sameurneo mizniT sargebloba, specialurida miCenis wesiT sargebloba, samecniero-kvleviTi dasaswavlo mizniT sargebloba, sakurorto, rekreaciuli dasxva mizniT sargebloba, samonadireo meurneobis mowyoba. ra aris xe-tyis damzadeba?xe-tyis damzadeba aris tyiT sargebloba merqnis miRebismizniT, rac moicavs xeebis moWras, samanqano gzamde mor-Trevas da daxarisxebas. ra aris tyis aramerqnuli resursebi?tyis aramerqnuli resursebSi igulisxmeba cocxali(biologiuri) warmoSobis produqtebi, romlebic moipovebatyis fondis teritoriaze. SeiZleba Segrovebuli iyosveluri bunebidan, satyeo plantaciebidan, an calke tyisgareT mdgomi xeebidan. magaliTad: sakvebad, an sakvebisdanamatebad gamoyenebuli produqtebi (Txili, kakali, xili,kenkra, saneleblebi, balaxebi, sokoebi), mcenareuli boWko,36

girCebi, balaxovani mcenareebis nawilebi (gorglebi,bolqvebi), fisi (webos misaRebad), samedicino, kosmetikuri dakulturuli mizniT gamosayenebeli produqtebi. ra aris tyeTmowyoba?tyeTmowyoba aris tyeebis mdgomeobis Sefasebis da maTigamoyenebis, aRwarmoebis da dacvis RonisZiebaTa dagegmvismizniT Catarebuli samuSaoTa kompleqsi. sxvagvarad romvTqvaT, es aris procesi, romelic moicavs tyeebisresursebis inventarizaciasa da sameurneo saqmianobisdagegmvas. "saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsis" Tanaxmad,saqarTvelos tyeebSi tyeTmowyobis masalebis gareSeakrZalulia tyiT sargebloba da satyeo sameurneosamuSaoebis warmoeba, stiqiuri ubedurebis SemTxvevebisgarda. saqarTveloSi tyeTmowyoba yovel 10 weliwadSierTxel unda tardebodes. im satyeo farTobebze, sadactyeTmowyoba 10 welze meti xani ar Catarebuli, WrebisdaniSvna ar SeiZleba. tyeTmowyobis Sedegad dgindebasaxelmwifo tyis fondis sazRvrebi, ganisazRvreba tyeebismdgomareoba, maTi saxeobrivi Semadgenloba, xnovaneba, xdebaresursebis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi Sefaseba,tyiTsargeblobis ubnebis dadgena, Wris saxeebis daproeqteba,tyis mdgomareobidan da adgilis bunebrivi pirobebidangamomdinare, tyis biologiuri da paTologiuri gamokvleva,wiTel nusxaSi Setanili gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofiiSviaTi, reliqturi da endemuri mcenareebis gavrcelebisarealis mqone ubnebis gamovlena. tyeTmowyobis masalebissafuZvelze, specialuri meTodikiT da moqmedi wesebisgaTvaliswinebiT, xdeba tyis fondis adgilobriviteritoriuli organoebis samoqmedo teritoriebis mixedviTgrZelvadiani tyiTsargeblobis mizniT, mTavari sargeblobisWrebiT xe-tyis damzadebis yovelwliuri SesaZlooptimaluri odenobis (saangariSo tyekafis) dadgena.teritoriuli organoebis saangariSo tyekafebis jamiTmiiReba regionebis an mTlianad qveynis saangariSo tyekafisodenoba. stiqiuri movlenebis, tyis mavneblebis dadaavadebebis gavrcelebis, xanZrebis SemTxvevaSi xe-tyisdamzadebis moculobebi da vadebi dgindeba specialurigamokvlevebis masalebis safuZvelze. gzebis, milsadenebis,eleqtrotrasebis, datborvis zonebis an sxva obieqtebismSeneblobisas, Tu es ukavSirdeba xe-tyis Wras, misimoculobebi da vadebi ganisazRvreba konkretuli obieqtebismSeneblobis damtkicebuli proeqtebis safuZvelze.37

a aris tyekafi?tyekafi aris tyeSi gamoyofili gansazRvruli farTobisadgili, romelzec moniSnulia mosaWreli xeebi da tyidangamijnulia vizirebiT (TvalsaCino niSnuliT), an bunebrivisazRvrebiT. amasTanave tyekafis nomrisa da farTobisaRmniSvneli boZiT. boZze unda mieTiTos gamoyofis adgili,weli da Wris saxe. tyekafis farglebs gareT Wra, unebarTvo(ukanono) Wrad iTvleba. tyekafis gamoyofa xdebatyeTmowyobis masalebis safuZvelze. tyekafis gamoyofatyeSi xdeba misi eqspluataciaSi gadacemamde erTi wliTadre. dgeba misi aTviseba-damuSavebis dokumenti, romelSicmocemulia, tyekafis forma da gamoyofis drosgansazRvruli ZiriTadi maCveneblebi: tyekafis farTobi,Semadgenloba, sixSire, saxeobis mixedviT mosaWreli xe-tyismaragi kubur metrebSi, merqnis saSualo maragi 1-ha-ze, xisReros saSualo moculoba, mozardis sixSire da mosaWrelimerqniani saxeobebi. tyekafze TiToeul mosaWrel merqnianxe-mcenares aqvs Tavisi individualuri nomeri da damRafesvis yelTan. nomeri iwereba tyekafis dokumentSi daaRniSnuli xis moWris kanonierebas aRniSnavs. unomro dadaudamRavi xis moWra, iTvleba unebarTvo (ukanono) Wrad.fizikurma Tu iuridiulma pirma, romelsac gaaCniatyiTsargeblobis licenzia, tyekafze Wris dawyebamde undawarmoadginos da adgilobriv satyeo samsaxurTan SeaTanxmostyekafis aTvisebis teqnologiuri ruka - dokumenti,romelic Seicavs informacias farTobis, reliefis, niadagis,Wris formis, moris Trevis saxeebis, xe-tyis zeda sawyobisadgilis, dasatvirTi moednis, xe-tyis sazidi gzebisganlagebis, tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis uzrunvelyofis,eroziisagan dacvis da tyekafze arsebuli mozardisSenarCunebis Sesaxeb. ras niSnavs koromis simwifis asaki?koromis simwifis asaki aris asaki, romelSic koromi iZensraodenobriv da xarisxobriv maCveneblebs, romelic yvelazemetad Seesabameba sameurneo miznebs. ganasxvavebenraodenobrivi simwifis asaks (asaki, romelSic erTi asakisa dasaxeobis xeebisagan Semdgari koromi mocemul pirobebSiaRwevs cocxali xis merqnis maqsimalur odenobas), sasaqonlosimwifis (asaki, romelSic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes samasalemerqnis maqsimaluri odenoba), "biologiuri" simwifis (asaki,romlis Semdgom iwyeba erTi asakis koromis swrafi daSla) dasxva saxis simwifis asaks. sxvadaxva asakis xeebisan Semdgari38

koromisaTvis cneba "simwifis asaki" praqtikulad ar gamoiyeneba.praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli simwifis asaki TiToeulisaxeobisaTvis unda dgindebodes saxelmwifo organoebis mierfarTo teritoriis garemo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ras niSnavs koromis sixSire?sixSire gansazRvravs xeTa dgomis simWidroves. normalurkoromSi (tyis ubanSi), sadac xeTa dgomis simWidrove imdenadxSiria, rom iq SeuZlebelia xis Camateba, miCneulia 1,0sixSiris koromad. aqedan gamomdinare koromis sixSireSeiZleba iyos 0,9; 0,8; 0,7; 0,6; 0,5; 0,4; 0,3; 0,2; 0,1. ra aris merqnis maragi?merqnis maragi aris mozardi xeebis varjis saerTo moculoba(gamosaxuli kuburi metrebiT erT heqtarze). Cveulebrivgamoiyeneba "saZire maragi" anu merqnis saerTo maragi,kerweroebisa da jirkebis CaTvliT. e.w. "likviduri maragi"anu maragi, romelic SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas sameurneomniSvnelobiT, 10-15%-iT naklebia, vidre "saZire maragi".likvidur maragSi Sedis rogorc samasale, ise saSeSe merqani. ras niSnavs likviduri merqani (likvidi)?likviduri merqani aris merqnis nawili, romelic SeiZlebagamoyenebul iqnas adamianis mier. amaSi Sedis gaqerqilisamasale merqani da gauqerqavi saSeSe merqani. zogadadmiRebulia, rom likviduri merqani Seadgens merqnis saerTomaragis daaxloebiT 87%-s. tyis Wris ra wesebi moqmedebs Cvens qveyanaSi?Wris wesebis safuZvlebi mocemulia saqarTvelos kanonSi“saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi”. Wra regulirdeba am kanoniTaseve misgan gamomdinare debulebebiT, saqarTvelosprezidentis brZanebulebiT da sxva normatiuli aqtebiT. amwesebis dacva savaldebuloa yvela uwyebisaTvis, romelTagamgeblobaSic imyofeba tyeebi, agreTve fizikuri daiuridiuli pirebisaTvis, romlebic ewevian tyeSi nebismieriWris saxeobiT merqnis damzadebas.saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs ZiriTadad samisaxis Wris wess: mTavari sargeblobis, movliT da specialurWrebs. Tavis mxriv, es Wrebic iyofa sxvadasxva saxeebad.tyis Wris saxeebis SerCeva warmoebs merqnian saxeobaTabiologiuri da ekologiuri Taviseburebebis, tyis tipebis,tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis, eroziis winaaRmdeg39

niadagis mdgradobis, ferdobTa eqspoziciisa da daqanebissimkveTris Sesabamisad.mTavari sargeblobis Wrebis saxeebia: pirwminda Wra,TandaTanobiTi Wra, jgufur-amorCeviTi Wra, nebiTamorCeviTiWra. TiToeuli maTgani unda dainiSnos Sesabamisibunebrivi pirobebisa da mosaWreli saxeobis gaTvaliswinebiT.mTavari sargeblobis Wrebi, Wris wesebis Tanaxmad, arSeiZleba dainiSnos Semdeg tyis kategoriebSi: saxelmwifonakrZalebSi; erovnul parkebSi; aRkveTilebSi; bunebisZeglebSi; dacul landfSatebSi; sakurorto zonis tyeebSi;mwvane zonis tyeebSi (daculi, bunebrivi an xelovnuri tye,romelic dasvenebis da sanitarul-sakurorto daniSnulebiTgamoiyeneba); amasTanave gansakuTrebuli dacviTimniSvnelobis mqone tyis ubnebSi, romelTac miekuTvnebian:• saxelmwifo dacviTi tyis zolebi (bunebrivi an xelovnurinargaobebi, romlebic dasaxlebuli punqtebis, rkinigzis dasaavtomobilo gzebis, arxebis, savargulebis da mdinareTawylis regulirebis mizniTaa Seqmnili);• Walis tyeebi (mdinareTa xeobebSi gavrcelebuli tyeebi,romlebic sezonurad itboreba);• subalpuri zonis 300 m siganis arealSi arsebuli tyeebi(gardamavali zoli tyis sartylidan alpiuri mdelossartyelSi, sadac mimdinareobs brZola, merqnian dabalaxovan mcenareebs Soris);• tyis ubnebi reliqtiuri, endemuri da Zvirfasmerqnianisaxeobebis gabatonebiT;• 35 0 -ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze;• mdinareebis, tbebis, wyalsacavebis gaswvriv 300 m siganisnapirdamcavi tyis ubnebi;• rkinigzis da saavtomobilo gzebis gaswvriv 100 m siganistyis zolebi.mTavari sargeblobis Wra iniSneba 0,6 da meti sixSiristyis ubnebSi. Wris Catarebis Semdeg, tyenakafze dazianebulixeebis odenoba ar unda aRematebodes darCenili xeebis 10%-s.tyenakafze darCenili xis wvrili narCenebi mozardisaganTavisufal adgilebze, mkvriv xurgebad daiwyoba tyismavneblebis dasaxlebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT dadasalpobad daitoveba, an wvrilad daiWreba da mTelfarTobze Tanabrad gaifanteba.mTavari sargeblobis Wrebis Catareba sxvadasxva merqnianisaxeobebis koromebSi kidev gansakuTrebul wesebad arisCamoyalibebuli: (1) Wrebi fiWvnarebSi, (2) Wrebi wiflnarebSi,40

naZvnarebSi da soWnarebSi, (3) Wrebi rcxilnarebSi, (4) WrebimurynarebSi, arynarebSi, verxvnarebSi.movliTi Wrebi - Wris aRricxvis kategoria, romelicformalurad mimarTulia maRalproduqtiuli koromebisCamosayalibeblad, sasargeblo funqciebis SesanarCunebladda gasaZliereblad da merqnis dasamzadeblad. movliTi Wrismravali saxeoba arsebobs, romelTa nawili mxolodTeoriaSia. aseTia magaliTad, xmeli totebis moWra, qvetyismovla, tyispirebis movla. zogierTi saxeobis movliTi Wra,Tavisi daSvebuli parametrebiT, uaxlovdeba mTavarisargeblobis Wrebs da ukanasknelisagan gansxvavebiT SeiZlebaCatardes iseT tyeebSi, sadac mTavari sargeblobis WrebidaSvebuli ar aris (ferdobebze, sakurorto-sarekreaciozonebSi). saqarTvelos (aseve ruseTis) bevr regionSi merqnisdamzadeba xdeba movliTi Wrebis saSualebiT.saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, arsebobs Semdegisaxeebis movliTi Wrebi, romlebic ganisazRvreba koromTaxnovanebisa da funqciuri daniSnulebis mixedviT: ganaTebiTi,gawmendiTi, gamoxSirviTi, gavliTi, sanitaruli,sarekonstruqcio.movliTi Wra tardeba 0,7 da meti sixSiris tyisubnebSi. Wris mizania tyeebis niadagdacviTi,wyalmaregulirebeli, sanitarul-higienuri, xarisxobrivi,saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis da struqturis gaumjobeseba.sanitaruli Wrebi - movliTi Wris yvelazegavrcelebuli saxea. sinamdvileSi es aris Wris kategoria,romelic mimarTulia koromis mdgomareobis SesanarCuneblad/gasaumjobeseblad, romlis drosac unda gamotanil iqnesgamxmari, dakninebuli, mavneblebiTa da daavadebebiTdazianebuli xeebi. Gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan sanitaruliWrebi CvenSi, iseve rogorc ruseTSi, gamoiyenebodasamrewvelo mizniT merqnis damzadebis SesaniRbavad iseTtyeebSi, sadac sxva saxeobis Wrebi ar iyo daSvebuli.kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, sanitaruli Wra movliTiWris erT-erTi saxea, romelic iniSneba 0,4 da meti sixSiristyis ubnebSi, sanitaruli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniTda gulisxmobs ubnis teritoriaze zexmeli, xmobadi, fauti(futuro) da mavneblebiT Zlier dazianebuli xeebis moWras.yvela Zlier dazianebuli xe, romelTac aRar aqvT momavalSizrdis saSualeba, unda moiWras. mdinaris napirebze 30-50metris siganeze ar daiSveba traqtoris moZraoba. rkinigzisada gzebis gaswvriv, agreTve, mwvane zonis da sakurortotyeebSi daSvebulia mxolod movliTi Wris saxe, sixSire Wris41

Semdeg ar unda davides 0,6-ze qveviT, subalpur 300 m-iantyis zolSi iWreba mxolod zexmeli, fauti da mavneblebiTdazianebuli xeebi.specialuri Wra xorcieldeba aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi,specialuri daniSnulebiT, agreTve, mosaxleobis saTbobiSeSiT uzrunvelsayofad, Sesabamisi tyis marTvis organosTanwinaswari SeTanxmebiT. Wris wesebis Tanaxmad, specialuri WraSesaZloa ganxorcieldes: hidrokvanZebis, milsadenebis,gzebis, kavSirgabmulobis da eleqtro gadamcemi xazebis,arxebis mSeneblobisas da aucilebeli xanZarsawinaaRmdegoRonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisas, satyeo-samelioracio,satyeo-sakulture da sxva satyeo-sameurneo RonisZiebebisganxorcielebisas, karierebis damuSavebisa da wiaRiseulisamoRebisas da sxv. specialuri Wra ar SeiZleba daigegmos:• nakrZalSi, erovnuli parkis mkacri dacvis zonaSi, bunebisZeglSi, dacul landSaftSi;• subalpur zolSi;• erozirebul, damewyril da eroziasaSiS teritoriaze.• specialur Wras ar eqvemdebareba:• wiTel nusxaSi Setanili saxeoba;• endemuri, reliqturi da Zvirfasmerqniani saxeoba;• istoriuli, memorialuri da sxva Rirebulebis mqoneerTeuli xeebi. ras aRniSnavs termini tyis kulturebi?tyis kulturebi aris tyis xelovnuri nargaobebi, gaSenebulidargviT an daTesviT. xSirad tyeTmowyobis masalebSi tyiskulturebad moixsenieba bunebrivi aRmonaceni, romlebicizrdeba im adgilebSi, sadac adre Sendeboda tyiskulturebi, maSinac ki, roca es kulturebi ganadgurebulia,an dakninebulia da viTardeba bunebrivi xemcenareebissafaris qveS. ra aris satyeo plantaciebi?satyeo plantaciebi ewodebaT xelovnurad Seqmnili tyiskulturebis nargavebs, romelTa mTeli arsebobisganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs movliTi RonisZiebebi (SesaZloasasuqebis gamoyeneba da niadagis specialuri damuSaveba),minimalur droSi maqsimaluri raodenobis merqnis miRebismizniT. tyis plantaciebi ufro gavrcelebulia tropikul dasubtopikul ganedebSi. CrdiloeTis qveynebis civi klimati ar42

iZleva mokle periodSi (10-20 weli) sasaqonlo merqnismiRebis SesaZleblobas. ras niSnavs fautiani xeebi?fautiani xeebi ewodebaT xeebs dazianebuli varjiT ansxvadasxva defeqtiT (orkerweroiani, fuRuroiani,gadatexili, daRrecili da a.S.), riTac maTi merqniskomerciuli Rirebuleba mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba. fautianxeebs xSirad gaaCniaT didi mniSvneloba biomravalferovnebisSenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT, imdenad ramdenadac asrulebenbudis, bunagis, TavSesafaris funqcias, warmoadgenensubstrats sokoebisa da sxva organizmebisaTvis. ra saxis darRvevebi SeiZleba naxoT tyeSi?Wra tyekafis gareSe. xe-tyis damzadeba daSvebulia mxolodspecialurad gamoyofili tyekafis farglebSi. Wra ukanonoa(unebarTvoa), Tu is tyekafis gamoyofis gareSe, gamoyofilityekafis farglebs gareT, daSvebulze meti raodenobiT,yalbi an vadagasuli dokumentebiT xorcieldeba. unebarTvodzexmeli, Caxergili, maT Soris waqceuli xeebis moWra dadamzadebac ki akrZalulia! tyekafze yvela mosaWrel xes aqvsTavisi individualuri nomeri da damRa fesvis yelTan. aseTimoniSnuli xeebis arsebobac tyekafis gamoyofis maCvenebelia.Tu ver vnaxavT tyis Wris adgilas tyekafis maCvenebelboZebsa da vizirebs, aseve danomril xeebs, es niSnavs, romWra tardeba tyekafis gareSe, an mis farglebs gareT da esukve mizezia, rom mivmarToT Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoebs.xSirad boZebi mxolod tyekafis erT mxarezea, raTadamRrvevma zerele Semowmebas "gauZlos". tyis siRrmeSi kiwesierad ar aris xolme aRniSnuli tyekafis sazRvrebi.xSirad boZebze ar aris sruli informacia tyekafis Sesaxeb.esec kanonis darRvevaa.daSvebulze metis Wra. xSirad gamoyofil tyekafSi iWrebaufro meti, vidre amis uflebas iZleva licenzia da tyekafismasalebi. Tu gamoyofil tyekafze aris moWrili xeebisjirkebi, romlebsac ar aqvs nomeri fesvis yelTan, esukanonod moWrili xea. aseve, gadaWril kunZze zemodan undaiyos specialuri damRa, romelsac asvams satyeo meurneoba.ukanonod moWrili xe-tyis transportireba da eqsporti. xetyisgadasazidad saWiroa gadamzidavma iqonios "xe-tyiskanonierebisa da warmoSobis damadasturebeli dokumentebi”,43

an ,,saSeSe merqnis kanonierebis damadasturebeli dokumenti”,romlebic man moTxovnisamebr unda warudginos uflebamosilsaxelmwifo organoebs (policia, gdi, satyeo da sabaJodepartamentebi). aRniSnul dokuments gascems isadgilobrivi satyeo meurneoba, romlis uflebamosilebisgavrcelebis farglebSic moxda resursis mopoveba. moWrilixis nomeri (romelic aRniSnulia fesvis yelze) gadatanilunda iqnes misgan damzadebul morze. daunomravi moristransportireba akrZalulia. Tu satransporto saSualebadatvirTulia morebiT, romlebic ar aris danomrili, esSesaZloa miuiTiTebdes ukanonod moWrili xe-tyisarsebobaze. rigiT moqalaqes kerZo pirisaTvis dokumentaciismoTxovnisa da Semowmebis ufleba ar aqvs!amorCeviT saukeTeso xeebis moWra. xSirad movliTi (romliserT-erTi saxea sanitaruli Wra) Wrebis Sedegad iWrebajanmrTeli, saukeTeso xeeebi. gamoyofil tyekafze xmeli,xmobadi, Zlier dazianebuli xeebis WraSi ardaniSvnadarRvevaa da kanoniT isjeba. amdenad Tu naxavT, romgamoyofil tyekafSi ar aris danomrili, anu mosaWreladmoniSnuli aseTi xeebi, CaTvaleT, rom kanoni dairRva.daniSnuli Wrebis dros saukeTeso, janmrTeli xeebi, wesiT,ar unda iWrebodes. xSirad ki piriqiT xdeba. gansakuTrebiTsavalaloa, roca aseTi ram swored movliTi (sanitaruli)Wrebis dros xdeba, romelic tyeebis gajansaRebas undaemsaxurebodes.endemuri, reliqturi, Zvirfasmerqniani da wiTel nusxaSiSetanili saxeobebis Wra. Tu naxavT, rom tyeSi moWriliaWalis muxa, wabli an uTxovari es iqneba ukanono Wra, vinaidanes saxeobebi Setanilia saqarTvelos ”wiTel nusxaSi”.Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wiTel nusxaSi Setanili saxeobebidanyvelaze xSirad zemoCamoTvlil saxeobebs moipovebenukanonod. aseve, savaraudod danaSaulTan gveqneba saqme, TusaxerxSi waawydebiT wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis morebs.tyiTsargeblobis wesebis darRveva, tyisTvis zianis miyeneba.arsebobs darRvevebi, romelTa Sedegad ziani adgeba tyes daromlebic ar aris Znelad gamosacnobi. ubralod undaicodeT, rom es darRvevaa da kanoniT isjeba. aseTebia:• tyis Wra Zlier daqanebul ferdobebze (Tu aseT ferdobzetyekafia gamoyofili, daniSnulia xeebi, es satyeo meurneobismier kanonis darRvevaze miuTiTebs);44

• tyis Wris dros dauniSnavi xeebis waqceva an dazianeba;• moWrili da miyudebuli xeebis datoveba tyeSi - essafrTxes uqnis adamianis sicocxles;• xe-tyis damzadebisas mozardi aRmonacenis dazianebagafuWeba;• tyis Wra gzispirebze;• miyolebiT mozardi xeebis Wra;• xe-tyis damzadebis Semdeg tyis narCenebisgan argawmenda.xSirad miaqvT mxolod samasaled gamosadegi xe-mcenarisvarjis nawili, wveroebsa da totebs ki iqve yrian. ikargebauamravi saSeSe merqani, nayari ki xels uSlis aRmonacens daxels uwyobs tyis daavadebebis gavrcelebas;• sadResaswaulo, religiuri, saritualo, dekoratiuli dasxva mizniT xeebis dazianeba, totebis moWra (bzis totebibzobisaTvis, uTxovaris totebi, saaxalwlod wiwvovnebismoWra, aseve varjis wveris waWriT mcenaris dazianeba);• nayofismomcemi xeebis produqtebis Segroveba totebismoWriT (jonjoli, qacvi, askili, kowaxuri, Sindi, nuSi dasxv.);• tyis fondis teritoriaze unebarTvo (ukanono) Zoveba, xvnada Tibva;• tyis farTobebis TviTneburad Semokaveba, SemoRobva damiTviseba;• gauqerqavi wiwvovani xis morebis tyidan gamotana, an tyeSidamarageba.niadagis dazianeba. merqnis gamozidvis dros niadagiszedapiruli fenis dazianeba da amiT eroziis winapirobisSeqmna akrZalulia. amas iwvevs dacurebiT xe-tyis gamotana,ris Sedegadac viTardeba mewyruli movlenebi. yvelazexSirad dacurebis kvali SeimCneva tyeebis siaxlovesganlagebul soflebTan, sadac saxerxebSi xdeba merqnispirveladi damuSaveba. amasTanave, rogorc wesi, tyidandacurebiT gamoaqvT ukanonod moWrili xeebi.merqnis pirveladi damuSaveba tyeSi. xe-tyis pirveladidamuSaveba tyeSi akrZalulia. Tu SeamCnevT, rom tyeSimuSaobs gadasatani saxerxi, icodeT, rom adgili aqvs kanonisdarRvevas da gdi-s unda mimarToT.45

saxerxebi. xe-tyis saxerx sawarmoebSi akrZalulia ukanonodmopovebuli xe-tyis damuSaveba da es kanoniT isjeba. rigiTmoqalaqes ar aqvs ufleba Seamowmos sawarmoSi xe-tyiswarmoSobis kanoniereba, magram arsebobs Zalze TvalnaTelidarRvevebi saxerxebis funqcionirebisas. saxerxisteritoriaze unda iyos specialuri ormo, sadac grovdebanaxerxi. xSirad, naxerxi gorebad yria saxerxis ezoSi an misgareT da rac ufro meti zianis momtania garemosaTvis -iyreba mdinareSi. naxerxi iwvevs niadagisa da wylisdabinZurebas, qimiur reaqciaSi Sedis maT komponentebTan,riTac imatebs mJavianoba. es uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianisjanmrTelobaze, radgan mavne nivTierebebi niadagisa da wylisgavliT sabolood Cvens sakvebSi da Semdeg organizmSixvdebian. aseve darRvevaa, roca saxerxSi Setanilia ukanonodmoWrili xe-tye, romelic SeiZleba icnoT nomrisararsebobiT. SeiZleba Tu ara xe-tyis damzadeba daculi teritoriebisfarglebSi?xe-tyis damzadeba (aseve saqonlis Zoveba) daSvebulia mxolodzogierTi kategoriis daculi teritoriis farglebSi, isicmxolod specialuri nebarTviT. magaliTad, aseTebia:aRkveTili, erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona.nakrZalSi an erovnuli parkis mkacri dacvis zonaSi xis WraakrZalulia. ra aris biologiuri mravalferovneba (biomravalferovneba)?biologiuri mravalferovneba (biomravalferovneba) _ arislandSaftebis, ekosistemebis, saxeobebis bunebrivimravalferovneba, aseve Sidasaxeobrivi genetikurimravalferovneba garkveuli teritoriis farglebSi.biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba, misTvis safrTxis aridebasameurneo saqmianobis dros, savaldebuloa saqarTveloskanonmdelbobiT. biomravalferovnebaze uaryofiTzegavlenas axdens misi bunebrivi elementebis Semcireba (mag.mTiani ekosistemebis an misi calkeuli elementebis Semcirebada ganadgureba), an bunebriv garemoSi ucxo saxeobebisgavrceleba. ra aris daculi teritoria?daculi teritoria aris saxmeleTo teritoria, an zRvisakvatoria, sadac marTva xorcieldeba kanoniT dadgenili46

wesiT. marTvis mTavari mizania daculi teritoriis fargleb-Si arsebuli biologiuri mravalfrovnebis, bunebriviresursebisa da kulturuli fenomenebis SenarCuneba. ras niSnvs satyeo meuneobis warmoeba?satyeo meurneobis warmoeba moicavs tyeebis Seswavlis,aRricxvis, aRwarmoebis, dacvis (ukanono Wrebisgan,xanZrebisgan, mavnebel-daavadebebisgan), regulirebisa dagamoyenebis RonisZiebebaTa erTobliobas. rogor movipovoT informacia saxelmwifo organoebidan?yvela moqalaqes SeuZlia moiTxovos da miiRos sajaroinformacia. amisTvis, werilobiT unda mimarTos Sesabamissajaro dawesebulebas, romelic valdebulia Seuferxebladmiawodos informacia. uwyebas amisaTvis maqsimum 10 dRe aqvs.Tu informaciis moculoba didia, an misi moZieba moiTxovsgarkveul dros, uwyebam 3 dRis vadaSi unda gacnoboT, romver eteva 10-dRian vadaSi da iqve miuTiTos, Tu rodisSeZlebs mis mowodebas. Tu sajaro dawesebulebam daarRvia espirobebi, Tqven SegiZliaT iCivloT amave dawesebulebisgeneralur inspeqciaSi, zemdgomadministraciul/makontrolebel organoSi an mimarToTsasamarTlos. Cveni rCevaa, rom sajaro dawesebulebaSiCabarebuli gancxadebis asli Tqven daitovoT, CainiSnoTkancelariaSi Cabarebis TariRi da nomeri, romliTac Tqvenigancxadeba gatarda.daimaxsovreT, rigiT moqalaqes kerZo pirisaTvisdokumentaciis moTxovnisa da Semowmebis ufleba ar aqvs!amisaTvis arseboben saxelmwifo samsaxurebi, romlebickanoniT miniWebuli uflebiT axorcieleben aseT qmedebebs.47

gamoyenebuli literatura1. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba, 2006, funqciebi dastruqtura, urbanuli instituti.2. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis biujetis SesaxebsaqarTvelos kanonTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi sakiTxebi,2006, urbanuli instituti.3. maWaraSvili i. n. gujaraiZe, 2006, tyis ukanono WrasTanbrZolisa da monitoringis meTodebi - saxelmZRvanelosaqarTvelos moqalaqeebisaTvis, Tbilisi, mwvanealternativa, 40 g.4. saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi demokratiis ganviTarebiswliuri angariSi (2006 weli), 2007, Tbilisi, fondi "Riasazogadoeba-saqarTvelo", saredaqcio kolegia: daviTlosaberiZe (mTavari redaqtori), daviT melua, daviTnarmania.5. saqarTvelos administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis daxelisuflebis doneebs Soris administraciuli,finansuri, qonebrivi da samarTlebrivi uflebamosilebebisgamijvnis konceptualuri modeli, 2004proeqti: “saqarTvelos decentralizaciis strategiisSemuSaveba”.6. saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis strategia da moqmedebaTagegma. 2005, Tbilisi, NACRES, 89 gv.7. saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuliaqtebis sainformacio saZiebo sistema CODEX 2005.(2008 wlis 1 ivnisis mdgomareobiT).8. Forest Insitutios in Transtion, Experiences and Lesorns from EasternEurope, Profor and the World Bank, 2005.9. Guidelines on Capacity Building in the Regions, Rainer Rohdewohld(GTZ-SfDM) and Dr. Manfred Poppe (Plandialog). Support forDecentralization Measures, GTZ- SfDM10. Morell M., 2004.FAO Experience in Decentralization in the ForestSector, FAO Forestry Department, Rome.11. Neven, I. 2003, Decentralization, “National Forest Programmes in theEuropean Context”, Institute Alterra – Green World Research,Wageningen, The Netherlands,.12. Ribot J.C. 2003, Democratic Decentralization of Natural Resources:Institutionalizing Popular Participation, World Resorces Institute.13. Poverty and Forests Linkages A Synthesis of Six Case Studies TheProgram on Forests (PROFOR) At the World Bank, 200748

asociacia mwvane alternativasafosto misamarTi Tbilisi, 0162, WavWavaZis gamz. #62telefoni: 22 38 74 / 22 16 04faqsi: 22 38 74el.fosta: greenalt@wanex.netveb-gverdi: www.greenalt.org