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Monique PoitrasDirector of TrainingMrs. Monique Poitras has been an aesthetician for more than 20 years. During this time, she worked in a salon for seven years,owned her own beauty institute and was an aesthetics teacher in both the private sector and a public school board. Shepossesses a certificate in education from UQÀM. She specializes in the field of cosmetology (the art and science of beautycare) and in the skin structure (skin biology). She has much experience in aesthetic and cosmetic sales, as well as businessand employee management. For many years now, Monique has been a trainer for various cosmetic companies, and hadassisted to and given many conferences.Anna Koolstra-KelleyTrainerAnna has been working in the cosmetic industry for over 10 years and has been self-employed in the spa business for 8 ofthose years. She received her certification from Algonquin College's Cosmetic Sales Program in 1995. She loves the beautyindustry and is passionate about teaching other estheticians the latest techniques. In her spa, Anna uses all of theMary Cohr treatments having found the products and treatments so results driven. She is excited to be working withBaronesse Cosmetiques.Training ProgramYour Knowledge is Your PowerOur team is dedicated towards a successful implementation of our brands in you beauty institute / spa, as well as continued educationthroughout the years. We believe that training is crucial and is imperative towards the success of a spa (and the team). Training will encouragebrand loyalty, motivate a team, provide new ideas, refreshing skills, and will reinforce our passion in this wonderful and very rewarding industry.Our goal is to provide our valued clients with quality trainings, which work towards only the highest professional standards and provide theassurance that we are working together towards raising the bar of the aesthetic industry.To register yourself for a training1. Please call your Customer Service Representative at 450.424.8446 / 888.458.4545 to confirm your presence.2. Please provide the date and name of the training you plan to attend.3. Please indicate the number of people who will be attending our training (along with their names).4. Provide your credit card number to reserve your space. If the person registered to the course does not attend a fee of $50.00 (per person)will be immediately charged to the card number provided upon registration.To cancel a reservation:1. No charge, provided the cancellation if made at least 7 days prior to training2. There will be a charge of $50.00 (per person), for all cancellations after 7 days.Our suggestion:When was the last time you or your team attended a training? Has it been over 6 months? If it has – you absolutely must come to see us soon!Please review this brochure and plan out the trainings you are interested in attending. Please keep in mind that training is a very profitableinvestment of your time and you will reap the awards of attending, throughout the days, weeks and months to come. Mark the dates in yourcalendar today!Training is not an option... it is a fundamental key to maximizing your success!On behalf of the Baronesse Cosmetics team, we wish you much success and look forward to welcoming you to our training facility… see yousoon!Training Location: Best Western Macies Hotel, 1274 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K8, (613) 728-1951The Meeting Room will be indicated at the main entrance of the hotel.

pirveli _ `sasicocxlo faqtorebis Tanabari mniSvnelobisa daSeucvlelobis kanoni~, romlis mTavari arsi isaa, rom mcenaris arcerTisasicocxlo faqtori ar SeiZleba Seicvalos sxva faqtoriT. marTlac, racar unda bevri sasuqi SevitanoT niadagSi, igi ver aanazRaurebs tenisdeficits an, ar SeiZleba Seicvalos fosfori azotiT an kaliumiT.mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis yvela faqtori Tanabari mniSvnelobisaada TiToeuli maTgani asrulebs garkveul fiziologiur rols.meore _ minimumis, optimumis da maqsimumis kanoni, romlis mixedviTsasoflo sameurneo kulturaTa mosavlianobas gansazRvravs niadagSiarsebuli is sakvebi elementi, romelic minimumSia. magaliTad: Tu niadagSiazotis raodenoba sakmarisia heqtarze 20 centneri mosavlis misaRebad,xolo fosforisa da kaliumis maragi eyofa 80 centners, mosavali mainc 20centneris farglebSi iqneba. an, Tu wylis maragi niadagSi 15centnerisaTvis aris sakmarisi, xolo sasuqebi 50 centnerisaTvis, mosavalimainc 15 centneramdea mosalodneli.mesame _ `mcenaris sasicocxlo faqtorebis erToblivi moqmedebiskanoni~, romlis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom yvela sasicocxlo faqtori(haeri, siTbo, sinaTle, teni, sakvebi elementebi da a.S.) mcenarisproduqtiulobaze gavlenas axdens ara izolirebulad calk-calke, aramederTmaneTTan mWidro da erToblivi moqmedebiT.soflis meurneobaSi niadagebis nayofierebis gasaumjobeseblad,sakvebi elementebis deficitis Sesavsebad da sasoflo sameurneokulturaTa gasanoyiereblad gamoiyeneba rogorc mineraluri, iseorganuli sasuqebi da sxvadasxva agromadneulebi.azotiani sasuqebiamoniumis gvarjila NH 4 NO 3 amiakur_nitratuli formis sasuqia, N-34-34,5%. TeTri, odnav moyviTalo feris cvilismagvari marilia, Zlierhigroskopiulia, haerze teniandeba da ibelteba, neitraluri an susti mJavereaqciisaa. aris rogorc granulirebuli, ise kristaluri, romelTaganpirvelis fizikur-qimiuri Tvsebebi ukeTesia. am sasuqSi nitratuli daamikuri azoti Tanabari raodenobiTaa warmodgenili (50-50%). mcenare misiganviTarebis pirvel fazaSi, ufro meti raodenobiT SeiTvisebs amoniums,Semdeg fazaSi ki ufro metad iTvisebs nitrats. amoniumis gvarjilasazoti ufro moZravia, vidre amoniumis sulfatisa, ris gamoc mcenareTadamatebiTi gamokvebisas amoniumis gvarjiliT ukeTesi Sedegi miiReba.amasTan, azotmJava amoniumis gamoyeneba ukeTes Sedegs iZleva urwyav,naleqebiT Rarib raionebSi. azotian sasuqebs Soris amoniumis gvarjilayvelaze karg sasuqad iTvleba da Sesabamisad ufro meti raodenobiTgamoiyeneba.natriumis gvarjila NaNO 3 . N- 15-16%. azots Seicavs nitratuliformiT. igi moipoveba sabadoebis saxiT, aseve mzaddeba sinTezuri gziTac.igi wyalSi kargad xsnadi, kristaluri nivTierebaa. fiziologiurad tutesasuqia, sakmaod higroskopulia. misi sistematiuri gamoyeneba iwvevsniadagis aris reaqciis gatutianebas, natriumis ionebis dagrovebas dakalcumis ionebis gamoZevebas mSTanTqavi kompleqsidan. mizanSewonilia misigamoyeneba kalciumis Semcvel sasuqebTan morigeobiT.igi upirvelesad gamoiyeneba im sasoflo sameurneo kulturebSi,romelTac sWirdebaT Saqris dagroveba. misi swrafi moqmedebis gamo

gamoiyeneba damatebiT ganoyierebaSi. ar aris mizanSewonili bicobniadagebSi Setana.kalciumis gvarjila Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . nitratuli formis sasuqia N-13-15%.TeTri kristaluri higroskopiuli, fiziologiurad tute reaqciisaa. misisistematiuri gamoyeneba aumjobesebs niadagis fizikur Tvisebebs, axdensmJave reaqciis ganeitralebas. amdidrebs niadags kalciumiT, racgansakuTrebiT akeTilSobilebs niadagis struqturas. sasoflo sameurneokulturaTa mosavlianobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT azotian sasuqTa Soriskalciumis gvarjilas erT-erTi pirveli adgili ukavia. ise rogorcnatriumis gvarjila, igi gamoyenebuli unda iqnes mcenareTagamokvebisaTvis.amoniumis sulfati (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4. N-20,5-21,5%. amiakuri formis azotianisasuqia.igi moTeTro-monacisfro molurjo-mowiTalo Seferilobisfiziologiurad mJave sasuqia. misi sistematiuri gamoyeneba iwvevs niadagisgamJavianebas. igi naklebad higroskopiulia da xasiaTdeba kargi fizikuriTvisebebiT. wyalSi kargad ixsneba, amitom advilad ixsneba niadagisxsnarSic. amoniumi niadagis mier STainTqmeba da misi gadaadgileba zedafenidan qveviT ise advilad ar xdeba, rogorc amas adgili aqvs amoniumisgvarjilis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi. amitom umjobesia misi gamoyenebanaleqebiT mdidar da sarwyav raionebSi. Tu azotiani sasuqi SemodgomiTunda iqnes niadagSi Setanili, maSin umjobesia amoniumis Semcvelisasuqebis gamoyeneba.uwylo amiaki NH 3 . N-80-82,3%. yvelaze koncentriuli ubalastosasuqia. igi miiReba gazisebri amiakis wneviT SekumSvisas. uwylo amiakiufero moZravi siTxea. maRali temperaturis pirobebSi swrafad gadadisgazisebr mdgomareobaSi da misi moculoba izrdeba. niadagSi Setaniliuwylo amiaki xsnaridan airad gardaiqmneba, igi adsorbcirdeba niadagiskoloiduri fraqciis mier da STainTqmeba niadagis tenis mier.niadagis mier amiakis STanTqmis siswrafe da xarisxi damokidebuliahumusis Semcvelobaze, niadagis tensa da meqanikur Sedgenilobaze, sasuqisSetanis wessa da siRrmeze da sxv. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba yvela tipisniadagze specialuri Semtani teqnikis saSualebiT.amiakuri wyali NH 4 OH. N-20,5-21%. igi sinTeTikuri amiakis wyalSigaxsnili xsnaria. igi xasiaTdeba amiakis orTqlis dabali drekadobiT(25%). misi gadatana xdeba Cveulebrivi foladisagan damzadebulihermetulad daxuruli avzebiT.niadagSi Setanili amiakuri wylis amiaki adsorbirdeba koloidebismier, amitom niadagSi misi gadaadgileba sustad mimdinareobs. magram,droTa ganmavlobaSi amiakuri azoti ganicdis nitrifikacias, amiT iZensgadaadgilebis maRal unars da niadagis xsnarTan erTad ganicdismigracias.misi sasuqad gamoyeneba uwylo amiakTan SedarebiT ufro advili danaklebad saSiSia. igi Seitaneba niadagSi Txevadi sasuqis Semtani teqnikiT,ris Semdegac aucilebelia maSinve misi niadagSi CakeTeba, mZime meqanikuriSedgenilobis niadagebisTvis 10-12 sm-ze, xolo msubuqi meqanikuriSedgenilobis niadagebisaTvis 14-18 sm-ze.amiakuri wyali gamoiyeneba yvela kulturaSi rogorc gazafxulzeTesvis win, ise SemodgomiTac.qloramoniumi NH 4 CL. N-24-25%. igi TeTri feris odnav moyviTalokristaluri marilia, xasiaTdeba dabali higroskopulobiT da kargifizikuri TvisebebiT, ar ibelteba, wyalSi kargad ixsneba. fiziologiurad

mJave marilia. qloramoniumis amoniaki niadagis mier STainTqmeba, xoloxsnarSi gadadis wyalSi kargad xsnadi mJava. misi gamoyeneba pirvel rigSimizanSewonilia fuZeebiT maZRar karbonatul niadagebze, xolo mJaveniadagebSi igi gamoiyeneba mokirianebis Semdeg.qloramoniumis gamoyeneba qlorisadmi mgrZnobiare kulturebisgasanoyiereblad ar aris mizanSewonili (kartofili, Tambaqo, vazi, xaxvi,kombosto)sxva kulturebSi misi gamoyeneba iseTive efeqts iZleva, rogorcsulfatamoniumi.Sardovana (karbamidi) CO(NH) 2 . amiakuri formis azotiani sasuqia.sinTezur SardovanaSi azoti 46%-ia. azotian sasuqTa Soris yvelaze ufrokoncentrirebulia. igi TeTri feris kristaluri nivTierebaa, kargifizikuri Tvisebebis, praqtikulad ar ibelteba, inarCunebs gabnevadobiskarg unars. sasuqis warmoebisas granulirebis procesSi temperaturisgavleniT SardovanaSi warmoiqmneba mcenareze toqsikurad moqmedinivTiereba-biureti, romelic niadagSi mTlianad iSleba sasuqis Setanidan10-15 dRis ganmavlobaSi. igi niadagSi Setanili unda iqnes Tesvamde 1-2TviT adre. SardovanaSi dasaSvebia 1%-mde biureti, romelic uaryofiTgavlenas ar axdens mcenareze.niadagSi Sardovanas SetaniT warmoqmnili amoniumi STainTqmebakoloidebis mier da mas TandaTanobiT SeiTvisebs mcenare. Sardovanagamoiyeneba yvela niadagze yvela kulturaSi, rogorc Tesvis winaganoyierebisaTvis, ise savegetacio gamokvebisas da efeqturobiT igiamoniumis gvarjilis tolfasia. teniT uzrunvelyofil zonebSi msubuqiSedgenilobis niadagebze Sardovana kartofilis, Saqris Warxalis dabostneulis met mosavals iZleva, vidre amoniumis gvarjila. aseve maRaliamisi efeqturoba saSemodgomo xorblis fesvgareSe gamokvebaSi, marcvliscvilisebr simwifeSi. azotian sasuqebs Soris granulirebuli SardovanaerT-erTi saukeTeso sasuqia.saerTod azotiani sasuqebis gamoyenebisas normebi ganisazRvrebasasoflo sameurneo kulturaTa biologiuri Taviseburebebidangamomdinare, mecnieruli kvlevebiTa da cdebiT dadgenili dozebisSesabamisad sasuqSi azotis (N) procentuli Semcvelobis, biologiuriazotis raodenobis, niadagSi mimdinare mikrobiologiuri procesebis,organuli sasuqebis Setanis normebis, sasoflo sameurneo mcenareebis mierniadagidan azotis gamotanis, erTeuli produqciis Seqmnaze saWiro azotisraodenobis da sxvaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. sasoflo sameurneo kulturisaTvisazotis dozis gaangariSeba da misi Setanis optimaluri vadis dadgenissaukeTeso saSualeba niadagTan erTad foTlis diagnostikaa.fosforiani sasuqebisoflis meurneobaSi gamoyenebuli yvela fosforiani sasuqifosformJava kalciumis marilebia. isini xsnadobis mixedviT sam jgufadiyofa: 1. wyalSi xsnadi erTCanacvlebuli fosfatebi. 2. naxevradxsnadi(ixsneba susti koncentraciis mJaveebSi). orCanacvlebuli fosfatebi 3.wyalSi araxsnadi, sust mJaveebSi naklebad xsnadi samCanacvlebulifosfatebi. fosforian sasuqebs Soris yvelaze metad gavrcelebuliapirveli jgufis sasuqebi.martivi superfosfati Ca(H 2 PO 4 ).H 2 O. P 2 O 5 -16-20%. igi miiReba wvriladdafqvili fosforitis an apatitis nedleulze 57%-iani gogirdmJavas

damatebiT. fosforitisagan miRebuli sasuqi muqi monacisfro ferisaa,xolo apatitisagan miRebuli Ria monacrisfro ferisaa, gogirdis mJavasdamaxasiaTebeli suniT. superfosfati aris fxvnilisebri dagranulirebuli. es ukanaskneli bevrad ukeTesi TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba.superfosfati gamoiyeneba yvela kulturaSi, umetesad fuZeebiT maZRarkarbonatul niadagebSi. niadagSi Setanili superfosfatis fosforikoloidebTan urTierTqmedebis Sedegad mcenarisaTvis ZneladSesaTvisebel, Zneladxsnad samkalciumian da sammagniumian fosfatebis anrkinis da aluminis fosfatebis formaSi gadadis. wiTelmiwa niadagebSi isgadadis rkinisa da aluminis fosfatebSi da amitom SedarebiT mcireefeqts iZleva. efeqtianobis gazrda SeiZleba niadagis organulinivTierebebiT gamdidirebiT, mokirianebiT. superfosfatis efeqturobaizrdeba misi niadagSi Setanis progresuli wesebis gamoyenebiT, rogoricaamwkrivul ganoyiereba da budnebSi Setana.vinaidan superfosfatis fosfori niadagis mier advilad STainTqmebada gadadis mcenarisaTvis Zneladmisawvdom Zneladxsnad formaSi, misigamoyenebis koeficienti Zalze dabalia, ar aRemateba 15-25%. igihigroskopuli sasuqia, xasiaTdeba cudi fizikuri TvisebebiT. Zneliasasuqis Semtani manqanebis gamoyeneba, amitom ukeTesia granilirebulisuperfosfatis gamoyeneba.ormagi superfosfati P 2 O 5 -40-46%. igi koncentrirebuli fosforianisasuqia, miiReba fosforitebisa da apatitebis gadamuSavebis Sedegad. masSifosfori ZiriTadad imyofeba erTCanacvlebuli kalciumis fosfatis saxiT.igi gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze, yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturisgasanoyiereblad. Seitaneba niadagis ZiriTadi damuSavebis dros, asevegazafxulze Tesvis win.precifitati P 2 O 5 -27-31%. igi koncentrirebuli sasuqia. miiRebafosforis mJavaze kiris damatebiT. wyalSi ar ixsneba, magram adviladixsneba susti koncentraciis organul da mineralur mJaveebSi.igi Tavisi efeqturobiT ar Camouvardeba superfosfats, piriqiTfuZeebiT aramaZRar niadagebze ukeTes Sedegs iZleva. precifitatixasiaTdeba kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT, misi Sereva SeiZleba azotian dakaliumian sasuqebTan, gamoiyeneba yvela kulturaSi, umTavresad ZiriTadganoyierebaSi.fosforitis fqvili. garda imisa, ro fosforitis fqviliwarmoadgens nedleuls superfosfatis warmoebisaTvis, igi gamoiyenebauSualod rogorc fosforiani sasuqi. sabadoebidan amoRebulifosforiti ifqveba specialur wisqvilSi, rac SeiZleba wvril nawilakebad.fosforitis fqvilSi fosfori Zneladxsnad formaSia. amitom misi sasuqadgamoyeneba yvela tipis niadagSi sasurvel Sedegs ar iZleva. igirekomendirebulia mJave reaqciis dasavleT saqarTvelos wiTelmiwa daewer niadagebze, rac gamxsnelad moqmedebs fosforitSi Semaval fosforze.fosforitis fqvilis efeqturobaze did gavlenas axdens Tanamgzavrisasuqebi. sasurvelia igi gamoyenebul iqnes fiziologiurad mJavesasuqebTan erTad (sulfatamoniumi, qlorkaliumi, da sxv.) fosforitisfqvili superfosfatze gacilebiT met efeqts iZleva dasavleTsaqarTvelos mJave niadageze citrusebis, simindis da bostneulikulturebisaTvis.vivianti. adgilobrivi sasuqia, mas Seicavs torfi, P 2 O 5 -is Semcveloba28%-mdea. TeTri moruxo fxvnilia. haerze iRebs lurj Sefervas. misigamoyeneba SeiZleba yvela tipis niadagze da yvela kulturisaTvis. igiTavisi efeqturobiT uaxlovdeba fosforitis fqvils. msubuqi meqanikuri

Sedgenilobis silnar niadagebze torfovivianitis efeqturoba ufromaRalia, vidre fosforitis fqvilisa.saerTod fosforiani sasuqebis gamoyeneba unda daeyrdnos niadagSimis Semcvelobas da misi sakmao raodenobiT arsebobisas Setanilma sasuqisraodenobam unda uzrunvelyos niadagSi arsebuli donis SenarCuneba. aseveniadagidan fosforis gamotanas da erTeuli produqciis Seqmnaze saWirofosforis danaxarjs.kaliumiani sasuqebikaliumi niadagSi SedarebiT meti raodenobiT moipoveba vidre azotida fosfori.saerTo kaliumis raodenobasa da Tixis Semcvelobas Soris niadagSiarsebobs erTgvari proporciuli damokidebuleba. ramdenadac metianiadagSi Tixis Semcveloba, imdenad metia kaliumi.niadagSi arsebuli kaliumi xsnadobisa da SeTvisebis mixedviT oTxjgufad iyofa: wyalxsnadi, STanTqmuli, adviladxsnadi (mcenarisaTvisSesaTvisebeli) da Znelad xsnadi (Znelad SesaTvisebeli)wyalxsnadi da STanTqmuli kaliumi niadagSi saerTo kaliumisraodenobasTan SedarebiT mcirea, xolo adviladxsnadi bevrad metia.kaliumiani sasuqebi ar gamoiyeneba damlaSebul niadagebze.kaliumiani sasuqebis gamoyenebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba undamieqces niadagSi mis Semcvelobas, romlis gaTvaliswinebiTac undaganisazRvros Sesatani norma, rac damokidebulia mcenaris mier misgamotanaze, erTeuli produqciis Seqmnaze, saWiro raodenobaze da sxv.kaliumiani sasuqebis efeqturoba maRalia yvela kulturaSi dagansakuTrebiT kaliumis moyvarul kulturebze, rogoricaa: kartofili,Tambaqo, Zirxvovani kulturebi da sxv.qlorkaliumi KCL. K 2 O 52,5-60%. TeTri wvrilkristaluri marilia,minarevebis saxiT Seicavs narinjisfer da wiTel kristalebs. xasiaTdebahigroskopulobiT, fiziologiurad mJave sasuqia, gacilebiT naklebiraodenobiT Seicavs qlors, vidre kaliumis marili, gamoiyeneba yvelakulturaSi. qlorisadmi mgrZnobiare kulturebSi (kartofili, Tambaqo,vazi da sxv.) umjobesia misi Setana Tesvis an dargvis win SemodgomiT, anadre gazafxulze, raTa am periodis naleqebis zemoqmedebiT qloriCairecxos qveda fenebSi. mJave niadagebSi misi Setana efeqturiafiziologiurad tute sasuqebTan an fosforitis fqvilTan erTad anniadagis mokirianebis Semdeg.kaliumis marili K 2 O–30-40%. igi TeTri, movardisfro marilia.xasiaTdeba susti higroskopulobiT, naklebad ibelteba. fiziologiuradmJave sasuqia. didi raodenobiT Seicavs qlors. sasuqSi kaliumTan erTadSedis natriumic (2 wil kaliumze 1 wili natriumi).gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze, gacvliTi kaliumis SemcvelobisgaTvaliswinebiT, yvela kulturaSi qlorisadmi mgrZnobiare kulturebisgarda, sadac bevrad efeqturia qlorkaliumis gamoyeneba.kaliumis sulfati K 2 SO 4 . K 2 O-48-52%. igi saukeTeso sasuqia. ruxi feriswvrilkristaluri, arahigroskopiuli marilia, ar ibelteba, xasiaTdebakargi gafantvis unariT. kaliumis sulfati bunebriv pirobebSi sabadoebissaxiT ar moipoveba. igi miiReba qlorkaliumze gogirdis mJavis moqmedebiT.kargi fizikuri Tvisebebis mqone fiziologiurad mJave marilia. gamoiyenebayvela tipis niadagze, yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturis

gasanoyiereblad. misi gamoyeneba mniSvnelovnad zrdis sasoflo sameurneokulturaTa mosavlianobas da aumjobesebs produqciis xarisxs.kaliumis sulfati pirvel rigSi gamoiyeneba qlorisadmi mgrZnobiarekulturebis gasanoyiereblad.kaliumis gvarjila KNO 3 . K 2 O-44%, N-18%. moyviTalo-ruxi feriskristaluri marilia. naklebad higroskopiulia, sustad ibelteba.gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze, yvela kulturaSi. kaliumTan erTadazotis Semcveloba bevrad ganapirobebs mis maRal efeqts.kalimagnezia K 2 SO 4 MgSO 4. K 2 O-28%, MgO-8%. kristaluri moTeTro ferismarilia, yviTeli minarevebiT. xasiaTdeba kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT. aribelteba. warmoeba uSvebs rogorc fxvnilis, ise granilirebuli saxiT.gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze, yvela kulturis gasanoyiereblad.upirvelesad qlorisadmi mgrZnobiare kulturebSi da Mg-iT Raribniadagebze.kalium-magneziuri koncentrati - K 2 O-18,5%, MgO-9%. ruxi ferisgranulirebuli marilia, naklebad higroskopiulia, ar ibelteba. cecxl dafeTqebad saSiSia, ris gamoc daculi unda iqnes Senaxvis wesebi, gamoiyenebayvela kulturaSi, upirvelesad qlorisadmi mgrZnobiare kulturebSi.rTuli da kompleqsuri sasuqebirTuli sasuqebi iyofa or jgufad:1. sasuqebi, romlebic Seicaven or elements (ormagi sasuqebi): azotsada fosfors, azotsa da kaliums, fosforsa da kaliums. aseTsasuqebs ormagi ewodeba.2. sasuqebi, romlebic Seicavs azots, fosfors da kaliums. aseTsasuqebs sammagi ewodeba.rTuli sasuqebi maRali procentuli Semcvelobis sasuqebia. maTigamoyeneba Zalze efeqturia rogorc sasoflo sameurneo kulturaTamosavlianobis gadidebis da xarisxis gaumjobesebis, ise ekonomikuriTvalsazrisiT. rameTu bevrad naklebia misi transportirebis, Senaxvis,niadagSi Setanis normebi da danaxarjebi.rTuli sasuqebi SeiZleba aseve iyos kompleqsuri, romlebicmakroelementebTan erTad Seicaven mikroelementebs sxvadasxva procentuliSemcvelobiT.amofosi NH 4 H 2 PO 4 . N-10-12%, P 2 O 5 -46-52%. igi erTCanacvlebuli amoniumisfosfatia. TiTqmis ar Seicavs balasts. xasiaTdeba kargi fizikuriTvisebebiT, Tanabari gafantvis unariT, nakleb higroskopulia, kargiSenaxvis pirobebSi ar ibelteba. niadagSi Seitaneba sasuqebis SemtaniCveulebrivi teqnikiT. sakvebi elementebi mcenaris mier advilad SeiTviseba.gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze, yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturaSi.niadagSi Setanis norma ganisazRvreba mcenareTa biologiuriTaviseburebebis da niadagis fosforiT uzrunvelyofis da yvela impirobebis Sesabamisad, rac fosforiani sasuqis gamoyenebaSi arisgaTvaliswinebuli.Seitaneba ZiriTadad ganoyierebaSi, aseve Tesvis an dargvis dros.Ppolifoska N-8%, P 2 O 5 - 24%, K 2 O–24%. Kkargi fizikuri Tvisebebis rTulisasuqia. Mmcired higroskopulia, xasiaTdeba gafantvis kargi unariT,gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad ganoyierebaSi, Tesviswina damuSavebis dros,mwkrivul ganoyierebaSi da gamokvebaSi.

diamofosiNN(N H 4 )2HPO 4. N-18%, P 2 O 5 -50%. rTul sasuqebs Soris igiyvelaze koncentrirebuli sasuqia. igi miiReba Tavisufali fosforismJavas amiakiT gajerebis Sedegad. ar Seicavs balasts. gamoiyeneba yvelakulturaSi Tesvisa da dargvis win. azotis is raodenoba, romelicdiamofosSia ganapirobebs sawyis etapze mcenaris azotze moTxovnilebisdakmayofilebas.azotis moyvaruli kulturebisaTvis aucilebelia martivi azotianisasuqis damateba gamokvebaSi.nitroamofosi N-23%, P 2 O 5 -23%. kargi fizikuri Tvisebebis mqone TeTrimonacisfro marilia. mcired higroskopulia, xasiaTdeba kargi gafantvisunariT. gamoiyeneba rogorc ZiriTad ganoyierebaSi, ise mcenareTagamokvebaSi.karboamofoska N-20%, P 2 O 5- 20% da K 2 O-20%. igi azots Seicavs amidurida amiakuri formiT. masSi Semavali fosforisa da kaliumis mTeliraodenoba wyalSi kargad xsnadia.karboamofoskas warmoebis teqnologia sakvebi elementebis sasurveliSefardebis sasuqis gamoSvebis saSualebas iZleva, rasac didi mniSvnelobaaqvs soflis meurneobisaTvis. teqnologiur procesSi kaliumis marilebisdamatebis gareSe miiReba karboamofosi, romelSic azotis da fosforisSemcveloba 30- 30%-ia.amonizirebuli superfosfati.igi Seicavs N-8%, P 2 O 5 -30%. miiReba martivi superfosfatis amoniakiTgaJRenTvis gziT. am SemTxvevaSi sasuqSi mcirdeba Tavisufali mJava dahigroskopuloba, umjobesdeba sasuqis fizikuri Tvisebebi. igimaRalefeqturi sasuqia yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturisaTvis.amonizirebuli superfosfati mTlianad SesaTvisebelia mcenarisaTvis.magram, igi sakmarisi ar aris mcenaris moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad.amitom es sasuqi gamoiyeneba Tesvis dros, rodesac mcenaris moTxovnilebaazotis mimarT didi ar aris. sxva SemTxvevaSi am sasuqis gamoyenebisassaWiroa damatebiT azotiani sasuqis Setana im doziT, rac saWiroamcenarisaTvis. amonizirebuli superfosfati Seitaneba niadagissagazafxulo da saSemodgomo damuSavebisas, mwkrivul ganoyierebaSi. igixels uwyobs fesvTa sisitemis ganviTarebas, aCqarebs nayofisTanabarzomier momwifebas. mniSvnelovnad aferxebs radionuklidebisgadasvlas produqciaSi (sadac aRiniSneba niadagis dabinZurebaradionuklidebiT).polifosfatebi.maRalkoncentrirebuli kompleqsuri sasuqebia. P 2 O 5 -is Semcveloba 70-80%-mdea. polifosfatebis warmoebisaTvis sawyis nedleulspolifosformJavas nazavi warmoadgens.polifosfatebis struqtura saSualebas iZleva maT molekulaSierTdroulad CaerTos ramodenime sakvebi elementi: azoti, kaliumi,kalciumi da mikroelementebi. mikroelementebi Seyvana polifosfatebisstruqturaSi metad efeqturi RonisZiebaa, rac uzrunvelyofs Raribniadagebze deficitis Sevsebas. niadagSi polifosfatebi ufro nelawarmoqmnis rkinis, aluminis da manganumis Zneladxsnad fosfatebs, vidreorTofosfatebi.niadagSi polifosfatebis moZraoba naklebia, vidre orTofosfatebis.gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa amoniumis polifosfati. igi Seicavs 15%azots da 60% P 2 O 5 .masze amoniumis gvarjilas da qlorkaliumis damatebiT mzaddebasammagi sasuqi, romelic Seicavs 12% azots, 24% P 2 O 5 da 24% K 2 O.

efeqturi sasuqia yvela tipis niadagze, yvela sasoflo sameurneokulturaSi.diamofoska. granulirebuli rTuli sasuqia. Seicavs N-10%, P 2 O 5 -26%, K 2 O-26%. arahigroskopulia, ar ibelteba, aqvs kargi gafantvis unari. SeiZlebaSereva sxva sasuqebTan. gamoiyeneba yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturaSi,niadagis ZiriTad da mwkrivul ganoyierebaSi, gamokvebaSi. Setanis normaa200-350kg/ha.kaliumis metafosfati. P-60,13%, K 2 O-39,8%. igi ubalasto sasuqia.mniSvnelovnad zrdis sasoflo sameurneo kulturaTa mosavlianobas.umetesad gamoiyeneba kaliumis moyvarul kulturebSi. teqnologiismixedviT igi SeiZleba iyos wyalSi xsnadi, aseve wyalSi ararxsnadi, magramsusti koncentraciis mJaveebSi ixsneba da aseT SemTxvevaSi igi polimeria.kaliumis gvarjila KNO 3 . N-13%, K 2 O-45%. igi rTul sasuqs miekuTvneba,mcirea balasti. xasiaTdeba kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT. igi saukeTesosasuqia iseTi kulturebisaTvis, romlebic moiTxoven kaliums dauaryofiTad reagirebs qloris mimarT. am sasuqSi azotisa da kaliumsSoris Sefardeba didi diapazoniT xasiaTdeba – 1:3,5. amitom misigamoyenebisas aucilebelia azotiani sasuqis damateba.nitroamofoska NPK 13/19/19.rTuli maRalefeqturi sasuqia. gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze, yvelasasoflo sameurneo kulturaSi niadagis ZiriTadi damuSavebis drosmwkrivul ganoyierebaSi da gamokvebaSi vegetaciis periodSi, rogorc Ria,ise daxurul gruntSi. SeiZleba misi Sereva sxvadasxva sasuqebTan.hidrokompleqsi. granulirebuli kompleqsuri sasuqia magniumiT,gogirdiTa da mikroelementebiT.am sasuqis gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs gogirdis, magniumisa da borisdeficitis Tavidan acilebas, romelsac xSirad adgili aqvsmikroelemntebis gareSe Cveulebrivi an kompleqsuri sasuqebiT mcenareTagamokvebisas.igi gamoiyeneba rogorc Ria, ise daxurul gruntSi. mTlianad xsnispesticidebis gamoyenebiT gamowveul stress kartofilsa da bostneulSi,risTvisac sakmarisia 2-3 kg/h. hidrokompleqsi Seitaneba Tesvisas.lokalurad mwkrivSi, misi Setanis normaa 200-300 kg/h.Zalian efeqturia saTburebSi mcenareTa gamokvebisaTvis nayofiswarmoqmnis intensiur periodSi. xeliT Setanisas doza Seadgens 15-20 gr/m 2,mTeli vegetaciis periodSi 2-3-jer.hidrokompleqsis upiratesobaa:_ balansirebuli Semadgenloba:_ yvela elementi kargad xsnadia da swrafad SeiTviseba mcenarismier;_ fosfatebis sami forma (swrafad, neladxsnadi fosfatebi dapolifosfatebi) uzrunvelyofs mcenares fosforiT didi xnisganmavlobaSi;_ ar Seicavs qloridebs;_ granulebis erTgvarovani zomis gamo Tanabrad nawildeba niadagiszedapirze (90% granulebis diametris zoma 2-4 mm)hidrokompleqsis TiToeuli granuli Seicavs mcenarisaTvis saWiromakro da mikroelementebs: N-12,4%, P 2 O 5 -11,4%, K 2 O-17,7%, MgO-2,65%, S-8,0%,Fe-0,20%, Zn- 0,02%, Mn-0,02%, B-0,015%.tenso-Fe. rkinis Semcveloba 6%. maRalefeqturi saSualebaa rkinisdeficitis Tavidan asacileblad yvela tipis niadagze.tenso-Fe-is upiratesobaa:

_ swrafad aRkveTs rkinis deficitiT gamowveul qlorozs:_ xasiaTdeba xangrZlivi moqmedebiT;_ inarCunebs stabilurobas da maRal efeqts PH-is farTe diapazonispirobebSi 4,0_9,5;_ swrafad da mTlianad ixsneba wyalSi;_ gamodis mikrogranulis formiT;_ rkinis aTvisebis maRali unari, 80%-ze meti;_ SeiZleba Sereva xsnad mineralur sasiqebTan da Seitaneba niadagSirwyvis sxvadasxva sistemebSi:_ SeTavsebadia mcenareTa dacvis bevr saSualebasTan.albatrosi. maRalefeqturi xsnadi kompleqsuri sasuqia kalciumisxelatiT da mikroelementebiT. saukeTeso sasuqia fesvgareSegamokvebisaTvis.albatrosi gamoirCeva Semdegi upiratesobiT:_ sakvebi elementebis maRali Semcveloba (35-72%);_ sakvebi elementebis balansirebuli SeTanawyoba saSualebas iZlevamcenareTa zrdis optimizaciis da uzrunvelyofs produqciis xarisxisgaumjobesebas;_ azotis karbamidis formaSi arseboba uzrunvelyofs mis gamoyenebasmcenareTa fesvgareSe gamokvebisaTvis;_ kalciumis xelaturi forma, romelic aZlierebs mcenaris gamZleobasdaavadebebisa da mavneblebis mimarT;_ albatrosis ganzavebuli xsnari SeiZleba Seerios kalciumis gvarjilisxsnars;_ ar Seicavs natriumisa da qloris ionebs.albatrosis Semadgenloba: N-10-14%, P 2 O 5 -52%, K 2 O-10-34%, MgO-0,7-1,0%, B-0,02%, Mo-0,005%, Cu- 0,02%, Fe-0,15%, Mn-0,10%, Zn-0,02%, Ca-0,10%.fesvgareSe gamokvebisaTvis gamoiyeneba 0,15-0,2%-iani xsnari (1,2-2,0 gr/l).fesvgareSe gamokveba unda Caatrdes dilis an saRamos saaTebSimoRrublul amindSi.nitrabori – kalciumis gvarjila boriT. N-15,5%, CaO-26%, B-0,2%.gamoirCeva maRali da stabuluri efeqtiT. zrdis mosavlianobas,aumjobesebs produqciis xarisxs da nayofis gemovnebiT Tvisebebs. icavsmcenareebs boris da kalciumis naklebobiT gamowveuli daavadebebisagan.mniSvnelovnad aumjobesebs niadagis struqturas, amcirebs damlaSebisprocess. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia mJave niadagebze.hidrokompleqsis gamoyenebiT mcenare uzrunvelyofilia yvelaaucilebeli sakvebi elementiT. Seitaneba Tanabrad mTel farTobze, risSemdeg igi unda CakeTdes niadagSi.nitraboris niadagSi Setanis normebia: bostneul kulturebSi 2-3kg/100m2,kartofilSi _ 1-2 kg/100m2, baRCeul kulturebSi 2,5-4,0 kg/100m2, venaxSi _0,2-0,5kg/Zirze, xexilis baRebSi _ 0,5-1,0 kg/xeze.gamokveba rekomendirebulia or etapad: pirveli _ Tesvisa da dargvisdros da meore _ yvavilobis win.praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis: 1 Cais kovzi iwonis 10 gr. 1sufris kovzi –25 gr. 1 Wiqa – 250 gr.tenso-kokteili _ unikaluri sasuqia mikroelementebis deficitiskompesaciisaTvis. is swrafad da mTlianad ixsneba wyalSi. SeTavsebadiawyalSi xsnad sxva sasuqebTan, pesticidebTan. gamoiyeneba fesvgareSegamokvebaSi, dawvimebiT da wveTovan rwyvaSi, Teslis Sesawamlad. qimiuradsufTa nivTierebaa, Semadgenloba mTlianad pasuxobs mcenaris bunebrivmoTxovnebs.

gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebi:1. aZlierebs daavadebebisa da araxelsayreli klimaturi pirobebismimarT mcenareTa winaaRmdegobis unars.2. uzrunvelyofs mcenareTa balansirebul kvebas mikroelementebiT.Teslis Sesawamlad gamoiyeneba 100-150 gr erT tonaze.Semadgenloba:B – 0,52%, Ca – 2,57%, Cu – 0,53%, Fe – 2,10%, Mn – 2,575, Mo – 0,13%, Zn – 0,53%.xexilis baRebSi fesvgareSe gamokvebaSi gamoiyeneba 1,2-2,0 kg/h.morwyvasTan erTad –10 kg/h 250 litr wyalSi. bostneulSi – 0,5-1,0 kg/hmorwyvisas 150 litr wyalSi. fesvgareSe gamokvebisaTvis tensokokteilisaRniSnuli raodenoba ixsneba 800-1000 litr wyalSi.kristaloni. kompleqsuri sasuqia mikroelementebiT. igi swrafad damTlianad ixsneba wyalSi.gamoiyeneba yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturaSi rogorc mcenarezepirdapiri SesxurebiT aqtiuri vegetaciis periodSi, ise sairigaciosistemaSi, wveTovan da dawvimebiT morwyvaSi. mavnebel-daavadebaTasawinaaRmdegod SesaZlebelia misi Sereva Teslis Sesawaml preparatebTan.Serevis normaa 100-150gr erT tona Teslze.kristaloni aneitralebs stres-faqtorebis uaryofiT gavlenas,aZlierebs mcenareTa kvebas, rac azot-fosfor-kaliumiani sasuqebisefeqturobis amaRlebis, mosavlianobis gazrdisa da xarisxisgaumjobesebis myari garantiaa.kristaloni Tavisi moqmedebis xasiaTis mixedviT sxvadasxvaa, racgamoirCeva ferebiT, romelTa Semadgenloba procentobiT Seadgens:N P 2 O 5 K 2 O MgO S pHspecialuri 18 18 18 3 2 4,5kristaloniyviTeli 13 40 13 _ _ 4,3wiTeli 12 12 36 1 1 5,0TeTri 15 5 30 3 2 5,4cisferi 19 6 20 3 3 4,6iasamnisferi 20 8 8 2 12 3,8yavisferi 3 11 38 4 11 3,1narinjisferi 6 12 36 3 8 3,2laJvardisferi 20 8 8 2 12 4,6konkretuli sasoflo sameurneo kulturebisaTvis aq dasaxelebulikristaloni gamoiyeneba fazebis mixedviT sxvadasxva vadaSi.

saqarTvelos pirobebSi mikrosasuqebis gamoyeneba sakmaod did efeqtsiZleva. aucilebelia misi niadagSi Setana agroqimiuri gamokvlevis damikroelementebis Semcvelobis dadgenis Semdeg sasoflo sameurneokulturaTa biologiur TaviseburebaTa, reliefis da bunebrivi sasoflosameurneo zonebis gaTvaliswinebiT.amJamad soflis meurneobaSi mikroelementebis gamoyeneba xdeba rogorcmikrosasuqebis, ise rTuli sasuqebis saxiT. bazarze aris amofosi TuTiiT,nitroamofosi boriT, amofoska boriT, kalciumis gvarjila boriT(nitrabori), azofoska boriT, granulirebuli ormagi superfosfati boriTda molibdeniT, spilenZis sulfati.mikrosasuqad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva qimiuri marilebi, saxeldobr:boris mJava _17%, boraki _11,2%, TuTiis sulfati _ 21,5-22,5%, molibdenmJava amoniumi _ 52%, kobaltis sulfati _ 22,8%, TuTiis qloridi _ 48%.saukeTesoa iseTi sasuqebis gamoyeneba, romlebic Seicaven rogorcmakro, ise mikroelementebs:vuqsal mikroplanti _ kompleqsuri sasuqia. Seicavs N-5%, K 2 O- 10%,MgO-3%, S-5,2%, B-0,3%, Cu-0,5%, Fe-1,0%, Mn-1,5%, Mo-0,01%, Zn-1,0%.momwvano-moyavisfro kristaluri suspenziaa, sakvebi nivTierebebikargad ixsneba wyalSi, susti mJave reaqciis. ar Seicavs toqsikurelementebs da mZime liTonebs. gamoiyeneba venaxebSi, xexilis baRebSi,citrusebSi, erTwlian kulturebSi foTlovan gamokvebaSi, romlissasurveli vadaa yvavilobamde da yvavilobis Semdeg.vuqsal makromiqsi _ kompleqsuri kristaluri suspenziaa. Seicavs N-16%,P 2 O 5 _16% , K 2 O- 12%, S-1%, B-0,02%, Cu-0,05%, Fe-0,1%, Mn-0,05%, Mo-0,001%, Zn-0,05%.ar SeiZleba Sereva Ca-is da Mg-is Semcevel sasuqebTan da araxelaturmikroelementebTan, dasaSvebi donis farglebSia toqsiuri elementebis damZine liTonebis Semcveloba. gamoiyeneba mravalwlian da erTwliankulturebSi.vuqsal boroni _ kristaluri suspenziaa, mwvane feris kompleqsurisasuqia. Secavs N- 8%, P 2 O 5 -10%, B-7%, Cu-0,05%, Fe-0,10%, Mn-0,05%, Mo-0,001%,Zn-0,05%, ekologiurad usafrTxo sasuqia –gamoiyeneba erTwlian damravalwlian kulturebSi foTlovan gamokvebaSi.vuqsal kalciumi - mwvane feris wyalSi xsnadi kristaluri suspenziaa,Secavs N- 10%, CaO-15 %, Mg-2%, B -0,05%, Cu-0,04%, Fe-0,05%, Mn-0,1%, Mo-0,001%,Zn-0,02%. gamoiyeneba mravalwlian da erTwlian kulturebSi foTlovangamokvebeSi vuqsalis oTxive saxis sasuqi germanuli warmoebisaa daSesabameba evrokavSiris direqtivebs.derlius 8-20-30 da derlius 8-22-27granulirebuli kompleqsuri monacrisfro marilia. Seicavs: N-8%, P 2 O 5 -20%,K 2 O -30% S-3,1%, Zn-0,01%xasiaTdeba kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT.rekomendirebulia misi gamoyenebabostneulSi, kartofilSi, xorbalSi, simindSi, sxva erTwlian kulturebSi,aseve mravalwlian nirgavebSi. Setanis normaa 200-400kg/ha. sasuqis Setanisoptimaluri vdaa: niadagis ZiriTadi da sagazafxulo damuSavebis periodi,aseve Tesvis an dargvis win. vinaidan sasuqebsi azotis Semcveloba dabalia,aucilebelia gazafxulze mcenareTa azotovani sasuqebiT damatebitigamokveba.`derlius 8-20-30 da derlius 8-22-27~ litvuri warmoebis sasuqebia,registrirebulia evrokavSiris qvynebSi.

master 20-20-20. Seicavs N- 20%, P 2 O 5 -20%, K 2 O -20%, MgO-0,03%, B -0,02%, Fe-0,07%, Mn-0,03%, Zn-0,01%, Cu-0,005. kompleqsuri TeTri feris sasuqia. naklebhigroskopulia, Sebeltvis xarisxi dabalia, wyalSi kargad ixsneba.gamoiyeneba erTwlian da mravalwlian kulturebSi, rogorc fesgareSegamokvebaSi, ise niadagSi SetaniT.master 18-18-18. Seicavs N- 18%, P 2 O 5 -18%, K 2 O -18%, Mg- 3,0%, S-6,0%, B-0,02%,Cu-0,005%, Fe-0,07%, Mn-0,03%, Zn-0,01%. kompleqsuri usuno TeTri feriswyalSi xsnadi mikrokristalebia. ekologiurad usafrTxo sasuqia.gamoiyeneba yvela kulturaSi.`masteris~ tipis orive sasuqi italiuri warmoebisaa, registrirebuliaevrokavSiris yvela qveyanaSi, aseve dsT-sqveynebSi.arapirdapri sasuqebi.arapirdapiria is sasuqebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen niadagisfizikur, qimiur, fizikur-qimiur da biologiur Tvisebebze, axdenenniadagSi sakvebi elementebis mobilizirebas, aumjobeseben mcenaris zrdaganviTarebispirobebs, zrdian sasoflo sameurneo kulturaTamosavlianobas.arapirdapiri moqmedebis sasuqebia zogierTi agromadneulebi,mrewvelobis anarCenebikirqva. CaO+ MgO 50-52%.moTeTro, monacisfro agromadneulia, bunebriv pirobebSimoipoveba dasvleT saqarTvelos samegrelos da imereTis regionebSi.gamoyenebamde unda daifqvas.tkili. (mergeli) CaO+ MgO 14-17%.Tixanarevi kiria, Seicavs gogirdsac, bunebriv pirobebSi sxvadsxvaSeferilobis rbili qania (lurji, nacrisferi, mowiTalo) ar saWiroebsdafqvas.dilomitis fqvili CaO+ MgO 52%-mde.Zlier waagavs kirqvas, magram ufro magaria, gamoyenebis winsaWiroebs dafqvas.carci CaO+ MgO 56%-mde.TeTri feris SedarebiT rbili qania. advilad ifqveba.serpentiniti MgO 35,6%.moTeTro monacisfro kristaluri masaa, xasiaTdeba kargi gafantvisunariT.TabaSiri.igi bunebriv pirobebSi moipoveba sabadoebis saxiT da didi gamoyenebaaqvs samSeneblo da qimiur mrewvelobSi.TabaSiri soflis meurneobSi gamoiyeneba ori mizniT: kalciumiT dagogirdiT niadagis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, meore mizani aris bicobiniadagebis qimiuri melioracia, romlis drosac mSTanTqav kompleqsSiarsebul natriums Caenacvleba kalciumis ionebi, rac uzrunvelyofsstruqturis da fizikuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebas da ares reaqciisSecvlas mcenarisaTvis sasurveli optimaluri reaqciisaken, risSedegadac umjobesdeba niadgis nayofiereba da izrdeba sasoflosameurneo kulturaTa mosavlianoba. TabaSiris moqmedebis vadaa 5-6 weli.

TabaSiris Setanis norma damokidebulia mSTanTqav kompleqsSinatriumis raodenobaze.niadagis qimiuri melioraciis mizniT, TabaSiris Setanis Semdegaucilebelia organuli sasuqebis Setana da mravalwliani balaxebisTesva.Yyvela zemoTxsenebuli agromadneulebi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba mJaveniadagebze da iZleva saukeTeso Sedegs. Aaneitralebs aris reaqcias,amcirebs moZravi aluminis Semcvelobas. Ca-is mier xdeba mSTanTqavikompleqsidan wyalbadionebis gamodevna. Mmeliorantebis Setanis normebisdadgena xdeba niadgis agroqimiuri gamokvlevis da upirvelesad gacvliTimJavianobis monacemebis safuZvelze. saSualo dozad ki miiCneva 5-10 tonaheqtarze, Aimis mixedviT Tu romeli melioranti gamoiyeneba.ceolitimuqi feris kristaluri bunebrivi naerTia. Seicavs: CaO - 4,4-7,9%, MgO –0,5-1,8%,Fe 2 O 3 - 1-4%, Al 2 O 3 -12-14%, K 2 O-0,4-1,2%. axasiaTebs kargi fizikuriTvisebebi da kargi gafantvis unari, gamoiyeneba rogorc calke, ise sxvasasuqebTan erTad: aumjobesebs niadagis fizikur-qimiur Tvisebebs, zrdisniadagis STanTqmis tevadobas, tenis SenarCunebis unars.baqteruli sasuqebi.niadagis nayofierebis gadidebisaTvis udidisi mniSvneloba aqvsmikroorganizmebs, romlebic aumjobeseben niadagis struqturas, misfizikur, qimiur da biologiur Tvisebebs, iwveven mcenarisaTvis saWiroSesaTvisebeli formis sakvebi nivTierebebis dagrovebas niadagSi.miwaTmoqmedebisaTvis sasargeblo mikroorganizmebis raodenobisgazrdis da niadagSi mcxovrebi sxva mikroorganizmebis cxovelmyofelobisgaZlierebis saSualeba baqteriuli sasuqebis gamoyenebaa.nitragini.uZvelesi droidan cnobilia, rom parkosani mcenareebi: ionja,samyura, barda, cercvela, soia, lobio da sxva niadags amdidreben azotiT.erTi heqtari parkosnebis naTesi koJris baqteriebis meSveobiT 100-200 kgazots tovebs niadagSi. es is raodenobaa, romelsac 20-40 tona nakeliSeicavs. nitragini mzaddeba rogorc qarxnuli wesiT, ise adgilobrivadmsxvili vardisferi koJrebisagan da specialuri teqnologiis dacviTmiiReba baqteriuli sasuqi. dReisaTvis arsebobs koJris baqteriebis 16saxeoba, romlebic sxvadsxva mcenareebze saxldeba.nitragini niadagSi Seitaneba Tesvis dros TeslTan erTad. nitraginipirvel rigSi gamoiyeneba im parkosnebisaTvis, romlebic pirvelad iTesebanakveTebze.nitraginis efeqtianobaze gavlenas axdens niadagSi arsebuliorganuli nivTierebebi, rac metia igi, miT metia sasuqis efeqtianoba.azotobaqterini.garda koJrisa, niadagSi moipoveba sxva baqteriebic, romelTac aqvTatmosferodan Tavisufali azotis SeTvisebis unari. am mxriv metadsainteresoa azotobaqterini.arsebobs azotobaqterinis ramodenime saxeoba, romlebicerTmaneTisagan feriT gansxvavdebian.

azotobaqterini haeridan sagrZnobi raodenobis azots iTvisebs.saSualod erT heqtarze 30-40 kg azots agrovebs.igi gamoiyeneba TiTqmis yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturaSi.marcvleul, teqnikur da bostneul kulturebSi, saWiroa 3kg erT heqtarze,xolo kartofilis SemTxvevaSi _ 6kg.marcvleul da bostneul kulturebSi azotobaqterinis Setanawarmoebs TeslTan erTad. amisaTvis Tesli unda dainamos, raTaazotobaqterini kargad miekras zed. yovel 30-40-kg Tesls asxamen erTlitr wyals da xis niCbiT kargad aireva da 3kg-is doziT uSualod Tesviswin Seereva 1 heqtarisaTvis saWiro Tesls, romlis daTesvis saukaeTesoperiodia dila an saRamo.azotobaqterinis Setana SeiZleba budnaSic, risTvisac igi winaswaraireva 100-200kg sabostne niadagSi da TiToeul budnaSi Caiyreba 5-10gr-mde.azotobaqterinis efeqtianoba dadasturebulia uamravi cdebiTa dagamokvlevebiT. pomidoris mosavlinoba izrdeba 20%-iT, kombostosmosavlianoba _ 20-25%-iT, kartofilis _ 30%-mde.azotobaqterinis efeqtianoba miT ufro maRalia, ramdenadac daculiamisi gamoyenebis yvela wesi.fosforbaqterini.niadagSi fosfori mineralur da organul SenaerTebSi imyofeba. erTheqtar saxnav fenaSi saerTo fosforis raodenoba 3-dan 9 tonamde aRwevs.miuxedavad amisa, aseT niadagebze mcenare xSirad fosforis naklebobasganicdis, rac imiT aixsneba, rom igi mcenarisaTvis SeuTvisebel formaSiada saWiroa misi gardaqmna.organuli SenaerTebis fosforis mineralizacia niadagSigansakuTrebuli jgufis mikroorganizmebis cxovelmyofelobis Sedegia,romlebic Slian organul SenaerTebs da warmoSoben fosformJavas,romelic uerTdeba niadagSi arsebul kaTionebs da warmoSobenmcenarisaTvis rogorc ZneladSesaTvisebel, ise adviladSesaTvisebelmarilebs, ris Sedegadac umjobesdeba mcenaris kveba fosforiT.fosforbaqterini fosforis Semcveli organuli nivTierebebisdamSleli baqteriaa. organuli nivTierebebiT mdidar niadagSifosforbaqterinis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovnad zrdis mosavlianobas.fosforbaqtrini niadagSi Seitaneba Tesvis dros TeslTan erTad. Teslisbaqterizacia xdeba mzisagan dacul adgilas, CrdilSi daTesvamde 2-3saaTiT adre.fosforbaqterini maRal Sedegs iZleva torfian, neSompalakarbonatul, kordian-eweri tipis da Savmiwa niadagebSi. organulinivTierebebiT Rarib niadagebze igi gamoyenebuli unda iqnes organulisasuqebis Setanis Semdeg an mwvane sasuqebis Caxvnisas.warmoebis narCenebisoflis meurneobaSi sasoflo sameurneo kulturaTagasanoyiereblad, aseve niadagis gaumjobesebisa da nayofierebisasamaRleblad gamoiyeneba mrewvelobis sxvadasxva narCenebi, romelTaefeqturoba da gamoyenebis wesebi Seswavlilia samecniero kvleviTi

institutebis mier, SemuSavebulia Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi dareglamentebi.es narCenebi Seicaven mcenarisaTvis aucilebel sakveb elementebs daTavisi SemadgenlobiT dadebiTad moqmedeben niadagis fizikur-qimiurTvisebebze, ares reaqciaze.Tomasis wida.igi miiReba fosforis Semcveli Tujis foladad da rkinadgadamuSavebis Semdeg.cnobilia, rom rkinisa da foladis xarisxze uaryofiTad moqmedebsmaTSi fosforis Semcvelebi. amitom SemuSavebuli axali teqnologiiTTujis foladad da rkinad gadadnobisas narCen widaSi didi raodenobiTrCeba fosfori. Tujis gadamuSavebis teqnologia SeimuSava inJinermaTomasma.Tomasis wida saSualod Seicavs 17,2% _ P 2 O 5 , 43,3% _ MgO, 3,8% _ Fe 2 O 3 ,2,04% _ Al 2 O 3 , 3,9% _ MnO, 0,5% _ S, 7,9% _ SiO 2 .Tomasis wida kargi fizikuri Tvisebebis mqone sasuqia. misi gamoyenebaumjobesia fuZeebiT aramaZRar mJave niadagebze.manganumis Slami.manganumis Slami WiaTuris Savi qvis warmoebis narCenia. igi fxvieriSavi feris masaa. masSi Mn Semcveloba 9-30%-is farglebSia.gamoyenebuli unda iqnes manganumis Semcvelobaze niadagebisagroqimiur gamokvlevis monacemebis safuZvelze. miuxedavad imisa, rommasSi Mn sakamod didi raodenobiTaa, igi mcenarisaTvis ZneladSesaTvisebel formaSi imyofeba. amitom niadagis gamokvlevis monacemebisgaTvaliswinebiT misi niadagSi Setanis norma didia da Sesabamisadmoqmedebis vadac sakamaod xangrZlivia.cementis mtveri.igi cementis qarxnis narCenia, romlis Semadgenloba Semdegia: Al 2 O 3 _4,5%, Fe 2 O 3 _ 8,8,%, SiO 2 (xsnadi) _ 2,6%, P 2 O 5 _ 0,005%, K 2 O _ 4,3%, MgO _ 3,5%, CaO _46,8%, Mn _ 0,04%, B _ 0,003%, Zn _ 0,02%. es monacemebi axasiaTebT rogorcrusTavis, ise kaspis cementis qarxanaSi miRebul narCens- cementis mtvers.igi gamoiyeneba mJave niadagebze yvela kulturaSi, gansakuTrebiTqloris moZule mcenareebSi.cementis mtveris niadagSi SetaniT uzrunvelyofili iqneba mcenarismoTxovnileba kalciumze, magniumze, manganumze, gogirdze, nawilobriv _borze, spilenZze, TuTiaze (gamomdinare niadagSi misi Semcvelobidan damcenaris moTxovnilebidan)defekaciuri talaxi.igi Saqris qarxnis narCenia. Seicavs CaO _ 36,7%, MgO _ 4,4%, P 2 O 5 _0,54%, N _ 0,32%, K 2 O _ 0,1%, organuli nivTiereba 13,3%. gamoiyenebayovelgvari dafqvisa da gamowvis gareSe. gamoiyeneba mJave da bicobiniadagebis qimiuri melioraciisaTvis.bicob niadagebSi xdeba Ca-is mier mSTanTqavi kompleqsidan natriumisgamoZeveba, xolo mJave niadagebSi wyalbadionebis Canacvleba kalciumiT.misi Setanis saSualo normaa 5-10 tona heqtarze, konkretulipirobebisaTvis norma ganisazRvreba mJave niadagebSi gacvliTi mJavianobis,xolo bicob niadagebSi STanTqmuli natriumis raodenobis mixedviT.

abreSumis warmoebis narCeni.igi umTavresad Sedgeba abreSumis Wiebisagan, romelic Seicavs azots_ 9,11%, P 2 O 5 _ 2,2-2,6%, wyals _ 10-15%. sasuqis doza iangariSeba azotisSemcvelobis mixedviT. igi niadagSi Seitaneba Tesvamde.Tambaqos mrewvelobis narCeniTambaqos fabrikebSi didi raodenobiT grovdeba Tambaqos mtveri,wengos mtveri, Tambaqos foTlis yunwebi. maTi qimiuri SemadgenlbaSemdegia:N% P 2 O 5% K 2 O%Tambaqos mtveri 2,5 0,38 -wengos mtveri 2,6 0,86 3,5-4,2foTlis yunwebis narCenebi 1,7 _ _Rvinis warmoebis narCeni – barda (Txle)Rvinis warmoebis narCeni warmoadgens saukeTeso sasuqs. igi Seicavsorganul nivTierebas, aseve azots 0,85%-mde., P 2 O 5 _ o,55%, K 2 O _ 0,63%-mde daniadagSi Seitaneba winaswarigadamuSavebis gareSe. doza iangariSeba azotismaCveneblis mixedviT. misi Setanis normaa 12-15 tonamde heqtarze, Setanisoptimaluri vadaa niadagis saSemodgomo-sazamTro damuSavebis periodi.kofeinis qarxnis narCeni.Cais nasxlavidan kofeinis gamoyofis Semdeg didi raodenobiTgrovdeba narCeni, romelic Seicavs 3,5% azots, 1,03% _ P 2 O 5 da 82%-mdeorganul nivTierebas.kofeinis qarxnis narCeni unda dakompostdes fosforitis fqvilTanan kirTan erTad: 1 tona narCens emateba 50kg fosforitis fqvili, 10kgdafqvili kiri da 10-15 vedro nakelis wunwuxi. dakomposteba grZeldeba 6Tve.igi gamoiyeneba yvela kulturis gasanoyiereblad, gansakuTrebiT Caisa dacitrusovanTa kulturebSi.zeTis saxdeli qarxnis narCenebizeTis gamoxdis Semdeg narCenebis saxiT miiReba koptoni. abusalaTisTeslidan da tungos nayofebidan zeTis gamoxdis Semdeg miRebuli koptonicxovelebis sakvebad uvargisia. maTi winaswari dakompostebis Semdeg isinisaukeTeso sasuqs warmoadgenen. abusalaTinis koptoni Seicavs 7%-mdeazots, P 2 O 5 -1,7% da K 2 O-0,7%. tungis koptoni_0,85% azots. aseve tungosqarxanaSi grovdeba nayofis naWuWi, romlis dakompostebis Semdeg miiRebasaukeTeso xarisxis organuli sasuqi, romelic Tavisi efeqturobiT arCamouvardeba nakels. tungos zeTis saxdeli qarxnis orive narCeni saWiroawinaswar dakompostdes fosforitis fqvilTan da wunwuxTan 6 TvisganmavlobaSi. gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze yvela kulturisaTvis.Tevzis mrewvelobis narCenebiTevzidan cximis gamoclis Semdeg narCeni organuli nivTierebebiSreba, Semdeg ifqveba da gamoiyeneba sasuqad.Tevzis warmoebis narCeni Seicavs 10-11% azots, 7-8% _ P 2 O 5 . isniadagSi Seitaneba yovelgvari winaswari kompostirebis gareSe Tesvamde 10-15 dRiT adre

organuli sasuqebiniadagis fizikuri, qimiuri, biologiuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebisaTvisda mcenareTa sakvebi elementebiT uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi mniSvnelovaniadgili ukavia organul sasuqebs.organul sasuqSi didi raodenobiT Sedis organuli nivTiereba,romlis moneralizaciis Semdeg maSi arsebuli sakvebi elementebi gadadismcenarisaTvis advilad SesaTvisebel formaSi.organuli sasuqebi Seucvlelia mineraluri sasuqebiT soflismeurneobis sruli dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSic.nakeli.igi warmoadgens cxovelTa magar da Txier gamonayofs safenTanerTad. nakeli mcenarisaTvis saWiro yvela sakveb elements Seicavs: N-0,5%,P-0,25% da kaliums_0,6%10 tona nakeli eqvivalenturia moqmed nivTierebaSi gadayvaniT 50kgazotis, 25kg fosforis da 60kg kaliumis.sakvebi elementebiT niadagis gamdidrebis garda, nakeli aumjobesebsnidagis struqturas, izrdeba STanTqmis tevadoba, Zlierdeba sasargeblomikroorganizmebis cxovelmyofeloba.mravalwlian nargavebSi nakelis Setanis normaa yovelwliurad 6-10 tona,oTx weliwadSi erTxel _ 25-40 tona.erTwlian kulturebSi mcenareTa saxeebis mixedviT yovelwliurad 5-11tona heqtarze, oTx weliwadSi erTxel 20-40 tonatorfi.torfi warmoiSoba Waobis mcenareTa kvdomis Sedegad Warbi tenisada haeris naklebobis pirobebSi. igi muqi-yavisferi an Savi Seferilobisaa.warmoSobis mixedviT torfi sami saxisaa: maRlobis, dablobis dagardamavali. imis mixedviT Tu Waobis romeli mcenare monawileobs torfiswarmoqmnaSi, aris xavsis, balaxis da merqnis torfebi.torfis ZiriTadi sabadoebi Savi zRvis auzSi mdebareobs, mcireraodenobiT igi gavrcelebulia aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic.torfidan iwarmoeba sxvadasxva torfkompostebi: torfo-nakelis, torfdolomitis,torf-kiriani, torfomineraluri da sxv. igi gamoiyeneba imwesiT, normiT da im vadebSi rogorc saerTod organuli sasuqebi niadagistipis, misi Semadgenlobis da sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa biologiuriTaviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. pirdapir sasuqad SeiZleba gamoyenebuliqnes Zlier da kargad daSlili torfi. xolo, sustad daSlili torfimxolod dakompostebis Semdeg.sapropeli.tbebSi dagrovil dampal lams sapropeli ewodeba. igi mdidariamakro da mikroelementebiT, vitaminebiT, biostimulatorebiT, humusiT.organul masas Seicavs 40-85%-is farglebSi. sapropels aqvs samkurnaloTvisebebi, gamoiyeneba medicinaSi, veterinariaSi.igi gamoiyeneba yvela tipis Rarib niadagze, yvela sasoflo-sameurneokulturisaTvis.baqteriul-organuli mineraluri sasuqi `bomsi~

igi axali sasuqia, romelic SemuSavebulia qarTveli mecnierebis mierda registrirebulia saqarTveloSi gamosayeneblad.igi iwarmoeba mikroorganizmebis mier mura naxSirisa da qvanaxSiris(tyibulis) warmoebis narCenebis damuSavebiT. `bomsi” Savi feris usunofxvieri masaa. ar Seicavs mZime liTonebs. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba yvelatipis niadagze, rogorc erTwliani, ise mravalwliani kulturebisgasanoyiereblad. saheqtaro norma 500 kg-mdea.niadagSi Setanis Semdeg mikroorganizmebs mier xdeba atmoferodanazotis fiqsacia da niadagSi SeuTvisebeli formiT arsebuli fosforisada kaliumis SesaTvisebel formaSi gadasvla, rac ganapirobebs sasoflosameurneo mcenareTa uzrunvelyofas sakvebi elementebiT.biohumusi (vermikultura)saqarTvelo organuli sasuqebis SezRuduli resursebiT xasiaTdebada am resursis gazrdis yvela saSualeba sayuradRebo da gamosayenebelia.erTierTi efeqturi da aRiarebuli meTodi (vermikultura)wvimismieri Wiayelebis mier nakelisa da sxva organuli narCenebisgadamuSavebaa, ris Sedegadac miiReba biohumusi. am meTodiT 1 tona nakelisgadamuSavebiT miiReba 600 kg biohumusi, romelic humuss 49%-mde Seicavs.1 tona biohumusi 10 tona nakelis tolfasia. vermikulturis meTodiTSeiZleba gadamuSavdes qalaqis nagavi (basri minarevebisagan gawmendisSemdeg), mcenareTa foTlebi, sasaklaos da qaRaldis warmoebis narCenebi,bostneuli kulturebis gadamuSavebis narCenebi. bevr qveyanaSi nakelis dasxva organuli narCenebis wvismieri WiebiT gadamuSaveba TviT fermerebismier xdeba, rac bevrad iafi ujdebaT maT, vidre mineraluri sasqebis SeZenada gamoyeneba.bevr qveyanaSi (germania, italia, kuba, safrangeTi, espaneTi, Svecia,poloneTi, ungreTi, iaponia da a.S), sadac Wiayelebis samrewvelogamravleba xdeba, maT pirdapir niadagSi uSveben, sadac isini SesaniSnavadviTardebian da swrafad mravldebian, gadaamuSaveben niadagSi arsebulorganul narCenebs (fesvebi, foTlebi) da amdidreben niadags humusiT.Eekologiki. Dmomzadebulia zRvis wyalmcenareebisagan. Seicavs organulnivTierebas, aseve azots _ 168 mg/l, fosfors _ 20mg/l, kaliums _ 86mg/l,sulfatebs _ 29 mg/l, magniums _ 0,011 mg/l, spilenZs

mdinareTa Slamebis gamoyenebiT mkveTrad izrdeba erTwlianikulturebis mosavlianoba da rac mTavaria maT axasiaTebT Semdgomqmedeba.niadagis moSlamva wlis yvela peridSi SeiZleba. misi niadgSi Setanisnorma unda dazustdes calkeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi, rameTu sxvadasxvamdinareebis da sxvadasxva periodis Slmebi gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan.mwvane sasuqi (sideracia)mwvane sasuqis qveS igulisxmeba sasoflo sameurneo RonisZieba,romelic niadagis nayofierebis gadidebis mizniT specialurad daTesilikulturebis mwvane masis niadgSi Caxvnas gulisxmobs, rasac sideraciaewodeba, xolo am mizniT daTesil kulturebs _ sideratebi.mwvane sasuqad umetesad gamoiyeneba parkosani kulturebi. mwvanesasuqi efeqturia ara marto gamoyenebis wels, aramed 3-4 da 10 wlismanZilze, Cais plantaciebSi ki ufro met xans – 17-18 wlis ganmavlobaSi.mwvane sasuqad daTesili mcenareebi niadagSi Caixvneba yvavilobis damwvane parkebis amoRebis fazaSi, vinaidan am periodSi masa ufro swrafadixrwneba. sideratebis Caxvna unda moxdes momdevno kulturis Tesvmde, 20-30dRiT adre.mwvane sasuqi mravalmriv sasargeblo zemoqmedebas axdens niadagisTvisebebze. kerZod:1. niadagSi Sedis organuli masa, romelic mdidaria mcenarisaTvis saWiroyvela sakvebi elementiT.2. umjobesdeba niadagis struqtura, misi fizikuri, qimiuri,mikrobiologiuri Tvisebebi.3. siderati kulturebi ukeT iTviseben sakveb elementebs, ZneladSesaTvisebeli naerTebi gadahyavT SesaTvisebel formaSi4. fesvTa sistemiT afxviereben niadagis Rrma fenebs da sakvebi elementebiamoaqvT zeviT.5. mwvane sasuqebis gamoyenebiT izrdeba sxva organuli da mineralurisasuqebis efeqturoba.6. kargad ganviTarebuli sideratebi axSoben sarevela mcenareebs da qmniansaukeTeso pirobebs momdevno kulturebis ganviTarebisaTvis.7. siderati, rogorc organuli sasuqis erT-erTi saxe, aZlierebsmcenareTa yinvagamZleobis unars.sideratebi gamoiyeneba yvela tipis niadagze yvela kulturisaTvis:xexilis baRebSi, subtropikul meurneobaSi, Cais plantaciebSi,citrusovanTa nargavebSi, sxvadsxva teqnikur kulturebSi.mwvane sasuqis yvelaze perspeqtiuli xerxi mwvane masis mulCis saxiTdatoveba da niadagSi CakeTebaa, Semdgomi wlis adre gazafxulzesavegetacio periodis dawyebamde.es RonisZieba dadebiT gavlenas axdens niadagis wylis reJimze.agroqimikatebis efeqturi gamoyenebis safuZvlebiagroqimikatebis efeqturi gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobaaniadagebis winaswari agroqimiuri gamokvleva. sakvebi elementebisSemcvelobis gansazRvra da niadagis xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis da sxvaparametrebis mixedviT nayofierebis donis dadgena, sasoflo sameurneokulturaTa biologiur TaviseburebaTa da sakvebi elementebismoTxovnilebis da niadagidan misi gamotanis gaTvaliswinebiTYagroqimikatebis niadagSi Setanis normebis gansazRvris safuZvelia:

sasoflo sameurneo kulturebis mier niadagidan sakvebielementebis (NPK) gamotana rogorc mosavliT, ise mcenareTa sxvanawilebiTerTeuli produqciis warmoebisaTvis azotis, fosforisa dakaliumis danaxarjiniadagis eroziis xarisxiniadagSi sakvebi elementebis (NPK)Semcveloba.niadaguri tipebis mixedviT aqtualuri siliciumis SemcvelobaerTeuli sakvebi nivTierebis ukugeba mosavlis matebiT.organuli sasuqebis gamoyenebis done, misi efeqturobapirvelsave wels da Semdegqmedeba.sasoflo sameurneo kulturebis mixedviT sasuqebidan sakvebielementebis gamoyenebis koeficientisimbioturad fiqsirebuli biologiuri azotis niadagSidagrovebaazotofiqsatori mikroorganizmebis mier biologiuri azotisniadagSi dagrovebaniadagis aris reaqcia da misi regulirebisaTvis qimiurimelioraciis RonisZiebebi.moZravi fosforisa da gacvliTi kaliumis Semcvelobis mixedviTniadagebis dajgufebasakvebielementebisSemcvelobaP 2 O 5 mg. 100 gr niadagSi K 2 O mg. 100 gr niadagSimaCiginis meTodi truogis meTodi maCiginis meTodi maslovas meTodisarwyavi urwyavi sarwyavi urwyavi sarwyavi urwyavi sarwyavi urwyaviZlier 1,5 1,0 3 2 20,0 15,0 12,0 8dabalidabali 1,5-3,0 1,0-2,0 3,0-7,0 2,0-5,0 20,0-30,0 15,0-25,0 12,0-20,0 8,0-15,0saSualo 3,0-5,0 2,0-3,0 7,0-15,0 5,0-10,0 30,0-45,0 25,0-35,0 20,0-30,0 15,0-20,0maRali 5,0 3,0 15,0 10,0 45 35,0 30,0 20,0gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom sakvebi elementebis niadagSimaRali Semcvelobis dros aucilebelia sasuqis Sesatani normaganisazRvros niadagSi misi Semcevlobis SesanarCuneblad, xolosaSualo da dabali Semcvelobis SemTxvevaSi sasuqis normam undauzrunvelyos deficitis Sevseba, mcenaris uzrunvelyofa da niadagSimisi Semcvelobis garkveuli donis SenarCuneba.niadagis dajgufeba ares reaqciis mixedviT

pH maCvenebeli xarisxi RonisZiebebi 3,5 Zalze Zlieri mJave saWiroebs qimiur melioracias3,5-4,0 Zlier mJave `----------------`4,1-4,5 mJave `----------------`4,6-5,0 saSualo mJave `----------------`5,1-6,0 susti mJave saWiroebs qimiur melioraciasiseTi doziT,rom argaizardos mJavianoba6,1-7,0 neitralurTan axlos ar saWiroebs RonisZiebebisgatarebas7,0 neitraluri `----------------`7,1-8,0 susti tute `----------------`8,1-8,5 saSualo tute saWiroebs qimiur melioracias8,5 Zlier tute `----------------`qimiuri melioraciis Catarebis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi saWiroamoxdes niadagis ares reaqciis mixedviT mcenareTa SerCeva, niadagSiSesatani sasuqebis formebisa da saxeebis gansazRvra, Sesabamisiagroteqnikuri RonisZiebebisa da niadagis damuSavebis teqnologiis SerCeva.mTeli savegetacio periodis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva mcenaresniadagidan sxvadasxva raodenobis sakvebi gamoaqvs.Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegad sakvebi elementebis gamotananiadagidan saSualodUSeadgens:sasoflo sameurneokulturaproduqciaerTi tona produqciis mier saSualodsakvebi elementebis gamotana kg/hazoti fosfori kaliumi1 2 3 4 5saSemodgomo xorbali marcvleuli 35 10 24simindi marcvleuli 24 10 29kitri nayofi 1,7 1,3 3,0kartofili tuberi 50 20 70kombosto Tavebi 5,2 1,5 3,3xaxvi Tavebi 3,4 1,4 4,5pomidori nayofi 15,5 7,0 24,0badrijani nayofi 3,0 0,6 7,6stafilo Zirebi 3,3 1,1 1,4yurZeni nayofi 15,0 5,0 11,0xexili nayofi 16,0 8,0 25,0Cai mza produqcia 64,0 20,0 45,0

citrusi nayofi 9,5 2,0 12,0Tu niadagebis gamokvlevis, sxva maCveneblebis gansazRvris dakonkretuli pirobebisaTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis saSualeba ararsebobs, maSin unda visargebloT samecniero kvleviTi institutebisa dalaboratoriebis mier mravalwliani cdebis Sedegad dadgenili sasoflosameurneo kulturebis gasanoyiereblad Sesatani mineraluri sasuqebissaSualo dozebiT.sasoflo sameurneokulturasaSemodgomo xorbali(sarwyavi)sasuqebia (NPK)rekomendirebulidozebisvariantebi kg/h.azotikg/hmaT Sorisfosforikg/hkaliumikg/hmosavlianobac/h1 2 3 4 5 6182 77 63 42236 88 92 56286 118 109 61saSemodgomo xorbali(urwyavi)sagazafxuloxorbali, qeri, Wvavi(sarwyavi)173239317143195simindi (sarwyavi) 224277290simindi (urwyavi) 184219284kartofili 1802493105785106606087120130669211060100110841007693145439080100120687211260801008310440616640455757405055626069100618633.038,842,526,933,530,041,239,956,160,669,235,639,941,3217253300387419bostneuli 228290xexili (sarwyavi) 211 89 62 60 205venaxi 253 98 80 75 80Cai 513 309 117 87 62citrusi 420 216 119 85 118sakvebi elementebis sasuqis fizikur wonaSi gadayvanasasoflo sameurneo kulturaTa ganoyiereba da sasuqebis Setanisdozebi rogorc wesi ganisazRvreba moqmed nivTierebaSi. gamomdinareaqedan, Tu fermers romeli sasuqi aqvs SeZenili, moxdeba fizikurad

Sesatani sasuqis gansazRvra, risTvisac 100 unda gaiyos sasuqSi moqmedinivTierebis procentul raodenobaze, miiReba koeficienti, razedacmravldeba Sesatani sasuqis (moqmedi nivTiereba) doza.magaliTad: xexilis baRebSi erT heqtarze Sesatania 90 kg azotimoqmed nivTierebaze gadaangariSebiT. fermers aqvs amoniumis gvarjila,romelSic azotis Semcveloba 34,5%-ia. aseT SemTxvevaSi 100 gaiyofa 34,5-ze(100 : 34,5 = 2,9) e.i. gadasyvani koeficienti aris 2,9.Setanis norma 90 kg gamravldeba koeficientze 2,9 ( 90 X 2,9 = 261) e.i.erT heqtarze Setanis norma aris amoniumis gvarjilis SemTxvevaSi 261 kg.ase iqneba yvela sasuqis mimarT.Tu saSemodgomo xorbalSi fosforis Sesatani doza aris 120kg/ha dafermers aqvs sasuqi amofosi, romelSic P 2 O 5 -is Semcveloba aris 52%,koeficientis gansasazRvravad fosforisaTvis 100:52=1.92.koeficient 1.92-ze gamravldeba Sesatani 120kg. 120Ç1.92=230kg. e.i. fizikuriraodenoba Sesatani amofosisa iqneba 290kg/ha. ase iqneba yvela saxis sasuqismimarT.