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yvelaferma erTad ganapiroba is, rom Zvel da axal qarTuls Sorisaraa iseTi dapirispireba, rogoricaa Zvel (Tundac bizantiuri periodis)da axal berZnuls Soris (Мейе 1954: 67). amitom saSuali qarTulis calkeperiodad gamoyofa qarTuli enis ganviTarebis istoriaSi metad Wirs,magram Zvelidan axlisken gardamavali periodis gamoyofa maincgamarTlebulia da saWiro, radgan, rogorc antuan meie wers, “sxvadasxvaperiodis enis mdgomareobis Sedareba qmnis enis istoriaso” (Мейе 1954:18).sxvadasxva mecnieri Zveli qarTulis dasasrulsa da axali periodisdasawyiss qarTuli enis ganviTarebis istoriaSi sxvadasxva saTanadoenobriv, leqsikur-gramatikul niSnebSi eZebs.iv. javaxiSvilis daskvniT, XIII_XIV da momdevno saukuneebiwarmoadgens axal periods qarTuli enis leqsikuri SedgenilobisganviTarebis istoriaSi, ramdenadac garkveuli mizezebiT SesamCnevixdeba aRmosavluri nasesxoba (javaxiSvili 1956: 37).enis istoriis sxva niSnebiTac meTormetisa da momdevno saukuneebisqarTuli enis Zeglebi, a. SaniZis mixedviT, saSual qarTuls ganekuTvneba(SaniZe 1935).Zvel da axal qarTuls Soris Sualeduri periodi gamoyofili aqvs k.kekeliZesac (kekeliZe 1951: 28).v. Tofuria da iv. gigineiSvili axali qarTulis istorias (araTanamedroves) iwyeben uSualod XII saukunidan. maTTvis gadamwyvetimniSvnelobisaa is faqtori, rom amdroindeli qarTuli, ZveliqarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, axalia, magram Tanamedrove araa arcleqsikiT, arc gramatikiTa da arc fonetikuri sistemis TaviseburebiT(Топурия 1957: 749).iv. qavTaraZisTvis es procesi iwyeba iqidan, roca am paralelurformaTagan sabolood erTi darCa: “roca qarTulSi vrceldeba imdialeqturi wris normebi, romelTac axasiaTebda nacvalsaxelebSi igi-smniSvnelobiT isi, mravlobiTSi eb sufiqsis xmareba, maqus Cuen warmoebisnacvlad guaqus Cuen da misTanani (qavTaraZe 1984: 30).3

Janridan _ sulxan-saba orbelianis “mogzauroba evropaSi”(XVIII s.-ispirveli naxevari) da giorgi avaliSvilis “mgzavroba Tbilisidanierusalimamde“ (XIXs.-is pirveli naxevari); xolo istoriuli sabuTebisena Seswavlilia T. Jordanias qronikebis mixedviT (1213_1700ww.).kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebze dakvirveba da Seswavla saSualqarTulSi Zveli qarTuli enis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSeSeuZlebelia. amitom naSromSi kidev erTxel aris ganxilulikavSirebiTi kilosa da momavali drois urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi, asevemosazrebebi hipotaqsuri konstruqciebis genezisis Sesaxeb, romelTasafuZvelzec gamoiTqva varaudi, Tu ra tipis winadadebebSi SeiZlebodaCasaxuliyo kavSirebiTi kilo da, bolos, Zveli qarTulisTvisdamaxasiaTebeli –mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebi, romlebicfunqciebis TvalsazrisiT utoldeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivebs. sxvadasxvaSinaarsisa da agebulebis winadadebebSi am konstruqciebis ganxilvisSedegad Zalian saintereso daskvnebi miviReT Sesaswavli sakiTxisSesaxeb.yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, naSromi sam Tavad daiyo:pirvel TavSi ganxilulia sxvadasxva enaTmecnieris mier gamoTqmulivaraudebi kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebis Sesaxeb Zvel qarTulSi.amave dros, damatebuli da Sevsebulia sakuTari mosazrebebiT esa Tu issakiTxi. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli kavSirebiTebismwkrivebiT momavali drois gamoxatvis funqciaze, rac bunebrivadmoicavs kavSirebiTi kilosa da TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisurTierTmimarTebebsac.amave nawilSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba hipotaqsuri konstruqciebissavaraudo genezisis Sesaxeb.II Tavi daeTmo kavSirebiTis wkrivebis funqciebis Seswavlas saSualiperiodis Zeglebis mixedviT. moyvanilia statistikuri monacemebikavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gadmocemisSesaxeb am periodis ZeglebSi da Sefardebulia es monacemebi momavalidrois axlebur, zmniswinian warmoebasTan.5

SemCneulia momavali drois Zveli da axleburi formebis gamoyenebisgarkveuli kanonzomiereba hipotaqsur konstruqciebSi, rac erTgvari“morigebis” mcdeloba unda iyos momavali drois gamoxatvis or aqtiursaSualebas Soris am periodis ZeglebSi, vinaidan, rogorc irkveva, jerkidev moqmedia kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois gamoxatvis funqcia, magram amave dros Zalian gaxSirebuliaTxrobiTi kilos mwkrivebiT momavali drois gadmocemis SemTxvevebi.Tavi iCina kidev erTma saintereso faqtma: garkveuli JanrisnawarmoebebSi, sakmaod gviani periodis ZeglebSi, ara Tu iklebs, aramedmatulobs kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgadmocemis magaliTebi. naSromSi mocemulia am movlenis gamomwvevimizezebis axsna.ganxilulia kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi sxvadasxva hipotaqsurkonstruqciebSi.dadasturebulia kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT II piris brZanebiTisgamoxatvis iSviaTi formebi, romelTa ricxvi ara Tu iklebs, arameduCveulod izrdeba saorientacio ZeglebSi (unda iTqvas, rom zogierTienaTmecnieri kavSirebiTebis mier gamovlenil am funqcias ZvelqarTulSi arc aRiarebs).amave Zeglebis mixedviT, dadasturda kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT I pirisbrZanebiTi kilos gamoxatva mxolobiT ricxvSi.gamovlinda kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis kidev erTi saintereso funqcia _gamoxatos TxrobiTi kilos axlandeli dro: kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTSesaZlebelia kavSirebiTi kilos axlandeli drois gamoxatva hipotaqsurkonstruqciebSi, magram TxrobiTi kilos axlandeli drois gamoxatvisfunqcia saintereso faqtia.sakmaod vrceli paragrafi aqvs daTmobili naSromSi kavSirebiTismwkrivebSi gamovlenil polisemantizms. es imas niSnavs, rom kavSirebiTismwkrivebi erTsa da imave konstruqciaSi gamoavlens sxvadasxva drosa dasxvadasxva kilos. polisemiuri formebi gvxvdeba rTuli qvewyobiliwinadadebebis damokidebul nawilSi da rac ufro gviani periodisaaZegli, miT ufro matulobs maTi ricxvi.6

am movlenis erT-erTi gamomwvevi mizezi unda iyos kavSirebiTismwkrivebSi misi umTavresi funqciis, TxrobiTi kilos momavali droismoSlis tendencia.naSromis III Tavi daeTmo mTlianad -mca nawilakian konstruqciebsZveli da saSuali periodis qarTulSi. Zveli qarTulis gaTvaliswinebaaucileblad miviCnieT, vinaidan gvindoda gamogvekveTa garkveulikanonzomiereba -mca nawilakian konstruqciebSi sxvadasxva funqciebisgamovlenisas, romlis mixedviTac am nawilakis umTavres daniSnulebazegansxvavebuli mosazreba Segveqmna. aqve aris mcdeloba -mca nawilakis mda ca elementebis garkveuli warmomavloba dasabuTebis.rac Seexeba -mca nawilakian konstruqciebs e.w. saSual qarTulSi,isini ganxilulia Janrebis mixedviT, moyvanilia statistika, naCvenebia,Tu romel ZeglebSia SenarCunebuli ZiriTadad maTi sintaqsurizemoqmedebis unari, romel funqcias inarCuneben yvelaze xangrZlivad,rodis da ra xdeba maTi gadavardnis mizezi.7

Tavi IkavSirebiTis mwkrivTa warmoeba da funqciebi Zv. qarTulSi1.1. kavSirebiTi kilosa da TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisurTierTmimarTebis Sesaxebcnobilia, rom Zvel qarTulSi e.w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTSesaZlebeli iyo ara mxolod kavSirebiTi kilos gamoxatva: imaveformebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gadmocema yvelazegavrcelebul saSualebas warmoadgenda. ZiriTadi kiTxvebi, romlebickavSirebiTi mwkrivebis garSemo ismis, swored momavali droisa dakavSirebiTi kilos urTierTmimarTebaa.kilo, iseve rogorc dro, mwkrivis farglebSi Semavali mniSvnelovanielementebia da erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli kategoriebia.kilos kategoriis sakiTxi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevda Zvel qarTvelgramatikosebSic: anton I-is mixedviT, qarTul zmnas aqvs xuTi “sqesi”(kilo): sazRurebiTi, brZanebiTi, ipotetikaÁ, uCino” (antoni 1885: 20).z. SanSovanis gramatikis mixedviT, qarTul zmnas xuTi saxis kiloaqvs: “asamZRvro, v~a: Sevityo, sabrZanebo, v~a: Seityev, sanetaro, v~a:Semetyo, saquÀdaso, v~a: Tumca Semetyo, uCino, v~a Setyoba” (SanSovani1881: 22).gaiozis, qarTveliSvilis, solomon dodaSvilis, platon ioselianisgramatikebSi gamoyofilia zmnis oTxi kilo: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi,pirobiT-kavSirebiTi. isini sxvadasxva terminebiTaa gadmocemuli (gaiozi1789: 26; qarTveliSvili 1815: 23; dodaSvili 1830: 18; ioseliani 1840: 66).kavSirebiTi kilo gamoyofilia yvela enaTmecnieris mier, qarTulienis ganviTarebis yvela safexurze. misi gansazRvreba aseTia: “kavSirebiTiakilo, romelic gansazRvravs subieqtis damokidebulebas zmniTgamoxatuli moqmedebis mimarT”.Zvel qarTvel gramatikosebs SeniSnuli aqvT da sagangebodaRniSnuli is faqti, rom kavSirebiTi kilos gagebas TviT zmnis formebiki ar Seicaven, aramed am Sinaarss Sesabamisi nawilakebisa da kavSirebisdarTvis Semdeg iZenen. ase mag.: gaiozisa da sol. dodaSvilis8

gramatikebis mixedviT, kavSirebiTisa da TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois formaTa garCeva evaleba nawilakebs: vaSaTu, ukueTu, nuTu,netarTumca, raTa, viTarmed, raTamca, romelimca da sxv. (gaiozi 1789,25;dodaSvili 1830: 22).antonisTvis a, e, o, mawarmoeblebi myofadis jgufisaa: “arian niSannimyoobadsa Sina moxrilTa zmnaTani: a, magaliTebr:...Sevhkra, gavxsna,...dasxuani; o,...aRvleso, vkuÀTo, vhswero da sxuani; e,...vhsdge, ganvarde,...vesevde da sxuani” (antoni 1885: 22).v. Tofuria –a,-e,-o,-i sufiqsebs drois, kilosa da jerobis mawarmoebelafiqsebad miiCnevs (gogolaSvili 1984: 7).Cven veTanxmebiT im Tvalsazriss, romlis mixedviTac -a,-e,-o,-i mwkrivisniSnebia, mwkrivis fuZes awarmoebs, amitom, Cveulebriv, warmodgeniliamwkrivis yvela formaSi, Tu fonetikuri mizeziT ar aris dakarguli(baramiZe 2003: 14).roca saubaria kavSirebiTis formebze Zvelsa Tu TanamedroveqarTulSi, mkveTrad unda gaimijnos erTmaneTisgan kavSirebiTis mwkrivida kavSirebiTi kilo. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba araswori daskvnamiviRoT, rogoricaa: kavSirebiTi sxva kiloebsac gadmoscems: igi ZvelqarTulSi ZiriTadi saSualebaa TxrobiTi kilos myofadis gadmosacemad,erTaderTi saSualebaa pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis brZanebiTikilos gamosaxatavad da erT-erT saSualebas warmoadgens meore damesame piris brZanebiTis gadmosacemad (kotinovi 1986: 36), _ gamodis, romkavSirebiTi kilo asrulebs samive kilos _ TxrobiTis, kavSirebiTisa dabrZanebiTis funqciebs. romelime mwkrivi SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli amaTu im kilos gadmosacemad, magram esa Tu is kilo ver SeiZens sxvakilos mniSvnelobas.SevniSnavT, rom masalis analizis procesSi CvenTvisac xelisSemSleli(dezinformaciuli) aRmoCnda termini “kavSirebiTi” Zveli qarTuli enisada ramdenadme gardamavali periodis mwkrivTa saxelwodebisTvis.amdenad, ismis sakiTxi saerTod e.w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa saxelwodebisSesaxeb _ ramdenad motivirebulia es termini Zveli qarTulisTvis.9

cnobilia, rom kavSirebiTis mwkrivi sxvadasxva kilos gamoxatavs(TxrobiTs, brZanebiTsa da kavSirebiTs). es faqti aRniSnulia specialurliteraturaSi. misi sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaZveli qarTulidan modis.garkveulia aseve, rom kilos funqciur-semantikuri kategoriagamoixateba enis morfologiur, sintaqsur-leqsikur, intonaciur dasxvadasxva konteqstur saSualebaTa kombinaciiT (oqropiriZe 1975: 296).amitom brZanebiTi kilos gadmosacemad, garda intonaciurisaSualebisa, erTgvari funqciuri Zala aqvs imasac, rom brZanebiTisgadmocemisas zmna gadmodis winadadebis dasawyisisken, amiT nabrZanebimoqmedeba ufro aqcentirebulia. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis mierbrZanebiTis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSic SeniSnulia, rom zmna yovelTviswinadadebis dasawyisSia. amgvari qceva axsnilia swored saTanadokomunikaciuri mizandasaxulobiT (mowodeba moqmedebisaken) (afridoniZe1971: 257).kavSirebiTi kilos Sinaarsis gamomxatveli formebi ki damokidebulwinadadebaSia, sadac is ixmareba saTanado kavSirebis TanxlebiT.kavSirebiTis mwkriviT TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gadmocema kiSesaZlebelia nebismieri saxis winadadebaSi: martivSic da SerwymulSic,rogorc rTul Tanwyobil, ise rTul qvewyobil konstruqciebSi; rTuliqvewyobili winadadebis rogorc mTavar, ise damokidebul nawilSi.specialur literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom Zvel qarTulSikavSrebiTis formebi axlandeli da warsuli drois mniSvnelobiTacixmareba (kotinovi 1986: 37). avtori eyrdnoba berZnul dedansa daparalelur teqstebs, romlebSic kavSirebiTis mwkrivebs TxrobiTikilos awmyo an aoristis formebi Seesabameba. avtori Tvlis, rom ZvelqarTulSi kavSirebiTisTvis, iseve rogorc xolmeobiTisTvis, araaarsebiTi romelime drois gadmocema, misTvis mTavaria kilos kategoriisaRniSvna. Tu myofadis gadmocema kavSirebiTis formebs ekisreba ZvelqarTulSi, es TviT kavSirebiTis, rogorc kilos, bunebiTaa Sepirobebuli:kavSirebiTi saerTod iseT moqmedebas aRniSnavs, romelic faqti araris, magram SesaZlebelia misi ganxorcieleba momavalSi an awmyoSi, an10

SesaZlebelia warsulSic iyo. zogadad, kavSirebiTi jerganuxorcielebel, perspeqtiul moqmedebas aRniSnavs. amgvar Sinaarss,upirveles yovlisa, momaval drosTan mivyavarT. kilos kategoriisCamoyalibeba Zvel qarTulSi unda miekuTvnebodes im xanas, rodesacdrois kategoria jer ar iyo konkretizebuli, e.i. ar arsebobdaspecialuri formebi awmyos, namyosa da myofadis gadmosacemad, _fiqrobs avtori (kotinovi 1986: 38).Tavis mosazrebas mecnieri amyarebs im argumentiTac, rom kavSirebiTiZvel qarTulSi ar warmoadgens erTaderT gramatikul saSualebasmyofadis gamosaxatavad, rom am funqciiT gamoiyeneba xolmeobiTic,romelic warmoebis mxriv gacilebiT ufro Zvelia, vidre kavSirebiTi.is faqti, rom kavSirebiTis formebs (ZiriTadad II kavSirebiTisas) sxvaenebze imave teqstis Sesabamis adgilebSi an qarTulsave paralelurredaqciebSi zogjer awmyo an namyo upirispirdeba, Seswavlili aqvs d.meliqiSvils. igi midis daskvnamde, rom erT redaqciaSi kavSirebiTisformis gamoyeneba meore redaqciiT (da berZnul-somxuris) Sesabamisinamyos sapirispirod unda aixsnas ara imiT, rom kavSirebiTis formebsnamyo drois gamoxatvis SesaZleblobac hqonia, aramed, albaT, imiT, romoTxTavis es redaqciebi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan gamomdinareobs; avtorisTqmiT, “is, rom II kavSirebiTs sxva enebze teqstis Sesabamis adgilebSi anqarTulsave paralelur redaqciaSi zogjer awmyo an namyoupirispirdeba, ar aris imis damadasturebeli sabuTi, TiTqos meorekavSirebiTis formebs awmyosa da namyos gagebis gamoxatvac SeuZliaT,iseve, rogorc ver vityviT, rom igi asrulebs infinitivis an mimReobisfunqcias, rodesac berZnuli an somxuri teqstis mimReoburi aninfinitiuri konstruqciaa qarTuli II kavSirebiTis sanacvlod”(meliqiSvili 1955: 69).Cven mier ganxiluli masalis mixedviT ar dasturdeba kavSirebiTiformebiT warsuli drois gadmocema, magram gvaqvs magaliTebi,romlebSic kavSirebiTi SeiZleba axlandeli drois gagebiTgadmovitanoT Tanamedrove qarTulSi, magaliTad:11

odesca saÃsenebeli visime ZmaTaganisaÁ iyos, serobad sam-samikrasovuli xudebis ZmaTa (aRap., 217,9).raodeni-raÁ iyos mas Sida, arawmida ars igi (levit., 11,33).kavSirebiTis mwkriviT axlandeli dro maSin ivaraudeba, rocamTavari winadadebis zmnac awmyos formiTaa gamoxatuli.zogadad droisa da kilos kategoriebis problema metad rTulia. amisdasturad gamodgeba is faqtic, Tu ramdenad gansxvavebuliaenaTmecnierTa Sexedulebebi droisa da kilos raodenobis TvalsazrisiTqarTul enaSi (SaniZe 1956: 203).m. megreliSvili drois sakiTxze msjelobisas momavali droisuaryofamdec mivida. igi gamoyofs warsulsa da arawarsul dros.avtoris TqmiT, warsuli drois arawarsulTan dapirispirebadafuZnebulia ara marto semantikur, aramed struqturul niSanze daarsebobs drois samwvera sistemis SigniT. gramatikul kategorias aqvsSinaarsis plani da gamoxatulebis plani. dro, avtoris mixedviT,gramatikuli kategoriaa, magram mas “am formebSi araviTari calkeaRebuli formaluri elementi ar Seesatyviseba”. Semdeg avtori akeTebsaseT daskvnas: “Zvel qarTulSi momavali drois forma ar arsebobda,amitomac gamoxatulebis planSi droTa sistema rTuli ar iyo,funqcionirebda drois mxolod ori forma _ warsuli da arawarsuli(megreliSvili 1986: 79). msjeloba ori drois arsebobis TaobazekavSirebiTis mwkrivebis Seswavlis fonze CvenTvis miuRebelia.arn. Ciqobavas varaudiT, qarTul enaSi gramatikuli droisCamoyalibebamde movlenaTa Soris drouli mimarTeba gamoxatuli undayofiliyo aspeqturi dapirispirebiT: wyvetili (momentobrivi) dagangrZobiTi (diuratiuli) _aqedan wyvetili warsuls gulisxmobs, xologangrZobiTi _axlandels da agreTve imas, rasac dasasruli ara aqvs, e. i.momavalSia SesaZlebeli (Ciqobava 1948: 34).momavali droisa da kavSirebiTi kilos urTierTmimarTebaze saubrisasd. meliqiSvili aRniSnavs: “axlandeli drois TandaTanobiTmakonkretizaciam da gansazRvram gamokveTa da gamoyo mesame mimarTeba _Semdgomisa, momavlisa. momavali dro ki, Cveulebriv, gamoxatavs iseT12

ararealur moqmedebas, romelic saTuoa, saeWvoa, amdenad, momavalidrois gagebas Tan mohyva SesaZleblobis, saTuo, sasurvelobisSinaarsic, anu kilos gagebac. sxvagvarad, kilos gageba Caisaxa momavalidrois wiaRSi, mis gaCenasTan erTad” (meliqiSvili 1955: 71).amgvarad, ara marto Zveli qarTuli enis monacemebis mixedviT, d.meliqiSvili askvnis, rom kavSirebiTi kilo momavali drois wiaRSiwarmoiSva, qronologiurad hipotaqsuri konstruqciis CamoyalibebasukavSirdeba da amdenad, ufro gviandelia, rasac Zveli qarTuliteqstebis mixedviT asabuTebs. isini istoriulad ukavSirdeba erTmaneTsrogorc funqciuri, ise formaluri TvalsazrisiT.qvemoT avtori agrZelebs msjelobas da askvnis, rom kavSirebiTi kilodamoukidebeli saxiT unda Camoyalibebuliyo mxolod mas Semdeg, rachipotaqsuri konstruqcia warmoiqmna, e.i. rodesac naTlad gamoikveTawinadadebaTa urTierTmimarTebis _ daqvemdebarebis gamoxatva, saxelicswored am sintaqsuri funqciis mixedviT aris SerCeuli: Conjuctivus“SemakavSirebeli”, _ aqedan qarTuli saxelwodebac _”kavSirebiTi”(meliqiSvili 1955: 72).Cven viziarebT im Sexedulebas, rom momavali droisa da kavSirebiTikilos ganxilva erTmaneTTan kavSiris gareSe SeuZlebelia. momavalidrois gageba gulisxmobs saTuo, saeWvo, sasurvelobis modalobas, xolokavSirebiTi kilo Seicavs momavlis Sinaarss.qvemoT Cven vaCvenebT, rom mxolod damokidebul winadadebebSi argamoixateba -a, -o, -e, -i (odiani zmnebis awmyos mwkrivSi) mwkrivisniSnebiT kavSirebiTi kilo. Zvel qarTulSi, aseve TanamedroveSic, arisgarkveuli Sinaarsis winadadebebi (aradamokidebuli) kavSirebiTi kilosgagebiT, magram, vfiqrobT, arsebiTad saqmis viTarebas es ar undacvlides: im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTTxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gadmocema SesaZlebelia nebismierisaxis winadadebaSi _ martivSi, SerwymulSi, rogorc rTul Tanwyobil,ise rTuli qvewyobili konstruqciebis mTavar da damokidebulnawilebSi, vvaraudobT, rom am formaTaTvis ZiriTadi swored momavalidrois funqciis gamoxatvaa.13

zanuris -a warmoadgens -e-s kanonier Sesatyvisobas; 5) -e kavSirebiTismawarmoeblad gvxvdeba yvela qarTul dialeqtSi met-naklebad.1.3. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebi Zvel qarTulSiCveni mizania kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebi warmovaCinoT saSualqarTulSi da Tvali gavadevnoT maT sakmaod vrceli da mravalferovaniperiodis manZilze. am TemasTan dakavSirebiT Zalian bevri mosazrebaagamoTqmuli. radganac sakiTxi safuZvlianad aris Seswavlili, CvenSevecdebiT mxolod, mokled gavixsenoT masTan dakavSirebuliSexedulebebi da gamovTqvaT sakuTari mosazreba ama Tu im calkeulifunqciis Sesaxeb.Zvel qarTulSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxvadaniSnulebiT: a) igi erT-erTi saSualebaa myofadis gadmosacemad, b)erTaderTi saSualebaa pirveli piris brZanebiTi kilos gamosaxatavadmravlobiT ricxvSi, g) gadmoscems rig SemTxvevaSi mxolobiTi ricxvismeore da mesame piris brZanebiTebs, d) erT-erTi saSualebaa sakuTrivkavSirebiTi kilos gadmosacemad. e.i. kavSirebiTis mwkrivi asrulebssamive kilos _ kavSirebiTis, brZanebiTisa da TxrobiTis _ funqciebs.ganvixiloT TiToeuli funqcia cal-calke.1.3.1. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoxatavs TxrobiTi kilos momavaldrospirveli da meore seriis kavSirebiTebi erTmaneTs mxolod aspeqtismixedviT upirispirdebian: pirveli kavSirebiTi usrul aspeqts gviCvenebs,meore _ sruls, droisa da kilos mixedviT maT Soris gansxvaveba araris _ yvela gadmoscems TxrobiTi kilos momaval dros.rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisfunqciiT kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi ixmareba nebismieri agebulebiswinadadebaSi: martivSi, SerwymulSi, rogorc rTul Tanwyobil, ise17

Tul qvewyobil winadadebaSi. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis rogorcmTavar, ise damokidebul nawilSi, magaliTad:a)kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi TxrobiTi kilos momavali droismniSvnelobiT martiv winadadebaSi:aravin giteos qristÀs msaxur yofad (evst., 45,38).waruZRuano ege tfilis qalaqsa arvan gunasps (evst., 45,44).Wirisa amis wil qristeman mommadlos me sixaruli, (SuS., 43,21).da Sen mogces SromaTa SenTa wil sasufeveli caTaÁ sityvisaebrmociqulisa (xanZT., 104,13).nebisa RmrTisaÁTa vidre sikudilamde TÂT vhmsaxuro Tavsa Cemsa(xanZT., 104,48).da me ubrZano mkurnalsa gankurnebaÁ Seni mciredisa magisganwylulisa (gobr., 85,3).b) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi momavali drois mniSvnelobiT SerwymulwinadadebaSi:veraraman ganmaSoros siyuarulsa qristÀssa, Wirman anu iwroebaman,devnaman anu pyrobilebaman, sikudilman anu cxorebaman, simdidreTa anusiglaxakeTa, veraraman SeuZlos ganyenebaÁ Cemi siyuarulsa RrTisasa(raJd., 245,30).guemaTa amaT CemTa da TrevaTa da SeuracxebaTa- mivemTxÂo me didebasada pativsa caTa Sina dausrulebelsa (SuS., 36,8).meca uwyinod giTxra da gacnobo Sen (evst., 49,4).RaRadebden da galobden pirni Cuenni esrÀT (xanZT., 105, 39).aw arRara gerquas Tquen Tquen mowafe, aramed mociquli gerquas Tquen(evst., 52,16).davarRvio taZari ese da mesamesa dResa aRvaSÀno ege (evst., 51,33).g) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois funqciiTTanwyobil winadadebaSi:amiT naTeli miRebies da vervin ganmaSoros me qristÀsgan vidresulisa Cemisa aRmosvlamde (evst., 52,42).misces Zmaman ZmaÁ sikudid da mamaman Svili, da aRdgen mama-dedaniSvilTa maTTa zeda da mohkvliden maT (kol., 73,27).18

gamoved Sen magier queyaniT da wargiyvano Sen sxuad queyanad dagangamravlo Sen da aRgaorZino Sen didad friad da gyo Sen mamadnaTesavTa mravalTa da erTa uricxuTa (evst., 49,7).xolo aw moiqec cTomilebisagan Senisa da miiRo Cemgan keTili dauaRresi pativi da gyo Sen Tanamzraxuelad Cemda da udidebulÀsyovelTa moyuasTa SenTa (kost. kax., 77,13)....da wmidaÁ juari Seni maradis iyavn Cem zeda uZlurisa amismoxucebulisa, da mciredTa dReTa Semdgomad ixilo mtuer-qmnuli Sen(xanZT., 103,45).ganhpoxo Sen SuenierebaÁ udabnoisaÁ da sixaruli borcuTa Seimosonda ReleTa ganamravlon ifqli RmrTisa-msaxurebisaÁ (xanZT., 105, 37).d) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi momavali drois gagebiT rTuli qvewyobiliwinadadebis mTavar nawilSi:aw, ukueTu jer ars, dagemorCilneT (aTon., 203,8)!iginica esreve movaqcine Sensa sjulsa, viTarca ese me (SuS., 35,12).da Tu mravali tanjvaÁ moawio Cem zeda, me ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa(SuS., 36,33).xolo guamisa SenisaTÂs nu hzrunav, egre iyos, viTarca Sen sTquyofad (evst., 54,16).amiT cnan yovelTa, rameTu Cemni mowafeni xarT (xanZT., 148,33).miagos mas ufalman, viTar man uJamod nayofni Cemni moisTualna (SuS.42,38).sagangebodaa aRsaniSni, rom e.w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gadmocemuliTxrobiTi kilos momavali dro da brZanebiTi kilo xSirad ZneligasarCevia. bolo ori winadadeba amis naTeli nimuSia.e) momavali dro qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi:igive Tavadi ufali mkÂdr ars Sen Tana, Rirso mamao, romelmancalocviTa SeniTa momaniWos sZlevaÁ eSmakTaÁ (xanZT., 104,12).romelman ara dauteos mamaÁ TÂsi da dedaÁ TÂsi, dani da Zmani, colida Svilni, da ara aRiRos juari TÂsi da Semomidges me, igi ara arsCemda Rirs (kol., 72,20).19

ukueTu vinme ara iSves meored, ver Ãelewifebis xilvad sasufeveliRmrTisaÁ (gobr., 82,21).raJams geuwyos sikudili Cemi, mswrafl wariReT guami Cemi mcxeTas damun damarxeT, sada naTel viRe (evst., 54,18).v) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gagebiTrTuli qvewyobili winadadebis mTavar da damokidebul nawilSi:ukueTu ganvikurno, yoveli igi dauteo cTomaÁ, da viTarca mrqua Sen,vyo egreT (nino, 223,25).odes cani daiqcen da wesni icualnen, mnaTobni daSrten yovelni daqueyanaÁ Seimusros, oxraÁ igi sayÂrisaÁ zar scemdes yovelTadabadebulTa (gobr., 83,18).romelTa aRmiaron me winaSe kacTa, pativ sces mamaman Cemman (kost. kax.,78,10).romelman aRmiaros me winaSe kacTa, aRviaro meca igi winaSe mamisaCemisa zecaTaÁsa, da romelman uar myos me winaSe kacTa, uvar vyo igimeca winaSe mamisa Cemisa (evst., 45,24).da ukeTu urC meqmne, urCTa Tana daisajo, ... “raÁca mibrZano, vyo mamaopatiosano” (Sio da evag., 162,38).netar iyvneT Tquen, raJams gdevniden da gyuedriden da Tquas yovelisityuaÁ boroti Tquenda momarT sicruviT CemTÂs (kost. kax., 76,41).1.3.2. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoxatavs pirveli piris brZanebiT kilosmravlobiT ricxvSiam funqciis gadmosacemad qarTuli enis ganviTarebis yvela etapzekavSirebiTis mwkrivebia gamoyenebuli, magaliTad:da SeurdeT RmerTsa mravliTa cremliTa da vevedrebodiT mas dRiTi-RRed (udabn. mr., 104,2).yovelni vRaRadebdeT misa mimarT da vityodiT (udabn. mr., 148,8).“...aha, siZÀ, gamovediT, mivegebvodiT mas (udabn. mr., 148,20).20

wamoviRoT amieriTgan Cuenca Zali sityÂsaÁ mis da viwyoT pirvelTamaT Semdgomi da vTquaT (udabn. mr., 179, 18).vWamoT da ganvZReT, rameTu ZÀ Cemi momkudar iyo da aRdga (udabn. mr.,146,3).aw Cuen Tana ars Ãorcieli keTili da Tquen Tana ars sulieri keTilida ese SevzavneT urTierTas (xanZT., 108,16).aw movediT qristes morwmuneno da vdResaswaulobdeT Ãsenebasaaxlisa amis wmidisa mowamisa (abo, 69,14).pirveli piris mxolobiT ricxvs brZanebiTis mniSvneloba semantikuradar uTavsdeba, mas SeiZleba ebrZanos, roca igi sxvebTan erTad masacexeba, _ asea miRebuli spec. literaturaSi (SaniZe 1976: 62; imnaiSvilebi1996: 193). am mosazrebis miuxedavad, saSuali periodis qarTulSiSegvxvda, kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gadmocemuli, I piris brZanebiTi kilomxolobiT ricxvSi, igive formebi Zalian momravlebulia TanamedroveqarTulSi, rasac qvemoT vaCvenebT.1.3.3. brZanebiTis iSviaTi formebik. kublaSvilma specialuri naSromi miuZRvna kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTmeore da mesame piris brZanebiTebis gadmocemas.a) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT meore piris brZanebiTi kilos gadmocemisfaqtebi avtors dadasturebuli aqvs Zveli qarTuli Zeglebis mixedviT.mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom aseTi movlena axalma saliteraturo qarTulmaar icis, igi Zveli qarTulisTvisaa mxolod niSandoblivi da metadsayuradRebo Cans brZanebiTi kilos formaTa istoriis gaTvaliswinebisaTvis(kublaSvili 1952 -1953: 153-155). moviyvanT magaliTebsdasaxelebuli naSromidan:vidre-igi me mival, Sen ver Zal-gic moslvad, xolo merme momdevde me...(i., 13,136 D).21

...maSin hrqua mas iesu: warved Cemgan marTlukun, eSmako, rameTu werilars: ufalsa RmerTsa Sensa Tayuanis hsce da mas mxolosa hmsaxurebde...(m.,4,10 D).pativ-ec mamasa Sensa da dedasa Sensa da Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni...(m., 19,9).iqve moyvanilia magaliTebi paraleluri teqstebidan, saidanac Cans,rom analogiur epizodebSi II brZanebiTis formebia gamoyenebuli.iv. imnaiSvili iziarebs mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom kavSirebiTismwkrivis erT-erTi funqcia iyo II piris brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatva: “ammizniT, Cveulebriv, gamoyenebuli iyo meore brZanebiTi, magram rigSemTxvevaSi wyvetilisa da meore brZanebiTis meore subieqturi pirisformebi erTmaneTs emTxveoda, rac enas aiZulebda, am saorWofoformebis sanacvlod sxva saSualebebi gamoeZebna. swored am mizniTgamoiyenes II kavSirebiTis mdidari SesaZleblobani” (imnaiSvilebi 1996:193).n. naTaZis azriT, meore da mesame piris brZanebiTis gamoxatvis orsaSualebas Soris (brZanebiTsa da kavSirebiTs Soris) TiTqosSinaarsobrivi sxvaoba arsebobs: kavSirebiTi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi,rodesac brZaneba zogadi, normatiuli xasiaTisaa, e.i. gamoxatavs iseTmoqmedebas, romelic savaldebuloa saerTod (magaliTad, religiuriwesebisa da ritualebis Sesrulebisas) da ara konkretul momentSi(naTaZe 1956).arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebac: kavSirebiTis mwkrivis mier IIpiris brZanebiTis gadmocemas ar eTanxmeba g. ninua Tavis sadisertacionaSromSi (ninua 1968). avtori Tvlis, rom mocemul da msgavs magaliTebSibrZanebiTis mniSvneloba ar ivaraudeba. aq gadmocemulia momavalSiuTuod Sesasrulebeli moqmedeba. momavali, _ avtoris TqmiT, _ ZvelqarTulSi gadmoicema kavSirebiTis mwkrivis formiT da kilos mixedviTaris TxrobiTi. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki igi modalobis erT-erTi niuansiT _kategoriulobiT uaxlovdeba brZanebiTs, (cnobilia, mag., rom germanuliena modaluri mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad sxva saSualebaTa gverdiTiyenebs kavSirebiTi kilos formasac); brZanebiTisagan gansxvavebiT, esformebi molaparakis Tvalsazriss ki ar gamoxatavs zmniT gadmocemuli22

moqmedebis mimarT, aramed mosaxdenia, gasakeTebelia, Sesasrulebeliamolaparakis neba-survilisagan damoukideblad. amgvari formebi argulisxmobs brZanebiTisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kavSirs molaparakesa damoqmedebis Semsrulebel pirs Soris (mbrZanebelsa da msmenels Soris).avtoris azriT, damowmebul magaliTebSi kavSirebiTi kilos formebsaqvT igive mniSvneloba, rac rusulSi _ должен + infinitiv‐isa da axalqarTulSi unda + zmnis formas.msgavsadve unda gavigoT Semdegi formebi:ara cili hfuco, aramed misce ufalsa fici Seni (maTe, 5,33C).aw ganuteo monaÁ Seni, ufalo, msgavsad sityÂsa Senisa mSÂdobiT (luka,2,29 DE) (magaliTebi dasax. naSromidanaa).mkvlevars Sesadareblad moyvanili aqvs germanuli bibliisparaleluri teqsti undaobiTis formebiT, ris Sedegadac askvnis, romzemoT ganxilul formebs ara aqvT arc brZanebiTisa da arckavSirebiTis mniSvneloba. kavSirebiTis forma am SemTxvevaSi Seicavsmomavlis gagebas, kilos mixedviT aris TxrobiTi da modalobis erTerTiniuansiT _ kategoriulobiT emsgavseba brZanebiTs. kavSirebiTisformaTa funqcia aris momavalSi uTuod Sesasrulebeli moqmedebismniSvnelobis _ valdebulebisa da aucileblobis (undaobis)modalobis gadmocema. am saSualebiT ena gamoxatavs TxrobiTi kiloserT-erT modalur niuanss, rac berZnulis gavlenis Sedegia: berZnulSiam gagebiT momavlis forma ixmareba, momavlis gadmocema ki Zvel qar-TulSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivis erT-erT funqcias warmoadgens (ninua 1968).msjeloba sainteresoa, magram Cven ver gaviziarebT mis mosazrebasamgvari formebis kvalifikaciis Taobaze. ras unda gamoxatavdes meorekavSirebiTi amgvar magaliTebSi, Tu ara swored mimarTebas molaparakesada brZanebas daqvemdebarebul pirebs Soris:Jamsa puris Wamisasa moved aqa da Wame puri da daawo puri Seni Zmarsa(ruT. 2,14).anda: maSin hrqua mas iesu: warved Cemgan marTlukun, eSmako, rameTuweril ars: ufalsa RmerTsa Sensa Tayuanis-hce da mas mxolosahmsaxurebde (maTe, 4,10 D)(magaliTebi dasax. naSromidanaa).23

Tuki am magaliTebSi: “daawo,” “Tayuanis-hce” da “hmsaxurebde” formebibrZanebiTis gagebas ar Seicavs, radgan isini valdebulebis,kategoriulobisa da aucileblobis modalobas gadmoscemen (undaobiTs)momaval droSi da am saSualebiT ena TxrobiTi kilos erT-erT modalurniuanss gamoxatavs, maSin imave magaliTebSi “moved” “Wame” da “warved”formebic unda ganvixiloT ara rogorc brZanebiTebi, aramed rogorcundaobiTi formebi, radgan isinic aRWurvilni arian aucileblobis,kategoriulobis gagebiT da aqac moqmedeba momavalSia Sesasrulebeli,anu, rogorc mkvlevari Tavadve ganmartavs, brZanebiTi kilo eyrdnobaZvel da axal qarTulSic TxrobiT kilos. is gulisxmobs, rom moubrissurvili unda iqnes Sesrulebuli. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi es surviliSeiZleba gamoixatos ara marto brZanebis saxiT, aramed Txovnis, xvewnamudarisada waqezebis saxiTac, magram gramatikaSi yvelas brZanebiTihqvia, radganac formobrivi gansxvaveba maT Soris ar aris (ninua 1968).maSasadame, radganac brZanebiTi kilo moubris survilisganxorcielebas gulisxmobs, es survili SeiZleba sxvadasxva saxiT iyosgamoTqmuli, maT Soris kategoriuladac, aucilebladac, savaldebulodacda a.S. moubris survili ki momavalSia Sesasrulebeli.zemoT ganxiluli iSviaTi formebis Sesaxeb ki vityviT, rom ZvelqarTulSi gvaqvs meore kavSirebiTis mwkriviT meore piris ukuTqmiTibrZanebiTis gadmocemis myarad gatarebuli norma, amitom meore piriswarTqmiTi brZanebiTi kilos gadmocemac SesaZlebeli iqneboda amavemwkrivebiT. Zveli qarTuli enis Zeglebze dakvirvebiT es faqtidadasturebulia. rac Seexeba saSual qarTuls: kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTII piris brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatva ara Tu Semcirebuli, arameduCveulod momatebulia. igive formebi Tanamedrove qarTulisTvisac araaucxo. amaze qvemoT visaubrebT.b) Zvel qarTulSi mesame piris brZanebiTs sakuTari piris niSanihqonda. Tanamedrove qarTulSi es mawarmoebeli aRar ixmareba, maTadgils kavSirebiTis mwkrivebidan nasesxebi formebi ikavebs. mesame pirSi24

ZanebiTis formebis nacvlad kavSirebiTis formaTa gamoyeneba ZvelqarTulSive gvxvdeba, magaliTad:nuraraÁ gglian, ute _ mokudes (SuS., 40,2).romelica gangebaÁ da wesi enebos, igica daudvas monastersa da maszedaca gankanonos da Sina da gare, viTarca enebos, egreT ganagos (iov.da efT., 183,43).waruZRuano ege Tfilis qalaqsa arvand guSnasps, qarTlisa marzapansa,da raÁ igi Sehgvandes, man uyos (evst., 45,44).da viTarca micvalebulTa mamaTaTÂs xanZTaÁ ganmiwesebia, egrÀTve iyossamarxavi micvalebulTa dedaTaÁ aw SÀnebulsa mas (xanZT., 108,26)....arseni kaTalikozi nebiTa RmrTisaÁTa kaTalikoz ars da ZÂrismetyuelTamisTa, romelTa ara Seinanon, kdemul iyvnen da sruliadhrcxuenes amas sawuTrosa da mas saukunesa (xanZT., 131,3).RmerTman mogagos nacvali mgzavrobisa SenisaÁ (zarz., 93,23).wmidao mamao, raÁca amaT obolTa Tana hqmna, RmerTman miagos sulsaSensa (iov. da efT., 180,12).da yovelnive natyuenavi maTi Seni iyos (iov. da efT., 180,35).da hrqua mas: “iqmnes nebisaebr Senisa, mamao” (ilar., 172,39).mesame piris brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebiTsayuradRebo daskvna gaakeTa n. kotinovma: qarTuli oTxTavis teqstebismixedviT irkveva, rom adiSis (C) redaqciaSi gamoiyeneba brZanebiTisspecifikuri formebi, xolo mis sapirispirod, jruW-parxlis (DE)redaqciaSi _ kavSirebiTis formebi. es wesi, mcire gamonaklisis garda,TiTqmis sistematuradaa gatarebuli (kotinovi 1986: 41), mag:da ukueTu iyos mun ZÀ mSÂdobisaÁ ganisuenos mis zeda mSÂdobamanTquenman, ukueTu ara_Tquendave moiqces (l., DE).Sdr.: ukueTu ara_Tquendave moiqecin (l., 10,16 C).ukueTu vinme mokudes da ara dauSTes Svili, SeirTos coli misiZmaman misman da aRudginos mkÂdri Zmasa TÂssa (m., DE).Sdr.: mo-Tu-vinme-kudes uSviloÁ, esiZen mas ZmaÁ misi colsa mas missazeda..aRudginen mkÂdri Zmasa TÂssa (m., 22,24C).25

avtori varaudobs, rom qarTul oTxTavSi mesame piris brZanebiTisgamoxatvis aseTi redaqciuli sxvaoba SeiZleba imaze miuTiTebdes, romkavSirebiTis mwkrivis gamoyeneba brZanebiTi kilos gadmosacemad erTromelime dialeqts axasiaTebda, Semdgom am principma saerTo gavrcelebapova. es ki mauwyebelia saliteraturo enaSi dialeqtebis perioduliintensivobisa (kotinovi 1986: 41).imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mesame piris brZanebiTi kilos mniSvnelobisgadmocema kavSirebiTis mwkriviT adre dawyebula da damkvidrebula,SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom es formebi cocxali metyvelebisTvis iyodamaxasiaTebeli.1.3.4. ukuTqmiTi brZanebiTi Zvel qarTulSiakrZalviTs, anu ukuTqmiT brZanebiTs sakuTari mwkrivi ar gaaCnda daarc amJamad gaaCnia. sayuradReboa, rom is warTqmiTi brZanebiTismwkriviT ki ar sargeblobs, aramed sxva kiloTagan sesxulobs formebs.es kiloebia: TxrobiTi da kavSirebiTi (SaniZe 1953: 211-212).saerTod, qarTulSi cnobilia sami saxis uaryofa: martivi (arnawilakiani), SesaZleblobis uaryofa (ver nawilakiani), da akrZalva (nunawilakiani), amaTgan SesaZleblobis uaryofa brZanebiTs ver egueba. racSeexeba ar da nu nawilakebs, ukuTqmiT brZanebiTSi Tavisuflad ixmarebarogorc erTi, ise meore, oRond ar nawilakis darTvisas zmnakavSirebiTis formiT warmogvidgeba (ar gaakeTo), nu nawilakianibrZanebiTi ki iyenebda awmyos formas, Tanamedrove qarTulSi myofadisformasac iyenebs (WumburiZe 1986: 60), magaliTad:nu odes damiviwyeb da nuca gare ukun-aqcev meoxebad da Ruawadganmzadebulsa pirsa Sensa ... (zarz., 98,1).nu daimcireb dReTa cxorebisa SenisaTa qristianebisaTÂs da nu qurivsuam colsa Sensa da obol SÂlTa SenTa da nu moswydebi moyuasTaSenTa amas cxorebasa (evst., 53,28).gevedrebi, wmidano, nu daamZimebT Cemzeda saTxovelsa (zarz., 90,17).26

...aramed nu damiviwyeb Cuen, adgilisa Senisa wmidisa mkÂdrTa da nergTamadlTa SenisaTa (xanZT., 106,37).Semdgom or magaliTSi nu nawilaki kavSirebiTis formasTanaadadasturebuli, rac ar aris damaxasiaTebeli Zveli qarTuliteqstebisTvis, magram iSviaTad mainc gvxvdeba (erTgan SeiZleba esmovlena imiT iyos gamowveuli, rom nu nawilaki da zmna-SemasmeneligaTiSulia sxva sityvebiT):gina Tevzsa sTxovdes, gueli nu misces mas (m., 7,10).nu Tevzisa wil gueli mihsces mas (l., 11,12).kavSirebiTis mwkrivis formebi, Cveulebriv, ar nawilakTan gvxvdeba:ara moakldes mTavrobaÁ SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa queyanaTaamaT ukunisamde JamTa (xanZT., 110,14).ara cili hfuco (m., 5,33).ara SfoTi iyos ersa Soris (m., 26,5).z. WumburiZe Tavis naSromSi gvaZlevs nu da ar nawilakianibrZanebiTebis gamoyenebis Sefardebas. irkveva, rom xanmet leqcionarSinu nawilaki xuTjer gvxvdeba. maTgan samjer awmyosTan, orjer _ awmyosxolmeobiTTan, kavSirebiTTan ki arc erTxel. oTxTavis xanmet teqstSi,romelic l. qajaiam gamosca, ukuTqmiTi brZanebiTis formebSi nunawilaki naxmaria awmyos formebTan 33-jer, awmyos xolmeobiTTan _ 14-jer, kavSirebiTTan ki _ sul ara. oTxTavis uZveles readqciebSi,rogorc i. imnaiSvilis mier Sedgenili simfonia-leqsikonidan Cans, nuuaryofiTi nawilakis 150-mde SemTxveva dasturdeba da aqedan mxolod 8-jer gvxvdeba igi kavSirebiTTan, danarCen SemTxvevebSi ki zmna yvelazexSirad awmyos mwkrivSi dgas (zmniswiniT Tu uzmniswinod) (WumburiZe1986: 61).amave naSromSi z. WumburiZe varaudobs, rom swored nu nawilakianibrZanebiTebis zmniswiniani awmyos formebSi moxda pirvelad momavalidrois axleburi (zmniswiniani) warmoebis Camoyalibeba. Aam varaudissasargeblod vityviT Semdegs: ar nawilakiani brZanebiTebi kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT axerxebdnen momavali drois Sinaarsis Sevsebas (brZanebiTikilosTvis aucilebelia momavali drois gageba), nu nawilakianma27

ZanebiTebma ki, rogorc Cans, am naklis amosavsebad aiZula zmniswinianiawmyos formebi, momavali drois Sinaarsi gamoexataT.vfiqrobT, es mosazreba kidev erTxel adasturebs im faqts, rom e.w.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebisTvis umTavresi swored momavali droisgamoxatvis funqcia iyo.1.3.5. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gadmocemulia kavSirebiTi kilokavSirebiTis erT-erTi funqciaa, gamoxatos sakuTriv kavSirebiTikilo. es funqcia sxvadasxva modalur niuanss moicavs: SesaZlos,natvriTs savaraudos, savaldebulos, saeWvos, pirobiTs da a.S.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT kavSirebiTi kilo gamoixateba ZiriTadaddamokidebul winadadebaSi. kavSirebad gamoiyeneba raÁTa (>raTa), Tu,raJams, nuukue, viTar (viTar-me), ukueTu, RaTu, daRaTu, daRaTuca, da(rom kavSiris mniSvnelobiT). yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba raÁTa (>raTa)kavSirebi, aseT SemTxvevaSi rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebulinawili miznis garemoebiTia, magaliTad:xolo ese morwmunisa da keTilad msaxurisa queyanisagan gamoiyvanaamis mizezisaTÂs, raÁTa uqmTa udabnoTa Sina gamobrwyindes sanTeli esedauvsebeli, brwyinvalÀ zeda sasanTlesa mas maRalsa, zeTiTa miTganuparveliTa, raÁTa Ãmasa mas da oxrasa sayvirisasa aRetyinos daganbrwyindes suliTa ZlieriTa... (xanZT., 102,17).da amis pirisaTÂs warvida vidre avidosamde, raÁTa mier povos navi(cxr. iov. da efT., 33,2).miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavar winadadebaSi misaTiTebel sityvebadgamoyenebulia mizezis garemoebebi _ amis pirisaTÂs, amis mizezisaTÂs _damokidebuli winadadebebi bolo or magaliTSi miznisaa. miznisdamokidebulia Semdegi winadadebebic:viTar gegulebis, miTxar me, raÁTa uwyodi da aRvwero SromaÁ Seni(SuS., 36,5).mcired mgebdiT me, Zmano Cemno,...raÁTa viloco me RmrTisa CemisamimarT (evst., 53,41).28

aRwere martvilobaÁ wmidisa mowamisa haboÁsi da aRwerili CvenmogÂZRuane, raÁTa umetÀsad locva vyoT SenTÂs (abo, 55,23).“raÁTa” kavSiriani damokidebuli winadadeba kavSirebiTi kilosgagebiT SeiZleba damatebiTi iyos, aseT SemTxvevaSic “raÁTas”mniSvneloba aris “rom”:iTxovdes misgan yovelni igi episkoposni da aznaurni erTabamad, raÁTaborkili igi ferxTaÁ brZanos sacod da nakurTxevad yovelTaTÂs (SuS.,.43,14).amas gevedrebi, ufalo Cuno, iesu qriste, raÁTa guami Cemi daemarxosmcxeTas (evst., 53,22).jer-ars Cemdaca, dResa amas, raÁTa ganviZarcvo SiSi ÃorcTa amaTCemTaÁ,...da STavÃde...Soris qalaqsa amas da naTel viRo sisxliTa CemTada...merme kualad STavÃde wyalTaca da kualad ganvnaTlde (abo, 65,39).kavSirebiTi kilos gagebaa ukueTu, Tu kavSirian pirobiT damokidebulwinadadebebSi:ukueTu Semkras da miTrios, mixaris, rameTu miT saxiTa iyos ganCinebaÁCemi misgan (SuS., 36,46).ukueTu visme hwyurodis, movedin Cemda (i.,7,37).ukueTu Tuali Seni gacTunebdes, aRmoiRe igi (mrk., 9,47).ukueTu isminos Cemi ufalman, anu Tu gansajnes sityuani Cemni(iob., 9,15).Tu vinme aRiaros magaTganman mamuli rCuli, ganuteveT da CemdamoawieT da me ganvamdidro igi boZiTa didiTa, xolo romelman mamulirCuli ara aRiaros, igi sapyrobilesa Sina mokuedin (evst., 46,25).unda iTqvas, rom kilos gagebis mxriv es magaliTebi meryevia, amgvarwinadadebebSi SeiZleba TxrobiTi kiloc igulisxmebodes momavalidrois gagebiT (pirobiT damokidebul winadadebebSi gamovleniliagarkveuli urTierTmimarTebebi kavSirsa da zmna-Semasmenels Soriskilos gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT, romlis Sesaxeb cota qvemoTvisaubrebT).kavSirebiTia kilo RaTu, daRaTu, daRacaTu kavSirebian daTmobiTdamokidebul winadadebebSi, magaliTad:viyo RaTu marTal, arave isminos Cemi (iob., 9,15).29

yovelni RaTu dabrkolden, xolo me ara (mrk., 14,29).daRaTu Svid gzis Segcodos Sen..., mouteve mas (l., 6,3).RaTu iyos Sen Tana sikudili Cemi, arasada uvar-gyo Sen (m., 26,35).daRacaTu cecxliTa da tanjÂTa aRmasroÂloT me, araÁ oÂar-vyosamebaÁ wmidaÁ (sas. p., 3,14).xolo daRacaTu ficxel iyos, daRacaTu velur gonebiTa qmari igi,saWiro ars tÂTvaÁ misi colisagan (equsT., 87,32).kavSirebiTi kilo ixmareba nuukue nawilakian SesaZleblobis SinaarsiswinadadebebSi, magaliTad:nuukue cnas da momklas me (SuS., 37,47).xuces miuZRuanoa samkauli ese misi? nuukue iTxovdes (SuS., 38,13)....”nuukue mTavarTagansa visme ecolos” (SuS., 41,5).da merme hrqua, viTarmed: “viTar-igi gÂÃms Cuen, nuukue da ver gaagono(iov. da efT., 185,27)....SeeSina, nuukue amis saxisaTÂs zRvevaÁ raÁme sulieri SeamTxÂosRirssa mas da TÂssaca sulsa (iov. da efT., 182,17).aw nuukue dayenebiTa enisa CemisaÁTa qebasa Sensa daeyenos CemTÂscamoRuawebaÁ meoxebisa SenisaÁ qristÀs mimarT (abo, 69,29).kavSirebiTi kilo da TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro xSirad saziarogagebas iZleva, aseTi viTarebaa Semdeg winadadebebSic:raÁTa raJams geuwyos sikudili Cemi, mswrafl wariReT guami CemimcxeTas da mun damarxeT, sada naTel viRe (evs. 54,18), _ raJams geuwyossikudili Cemi SeiZleba ornairad gavigoT: roca geuwyoT Cemi sikvdilida roca geuwyebaT Cemi sikvdili.da raÁ igi Sehgvandes, man uyos (evst., 45,45), _ rac Seeferebodes anrac Sesaferisi iqneba.gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi mTavari winadadebis zmna-Semasmenlis mwkrivi angariSs gauwevs damokidebuli winadadebis zmna-Semasmenels: Tu damokidebulSi kavSirebiT kilos vigulisxmebT,mTavarSi III piris brZanebiTi unda vivaraudoT, xolo, Tu damokidebulwinadadebaSi TxrobiTi kilos momaval dros vivaraudebT, mTavarSicTxrobiTi kilos momavali dro iqneba gadmocemuli.30

1.4.kavSirebiTi kilos gamomxatveli formebis adgili hipotaqsisgenezisis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiTrogorc vxedavT, kavSirebiTi kilos gamovlena ZiriTadad rTuliqvewyobili winadadebebis damokidebul nawilSia SesaZlebeli, amdenadmigvaCnia, rom hipotaqsis sakiTxis genezisis garkveva erTgvaraddagvexmareba kavSirebiTi kilos warmomavlobis dadgenaSi.hipotaqsis warmomavlobis problema TavisTavad Zalian rTulia da, raTqma unda, am problemis kvleva-Zieba scildeba Cvens miznebs. naSromSiwarmodgenilia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebis Sejereba damcdeloba imisa, rom axsna moeZebnos im faqts, Tu ratom xvdebakavSirebiTi kilos Sinaarsis mqone formebi rTuli qvewyobiliwinadadebis damokidebul nawilSi.qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi hipotaqsis warmomavlobissakiTxze araerTi saintereso naSromi arsebobs, romlebSicsafuZvlianadaa ganxiluli qarTuli enis kavSirebi _ mimarTebiTi damisamarTi sityvebis urTierTobebi, maTi morfologiuri Tu sintaqsurianalizi, romelTa safuZvelzec warmodgenilia mosazrebebi rTuliwinadadebis warmomavlobaze (dondua 1957; rogava 1948; erTeliSvili 1962;ZiZiguri 1973).hipotaqsis sakiTxze msjelobisas g. rogavas ganxiluli aqvs gasulisaukunis cnobili slavistebis mier gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi hipotaqsisgenezisis Sesaxeb da sagangebod aqvs aRniSnuli, rom damokidebuliwinadadeba (kerZod rusul enaSi) warmoSobilia kiTxviTi winadadebissafuZvelze: kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi da zmnisarTebi gadaiqcnendamokidebuli winadadebebis kavSirebad, mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebad damimarTebiT zmnisarTebad. Zveli qarTuli teqstebis ganxilvis Sedegadman wamoayena varaudi, romlis mixedviTac yoveli saxis damokidebuliwinadadeba qarTulSi warmoSobiT kiTxviTi winadadebaa: SemaerTebelkavSirebad aseT winadadebebs mxolod kiTxviTi winadadebebisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli saSualebani aqvs gamoyenebuli, kerZod, kiTxviTinacvalsaxelebi da kiTxviTi zmnisarTebi, romlebic mimarTebiTi31

nawilakebis darTvis Sedegad gadaiqcnen damokidebuli winadadebiskavSirebad, mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebad da mimarTebiT zmnisarTebad(rogava 1948: 365).avtorma daasaxela eqvsi ZiriTadi kiTxviTi sityva - nacvalsaxeli dazmnisarTi: vin, ra, romeli, sad, odes, Tu, romelTagan, misi TqmiT,nawarmoebia sxva kiTxviTi sityvebi: sadauri, rodindeli, ramdeni,rogori da sxv. es eqvsi ZiriTadi kiTxviTi sityva, umetesadnawilakdarTuli, gamoiyeneba qarTuli qvewyobili winadadebebiskavSirebad (rogava 1948: 367).am mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod f. erTeliSvils miaCnia, rom kiTxviTinacvalsaxelebisTvis kiTxviTobis gamoxatva Tavdapirvelad ar yofilaerTaderTi funqcia. kiTxviTobis paralelurad es nacvalsaxelebi dazmnizedebi ganusazRvrelobiT Sinaarssac gadmoscemdnen. amgvarad,mimarTebiTad kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi da zmnizedebi ki ar arisgamoyenebuli, aramed nacvalsaxelebi da zmnizedebi, romlebic erTSemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda kiTxviTi da meore SemTxvevaSi _ganusazRvrelobiTi Sinaarsis yofiliyvnen. Sesabamisad, damokidebuliwinadadebis genezisis sakiTxi saZebnelia mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebs,zmnizedebsa da ganusazRvrelobiTi Sinaarsis mqone nacvalsaxelebsa dazmnizedebs Soris kavSirSi. aseTi kavSiri ki, mkvlevaris azriT, arsebobs:Zvel qarTulSi vin SeiZleba udrides mniSvnelobiT vinme-s, ra _ raÁme-s,romeli _ zogs ( _ romelime-s), sada _ sadme-s, magram ZvelsaveqarTulSi mniSvnelobaTa sadiferenciaciod ganusazRvrelobiTiSinaarsis mqone nacvalsaxelebsa da zmnizedebs metwilad ukve -menawilaki aqvT darTuli da kiTxviTi Sinaarsis nacvalsaxelebisaganformaluradac arian gamijnulni.ganusazRvrelobiTi da mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebisTvis saerTo arisfunqcia, rac sxva sityvis mimarT gansazRvrebaSi gamoixateba; gansxvavebaki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi ganusazRvrelobiTiSinaarsisgan daclili arian da yvela calkeul SemTxvevaSiiZenen konkretul mniSvnelobas im sityvisas, romelsac isinimiemarTebian. gamonaklisia sada zmnizeda, romelic sxva sityvasTan32

mimarTebis gareSec gadmogvcems adgilis mniSvnelobas. maSasadame,avtoris daskvniT, vin, ra, romeli, sada sityvebi SeiZlebodaxmarebuliyo kiTxviTi, ganusazRvrelobiTi da mimarTebiTi mniSvnelobiT.mimarTebiTad xmarebis funqcia meoreuli Cans da ganusazRvrelobiTSinaarss unda emyarebodes. aRniSnul mniSvnelobaTa formaluradgamijvnis saSualebad is faqtia misaCnevi, rom mogviano qarTulSikiTxviTi Sinaarsis mqone nacvalsaxelebis fuZeebi nawilaks ar irTaven,ganusazRvrelobiTi Sinaarsis mqoneni -me nawilaks imateben damimarTebiTis Sinaarsisani ki Zvel qarTulSi _ -igi, -ege, -ese, -raÁ, -mca, -ca nawilakebs, xolo axal qarTulSi _ -c(a) nawilaks irTaven(erTeliSvili 1963: 212).Cven viziarebT mosazrebas damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxviTiwinadadebidan momdinareobis Sesaxeb da vfiqrobT, rom f. erTeliSvilisvaraudi amave sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT xels ar unda uSlides mismarTebulobas. Tu mTel rig magaliTebSi nacvalsaxelebsa da zmnizedebsganusazRvrelobiTi mniSvnelobac aqvs, ris mixedviTac igi funqciuradukavSirdeba mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebs, rac sxva sityvis mimarTgansazRvrebaSi gamoixateba (arca saWmeli raÁ miiRis (SuS. XI, 2); xoloZmani romelni warvides taZarsa wmidaTaA mociqulTasa locvad, daromelnime Sina davSTiT (mTwm. 336, 14); maSin erTs sad alagas Saiyrebasoflis qal-zali da kacebi xatSi (xevsur. 145, 8)) (magaliTebi dasax.naSromidanaa: erTeliSvili 1963: 211), unda iTqvas, kiTxviTinacvalsaxelebis Sinaarsic ganusazRvrelia, kiTxvaSi _ romeli megobarimovida? _ romeli nacvalsaxeli ganusazRvreli Sinaarsis mqonea,gansazRvrul saxes winadadeba ase miiRebs: ... romelic guSin iyo CvenTan.amdenad, Cven gvgonia, rom damokidebuli winadadeba erTgvari SebrunebaakiTxviTi winadadebisa, gansazRvraa misi romelime sityvisa, ufro metidazustebis mcdeloba.ar aris aucilebeli, rom yvela tipis damokidebuli winadadebaerTnairad momdinareobdes kiTxviTi winadadebebidan vfiqrobT, esprocesi unda yofiliyo martividan rTul qvewyobil winadadebamdegadasvlis sawyisi etapi.33

kavSirebis Seswavlam S. ZiZiguri miiyvana daskvnamde, romlismixedviTac qarTul enaSi qvewyobis konstruqcia momdinareobs Tanwyobiskonstruqciidan. mkvlevaris azriT, qarTuli enis ganviTarebis imuZveles safexurebze, rodesac hipotaqsuri Sexamebani ar arsebobda,mimarTebiTnacvalsaxeliani konstruqciis dasabam konstruqciad undamiviCnioT parataqsuli Sewyoba ori winadadebisa, romelTaganac erTikiTxviT winadadebas warmoadgenda. kiTxviT winadadebaSi mocemuli iyokiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli, misamarTi sityva da Semasmeneli, rogorcaucilebeli elementebi (ZiZiguri 1973: 453).axla davubrundeT CvenTvis saintereso kiTxvas _ ratom xvdebakavSirebiTi kilos Sinaarsis mqone formebi rTuli qvewyobiliwinadadebis damokidebul nawilSi? _ yovelive zemoTqmulisgaTvaliswinebiT vityviT, rom, savaraudod, kavSirebiTi kilo undaCasaxuliyo kiTxviT winadadebebSi. ra gvaZlevs am varaudis safuZvels:Zvel qarTulSi (saSualsa da axalSic) kavSirebiTi kilos Sinaarsiszmna gvxvdeba sxvadasxva saxis winadadebaSi. es winadadebebi SeiZlebaiyos martivic, Serwymulic, rTuli Tanwyobilica da rTuliqvewyobilic. mniSvnelovania, rom aseTi winadadebebi yovelTvis kiTxviTiintonaciisa, kiTxviTi sityviT an mis gareSe, magaliTad:da Cuen amis yovlisa Semoqmedi RmerTi dauteoT da amas RmrTisadabadebulsa RmerTad vxadodeTa? (evst., 52,48).amaTgan-Ra SeviSino, merme didTa mTavarTa winaSe viTar warvdge (evst.,45,22).xuces, miuZRuanoa samkauli ese misi? (SuS., 38,13).me dedakaci var ucxoÁ da vidre vide ucxoTa naTesavTa Tana? (nino220,30).moZRuar, raÁ vqmne, raÁTa cxorebaÁ saukunoÁ davimkvidro? (l., 10,25).sasumeli, romeli momca me mamaman, ara Sevsua? (i., 18,11).viTar-me gaqebde, Ruawlis-mZleo wmidao mowameo? (abo, 71,15).aw viTar Seuracx vyo igi da verCde brZanebasa Sensa da rCulsaTquensa (kost.kax., 77,24).Sen xar momavali igi anu sxuasa movelodiT? (udabn. mr., 231,27).34

ukueTu marili wbil iyos, raÁTa daimarilos? (mrk., 9,50).raÁTa vcna ese, rameTu me moxucebul var... (l., 1,18).vfiqrobT, kavSirebiTi kilo kiTxviTi intonaciis mqone winadadebebSiCaisaxa Tavdapirvelad, ris gamoc hipotaqsuri konstruqciisCamoyalibebis procesSi am kilos Sinaarsis formebi damokidebulwinadadebaSi moeqca. Tumca kavSirebiTi kilos gamoxatva martodamokidebuli winadadebebis upiratesobad ar darCa. sakmaod xSiradgamoiyeneba Zvel qarTulSi, saSual da Tanamedrove qarTulSic kiTxviTiintonaciis mqone winadadebebSi (kavSirebiTi kilos Semcveli kiTxviTiwinadadebebi qarTulSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa: ra vqna? ra movaxerxo?gavakeTo? avaSeno? vis mivmarTo? sad wavide? rogor moviqce? da a.S.).amgvar winadadebebSi kavSirebiTi kilos sxvadasxva modaluri niuansisgamovlena kiTxviT intonacias evaleba, xolo –a, -o, -e, -i mwkrivisniSnebiT momavali drois Sinaarsia gamoxatuli.garkveulia, rom kilos funqciur-semantikuri kategoria gamoixatebaenis morfologiur, sintaqsur-leqsikur da sxvadasxva konkretulsaSualebaTa erTobliobiT (oqropiriZe 1975: 296). kavSirebiTi kilomimarTavs kiTxviT intonacias, garkveul sintaqsur konstruqciebs,kavSirebsa da nawilakebs, romlebic Sesabamisi modaluri niuansebiTarian aRWurvilni (Zv. qarTulSi _ nuukue, vaSaTu, Tan. qarTulSi _vinZlo, egeb, iqneb, netav, dae, TiTqos, vaiTu, mgoni, lamis, oRond daa.S.), magram saSualebaTa es erToblioba maSin avlens Tavis funqciurZalas, roca winadadebaSi momavali dro igulisxmeba (momavali droisuqonlobam aiZula nu nawilakiani brZanebiTis zmniswiniani formebi, esdro ewarmoebinaT).zemoT aRvniSneT, rom yvelanairi agebulebis damokidebuli winadadeba,SesaZlebelia, ar momdinareobdes kiTxviTi winadadebebisgan: savaraudod,“raÁTa”, “rom” kavSiriani miznis garemoebiTi damokidebuli dadamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebebi unda momdinareobdes ZveliqarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli masdar-infinitividan.masdar-infinitivi Zvel qarTulSi araerTxel aris Seswavlili. masspecialuri naSromi miuZRvna a. martirosovma. avtori ganixilavs mis35

yvela funqcias da bolos akvnis, rom Zvel qarTulSi masdarsinfinitivis rigi niSnebi gaaCnda, magam ver ganviTarda: meaTe saukunidanigi gamodis xmarebidan da aqedan moyolebuli qarTulSi batondebamasdaris saxeladi funqciebi (martirosovi 1955: 58).naSromSi “saxelTa bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi” i.imnaiSvili ganixilavs sawyiss infinitivis funqciiT. avtoris daskvnaaseTia: “es konstruqcia ixmareboda ucxo enaTaA infinitiv‐is gadmosacemad”,Zvel qarTuls xSirad uxdeboda evropuli enis am kategoriis gamoxatva,radgan mas mWidro urTierToba hqonda berZulTan, berZnulSi kiinfinitivis kategoria arsebobs (imnaiSvili 1957: 182).marTalia, avtori asabuTebs, rom es kategoria ar aris qarTulniadagze warmoqmnili enobrivi movlena, magram Cven vfiqrobT, rommasdar-infinitivi qarTulSi bunebrivi da kanonzomieri faqtia, ufrometic, migvaCnia, rom masdar-infinitivi aris sawyisi etapi garkveulitipis damokidebuli winadadebebisa, kerZod, miznisa da pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebebis Camoyalibeba unda momxdariyomasdar-infinitivis safuZvelze, SeiZleba iTqvas, maTi SemdgomiganviTarebis gziT ukve sxva tipis damokidebuli winadadebebisagebulebis mixedviT.ra gvaZlevs am varaudis safuZvels? ara aqvs mniSvneloba im faqts,rom rusulSi an sxva romelime evropul enaSi Zveli qarTulisviTarebiTSi dasmuli masdaris Sesatyvisad warmodgenilia infinitiuriforma, mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu ras warmoadgens igi Zvel qarTulSi.Zvel qarTulSi ki viTarebiT brunvaSi dasmuli masdar-infinitivigadmoscems daqvemdebarebul moqmedebas, kidev ufro mniSvnelovania isfaqti, rom Zvel qarTulSi viTarebiT brunvaSi dasmul masdars hqondaSenarCunebuli sintaqsuri funqciebi: saTanado brunvebSi marTavdapirdapir da irib damatebebs, rac am kategoriis zmnis pirian formasTanganxilvisa da misi wminda qarTul movlenad miCnevis safuZvlebs iZleva,magaliTad:xolo me mcired vaiZule miRebad Wamadi (SuS., 38,8).36

aodenca SeuZlo uwyebad msmenelTa WeSmaritad Txrobili (xanZT.,99,22).meca guls-modgine viqmen uZlierÀssa Cemsa aRebad (abo., 56,15).da TÂT mefeman simravliTa erTa uricxuTaÁTa ver SeuZles aRmarTebadsam dRe da dauteves, da warvides (zedazn., 157,37).xolo man waravlina igi velad TÂsad Zovnad (l., 16.3).am winadadebebis Sesatyvisi hipotaqsuri formebi iqneboda ZvelsaveqarTulSi:xolo me mcired vaiZule, raÁTa miiRos Wamadi,raodenca SeuZlo, raÁTa vauwyo msmenelTa...TÂT mefeman simravliTa erTa uricxuTaÁTa ver SeuZles, raÁTamcaaRmarTes (sueti) sam dRe da dauteves, da wavides,xolo man waravlina igi velad Tvisad, raÁTa Zovos da a.S.Tanamedrove qarTulSi am formebis sanacvlod rTuli qvewyobiliwinadadebebi gamoiyeneba (masdar-infinitivTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebiaxali araa, isini Seswavlilia da miTiTebuli mecnierebis mierspecialur literaturaSi: martirosovi 1955: 58; imnaiSvili 1957: 182;CxubianiSvili 1972; kotinovi 1986: 62).swored “raÁTa”,“rom” kavSiriani qvewyobili winadadebis gamoyenebainfinitiuri konstruqciis nacvlad gvaZlevs imis safuZvels, rom eskonstruqciebi (masdar-infinitiuri) CavTvaloT miznisa da damatebiTdamokidebuli winadadebebis sawyis konstruqciad, xolo dasaxelebulidamokidebuli winadadebebi misi logikuri ganviTarebis Sedegad.arsebiTad, aseTive (masdaruli) warmomavloba unda hqondes e.w.undaobiT formebs (aseve yvela modalurzmnian konstruqcias), romlebicsxva araferia, Tu ara damatebiT damokidebuli winadadebebi. amis Sesaxebcota qvemoT gveqneba saubari.37

I Tavis daskvnebi:1. kavSirebiTi da brZanebiTi kiloebi TavianT modalur niuansebs veravlenen momavali drois gareSe, momavali dro ki axerxebs neitralurkiloSi (TxrobiTSi) Tavisi funqciis gamoxatvas, rac imas niSnavs, romkavSirebiTi da brZanebiTi kilo ver Camoyalibdeboda, Tu momavali droar iqneboda gadmocemuli raRac formiT. e. i., Tu davubrundebiTmomavali droisa da kavSirebiTi kilos urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs,daskvna erTi iqneba: momavali dro win uswrebs kilos Casaxvas, ufrozustad, momavali drois wiaRSi Camoyalibda kavSirebiTi kiloca dabrZanebiTi kiloc.2. momavali dro win uswrebs kavSirebiTi kilos Casaxvas, Tumca kilossxvadasxva niuansi momavali drois gaCenasTan erTad, mis wiaRSi undamomxdariyo.3. e.w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebis ganxilvisas mkveTrad undagaimijnos erTmaneTisgan kavSirebiTis mwkrivi da kavSirebiTi kilo:kavSirebiTi kilo e.w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi Semavali erT-erTimniSvnelovani elementia momaval drosTan erTad.4. -a, -o, -e, -i niSnebi kavSirebiTis mwkrivis mawarmoeblebia.5. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciaTagan TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois gamoxatvis funqciaa umTavresi.6. kavSirebiTi kilo Zvel qarTulSi gadmoicema ara marto rTuliqvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi, is gvaqvs aseve kiTxviTiintonaciis mqone martivi agebulebis winadadebebSi. aseTi winadadebebiSeiZleba iyos kiTxviTi sityviT an mis gareSe. kavSirebiTi kilopirvelad amgvari tipis (kiTxviT) winadadebebSi unda Casaxuliyo.38

Tavi IIkavSirebiTis mwkrivTa warmoeba da funqciebi saSualiperiodis qarTulSi2.1. -d da -od savrcobian zmnaTa niSnebi I kavSirebiTis mwkrivSisaorientacio ZeglebSi dasrulebulia -d da -od savrcobiani zmnebisunifikaciis procesi _ -od savrcobiani pirveli kavSirebiTis mwkrivi -eniSans dairTavs.Zvel qarTulSi saqme sxvagvarad iyo: pirveli kavSirebiTi or niSansuCvenebda: e-s, romelic -d savrcobianebs daesmoda da -i-s _ -odsavrcobian zmnebTan.-od savrcobiani zmnebis pirveli seriis axleburi warmoeba specialurliteraturaSi TariRdeba X saukuniT da es procesi -d savrcobianizmnebis zegavlenis Sedegadaa miCneuli (SaniZe 1945: 835).gamoTqmulia varaudi am procesis xelSemwyobi mizezebis Sesaxebac. z.sarjvelaZis azriT, pirveli seriis axleburi warmoebis procesi masSemdeg unda momxdariyo, rac -d savrcobian zmnebs uwyvetelsa da pirvelbrZanebiTSi gauCndaT e. w. narTauli i. narTauli i, saliteraturomonacemebiT, uwyvetelsa da pirvel brZanebiTSi IX saukunidan iCens Tavs(cocxal metyvelebaSi ki aseTi formebi erTi-ori saukuniT ufro adreamainc savaraudebeli) (sarjvelaZe 1984: 161).amitom moulodneli ar aris is faqti, rom -od savrcobiani zmnebi Cvenmier ganxilul ZeglebSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSnad -e-s aCvenebs.maSasadame, -d da -od savrcobiani zmnebis unifikaciis procesisaorientacio masalis mixedviT ZiriTadad dasrulebulia, gansxvavebuliviTareba mogvca mxolod Tedo Jordanias “qronikebis” masalam, sadacadreuli periodis sigel-gujrebSi -od savrcobian zmnebTan aqa-iqkavSirebiTis mwkrivis mawarmoeblad -i niSani Segvxvda (-od-i).aqve Tavi iCina -od savrcobian zmnaTa mravlobiTi ricxvis rogorc -odian daboloebam, aseve Zveli qarTulis -odian mawarmoebelsa da axaliqarTulis -oden daboloebas Soris gardamavalma safexurma _ -odin(SaniZe 1945: 842), magaliTad:39

1103 w. Zeglis weraÁ wmidisa da RTiv Sekrebulisa krebisaÁ... :kualad amasca ganvasazRvrebT. raTa amieridgan arRara ekurTxeodingÂrgÂni CCÂlTa qal ymaTa (qron., 64, 19).XIII s. gelaTuri tyavis xelnaweri, epistole miwelili giorgis mierdidisa mis Seyenebulisa... :...raTa cnas ese Teslman sxuaman da Svilni, romel iSvebodian, aRdgen,da miuTxrobden mamani maTni SvilTa TÂsTa (qron., 76,36).XIII sauk., igive werili:xolo ukeTu Zmasa Sensa ara usmenden da wina aRudgebodian, amxilos(qron., 87,25).XII sauk., xelnaweri quTaisis taZarSi, soboroSi:xolo saWiro ars Tqmad TÂT misda TeodoritesTÂsca raTa uwyodiT(qron., 40, 20).XIII sauk., w’dis evTime-mTawmidelis werili:da ukeTu vinme eziarebodis, eziaros...; da ukeTu ara eziarebodisegreTve samÃrisaÁ ilocos... (qron., 84,10).1250 _ 1260 w., SiomRvimis sigeli:da vinca da ramanc guarman Cuenman dResiT gTxovos da ano gerCodis,krulmca ars (qron., 152,31).XII _ XIII sauk., aRapi #140, aTonis 1074 wlis xelnawerisa:“... vinc sneul iyos, igi eurvodis” (qron., 154, 35).-od savrcobian zmnebSi -i niSani kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad, TedoJordanias qronikebis mixedviT, XII _ XIII sauk.-is ZeglebSi iCens mxolodTavs, isic kantikuntad (sul aTiode magaliTi moiZebna). erTi magaliTidadasturda XVI saukunis sigelSi:1519 w., xeliT dawerili gelaTis sigeli:...awca isive pirveli sawiravi ganuCineT, asi TeTri mierTmeodis (vinc?)samaradisod awirvinebdes... (qron., 343,9).ZiriTadad -od savrcobiani I kavSirebiTi mainc -e mawarmoebelsdairTavs (-ode) “qronikebSi”, mag:1259w., rkonis sigeli:40

...da viTar (gvineb)ebia rome Cveni begara gamosaRebi arasferisTana araeTxoebodes ra (qron., 144,5).1259 w., igive sigeli:Tu miwai daukacurdebodes, raisaganca qrTamiTa glexi nu daityuenvis(qron., 137,14).1532w. sigeli sinod. kant. mcxeTisa #315:kvicebi gaisyidvodes, misi navaWri sasaydrod daidebodes (qron., 378,2).moiZebna winadadeba, romelSic orive mawarmoebeli _ -od-e da -od-ierTadaa warmodgenili I kavSirebiTis niSnad, magaliTad:XIII sauk. werili giorgi mTawmidlis biografis giorgi monazonisa:aramed CuÀn, moÃsenebiTa SromaTa da RuawlTa maTTaTa dRiTi-dRefrTovan viqmnebodeT, baZvad saTnoebaTaAmaTTa warvematebodiT (qron.,77,37).rac Seexeba Cven mier ganxilul sxva Zeglebs, arc erT maTganSi IkavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSnad -i mawarmoebeli ar dadasturebula, yvela -e niSans warmoadgens, mag.:kargTa ymaTasa viqmodeT mowmad CvenTana xlebasa (vefx., 70,g).ra mijnuri velTa rbodes, marto unda gasaWrelad (vefx., 167,b).Cemad naxvad movidodes, Sen viTamca gaSikobdes (vefx., 389,g).ukuvhyivle: “aw gamoCndes ar mindodes, visca vundi”! (vefx., 562,b).didi lxinia WirTa Tqma, Tu kacsa mouxdebodes (vefx., 933,bgd).bolosa Jamsa saqme ra gairyunebodes, Tavsave zeda gamoCndebis (visr.,145,13).ra avi weliwadi gualvisa movidodes,zamTarsa Seetyuebis da daaCndebis(visr., 145, 13).eseTsa Jamsa viT dageZinebis, romel Senisa moyurisa, raminis wasvlasaigonebde? (visr., 160,15).nakuTi simarTlisa isarsa uguanda da piri sisavsiTa _ mTuaresa,romelsa zeda vardi yuaodes (visr., 179,8).isari ra arasamarTlad movidodes, mSuildisa mozidvasa Seetyuebis,(visr., 145,17) da a.S.41

kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebi saSuali periodisqarTulSi2.2. kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gamoxatulia TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois mniSvneloba nebismieri agebulebis winadadebebSi: martivSi,SerwymulSi, rTul Tanwyobilsa da rTuli qvewyobili winadadebisrogorc mTavar, ise damokidebul nawilSi, mag.:a)kavSirebiTis mwkrivi TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois mniSvnelobiTmartiv winadadebebSi:erTi sakvirveli saqme mogaxseno (amir., 4,24).ara iyos mis ymisa damarTebiTi Wabuki queyanasa zedao (amir., 21,24).dRed sikudilamdis Cemamde ara Seviwyalo Tavi Cemi (amir., 30,11).me gavanaTlo Sengan dabnelebuli queyanao (amir., 70,47).miwyiv Tavisa saqmisagan inande (visr., 151,30).didiTa WiriTa hpoo visi Sen (visr., 151,22).Sen magisTvisa me ara gcemo (gur., 230, 342,b).dasabamiTgan mogiTxra ricxvi Cemisa xnisao! (gur., 170,5,a).Sevamko erTi ufali, RvTiv zeciT qveynad mkobili (gur., 27,2,g).verca vin maTqmevinos (sibrZ., 78,6).gamovscado Svilni Cemni (sibrZ., 102,5).mefobaman ver gixilos Senao! (sibrZ., 102,13).maT patron kacTa locva movaxseno (sibrZ., 159,14).ama sargebliT iÃelmwifos taxtzeda... (mef.sal., 246,5).winaSe RvTisa verasada dafaroT Tqven (esop., 285,32).b) Serwymul winadadebebSi:Seviwio RmerTi da Seganano SerTva colisa colisa Cemisa(amir., 107,42).kula wavide da vqmna kargi rame naqmarni da merme daveswrebi missaomsa meTqi (amir., 63,20).anu movikla Tavi da Wabukobisa Cemisa Zali anu vcna (amir., 63,24).SegrTo qali didebulTa CemTa da gagiqarvo yoveli Secodeba (amir.,24,39).42

anu movikla Tavi Cemi, anu viÃsna Cemi lomi abutari (amir., 22,27).mtroba siyuarulad moaqcio, me meZebde da veRar momxude (visr., 173,5).me viyo Seni sakuTari da me veZebde yovlisa Senisa sawadlisaasrulebasa (visr.,169.31).Tquen viTaRa brZanoT da gamoarCioT (visr., 148,28)....gamogicxo mWadi, giqmna SeWamadi (gur., 235,384,g).Tavs iwyevlides, ambobdes dedmamis Sesaginarsa (gur., 30,21,gd).wavide, ganjis momTxrelTa davdva muqafis niSnebi (gur., 56,210,d).SeSa da nivTebi movamzado, fasi Cemi mivsce da sixaruliT didsmefesTan wavide (sibrZ., 30,17).pirvel zarobdes da bolos uxarodes, didad siame Seeqmnas (sibrZ.,103,1).igi meranTa anu Toxariksa cxenTa jdes, gina etliTa vidodes (sibrZ.,56,8).momTmino kaci queyanasa zeda yovelTa kacTagan upatiosnesi iqneba damas saiqios angelozTa Tana ziar iqmnas (mef.sal., 247,20).g) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gamoxatulia TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro Tanwyobil winadadebaSi:kacobrivi saqme yuela kargad movavlino da guli kula RmerTmanmisces (amir., 21,15).gaikiTxe ese kaci da giambos ambavi mzisa Wabukisa da scna sikeTe daWabukoba da mogaxsenos anderZi misi (amir., 100,24).brZaneT Cuensa larsa da merme mun mogaÃsenoT Cueni ambavio (amir.,46,25).Cemsa TeTrsa taiWsa Seje da wamibezRe da vnaxo naqvTianoba ÃrmlisaSenisa (amir., 10,16).me samoTxisa rto var Sen jojoxeTsa rad daenergo (visr., 175,4).Sengan kide darbazisa Cemisa manaToblad sxua aravin vsZebno dasulisa Cemisa wamali Sengan kide aravin iyos (visr., 169,33).rqa aRgidgino, miT mterTa rqendi (gur., 112,3,i).43

gWamden gvelni da bayayni, matlSi eflodeo, eSmakni cecxlismaTraÃTa gcemden (gur., 128,50,b).RmerTo, miyav wyaloba, me Seni vsTqva galoba (gur., 142,2,g).mefesTan vTqva da mec momces wyaloba (sibrZ., 117,2).arc Zmasa Zmaze meti mihxvdes da arc Tikani dedas moswydes(sibrZ.,135,16).maS me waval, biZaCems moviyvan da man gangviyoso (sibrZ., 279,15).siwynareman yoveli saqme daaSvenos da siCqarema mravali saqmedaamarcxos (mef.sal., 277,10).d) kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gamoxatulia TxrobiTi kilos momavali drorTuli qvewyobili winadadebis rogorc mTavar, ise damokidebulnawilSi:Tu ajobosRa, davmorCilde brZanebasa Tquensa (amir., 12,36).RmerTi Suamdgomlad mogce, romel didad gmsaxuro (amir., 16,2).Cuen vqmnaT ese, romel gixuaiSnoT mefeTa mefis winaSe da gagiSuasmSuidobiT (amir., 25,7).Tu majobo, Cemsa mogiyvano purad da nadimsaca munve gardagaÃdeo(amir., 76,23).naxo maSin, raca Senzeda vqmna (visr., 166,11).Tu gSorvides da kidegnad iyo, arca misi Rone da gaZleba gqondeso(visr., 151,32).Sen mas maSin Seuyuarde da misi guli maSinRa hpoo, odesca fiWusaxisa Stosa xurma gamoesxas (visr., 156,10).odes sjad dajdes marTalmsajuli, man ganarCios yovli xvanjuli(gur., 274,24).Sen ase gataros, rom ar gagamwaros, ragind tkbil iyos? (gur.,244,456,gd).magram naTlad vsTqva naTeli, rac oden miCndes bagiTa (gur., 38,80,b).romelman hyos, igi da qveyana misi daemyaros (sibrZ., 82,1).ra kacman Tavisi mteri dainaxos, guli auduRdes da Wkua da mcnebadaefantos (sibrZ., 89,11).44

is bora buzi rom aris iman am rigad qmnas, rom Seawuxos mekalovexariviTa da Zirs CamoiRos (sibrZ., 200,17).ukeTu didTa da mcireTa Tana Sewevna SeaerTon, maT daicvan cxovrebaTvisi (esop., 285,5).raJams movides aq mgeli, movklaT Cven igi, Svilo sayvarelo (esop.,287,7).e) kavSirebiTis mwkrivi TxrobiTi kilos momavali droismniSvnelobiT SeiZleba Segvxvdes qvewyobili winadadebis mxolod mTavaran damokidebul nawilSi.mxolod mTavar winadadebebSi:mogaxseno yuela, romeli TualTa CemTa unaxavs (amir., 20,38).aw gamogcado, Tu raZi Wabuki xaro (amir., 77,32).ese dastur veravin Seguatyos, Tu ara Zmania samniveo (amir., 87,11).vinaTgan esreT ars ambavi maTi bunebad uyuars da mondomia, movaxseno,sityuaSewyobiT vTqua da vTargmno (visr., 141,14).qrTamad mogarTva oqro da vercxli, rom ar mogvidva sircxviliscecxli (gur., 198,122,ab).aw me Sen ise gagÃado, mSierman mgelman viT Txao (gur., 169,21,d).vazis mrgvelTan is ar vaqo, vinc mis nacvlad ZeZvi dargo, maze suliar warvswymido, ra gind ÃorciT davikargo (gur., 50,169,gd).mxolod damokidebul winadadebebSi:aw ra waikiTxo ese wigni, swrafiT wamodi winaSe Cuensa, romelgavixarneT naxviTa SeniTa (amir., 6,5).romelTa laSqarTa winamZRuari ese iyos, ara egebis maT laSqarTaZleva mtrisagan (amir. 23,1).romelsaca ra gauWirdes, erTmanerTsa uSueldeTo (amir., 29,45).Tu Cemsa nakravsa da-Ra-urCes, Tunda, RmerTo, Seni colic mieco(amir.,74,4).gazafxuli maSin mova, ra zamTarman mTa Sekraso (visr., 166,38).ra ese wigni waikiTxo, wamoed (visr., 184,47).ra mze Rrublisagan gamovides, sicxe maSin ufro aqus (visr., 176,30).45

vin colad SegirTuides, Seni mSobelni misgan meharsa ras iTxoven(visr., 168,46).amiT scan, rome ulvaSni da wverni misni Tan aRmoifxvras (sibrZ., 13,6).Tu damexsnebode, arca ras axla geubnebi (sibrZ., 289,13).rodisca gajavrdes kaci, marTebs rom javrs sadave dauWiros dabolo gausinjos saqmesa (mef. sal., 277,26).rodisca gajavreba Seityo Cemio, sadamdis ubrZanebde, erTi wigniÃelT mameco (mef. sal., 277,30).XVI saukunis meore naxevarSi Seqmnil samedicino wignSi “iadigardaudi”kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgamoxatva Zalian mcirdeba, ZeglSi ZiriTadad TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois axleburi, zmniswiniani warmoeba gvaqvs, Tumca es funqcia ammwkrivebs mainc SenarCunebuli aqvs garkveuli agebulebis rTulqvewyobil winadadebebSi, rogorebicaa: drois damokidebuli, pirobiTidamokidebuli, damatebiTi da qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebebi.unda iTqvas, rom amgvar winadadebebSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTikilos momavali drois gadmocema TiTqmis wesad aris gatarebuli.moviyvanT Sesabamis magaliTebs:a) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gamoxatulia TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro pirobiT damokidebul winadadebebSi:da Tu kacman es wamali svas da udroos dros kacs guli da stomaqiaeSalos dagulman reva dauwyos, ... unabisa da an tarxunas foToli ...kevsaviT aReWon da ... Caaylapon (iad., 89,17).awe, Tu kacs mklavi gauxsnan da sisxlma Seawuxos da an sisxli verdaswyviton, moitane mahmudi ... (iad., 93,33).da Tu eubnon, raca am avadmyofs iamebodes, imas unda eubnen (iad.,73,30).magra Tu avadmyofi amdenad Zalianad kargad iyos, rome mklavisgauxsneloba gasZlos da an mklavis gauxsnelad iqmnebodes, kotoSimokidon da xels nu gauxsnian (iad., 79,16)Tu amiT ar eSvelos, marjvena mklavi gauxsnan da zedaTi ZarRvidaRmankargad sisxli adinon (iad., 297,27).46

agreve, Tu enis tyavi dausqdes da ena misTvis stkiodes, es icode, eseckidev sicxisa da simxurvalisagan iqnebis (iad., 297,10).da Tu verc ima zamadi baradis tlema da verc ama wamlebma guls vergardayaros, moitane ia da vardi, ... (iad., 353,8)b) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gadmocemulia TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro drois damokidebul winadadebebSi:rodisac kaci saZilod dawves, pirvel, cotas xans marjvenas mÃarzedunda dawves da merme marcxenas mÃarzeda gadmobrundes (iad., 65,17).mzeman rom kargad amoiwveros, maSin aWamon (iad., 73,17).awe, ra kaczeda ese niSnebi naxoT, icodeT, usaTuod es seni maSarisseni aris (iad., 297,23).da rodisac kargad wveni gamoices, es wamlebi pirSiga imgubon (iad.,296,14).da ra erTi kvira gaTavdes, kideva isre qnan (iad., 92,8).sadamdi yirmizi sisxli gamouvidodes da an suni gamoeleodes dagamoecudebodes, manamdis unda sisxli adinon da ar Seswviton (iad., 93,2).sadamdi ama wamlebs aiRebdes, samsaod dRes kargaz ifarezos (iad.,87,14).g) TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro gadmocemulia damatebiTdamokidebul winadadebebSi:da rac saWmelebi aWamon, mJauniTa, isrimiTa, kowaxuriTa, ... broweulisyuaviliT aWamon (iad., 80,21).romelic iyos, kevsaviT aReWon da im foTlebis wveni ki Caaylapon(iad., 89,21).romelic iyos, ZmarSiga moaduRon da usaTuod jirkvlebsac dausvamsda tkivilsac uSvelis (iad., 298,14).vinc TeTri Sabi da Tafli ZmriTa moaduRos, xSirad pirSiga imgubos,RrZilebs gaumrTelebs da sisxls daswyvets (iad., 292,26).d) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gadmoicema TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro qvemdebarul damokidebul winadadebebSic:visac kbili Wiisagan SeWmuli qondes da misTvis stkiodes, moitanejavaSeri, ... da Wiis naWams kbilzeda daidvas (iad., 293,8).47

vinc ese xeebi moxarSos da pirSiga imgubos, kbilis tkivils uSvelos(iad., 293,13).vinc kvercxis cila da dedakacis rZe erTgan aurios da TvalSigaCaiwuros, Tvalis tkivils uSvelos. vinc cecxls bevri uyuros, Tvalistkivils uSvelos da TvalTa sinaTle misces (iad., 268,7).Tu ese yuris tkivili, sigrilis da an sicivisagan iyos, amisi niSanida alamaTi es aris, rom kacs yuri astkivdes da yurman yuili dagamotexa dauwyos. an yurman wivili da buili dauwyos (iad., 268,22).e) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT Zalian iSviaTad gamoixateba TxrobiTikilos momavali dro sxvagvari agebulebis (aradamokidebul)winadadebebSi:xan Tavi da Tvalebi erTad gausivdes da piris-saxe yirmizad eqnebis(iad., 297,20).saintereso viTareba isaxeba Tedo Jordanias “qronikebSi” kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT.“qronikebSi” Sekrebilia sxvadasxva istoriuli sabuTebi, mefis karisaTu misi saxleulobis mimowera, uZrav-moZravi qonebis miniWeba-boZebis anyidva-gayidvis xelwerilebi, yma-glexTa ganTavisuflebis an aRzevebisbrZanebebi, maTi adgil-mamulis gacvlis, dagiravebis, garigebis, mziTeviswignebi, sxvadasxva aRwerilobebi, oqmebi, aseve calkeul avtorTaistoriuli Txzulebani.es yvelaferi moicavs saSuali periodis sakmaod vrcel monakveTs, me-13 saukunis dasawyisidan me-18 saukunemde, ufro zustad 1213 wlidan 1700wlamde, Sedgenilia sxvadasxva avtoris mier sxvadasxva periodSi, maTganzogi specialurad da kargadaa ganswavluli, zogic _ naklebad, gardaamisa, isini (avtorebi) sxvadasxva dialeqturi fenis warmomadgenlebiarian. amdenad, sigel-gujrebis leqsikuri da enobrivi analizi, ra Tqmaunda, Zalian Wrel da saintereso viTarebas asaxavs.rogorc “qronikebis” mixedviT gairkva, kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa warmoebasxvadasxva funqciiT sakmaod myar suraTs aCvenebs. saerTod, isic undaiTqvas, rom dasaxelebuli mwkrivebi naklebadaa gamoyenebuli,gansakuTrebiT Zeglis im monakveTebSi, sadac istoriuli Txzulebania48

mocemuli (aseT adgilebSi ZiriTadad aoristi ixmareba). kavSirebiTismwkrivebi gamoiyeneba yvelaze xSirad uZrav-moZravi qonebis wyalobaboZebis,an yidva-gayidvis xelwerilebSi, umetesad III piris brZanebiTisfunqciiT, magram, amave dros, gvxvdeba isini yvela im daniSnulebiT, radaniSnulebac maT hqondaT Zveli qarTuli samwerlobo enis normirebulsistemaSi, maT Soris TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois funqciiTac.moviyvanT Sesabamis magaliTebs:1103w. Zeglis-wera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:romeli ese ukeTu iqmnasRa sada amieriTgan, ÃelT damsxmeli da ÃelTdasxmuli erTbamad ganikuÀTnen mRdelobisagan (qron., 62,30).1229w. rkonis sigeli:vire cocxal viyo me davdva Tavi da moviWirvo xarjisa cotasagamoRebisaTuis ama JamTaA Siga (qron., 138,11).1300w. moqvis mxatvrobiani saxareba:da vinca-vin swerdeT, viTa aqa pooT, egre dawereT; da Tu amisgan jergiCndesdaweraÁ, R’TisaTÂs sityuaTa nu scvalebT (qron., 173,18).1376w. etratis mxedrulad naweri gujari SiomRvimisa #?:vidremdis udabno ese egos ... Seni da SenTa mSobelTA salocaviukvdav iyos amas udabnosa S’a (qron., 189,29).1441w. Tfilisis sinod. kant. sigeli # 107:vinca Tquenisa saydrisa mpyrobel iqmnas da Tbileli iyos, igi nudamaklebs; da vinca damaklos, Tquen gakiTxul qmen... (qron., 251, 17).1505 _ 1526w. mcxeTis sigeli mxedruli #260:sicocxlesa Cemsa Tuinier mcxeTisa saxli da qalaqi ara aRviaro daTquen makurTxevlis Cemis iuvanes k’zisagan kide sxuasa kaTalikozsa aradavemorCilo, moZRorad da makurTxevelad Cemda w’a deda-qalaqi mcxeTada Tquen iyvneT... (qron., 330,22).1615w. warwera sveticxovelis “saqadage xatze”:...”Tu marTlad saqarTvelo Seiqmnas, iprianos RmerTman da Cven movaxsenoTamis saydrisa da sxvaca mravali kargi SevwiroT”... (qron., 441,16).1664w. gujari gedeon genaTelisa:49

Tqvenda ukiTxavad da unebliad Cven episkopozi ar davsvaT da arcaepiskoposoba gavsceT da arc aravin gardavayenoT da arc aravissawinamZRuroebi mivsceT... da vin SeaCuenoT..., sadamdis Tqven Sendoba aruboZoT da ar SearigoT, arca Cuen SevirigoT... TquenTÂs mwyalobelni,kargni da mopativeni viyuneT... ar vis davaneboT... (qron., 481,37).damowmebul magaliTebs specialurad mivuTiTeT TariRebi, raTaTvalsaCino gamxdariyo sxvadasxva periodis sigel-gujrebis msgavsebaTxrobiTi kilos momavali drois warmoebis TvalsazrisiT. rogorcvxedavT, XII, XIII, XIV, XV Tu XVI saukuneebis sigelebSi dasaxelebulifunqciiT kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebi gamoiyeneba.SevadaroT kidev erTxel da davakvirdeT:1420 _ 1428 wlebSi dawerili sinod. kant. sigeli, #250:...amave wesiTa mefeTa mlocavni viyvneT, da Tquenni momÃsenebelniviyvneT: arc patriarqi moviÃsenoT antioqiisa, arc misgan gamogzavnilikaci SeviwynaroT, arc varZiis diakoni vakurTxoT. da vinc ama Temsa anusxuagan SeaCuenoT,... agre SevaCuenoT; da visca Sen swyalobdeT, Cvencmisni mlocvelni viyuneT (qron., 227,10).1552 _ 1582w. sigeli sinod. kant. #246:... romel anu saydrisa anu sjulisa saqmezeda visca gauwyre dagamoenaxo, Cuenca gauwyreT da gamovenaxoT da sanamdis Sen ar naxo daSendoba ar misce, arca Cuen vnaxoT da arc Sendoba mivsceT (qron., 395,13).1519 _ 1529w. sin. kant. sigeli mcxeTisa #238:Tquenisa saydrisa erTgulni viyuneT da ... rac oden Zal guedvas, arcCuen dagakloT da visac sulisa saqmezed gauwyreT da SeundobladamyofoT, Cuenganca Seundobeli iyos da vinca akurTxoT, kurTxeul iyos,mowameca viyuneT (qron., 345,36).adreuli periodis sigel-gujrebSi SeimCneva garkveuli stili,romelsac ar Ralatobs mogviano periodis Zeglebic. es stiliiTvaliswinebs kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois gadmocemasac, Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom ZeglSi amave funqciiTzmniswiniani formebic xSiria.50

ogorc vxedavT, XVIII saukunemde saSuali periodis saeromwerlobisTvis ar aris iSviaTi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis gamoyenebaTxrobiTi kilos momavali drois funqciiT. sainteresoa, ra viTarebaa ammxriv ufro gviani periodis ZeglebSi.am mizniT SeviswavleT “samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa”, romelicqarTuli samarTlis yvelaze gviandeli, XVIII_XIX saukuneTa mijnazeSedgenili sakodifikacio Zeglia, masSi areklilia qarTl-kaxeTisekonomikuri da sazogadoebriv-politikuri viTareba ruseTTan SeerTebisdroisTvis, warmodgenilia qarTuli samarTlis mdgomareoba daganviTarebis mimarTuleba.aRmoCnda, rom ZeglSi uCveulod xSirad gadmoicema TxrobiTi kilosmomavali dro kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT. ganvixiloT magaliTebi:[9] yovelsa weliwadsa hxams gamorCeva bWisa, nebiTa mefisaTa, romlisamierca isjeboden msofliurni samarTalni (samarT. dav., 12,25).[8] da ukeTu iyidos monaRvawiTa sakuTrisa mamulisa misisaTa da anuwyalobiTa mebatonisa misisaTa, naxevari CamoerTvas da mieces mebatonesa(samarT. dav., 12,10).[7] ukueTu moxeleTaganman damalos aRwerasa Sina glexi, saukunodsaÃelosagan gardaiyenos (samarT. dav., 11,24).[4] eseca iqmnebis, romel gardaudvas qalsa Tvissa mamaman mamulianderZiTa (samarT. dav., 10,5).[5] vinca amanaTi damalos, msgavsad qurdTa daisajos, magra ukeTuaqundes raÁme danaxarji mas zeda moutanos sruliad (samarT. dav., 10,10).[4] odesca mokudes kaci, romelsaca aqundes mamuli mosyidulimonaTesaveTagan da anu sxuaTa, da uanderZos colsa TÂssa, vire cocxalars dedakaci igi, nu mieRebis mas da odesca mokudes dedakaci igi...monaTesaveTa qmrisa misisaTave mieces mamuli (samarT. dav., 9,15).[49] ukueTu verRara ipovos tyved myofi igi, maSin danaSTomi igimiscen monaTesavesa (samarT. dav., 34,8).moyvanili rTuli qvewyobili winadadebebis mTavar nawilSi adviladSeiZleba, rom III piris brZanebiTis formac vivaraudoT: CamoerTvas damieces, gardaiyenos, daisajos, miscen, magram sxva msgavs adgilebSi51

Tavad avtors gamoyenebuli aqvs zmniswiniani momavlis formebi, risgamoc amgvar winadadebebSi Cvenc TxrobiTi kilos momaval drosvgulisxmobT, magaliTad:[128] da ukeTu saerTod, saxlisa saxmar-yofisaTvis daxarjven, maSinTeTrisa patronsa aRudgenen saerTod (samarT. dav., 75.10).[128] xolo ukeTu ara dauSatebis Svili, ukanve waiReben yovelsaveCuqebulsa mas (samarT. dav., 75.12).[175] ukeTu iqmnebis ese gangeb da ziani raÁme moxdebis mxedrobaTaSoris motanilisa ambisa gamo, msgavsad orgulTa daisjebis (samarT.dav., 95,17).[190] vinca qurdoba iwyos, glexni da saldaTni pirvelisa qmnisaTvisganvlian samass kacs quÀSe wkeplaSi da patronsa miuzRven Tavissa,...dameoTxisaTvis saldaTni rvagzis ganitarebian wkeplasa da glexTa moekueTebismarjuÀne (samarT. dav., 106,2).TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois axleburi formebi zemoTwarmodgenili kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis identur konstruqciaSiimyofebian. es magaliTebi adasturebs im mosazrebas, rom zemoTganxiluli winadadebebis mTavar nawilSi III piris brZanebiTis nacvladTxrobiTi kilos momavali dro unda vivaraudoT, magram damatebiT maincmivmarTavT daviTiseuli “samarTlis” rusul variants, romelic masvedauweria.“samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa” avtors Seudgenia pirvelad 1800wels, gadaumuSavebia da Seuvsia 1811 _ 1813 wlebSi, imave dros igi werdaTavis “obozrenies” («Обозрение Грузии по части прав и законоведения»),romelic, daviT furcelaZis gamokvlevis mixedviT, dawerilia qarTuli“samarTlis” safuZvelze. “samarTali” da «обозрение» “samarTlis wignis”qarTul da rusul variantebadaa miCneuli, maT Soris teqstobrivi daSinaarsobrivi damTxvevebia, rac gramatikuli formebis SedarebissaSualebas gvaZlevs (furcelaZe 1964: 0222).“samarTalica” da “obozreniec” Seicavs rogorc im normebs, romlebicqarTl-kaxeTSi XVIII saukunis damlevisTvis moqmedebda, ise manamdelidrois samarTlebliv memkvidreobas gadaxalisebuli saxiT; daviT52

atoniSvils gamouyenebia qarTuli da ucxouri, saxeldobr rusulisamarTlebrivi masala (furcelaZe 1964: 0223), amitom enobriviTvalsazrisiT sainteresoa am ori teqstis paraleluri Sedareba: amSemTxvevaSi gvainteresebs qarTuli variantis kavSirebiTis mwkrivebsrusulSi ra formebi enacvleba, magaliTad:«samarTali batoniSvilis «Обозрение Грузии по частиdaviTisa»прав и законоведения»[172]b. kacis mkulelTaTÂsucnobelobasa Sina Cxubsazedaodesca Sexudes, romel505. Если учинится смертоубииствоCxubsa Sina mokudes kaci da в общей драке, тогда подазреваеmkulelniigi ara sacnaur мый подвергается изтязанию, а проiqmnen,maSin, ukeTu iyos iW- чие участвовавщие в драке свободны.vi romelsame ganukuhTelsa Но когда виновного открыто не будет,zeda, igi gamoicados tanjvi- тогда все, без изьятия, несут церков‐Ta, xolo ukeTu ara iyos iW- ное покаяние.vi aravis zeda, maSin yovelniigi meCxubarni daipatiJnen damieces samarxi mkudarsa masmaTgan; da igini ekklesiuriTakanoniTa ganikanonnen”.anda:odes mowodebul iyunen mowa- 558. тот, кто призван будет воmeni, maSin jer-ars maTgan rwmu- свидетельство, дает присягу в том,nebad msajulTa ficiT da anu что покажет самую истину без всяmebriTasaxiTa, raTa arca mte- кого пристрастия и личности.robiT, arca SuriT, arca midgomiTda arca sxÂTa raÁTame ganz- 564. Но когда от личности, ненаraxviTda anu TnebiT umowmon. висти и злобы будет свидетельствоdaukeTu cnobil iqmnes, romel вать ложно, наказываеться наравне53

mowmeman imowmos zemoÃsenebuli- с преступником.samebr saxisa, maSin daisajos, vi-Tarca cru,...mocemul paralelur teqstebSi kargad Cans, rom qarTuliskavSirebiTis mwkrivebs rusul variantSi TxrobiTi kilos momavali anaxlandeli dro Seesatyviseba (gamuqebuli sityvebiT zogad awmyosmivuTiTebT).es faqti ar niSnavs imas, TiTqos daviT batoniSvilis samarTalSiaxali warmoebis _ zmniswiniani _ momavali drois formebi ar iyoswarmodgenili. piriqiT, aris muxlebi, sadac mxolod myofadis mwkriviTiwarmoeba momavali dro, magram, Sefardeba, TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois warmoebis TvalsazrisiT, kavSirebiTis mwkrivebsa da TxrobiTikilos myofads Soris uCveulod didia. magaliTad, muxlebSi TavisiganmartebebiT _ [150] À. “samsaxuridam gaSvebisaTvis”, [175] d. “tyuilisbrZanebis gatanisaTvis”, [190] a. “qurdisaTvis”, [216] ig. “SeukiTxavadmebatoneTa glexisa yidvisaTvis”, [226] b. “ZmaTa uasakoTa mamulTaTvis”,[74] [229] b. “wylulebisaTvis”, [238] b. “WrilobisaTÂs”_ TiTqmis mTlianadTxrobiTi kilos myofadis mwkriviTaa gamoxatuli momavali dro, magramSemdeg avtori isev ubrundeba Cveul, tradiciul stils, TiTqosangariSs uwevs formas da bolomde icavs mas.rogorc vxedavT, kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro uCveulod xSiradaa gamoyenebuli daviT batoniSvilis “samarTalSi”,rac SeiZleba anton kaTalikosis gavlenas ukavSirdebodes, (iseverogorc zmnebSi “hs” kompleqsis gamovlena prefiqsad, magaliTad:hswamos, hswadodes, hscnas, dahsWras da a.S., xolo sufiqsad ormagi “sT”daboloebis gamovlena: hyvandesT, CamoerTvasT, gardewyvitosT,gamoericxosT, gamoerTvasT, dauSTesT, miecesT da a.S.). magram ammosazrebis dasazusteblad saWirod CaiTvala kavSirebiTebis mwkrivTafunqciebze dakvirveba gagrZelebuliyo vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignismixedviT da damatebuliyo monacemebi mogzaurobis Janridan:mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sulxan-saba orbelianis “ mogzauroba evropaSi” dagiorgi avaliSvilis “mgzavroba Tbilisidan ierusalimamde”.54

irkveva, rom vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wigni kavSirebiTebis mwkrivTagamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT daviT batoniSvilis sakanonmdeblo Zeglisanalogiur suraTs iZleva. Tumca kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTikilos momavali drois gadmocema momavlis axlebur warmoebasTanSedarebiT aq mcirdeba, magram mainc Zalian xSiria. gasaTvaliswinebeliaisic, rom daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis Zegli gacilebiT vrcelia, 225gverds moicavs, xolo vaxtang VI-is “samarTali” sul _ 76 gverds.magaliTad:229. vinc vinme gagzavnos sadme da iq mokvdes, mojamagire iyos Tu sxva,Tu iq iavadmyofebs da dRiT mokvdebis, mis sulze unda gaisarjos (vaxt.,108,12).220. q. Tu Ãelmwifes laSqridam kaci wauides da mters miuvides, daimav Ãelmwifes darCes, Tavad Ãelmwifis mowyalebaze kidia (vaxt., 106,3).164. awe Tu sxvas Tems vaWari savaWrod wavides da iq Tavis qveyniskacs am qveynis mamuli nasyidi Tu usyidi mihyidos da iq loTobasa daavkacobaze gardaagos, an sxvas Tems gardikargos, is gasyidva yabuli araris (vaxt., 90,30).rac Seexeba mogzaurobis Janris Txzulebebs: kavSirebiTis mwkrivebisgamoyeneba TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois funqciiT dasaxelebulnawarmoebebSi Zalian iSviaTia, magram mainc gvxvdeba.magaliTebi sulxan-sabas “mogzaurobidan”:navma iq Tu miawios, mekobre veRara sdevs (mogz., 15,7).rac sanaxavebi vnaxo aRiwereba (mogz., 30,15).as wels sul iaros kacma mis sakvirvelobas verc gauvides, vercdaasrulos (mogz., 30,17).Tu aqa wamovides Sematyobineo (mogz., 83,1).magaliTebi g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobidan”:“begzada, ganvstexoT Zuali ese pirobiTa amiT, romel ukeTu momigoTme, maSin dahSTeT aqa saukunod CuÀnTana, xolo odesca darCes ZlevaÁmÃaresa zeda TquÀnsa, mauwyeT misTÂs, raÁca naculad winadadebisa CemisagTndesT winaSe krebulisa amis” (mgz. 145,1).55

xolo odesca colman Senman ar dagrTos nebaÁ, maSin moiÃsenesityuani macÃovrisa CuÀnisa ieso xristesni (mgz. 163,14).TÂnier yovlisa iWÂsa moiqcevodnenye sarwmunoebasa zeda xristianeTasa,ukeTu mivawevde maTiTurT cocxali saqarTuÀlosa Sina (mgz. 163,21).kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoxatvisTvalsazrisiT aseT suraTs warmoadgens: “visramianSi” dadasturebulia221-jer, “amiran-darejanianSi” _ 305-jer, “vefxistyaosanSi” _ 486-jer;“daviTianSi” TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTgadmocemulia 219-jer, sulxan sabas igav-arakebSi _ 157-jer;“mefeTa salaro” TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois formebskavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT 141 magaliTSi gamoavlens, esopes igav-arakebSiki 20-jer aris dadasturebuli.batoniSvili daviTis “samarTlis wignSi”: kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTTxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gadmocemis 1683-mde SemTxvevadadasturda (zusti cifris dasaxeleba Zalian Znelia, vinaidan ZegligamarTulia mTlianad kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebiT, romelTagan mravalmagaliTSi SeiZleba sadavo iyos _ TxrobiTi kilos momavali droigulisxmeba, III piris mravlobiTi, Tu undaobiTi formebi), “vaxtang VI-issamarTalSi” ki 704 magaliTi gamovlinda.mogzaurobis Janris ZeglebSi: sulxan-saba orbelianis “mogzaurobaevropaSi” kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momaval dros sulTerTmet magaliTSi gamoavlens, xolo g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSi”kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gadmocemuli TxrobiTi kilos momavali dromxolod 25 zmnaSia warmodgenili.paralelurad xSiria momavali drois axleburi warmoebis SemTxvevebisxvadasxva tipis winadadebaSi, magaliTad:ganisuene da merme mogaxsenebo (amir., 7,17).zRuaTa mefisa asulisa gamoyvanebad wadi da mun mogxudebian Wabukniara erTni da orni (amir., 7,38).56

Tqua: aRar wamovalo, Tquen amisa mindorsa dahmarTeT da TuiTmogxudebis, rasaca eZebT. me aq TxuTmet dRe mogeli da Tu Tquen armoxualT, me wavalo (amir., 8,2).ars Zneli gza ese, magra gaguiadvilebs patroni Cueni (amir., 10,22).uqorwiloba mouSlis veras. dRes davswer maT jvarsa, mogarCen maTjavrsa (gur., 214,236,bgd).axla yvelas aRvasruleb, ... viq Tqvensa da mogagonebT rCevas Cemsaawindelsa! (gur., 267,gd).aw pirSi enas gamogavleb da yovlis sulieris enas iswavli, amasSemogzRav (sibrZ., 275, 15).xval waval, saxedars waviyvan da movitano (sibrZ., 269, 3).xSirad erTsa da imave winadadebaSi kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gamoxatuliTxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gverdiT gvxvdeba momavlis axleburiforma, magaliTad:ver wauva nakravsa Sensa da mohklao (amir., 42,10).waval da rosca samsaxuri iyos, winaSe vdgevar (amir., 29,43).Tu brZaneb, moviyvanT winaSe Tquensa da man mogaÃsenos yovelive (amir.,36,7).naqmarTa misTa moTula yola ar egebis amiT, romel gagrZeldebis dasawyino gaxdebis, cota rame mogaxseno (amir. 7.24).ese dRe mogagondebis da kunesa daiwyo da Cemsa wina Seneburad pirsamiwasa dasdebde da egre mexuewebode (visr., 166,7).ar maTi oden aoÃrdeboden saxli da sacxovrebeli, magra mravalidiaci sxuaica daqurivdebis (visr., 148,42).Tu misad uneblad mis guerdiT sjde, gulsa CaiTxar, romel misgansixarulsa vera hnaxav, miwyiv Tavisa saqmisagan inande (visr., 151,30).Zveli da axali momavlis gamoyenebisas rTuli qvewyobili winadadebisfarglebSi garkveuli kanonzomiereba SeimCneva, kerZod: kavSirebiTismwkrivi TxrobiTi kilos mimavali drois mniSvnelobiT TiTqmis57

yovelTvis damokidebulSia, xolo zmniswiniani momavali _ mTavarnawilSi, magaliTad:Tu qmnas RmerTman da ajobos darejanis-Zeman, Cavicuam Zoweulsa dadavjdebi oqro-qsovilsa sajdomsa (Tu ajobebs...davjdebi) (amir., 108,9).FTu cnas Wabukoba Cemi da sikeTe, Sevewyalebi da sisxlTa CemTa eZebso(Tu gaigebs...Sevewyalebi) (amir., 100,28).aw maTgan romelica sjobdes, asulsa missa colad SerTavs igixazarTa mefe da samefosa miscemso (romelic ukeTesi iqneba...mas SerTavs)(amir., 86,12).sanamdis egeTi Wabuki ara vhpovo, ... manamdis ama asulsa Cemsa aravismivscem colado (sanam ar vipovi ... ar mivscem) (amir., 86,2).vidremdis scnobden remisa wasxmasa, Cuen, sadac guinda, mivalTo (sanamgaigeben ... mivalT) (amir., 83,3).ra igi wyali gaiaroT, queyana mogxudebis kargi (rom gaivliT,...SegvxvdebaT) (amir., 70,12).odes igi kargi naqmari mogaxsenoT, gagikuirdebis da siqaduladSeminaxav (roca mogaxseneb ... gagikvirdeba) (amir., 60,22).Sen yovelTa keklucTa gaawbileb, yovelTa daRrejilsa gaamxiaruleb,ra Seekazmo (visr., 154,43).Tu stavrasa zeda sjde da Tu miwasa, sireguniTa yuela sworadmogewonebis (visr., 176,42).rasa vin ityuis, vinc ese Cueni wigni waikiTxos da amisgan Cueni saqmecnas? (visr., 173,33).samoselsa ra daxevden, daizraxebs, vazsa ra Stosa mohkueTden,atirdebis (visr., 178,1).Tu moverio, movklavo (amir., 59,7).cota moSorebiT bolo winadadeba sxvagvari variantebiTaawarmodgenili:Tu momerevis sabur rabagis-Ze, momklavs (amir., 59,12),an: Tu moverio, ara movklao (amir., 59,15).“daviTianSi” da sulxan-sabas igavebSi daculia momavali droisgamoxatvis igive wesi rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis farglebSi:58

kacs rome seni Sehyaro, brWvali hkra gulsa, mucelsa, gana im seniTver mohklav, raRad umzadeb mun celsa? (gur., 167,8,gd).daviT swored mogiTxrobs, Tu Sen Seigvandeo (gur., 79, 373,zik).Tu orad dadgas, iqnebis oriv patara gorebi (gur., 61,280,g).ra samTav cema SaeqmnasT, Cvenze maT Seqmnan onari, gars mogveWirosmuxruWi, arsiT Cndes mosafonari, viqnebiT SvilTa CvenTagan ginebiTmosagonari! (gur., 57,215,bgd).dedam ra Svas Ze, pirvelTa WirT aRar moiÃsenebsa (gur., 31,31,a).Tu Tqven mag saqmiT sofeli aaSenoT, Tqvenc SeityobTo! (sibrZ., 53,2).am gvaris kacis sityva veras iqms, Tuca bedman ar uyos kacsa (sibrZ.,62,5).eseTsa saqmesa viqm, CemTvisa da misTvis sworad davkargo (sibrZ., 17,14).ukeTu miÃsnas RmerTman ama avadmyofobisagan, am nasyids ymas vaazatebo(mef.sal., 274,18).romelic saqme siCqariT daiwyos kacman, rome kidec im xanad gakeTdes,is saqme sabolood ar evargeba (mef.sal., 277,11).sanamdis Wkuiansa da brZensa kacsa ara hkiTxo, manamdi nuras aiRebÃelTa (mef.sal., 256,11).kacs rom dascxes mzis Suqisagan, wava da kedels amoefareba, romemoigrilos (mef.sal., 255,35).araodes iqmnebis boroti kaci margebel, vidremdis ar ganiswavlostanjviTa da maSin iqmnebis margebel kacTa (esop., 287,29).ukeTu iyido eseca, mogcem magas niWad (esop., 286, 27).ukeTu iZioT, hpovebT yovelsave (esop., 285, 40).piruku SemTxveva mxolod ramdenime winadadebaSi dadasturda( damokidebulSi_ zmniswiniani momavali, mTavarSi _ momavali drokavSirebiTis mwkriviT):Tu damimadlebT, me gagce gza magisi (amir., 5,17).me wamali mogce egeTi, romel ferÃTa moisuiT da ucilod gaxualTadgilado (amir., 70,10).59

igica gaiaroT, aRara ars winaT gza saWiro amisgan kide, romel amirisaqueyanasa SexualT (amir., 70,19).uTxres: Tu Cqarad ar ivliT, ver gasZReT mzisa cqeriTa! (gur., 54,197,d).Tu miÃsni, isev gmsaxuro qristianisa sjuliTa (gur., 90,446,g).mdidari rasac daxarjavs, aTasi sxva darCes (sibrZ., 63,8).guli miTqvams: vWam, movkvde (sibrZ., 188,19)....rome yma batonisagan iswavlis saqcielsa, maSinRa queyana daswnardesda garigdes (mef.sal., 250,21).Cveulebrivia zmniswiniani momavlis gamoyeneba nu nawilakian brZanebiTkiloSi, magaliTad:Sen marto nu ecdebi sisxlTa CemTa Zebnasa (amir., 99,18).ukmorideniTo, nuRaravin ras hkadrebTo (amir., 74,11).Seiwyale Wabukoba Seni da nu waxual mis mÃecisaTuis (amir., 85,9).nu damifen, ramin, grZneulobisa badesa (visr., 169,38).nuRar dasjdebi, wamsaca nuRar moisueneb (visr., 184,47).Cemsa Zuelisa siyuarulsa zRuasa nu Caagdeb da nu gamwirav; ramin, nugaaxareb CemTa mterTa, nu iqm magasa...nu gaswyued siyuarulsa (visr., 166,5).igini nu ikadreben mazobelTa Tana wignisa werasa (samarT. dav., 220.5).da nurca waesarClebian ymaTa TvisTa (samarT. dav., 220.27).uaryofiT nu nawilakian brZanebiTebSi TxrobiTi kilos formebis,xolo ar nawilakianSi _ kavSirebiTis mwkrivis gamoyenebis wesi ZveliqarTulidan modis da amave wess eyrdnoba saSuali periodis qarTulic,magram gvaqvs SemTxvevebi, romlebSic nu nawilakTan brZanebiTisgamosaxatavad kavSirebiTis mwkrivia gamoyenebuli, magaliTad:RmerTman nu yos sikudilio (amir., 90,44).RmerTman nu romelsa diacsa uCuenos magaTi piri (visr., 149,9).RmerTman CemiTa bediTa sxua kaci nu dabados da etlsa zeda dedasasxua Svili nu aSobinos; nucaRa vin esre uwyalod Tav – uwevar yoso(visr., 177,28).RmerTman Seni Wiri me nura momasmios (visr., 173,25).queyanasa zeda nuvis misces RmerTman egeTi qmari (visr., 163,19).60

unda aRiniSnos, rom “visramianSi” kavSirebiTis mwkrivTan xSirad nunawilaki gvxvdeba brZanebiTis gamosaxatavad da ara ar nawilaki (arnawilakTan kavSirebiTis mwkrivi brZanebiTis funqciiT sul erTxelSegvxvda: arcaodes miuwero, arca kaci gaugzavno da arca Sensa gulsamisi siyuaruli iyos).“daviTianSi” kavSirebiTis mwkrivis gamoyenebis ori SemTxvevadadasturda nu nawilakTan, mag.:mefeo, RmerTman nu mogces wuxili, Wmunva, viSoba. nu mogiSalos nadimimudam – dReT sul mejliSoba (gur., 151,1,ab).daviT batoniSvili samarTlis wignSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivi erTmagaliTSi dadasturda nu nawilakTan:igini nu iqmonen nuravissa samarTalsa (samarT. dav., 220.1).nu nawilakiani brZanebiTi kilo kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gadmocemuliaTedo Jordanias “qronikebSic”:es nuraodes mogvakldes Cuen mefeT-mefesa bagratsa da TanamecxedresaCuensa dedofalTa-dedofals elenes ... (qron., 340,16).momavali dros axleburi warmoeba (zmniswiniani momavali) ganxiluliZeglebidan “visramianSi” dadasturda 399-jer, “amiran-darejanianSi” _ 388-jer.“vefxistyaosanSi” zmniswiniani momavlis 772 magaliTia, “daviTianSi” _861.sulxan sabas igav-arakebSi axali momavlis warmoebis 575 SemTxvevadadasturda, “MmefeTa salaroSi” _ 373, xolo esopes igav-arakebSi _ 38.daviT batoniSvilis “samarTlis wignSi” TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro Tanamedrove warmoebiT sul 736 zmna-SemasmenelTan dadasturda,vaxtangVI-is “samarTalSi” _ 482 magaliTSi.mogzaurobis Janris TxzulebebSi _ “mogzauroba evropaSi” da“mgzavrobaÁ” _ momavali dros gamoxatva, Zalian mcire gamonaklisisgarda, mTlianad dakisrebuli aqvs TxrobiTi kilos mwkrivebs.61

ar nawilakiani kavSirebiTis mwkrivi brZanebiTis funqciiT:egec ar moTxaro, romliTac xedav (gur., 248, 484,g).Mdaufasebels ar dadva fasi (gur., 269,1,g).gzazed mcveli ar gamyaro, odes mandiT damibaro (gur., 263,16, gd).UoRond fxizlad vlides, qmars ar sxvazed cvlides, ar iyos anCxli(gur., 236,388, gd).AMSen sTqvao arsada Cveni saqmeni (gur., 198, 127, de).da maT ara ikadron gamocvlaÁ wamlisa anda SurvebaÁ mxedarTa avantyofTaTÂs;da ara iyunen mconar, romelsaca Jamsa mouwodon; da ardaiSuron wamali avantyofTa; ... da araraÁsa ikadron gamorTmevad jariskacTa(samarT. dav., 192.33).eSmakuri ara iyos rao, an tyuilaT ar irjebodeso (mogz., 11,9).wyliT nu wamoiyvanTo, haerma ar awyinoso (mogz., 16,30).rac glexis gasayolad darCebis rame, glexze ar daadvan (vaxt., 79,1).romel mefeTagan mocemul ars, ara Seecvalos naTesavsa Sensaukunisamde (qron., 3,12).Zilsa Sina Tu visme ocnebiT dabrkoleba SeemTxÂos, mis dRisa Jamsaara eziaros, arca sakurTxevelad Sevides (qron., 84,36).Cveni begara gamosaRebi arasferisTana ara eTxoebodes ra (qron., 144,5).ganxiluli magaliTebidan kargad Cans gardamavali periodissaliteraturo enaSi Zveli da axali formebis urTierTWidili da Zv.enobrivi normebis rRveva, rac gamowveuli Cans Zveli saliteraturoskolebis (centrebis) moSliT, Sesabamisad, am skolebis salit. enazekontrolis SewyvetiT.62

2.3. kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gadmocemulia sakuTriv kavSirebiTikilo2.3.1. kavSirebiTi kilos adgili ZiriTadad qvewyobili winadadebisdamokidebul nawilSia. es winadadebebi ZiriTadad adgilis, drois,qvemdebaruli, damatebiTi, miznis damokidebulia, aseve pirobiT-SedegobiTi, daTmobiTi Sinaarsisaa...qvewyobis konstruqciaSi, anu daqvemdebarebis winadadebaSi monawileobasiRebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi. isini xels uwyoben ama Tu imtipis daqvemdebarebuli winadadebebis gamovlenas, romelTac, Tavismxriv, mTavar winadadebaSi SeiZleba hqondeT misaTiTebeli sityva, anukorelati. korelati (nacvalsaxeli, zmnizeda) exameba damokidebuliwinadadebis sistemaSi moqceul kavSirs da masTan garkveul mimarTebaSiimyofeba, igi kavSiris misamarTi sityvaa. korelaciis sistema mtkicedCamoyalibebulia qarTul saliteraturo enaSi Zveli qarTulidanmoyolebuli dRemde.es sakiTxebi (rTuli winadadebebis daqvemdebareba, kavSirebi da korelacia)amomwuravadaa Seswavlili f. erTeliSvilisa da S. ZiZigurisnaSromebSi: “rTuli winadadebis istoriisaTvis qarTulSi” da “kavSirebiqarTul enaSi”. avtorebi msjeloben ara marto Zveli qarTuli enismonacemebze dayrdnobiT, aramed saSuali periodisa da TanamedroveqarTulis, aseve dialeqturi masalis mixedviT. amitom Cven kavSirebsa damisaTiTebel sityvebs (korelatebs) SevexebiT mxolod im aucileblobisgamo, rom raime, Tundac sul mcire gansxvaveba vipovoT rTuliqvewyobili winadadebis farglebSi kavSirebiTis mwkriviT kavSirebiTikilos gamovlenisas da imave mwkriviT momavali drois gadmocemisas. raTqma unda, Tuki aseTi gansxvaveba moiZebneba. SevecdebiT aseve, romgamovavlinoT sityvaTSexamebis sistema, romelic arsebobs rTuli dadamokidebuli winadadebebis zmna-Semasmenels Soris kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT kavSirebiTi kilosa da imave mwkrivebiT momavali droisgamoxatvisas.ganvixiloT magaliTebi:63

kavSirebiTi kilo qvemdebarul damokidebul winadadebebSi:sam hipotaqsur konstruqciaSi mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli monawileobs,esenia: qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba, damatebiTi damokidebuliwinadadeba da gansazRvrebiTi damkidebuli winadadeba. Sesabamisadgamoyofilia subieqturi, obieqturi da gansazRvrebiTi kavSirebi,romlebic monawileobas iReben qvemdebaruli, damatebiTi da gansazRvrebiTidamokidebuli winadadebebis konstruqciaSi (ganxiluli gvaqvs davmsjelobT mxolod im hipotaqsuri konstuqciebis mixedviT, romelTadamokidebul nawilSic kavSirebiTi kilo igulisxmeba), magaliTad,qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebebis makavSirebel saSualebebadganxilul ZeglebSi dadasturda:raigirac isi igia _ romeromvinc(a)romelTu (=rom)raTa (=rom)ra daajeros RmerTman Wabukobasa Sensa, igi qmeniTo (amir., 16,41).ra RmerTman gamoarCios, igi iqmnaso (amir., 104,35).Ãams Tu isi usworo giyuardes da erTmanerTisagan gaiÃarneTo? (Tu =rom) (visr., 157,10).da Ãams ese Cuengan, romel SevananoT (amir., 23,13).sjobs Tu yovelsa kacsa mijnuri ebralebodes (visr., 154,8).sjobs, rom wabrZandeT Cafrada (gur., 56,207,b).jer ars kacisa, raTa cxovrebdes jerisaebr da ara gardametebulsasimdidresa ndomad ivltodes (esop., 282,6).kavSirebiTi kilo damatebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi:rTuli winadadebis kompleqsSi damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebadamatebis movaleobas asrulebs, amgvar konstruqciaSi monawileoben64

damatebiTi kavSirebi (gaerTianebuli gvaqvs yvela tipis damateba:pirdapiri, iribi, ubralo), esenia:rac(a) mas rac _ miT(a)rasac magas vinc _ imasvinc amasac amiT _ romeromelic (a)miT amiT _romelTu amas imaze _ romraTa(=rom) amaze imis _romromel magaze misTÂs _ raÁcaviTarmed amisirameTumiT rameTuTu sanTliT ar momnaxoT, SeityobT! (sibrZ., 306,12).magas rogor vera iqms, ukacod dafqvas da moitanoso? (sibrZ., 290,5).da yvela amas cdila, me ukeTesi avaSenoo, me ufrosi xarji vqnao(mogz., 68,20).xolo orbi etyoda mas, raTa dauteos man amao ganzraxva misi (esop.,282,35).evedreboda kuÁ erTi orbsa, raTa aswaos mas frena (esop., 282,35).esreTuÀ mTxova, raTa ukmoqcevuli palestiniT movide amisda sadgomadsaxlsa amas Sina amissa (mgz., 82,29).bolo winadadebebSi raTa rom kavSiris mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebulida damokidebuli winadadeba damatebiTia da ara miznisa.romelic Cndes ufro mkvidrad, mas ebRauWeo (gur., 129,59,b).Seni leon awve gaiparos, igi ujobs, Tvara magis sicruvesa scnobT daar ujobs (sibrZ., 116,11).amisi gueSinoda, vai Tu mokudeso (amir., 28,43)dedaTa faTeraki amiT aris, romel egre Suenvare da kekluci viSovoo(visr., 146,14).dadva guli, romel arsaiT ar iavarqceos da ar dadvas Tavi misisasTaulsa, romeli ara xamdes (visr., 157,35).65

amisi mTxoveli var RmerTisagan, romel gaZleba momces da Seniunaxavi ar movkude (visr., 185,2).me rom ver mivxvde ucebi, magaze rad Semwrfebian (gur., 29,13).... mauwyeT misTÂs, raÁca naculad winadadebisa Cemisa gTndesT (mgz.,145,22).g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSi” damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebebiskavSirebad dasturdeba aseve “viTarmed” “romel” “rameTu” “miT rameTu”,magaliTad:aramed mecnierTaAmisda mrquÀs, romel somxisa amis Tana ukeTu maqusraÁmeÁ saqmeÁ, gamovucxado (mgz., 148,16).amisTÂs gaZlevT drosa, romel kualad orgzis SemdgomTa dReTa SinaganguanaTlo CuÀn ... (mgz., 98,12).vxedav mimavlobasa TquÀnsa ierusalimad da amad vracx valad Cemad,miT rameTu mogaÃseno da TquÀn (mgz., 183,10).... da amad gTxovT, miT rameTu cxadad mauwyoT misTÂs (mgz., 126,36).... romlisaTÂsca mwers ukuÀ Tavadi aleqsandre nikolaeviCi galicini,miT rameTu vauwyo mas nebaÁ Cemi sagansa amas zeda (mgz., 81,31).“viTarmed” kavSirTan avtori kavSirebiTis kilos gamosaxatavadTiTqos ufro metad III kavSirebiTis mwkrivs aniWebs upiratesobas:mis mier viciT oden, viTarmed hauzi ese yofiliyos damkrZalveladmumiisa (mgz., 180,24).hswameben, viTarmed TÂT droTa amaT Sina ebrZanebinos ptolomeÁfiladelfisa aRSenebad yovlad didebulisa farusisa (mgz., 111,32).amisTÂs swameben aqaurni zogad, viTarmed wmidaTa amaT mowameTabmiyosT qadTa zeda (mgz., 21,37).viTarmed kavSiris gamoyeneba III seriis kavSirebiTis mwkrivTanbolomde Tanmimdevrulad araa gatarebuli, Tumca umetes SemTxvevaSiupiratesoba eniWeba.roca damatebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTkavSirebiTi kiloa gamovlenili, maSin mTavari winadadebis zmna-Semasmeneli ZiriTadad dasturdeba awmyoSi, myofadSi, uwyvetelsa da66

wyvetilSi. kilos mixedviT mTavari winadadebis zmna-SemasmeneliSeiZleba iyos TxrobiTi da brZanebiTi.kavSirebiTi kilo gansazRvrebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi:gansazRvrebiTi kavSirebi monawileoben gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuliwinadadebis konstruqciaSi. amgvari winadadeba misamarTi sityvis gaSlilgansazRvrebas warmoadgens, sakavSirebeli sityvebi masTan mimarTebaSiimyofeba.mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli eTanxmeba mTavar winadadebaSi moqceulmisamarT sityvas ricxvSi da imarTvis brunvaSi, magaliTad,gansazRvrebiT kavSirebad gvxvdeba:romel aseTi eseTi _ romelmiT rameTuegeTi _ romelaseTi _ romeaseTs _ romeegzomsa _ romelimdeni _ ramdeniragvarica _ imisivmonaxe qali aseTi, WeSmaritebiT swamdes mas RmerTi (gur., 231,353,b).aseTi saWmeli momitaneo, rome xmelze mis utkbesi ara iyoso da arcazRvaTa Sina ipovebodeso (sibrZ., 35,14).kacman wamali aseTs alags unda suas, rome is alagi zegani alagiiyos (iad., 88,3).zeTi gamovals maT xeTagan eseTi, romel sneulsa Seasuan, gamr-Teldebis (amir., 58,4).egzomsa keklucsa hnaxav, romel veRar Seigeb, Tu romeli gamoirCio(visr., 166,45).RmerTman imdeni dRegrZeloba da cxovneba mogceT, ramdeni asi aTasityve, an im kunZulSi da an navebSi hyvandesT (mogz., 129,24).ragvarica seni sWirdes, imisiv Sesaferi Sesaferi da imisiv munasibisaWmelebi aWamon (iad., 87,19).67

mTavari winadadebis zmna-Semasmeneli gvxvdeba awmyoSi, myofadSi,uwyvetelSi, wyvetilSi. kilos moxedviT SeiZleba iyos TxrobiTi dabrZanebiTi.kavSirebiTi kilo miznis damokidebul winadadebaSi:miznis damokidebuli winadadebis konstruqciaSi mizniTi kavSirebimonawileoben, esenia:rom amad miT _ rameTuromelamaze _ romromel (=raTa)amisTuis _ romelTu (=rom)amisTvis _ romeTuca (=rom)raTazed fanjara iyo, rom muxli veravin daadgas (mogz., 22,24).Tu Seebi, kacurad da kargad Seebio, romel ara gefaTerakoso (amir.,89,14).ze ukudeg, romel Sevekazmo (amir., 63,33).movides, romel cxenebi miiTualos (amir., 105,38).asuli Seni SemrTe, romel nayofi Teslisaebr iqmnaso (romel=raTa)(visr., 142,14).sneuli xar da mkurnali Zebne, romel gargos rao (visr., 174, 26).gasca ganZi uricxvi glaxakTa zeda, raTa evedron RmerTsa ZisaboZebisa misisaTvis (sibrZ., 6,10).jamasar Seqmna tilismani amisTuis, romel sxuaman kacman gareganmanaqaT qali veravin gaiyvanos (amir., 49,49).gasaxsneli julabi da wamlebi gazafxulzed aaRebinon, amisTvis romekacsa mwved ar misWirdes (iad., 86,17).amad sZraxven vinc avs Cadis, kula aRar Caidinos; sxva gafrTxildes,misebr cremli TvalTa arvin Caidinos (gur., 51,173,ab).Cemma mefem amaze gamomgzavnao, rom gaisarjo, naxo (mogz., 3,22).am winadadebaSi, eWvgareSea, rom amaze korelati gulisxmobs amisTviszmnizedas.68

gviani periodis ZeglebisTvis miznis damatebiT damokidebulwinadadebaSi ukve “raTa” kavSiri sWarbobs:eseca moxdebis odesme, miT rameTu eseviTari igi gvTxovs Cvenkrebulsa micemad misda nebisa, raTa ... iwyos axlad gamocdaÁ TavisaTÂsisa ... (mgz., 168,1).eseni arian nebsiT TÂsiT mosvlul jamsa amas Cvendamo surviliTa miT,raTa Rirs hyon Tavni TÂsni wodebasa derviSobisasa (mgz., 167,1).“miT rameTu” kavSiri g. avaliSvilTan dadasturda miznis damokidebulwinadadebaSic, magaliTad:minaraTa zeda azanisa sayofelad anu mowodebisaTÂs erTasa locuadarian dadginebul 2460-ni kacni, TuiTqvmis saxedvelmoklebulni, miTrameTu ver uZlon xilvad mdedrTa banebisa (mgz., 173,23).... iWurvebodis mÃned moTminebiTa, mxeduÀlaÁ misi ganmwarebasa Sina,miT rameTu gamoCeniTaA mwuxarebisa TÂsisaTa ar ganumrCoblos salmobaÁubedursa mama-meuRlesa (mgz., 33,13).miznis damokidebuli winadadebis qvewyobil konstuqciaSi mTavariwinadadebis zmna-Semasmeneli dgas awmyos mwkrivSi, uwyvetelSi,wyvetilSi, I rezultativSi. mTavari winadadeba kilos mixedviT xSiradaris brZanebiTi, gvxvdeba TxrobiTSic.kavSirebiTi kilo drois garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi:droulobis kavSirebi monawileoben drois garemoebiTi damokidebuliwinadadebis konstruqciaSi, esenia:ramaSin _ romerosrocaodesvinemdis // vinemvire // viremvidrevidremdesadamdiZmao, asreve Sen miSuele, ra dameWiroso (amir., 10,33).69

aba, lomo Cemo, odes mimWirdes, asre Sen miSueleo (amir., 22,32).iwyes mis zeda urTierTas brZola eseviTari, vidremde arRara eZloTferxTa zeda dgoma (esop., 283,29).da sadamdi kargad gamowmdebodes da an gulis-yras eSvelebodes, mudamamrigad qnan (iad., 92,9).am erTs alags es ar iqnebis maSin, rome Ãelmwife erTs mepirispiresmterze .... mibrZandebodes (vaxt., 89,17).drois damokidebul winadadebebs mxolod kavSirebiTi kilosgamoxatva uWirs, ufro zustad, imave winadadebebSi TavisufladSeiZleba TxrobiTi kilos momavali droc igulisxmebodes.kavSirebiTi kilo adgilis garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebaSi:adgilis garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebaSi maqvemdebarebelsaSualebebad dasturdeba Semdegi kavSirebi:sadasadaca _ muncasadac(a)sadac _ imsadamdis(i)rarigsaca _ iqsadamdisi egebodes, waguiZeRviTo (amir., 91,34).winamZRuari sadamdis egebodes, mogce da ra aRara egebodes, miRmagiCuenon (amir., 91,21).orive samefo Seni ars da sadaca gijobdes, munca iyav (amir., 74,20).rarigsaca alagsa iamebodes, iq unda ijdes (iad., 73,28).sadac stkiodes, im alags wausvan (iad., 298,12).kavSirebiTi kilo viT. garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebaSi:viTarebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis kavSirebad aris:romel ise egeTi _ romelTu sTqua ese Tu sTqua _ asreviT(a) ase viT(a) _ egre(T)rom asre ageTi _ rommiT rameTu egre egodeni _ romraodenca eseTi am rigad _ rom70

amdenjer esreT ase _ romise _ romasre _ viTa(r)esreT _ raTa(=rom)asre _ romelrarigadac _ isreme egeTi qmari ar minda, romel egre vgonebde, Tu misi damarTebiTikaci arso (amir., 12,34).SahinSas Tana esre Sesmenil var, romel nuTu muxTlobiTmomakvlevinos (visr., 166,20).erTnairad ganataros, ase arvis danaberebs (gur., 105,560,g).imier ise gaiyvane, rom erTma meoris coli ver ixelTos (sibrZ., 132,13).Znelia, mcvelman is ase dacos, rom mtacebelman ar waritacos (gur.,232, 362,ab).broweuli Sua gaxeTqili rom iyos, sul yvela ise iyo (mogz., 43,26).esre mxiarulad iyo moabad, viTar mSierman lomman kanjrisa jogidainaxos, anu viTar glaxaman kacman saWurWle poos da sixarulsamarTal iyos (visr., 152,36).ramin asre gamxiarulda, viTa naxevar-mkudarman kacman ra sicocxledaiskunas, metisa sixarulisagan cremlni gadmoscuivdes (visr., 157,42).viTa sjobdes, Wabuksa yuelasa arabeTsa Sigan, egre gaaswavle SviliCemi (amir., 21,13).ramdenjer naRveli mogerios, kaci ar gaikiTxo viT iqmnebis, anu mermeras ityvis (sibrZ., 80,5).daviwyeb Wamasa da esreT ganvZRebi, raTa xvalisa dResa arRara mindodessaWmeli (raTa=rom) (esop., 289,6)..... da ukeTu esreT, jer-giCns, raodenca Zal-geduas maliad sluaÁ (mgz.,153,43).rarigadac gulSigan iamebodes, isre unda qnas (iad., 73,27).“miT rameTu” g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSi” dasturdeba viTarebisgaremoebiT damokidebul winadadebaSic, roca is kavSirebiT kilosawarmoebs, magaliTad:71

ityÂan da swameben yovelni kerZoÁsa amis xristianeni, ZuÀlTamematianeTa mier rwmunebulni, esreT, miT rameTu suÀtsa amas zedamoekuÀTosT Tavi wmidisa mis qalwulisa ekaterinasTÂs (mgz., 108,24).kavSirebiTi kilo pirobiT damokidebul winadadebaSi:pirobiT damokidebul winadadebaSi gamoyenebulia kavSirebi:TuTu romTucaTu (mniSvnelobiT rom)ukeTudaRaTuTu gindes saxlsa Sina wasvla, didiTa pativiTa da didebiTagaggzavno (amir., 6,33).Tu CemTvis kargi ar swaddes, ar damadgemda karavsa (Tu=rom) (gur.,85,482,g).me Tqvena qarTlsa ar gTxovdi, Tu es ar maqvndes ridado (Tu=rom)(gur., 66,281,b).Tu Tavi mas ar daerCo, sxvas RmerTi Seundobdao (Tu=rom) (gur.,66,284,b).daRaTu ar iyos moklebul xeduaTa uRrmessa amas siberesa Sina TÂssa,awca memZlebel iqmneboda misluad ... (mgz., 151,20).“ukeTu” “Tu” kavSirian pirobiT damokidebul winadadebebSi SeimCnevagarkveuli kanonzomiereba: Tu pirobaSi igulisxmeba “rom” kavSiri,damokidebul winadadebaSi kilo kavSirebiTia, magram, Tu “ukueTu”kavSirs “Tu”-s Sinaarsi aqvs, damokidebul winadadebaSi (aseve mTavarwinadadebaSic) TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro aris savaraudebeli,magaliTad:ukeTu mogigoT me, maSin dahSTeT aqa saukunod CuÀnTana (Tu momigebT,maSin darCebiT) (mgz., 145,20).72

“Tavado! ukeTu SesaZlo TquÀnda iyos, nu dahSTebiT miuslvelierusalimsa” (Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba TqvenTvis) (mgz., 71,28).magram Semdeg winadadebebSi “ukeTu”, “Tu” kavSirebis mniSvnelobaa“rom” da kiloc kavSirebiTia, magaliTad:ukeTu iyos mcireca safiqrebeli senisa misTÂs, uTuod meca esreTuÀgavufrTxildebodi Tavsa TÂssa da saxleulobasa Cemsa (mgz., 54,6).Tu kacs balRami sWarbobdes, da an gulsa da stomaqzeda balRamianadda grilad iyos, ori drami TeTri dariSini unsulis SarbaTSigagamozilon (iad., 83,7).da Tu amisgan ufro Zaliani undodes, moitane naxevarzeda danayilicxenis wabli (iad., 83,17).kavSirebiTi kilo daTmobiT damokidebul winadadebaSi:daTmobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba rTuli winadadebis kompleqsSiSemaval erT-erT saxeobas warmoadgens, aseTi termini am tipiswinadadebebisaTvis gabatonebulia rogorc mecnierul, ise saskologramatikebSi, struqturulad daTmobiTi winadadeba CveulebrivmiCneulia damokidebul winadadebad da igi imave rigSi dgas, rogoricaaqvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba, pirobiTi damokidebuliwinadadeba, gansazRvrebiTi, drois garemoebiTi winadadeba da a. S.amdenad, is moqceulia hipotaqsis konstruqciaSi da gamijnuliaparataqsis konstruqciisgan.daTmobiTi winadadebis konstruqciaSi mapirispirebeli kavSirebiefardeba daTmobiT kavSirs: magram, aramed, garna, xolo.unda iTqvas, rom tradiciul termins _ “daTmobiTi damokidebuliwinadadeba” ar eTanxmeba S. ZiZiguri, mas miaCnia, rom amgvarwinadadebebSi _ “Tumca avad var, magram mainc mivdivar sanadirod” _daTmobiTi Sinaarsi ki ara, aramed gamoricxvaa: “mTavari winadadebasruldeba imisda miuxedavad, Tu ra aris gamoTqmuli damokidebuliwinadadebiT, sxvanairad, mTavari winadadeba gamoricxavs pirobas,romelic mocemulia masTan dakavSirebul winadadebaSi,” naTqvamis73

gaTvaliswinebiT, mkvlevars miaCnia, rom am tipis damokidebuliwinadadebebisTvis umjobesi termini iqneboda “gamoricxviTi”.Cven amgvari winadadebebisTvis isev tradiciul saxelwodebasgamoviyenebT. maSasadame, daTmobiTi kavSirebia:romTuca(=romc) _ egreca(=mainc)Tu (=rom)ragind _ isevginddaRaTu _ maSincaginara gind _ ragindragind romraodencavinaÁcaviTaricavinaÁcamagram dabalic rom dajdes, Tu papas da, an Zmiswuli, an diswulihyavs, didi kaci SeirTavs (mogz., 61,27).kacTa yuedreba Tu maxvilica Ãrmali iyos, kaci mijnuri faradRuiZlsa miupyrobs (Tu=rom(c)) (visr., 151,47).rvali da tyuia Tu aTajerca daswua, oqros-ferad arca egre iqmnebis(Tu=rom(c)) (visr., 178,41).Tuca weliwadsa savalsa iyos, egreca naxva minda (amir., 67,10).ragind rom mcveli ikrTobdes Zilsa, mainc ver SesZlebs(gur.,233,363,ab).kacs marTebs dablac daxedva, ragind maRlamdis arosa (gur., 65, 278,a).ragind bevri vawyino, isev erTguli buneba aqvs da ar damTmobso (sibZ.,256,12).ara aRmoifxvebis ukeTurTagan boroti, raodenca friad sZRvnide maT(esop., 283,14).raodenca rame friad saSinel iyos, mraval gzis xilviTa miaxlebamisi gaadvildebis (esop., 284,6).aqvsT damokidebul niSanni ese morCilebaTani gangrZobaTa Sina 12-TawelTasa, vinaÁca iyos igi... (saidanac unda iyos) (mgz., 167,4).74

uadrees oTxisa TTuÀsa araviTarme Zal-miZs Sedgomad gzisa, maSincadaRaTu 300-isa wil maqundesca dRes aTasi oqroÁ (mgz., 163,6).viTarica saxiTa iyos igi, ar Rirs iqmnebis Sericxuad Cuen Soris (aq‘”unda” igulisxmeba, “rogoric unda iyos igi”) (mgz., 167,30).2.3.2. kavSirebiTis mwkrivi kavSirebiTi kilos gagebiT sxvadasxvamodalur nawilakebsa da sityvebTan: SeiZleba, SesaZloa, nuTu, iqneb,egeb, lamis, vaiTu, netav, TiTqos...rogorc ukve aRniSnulia, kavSirebiTis mwkrivisaTvis TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois gamoxatva yvelaze bunebrivi, Tavisufali procesia,Sesabamisi magaliTebic warmodgenilia. es, ase vTqvaT, Tandayoliliunaria kavSirebiTis mwkrivebisaTvis. kavSirebiTi kilos gadmocemisas kisxvadasxva saSualebaa gamoyenebuli: leqsikur-intonaciuri Tusintaqsuri. sintaqsuria kavSirebiTi kilos gamoxatva qvewyobiliwinadadebis damokidebul nawilSi, xolo leqsikur-intonaciursaSualebebSi igulisxmeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT kavSirebiTi kilosmniSvnelobis gadmocema sxvadasxva nawilakisa da sityvis daxmarebiT,rogorebicaa: nuTu, iqneb, egeb, lamis, vaiTu, TiTqos, unda..., kavSirebiTikilos gamoxatva SesaZlebelia aseve kiTxviTi intonaciis mqonewinadadebebSi, magaliTad:me nu damimalav, nuTu rame vicodeo (amir., 68,42).nuTu saCemo iyos da magakvlevino (amir., 72,23).Tu Sebma vTqua, nuTu egre Tquas: wasagebeli gasdidebiao (amir., 76,1).nu Tu gaswbilde da vera SegeZlos nakravisa Cemisa dadgoma (amir.79,46).nuTu vin RmerTi Segurisxos da kacni moibirnes da ubadod mohkude(amir., 98,1).nuTu ra mijnurobisa WaSnigi naxos, ar uwyalod ampartavan meqmnas(visr., 153,32).nuTu guli misi usamarTloisa qmnisagan ganswmidoT (visr., 155,45).75

aTgan bednieri suli mecemis, nu Tu RerTman srulad ar mimcesubedurebasa da vnaxo visisa piricao (visr., 179,30).amisi xelsaxoci egeba miSovno sadmeo (mogz., 79,27.)ager viri kaWkaWman lamis SeWamos (sibrZ., 293,15).egebis SenTvis da CemTvis samoseli viyidoo (sibrZ., 82,11).egebis rogorme daviyolio coli Cemi saxesa quÀSe konstantinopolscxovrebisasa (mgz., 162,27).netavi naxoT da ... maSin SeityobT (mogz., 144,6).erTi, amad rom egebis marTali iyos da bevris kacis Sovna verSeiZlos (vaxt., 112,33).amisi xelsaxoci egeba miSovno sadmeo (mogz., 79,27).“daviTianSi” “egeb”(“egebis”) formis nacvlad gvxvdeba “ageb”(“agebis”):Tqves godlis ageba, miT vswvdeTo ageba (gur., 259,565,g).kmara, kmara, nuRara scodav, suls agebis mixvdes Sveba (gur., 148,1).Tqva, SeSindeso, es gogo ageb (gur., 194,98,b).vsTqvi Tu, agebis ufalman aq miÃsnas sakankalosa (gur., 89,441,d).sjobs, rom Cven erTni SeviqnaT, ageb gveRirsos Zilebi (gur., 60,240,d).g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSi” “SesaZloa”, “SeiZleba” mniSvnelobiTdasturdeba “iyofin” forma, magaliTad:da erTi maTgani iyofin daeTxovosT maT viTarTame uwesoTa qcevaTagamo (mgz., 183,25).TqvmulTa amaT gamo vgonebdi me, viTarmed enageli ese iyofin iyosviTarme moxumar Soris mcnobTaA da keTilmmoqmedTa TÂsTa (mgz., 141,14).... viTarmed ar veCueno xSirad sustTa sqesTa, romlisaganca iyofiniwarmoos nayofman keTilman (mgz., 96,19).moyvanili magaliTebi, isev rTuli qvewyobilia warmomavlobiT,kavSirebiTi kilo mis damokidebul nawilSia gaformebuli.kavSirebiTi kilo TiTqos nawilakTan:Tanamedrove qarTulSi II kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis gamoyenebakavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT Cveulebrivia TiTqos nawilakTan.76

TiTqos nawilakis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia spec. literaturaSi, rom igiwarmoSobili unda iyos CarTulis tipis zmnuri gamonaTqvamidan TiTqos(

misganve daRaluli guli viTaRa uCueno, romliTa sircxuiliTamivhmarTo, ra saubari movigono, ra mizezi moviRo misisa gayrisa, anusuldgmuli viT vecruo? (visr., 177,16).aw me raRa vqmna, raRa Sendoba viTxovo CemTa sulTa wamReblisagan(visr., 177,15).vis gadaro, CemTvis mkvdaro (gur., 73,334,b).rac TqvenSi mglebman daWamos, Cven viTar gizRoT Rorebi? (gur.,65,273,d).Sevfice, viT-Ra vitvirTo es saqme ficTa gmobisa (gur., 59,229,b).magram raRa vqnaT, Tu lxinsa swraf Wirad Segvicvlidesa! (gur.,56,211,d).misgan wamÃdari saqmeni sxva mogaxseno raRani? (gur., 53,187,a).ra vqmna, es sofeli moklea (sibrZ., 287,14).amis nakveTari riT gadavixado? (sibrZ., 248,19).maTi samsaxuri viTa scnas, ras miiWirveben misTvis (sibrZ., 55,19).amis meti ra giTxra (mogz., 42,36).sxva wvrilmani raRaT giwero (mogz., 35,1).viTar aRsweros gonebaman gamoucdelman mas Sina (mgz., 104,6).viTar daverwmuno me, romel TquÀn xarT ukuÀ mosvlul aqa (mgz., 133,37).d. meliqiSvils miaCnia, rom amgvari winadadebebi “unda” modalurnawilaks gulisxmobs. marTlac, zemoT warmodgenil winadadebebSikavSirebiTis mwkrivis zmna-SemasmenelTan “unda” Tavisuflad Tavsdeba,magram, vfiqrob, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi intonacia Seicvleba, magaliTad,davakvirdeT “movitano?” da “unda movitano?” formebs, maT Sorisintonaciuri sxvaobaa: meore gacilebiT ufro kategoriulia damomavalSi usaTuod Sesasrulebel moqmedebas gulisxmobs, xolopirveli forma metad zogadia, saTuoa, savaraudoa, saeWvoa. aseTiveintonaciuri sxvaobaa Semdeg magaliTebSi: ra gavakeTo? _ ra undagavakeTo? rogor moviqce? _ rogor unda moviqce? da a.S.78

2.3.4.kavSirebiTia kilo “undas” Semcvel winadadebebSi:zemoT vaxseneT, rom undaobiTi modalobis Semcveli winadadebebiarsebiTad masdar-infinitivis konstruqciis safuZvelze unda iyosagebuli, iseve rogorc nebismieri modalurzmniani qvewyobiliwinadadeba. vgulisxmobT Zveli qarTulis amgvar formebs:romelsa hnebavs kualsa Cemsa Sedgomad, uvar-yavn Tavi TÂsi (m., 16,24).da unebs raÁme sityuad Senda (m., 12,47).xolo igi ganrisxna da ara unda Sina Sesvlad (l., 15,28).(masdar-infinitiuri konstruqciebis nimuSebi saSuali periodisqarTulis ZeglebSic moipoveba. dasturdeba isini “visramianSi” “amirandarejanianSi”,“vefxistyaosanSi”, “daviTianSi”, gansakuTrebiT dauCveulod xSirad _ daviT batoniSvilis “samarTalSi”, rac ar SeiZleba,bunebriv movlenad CaiTvalos da anton I-is gavlenas ar ukavSirdebodes.magram amjerad, naSromis formatidan gamomdinare, am sakiTxze arvamaxvilebT yuradRebas (miT umetes, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, igisafuZvlianad aris Seswavlili da gamokvleuli araerTi enaTmecnierismier).“unda” zmna Zvel qarTulSi uRlebadi formaa, romelmac subieqturipiri dakarga. piris dakargvis mizezis Sesaxeb n. kotinovi wers:“qvewyobil winadadebaSi kavSiris Cavardnis Semdgom igi kidev ufrodauaxlovda damokidebuli winadadebis kavSirebiTi kilos zmnas, amzmnasTan xSiri xmarebisa da masTan gansakuTrebuli Sinaarsobrivisiaxlovis gamo igi kavSirebiTi kilos zmnis ubralo danamatad iqca dapiris gamoxatvac mas daakisra”(kotinovi 1986: 89).avtors naCvenebi aqvs undaobiTi formebis ganviTarebis safexurebi:I safexuri: mas unda, rom gaakeTos; Sen ginda, rom gaakeTo; me minda,rom gavakeTo.II safexuri: man unda, rom gaakeTos; Sen unda, rom gaakeTo; me unda,rom gavakeTo.III safexuri: man unda gaakeTos, Sen unda gaakeTo, me unda gavakeTo.iqve mocemuli aqvs am safexurebis ganviTarebis damadasturebelimagaliTebi (kotinovi 1986: 89).79

Cven mier ganxilul ZeglebSi undaobiTi modalobis mqone formebsdasrulebuli saxe aqvs, magaliTad:mag rigi xati unda im wisqvilSi esvenos da RamiT gauqrobladsanTeli enTos (gur., 284,13).kacman unda siwmindiT Tavi Seinaxosa, araferi boroti guliTganiZraxosa, TviT eridos saZraxavs, sxvasa ara sZraxosa (gur., 130,Ti).codvisa aRsareba unda gamandoT da monanuli wavideTo (sibrZ., 45,33).veziri patronisa da qveynis samjobinarosa mdomi unda iyos (sibrZ.,89,1).es TeTri unda aRiRos aman da me momitanos (samarT. dav., 225.7).TeTri amas moabareT, an _ es TeTri mand unda mibardes (samarT.dav.,225.8).xolo Sesavlisa da gasavalisa davTari pirvel daRbaSsa da am meores,orives unda erTad hqondesT (samarT. dav., 191,19).daviT batoniSvilis “samarTalSi” “unda” sityva kavSirebiTismwkrivTan iSviaTad dasturdeba, gacilebiT xSirad igulisxmeba,magaliTad:kvalad (unda) ecadnen senatsa Sina myofTa, ...mswraflad gardaswyvitonyovlisave ganxilviTa da yuris migdebiTa (samarT. dav., 198.1).da msgavsisave saxiTa yovelTa sarqardarTa (unda) hyvandesT TviToeSikaRabaSi TÂsi sakuTari (samarT. dav., 193.23).xarki anu samoqalaqo mosakrefi raÁme (unda) moikrifebodes maTganTÂnier yovlis TualRebisa da (unda) miitanebodes maTgan Sesabamisadgilsa (samarT. dav., 181.19).SevadaroT aseTi formebi missave rusul paralelur teqsts:“samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa” «Приписка в крепость чужестранцев»[“e. batonymobisaTÂs”xolo vinca vis eymos paemaniTa 278. А естьи иностранец или жеda paemani jereT ara srul-eyos, кто‐нибудь из своих соотечественниukeTuiyos misgan msaxurebisa tvi- ков обяжется служить по условию,rTvaÁ, maSin, raodenic uweries pae- то непременно должен выжить поmani, aRusrulos msaxurman man. уговору все урочные годы».80

ufro dasrulebuli da Camoyalibebuli saxe aqvs undaobiT formebsvaxtang VI-is “samarTalSi”, magaliTad:Tu ver ifica, rasac edavebis, unda misces (vaxt., 86,34).Tu dawamebuli kaci gamtyuvndes, mkvdars sisxli unda mieces (vaxt.,61,10).Tu daWerili aris vinme, imis aSvebas unda gaurigos (vaxt., 93,10).magaliTebi mogzaurobis Janris Txzulebebidan:unda didi ekklesia aaSenos da Seamkos (mogz., 65,4).masukan yovlis dRes ase unda iqnaso (mogz., 83,23).samefo sasaxle unda iyoso (vaxt., 106,7).2.4.kavSirebiTis mwkrivi brZanebiTi kilos gadmosacemad2.4.1. kavSirebiTis mwkrivi gamoiyeneba I piris mravlobiTi ricxvisbrZanebiTi kilosaTvis, magaliTad:guale, igive gza ukuviaroTo (amir., 72,4).aw dRisiT mivideT da sada ufrosni laSqarni iyvnen, mun SevebneT(amir., 105,11).aw gamovarCioT adgili da davdgeT, Cuen wavideT. mciredni kacnivibezRneT da moviyvanneT simarjuesa (amir., 104,34).aw davsTmoT, ama weliwadsa erTsa viyvneT kidis-kide da merme dReTaCemTa uSiSad erTad viyvneT (visr., 166,25).merme raca Ãams, misi TaTbiri vqmnaT da Cueni saqme viurvoT (visr.,185,26).movitiroT Cven samkvidro TavSi Ãelis SemokrebiT (gur., 52,181,g).wavideT da daumtvrioT karni magra danajarni! (gur., 64,268,d).cotas xans saqmes daugdoT yuri ... vscnaT erTmaneTi (gur., 187,54,ae).moved da visamarTloT! (sibrZ., 54,13).daTvs belebi eyoleba, igini gamovasxaTo! (sibrZ., 136,20).moved, sayuarelo Cemo, CemTana da zogad viseroT (esop., 289,3).81

2.4.2kavSirebiTis mwkrivi gamoxatavs mesame piris brZanebiTs(mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi), magaliTebi:dausrulebel yvnes RmerTman mefoba Tqueni (amir., 110,20).Seibnen da gardiwyuitono (amir., 107,43).winamZRuari momcen da vaziroba aRar gina (amir., 91,29).raca sjobs, RmerTman igi gaqmnevinoso (visr., 186,2).maravi ... RmerTman Sen gibednieros (visr., 161,25).mas RmerTman Cemad naculad sxua vinme misces da Cemi saxeli da siyuarulidaaviwyoso (visr., 157,25).es kona wnuli iyos Senia (gur., 187,52,b).rogorc ujobdesT, ise qnan, miTam arc erTi myolia (gur., 100,523,d).aw neba Seni Cemzeda aRsruldes aRsasruliTa (gur., 90,446,a).RmerTman Tqvens mtersa Seyaros, rac me amityda Wiria (gur., 93,468,b).xaTunman Tavi daimdablos da daTesos (sibrZ., 298,1).Seni qoneba RmerTman mogaxmaros! (sibrZ., 101,10).es misi iyos da man Wamos (sibrZ., 104,9).RmerTman mogcesT keTili gzaÁ, mSÂdobiT (mgz., 178,22).miuxedavad imisa, rom daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis ZeglSikavSirebiTebis mwkrivebiT ZiriTadad momavali dro igulisxmeba (rTuliqvewyobili winadadebebis damokidebul nawilSi), vfiqrobT, rom xSirSemTxvevaSi III piris brZanebiTi kiloc aris savaraudebeli, magaliTad:da odes scnas, mswraflve patimar-hyos mouravman da miumcnosSesabamis adgilsa (samarT. dav., 207.21)....scnas ra namdvil, patimar-hyos; anda... patimrobiTa wargzavnosSesabamsa adgilsa (samarT. dav., 207.23).xolo sxvaTa zedan, garda amaTTa, ver ikadros ganvaWreebaÁ! (samarT.dav., 203.1).82

2.4.3. brZanebiTis iSviaTi formebibrZanebiTis iSviaT formebSi vgulisxmobT kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT IIpiris brZanebiTi kilos gadmocemas mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSida I piris brZanebiTis gamoxatvas mxolobiT ricxvSi.a) II piris brZanebiTis formebis gadmocema kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTucxo ar aris ganxiluli ZeglebisTvis, ufro metic, gacilebiT ufroproduqtiulia, vidre Zvel qarTul ZeglebSi.brZanebiTi kilos gansazRvrisas Cven amovdivarT debulebidan, rommoubris survili unda iyos Sesrulebuli. es survili SeiZlebagadmoices ara marto brZanebis saxiT, aramed Txovnis, waqezebis, xvewnamudaris,dalocvis, wyevla-krulvis (ninua 1968), aseve muqaris,gafrTxilebis, ubralod mimarTvis, mowodebis, trabaxis, darigebis daa.S. saxiTac, ase rom, Cven mier warmodgenil magaliTebSi brZanebiTikilo sxvadasxva niuansebs gamoxatavs, magaliTadsakuTriv brZanebis niuansiT: 1moxuidodeT Cuensa kualsao (amir., 23,9).Tquen laSqarTa ebrZodeT, viremdis veSpisagan moviclideo (amir.,95,42).maSin moiqca mis kacisa kerZo da ubrZana: ityodeo (amir., 4,17).muqara-gafrTxilebis niuansiT:ra yma iyo, patronisa adgilsa ekrZalvode (visr., 165,6).ese mtkiced icode, romel anu sikudili Seni mosrul ars da anu Cemio(amir. 58,39).icode, romel uomroba ara egebis Cuengan (amir., 102,24).dasturad mogklavT, icodeo (amir., 16,3).mimarTva-mowodebis niuansiT:remisa maTisa ese icode, romel eseTi cxenebi gamova, viTa ginaxavs(amir., 82,31)._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 SeniS. saSuali periodis teqstebSi amgvari formebis funqcia ufro farTo iyo,Tanamedrove mTis kiloebSi ki maTi mniSvneloba daviwroebulia: mxolod TxovniTibrZanebiTis funqciiT gamoiyeneba.83

pirvelad ese icode, romel waval dasturad (amir., 16,42).icode, viso, romel RmerTman Semiwyala, ra Sen dageÃsen (visr., 171,3).pirvel seriaSi am tipis magaliTi sul cxraa “amirandarejanianSi”,amaTgan eqvsi “codna” zmniT aris nawarmoebi. am formebSi rom namdviladkavSirebiTis mawarmoebelia -e (da ara Zveli I brZanebiTisa), imiTacdasturdeba, rom, rogorc ukve vTqviT, “od” da “d” savrcobiani zmnebisunifikaciis procesi dasrulebulia _ orive savrcobi I seriaSikavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSnad e-s gviCvenebs, xolo uwyvetlismawarmoeblad _ i-s.cnobilia aseve, rom II piris brZanebiTis warmoeba kavSirebiTismwkriviT ucxo ar aris Zveli qarTulisTvis (kublaSvili, imnaiSvili).garda amisa, “codna” zmna erTaderTia, romelic Tanamedrove qarTulSi IIpiris brZanebiTs kavSirebiTis mwkriviT awarmoebs (“icode, ar gabedo”).”visramianSi” orjer dadasturda “codna” zmna meore piris brZanebiTisfunqciiT kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi.amave ZeglebSi dasturdeba “codna” zmna I brZanebiTis funqciiT (samimagaliTia “amirandarejanianSi”, ori _ “visramianSi”, erTic “iqms” zmnisa_“amirandarejanianSi”) -i sufiqsiT.ese icodiT, romel viremdis Cuen ara daviÃocneT, Tquen manamdis aragevnos (amir., 47,8).me uRoniod waval, icodiTo (amir., 95,17).xvale uRoniod waval icodi (amir., 27,28).da Tu gajobo, amasve Sen iqmodio (amir., 76,24).Sahro, icodi, romel saukuno aris samkuidro kacisa da mas saukunesagankiTxuai iqmnebis (visr., 152,13).magra rasaca eZebs, eseca icodi, vera hpoebs (visr., 157,23).meore seriaSi kavSirebiTis mwkriviT II piris brZanebiTi erTaderTizmniT (naxva) aris warmodgenili “amirandarejanianSi,” magaliTad:mimarTva-trabaxis niuansiT:aw naxoT, pirno iamanisano, Wabukoba Cemio (amir., 24,27).dadeg, Sen jer cota yma xar da naxo Senisa monisa da gamzrdelisaomio (amir., 21,39).84

aw naxoT yofa xanTa mefis bumberazisao (amir., 25,25).aw naxo bumberazi Senio (amir., 39,16).nu SeiWirveb, Cemsa mzesa, aw naxo Wabukoba Cuenio (amir., 103,3).guibrZana Sors ukudgoma da naxoT Wabukoba amiranisa da sefedavlesio(amir., 103,10).aw naxo monaqnevi monisa Senisa omad madisZisao (amir., 72,22).aseTi SemTxveva sul aTia. am magaliTebSi SeiZleba momavali drocgvevaraudebina, rom ara II brZanebiTis ori forma:WenTa mefis asulo, moiqec da naxe saqmro Senio (amir., 73,15).aw Cemgan naxe sificxe Sen zeda, Tu ra movawio (amir., 42,42).erTgan marTlac SeiZleba momavali dro iyos savaraudebeli, radgan“naxo” formasTan sintaqsur kavSirSi myofi zmnac momaval drosgamoxatavs:Tu maT Sen dagajeron, maSin kula naxo Wabukobisa Senisa Zala (naxav)(amir., 25,4).II piris brZanebiTi kilo II kavSirebiTis mwkriviT dadasturda“iadigar-daudiSic”, magaliTadrCeva-darigebis niuansiT:Tu ese ar icodeT, isev sneuli romlisa xilTisagan aris avad, majaunaxoT da miT SeatyobT (iad., 53,30).am SemTxvevis garda mxolod “icode” formiTaa warmodgenili II pirisbrZanebiTi kilo, magaliTaddarigeba-gafrTxilebis niuansiT:icodeT, ama sneuls mwved sicxe da simxurvale aqvs (iad., 54,9).Tuara da es icodeT (iad., 73,21).ZeglSi “icode” _ “icodi” formebi xSirad monacvleobs II brZanebiTisgadmosacemad:Tu mtexars texa oTxs dRemdisi gaugrZeldes da aRar mieces, icodi,martvili mkvdari aris (iad., 77,12).gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa “daviTiani” im TvalsazrisiT, rom xSiraddasturdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT II piris brZanebiTi mxolobiTsa damravlobiT ricxvSi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am formebis umetesoba85

pirveli kavSirebiTis mwkriviT aris gadmocemuli, magaliTad, mxolobiTricxvSi I kavSirebiTiT gamoxatuli brZanebiTirCeva-darigebis niuansiT:iqmode gulis Tqmisasa gemovnebisa Tmenasa, ... guliT ufrTxode,yuriTa sasafrTÃos sityvis smenasa (gur., 34,53,ag).yuriT ismende, gulT modginebiT! (gur., 249,493,b).wyevlis niuansiT:...yovls pirutyvT-mÃecTagan wyeul iyav! xvidode mkerdiTa mucelzedTreviTa, miwasa sWamde! (gur., 242, 434,gd).mis vaJTa Tu qalTa umzerde kbenad! (gur., 242,436,gd).Sen qmarsa monebde, usmen-ugonebde, rasac getyodes! (gur., 242, 438,bgd).netar, es rogor Sen mkadre, xvidode, viT yroyinao! (gur., 171,13).Txovnis niuansiT:me SenTvis nebsiT momkvdarsa mamigonebdeo. mag Cems werilsa wignebsamSiersa mwyurvals asmevdeo, SiSvels Semosdeo, uZlursa, sneulsnaxevdeo. sapyrobileSi mWmunvarTa nugeSsa scemdeo, patimars, tyvesa,ucxosa Seiwynarebdeo (gur., 128,44,b; 45,ab; 46,ab; 47,ab).darigebis niuansiT mravlobiT ricxvSi:gafrTxildiT, Ãnarcvs ar CavardeT, brZnad gardavlebdeT gzasTvalsa (gur., 174,30,d).sainteresoa, rom amgvari formebis umravlesoba I seriaSia, magramdadasturda kavSirebiTis mwkriviT II piris brZanebiTis formebi IIseriaSic, magaliTadwyevlis niuansiT:rameTu Sen xar miwa da wyal-cecxl-qar, miwadca iqce! (gur., 242,441.gd).rCeva-darigebis niuansiT:Teimuraz miugzavno, Tqveni Zmaaa, misi siZe (gur., 59, 235,b).Txovnis niuansiT:rac me mogiTxaro, Sen miT ganmaxaro, maxumr-mamasxaro, macin-maxarxaro,daviTis mterT xaro ZiriT aRmosTxaro (gur., 116,gdev).daviT guramiSvili sruliad axalgazrda moswyda samSoblosa damSobliur garemos da Tan waiRo, erTi mxriv, Zveli qarTuli86

mwignobruli codna, xolo meore mxriv _ imdroindeli cocxalienobrivi Cvevebi, amitom misi poeturi ena gajerebulia im cocxalikilos surneliT, romelic man siWabukisas waiRo Tan da samudamodmasTan darCa, vinaidan samSobloSi aRar dabrunebula. es ZiriTadad arisaragvis xeobis qarTluri, anu cocxali qarTuli enis is mdgomareoba,rac me-17-18 saukuneebisaTvis saqarTvelos centralur regionebSi iCendaTavs (gigineiSvili 2009: 353-355).II piris brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatvac kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT sworedim periodis xalxuri enisaTvis unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli.“daviTianSi” I kavSirebiTis mwkrivi II piris brZanebiTis funqciiTdadasturda 48 zmna-SemasmenelTan, xolo II kavSirebiTi amave funqciiT _xuT zmna-SemasmenelTan.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gamoxatuli II piris brZanebiTis formebimxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi dasturdeba sulxan-sabasa da esopesigav-arakebSic, magaliTadgafrTxilebis niuansiT:RmerTi Tqvens nebas ar mizams, icodeT! (sibrZ., 169,2).rCeva-darigebis niuansiT:momicia adgili samefo Cemi da dReis waRma uflebde yovelsa zeda,(sibrZ.,142,9).keTili mazli xar, egre hyofdeo! (sibrZ., 113,9).imas scdilobde, romelic misi guliTadia, igi gaierTo, Tvara dRedagimokldeba (sibrZ., 119,6).visic sityva iameba, Senc uqo, Tvara Tu uZago, ar eZageba da Sengascruvde (sibZ.,119,4).Sen ese uwyode ... (esop., 281,34).Txovnis niuansiT:...sitkbosa wyliTa misi ali daSrite, da merme metyode! (sibrZ., 54,15).sxvas anderZs ara getyvi, oRond es aTavo (sibrZ., 298,19).sulxan-sabas “sibrZne-sicruisaSi” I kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gamoxatuliII piris brZanebiTis rva SemTxveva gvaqvs, xolo II kavSirebiTis mwkriviT_ ori.87

esopes igavebSi I seriis kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gamoxatuli II pirisbrZanebiTis sul erTi magaliTia.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT II piris brZanebiTis gamoxatvis nimuSebimxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi dadasturebulia daviT batoniSvilis“samarTlis ZeglSic”. es formebi ZiriTadad ukve “uwyis” zmnebSiamocemuli (mniSvnelobiT icis), magaliTadgafrTxilebis niuansiT:xolo uwyoden ese yovelTa, romel ziTvisagan qmarsa araraÁme Ãeleyvis(samarT. dav., 41.20).xolo uwyoden msajulTa: ... (samarT. dav., 127.13).aramed eseca uwyoden, romel didisa saqmisTvis iqmnebis ficxelitanjvaÁ (samarT. dav., 146.32).vaxtangiseul samarTlis wignSic moiZebna II piris brZanebiTi kilosmagaliTi kavSirebiTis mwkriviT, magaliTadrCeva-darigebis niuansiT:romelic genebosT da umjobes giCndesT, miT sjideT da samarTalsamarTalsa iqmodeT (vaxt., 46,21).es icodeT, damarxviT gunebaSi gqondesT (vaxt., 47,20).es formebi dadasturda sulxan-sabas “mogzaurobaSic”, magaliTadmimarTva-mowodebis niuansiT:rac geprianebodes, erTsa mosamsaxures miboZebde da mibrZanebdeo(mogz., 58,31).ori magaliTia g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSic”:da ukeTu sxvebruTuod gnebavsT igi, maSin, damtevebelman sxuaTakerZoTa, maCuenoT me sagani gansuÀnebisa aRmosavleTisadmi (mgz., 51,14).uwyode! viTarmed vera daimkvidrebs ZeÁsa Tana aznaurisa (mgz., 85,43).xSiria II piris brZanebiTi kilo mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSiTedo Jordanias “qronikebSic”, magaliTadTxovniT-brZanebis niuansiT:1259w. rkonis sigeli:da dagdeviT yovelTa weliwadTaA TviTo litra sanTeli da orolilitra zeTi da ese amsaxuroT da araodes ara moiSalos (qron., 143,14).88

1312w. caiSis saydris olarze amokerili warwera:da raodennica ebiskopozni iÃmarebdeT, locvasa momiÃsenebdeT (qron.,175,29).1399w. mcxeTis gujari #56:... k’zo elioz... gvilocvideT...ese aÃsniTi qarti niSnad moguiÃsenebia(qron., 204,6).1414w. mcxeTis gujari #44:... sekdembersa rvasa... CuenTÂs kargaRebulsa aRapsa gardaiÃdideT daerTi aRapi meoresa kviriakesa w’Ta ormeocTasa xazinadaris giorgisTuisgardaiÃdebodes (qron., 221,10).1419w. sinod. kant. sigeli nusxa # :Áa:... qk’zo elioz!... aRapsa gardaiÃdideT... qks: rz: (qron., 224,37).1504w. mcxeTis nusxa # :ri:rac im mamulisTÂs SekuÀTili aRapi iyos da eweros, TquÀn patronmankz’man araodes daakloT da yovliTurT unaklulosa aRapsa gardaiÃdideTda is zuari, sasaxle da glexni saxasod daiWiroT... ar gasceT...(qron., 320,10).1513w. mefeT-mefe giorgis gujari daviT-garejas:w’is daviTis udabnosa miiRebdiT da CuenTÂs aRapsa iqmodeT (qron.,332,22).1543w. Zlispiri ikorTisa #6:sxua arasTana saTxovarii ara geTxoebodes ra, xatis samsaxuris metiweliwadSigan amas miuarTmevdeT (qron., 386,9).1552w. ori sigeli mcxeTisa #10:rac ram feri yuÀla TquÀni yofila da Tq’n aiRebdeT (qron., 393,35).1602w. “brZaneba aleqsandre kaxT mefisa:rac samsaxuri gibrZanoT, gaarigebdeT (qron., 433,13).1689w. sigeli ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeosis mier micemuli:nuravis ras SescodebT Cvenis gulisTvis; gebralebodeT (qron., 510,5).Tedo Jordanias “qronikebSi” kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gamoxatuli IIpiris brZanebiTi kilos Tvrameti magaliTi daiZebna, isini dasturdebayvela saukuneSi Seqmnil sigelebSi, dawyebuli XIII saukunidan, XVII89

saukunis meore naxevriT damTavrebuli. unda aRiniSnos, rom ammagaliTebis umravlesobac I kavSirebiTis mwkriviT aris gadmocemuli. IIkavSirebiTis mwkriviT sul ori magaliTi dadasturda (CvenmxedvelobaSi gvaqvs II kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gadmocemuli II pirisbrZanebiTi kilo ar nawilakis gareSe, Torem ar nawilakiani II pirisbrZanebiTi kilos gamoxatva II kavSirebiTis mwkriviT Cveulebrivi dabunebrivi movlenaa yvela periodis qarTulisaTvis).b) pirveli piris mxolobiT ricxvs brZanebiTis mniSvnelobasemantikurad ar uTavsdeba, mas SeiZleba ebrZanos, roca igi sxvebTanerTad masac exeba, _ asea miRebuli spec. literaturaSi (SaniZe 1978,62).miuxedavad amisa, am periodis ZeglebSi dasturdeba kavSirebiTismwkrivis formebi mxolobiTi ricxvis I pirSi, romlebic intonaciuradmxolod brZanebiTebis rigs SeiZleba miekuTvnos, magaliTad:srulad movswyde samoTxesa, qvesknels viyo dasanTqmari (vefx., 137,g).vTqvi, Tu: “movkvde, bedi Cemi amis metsa aras Rirs-a!” (vefx., 363,d).Tu davarCino, RmerTi vgmo! misad patiJad mzad es-a (vefx., 580,d).davSalo, wverTa fu miyav, xeliRa vrbode me velad! (vefx., 1110,d).mivide, adgili igi movTxaro, romelsa kaci igi xSirad naxavs, davnaxo (sibrZ., 97,19).merme man davriSman Tqva: wavide am Cems amxanags tyuvili gaumarTloo,(sibrZ., 265,9).erTi magaliTia Tedo Jordanias “qronikebSic”:1654 w. mcxeTis nusxa # :rmg:jer viyo R’Tis Semcode da merme rostom mefisa... Tu me is gogo angavyido da an ram vawyino da an gavsce (qron., 468,15).msgavsi formebi mTis kiloebSia _ xalxur poeziasa da prozaSi,magaliTad:wavide, mec iq mivide, samZimar vuTxra Svilisa (l. vefx. da moym.)(WumburiZe, gabeCava 1999: 156)90

Tanamedrove qarTulSi Zalian momravlebulia mxolobiTi ricxvispirveli piris brZanebiTis formebi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT e. w.danamusebis, daficebis, daginebis Jargonul metyvelebaSi, magaliTad:usindiso viyo, Tu raime maxsovdes.me viyo ukanaskneli, Tu mogatyuo.brZanebiTis intonacia dahkravs aseT formebsac:wavide erTi, mivxedo: im bavSvma araferi gaafuWos da a. S.2.5. pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis asaxva kavSirebiTismwkrivebSi.cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTulSi saxelobiT brunvaSi dasmuli obieqtismravlobiToba II seriaSi yovelTvis aRiniSneboda -en/-n sufiqsiT,cnobilia aseve, rom, II kavSirebiTSi obieqtis mravlobiTobisaRmniSvneli -en sufiqsis Semdeg kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi -e sufiqsiaRdgeboda. -en pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis niSani Tavs iCenda i-da e- prefiqsiani pasivis konversiul formebSic, roca maTi subieqtimravlobiT ricxvSi aRmoCndeboda, cnobili mizezebis gamo. es wesi ZvelqarTulSi gatarebulia mtkiced da darRvevebis SemTxvevebi TiTqmis araa.ra viTarebaa am mxriv saSuali periodis ZeglebSi? ganvixiloT isini:pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiToba “amirandarejaniansa” da”visramianSi” aisaxeba -en/-n niSniT. aseT SemTxvevaSi kavSirebiTismwkrivis niSnad, iseve rogorc Zvel qarTulSi, gvaqvs -e (mniSvneloba araaqvs, romel funqcias gamoxatavs es mwkrivi), magaliTad:brZanebiTi kilos funqciiT:mciredni kacni vibezRneT da moviyvanneT simarjuesa (amir., 104,34).awe RmerTman Tualni agixilnes (visr., 171,32).91

adidnes RmerTman moyuareni Tquenni da arcxuinos orgulTa TquenTa(amir., 7,9).RmerTsa gaficeb, romel ese wigni srulad waikiTxo, Cemni Wirni scnneda raca momiÃsenebia, gaigono (visr., 172,17).kavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT:me mibrZane, davxocne-meTqi (amir., 10,5).siswrafe guinda, nuTu daÃocnen (amir., 16,46).TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois funqciiT:Tu ar damorCilde brZanebasa Cemsa, moguekueTos Tavi da SeWamnenÃorcni Senni ZaRlTa (amir., 24,41).da Tu daajerne igini, maSinRa xar siZe Cemi (amir., 11,33).omni, RmerTo, kargni giCuenneo (amir., 28,10).vire sulni medgnes, gul iyos Cemi guli (visr., 170,10).ra giCuenne moficarni da mowameni, maSin daijereb Cemsa moÃsenebulsa(visr., 180,37).amave ZeglebSi dasturdeba -en/-n niSani prefiqsiani zmnebis konversiulformebSic, magaliTadbrZanebiTi kilos funqciiT:adgili daesaxela, viTa: mun SeviyarneTo (amir., 100,40).gamodi xvale, me da Sen SevibneTo (amir., 102,7).aw SeviyarneT da wina mivegebneT (amir., 23,9).davesxneT RamiT da ra RmerTman gamoguirCios, isi iqmnaso (amir., 30,34).Wamon puri da Seixunen tabla Sina (amir., 104,38).TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois funqciiT:sada ufrosni laSqarni iyvnen, mun SevibneTo (amir., 105,11).ra isari da Cemi Ãrmali erTgan Seiyarnen, Cueni mteri cocxali verdarCebis (visr., 181,8).ra dia sanatrelad miCs igi Jami, odesca erTgan viyvnneT davixarebdeT (visr., 175,15).eseTi ra Rone Zebne, romel erTgan SeviyarneT (visr., 185,25).pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis asaxvis wesi –en sufiqsiT“amirandarejanianSi” “visramiansa” da “vefxistyaosanSi” TiTqmis92

mTlianad SenarCunebulia. am wesis darRvevis mxolod oriodeSemTxvevaa, magaliTad:Seviwio RmerTi Cemi da vazRvevino sisxlni bumberazTa SenTao (amir.,62,29).Seviwio RmerTi da ara SerCen sisxlni patronsa Cemisani (amir., 30,19).dadasturda ramdenime piruku SemTxveva: pirdapiri obieqtismravlobiTobis niSani gvaqvs, magram araa saWiro:RmerTman aTas wels acocxlnes mefoba Tqueni (amir., 54,8).adidnes RmerTman sefedavle igi darispanis-Ze (amir., 64,36).dausrulebel yvnes RmerTman dideba mefobisa Tquenisa (amir., 80,28).TquiT yuelama da visica sityuai sjobdes, igi davamtkicneT (amir.,104,32).ra Sen me ar mmorCilebde, Cem guerdiT ar gaixarne, sxuasa vishmorCilob? (visr., 173,7).sulxan-saba orbelianisa da esopes igavebSi, “daviTianSi”, aseve Cvenmier Seswavlil yvela Janris TxzulebaSi en/-n pirdapiri obieqtismravlobiTobis niSani kavSirebiTis mwkrivebTan aRar dasturdeba, magramamave ZeglebSi pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTis niSnis gamovlenisramdenime (TiTo-orola) SemTxvevaa -ebi struqturis i- da e- prefiqsianzmnebSi (konversiul pasivSi), roca maTi subieqti mravlobiT ricxvSia(raodenobis mxriv gansxvavebas aCvenebs mxolod samarTlis Zeglebi),magaliTebi “daviTianidan”:jer Cven dafarviTa, malviT gaparviTa amas vecadneT (gur., 209,204,e).vin icis, Cvenzed movidnen, Tqven mogveSvelneT safrada (gur., 56,207,d).miswera vaxtangs: “Sen mama, _ Cven viyvneT Seni Svilebi” (gur., 60,240,a).ganiswavleniT,...rom ar CascvivdeT, daiwvneT mwareT! (gur., 275, 33,d).sulxan-sabas igavebSi ori magaliTi dadasturda -ebi struqturis e-prefiqsian zmnebSi, mag.:visca ewvivneT, masca TqvenTvis asre aqmnevinos-meTqi (sibrZ., 193,11).kaci gavgzavnoT, povnas vecadneT (sibrZ., 20,17).“mefeTa salaroSi” erTi magaliTia:93

Ãelmwife misTvis aZlevs jamagirsa laSqarTa, rome rodes daeWiros,moeÃmarnen da gauTavon piroba (mefeT. sal., 275,20).sulxan-saba orbelianis teqsti “mogzauroba evropaSi” pirdapiriobieqtis mravlobiTobis niSans kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebSi aRargamoavlens, mxolod erTi SemTxveva dadasturda e- prefiqsiani vnebiTiskonversiul formaSi:wmida papas ebrZana: Cemi wirva moisminono da Cemgan eziarneno (mogz.,80,31).-en/-n pirdapiri obieqtis niSani i- da e- prefiqsiani zmnebiskonversiul formebSi gamovlinda g. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSic”:romelTaTÂsca ubrZaneben, viTarmed iyunenye danahSTni ZuÀlisasaswavlebelisa saxlisa (mgz., 116,16).romelnica gaukeTebiaT mkudarTaTÂs, raTa iyunen Seuxebel dasaRmrTo (mgz., 158,40).ubrZanebies, raTaAaravin Seexnen mas da ar daurRvion budeÁ (mgz., 135,7).rameTu gzasa zeda ukeTu dagvxudes mteri, ar mivscneT Tavni TÂsniiefad (mgz., 14,35).-en/-n niSani dasturdeba Tedo Jordanias “qronikebSic” da ara martokonversiul formebSi, magaliTad:1103 w. Zegliswera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:maT weliwadi da weliwadni dayvnen TÂToeulsa xarisxsa Sina (qron.,63,6).1125 w. daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi:...raTa romelni monasterni mamulisa Cemisani ganmimwarebian, moZRuarmanCemman ukun cemiTa maTiTa alocnes CemTÂs (qron., 52,3).Zegli erisTavTa:anu avaoxroT quÀyana maTi da anu SevhqmneT msaxur da mobegred CuÀnda(qron., 14,1).1103 w. Zegliwera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:94

...dahbada RmerTman dasabamsa xatebad da msgavsebaT TÂssa kaci,...raTamis mier viTA sazogadoÁsa sakrvelisa mier ...SeaerTnes yovelnisacnaurni da grZnobadni dabadebulni (qron., 60,24).XII sauk. mefesa daviTs monazoni arseni:...aw ZRunad mogarTuna Sen mwyobrman SenTaA amaT nazirevelTaÁsimravlisaman. raTa Sen miarTune eseni RmerTsa (qron., 69,28).1218 _ 1227 w. nawyveti arseni kaTalikozis siglisa:(yoveli ese simtkice da saxeni mtkice myofelni) ... akurTxnes RmerTmanda wmidaman dedaqalaqman (qron., 96,7).1259 w. rkonis sigeli:maT hkiTxnes RmerTman Cemni bralni aqa da mas saukunesa (qron., 136,16).pirdapiri obieqtis –en/n niSani sigel-gujrebis enaSi aisaxeba e- da i-prefiqsiani zmnebis formebSic, roca maTi subieqti mravlobiT ricxvSia,magaliTad:Zegli erisTavTa:saxeli ese ver dafaravs gvar-naTesaobasa maTsa, da Semdgomadmciredisa euflnen yovelsa quÀyanasa CuÀnsa (qron., 2,15).1103 w. Zegliswera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:da ukuÀTu iqmnas sada, oTxni igi kurTxeulni da orni makurTxevelnimaTni xucesni _ equsnive ganikanonnen (qron., 66,23).1259 w. rkonis sigeli:Tu maT ar gamoiyarnen karni da wirvisa da locvisagan ar daeyennen,damSleli amisi ar dakrulon (qron., 136,21).1233 w. ioane SavTelis kÂnklosi...:...zari mefobisaÁ warÃdes da didebaÁ daSrtes, Senobani uqmn iqmnen, ...(qron., 106,26).XIV saukunidan moyolebuli pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobisaRmniSvneli niSani umetesad dasturdeba mxolod -ebi struqturiskonversiul formebSi, magaliTad:1392 w. sigeli, micemuli aleqsandre mefis mier:... maTa yvelaTa Svilni da momavalni mteris mterni viyvneT da moyvaremuyrelTa (qron., 195,1).95

1420 _ 1428 w. sinod. kant. sigeli:vinc Semdgomad Cemsa sxuani mawyuerelni iyvnen da saydris-Svilni,...amave wesiTa mefeTa mlocavni viyvneT da Tquenni momÃsenebelin viyvneT(qron., 227,8).1453 w. mcxeTis sigeli #296:sadamdis Tquensa saydarsa ara daemorCilnen da razedac uwyrebiTTquenisa saydrisa wesiTa igi esreve ara dageurvos (qron., 268,6).1548 w. mcxeTis nusxa # :sld:Tu vinme garejelman kacman Segucodos da gamovenaxneT, misi naxevarijurumica TquÀn mogaÃsenoT (qron., 388,30).1597 w. sigeli nino-wmidisa #:raca saudabnoe aRapni iyunen, isi isreve mouSleli da Seucvleliiyos (qron., 430,15).1645 w. somxuridan gadmoTargmnili sigeli:da damtkicda maT Soris sityva ese, raTa ganvidnen orni da martonida moemzadnen TviT TavisiT (qron., 458,35)._ qk’s :tmÀ: nusxa # :rie:arc tyavis saqmeSi gaverivneT, arc gavasyidvinoT CuÀns aznaurSvilsada msaxurs (qron., 477,27).mogviano periodis ZeglebSic dadasturda -en/-n niSani saxelobiTSidasmuli obieqtis mravlobiTi ricxvis aRsaniSnad, magram aseTimagaliTi cotaa da ufro wina periodis enobrivi normebis mibaZvaswaagavs, magaliTad:1472 w. maRalaZeTa sigeli:damamtkicebelni RT’n akurTxnes da wmidaman dada-qalaqman (qron., 291,4).1484 w. aRapi samebis “ sulTaA matianasa”:damamtkicebelni R’n akurTxnes a’n (qron., 303,10).1500 _ 1516 w. mcxeTis sigeli # 415.aRamaRlos pativi misi da bednier yos da daanTqnes mterni misni(qron., 317,31).1500 w. qaixosros warwera Telavis tyavis wignSi:vinca Sendoba brZanoT, Tquenca Segindvnen R’n. (qron., 316,22).96

1523 w. sigeli baraTaSvilTa gayraze:moasxnen maTisa sasaxlisa mcnobelni kacni da Seadaron erTmanerTsada gayon (qron., 351,10).1581 w. daviT – garejis sigeli #1:damamtkicebelni amisni R’n akurTxnes (qron., 420,11).pirdapiri obieqtis asaxvis darRvevis SemTxvevebma Tavi iCina TedoJordanias “qronikebis” masalaSic. ZiriTadad -n sufiqsi warmodgeniliaiq, sadac saWiro ar aris, magaliTad:1103 w. Zegliswera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:aramed ukeTu saWirod radme iyos mSobelTa maT diad dauwindnen igiurTierTas (qron., 64,20).“dauwindnen” zmnasTan “igi” mravlobiTSi unda idges, asec igulisxmeba:aq laparakia mcirewlovan Svilebze.1259 w. rkonis sigeli:amis gamTavebeli akurTxnes RmerTman (-en niSani saWiro araa) (qron.,143,21).1562 w. _ :sn:“oqromWedelsa mamnes Seundvnes RmerTman” (pirdapiri obieqti ar Cans,albaT, igulisxmeba “codvani”) (qron., 403,13).1562 w. sigeli “iveriis” aTonur monastrisa #125:locviTa da trapezzedan momÃsenebelni viynoT mRrdel-diakonni daZmani (unda iyos viyvneT) (qron., 404,14).1566 w. urbnisis taZris tyavis sigeli:Tu R’Tman SuamdgomlobiTa TqueniTa wyalobiT mogvxednes (unda iyosmogvxedos) (qron., 407,28).-en/-n pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTis niSani i- da e- prefiqsianzmnaTa konversiul formebSi yovelTvis aisaxeba vaxtang VI-is“samarTlis wignSi”:7. ra rom dapirispirdnen, gauSvan da Seution, memaTraÃeni ar undamieSvelnen (vaxt., 50,24).98. ukeTu Zmani anu mama-Svilni, anu biZa-Zeni, anu biZa-Svilni, gina sxvanaTesavni, _ ... veRar moTavsden da gaiyarnen, ... (vaxt., 76,3).97

98. rodesac saxlis jalabni aiSalnen da damdurdnen, ... TiTqmisbatonTanac miawion, ... manamdin ar gaiyarnen (“damdurdnen” zmnaSi nen arunda iyos, amaze qvemoT) (vaxt., 76,6).98. gauyrelobas ecadnen da, Tu ar iqnas da ar daiSalon, asregahyaron (vaxt., 76,18).182. Tu vin icis naqiSpari da namdurevi kacni SeiZgernen da mokvdesromelime, ... (vaxt., 95,5).dadasturda ramdenime darRveva -en/-n niSnis gamoyenebisas:98. rodesac magaze gamoCenili Seiqnan, rome aiSalneno da veRarmoTavsdebiano, batonma kaci uCinos (unda iyos Seiqnnen) (vaxt.,76,12).100. da ramdenic oci komli eyolebis, yvelaze asre iqmonen (“iqmonen”gaurkveveli fomaa, unda iyos iqmnnen) (vaxt., 76,32).daviT batoniSvilis “samarTlis wignSic” pirdapiri obieqtissimravlis –en sufiqsi yovelTvis aisaxeba -ebi struqturis i- da e-prefiqsian zmnebSi. moviyvanT ramdenime nimuSs:[76] v. moxeleni pativsa moaklden da jurumiTaca daisajnen, daekklesiuriTa kanoniTa ganikanonnen (samarT. dav., 48,13).[81] b. maSin gamoirCivnen sarwmunoni kacni da warigzavnen misda da maTmier gamoikiTxos saqme igi (meore xazgasmul formaSi fuZiseuli -n-sgavleniT aris dakarguli pirdapiri obieqtis amsaxveli niSani) (samarT.daviT., 52,7).[228] a. xolo saldaTnica wamrTmevni nivTTa raÁmeTani ganijoxnen(samarT. daviT., 128,15).aseTi magaliTi daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis ZeglSi uamravia, ukeTrom vTqvaT, pirdapiri obieqtis -en niSnis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiTZegli gamonakliss ar uSvebs. am formebis aseTi momravleba XVIII _ XIXsaukuneebis TzulebaSi, albaT, arqaizaciisken midrekilebis maniSnebelia(SeiZleba anton kaTalikosis gavlenis Sedegicaa). -en/-n mawarmoeblisdaniSnuleba am periodSi vfiqrobT, gaurkveveli unda yofiliyo, rasacSedegad unda mohyoloda -nen daboloebis gavrceleba jer statikurizmnebis II seriis kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi, roca maTi subieqti mravlobiTricxvSi aRmoCndeboda, paralelurad I seriis -d da -od savrcobian98

kavSirebiTis formebSi, xolo maTi gavleniT wyvetilisa da uwyvetlismwkrivebSi. Cvenc vfiqrobT da uamravi magaliTiTac vadasturebT, romdRevandeli -nen daboloeba miRebulia -en pirdapiri obieqtismravlobiTis niSnis funqciis moSlis Sedegad kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi (a.SaniZe).Tanamedrove qarTulis mravlobiTi ricxvis III piris -nen daboloebisgenezisi TvalsaCinodaa gamokveTili daviT batoniSvilis “samarTalSi”:vgulisxmobT paraleluri formebis momravlebas pirveli da meorekavSirebiTebis mesame piris daboloebad mravlobiT ricxvSi,rogorebicaa: calke miarTmevden (198,11), ganawesebden (198,16), sWuretden(198,17), gamoarCevden (201,27), izrdeboden (166,13), miewereboden (194,1),miiReboden (37,20), uwyoden (41,19), ganipatiJeboden (82,19), ufrTxoden(103,19) da a.S., magram iqve: gaatandnen (198,19), ganucxadebdnen (203,15),ganarCevdnen (214,20), zrunvidnen (166,13), gamoarCevdnen (31,30), uqadagebdnen(162,19), iwodebodnen (219,11), mecadineobdnen (156,26), gamoirCevodnen (174,15),Seiyrebodnen (166,12).II seriaSi: ganvardnen (211,34), daSTnen (218,29), iqmonen (220,1), Camovidnen(212,12), mividnen (221,2), magram: STacvivden (171,5), mokrben (104,28) da a.S.Zveli da saSuali periodis qarTulis enobrivi normebis Sesabamisad IIseriaSi -en daboloebaa swori, xolo -nen darRvevad (arasworad) undamiviCnioT, Tu konversiuli zmnebis i- da e- prefiqsian zmnebSi subieqtismravlobiToba ar aisaxeba -en/-n niSniT, magaliTad: 1[91] ib. vinca iwyos mZarcvelobad saxiTa avazakebriTa, igini TÂnieryovlisa Sewyalebisa Zelsa damoekidnen (samarT. dav., 56.11).[142] d. da umetes maSin, odesca warigzavnon samsaxurzed JamsasaWiroebisasa da urC-eqmnen meufroseTa TvisTa (samarT. dav., 82.12)._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 SeniS. kidev erTxel vazustebT, rom terminebs “swori” da “araswori” viyenebTZveli qarTuli enis normebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Torem am periodis ZeglebSi -nendaboloeba, ra Tqma unda, gardamavali viTarebis amsaxvelia amgvar zmnebSi, xoloTanamedrove qarTulisTvis erTaderTi misaRebi formaa.99

[80] a. da ukeTu iyunen safarsa Sina da ara ipoeboden mun msajulni,maSin jer-ars ... (samarT. dav., 51,3).[223] b. ... maSin ornive mxilebul iqmnen msajulTagan uwesosaqcevisaTvis (samarT. dav., 125,7).[149] mouravTa, ukeTu TviT moagdon rame xarki, anu nacvalTa,...daisajnen viTarca qurdni da samsaxuridan ganvardnen saukunod (samarT.dav., 211,32).bolo winadadebaSi daisajnen forma marTebulia Zveli qarTulisenobrivi normebis mixedviT, xolo ganvardnen _ ara, radgan ar Cans -en/-nniSnis gamovlenis mizezi am zmnaSi. es faqti mxolod da mxolodpirveli zmna-Semasmenlis gavlenis Sedegi unda iyos, analogiis gziTgaCenili.aseve darRvevad unda miviCnioT -nen daboloeba meore seriis imzmnebSi, romelTa subieqtic mravlobiT ricxvSi dgas, magram ar arisprefiqsiani konversiuli pasivi, magaliTad:odesca samarTalsa Sina Sesrulni dazavdnen Tvinier mosamarTleTabrZanebisa, maSin damtkicebul iqmnes zav-yofa igi msajulTaganca(samarT. dav., 36,20).[154] ib. yovelni dasjerdnen, maRalTaganica da mdabalTaganica(samarT. dav., 87,14).romelic mecixovne anu mxedarTagani paemansa zeda Tvissa ara movidnen,glexni da saldaTni ginijoxnen, xolo keTilSobilni erTs Tvesdaipatimrnen (samarT. dav., 33,10).“ara movidnen” formaSi -nen sufiqsi “ganijoxnen” da “daipatimrnen”konversiuli zmnebis analogiiT unda iyos miRebuli.[188] b. fici esreT iqmnebodes, romel mokrben mun yovelni mxedrobanida dasdgnen stroiT da miitanonca zarbazani ... (samarT. dav., 104,28).erT winadadebaSia warmodgenili Zveli qarTulisTvis misaRebi“mokrben” da gardamavali safexuris amsaxveli “dasdgnen” formebi.I seriis kavSirebiTis mwkrivisTvis III piris mravlobiTi ricxvisdaboloebaa -oden da -den Zveli qarTuli enobrivi normebis mixedviT:100

[57] a. damnaSaveni miiReboden da eSuamdgomelebodenmca pativisaTvisekklesiisa moweseni ekklesiisani (samarT.dav. 37,20).[143] a. ekklesiuri sjuli yovelive mebr ganCinebisa sjulis kanonisaaRsruldebodes da gardamavalni mefisagan da mRudelT-mTavarTaganganipatiJeboden mebr mdgmoobisa saqmisa (samarT. dav. 82,17).[149] 31. garna wyalobisa wigni yovelni daimtkiceboden senatTaganca(samarT. dav. 212,12).[136] 25. da xarjisaTvis, raÁca moundes qalaqsa, warudgenden iginisenaTsa dawerilTa maTTa, miiRebden da miscemden angariSsa senaTTa(samarT. dav. 103,30).[155] 33. ustabaSs gamoirCevden yovelsa wels, da ukeTu swaddes,Zvelnive iyunen (samarT. dav. 214,17).[155] 33. yovelni Ãelosanni aswavliden ZeTa TÂsTa da monaTesaveTaTÂsTa Ãelovnebasa TÂssa (samarT. dav. 215,13).konversiuli (Seiyrebodnen, waridginebodnen) zmnebis gavlenis Sedegia-nen daboloeba Semdeg magaliTebSi:[131] 23. senaTni gaatandnen urmebTaA guamTaA maT, romelnica gamoarCionsenaTTa (samarT. dav. 198,19).[8b] senaTsa da dikastiriasa Svenis, raTa ornive Seiyrebodnen erTadda zrunvidnen rigisa micemasa da muSaobasa eklesiaTa maT (samarT. dav.166,12).[131] 23. senaTTa wardgeniTa waridginebodnen yovelni moxeleni daTxoviT maTiTa miecemodes maT jamagiri (samarT. dav., 197,4).doniani da odiani kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi -nen daboloeba gamovlindaTormet magaliTSi, II seriis kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi ki -nen mawarmoebelidadasturda Tvramet zmnaSi. -ebi struqturis mqone konversiuli zmnebisanalogiiT miRebuli yvela es forma Zveli qarTuli ZeglebisTvisdarRvevad unda CaiTvalos, Tumca Tanamedrove qarTulSi swored -nendaboloebas mieniWa upiratesoba.101

2.6. polisemiuri formebi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis Seswavlisas erTi sirTule iCens Tavs: rTuliqvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi Zalian xSir SemTxvevaSiSeiZleba kavSirebiTi kiloc ivaraudebodes da TxrobiTi kilosmomavali droc, orive forma advilad gaiazreba. amgvari formebiufrodaufro matulobs mogviano xanis ZeglebSi da maTi arsebobaerTxel kidev adasturebs im mosazrebas, rom kavSirebiTi kilo momavalidrois wiaRSi Caisaxa, Seivso ra sxvadasxva modaluri niuansebiT. aseTimagaliTi Zalian bevria, rac arTulebs am ZeglebSi kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoyenebis zustistatistikis dadgenas, magaliTad:vire suli edgnen, vire mTaTa zeda qarni qrodes da zRuaTa Siganwyali da Tevzi ipoebodes, bnelsa Ramesa siSave hqondes, caTa Siganmarskulavi ipoebodes da kacsa suli tansa Sigan uyuardes, _ visissiyuarulsa ara inandes ramin, arca misi fici gatexos, arca misisapirisagan kide sxua piri moewonos, arcavin sxua misgan kide undes daarcavis siyuarulisa TualiTa Sehxedos da arca visis unebeli qmnas(visr., 159,37).visica Sehfica agreve mtkiced, romel sicocxlesa missa Sigan raminsar ecruos da arca missa siyuarulsa ar moakldes (SeiZleba: ar ecruosan ar ecrueba) (visr., 159,43).virem axalsa Ãorcs Seisxemde rac Tavzed gesxmis, unda isxemde (sanamSeisxamde an Seisxam) (gur., 274,23,gd).egreTve, vgoneb, arca Sen gindos (vfiqrob, arc Sen dagindos an arcSen dagindobs) (gur., 270,4,b).mogviano periodis ZeglebSi viTareba ufro rTuldeba: qvewyobiliwinadadebis damokidebul nawilSi dro SeiZleba axlandeli an momavaliiyos, xolo kilo TxrobiT, kavSirebiT da brZanebiTs Soris meryeobdes,magaliTad:ara amisTvis mogaxseneb, leons Sengan boZeba akldes da didi wyalobaara sWirdes (...rom leons Sengan boZeba akldes da wyaloba ara sWirdes_ kilo kavSirebiTia, dro axlandeli; ...rom leons Sengan boZeba aklia102

da wyaloba ara sWirs _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro _ axlandeli) (sibrZ.,145,17).mSvidoba amas hrquian, rome kaci mSvidi iyos da gamwyo da mwyalobeli(SeiZleba: kaci rom mSvidia _ kilo TxrobiTi, dro _axlandeli; kacirom mSvidi iqneba _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro momavali) (mef. sal., 262,36).rac-oden Ãelidam gamogivideso sikeTis Zali miecio (SeiZleba: racgamogivides _ kilo kavSirebiTia, dro _ momavali; rac gamogiva _ kiloTxrobiTia, dro _ momavali) (mef. sal., 263,34).sadac Senis siuxvis ambavi iTquas, es Cemi ambavic Tqvio (sadac iTqvas_ kilo kavSirebiTi, dro momavali; sadac iTqmeba _ kilo TxrobiTia,dro _ momavali) (mef. sal., 270,5).Tu iman ar damawynaros, masukan meore wigni maCvene, Tu aRarc imiTiqnas, mesame wigni maCvene (Tu ar damawynaros _ dro momavalia, kilo_kavSirebiTi; Tu ar damawynarebs _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro _ momavali)(mef. sal., 277,31).me virem gamovcoxnide, es mTliv SenTqams (me sanam gamovcoxnide _kilo kavSirebiTia, dro momavali; me sanam gamovcoxni _ kiloTxrobiTia, dro _ momavali) (sibrZ., 34,4).polisemiuri formebi TxrobiTi kilos momaval drosa da kavSirebiTkilos Soris xSiria drois damokidebul da pirobiT damokidebulwinadadebebSi.Tu es niSani hqondes, Cemi viria (Tu es niSani hqondes _ kilokavSirebiTia, dro momavali; Tu es niSani aqvs an eqneba _ kiloTxrobiTia, dro _ axlandeli an momavali) (sibrZ., 292,1).sadac saxlis win Wandari idges da Wandris win auzi iyos, mun monaxe(sadac Wandari idges da auzi iyos _ kilo kavSirebiTia, dro momavali;sadac Wadari dgas an idgeba _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro _ momavali anaxlandeli) (sibrZ., 316,17).filosofosTac asre uTquams rome: romelsaca Ãelmwifes undodessikudilamdis misis Ãelmwifobis gaTaveba, simagres unda Zali misces daamiTve gauTavdebis wadili (romelsac undodes _ dro axlandelia, kilo103

_ kavSirebiTi; romelsac unda _ dro axlandelia, kilo TxrobiTi) (mef.sal., 253,39).virem Cemi sityva ar moismino, sxvaTa eniT ar momakvdino da egre viqmo(sanam ar momismino _ kilo kavSirebiTia, dro _ momavali; sanam armomismen _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro _ momavali) (sibrZ., 41,8).rodesac Sematyo makratelTa xmarebasa Sigan parva, xe momagoneo(roca Sematyo parva _ kilo kavSirebiTia, dro momavali; rodesacSematyob parvas _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro momavali) (sibrZ., 42,7).da meored romelic movides, mas miec Tavi misi (romelic movides _kilo kavSirebiTia, dro momavali; romelic mova _ kilo TxrobiTia, dro_ momavali) (sibrZ., 38,6).wavide da mas bumberazs veymoo (wavide da veymo _intonaciurad I pirisbrZanebiTad SeiZleba gavigoT, Seicavs undas gagebasac; waval da veymobi_ TxrobiTi kiloa momavali droiT).wavide da vnaxo misi unji, ris ufalia (wavide da vnaxo _ I pirisbrZanebiTi, Seicavs undas gagebasac; waval da vnaxav _ kilo TxrobiTia,dro _ momavali).nuTu tiki moaqvndes vismeo? (iqneb mohqondes an moaqvs) (sibrZ., 17,2).Sendoba is aris, damnaSaves ar gadaaxdevinos da danaSauli Seundos(rom ar gadaaxdevinos an ar gadaaxdevinebs) (mef.sal., 260,15).Tuca samarTali ar iyos, mZlavrni uZlurT amoagdeben (samarTali romar iyos; Tu samarTali ar iqneba) (mef.sal., 255,14).aseTi magaliTi sakmaod bevria da, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SedarebiTgviani periodis ZeglebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. polisemiuri formebisarseboba qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi kavSirebiTkilosa da TxrobiTi kilos momavals Soris gamowveuli unda iyos imiT,rom kavSirebiTi kilo momavali drois wiaRSia Casaxuli, momavalidrois Sinaarsi ki meqanikurad gulisxmobs sxvadasxva modalurniuansebs: saTuos, saeWvos, savaraudos, ... garda amisa, zmniswinianimomavali formebis gaaqtiurebasa da aspeqtis axali sistemisCamoyalibebas Sedegad mohyva is, rom I seriis kavSirebiTis mwkrivTauzmniswino formebma qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi104

(kavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT) SeiZines axlandeli drois mniSvneloba. esfaqti kargad Cans zemoT warmodgenil polisemiur formebSi.magram mogviano periodis ZeglebSi polisemiuri formebis matebas,gansakuTrebiT ki kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos axlandelidrois funqciis gamovlenas sxva gamomwvevi mizezebic unda hqondes:pirveli aris kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis umTavresi funqciis, TxrobiTikilos momavali drois, moSlis tendencia, rasac dasaxelebulmwkrivebSi funqciaTa aRreva mohyva, meore mizezi ki mdgomareobshipotaqsuri konstruqciebis rTuli sistemis TaviseburebaSi, romelicdRemde sabolood ar aris Camoyalibebuli da agrZelebs ganviTarebas.dasaxelebuli periodis ZeglebSi funqciaTa erTgvar “mowesrigebas”xSirad sintaqsi cdilobs, yvelaze kargad es tendencia “qronikebSi”Cans. moviyvanT Sesabamis magaliTebs:1236 _ 1248 w. sinod. kantoris sigeli #39.aw vinca raisaca saxiTa Seucvalos, hrisxavsmca R’Ti dausabamoi(qron., 126,20).magaliTis mixedviT, Tu damokidebul winadadebaSi kavSirebiT kilosvivaraudebT, ukeTesi iqneba, mTavari winadadebis -mca nawilakian formaSibrZanebiTi kilo vigulisxmoT, magram, Tu damokidebulSi TxrobiTikilos momaval dros vivaraudebT, damokidebulSic TxrobiTi kilosmomavali dro unda iyos (-mca awilakian formebs orive funqciisgamovlenis unari aqvs, amaze III TavSi visaubrebT).amgvaradve, sintaqsis daxmarebiT, unda gavarkvioT dro da kiloSemdeg magaliTebSi:1259 w. rkonis sigeli:vinca da ramanca guarman kacman anu guarisa Cemisaman, anu sxuaman vin,didman anu mcireman raisaca Jamisa moRebiTa Secvalos anu mZlavrobiT,anu moxueWiT, anu qrTamisaTuis, gina damcrobisaTuis vin ese Cemgangagebuli Secvalos da aqcios, Semcaicvlebis sjulisagan qristeaneTasa,risxavsmca mamai, Ze da suli wmidai, krulmca ars sityuiTA R’TisaiTai ...(qron., 138,24).105

1259 w. rkonis sigeli:da vin daamtkicos, R’n akurTxos. da vinc ese Cemgan gaCenili raimoaklos winamZRuarman, anu moZRuarman, metrapezeman anu krebulman,krulmca ars sityuiTa R’TisaTa da amaTca yovelTa mwvalebelTa Tanadaisjebis (bolo zmna-Semasmeneli gvaCvenebs, rom damokidebul winadadebebSicTxrobiTi kilos momavali dro unda vivaraudoT kavSirebiTismwkriviT) (qron., 140,10).1289 w. _ sigeli w’is mefis dimitri Tavdadebulisa:da vinca damaklos wamebisaTuis RmerTsa misces pasuxi gankiTxvisadrosa Cemisasa (vinc damaklebs _ RmerTs miscems pasuxs, an: vincdamaklos _ RmerTs misces pasuxi: mTavarSi _ TxrobiTi kilos momavalidro; damokidebulSic _ TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro; mTavarSi _brZanebiTi kilo; damokidebulSi _ kavSirebiTi kilo) (qron., 167,26).rogorc davinaxeT, kavSirebiTis mwkrivis formebSi (TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois warmoebis erT-erT ZiriTad saSualebaSi) SesaZlebeliazogjer TxrobiTi kilos axlandeli dro vigulisxmoT. “visramianSi”dadasturda am movlenis sapirispiro SemTxveva: awmyos mwkrivigamoiyeneba momavali drois gagebiT, magaliTad:anu daidgam kacobasa da iagundisebr sagrZelo xar? (visr., 159,12).Tu viroman momklas, anu dambeWdos, miamebis: moviTmen da jer var(visr., 160,46).garna aw Tu Sen Cemi coli xar, Semogficav, romel Sengan kide abezarivar yovlisa siyvarulisagan da arcara visisa saxelsa vaÃsenebo (visr.,169,35).da Tu spilenZi aTasjer cecxlsa Sina gamoadno, rZisferoba arcaegre aqus (visr., 178,42).aw amas gkiTxav: Cemzeda mterTa CemTa gaaxareba da vardisaebr cotasaxanisa moyuarobasa Sina xara (visr., 159,11).aqaTgan aoÃrdebis Sahros, yaranis da viros saxli, aqaTgan aRarnaTobs maTsa queyanasa mze da mTuare (visr., 148,4).106

viremdin maT Tquengan avi ar waekidebis da ar gardaaÃdevT, CuenmaTgan augsa da moyivnebasa Sigan varT (visr., 148,4).Tu qal-Svili momeces, Sen SegrTo da Seni coli ari! (visr., 142,19).gaiqec da nuRaravis aZlev sisxlTa (visr., 165,27).da ra momklan, maSin arcaRa Seni var, arcaRa Cemi (visr., 166,22).amas wignsa Tu kldesaca zeda waikiTxav, kldisagan kunesa, viTaCangisagan Ãma, gesmis (visr.,183,14).aseTi gagebaa ZiriTadad statikur _ “yofna”, “qoneba” _ zmnebSi (Tumcaara marto: naTobs, aZlev), maT mtkicebiTi niuansis Sinaarsi dahkravT.amave periodis ZeglebSi SesaZlebelia kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTaxlandeli drois gadmocema, vgulisxmobT TxrobiTi kilos axlandeldros.2.7. kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gadmocemulia TxrobiTi kilosaxlandeli dro (ganusazRvreli dro, kilo _ zogadi,CveulebiTi)saSuali periodis masalaSi aris magaliTebi, romlebSic kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos axlandeli droa dadasturebuli. undaiTqvas, rom qvemoT warmodgenil formebSi ufro zogadi, CveulebiTimoqmedebis Sinaarsia gadmocemuli, magaliTad:vinc rom Zraxvas Takilobdes, nurasa iqs saZraxavsa (gur., 51,174,a).Sen rom Svili ara gyvandes, ha Zma Seni da Zmiswuli! (gur., 59,233,d).Tu sneulebas ufrTxode, Wame, svi, Sesargonia (gur., 79,374,g).merme Sen gzaze mimiZeRv, sad gindes, wamiyoneo! (gur., 89,444,d).rogorc eweros winaswar Tqmuli, warRvniT qveyana iyos danTqmuli(gur., 248,483,a).iyos rac qveynad qvewarmavalni,....pirutyv-mxec-mfrinvel da qwemZromelni,...SekribeTeslada (gur., 253,524,a).107

mamav, maswavle, rac Sen icode (gur., 247,477).nu ginda bozi, anCxli da loTi, Tu ar gindodes Sens saxlSi SfoTi(gur., 233,368,ab).veWob kameCi magisTvis gerqvas (gur., 254,531,a).aRmisubuqe me tvirTisa amis Cemisagan da wariRe rame, ukeTu gindescxoreba Cemi (esop., 184,38).ukeTu xarT TquÀn jereTca damaSvral zRÂsa mier da hgoneb, miTrameTu ijdeT isev gemsa Sina da mimoekuÀTebodeT Relvisagan misisa,maSin moayuanineT qali (mgz., 50,47).moyvanil magaliTebSi zogan SesaZlebelia kavSirebiTi kilocigulisxmebodes, magram, vfiqrobT, rom am formebSi TxrobiTi kilosaxlandeli drois gageba ufro gamarTlebulia.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT axlandeli drois gamoxatvis mravali nimuSiaXVI saukunis ZeglSi “iadigar-daudi”:es gasaxsneli wamlebi da abebi gverCivnos, susti da advili iyos (iad.,88,23).Tu kacs Tavi sigrilisagan stkiodes, amisi niSani da almanaTi es aris(iad., 209,1).Tu kacs Tirkmeli stkiodes, maRla Zaxilsa, bevrs sarjels, Znels daZalians saqmes, amas yvelas eridos (iad., 343,22).da Tu ukana kari mwved ewodes da gamostexdes, es icode (iad., 431,24).saiTac Tirkmeli stkiodes, imave mxrisaken mklavis saSuali ZarRvigauxsnan (iad., 343,12).da Tu yuris tkivili buxrisgan iyos, moitane cotaodeni oqrosmWedlis boraqi ... (iad., 270,20).Tu kacs yuridaRman sisxli da an bayali sdiodes ui, icodeT, TavSigasuravandis seni asZvria (iad., 271,3).unda iTqvas, rom kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi ganusazRvreli, zogadi,CveulebiTi moqmedebis gaazreba umetesad pirobiT damokidebulwinadadebebSia SesaZlebeli.108

moviyvanT daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis wignidan magaliTebs,romlebic, Cveni azriT, aseve ganusazRvreli drois, zogad, CveulebiTmoqmedebas unda gamoxatavdes:da ukeTu ara hyves Svili da arca coli da arca aqundes vali, maSindanaSTomi misi dasdvan adgilsa erTsa da monaxon dakarguli igi(samarT. dav., 34,5).nuvin samRdeloTagani ikadrebs Sewevnad da miRebad esreTTa kacTaeklesiasaTa Sina, romelnica iyunen kacis-mkulel (samarT. dav., 37,13).romelsaca imedi hqondes, gina wigni mefisa anu mTavrisa, nuravinikadrebs Zrcvad (samarT. dav., 115.23).xolo eseca Sexudebis, romel Ze hyuandes dakarguli (samarT. dav.,118.13).visac aqundes saxli qalaqsa, anu baRi anu... viTarebisamebr miscesxarki qalaqsa Sina (samarT. dav., 203.3).aseTi magaliTi daviT batoniSvilis samarTalSi sakmaod bevria. imisdasadastureblad, rom daviT batoniSvili kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTaxlandel drosac gamoxatavs, mivmarTavT isev missave rusul“mimoxilvas”.“samarTali” SevadaroT «обозрение»s rusul variants:”samarTali batoniSvilis«Обозрение Грузии по части правdaviTisa”и законоведения»ukueTu uZlebebisa gamo ver Zal- 559. свидетели допрашиваются вidvas mowameman mosvla msajulTa суде. А на случай, если кто‐нибудьwinaSe, maSin gamoirCivnen sarwmu- из них за болезнию не может явиnikacni da warigzavnen misda da ться перед судом, отбирается от неmaTmier gamoekiTxos saqme igi.” го показание в доме чрез мдиванбега,но всегда после предварительнойприсяги.anda:[165] ig. suladisaTvis В Грузии... от всего урожая береsuladsaganiyofden mebr pirisa, тся по одной равной части на каж‐109

aodenica ars saxlsa Sina, xoloRvinosa _ mebr mklavisa. xolo sazrdonicapirutyuTani saSual ganiyofebis”дое к общему семейству принадлежащеелицо. Пропорция вина разделяетсятаким же образом, но толькочасти полагаются начиная с дестилетнеговозраста...yvelaze xSirad kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi TxrobiTi kilos zogadi,CveulebiTi (axlandeli) drois mniSvnelobas samarTlis Zeglebigamoavlens.2.8. III kavSirebiTis warmoeba saorientacio ZeglebismixedviTCven ar gamovyaviT erTmaneTisagan I da II seriis kavSirebiTis mwkrivebifunqciebis ganxilvisas, radgan isini am mxriv arsebiTad gansxvavebas araCveneben, magram III kavSirebiTis formebi calke ganxilvas moiTxovs,radgan, Zvel qarTulSi es mwkrivi iSviaTia, xolo saSuali periodisqarTulis ZeglebSi xSirad gvxvdeba, magaliTad:me Tu, mzeo, TqvenTvis fici gametexos, RmerTman awve risxva misizeciT CemTvis gaamexos (vefx., 538,ab)....movaxseno, raca mecnas, meti saqme ara mico (vefx.. 669,ab).veWv, mravali damexocos mona, misgan sayvarlebi (vefx., 1489,g).dahvedre: “sada me mevlos, vleniT igive velani (vefx., 433,g).rome mas Cemgan eswavlnen samamaconi znenia (vefx., 63,d).magaT samTa naqmari erTgan rac eqmnas, miTxaro (amir., 7,6).Tu metyuvnos sikekluce, icodi, yuelasa vityuio (amir., 44,34).Tu mevlos, amas gzasa gaCndebiso (amir., 45,23).egeTi xili sadaca genaxos, ara Ture mona var Senio (amir., 71,16).ra dabadebul iyvneT, egzomi ara ageRosT (amir., 81,45).110

me wagiyvan sanadirosa egeTsa, romel misebri ara genaxos (amir., 84,9).raca Cuensa guarsa kacsa sxuisaTuis ara emsaxuros, is TquenguimsaxureT (amir., 97,32).imaT kacTa Cemi sikudili ara SeuZlia, Tuara me gamogicadne, Tu viTaSeeZlos (amir., 98,5).ara Tu imaTi daÃoca ara SegueZlos (amir., 102,33).Tuali damigeTo, Tu patronisa Tquenisa Ãsna SemeZlos, TuiT naxoTo(amir., 15,19)....movaxseno, raca mecnas, meti saqme ara mico (vefx., 669,b).kutri igi daaficon, Semdgomad gamoZiebisa araraÁ daemalos masnaqonebi TÂsi (samarT. dav., 177.29).ukeTu daedvas veqilTa raÁme danaxarji, ... uzRvios (samarT. dav., 176.19).iyvnen mowameni orni, gina samni, da Sesawynarni, ...romelTaca exilvosTTvaliTa (samarT. dav., 146,13).-od savrcobiani warmoeba:raodenica modavesa mis kacisa wargzavnazed waregos da anu dagvianebisagamo xarji mosvlodes,...aRudginos modaveman misman (samarT.dav., 78,25).amoa, kargsa moymesa ra omi gahmarjvebodes, amxanagTaTvis ejobnos,vinca mas Tana-hxlebodes, miulocviden, aqebden, maT agre myofTaswbebodes, maT miulocviden, aqebden, maT agre myofTa swbebodes, Svenodesdakodiloba, cotai rame hvnebodes (vefx., 1061,abgd).racaRa gecnas ambavi, anu ra misi gsmenodes (vefx., 1221,b).gaguigonia, mefeo, romel ege kacni mogwyinebodes (amir., 39,41).mravaljer mihÃdomodes laSqarni da masve daeÃocnes (amir., 27,6).vici, mefeo, romel ege kacni mogwyinebodes da damaxocinen da ege kaciufro mogwyinebodis da marTal xar_usargebloni kacni iyvnes (amir.,12,41).aRara minda sawuTro, Tu yovlisaca dedofloba momxudebodeso (amir.,108,22).meSvelzmniani warmoeba:romel oden ara damviwyebodes da ar dacdomil viyo siberisagan,wigniTa gavagono mefobasa Tquensa (amir., 6,20).111

pirimca iyo TuiT vinme mosuliyos, samefo Seni aewyuitos da qalaqniwaexunen da borotsa Sina iyos samefo Seni da Cemad ar gibrZanebia(amir., 27,23).raca TqvenTvis ar vargiyos saWurWlesa dasadeblad (vefx., 814,a).erTi eseTi ram giZRuna, romel kacisa Tualisagan ara naxuliyos(amir., 34,14)....esTeni giZRunaT, romel kacisa Tualisagan arRara naxuliyos misganufrosi (amir., 47,4).ufro gviani periodebis ZeglebisaTvis III kavSirebiTebis gamoyenebaukve Cveuliebrivi movlenaa. avaliSvilis “mgzavrobaSi” dasturdeba IIIkavSirebiTebis mwkrivebSi “sT” ormagi daboloeba, roca subieqtimravlobiT ricxvSia, es formebi miRebuli Cans analogiiT,magaliTad:amisTÂs swameben aqaurni zogad, viTarmed wmidaTaAamaT mowameTaAbmiyosT qedTa zeda (mgz., 21,37).da Semdgomad usastikesTaA tanjuaTa ... moebasT quaÁ ese wmidaTaTÂsqedTaA zeda da hSTaenTqasT igini siRrmesa Sina rion mdinareÁsasa (mgz.,21,39).dRes mesma, viTarmed kancelariasa Sina moskovis balikozisasa eTqvasTgauSveblobaÁ Tqueni kairisadmi (mgz., 63,31).ityÂan kualad, viTarmed SeeqmnasT igi pativad imperatorisa severisa(mgz., 109,24).“moebasT”, “SeeqmnasT”, “eTqvasT”, hSTaenTqasT” mcdar formebSiormagadaa gamoxatuli S3 -a da -s niSniT (+mr. niSani), isini avtorisgaucnobierebeli mibaZvis magaliTebia, iseTi formebis analogiiTaamiRebuli, rogorebicaa: “ “aqusT”, “bmiyosT”.III kavSirebiTis mwkrivi saSuali periodis qarTulSi gvxvdeba mxolodrTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi, kavSirebiTi kilosgagebiT. III kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi dro warsulia (warsulSi momxdarimoqmedebis Sedegia momavalSi).112

II Tavis daskvnebi:saSuali periodis qarTuli kavSirebiTis funqciebis TvalsazrisiTarsebiT gansxvavebas ar gviCvenebs Zveli qarTulisagan.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoxataven a) TxrobiTi kilos momaval dros,b) brZanebiT kilos g) kavSirebiTi kilos Sinaarss.d) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoiyeneba aseve TxrobiTi kilos zogadi,CveulebiTi moqmedebis (zogadi awmyos) gadmosacemad.e) kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebSi SeimCneva polisemantizmi, ris gamoc Wirsdadgena imisa, konstruqciebSi drois funqciaa win wamoweuli, Tukilosi.ganvixiloT ufro vrclad:a) TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoxatva kvlav bunebrivia daxSiri Cven mier ganxilul ZeglebSi, amasTan, unda iTqvas, rom aspeqtissistemis SecvlasTan dakavSirebiT momavali drois axlebur warmoebazegadasvlis tendencia izrdeba ukve XII saukunidan. magaliTad,“vefxistyaosanSi” TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT Tu dadasturda 486-jer, axleburi warmoebis _zmniswinianimomavali gvaqvs 772 magaliTSi (Sefardeba TiTqmis 2:1-zea).Semdegi periodi ZeglebSi _ “visramiani” “amirandarejaniani”,“daviTiani”, sulxan-sabas igavebi, “ mefeTa salaro”, esopes igavebi da“iadigar-daudi” _ TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gadmocemakavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT aqtiurad iklebs, samagierod, kidev ufroizrdeba momavali drois gamoxatva axleburi - zmniswiniani formebiT(Sefardeba izrdeba: 2:1, 3:1, 4:1).es tendencia moulodnelad icvleba XVIII s.-is dasasrulisa da XIXsaukunis pirvel naxevarSi Seqmnil daviT batoniSvilis samarTliswignSi, sadac kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgamoxatvis 1683-mde SemTxveva dadasturda, xolo zmniswiniani momavlisformebis mxolod 736 magaliTi moiZebna (Cven moviyvaneT SesabamisimagaliTebi isev miseuli samarTlidan, rom zogierTi saeWvo adgili,romlebic SeiZleboda brZanebiT kilod migveCnia, daviT batoniSvils113

Tavad sxva, msgavsi konstruqciis adgilebSi zmniswiniani momavalidroiT aqvs warmodgenili).Sedareba gavakeTeTEaseve samarTlis wignis daviTisave rusul «Обозрение»‐sTanda mivuTiTeT, rom qarTuli “samarTlis” kavSirebiTismwkrivebiT gamoxatul formebSi msgavsi Sinaarsis rusuli Semoklebulivarianti kodeqsebisa zmna-Semasmenels umetesad TxrobiTi kilosmomavali droiT warmoaCens.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT momavali drois gamoxatvis aseTi ucnaurimateba samarTliani iqneboda, rom anton kaTalikosisa da misisaliteraturo skolis gavlenisaTvis “dagvebralebina”, magram, vfiqrobT,es faqti marto am kuTxiT ar unda ganvixiloT.amitom aucileblad CavTvaleT, gadagvexeda vaxtangiseuli“samarTlisTvisac” da dagvematebina Cveni naSromisaTvis kidevmogzaurobis Janris Zeglebi: g. avaliSvilis mgzavroba “Tbilisidanierusalimamde” da sulxan-saba orbelianis“ mogzauroba evropaSi”, raTadavkvirvebodiT, ra viTarebaa momavali drois gadmocemis TvalsazrisiTam TxzulebebSi.ra iyo motivi imisa, rom es Zeglebi gamogveyenebina am ucnaurimovlenis gamomwvevi mizezis dasazusteblad (vgulisxmobT daviTbatoniSvilis samarTalSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT momavali droisgamoxatvis matebas).motivi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: gvindoda, Tavisi drois ori didiavtoritetis _ sulxan-saba orbelianisa da anton I-is skolis gavlenismqone avtorebi da maTi naSromebi Segvedarebina erTmaneTisaTvis.sulxan-saba orbeliani SoTas Semdeg qarTveli xalxis sasiqaduloSvilTa erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia. is mxatvruli sityvisubadlo ostatia, qarTuli enis leqsikonis Semdgeneli, didi diplomatida saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis aqtiuri monawile.Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im garemoebas, rom sulxan-saba orbelianivaxtang VI-is erTguli da axlobeli piri iyo, romelic aqtiurmonawileobas Rebulobda sazogadoebriv da saxelmwifoebrivcxovrebaSi, is monawile iqneboda agreTve vaxtangis sakodifikacio114

moRvaweobisac, radganac vaxtangis samarTlis wignis SedgenamniSvnelovani saxelmwifoebrivi xasiaTis RonisZieba iyo (varaudoben,rom sulxani vaxtangis samarTlis wignis Sedgenisas sagarejosmonasterSia sagulvebeli da igi erT-erTi “saRmrToTagani” iyo,romelmac monawileoba miiRo am wignis SedgenaSi (surgulaZe 1959: 183)).amdenad, vaxtangiseuli “samarTlis wignis” ganxilva da SedarebadaviTiseul “samarTalTan” saintereso masalas mogvcemda kavSirebiTismwkrivebis funqciebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.anton I (1720 _ 1788), iseve rogorc sulxan-saba orbeliani, msxvilifiguraa me-18 saukunis qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi, misi avtoritetigamyarebuli iyo im faqtiTac, rom igi gaxldaT vaJi vaxtang VI-isumcrosi Zmis, iese mefisa da nazarali-xanis (erekle I-is) asul dedofalelenesi.antonma Seqmna axali saeklesio literatura, man danergasaqarTveloSi e.w. “sami stilis” Teoria, romlis gavlena XIX saukunisnaxevramde igrZnoboda qarTul mwerlobaSi da ris gamoc qarTulimwerlobis enis bunebriv ganviTarebasa da TandaTan daaxloebas saerTosaxalxo enasTan (rac ase TvalsaCinoa sulxan-saba orbelianisnaSromebSi), samwuxarod, garkveuli drois manZilze xeli SeeSala.antons bevri momxre hyavda ara marto Tavis sicocxleSi, aramedsikvdilis Semdegac. mas hbaZavdnen me-19 saukunis I naxevris mwerlebi.cnobilia, rom giorgi avaliSvili anton I-is skolis mweralia,damcvelia (Tumca araATanmimdevruli (metreveli 1967: 054)) misiorTografiul-enobrivi da stilisturi normebisa (SaniZe 1964: 78).amitom CavTvaleT, rom kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis funqciebis Seswavla g.avaliSvilis “mgzavrobis” enobrivi masalis gaTvaliswinebiT,saintereso daskvnis saSualebas mogvcemda.gairkva, rom vaxtang VI-is “samarTali”, romelic, savaraudod, sulxansabaorbelianis aqtiuri CareviTa da aseve sxvaTa monawileobiT Sedga(wignis SesavalSi vaxtangi wers, rom samarTlis SedgenaSi monawileobamiiRes: kaTalikosma domentim, mTavarepiskoposma grigolim da “sxvaTamitropolit-episkopoz-winamZvarTa da samRrTo-kacTaTa”, muxranis115

atonma ereklem, aragvis erisTavma giorgim, qsnis erisTavma daviTma,luarsab orbeliZe-sardalma, amilaxor avTandilma, mdivanbeg erastim da”sxvaTa yovelTa darbazis erTa CvenTa, kiTxviTa da WkuaTa myofelTa damoxucebulTa kacTaTa gavaCineT da davwereT”), TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois sawarmoeblad umetesad isev I da II kavSirebiTebismwkrivebs iyenebs (wigni 76-gverdiania da amgvari forma 706 zmna-SemasmenelSi dadasturda, axleburi momavlis warmoebis ki 482SemTxvevaa).magram anton kaTalikosis didi damfasebeli, misi skoliswarmomadgeneli, g. avaliSvili, TxrobiTi kilos momavali droissawarmoeblad TxrobiTi kilos zmniswinian formebs iyenebs da ara“kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebs”, miuxedavad imisa, rom ”mgzavroba” daweriliaumetesad anton I-is skolis rTuli da xelovnuri, RvlarWnili eniT, risgamoc calkeuli periodebis Sinaarsis gagebac ki sakmaod rTulia.aseTive viTarebaa momavali drois warmoebis TvalsazrisiT sulxansabas“mogzaurobaSic”, rac imis varaudis uflebas gvaZlevs, romkavSirebiTebis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois warmoebaJanris Taviseburebaa da samarTlis ZeglebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. estradicia ki unda momdinareobdes sigel-gujrebis enobrivi normebidan.sigel-gujrebSi erTiandeba mefis karisa Tu misi saxleulobismimowera, uZrav-moZravi qonebis wyaloba-boZebisa an yidva-gayidvisxelwerilebi, yma-glexTa ganTavisuflebis an aRzevebis brZanebebi,glexTa adgil-mamulis gacvlis, dagiravebis gaziarebis an sxva raimepirobaze garigebisa da mziTvis wignebi, sxvadasxva aRwerilobebi, oqmebi,gadasaxadebisa da Semosaval-gasavlis davTrebi. Tavisi SinaarsiT zogisigeli erTgvar samarTlebriv kodeqss gvagonebs, magaliTad, SevudaroTerTmaneTs sigel-gujrebis garkveuli adgilebi samarTlis Zeglebs:1459 w. samTavnelTa sargo da sakanononi:ukeTu kaci moklas vinme, mkvlelma xuTi Ãari miarTos da mkudrispatronma erTi. ukeTu vinme coli gauSvas xuTi Zroxa daeurvos. _ ukeTuvinme kudianoba anu mkiTxaoba qnas, cxviriT gaxeibrdes, da Tu Seinanos,ori Zroxa dauurvos. ukueTu kudianobazed dadaRon vinme, damdaRavma116

oTxi Zroxa miarTos da dadaRilma erTi. _ ukeTu isiZvos vinme, oTxiZroxa miarTos da buSic saydrisa ars. ukeTu uziarebeli moklasxucesman, erTi Zroxa dauurvos da Tu xucesman ver Seityos, mkudrispatronma erTi Zroxa miarTos da a.S. grZeldeba mTeli gverdi (qron.,275,38).1460 w. 12 ivnisi:Tu vinme gkadros da Tquenisa guarisa kaci moklas, didiTaASemoxuewiTA as-samoci aTasi kilmanauri dagiurvos; _ Tu vinme kadrosanu zeda daesxas, anu coli mogityuos Tquenisa guarisa kacsa, ormocda-xuTiaTasi kilmanauri dagiurvos didiTa SemoxuewiTa; ... Tu vinmececxli sasaxlesa Semogayaros, raca suli jalabi saxlsa Sina iyos,misi sisxli samarTliTa gaibrWos ... da a.S. (qron., 278,36).1428 _ 1430 w. TofuriZeTa sigeli:vinca: saxlad: dagesxas: dagwvas: alafi: waiRos: naxevari: sisxli:dageurvos: vinc: coli: gagiupatios: naxevari: sisxli: dageuros: vinca:gvarisa: qali: dagigdos: anu: saxlis: Svili: mogiklas: naxevari: sisxli:dageuros: da a.S. (qron., 234,4).1519 w. ax. _ gelaTis sigeli etratze:vinc usamarTlod Zalad Sina Camogixdes, anu vinme mogixdes, anu jogigagigdos anu marTalsa grZneuloba giTxras, anu vinme wina dagidges, anuvinme qali dagigdos, anu uomari ymarwÂli giginos, ... da a.S. (qron.,344,23).aseTi magaliTebi Tedo Jordanias “ qronikebSi” uamravia. axla vnaxoTsamarTlis Zeglebi:51. Tu sasaxlesa da col-SvilSi kaci miuÃdes kacsa da daesxas, racmoklas da an daWras, oroli sisxli misces da a.S. (vaxt., 65,17).247. q. vinc sxvis kacisagan moWrili damzadebuli rac raferi xewaiRos, patrons Tu ar daumalos, rogoric yofiliyos, an fasiTSeajeros da an isev imisTana mouWras (vaxt., 114,12).[192] g. vinca mZlavros qmriansa anu uqmrosa ZaliT da ese cxad iqmnasmZlavrebulisa misgan anu patronisagan, gamoerTvas mas sisxli mrTeli ...(samarT. dav., 109,2).117

[195] v. ukeTu vinme iqiraos pirutyvi da metad azavros da miT daaSaosanu mouvlelobiT daaSaos, gina moklas, maSin nacvlad misa aRudginospatronsa missa (samarT. dav., 110,22).vfiqrobT, zogierT sigel-gujarsa da samarTlebrivi Zeglebis enobrivstils Soris msgavseba ueWvelia. amgvar sigelebs samarTlis wignebisganganasxvavebs is, rom igi gacemulia erTi romelime pirovnebisa da misiojaxis an eklesiis mimarT; garda amisa, Tu samarTlis Zeglebis mixedviTama Tu im danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, damnaSaves sisxlis samarTliTgaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis garkveuli muxli Seefardeba, sigelgujrebSimas (damnaSaves) sastiki wyevla da RvTiuri samsjavro elis.SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samarTlis Zeglebi iwereba adreulisakanonmdeblo Zeglebis (sigel-gujrebis) enobrivi normebis mibaZviT.gviani periodis sigelebi xelovnurad emsgavseba adreul epoqaSigacemul sigelebs, xolo samarTlis Zeglebi baZavs maT: TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois gadmosacemad kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis gamoyenebasamarTlis Zeglebis saerTo stiluri maxasiaTebelia.amgvarad, samarTlis Zeglebi TxrobiTi kilos momavali drosumetesad kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT awarmoebs da es faqti mxolod antonI-is gavlenad ar unda CaiTvalos.momavali drois axlebur, zmniswinian warmoebas ukve did upiratesobasaniWebs mogzaurobis Janris Txzulebebi.b) kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoxatavs sakuTriv kavSirebiT kilosrTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi, kiTxviTiintonaciis mqone nebismieri agebulebis winadadebebSi, undaobiTimodalobis Semcvel winadadebebSi da iseT sityvebsa Tu nawilakebTan,romlebic SesaZlo, saTuo, saeWvo, savaraudo niuansebs gamoxatavs.g) aspeqtis gamoxatvis sistemis Secvlam gamoiwvia kidev erTimniSvnelovani movlena: rTuli qvewyobili winadadebebis damokidebulnawilSi kavSirebiTi kilo dasturdeba ukve axlandel droSi (I seriisuzmniswino formebSi), momavalSi da warsulSi (III seriaSi).d) kavSirebiTi kilo warsul droSi gvxvdeba mxolod da mxolod IIIseriaSi _ III kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi (ufro zustad, aq warsulSi momxdari118

moqmedebis Sedegia momavalSi), aucileblad qvewyobili winadadebisdamokidebul nawilSi. unda iTqvas, rom III kavSirebiTis mravaliSemTxveva dadasturda ganxilul masalaSi.e) saorientacio ZeglebSi dadasturda kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT I, II daIII piris brZanebiTebis magaliTebi. maTgan yvelaze sainteresoa I pirisbrZanebiTi kilos formebi mxolobiT ricxvSi da II piris brZanebiTebisuCveulo mateba mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi (e.w. TxovniTibrZanebiTi).II piris brZanebiTi kilo dasturdeba Cven mier ganxilul yvelaZeglSi, gansakuTrebiT xSiria daviT guramiSvilis “daviTianSi”. undaiTqvas, rom umetesoba am formebisa I kavSirebiTis mwkriviTaagadmocemuli.v) gardamavali periodis ZeglebSi SeimCneva kavSirebiTebiT TxrobiTikilos zogadi awmyos gamoxatvis unari rTuli qvewyobili winadadebebisdamokidebul nawilSi. rac ufro gviani periodisaa Zegli, miT metiaamgvari formebi. gansakuTrebiT xSirad gamoiyeneba kavSirebiTismwkrivebi TxrobiTi kilos zogadi awmyos mniSvnelobiT vaxtang VI-isada daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis wignebSi, aseve sulxan-sabas da g.avaliSvilis mogzaurobis Janris TxzulebebSi.z) amave periodis Zeglebis mixedviT dasturdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivTapolisemantizmi, rac TavisTavad arTulebs am ZeglebSi ama Tu imfunqciisTvis upiratesobis miniWebas.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi funqciaTa aRreva gansakuTrebiT gvianiperiodis ZeglebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da gamowveuli unda iyos ammwkrivebis umTavresi funqciis _ TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgamoxatvis TandaTanobiTi dakargviT, aseve imiT, rom am periodSisxvadasxva saxis hipotaqsuri konstruqciis Camoyalibeba TandaTan xdeba,kavSirTa sistemac Camoyalibebis procesSia.polisemantizmis daZlevasa da “mowesrigebas” kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSixSirad sintaqsi cdilobs.119

polisemiuri formebi kavSirebiTebis mwkrivebSi gansakuTrebiTmravlad SeiniSneba pirobiT damokidebul winadadebebSi, droisdamokidebulSi, qvemdebarul da damatebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi.pirobiT damokidebuli winadadebebis Sesaxeb zogadad unda iTqvas:1. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgamoxatva yvelaze didxans amgvar winadadebebSia SenarCunebuli.2. polisemiuri formebi umetesad am tipis winadadebebSiagamovlenili.3. pirobiTdamokidebulian rTul qvewyobil winadadebebSi momavalidro aoristiTaa gadmocemuli, anu aoristis formebs SeTavsebuli aqvTkavSirebiTis mwkrivebis funqcia, magaliTad:da Tu ver ifica, rasac edavebis, unda misces (vaxt., 86,34).da Tu isrev mamis mamulze da saqonelze movida Wiric indoma maTi dalxinica, eTxoebis (vaxt., 84,30).Tu ocdaaTi weliwadi iq dayos da ise movida da sxvas kacs eymo,veRaras Seua; Tu naklebi dayo da isre movida, veravin Seecileba (vaxt.,99,13).Tu uSvilod mokvda, sxva Zmebi da biZaSvilebi veras moedavebian (vaxt.,80,28).da Tu ar daijera da an mokla rame an daaSava rame ... pasuxi undagasces (vaxt., 97,34).da Tu ar dasTmo da aRarc mxlebeli indoma, gaagdo an gaaxeibra,erTis msaxuris sisxli misces, da Tu indoma, isrev erTis glexis sisxlimisce (vaxt., 72,14).Tu ufrosi Zma uSvilod amovarda, saufroso misi Sedegisa aris, daTu Svili darCa, Svilisa aris (vaxt., 79,20).Tu omi mohÃda, im laSqrobaSi uiaraRobiT mkvdari Seiqnebis (vaxt.,88,8).magrame, Tu gauSva, rac mziTevi mohyolia, ... Tan unda gaatanos (vaxt.,69,12).aseTi formebi Zalian xSiria vaxtangis “samarTalSi”.120

z) saSuali periodis Cven mier ganxilul ZeglebSi -en/-n pirdapiriobieqtis mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli niSani II kavSirebiTis mwkrivSiyovelTvis iCens Tavs R‐eb-i struqturis konversiul formebSi,moyolebuli XII saukunis meore naxevridan damTavrebuli XIX saukunispirvel naxevramde, zog ZeglSi ufro xSirad gamoavlens Tavs, zogSi _naklebad.Cvenc migvaCnia, rom -nen daboloebis Canacvleba I da II seriisSesabamis mwkrivebSi -en-is adgilas swored R‐eb-i struqturis mqonekonversiuli zmnebis gavlenis Sedegia (a.SaniZe).kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis konversiuli formebidan erTdroulad undagavrcelebuliyo -nen daboloeba III piris mravlobiTis niSnad sxvamwkrivebSi: I kavSirebiTSi, wyvetilsa da uwyvetlSi.121

Tavi III-mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebis funqciebiZvelsa da saSuali periodis qarTulSi3.1. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiT sxvadasxva funqciebisgamovlenisaTvis aucilebeli faqtorebi Zvel qarTulSiTavisi funqciiT kavSirebiTis mwkrivebs utoldeba -mca nawilakianisintaqsuri konstruqciebi, amdenad, kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis ganxilvisasaucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia es konstruqciebi da maTTandakavSirebuli sakiTxebi: sxvadasxva enaTmecnieris gamoTqmulimosazrebebi, problemebi da sakuTari Sexedulebebi.-mca nawilaks Zvel qarTulSi gansakuTrebuli datvirTva aqvs. amitomigi SeumCneveli ar darCenila Zveli qarTveli gramatikosebisaTvis.interesi am nawilakis mimarT ar ganelebula TanamedroveenaTmecnierebis mxridanac. amitom, sanam daviwyebT am nawilakisfunciebis Seswavlas saSuali periodis qarTulSi, mokled mimovixilavTmosazrebebs, romlebic gamoTqmulia am nawilakiani konstruqciebiTsxvadasxva funqciebis gamovlenis Sesaxeb, Semdeg mivuTiTebT garkveulsistemaze, romelic xels uwyobs -mca nawilakian konstruqciebs ama Tuim funqciis warmoCenaSi.-mca nawilakis funqciis gaanalizebisas a. SaniZem xazi gausva imas,rom es nawilaki TxrobiTi kilos formebs natvriT/kavSirebiT SinaarsssZens: “rTuli mca sufiqsi Zvels qarTulSi mniSvnelobas uZlierebs imsityvas, romelsac is daerTvis xolme. darTviT ki SeiZleba daerTossaxelsac, saxelis nacvalsac, zmnasac, zmnizedasac, kavSirsac. magram ragind sityvis nawilsac unda daerTos, sul erTia, imave winadadebaSinatvriT kilos ver ixmarT, aramed yovelTvis moTxrobiTi unda iyos”(SaniZe 1918: 79).aRniSna aseve, rom am nawilaks zmnasTan aqvs kavSiri, zmna pirianiformiT aris warmodgenili. es nawilaki gvxvdeba an awmyoSi, an srul122

namyoSi. ar aris gamoricxuli -mca nawilakis xmareba sxva formebTanac:uwyvetelTan da II TurmeobiTTan (iqve, das. naSr.).spec. literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom -mca nawilakian konstruqciebsigive funqciebi aqvs, rac kavSirebiTis mwkrivebs, esenia: 1) TxrobiTikilos momavali drois gadmocema; 2) gamoyenebulia meore da mesame pirisbrZanebiTebis gadmosacemad; 3) gamoxatavs kavSirebiT kilos; 4)gamoiyeneba pirobiT damokidebulian qvewyobil winadadebaSi, sadacdamokidebulSi aRniSnavs pirobas, xolo mTavarSi _ Sedegs.-mca nawilakian formebze dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom am formebiTsxvadasxva funqciis gamovlenisas angariSgasawevia Semdegi faqtorebi: a)saerTo sintaqsuri konstruqcia, romelSic -mca nawilakia warmodgenili;b) masTan dakavSirebuli zmnis mwkrivi da g) metyvelebis ra nawilzea esnawilaki darTuli:1) -mca nawilakian konstruqcias TxrobiTi kilos myofadis gadmocemaSeuZlia yvela saxis winadadebaSi: martivSic, SerwymulSic, rTulTanwyobilsa da rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis rogorc mTavar, isedamokidebul nawilSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi masTan dakavSirebuli zmna-Semasmeneli yvelaze xSirad dgas wyvetilsa da uwyvetelSi, awmyoSi daaseve awmyos xolmeobiTSi. Tavad -mca nawilaki SeiZleba erTvodeszmnasac, zedsarTavsac, kavSirsac, nacvalsaxelsac...da romelimca rCuli uwmide iyo, igimca Seviyuare (evst., 48,17).garna nu dagijerebies, Tumca me misa colad-Ra viyav (SuS., 36,41).Sen-Ra Tavi TÂsi ara Seiwyale da gansdeq RmrTisagan, Sen memcaSemiwyalea? (SuS., 38,46).ubralomca var, raÁ giyo Tquen (SuS., 39,43).romlisa Tanaca ipoos monaTa Senganisa barZimi igi, mokuedin daCuenmca varT uflisa Senisa mona (dab., 44,9).nu hgonebT, viTarmca me ZÂris metyuel raime vyav TquenTÂs (i., 5,45).ara momigies me saqmÀ, romliTamca ubralo vipove winaSe saydarTaSenTa qriste (xanZT., 105,29).jmnulmca var me Tquengan amieriTgan, rameTu arRara mixiloTcocxali gamosruli cixiT (SuS., 39,19).123

nu iyofin, UTumca Cem-ZliT raÁ SehmTxueoda Zmasa amas (zarzm., 171,1).2) -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia brZanebiTebis funqciiT dgaswinadadebis TavSi, rogorc es damaxasiaTebelia saerTodbrZanebiTebisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi zmna-Semasmeneli ZiriTadad awmyoSiaan awmyos xolmeobiTSi. aseT konstruqciebSi -mca nawilaki arasdroserTvis kavSirs:numca vin Sevals xilvad misa (SuS., 34,18).xsenebulvemca keTilsa Sina arian dedani igi, romelni tirildmovides samresa mas da kurTxeul iyvned (udabn. mr., 248,5).meoxmca xar winaSe macxovrisa yovelTaÁsa Cuen yovelTaTÂs (abo, 71,20).numca SerTul xar maT Tana (nino, 226,9).saukunomca ars saÃsenebeli da kurTxevaÁ maTi (iov. da efT., 188,6).iginimca wyeul arian da SeCuenebul (iov. da efT., 189,17).krulmca ars da wyeul da SeCuenebul da gankueTil wesisaganqristeaneTaÁsa da maT Tanamca Seracxil ars, romelni-igi Sinaganmcemeleqmnes ufalsa Cuensa iesu qristesa da a-mca-Ãocil ars igi nawilisaganqristeaneTaÁsa! (iov. da efT., 189,13).3) -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiT kavSirebiTi kilos gamoxatva da IIrezultativis fardi formebis gadmocema SesaZlebelia mxolod damxolod qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi.specialur literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom mTavari winadadebisSemasmeneli mxolod subieqts ki ar marTavs brunvaSi, aramed misisintaqsuri zemoqmedebis Zala imavdroulad damokidebuli winadadebisSemasmenelzedac vrceldeba, e.i. mniSvnelovani faqtoria kanonzomierisityvaTSexameba qvewyobili winadadebis farglebSi mTlianad(erTeliSvili 1963: 162-172).roca -mca nawilakian winadadebebSi igulisxmeba kavSirebiTi kilo anII rezultativi, qvewyobili winadadebis farglebSi sityvaTSexamebisaseTi Tanmimdevroba SeimCneva: Tu mTavari winadadebis Semasmeneli awmyosromelime mwkrivis zmnaa, -mca nawilakdarTuli damokidebuliwinadadebis Semasmenels kavSirebiTi kilos Sinaarsi aqvs.124

Tu mTavar winadadebaSi Semasmeneli aoristiT an warsulis romelimemwkriviTaa gadmocemuli, -mca nawilakian damokidebulSi ZiriTadad IIrezultativi igulisxmeba (damokidebuli winadadebis Semasmeneli oriveSemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad aoristSia) (erTeliSvili 1963: 107).mniSvnelovania, rom kavSirebiTi kilosa da II rezultativisgamoxatvisas -mca nawilaki mxolod da mxolod Sesabamis kavSirs erTvis,magaliTebi:a) -mca nawilakiani formebi kavSirebiTi kilos gagebiT:evedrebin yovelTave locvis yofad misTÂs, raÁTamca cvala igiRmerTman saxisa misgan ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa qristÀssa(SuS., 35,1).xolo magas ver vhyof, viTarmca mosisxleobaÁ iqmna (SuS., 37,5).awuevs mefesa mas, raÁTamca ganuteva coli igi mis (udabn. mr., 301,4).ver SemZlebel varT Cuen, raÁTamca gardaviÃadeT igi (udabn. mr., 272,11).Cuen qristeaneni varT da ara jer-ars viTarmca vWameT da vsuT nagebikerpTaÁ (kol., 72,43).inebeT CemTvis locvisa yofaÁ uflisa mimarT, ara xolo Tu raÁTamcamiÃsna me ÃelTagan usjuloÁsaTa, aramed raÁTa momces me Zali qristeman(kost. kax., 77,1).xolo aw wesTa maTgani sulierTaÁ mciredi raime gÂpyries, viTarmcazRÂsagan wueTi erTi vinme wyali aRmoiRo (xanZT., 112,28).xolo Tquen raÁsaRa zedamdgomlobT da damesxmiT, viTarmca mecaTquen gemsgavsne? (kost. kax., 78,1).mamaÁ iovane evedrebin da ara unda, raÁTamca amxila mas (iov. da efT.182,14).ara miyuars me rCuli ese mamuli Cemi da minebs vinmca mamcno rCulihuriaTaÁca da qristeaneTaÁca (evst., 48,16).bolo magaliTSi -mca nawilaki kavSirze ar moxvda imis gamo, romwinadadeba ukavSiro rTuli qvewyobilia.b) mca nawilakiani formebi II rezultativis gagebiT:da netarman man gulsmodgined moaÃsena, raÁTamca brZanes da ixilnesmisni igi SÀnebulni monasterni (exilaT) (xanZT., 120,6).125

xolo msaxurTa maT wariyvanes netari evstaTi sapyrobiled, raÁTamcaaRasrules brZanebuli igi (aResrulebinaT) (evst., 53,40).da vinaÁTgan berZenTa eseviTari Jami poves, Ãel-yves RonisZiebiTa,raÁTamca qarTvelni monastrisagan aRmofxurnes (iov. da efT., 186,41).amisTvis Ãorcni Seisxna, raÁTamca israeli mo-viTar-aqcia RmrTisacxovelisa (evst., 50,18).aravin ipova kacTagani, romelsamca aqunda wyalobaÁ da tkiviliCemTÂs, romelmanca Seajera uRmrTosa mas sawuTrosa meuRlesa(SuS.,42,31).umjobes iyo misa, ara Tumca Sobil iyo kaci igi (m., 26,24).da eZebdes, viTarmca warwymides igi (mrk., 11,18).yovelTvis ar xerxdeba zRvaris gavleba II rezultativsa dakavSirebiT kilos Soris qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi,magaliTad:da eneba, raÁTamca pirveli igi bWobaÁ da RmrTisamieri Cuen zedawyalobaÁ cudmca yves da amao (iov. da efT., 188,31).da hxedvida igi, v’rmca iyo wdasa beTlems (kim., I., 23,25).Zalian iSviaTia, roca -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia gamoxatavskavSirebiT kilos an II rezultativis funqcias da es nawilaki kavSirisgarda raime sxva sityvas daerTos damatebiT. es xdeba mxolod maSin, Tudamokidebuli winadadeba vrcelia (Serwymulia an Tanwyobili):evedrebin yovelTave locvis yofad misTvs, raiTamca cvala igiRmerTman saxisa misgan ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa qristÀssa;da eneba, raÁTamca pirveli igi bWobaÁ da RmrTisamieri Cuen zedawyalobaÁ cudmca yves da amao;da zenon gulsa etyoda: “raÁTamca mamuli da deduli monagebi dasaTÂssa dauteva nebisaebr misisa da TÂTmca iqmna monazon ucxoebasa Sina.4) -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia gamoiyeneba pirobiTdamokidebulianqvewyobil winadadebaSi, sadac damokidebulSi aRniSnavs pirobas, xolomTavarSi _ Sedegs. aseTi konstruqciis mTavari nawili ZiriTadadaoristSia warmodgenili dRevandeli uwyvetlis xolmeobiTis gagebiT,126

xolo damokidebulSi ivaraudeba II rezultativi (isev aoristiTgadmocemuli).pirobiTdamokidebulian qvewyobil winadadebaSi -mca nawilakiaucileblad dgas rogorc mTavar winadadebaSi, ise damokidebulSi.damokidebulSi -mca nawilaki aucileblad erTvis Sesabamis kavSirs.mTavarSi ars. saxelsac, nacvalsaxelsac, zmnasac, nawilaksac...magaliTebi:ukeTumca ara iyo daucxromeli brZolaÁ wmidaTaÁ, aramca moiÃsenesbrZolaÁ igi sikudild maradRe (= rom ar yofiliyo _ ar moixsenebdnen)(xanZT., 106,19).ese-Ra Tumca mecna, aramca Semogiteve Sen (=es rom mcodnoda _ arSemogiSvebdi) (SuS., 40,8).ukueTumca ara dagueyovna, awmca moqceul varT sam gzis (=rom ardagveyovnebina _ moqceuli viqnebodiT) (dab., 43,10).ukueTumca sityuvaÁ raÁ WeSmarit yofil iyo TqumulTa Sina SenTa,aramca raÁ boroti SemTxueul iyo Senda (=rom yofiliyo _ arSegemTxveoda) (iob., 4,12).uwyoda Tumca mamasaxlisman, romelsa Jamsa mparavi movidoda, aramcauflo daTxrad saxlisa TÂsisa (m. 24,43).ese Tumca iyo winawarmetyueuli, uwyodamca, rabami dedakaci Seexebismas (=rom yofiliyo _ ecodineboda) (l., 7,39).ufalo, aqa Tumca iyav, ZmaÁ igi Cemi aramca mokuda (=rom yofiliyavi _ar mokvdeboda) (i., 11,21).Tumca miTxar me, warmo-mca-egzavne Sen sixaruliTa (dab., 31,27).ara Tumca RmerTi mamisa Cemisa abrahamisa iyo Cem Tana da SiSi isakisi,aw carielmca gamomavline (dab., 31,42).Tumca ara Seamoklna dReni igi, vermca ganera yoveli Ãorcieli (=rom ar Seemoklebina _ ascdeboda) (mrk., 13,20).Tumca ara iyo RmrTisa mier, vermca SemZlebel iyo yofad raÁsme (=romar yofiliyo _ ver SeZlebda) (i., 9,33).aramca gaqunda ÃelmwifebaÁ Cem zeda arca erT, ara Tumca mocemuliyo Senda zegardmo (i., 19,11).127

daRaTumca ara visa Txoil viyav, viTarmca Tavs-videv kacisaÁ amisucxoisaÁ (mrvlT., 163,16).amgvarad, -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi Tavisi funqciiTkavSirebiTis mwkrivebs utoldeba. ori paraleluri formis _kavSirebiTisa da -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis _ arsebobis Taobazespecialur literaturaSi sxvadasxva mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli: arn.Ciqobava Tvlis, rom kavSirebiTi kilos formaTa CamoyalibebamdeqarTuli am formiT gamoxatuli kategoriis gadmosacemad -mcanawilakian TxrobiTi kilos formebs iyenebda, kavSirebiTisformaTaACamoyalibebis Semdeg -mca-s Tavisi funqcia didxans ardaukargavs da kavSirebiTis paralelurad ixmareboda. amis mixedviT, _dasZens avtori, _ kavSirebiTis mwkrivis formebi da -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebi sxvadasxva istoriuli fenaa qarTulSi: pirveli(kavSirebiTi mwkrivebi) ufro gviandeli movlenaa, vidre meore (Ciqobava1952: 275).-mca nawilaks specialuri naSromi miuZRvna p. gaCeCilaZem. igi somxurida berZnuli paralelebis qarTulTan SedarebiTi analizis Sedegadaskvnis, rom -mca nawilaki wminda qarTuli enobrivi movlenaa, rom igiar aris Sedegi berZnul-somxuri gavlenisa, radganac qarTulis amformebis Sesatyvisad ucxo enebSi sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebebiagamoyenebuli. avtorma Seiswavla -mca afiqsis xmarebis wesi originalurda naTargmn ZeglebSi da miiRo bunebrivi daskvna: “originalurTxzulebebSi meti Tu ara, naklebi sixSiriT araa -mca gamoyenebuli,amitom igi qarTuli movlenaa. garda amisa, -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi (aRmosavlursa dadasavlurSic) dRemde moipoveba” (gaCeCilZe 1960: 241).‐mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis Seswavlisas n. kotinovi eyrdnobaqarTuli oTxTavis DDE da C redaqciebis Cvenebebs da askvnis: oTxTavisDE redaqciaSi, iq, sadac -mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos formebiagamoyenebuli, C redaqciaSi kavSirebiTi kilos zmna Seesatyviseba. aseTiurTierTmonacvleoba oTxTavis redaqciebSi bolomde Tanmimdevruladaraa gatarebuli, magram SemTxvevaTa umravlesoba aRniSnul128

monacvleobas adasturebs. avtoris varaudiT, -mca nawilakis gamoyenebaTavdapirvelad erT romelime dialeqts axasiaTebda da Semdgomgavrcelda mTel qarTulSi (kotinovi 1986: 54).v. Tofuria wers, rom -mca-s fardi forma dRemde daculia svanurenaSi -u(_u), of_uf, oR-is saxiT. amgvarad, misi azriTac -mca nawilakidialeqturi warmomavlobisaa (Tofuria 1931: 183).gamoTqmulia mosazreba -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis wesis Seryevissxvadasxva garemoebebzec, esenia: a) TxrobiTi kilos myofadis formebisCamoyalibeba, ris Sedegadac II kavSirebiTs saSualeba mieca TxrobiTikilos gamoxatvaze aeRo xeli da mxolod kavSirebiTobis Sinaarsigadmoeca, xolo -mca nawilakiani formebiT kavSirebiTis gamoxatvissaWiroeba Semcirda, b) II rezultativis formebis gaxSireba, g) iseTikavSirebis momravleba, rogorebicaa: Tumca, viTam, ganaRac, nuca, odesca,Tumca, viTamc, ganaRaca/ganaRamca, numca, odesmca da a. S. (am nawilakebSi-mca kompleqss -mca nawilakis funqcia aRar hqonda) (gaCeCilaZe 1960: 248-250).veTanxmebiT im azrs, rom es konstruqciebi uZvelesia da romeliRacdialeqtidanaa SemoWrili salit. qarTulSi (gaCeCilaZe 1960: 241), magramamave dros gvgonia, rom uZvelesi SeiZleba iyos -mca nawilakianikonstruqciiT gamoxatuli mxolod erTi funqcia _ gamoxatos momavalidro. sxva danarCeni funqciebiT am konstruqciebis gamoyeneba hipotaqsurkonstruqciaze adreuli ar unda iyos. saidan Cans es:rogorc zemoT mivuTiTeT, -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia kavSirebiTikilos gagebas iZleva am nawilakis Sesabamis kavSirze darTviThipotaqsur winadadebaSi. aseve iqceva pirobiTdamokidebulian da IIrezultativis fard winadadebebSi, rac imaze unda miuTiTebdes, rom -mcanawilaki ukve gvian morgebulia im mzamzareul sintaqsur konstruqciaze,romelsac hipotaqsurs vuwodebT, rogorc Cans, kavSirebiTis formebisanalogiiT (iseve rogorc kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi, -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebic kilos gamoxatvisas saerTo sintaqsur mdgomareobasiTvaliswineben).129

maSasadame, upirvelesi unda iyos -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis miermomavali drois gamoxatvis funqcia. migvaCnia, rom -mca nawilaki veriTavsebs kavSirebiTis mwkrivs imis gamo, rom am mwkrivis umTavresifunqciac swored momavali drois gamoxatvaSi mdgomareobda.davakvirdeT zemoT moyvanil magaliTebs: ra aklia maT? _ Sesabamisisintaqsuri konstruqcia ama Tu im kilos gadmocemisaTvis aqvT, _ akliaTmxolod da mxolod momavali drois gageba, romelic saWiroa rogorcbrZanebiTi, ise kavSirebiTi kiloebisaTvis (arafers vambobT pirobiTimodalobebisa da II rezultativis gamoxatvaze: isini SedarebiT gvianimovlenaa, roca hipotaqsuri konstruqcia ukve myaradaa CamoyalibebuliZvel qarTulSi. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis SenarCunebac ZvelqarTulSi, vfiqrobT, imitom gagrZelda, rom maT SesaniSnavad moaxerxesII rezultativisa da pirobiTi modalobebis gamoxatva).bunebrivad daismeba SekiTxva: ratom ver iTavsebs -mca nawilakianikonstruqcia momaval dros, ra unda iyos amis mizezi? vfiqrobT, imkiloSi, saidanac es konstruqcia gavrcelda saliteraturo qarTulSi,myofadi mxolod leqsikuri saSualebiT iyo gamoxatuli. a. SaniZisganmartebiT, “-mca nawilaki rTuli Sedgenilobisaa _ warmodgeba -m daca nawilakebisagan. misi pirveli nawili (-m) naSTi unda iyos raRacsityvisa” (SaniZe 1918: 79). migvaCnia, rom -m naSTia iseTi sityvisa,romelic SinaarsiT momavali drois gamomxatvelia (rogorebicaa merme,Semdgom an raRac sxva), -ca ki mniSvnelobas unda uZlierebdes im sityvas,romelsac konstruqciaSi ama Tu im funqciebis gamovlenisas gadamwyvetimniSvneloba eniWeba (mag. kavSirs). Cveni varaudiT, konstruqciasdaaxloebiT aseTi saxe unda hqonoda: zraxva-yves (=raiTa-merme-ca),raiTamca iesu zakuviT Seipyres.d. meliqiSvilis mosazrebiT, am nawilakis pirveli nawili -m undamomdinareobdes -me ganusazRvrelobiTi nawilakisagan (Tumca =Tu+me+ca),-ca ki korelaciis mawarmoebelia. ganusazRvrelobiTi -me nawilakisaTuo-savaraudo-ganusazRvreli moqmedebis (> momavali drois) SinaarsssZens formas: momavali droc ganusazRvrelia.130

amdenad, Cven mier gamoTqmuli varaudi -mca nawilakis umTavresdaniSnulebaze _ gamoxatos momavali drois mniSvneloba _ vfiqrobT,ufro safuZvliani xdeba.amave mosazrebis gasamyareblad vityviT aseve, rom Zveli da saSualiperiodis qarTulis ganxilul ZeglebSi arsad ar Segvxvedria -mcanawilaki momavali Sinaarsis mniSvnelobis mqone sityvasTan.Segvxvda “merme” sityvasTan mxolod -ca nawilaki da ara -mca,magaliTad:“mermeca ipoos vinme, romelman ese Seimkos” (SuS., 38,24).werili w’is giorgi-mTawmidelis biografis giorgi monazonisa:da mermeca aRivsen piri CuÀni galobiTa, raTa qebaÁ R’Tisa CuÀnisaixilon mravalTaÁ (qron., 76,32).rogorc Cans, -mca nawilakis ganusazRvrelobiTi, anu momavali droisSinaarsi droTa viTarebaSi daikarga.3.2. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciis semantikis ganviTarebisaTvisqarTul saraindo poeziasa da prozaSi.-mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis TvalsazrisiT Zalian sainteresoasaSuali periodis qarTuli saraindo proza, amitom am konstruqciebzemsjelobas swored am Janris nawarmoebebis monacemebis mixedviTdaviwyebT.saSuali periodis saraindo prozasa da poeziaSi -mca nawilakianisintaqsuri konstruqciebi uCveulod xSirad ixmareba (mxedvelobaSigvaqvs `vefxistyaosani”, `amirandarejaniani” da `visramiani”). amasTanisini zustad imeoreben im funqciebs, romlebsac kavSirebiTis mwkrivebigamoxataven. ufro metic, ramdenadac izrdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivebisgamoyeneba sxvadasxva formebTan, imdenad -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebis gamoyenebis areali farTovdeba.131

gansakuTrebiT xSiria -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi“vefxistyaosanSi.” gacilebiT ufro metia, vidre Zveli Tu saSualiperiodis sxva ZeglebSi. vfiqrobT, am formebs rusTaveli poeturimizandasaxulobiT mimarTavda, es misi poeturi stilis maxasiaTebelia.swored rusTavelis gavlenas unda ukavSirdebodes -mca nawilakianiformebis momravleba saraindo-samijnuro prozaSi _`amirandarejaniansa” da “visramianSi”.am daskvnis miRebis safuZvels gvaZlevs is faqti, rom Tavad ZvelqarTulSi -mca nawilakiani formebi miCneulia istoriulad ufroadrindel movlenad kavSirebiTis mwkrivebTan SedarebiT da, Tumca -mcanawilaki kavSirebiTis paraleleurad ixmareboda, magram Sefardeba,gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, maT Soris sakmaod didia, magaliTad: p.gaCeCilaZis gamokvleviT, bibliis wignebSi (`dabadebisaÁ,” gamoslvaTaÁ”,msajulTaÁ”, “ruTisi”, “iobisi”, “esaÁasi”) -mca nawilakiani formebi 70-sver aRwevs (maSin, roca kavSirebiTis formebi 2000-ze metia, Sefardebaa30:1), “levitelTas” wignSi -mca nawilakiani forma ar gvxvdeba. aseveSedarebiT iSviaTia -mca “gamoslvaTasa” da “esaÁas” wignebSi (Sefardebaa:79:1 da 125:1), analogiur suraTs iZleva “mamaTa swavlani”, “saqmemociqulTa”da “kaTolike epistoleni”.qarTuli oTxTavis redaqciebidan adiSis oTxTavSi igi 191-jeraanaxmari, jruW-parxlisaSi — mxolod 127-jer.originaluri Zeglebidan giorgi merCulis TxzulebaSi “cxorebaÁgrigol xanZTelisaÁ” -mca 30-jer gvxvdeba (Sefardebaa 30:1), giorgimTawmidelis TxzulebaSi -mca nawilakiani formebi 52-jer gvxvdeba(kavSirebiTis — 203-jer, Sefardebaa 4:1), analogiuri mdgomareobaa sxvaoriginalur ZeglebSi (gaCeCilaZe 1960: 247).-mca Sua saukuneebis ZeglebSi dasturdeba Semdegi funqciebiT:1. -mca nawilaki TxrobiTi kilos romelime mwkrivis zmnasTan kavSirSigvaZlevs TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gagebas; 2. -mca nawilakianiTxrobiTi kilos zmna kavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT ixmareba; 3. -mcanawilakiani konstruqciebs aqvT undaobiT modaloba (rac TavisTavadkavSirebiTis Sinaarss gulisxmobs); 4. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi132

kiTxviTi intonaciis mqone winadadebebSi zmnas kavSirebiTi kilosgagebas aZlevs; 5. -mca nawilakian konstruqciebSi kavSirebiTi kilosgagebaa nuTu, netar (iqneb, egeb, netav) sityvebTan; 6. -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebi gamoiyeneba I, II, da III piris brZanebiTebis sawarmoebladmxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi; 7. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiSemasmenels aniWebs xolmeobiTis gagebas; 8. -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebi II rezultativis Sinaarsisaa.magaliTad:3.2.1.-mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebi TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois mniSvnelobiTvis mivando saxli Cemi, Sengan kide vinmc mefera (vin Semefereba)?(vefx., 791,g).avsa kacsa urCevnia avsamca ras adre scnobda (rac adre gaigebscuds)! (vefx., 762,d).sada gind viyo, ra mgama, yofamca mqonda nebisa (Tu avisrulebsurvils, ar menaRvleba)! (vefx., 802,d).Sengan Cemi siyvaruli viTmca ara damejera (rogor ar davijereb)(vefx., 791,a).raca saqme usamarTlo RmerTman vismca SearCina (vis SearCens RmerTi)(vefx., 783,d).kvla moaxsena: “ramca scan sityviTa esodeniTa”( ras gaigeb) (vefx.,761,b).marTal xarT, Tumca risxvani CemTvis ianazdeniTa (Tu gamirisxdebiT)(vefx., 761,d).pasuxad vwerdi: mTvareo, Senmca mze viT mogeria (rogor mogereva)?(vefx., 387,b).vinmca gasZlna Wirni Cemni, anu vinmca Seecada (vin gauZlebs an vinSeecdeba)? (vefx., 28,g).Tvara vismc eqmna gvarliTaASekrva Tavisa mrTelisa (vin SeikravsTavs)! (vefx., 262,d).mteri aravin giCans da ramca vin gkadra (vin ras gkadrebs) (amir., 97,46).133

gamosca pasuxi xvalisad, viTa: mzamca xar (mzad iqnebi)? (amir., 13,30).kargimca Wabuki viyav (kargi Wabuki viqnebi) (amir., 60,34).numc visgan mesmis ambavi mis devisao (nuravisgan gavigeb) (amir., 109,8).numca vin eZebs diacisagan mowyaleobasa, numca vin sTesavs mlaSesavelsa zeda vardsa (nuravin daTesavs mlaSe velze vards...) (visr., 165,12).raTgan ramin visis guli ar Seinaxa da mas ver Seegua, Senmca ragagaxara (Sen rogor gagaxarebs)? (visr., 178,3).magra aw Tumca RmerTman Senisa pirisa naxva momca da merme movkude,aRara mgama (Tumcas mniSvneloba umetes SemTxvevaSi aris rom, magram,ukeTesi iqneba, es winadadeba ase rom gadmogveRo: Tu RmerTi Sens naxvasmaRirsebs da ise movkvdebi, aRar menaRvleba) (visr., 185,7).TuiT misisave gulisagan kide miwToma vismca hqonda (vis eqneba)?!(visr., 185,42).-mca nawilaki TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gagebiT“vefxistyaosanSi” Segvxvda 80-jer, aqedan 64-jer _ wyvetilis mwkrivTan,9-jer _ uwyvetelTan, 3-jer _ II rezultativTan, 4-jer _ awmyosTan(oTxive SemTxveva nu uaryofiTnawilakiania). “amirandarejanianSi” -mcamomavali drois gagebiT dasturdeba 4-jer: 2-jer _ wyvetilTan, 2-jer _awmyosTan. “visramianSi” _ 6-jer: 3-jer _ wyvetilTan, 2-jer _uwyvetelTan, erTxel _ awmyosTan.mniSvnelovania, rom 1. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois funqciiT gvxvdeba nebismieri agebulebis winadadebaSi:martivSic, SerwymulSic, rTulSic, rTuli qvewyobili winadadebisrogorc mTavar, ise damokidebul nawilSi;2. Tavad -mca nawilaki SeiZleba daerTos nebismier sityvas: saxelsac,zmnasac, nawilaksac, kavSirsac...3.2.2. -mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos formebi kavSirebiTi kilosgagebiT:ar egebis amas iqiT, Tumca Tavi ar gamone (rom ar dagemono) (vefx.,258,b).134

Tavsa moviklav, me Tumca Sengan ar veWvdi wyenasa (rom ar velodewyenas) (vefx., 844,b).racaRa aris ar aris, Tumca ar edgnes budeni (rom ar hqondes bude)(vef. 222,b).yola Wiri ar egebis, Tumca lxinman ar dasZlia (rom lxinma ar das-Zlios) (vefx., 644,d).vin Rirs-a, Tumca wyalobiT ca miwyiv mobrundeboda (rom mudambrunavdes) (vefx., 1361,d).ese aris aja Cueni Sensa winaSe, romelmca vnaxeT Wabukoba Senio (romvnaxoT) (amir., 66,36).me minda ese, romelmca vinme Semeba omi gamiswora (rom vinme Semebas daomi gamisworos) (amir., 79,36).vinaTgan eseTi kaci gnaxeT, dReisiTgan waRma viTamca Seni varTo(TiTqos Seni viyoT dReidan) (amir., 87,7).Tquen viTamca Cemni Zmani xarT ( viTomc Cemi Zmebi iyoT) (amir., 87,10).lamis mefe, romelmca mzeWabuki da imarindo Seibneso (rom Seibnen),(amir., 89,12).aw viTamca Zmani xarT Cemni da ara ymani, egre dagiWirneo (viTom CemiZmebi iyoT) (amir., 97,35).Cuengan ese ara egebis, romelmca ara uSueleT (rom ar vuSveloT)(amir., 105,4).ra Tavisa saxlsa Sigan mteri gijdes, viTamca sofelsa Sigan gueligizis ( viTom gveli gijdes) (visr., 151,23).netarZi CemTuis, Tumca erTxel kula vnaxe (vnaxo) misi piri, anumcaRone iyo (iyos), mekubooba misi amas gzasa me momxudeboda (Semxvdebodes)(visr., 153,25).Tumca aTi aTasi suli medga, yuela misTuisve minda (aTi aTasi sulirom medgas) (visr., 160,39).nuTumca dailia Wirisa dRe da mogueswra sixarulisa da lxinisa Jami(iqneb dasruldes Wiri da mogveswros sixarulisa da lxinis dro)? _ amwinadadebaSi –mca-s Zala or zmnaze vrceldeba, aseTi SemTxveva ZvelmaqarTulma ar icis, saSuali periodis qarTulSi ki araerTxel Sgvxvda.135

-mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos zmna kavSirebiTi kilos gagebiT“vefxistyaosanSi” gvxvdeba 14-jer: wyvetilTan _ 9-jer, uwyvetelTan _2-jer, awmyosTan _ 3-jer. “amirandarejanianSi” _ 21-jer: wyvetilTan _ 11-jer, awmyosTan _ 8-jer, myofadTan _ 2-jer. “visramianSi” _ 20-jer:wyvetilTan _ 11-jer, uwyvetelTan _ 4-jer, awmyosTan _ 4-jer.mniSvnelovania, rom 1. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi kavSirebiTikilos funqciiT gvxvdeba rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebulnawilSi; 2. rodesac -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia damokidebulwinadadebaSi iZleva kavSirebiTi kilos gagebas, -mca daerTvis mxolodda mxolod kavSirs (ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi damokidebuliwinadadebis pirvelsave sityvas daerTvis), magaliTad:iagundi egreca sjobs, aTasjermca mina minda (mina rom aTasjerminobdes, iagundi mainca sjobs) (vefx., 304,g).RmerTman qmnas da gagimarjvdes, morWmulimca Cem kerZ ire! (RmerTmaqnas, rom gamarjvebuli Cemken wamoxvide) (vefx., 420,b).Tqva: Cemebri amirbari, naZlevi var, vismca hyavsa (naZlevsa var, romvinmes hyavdes) (vefx., 322,b).3.2.3.polisemiuri formebi -mca nawilakian konstruqciebSixSirad TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisa da kavSirebiTi kilosgamijvna erTmaneTisagan Wirs -mca nawilakian formebSi: konstruqciebipolisemiuria. am movlenis mizezi is unda iyos, rom orive formisaTvis _TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisa da kavSirebiTi kilosaTvis _amosavali swored momavali droa, romlis wiaRSic unda CasaxuliyokavSirebiTi kilo, magaliTad:uSenod ramca viT gavixareo (rogor gavixareb an rogor gavixaro)?(vefx., 1650,g).radmca gagwire, Tu viTa gayrasa moviTminebi (rad gagwirav an radgagwiro)? (vefx., 1580,d).monebisa ukeTesi ramc viSove, ramc viqone (ras viSovi, ras viqonieb anra viSovo, ra viqonio)? (vefx., 1646,d).136

aseTi magaliTebisaTvis ama Tu im mniSvnelobis mikuTvnebasubieqturia, mTlianad mkiTxvelis aRqma - gemovnebazea damokidebuli.3.2.4. kavSirebiTia kilo “undaobiTi” modalobis Semcvel -mcanawilakian konstruqciebSic, magaliTad:magisad nacvlad ramc viyav Rirsi qebisa Tquenisa (ra unda viyo) (vefx.,303,b).moilodine, movides, razomca dageyovnebis (rac unda didxans elodo)(vefx., 264,g).man gananaTlos mWvretelTa guli, razomca bnelia (rac unda bneliiyos) (vefx., 481,g).mivhyve, miambobs yvelasa, razomca cecxli mwvav alTa (rac undamwvavdes) (vefx., 1101,g).ese Rawvni mzisad xmaman, kacTaganmca viT ikocnes (kacma rogor undaakocos)! (vefx., 1170,b).ymaman uTxra: ver wagitan, razomsamca cremlsa hRvridi (ramdenicremlic unda Rvaro) (vefx., 790,d).razomca swyrebi, Semindev Secvla Tqvenisa mcnebisa (rac undaswyrebode) (vefx., 802,a).razomca naTobs sinaTle, CemTvis egreca bnelia (rac unda naTobdes)(vefx., 1303,b).razomca didi laSqari aris, omsa versiT wauvalT (rac unda didilaSqari iyos) (amir., 105,10).razomca mival Cemi kuali mrudad Cans (rac unda vakeTo, rogorc arunda viaro) (visr., 163,19).razomca Sen damamZime, me arca ra kadrebisa Rone ege maquso (rac undadamamZimo) (visr., 180,27).me razomca nisli momxuevia, darisa kargisa da mTuarisa naTlisaganimedsa ar gardavswyued (rac unda nisli mexvios) (visr., 166,29).razomca kekluci da Ãelmwife qmrebi uvis, malviT egreca mijnuroben(rac unda lamazi da didebuli qmrebi hyavdeT) (visr., 156,22).137

azomca Sengan mteroba vcan, kideganobisa borkilTa damWede dagulsa cecxli Camigzne, TualTa sisxli madine, sisxlisa tbasa Camagdeda jeonsa Sigan CamarCev _ me guli arca egre metyuis Sensa wyevasa (racunda mtroba vcno, ... dambeWdo, ... Camigzno, ... madino, ... Camagdo da ...CamarCo ... _ mcas Zala vrceldeba eqvs zmnaze-Semasmenelze) (visr., 173,22).kilos mixedviT “undaobiTi” formebi Sualedur viTarebas gviCvenebsbrZanebiT da kavSirebiT kiloebs Soris. am mxriv garkveuli zRvarisgavleba SeiZleba: roca undaobiTi forma igulisxmeba qvewyobiliwinadadebis damokidebul nawilSi an kiTxviTi Sinaarsis mqonewinadadebebSi, maSin kilo SesaZlo, saTuo, savaraudo niuansebismixedviT kavSirebiTia (amas adasturebs zemoT warmodgenili magaliTebi).roca undaobiTi forma mTavar winadadebaSi igulisxmeba, maSin igikategoriulobiT brZanebiT kilos emsgavseba, magaliTad:mqmneli saqmisa Znelisa kacimca iyo cnobili (kaci unda iyos) (vefx.,943,b).kacimca maSin Tqven gaxlavs, ra omman qmnas gaWiroba (kaci maSin undagaxldes) (vefx., 1410,d).maTTa mWvretelTa gulnimca esxnes wrTobilni (wrTobili gulebiunda hqondeT) (vefx., 1576,d).avTandilis maqebelTa aTasimca ena enda (aTasi ena unda enobdes)!(vefx., 1057,a).saxl-sayofi ara hmarTebs, camca gaidarbazesa (ca unda gaidarbazon)(vefx., 690,d).qali hyva erTsa monasa, vcanmca, Tu moRma vin are (unda gamego) (vefx.,574,b).kaci iyo saqmisamca Sesaferi, Sesatyvisi (kaci unda iyos saqmisSesaferisi) (vefx., 781,b).“undas” Semcvel winadadebebSi -mca nawilaki “vefxistyaosanSi”dadasturda 27-jer: 11-jer _ wyvetilSi, 2-jer _ uwyvetelSi, 14-jer _awmyoSi (razomca kavSirTan _ rac unda, ragind mniSvnelobiT _yovelTvis awmyoSia); `amirandarejanianSi” _ erTxel wyvetilismwkrivTan; `visramianSi” _ 5-jer (erT winadadebaSi –mca nawilakis Zala138

eqvs zmnaze vrceldeba, ase rom, sul aTi zmna ganicdis sintaqsurzemoqmedebas: 7-jer -mca wyvetilis formas ukavSirdeba, 2-jer _ awmyos,erTxel _ I rezultativs.3.2.5. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi kiTxviTi Sinaarsis mqonewinadadebebSi zmna-Semasmenels kavSirebiTi kilos gagebas aniWebs,magaliTad:SenTvis movkvde, amisebri memca saqme ra viRone (ra viRono)! (vefx.,258,d).Sen ar jer xar, uswavlelni kacni viTmca Sevajeren (rogor davajero)!(vefx., 799,d).lomo, qebani Sennimca Cven viTa vadiadeniT (rogor vadidoT)! (vefx.,1129,b).raTaca viT vhpoveb, mas viqm, gulman sxvamca ra ismina ( sxva ra moisminos)!(vefx., 1100,d).sulTa mogcem gulisaTvis, sxva metimca ra gaqone (meti ra mogce)?(vefx., 252,d).nuTu yos RmerTman gaZleba, memca viT mivec enasa (rogor mivce enasgaZleba) (vefx., 308,b).sxvad ambavi aqauri meti ramca mogiwere (meti ra mogwero) (vefx., 1296,a)sxvamca ra gkadreT (sxva ra gkadroT)? (vefx., 516,d).ramca vqmen nacvlad, TviT rome misi Cemzeda valia (ra gavakeTosanacvlod)! (vefx., 590,b).aw rad radmca esre uTminod viyav? rad radmca esre daRrejili damiWirvebuli viyav (ratom viyo ase SeWirvebuli da mowyenili)?(visr.,182,19).kiTxviTi intonaciis Semcveli -mca nawilakiani formebi kavSirebiTikilos gagebiT `vefxistyaosanSi” 29-jer Segvxvda: wyvetilTan _ 28-jer,uwyvetelTan _ erTxel; `amirandarejanianSi”aseTi formebi ara gvaqvs;“visramianSi” ori magaliTia, orive wyvetilis mwkrivTan.139

mniSvnelovania, rom -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi kiTxviTiintonaciis Semcvel winadadebebSi kavSirebiTi kilos gagebas iZlevayvelanairi agebulebis winadadebaSi (da ara mxolod damokidebulSi).3.2.6. -mca nawilakian sintaqsur konstruqciebSi natvriTi kilosgagebaa nuTu, netar sityvis, Semcvel winadadebebSi, magaliTad:kvla nuTumca Semoviqce RmerTman srulad ar damkarga (iqnebdavbrunde) (vefx., 168,d).vTqvi: “nuTumca ukumrida (iqneb gameridos) (vefx., 276,d).kvla nuTumca srulad damwva cecxlTa cxelTa anagziTa (iqneb suldamwvas) (vefx., 310,d).aw nuTumca siSorisa RmerTman bneli gamiTena, /piri Tqveni mxiarulimxiarulsa kvla miCvena (iqneb gamiTenos... miCvenos)! (vefx., 150,g,d).cxadad naxvasa ar Rirs var, netarmca sizmrad gnaxeo (netav sizmradgnaxo)! (vefx., 731,d).ityvis: netar, mijnuroba ar damaCndes, da-mca-vfare (netav davfaro)!(vefx., 734,b).Sevbraldebi adrindelsa mtersa da nuTumca Senca Segewyale (iqnebSenc Segewyalo) (visr., 174,32).nuTumca Cemica vardi gamoCnda (iqneb Cemi vardi gamoCndes) (visr.,184,25).nuTumca magari guli misi CemTuis mo-re-lba da Cemisa mijnurobisacecxlsa zeda mo-re-tfa (iqneb misi guli molbes da...motfes) (visr.,153,30).“visramianSi” dasturdeba natvriTi intonaciis Semcveli -mcanawilakiani konstruqciebi netav sityvis gareSe, magaliTad:aha iqmnebodamca da igica Cemebr gamijnurdeboda (netav moxdebodes daisic Cemebr gamijnurdebodes) (visr., 153,31).aha iqmnebodamca da mwe vin Semeqmneboda madlisa mZebneli, da weriladCemi saqme vissa gaagona da salami Cemi mas moaxsena (netav moxdebodes...mwe Semeqmnebodes... gaagonebdes moaxsenebdes) (visr., 153,27).140

aha iqmnebodamca da erTxel Cemi kunesa esma da wamsa SemomkrnaTualni Semomxednamca (netav moxdebodes ... moesmebodes ... Semomkravdes ...Semomxedavdes) (visr., 153.26).aha iqmnebodamca da sizmrad veCuene da kalTa Cemi, Cemisa sisxlisaganSeRebuli, naxa (netav moxdebodes sizmrad veCueno,... Cemi sisxliTSeRebili kalTa naxos) (visr., 153,29).zemoT warmodgenil oTxive winadadebaSi netav sityva igulisxmeba,Tavad -mca nawilaki erTvis mxolod pirvel zmna-Semasmenels, magram misizemoqmedebis Sedegad momdevno zmnebSic natvriTi kilos gagebaa (-mca-sZala 13 zmna-Semasmenelzea gavrcelebuli).nuTu, netav sityvebTan -mca nawilaki kavSirebiTi kilos gagebiT“vefxistyaosanSi” dadasturda 7-jer, yvela wyvetilis mwkrivTan;“amirandarejanianSi” ara gvaqvs; “visramianSi” aris 6-jer, eqvsivewyvetilis mwkrivTan.mniSvnelovania, rom amgvar winadadebebSi -mca nawilaki erTvis TavadnuTu sityvas, riTac xazi esmeba am sityvis mniSvnelobas kilosgagebisaTvis.3.2.7. mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi gamoiyeneba I, II da III pirisbrZanebiTebis sawarmoeblad mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi,magaliTad:I piris brZanebiTi mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi:Sen Tu uSmago mgonixar, varmca uria me levi (me viyo uria levi)!(vefx., 826,g).Tu dagiviwyo, uTuod memca var ganakidia (me viyo ganmartoebuli)!(vefx., 442,d).mas darazmulTa mivhmarTeT, axlosmca vnaxeT bareo (barem axlosvnaxoTo)! (vefx., 1235,b).aramca mogkles Ralatad aramca vivaglaxeniT (ar vivaglaxoT)! (vefx.,430,d).141

uSenosa numca vnaxavT nu patronsa, nu ufalsa (nu gvenaxos)! (vefx.,658,a).Tu vera gnaxe cocxalman, yofamca mqonda Jamisad (sicocxle droisSesaferisi mqondes)! (vefx., 809,d).Tu sicocxle mware mqonda, sikvdilimca mqonda tkbili (sikvdilimqondes tkbili) (vefx., 1314,d).asremca minaxavs aqa mosrulisa kacisa Tavio (ase menaxos) (amir., 96,26).agremca dRemokle var da RmrTisagan abezar-qmnili, odesca Seni ficigavtexoo (dRemokle viyo) (visr., 176,20).I piris brZanebiTis funqciiT -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi“vefxistyaosanSi” gvxvdeba 7-jer: 2-jer _ wyvetilTan, 2-jer _ awmyosTan,erTxel _ uwyvetelTan, erTxel _ myofadTan; `amirandarejanianSi”dasturdeba erTxel I rezultativTan; `visramianSic” _ erTxel awmyosmwkrivTan.II piris brZanebiTi (survilis, dalocvis, wyevlis formebi)xarmca brZnad mqmneli saqmisa, iyav wynari da cnobili (iyav saqmisbrZnad warmmarTveli) (vefx., 49,d).SesTvala: mefe ukadri xarmca morWmiT da didobiT (iyav gamarjvebiT)!(vefx., 685,a).aw dadeg, iqi nu moxval, iqmmca uCemod xalvasa (uCemod darCi marto),(vefx., 1520,b).agremca mivi, razomsa me cremlsa davidinebi (ise myavde, ise meyole)!(vefx., 1580,d).Tu raca mkiTxo, Zalimca gigmia arsTa mxedisa (RvTis Zalis mgmobeliiyo)! (vefx., 1150,d).ar movbrunde, Tqvenmca hsufevT, mteri Tqveni daZabundes (TqvensufevdeT, gamarjvebiT iyaviT)! (vefx., 817,d).ase ra hnaxoT brZaneba, aqamca moiarebiT (aqeT wamodiT) (vefx., 394,b).Zmao kurTxeulmca xar, romel ima diacisagan guixseno (kurTxeuliyavi) (amir., 94,36).da Tquenmca nebasa zeda sufevT ukunisamde amin (sufevdeT) (amir.20,19).142

wyeulmca xar (iyav) (amir., 42,7).asremca lurji da Tav-Camogdebuli xar, Tu Cemi fici gastexo (iyavi)(visr., 159,47).RmerTman bevr wel-gyos, RmrTisagan da bedisaganmca mxiarulni xarTo(iyaviT) (visr., 147,35).erTgan -mca nawilaki ara gvaqvs, magram, rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba:asre lurji da Tav-Camogdebuli xar da dRemokle, Tu Cemi ficigastexo da mecruoca (unda iyos asremca an xarmca) (visr., 176,19).-mca nawilakiani II piris brZanebiTis 7 magaliTia “vefxistyaosanSi”:amaTgan eqvsi _ awmyos mwkrivis zmnasTan, erTi _ I rezultativTan;“amirandarejanianSi” -mca nawilakiani II brZanebiTi 4-jer gvxvdeba,oTxive awmyos mwkrivTan; “visramianSi” sami magaliTi moiZebna, samiveawmyos mwkrivis zmnasTan.III piris brZanebiTi (survilis dalocvis niuansiT)erTgulTaTvis kargi nu gSurs, orgulimca Seni kvdebis (Seni orgulimokvdes)! (vefx., 788,b).vityvi, movkvde, ara mgama, Cemi mzemca Tqven mogxvdebis (Cemi dReebiTqven dagematoT)! (vefx., 757,d).va, krulia dRemca igi, me miveci amirbarsa (kruli iyos)! (vefx., 323,g).vTqvi: “krulia zenaari yovlisamca mamacisa”(kruli iyos) (vefx., 1225,d).Tu xorcieli arisca, Tvalnimca mrisxven RmrTisani (RmerTmaSemrisxos)! (vefx., 1164,d)kurTxeulmca ars marjuena sefedavle darispanis-Zisao (kurTxeuliiyos) (amir., 69,45).kurTxeulmca ars igi, romelsa Seuqmnixar (kurTxeuli iyos)(amir., 85,4).dausrulebelmca ars dideba mefobisa Tquenisa ukunisamde(dausrulebeli iyos) (amir., 44,15).wyeulimc ars marjuena Cemi da Wabukoba Cemio (wyeuli iyos) (amir.,108,28).raa eseTi bedi Cemi?! da-mca-ikargvis, romel zogjer taxtsa zedadamsuams da zogjer nacarTa (daikargos) (visr., 167,19).143

miwyiTmca maTsa queyanasa pur-Ziroba da setyuaa (mudam setyva iyos)(visr., 147,36).suianmca ars ese qorwili (iRbliani iyos) (visr., 147,4).yuiTelmca aris, vis gamougzavnixaro (... iyos visac gamougzavnixar)(visr., 146.47).kurTxeulmcaa ukunisamde guari Seni (kurTxeuli iyos) (visr., 159,24).III piris -mca nawilakiani brZanebiTi (brZanebiTs vuwodebT, Torem amformebSi survilisa da dalocvis niuansebia gamoxatuli)“vefxistyaosanSi” dadasturda 20-jer: 14-jer _awmyos mwkrivTan, 2-jer_uwyvetelTan, 2-jer _ myofadis mwkrivTan, erTxel _ wyvetilTan,erTxel _ II rezultativTan; “amirandarejanianSi” -mca nawilakiani IIIbrZanebiTis 15 magaliTia, yvela awmyos mwkrivTan; “visramianSi” 5magaliTSia, xuTive SemTxvevaSi -mca nawilaki awmyos mwkrivis zmnasukavSirdeba.mniSvnelovania, rom 1. -mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebibrZanebiTi kilis gagebiT gvxvdeba yvela saxis winadadebaSi, gardadamokidebuli winadadebisa; 2. -mca nawilakTan dakavSirebuli zmna-Semasmeneli ZiriTadad awmyoSia; 3. -mca nawilaki kavSiris garda yvelasityvas SeiZleba daerTos.3.2.8. -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia Semasmenels momavali droispirobiTi kilos Sinaarss aniWebs, magaliTad:mze dabrunda, ar vicodi, mzesa ramca daabrunvebs (mzes Tu ramedaabrunebda, ar vicodi) (vefx., 753,a).gamikvirda, sxvad viTamca vqmen gulisa mwveli siTxe (sxvanairadrogor SevaTxelebdi mwvel als) (vefx., 365,g).raca gveTqva, SevinaneT, sxvamca raRa SeviwameT (sxvas raRas vityodiT)!(vefx., 1169,b).mze veSapsa daebnela, zeda raTmca gagviTenda (rogorRa gagviTendeboda)!(vefx., 1167,d).144

me, glax, ra var? miwa cudi, TaviT CemiT ramca vqmeni (ras vizamdi)?(vef. 1060,b).wave, mona wavitane, ramca vuTxar amisTana (ras vetyodi)! (vefx., 398,d).ra movida mociquli, kvlamca radRa gamogzavnes (raRad gamogzavnidnen)!(vefx., 450,a).odesmca naxe, amas ityodi (roca naxavdi) (amir., 77,20).aramca ipoeboda iamanTa samefosa Sigan cxeni, romelmca mas rgeboda(romelic mas moergeboda) (amir., 21,25).misgan ars yuelai, Tuara viTamca ikadres iamanTa TurqeTsa moslva(rogor ikadrebdnen iamanelebi TurqeTSi moslvas)? (amir., 23,17).raiTamca hguanda mowifebulsa ymasa visis beri ZiZa (riT daemsgavseboda)?(visr., 162,26).“vefxistyaosanSi” aseTi forma 33 gvaqvs: 24 _ wyvetilis mwkriviszmnasTan, 4 _ uwyvetlis mwkrivTan, erTi _ awmyosTan; “amirandarejanian-Si” -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi pirobiTi momavali drois gagebiT 5-jer gvxvdeba: 4-jer _ wyvetilis mwkrivTan, erTxel _ uwyvetelTan;“visramianSi” erTi magaliTia uwyvetlis mwkrivTan.3.2.9. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi namyo winare warsulis(rezultativis) gagebas iZleva, magaliTad:queyana ucxod auCndaT, ara uwyodes, sadamca wavides (ar icodnen, sadwasuliyvnen) (amir., 3,12).esreTsa qmarsa veZebdi SenTuis, romelmca aravin iyo damarTebiTi misi(rom aravin yofiliyo misi dammarcxebeli) (amir., 12,30).aravin icoda, ramca vin uTxra (vis ra eTqva) (amir., 4,14).gavficxdiT esre, romel viTamca axla dauwyo omi (TiTqos axladagvewyo omi) (amir., 43.8).II rezultativis gagebiT -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi ZiriTadadpirobiT-SedegobiT winadadebebSi dasturdeba, magram ara mxolod.Zvel qarTulSi pirobiT-SedegobiT winadadebebSi -mca nawilakiaucileblad erTvoda rogorc mTavar winadadebas (aniWebda I145

xolmeobiTis mniSvnelobas), ise _ damokidebuls (II rezultativisgagebiT). amasTan damokidebulSi -mca aucileblad kavSirze iyodarTuli. “vefxistyaosanSi” aseTi daqvemdebareba mxolod orwinadadebaSia SenarCunebuli, “visramianSi” _ erTSi, magaliTad:vTqvi: ar icis aSikoba, Tumc icoda, wynarad zismca (rom scodnoda,wynarad ijdeboda)! (vefx., 378,d).kvla ubrZana: Tumca misgan ara iyav mogzavnili, Tavman Cemman, TavsamogkveT, arad unda amas cili (misgan rom ar yofiliyavi mogzavnili,Tavs mogkveTdi _ mTavar nawilSi mca gamotovebulia) (vefx., 765,ab).Tumca raminis naxvisa mizezi ar iyo, awmca Sen Cemi saxeligardasrulTa Tana gesmis (raminis naxvis mizezi rom ar yofiliyo, Cemssaxels micvalebulebSi gaigebdi) (visr., 161,26).danarCen SemTxvevebSi -mca nawilakdarTul damokidebulSi IIrezultativi igulisxmeba, xolo mTavarSi ZiriTadad ukveCamoyalibebuli I xolmeobis mwkrivia, magaliTad:mosTqvams: Tumca mze gveaxla, Cven zamTari ver dagvzvrida (mze romCvenTan yofiliyo) (vefx., 1029,d).Tumca kaci iyav, saukunosa sagzalsamca iurvodi siberesa, ara yrmasacolsa (kaci rom yofiliyav, saukuno sagzalze izrunebdi) (visr., 147,15).me Tumca raca mindoda saWurWle dasadebeli, Cemsaca mqonda uricxvi(me rom mdomoda, ... mqonda) (vefx., 1065,ab).gebrZanamca saxliT TqueniT, cremlni armca maSin mdindes (rom gebr-ZanaT ... arc maSin damedineboda cremlebi, _ damokidebulSi -mca IIrezultativs erTvis, samagierod, wyvetilTan kavSiriT I xolmeobiTisgagebas iZleva) (vefx., 1533,g).sainteresoa is faqti, rom “amirandarejanianSi” pirobiT damokidebuliwinadadebis Semcvel qvewyobil winadadebebSi -mca nawilakis nacvladgvxvdeba -ca, Tumca es nawilaki ver axdens winadadebaze sintaqsurzegavlenas: masTan dakavSirebuli Semasmenlis mwkrivi II rezultativiTaris gadmocemuli damokidebulSi, xolo mTavarSi I xolmeobiTismwkrivi gvaqvs nawilakis gareSe. es movlena SemTxveviTi ara gvgonia,amitom amis Sesaxeb saubars ufro vrclad qvemoT davubrundebiT.146

mniSvnelovania, rom 1. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi II TurmeobiTisfardad dasturdeba rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebulnawilSi; 2. -mca nawilakTan dakavSirebuli zmna-Semasmeneli ZiriTadadaoristSia .3.2.10. -mca nawilaks funqcia ar aqvs winadadebaSiamave ZeglebSi gvxvdeba iseTi konteqstebi, roca -mca nawilakidarTuli aqvs romelime sityvas, magram zmna-Semasmenlis mwkrivsa da,Sesabamisad, kilosac mniSvneloba ar ecvleba. SedarebiT mcirea aseTiSemTxvevebi “vefxistyaosanSi”, gansxvavebiT “amirandarejanianisa” da“visramianisagan”, magaliTad:a) -mca gvxvdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivis zmnebTan da gamoxatavskavSirebiT kilos damokidebul winadadebaSi:munamdis gavsZlo sulTa dgma, guli razomca mtkiodes (gavZleb,rogorc ar unda mtkiodes guli) (vefx., 1097,g).sadaca miva, mivhyvebi, razomc mohvlodes zRudeni (rac unda zRudeebihqondes Semortymuli) (vefx., 223,g).sjobs sayvarelsa moyvare razomca dauZabundes (satrfos moyvarulisjobs, gaugulCvildes) (vefx., 843,d).cotad egreca dauvsebs, cecxli razomca sdebodes (ragind cecxliekidos) (vefx., 933,g).Cemad naxvad movidodes, Sen viTamca gaSikobdes (viTomc Sen gear-Siyebodes) (vefx., 389,g).amas miT iqmen, romelmca Cueni laSqari dalios da maTi ara dailevis(albaT unda oyos dailios) (amir., 101,39).aw mrTelsa aRara gagiSuebTo, romelmca waxuide Sina, wamouZRue darema Cueni wamoasxmevino (rom waxvide ... da ...wamoasxmevino rema) (amir.,82,29).gamovicado Tavi Cemio, nuTumca kargi viyo da usaxelod ar movkudeo(nuTumcas mniSvnelobaa iqneb) (amir., 79,40)mnebavs, raTamca mTeli SevipyraTo (rom cocxali SevipyroT) (amir., 3,1).147

aw movides saxlsa Cemsa deda mzisa Wabukisa da didebulnimisni...amisTuis, romelmca vsZebnneT sisxlni misni (rom sisxli vsZebnoTmisi) (amir., 100,29).Zalsa Wabukobisasa veZeb, romelmca vis Seveba (rom vinmes Seveba)(amir., 63,33).razomca Zneli da saWiro saqme iyos, ra RmerTi da bedi Seswevs kacsa,yuela mouadvildebis (rac unda Zneli saqme iyos...) (visr., 186,8).mware xe mwaresave nayofs gamoiRebs, razomca Cuen SaqriTa vrwyuideT(rac unda SaqriT vrwyavdeT) (visr., 78,40).Raribi razomca gaxelmwifdes, egreca daiRrejs, ra mecnieri veravinnaxos (rac unda gaxelmwifdes) (visr., 178,6).ra mgama razomca ra avi movismino (rac unda cudi movismino) (visr.,165,22).razomca didad sZebno, ver hpoveb Tu adgilsa missa ar mixuide (racunda eZebo) (visr., 151,10).b) -mca nawilaki kavSirebiTis mwkrivTan iZleva momavali droisgagebas (kavSirebiTis mwkrivis erT-erTi funqciaa momavali droisgamoxatva, ase rom, am SemTxvevaSic -mcas funqcia ara aqvs), magaliTad:saxli romel ubeduri iyos, razomca adre aoxrdes, ese sjobs (racadre aoxrdeba) (visr., 165,23).g) -mca nawilaki kavSirebiTis mwkrivTan gamoxatavs kavSirebiT kilosnatvriT modalobaSi (es funqciac kavSirebiTis mwkrivisaTvisdamaxasiaTebelia, e.i. TandaTan -mca-s mniSvnelobis neitralizaciaxdeba), magaliTad:agre, RmerTo, qmen, netamca miwyiT saRmrTosa da sasjulosa saqmesaiqmodeo (visr., 186,1).-mca nawilakiani kavSirebiTis mwkrivi sxvadasxva funqciiT“vefxistyaosanSi” 6-jer dadasturda; “amirandarejanianSi” _ 9-jer;“visramianSi” _ 17-jer.d) -mca ukavSirdeba zmnis axleburi momavlis formas da amdenad misierT-erTi funqcia _ awarmoos momavali dro _ dakargulia (aseTSemTxvevaSic -mcas darTva, ra Tqma unda, formaluria):148

nurca didisa da nurca mciredisagan numca ixsenebis ambri arabTanaambavi indosa Wabukisa (amir., 27,7).kacisagan mun wasvla ara egebis da numca vin giqadebs moyvanebasamaTsa (amir., 36,12).mterimca Cemi egre Semova, viTa es Semo-Ra-vides (amir., 102,13).numca daesrulebis sufeva mefobisa Tquenisa_ukunisamde, amin (amir.,103,38).amis metsa numca vnaxav kvlaRa wignsa Senmiersa! (vefx., 407,d).mterTa CemTa enapire, Zali numca mogakldebis (vefx., 788,a).Se-mca-ebralebi Sensa dambadebelsa, miT romel didad Znelad arisSeni saqmeo (visr., 153,42).-mca momavlis axlebur formebTan “vefxistyaosanSi” orjerdadasturda; “amirandarejanianSi” _ oTxjer; “visramianSi” _ erTxel.e) -mca nawilaki ukavSirdeba II rezultativs da ar cvlis mwkrivisgagebas. es faqtic am nawilakis sintaqsuri Zalis moSlaze miuTiTebs,magaliTad:msgavsi Tqueni ramca meZRvna, Sveniero sanaxvelo (vefx., 1450,g).netamc yola ar Semogmcnebodi (vefx., 1579,a).Tumca isi ar mogekla ... Semasmenda javriani (vefx., 1218,b).eZebda amir-mumli kacsa egeTsa, romelmca eswavla sacole SvilTamisTaTuis da vera pova (amir., 35,6).egzom gaexarnes, viTamca yoveli queyana miscemoda (amir., 13,21).ar vicodiT, Tu siTmca wasulviyveniT (amir., 36.48).Seuteva gulmwyralad, romelmca moekla (amir., 42,9).egzom didi ara iyo, viTa pirveli, romelmca CaenTqa (amir., 57,42).Tumca guli Cemi ar misTus damedva, aqamdinca Tavi ar micocxlebia(visr., 161,28).Zilis pir iqmna da arave daeZina, viTamca sagebeli misi queSe ekali dabirki yofiliyo (visr., 181.46).eseTi kaci vera vnaxe, romelsamca Cemi saqme eqo (visr., 170,22).netamca samsala Semesua da Ruino ara (visr., 163,25).149

vissa viTamca yovelTa ÃelmwifeTagan ufrosi swoloda guerca, damas, viTamca mze da mTuare (visr., 160,5).“amirandarejaniansa” da “visrmianSi” -mca nawilakiani II rezultativisformebi xSiria gansaxvavebiT “vefxistyaosnisagan”: “vefxistyaosanSi” -mcaII rezultativis mwkrivTan sul 4-jer dadasturda; “amirandarejanianSi”_ 21-jer; “visramianSi” _ 12-jer.v) -mca nawilaki darTuli aqvs raime sityvas, magram zmna-Semasmenlismwkrivsa da Sesabamisad, kilosac mniSvneloba ar ecvleba, amgvarwinadadebebSi am nawilakis sintaqsuri zemoqmedebis kvalic aRar Cans,magaliTad:mWvretni misni gaakvirvna, rasamca vin iazrebda (vin ras iazrebda)!(vefx., 1191,d).Wirni, misgan unaxavni, dia, vismca garduxdian (vis gadaxdenia)?! (vefx.,754,d).oden tkbilad Semomxednis, viTamca ra Sinaursa (rogorc SinaursSemomxedavda xolme) (vefx., 401,b).Sen viTamca gwadian, igica qmeno (rogorc ginda) (amir., 86.14).gamovida da vTquiTmca Tu (gamovida da vTqviT) (amir., 29,8).raJamca daswydis laSqari mis mefisa, Seiqcis abutar (roca gawydebodaxolme laSqari) (amir., 30,14).razomca jabani var,Sebmasa, dakodasa da Camogdebasa aRara Rirs varo(radgan susti var)? (amir., 79,44).z) ganaRamca, Tumca kavSirebSi Tavs iCens -mca kompleqsi, romelic -mcanawilakis funqciis mqone araa, magaliTad:ra tariel dainaxa, ganaRamca daeRrija (diaRac daRonda) (vefx., 877,a).ganaRamca gavnadirdi, Tavi asre gavixade (diaRac gavnadirdi) (vefx.,283,d).xmda ganaRamca saqmnelad raca Tqven gulsa glmobia (saWiro iyodiaRac, gasakeTebeli iyo) (vefx., 39,g).gulisa wadilman cnobisa Zali ganaRamca miuRo (survilma gonebawaarTva) (visr., 179,16).150

odesca mibrZanoT, ganaRamca sirbiliT movidode (sirbiliT moval)(visr., 164,44).da ama zneTa Tana ganaRamca mZebneli iyo ucxoTa ambavTa da SairTa(diaRac mZebneli iyo ucxo ambebis) (visr., 141,1).moabad ganaRamca Seatyua (moabadma diaRac SeamCnia) (visr., 162,28).Tumca gamwiravi da uxano xar, ra Cemni Wirni naxne, gewyinebis dadagimZimdebis (Tumca gamwiravi xar, Cems Wirs rom naxav, gewyineba) (visr.,174,25).ganaRamca mokla igi raziman devi (marTlac mokla raziman devi) (amir.,69,44).Cuen ganaRamca SeuteveT da misvlasave CamovyareniT (diaRac SevutieT),(amir., 80,5).raca miTxra, ganaRamca vqnao (diaRac gavakeTeb) (amir., 69,29).“ganaRamcas” mniSvnelobaa konteqstSi diaRac, marTlac.sul “vefxistyaosanSi” -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis 261 magaliTiadadasturebuli, romelTagan mxolod 31 SemTxvevaSia -mcaaradaniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebuli;“amirandarejanianSi” -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi Segvxvda 118-jer,maTgan 55 magaliTSi -mca nawilakis sintaqsuri Zala SenarCunebulia, 63SemTxvevaSi -mca nawilaks funqcia ara aqvs;“visramianSi” -mca nawilaki gvevlineba 89 magaliTSi: 51 SemTxvevaSifunqcia sintaqsuri Zalis zemoqmedebisa am nawilaks gaaCnia, 38-jer kiigi funqciis gareSe ixmareba.rogorc davinaxeT, -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis gamoyenebisSemTxvevebi “vefxistyaosanSi”, “amirandarejaniansa” da “visramianSi” metiTu ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, naklebi sixSiriT ar dasturdeba ZvelqarTul teqstebTan SedarebiT. TvalsaCinoa isic, rom “vefxistyaosanSi”am nawilakis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva funqciiT matulobs imdenad,ramdenadac izrdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebi saSuali periodisqarTulSi. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs a)Camoyalibebuli undaobiTis formebi;b)kiTxviTi intonaciis mqone winadadebebi kavSirebiTi kilos gagebiT(Zvel qarTulSi gvxvdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi kavSirebiTi kilos151

gagebiT kiTxviT winadadebebSi, magram ar dadasturebula -mcanawilakiani konstruqciebi msgavs winadadebebSi amave funqciiT);g)kavSirebiTi kilos gamovlena nuTu, netav, egeb, vaiTu, lamis ...sityvebTan da -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi mxolobiTi ricxvis Ipiris brZanebiTis funqciiT. es faqti imis maniSnebelia, rom SoTarusTavelisTvis kargadaa cnobili -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebisa dakavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebis fardi mniSvnelobebis Sesaxeb da, asevTqvaT, poeziis gasamSveniereblad, sakuTari, gansakuTrebuli stilisSesaqmnelad uxvad da amasTan, sworad iyenebs maT. swored rusTavelisgavleniT unda aixsnas “visramiansa” da “amirandarejanianSi” -mcanawilakiani konstruqciebis momravleba, Tumca, rogorc davinaxeT, -mcanawilakis formaluri gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi am ZeglebSi gacilebiTmetia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis xmarebaerTgvari “modaa” saSuali periodis saraindo-samijnuro prozaSi.3.3.-ca nawilaki -mcas funqciiT“amirandarejaniansa” da “visramianSi” erTi saintereso movlena iCensTavs: -ca nawilaki -mcas funqciiT gvevlineba. imis gamo, rom oriveteqsti sakmaod xarvezulia, es faqtic SeiZleboda gadamweris SecdomadCagveTvala, magram, vfiqrobT, amis saSualebas ar mogvcems konkretuliSemTxvevebis sixSire. moviyvanT Sesabamis magaliTebs da mere SevecdebiT,axsna movuZebnoT maT:a) -ca nawilaki erTvis damokidebuli winadadebis kavSirs da TxrobiTikilos zmna-Semasmenels kavSirebiTi kilos gagebas aniWebs, magaliTad:ara vargia CemTuis da misTuis, Tuca ara iyvnes cxeni mravlad (rom ariyvnen cxenebi mravlad) (amir., 27,3).veRara viqm amas, Tuca uqmrod davarCine asuli Cemi (rom uqmroddavtovo Cemi asuli) (amir., 52,26).ara egebis, Tuca pirvel ukeTessa saxlsa Semoguiyvanebdes (rompirvelze ukeTess saxlSi Semogviyvandnen) (amir., 54,31).152

ese ara egebis, Tuca ara gnaxa mefobaman Cemman (rom ar gnaxo) (amir.,6,25).Tuca dia mali aris, yole ar Sevjdebio (Zalian swrafic rom iyos)(amir., 10,17).aw Tuca aTasica gyavs, vire ar SevebmiT, Tuca Sen SemrTvide, me arcaegre SevirTav (aTasic rom gyavdes, Sen rom SemrTo me ar SevirTav)(amir., 11,35).Tu ukunisamdica Seagueb da msaxureb, igive zahriani guelia(ukunisamdec rom emsaxuro) (visr., 178,39).moyvanil magaliTebSi Tu-s mniSvnelibaa rom, -ca nawilakis darTviTki damokidebul winadadebaSi kavSirebiTi kilos gagebas viRebT, zmnispiriani forma wyvetilSia ZiriTadad, anu -ca nawilaki zustad iseveiqceva, rogorc -mca. aseTi Svidi magaliTia “amirandarejanianSi”.b) “visramianSi” moiZebna winadadebebi, romlebSic -ca nawilaki erTvisTxrobiTi kilos zmnas da konstruqcia momaval droSi gadahyavs,magaliTad:netarZi vinca ar axlavs maT (netav vinc maTTan ar iqneba)!visr., 148,47.netarZi mas, visca aseTi qmari mihxuda (netav mas, visac aseTi qmariSexvdeba) (visr., 157,14).am magaliTebSi -ca mimarTebiTi Sinaarsisaa, magram zmna-Semasmenelimomaval droSi gadahyavs.g) dasturdeba magaliTebi -ca nawilakiani wyvetilis mwkrivisa IIrezultativis gagebiT, magaliTad:Tuca gulovani iyav, mravalimca omi gardagixdiao (guladi romyofiliyav, mraval oms gadaixdidio _ wesiT unda iyos ase: Tumcagulovani iyav) (amir., 79,42).Tuca moxarul iyo yoveli queyana Cuenda Suelad, maSinca me esemerCivna (mTeli qveyana rom moxaruli yofiliyo Cven saSvelad, maSinacase merCia) (amir., 31,40).Tuca Rirs viyav xilvasa Tquensa, viTamca RmerTi mixilavs (Rirsi romgavmxdariyavi Tqveni xilvis, viTomc RmerTi mexilos) (amir., 6,17).153

ganxilul magaliTebSi kargad Cans, rom -ca nawilaki -mca nawilakisfardi funqciis matarebelia.d) paralelurad gvxvdeba -ca nawilaki kavSirebiTis mwkrivebTan:Tuca RmrTisagan ar meSinodes, Tavsa mogkueT (amir., 8,6).Tuca ukeTessa viqmodeT, maSinca yuelasa ese sjobs, romel Tuca yoleara wavidodiT (amir., 54,19).Tuca didisa xelmwifisagan gamogzavnilni ar iyvneT, ... TavsadagWridiT (amir., 5,38).e) gansakuTrebiT xSiria -ca nawilaki II rezultativis mwkrivTan:moekida kalTasa, Tuca ara gaeSua (amir., 57,19).Tuca genaxa patroni Cemi, raRamca ebrZana mefobasa Tquensa (amir., 6,39).vlamodiT, Tuca gamosuliyo igi baybay devi da Seguepyra (amir., 19,27).merCivna ese RmerTo, Tuca mejobna (amir., 91,3).Tuca genaxa, sazarod kma iyo (amir., 92,19).v) sainteresod gveCveneba is faqti, rom “amirandarejanianSi”pirobiTdamokidebuli winadadebis Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebebisgamoxatva mTlianad -ca nawilakian konstruqciebs aqvT davalebuli, imgansxvavebiT, rom -ca sintaqsur zegavlenas ver axdens winadadebaze:damokidebulSi piroba II rezultativiT aris gadmocemuli, xolomTavarSi Sedegi _ xolmeobiTis mwkriviT, magaliTad:maSinca genaxa mzeWabuki, RmerTo, mogewoneboda (amir., 93,5).Tuca genaxa, mogewoneboda (amir. 9,30. 15,30).Tuca ar mosruliyo karsa zeda Cemsa da muniT-mca ebrZana, amasviqmodi (am magaliTSi kargad Cans, rom -mca da –ca identurebiafunqciiT) (amir., 24,44).Tuca xeli migueyo, daviwuebodiTo (amir., 95,25).Tuca winasa igi frinvelni dagexocnes, mSuidobiT darCebodiTo (amir.,95,16).Tuca Sen ara geTqua, me ara vityodi (amir., 77,6).odesca erTad genaxnes, amas ityodi (amir., 49,9).Tuca ara mosuliyveniT aqa da saxliT TqueniT geTxovnes, ... mogcemdiasulTa CemTa colad (amir., 41,6).154

Tuca genaxnes, amas brZanebdi (amir., 90,11).Tuca igi ar gxleboda Wiris maqarveblad, dilad Ramemdi mun yofnasaver gasZlebdio (visr., 161,44).Tuca ege sityua gulsa Sigan daeswavla ... egreca SesWirdeboda (visr.,167,27).pirobiT-SedegobiT winadadebebSi -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebisnacvlad -ca-s gamoyeneba normad aris gatarebuli “amirandarejanianSi”,Tumca, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, -ca ver axdens konstruqciaze sintaqsurzegavlenas: masTan dakavSirebuli zmna-Semasmeneli II rezultativismwkriviT aris gadmocemuli, xolo mTavr winadadebaSi Camoyalibebuli IxolmeobiTis mwkrivia, yovelgvari nawilakis gareSe.“amirandarejanianSi” -ca nawilaki II rezultativTan (-mca-s nacvlad)gvaqvs 23-jer, amaTgan 15-jer pirobiT-SedegobiT winadadebaSi. “visramianSi”sul ori magaliTia.maSasadame, -ca nawilaki rig SemTxvevebSi dasturdeba -mca-s SesabamisifunqciebiT: erTvis TxrobiTi kilos romelime mwkrivs da zmna-Semasmenels a) momavali drois mniSvnelobas aniWebs; b) kavSirebiTiskilos gagebas aZlevs; g) namyo winare warsulad moaqcevs; rigSemTxvevebSi ki erTvis II rezultativis mwkrivs iseT konstruqciebSi,romlebSic Zvel qarTulSi -mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos mwkriviSegvxvdeboda imave namyo winare warsulis gagebiT.ra unda iyos imis mizezi, rom -ca nawilaki garkveul SemTxvevebSi -mca-s nacvlad gvevlineba winadadebebSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemamigviyvans -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis wesis Seryevis erT-erTgamomwvev mizezTan:zemoT gamovTqviT varaudi imis Taobaze, rom -mca nawilakis m bgeraunda iyos iseTi sityvis naSTi, romlis saSualebiTac -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebi momavali drois naklebobas avseben winadadebaSi,aRvniSneT aseve, rom -mca nawilakiani konstuqciebiT pirobiTimodalobebisa da II rezultativis gamoxatvis funqciebi SedarebiT ufrogviani movlena unda iyos Zvel qarTulSi, roca hipotaqsuri konstruqciaukve myaradaa Camoyalibebuli da maSasadame, roca m (

kavSiri ganusazRvrel SinaarsTan da, Sesabamisad, momaval drosTan aRarmoiazreba, rasac Sedegad unda mohyoloda am nawilakis funqciebismoSla: erTis mxriv, maTi gamoyeneba kavSirebiTis mwkrivebTan, axleburimomavlis formebTan da gansakuTrebiT xSirad ki II rezultativTan,xolo, meore mxriv, -mca-s nacvlad -ca nawilakis gamoyeneba pirobiTimodalobebis mqone damokidebul winadadebebSi (momavlis mniSvneloba amformebSi isedac ar iyo saWiro).-mca nawilakis funqciis moSlis meore mniSvnelovani faqtori arisTxrobiTi kilos myofadis formebis Camoyalibeba, ris Sedegadac -mcanawilakiani konstruqciebiT momavali drois gamoxatvisa da kavSirebiTikilos gamoxatvis aucilebloba Semcirda.mesamea iseTi kavSirebis momravleba, romlebSic -mca kompleqss -mcanawilakis funqcia aRar aqvs. ganxiluli masalidan gamomdinaremxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ganaRamca (mniSvnelobiT diaRac, marTlac) da TumcakavSirebi.Tumca/Tuca paraleluri formebia ganxilul ZeglebSi, maTimniSvnelobaa rom (Tu+mca). am kavSirSi -mca nawilakis funqcia maSinunda moSliliyo, roca man maqvemdebareblis garda, mapirispirebelikavSiris mniSvnelobac SeiZina.H3.4. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi saSuali periodis sxvaZeglebSisaSuali periodis sxva ZeglebSi -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebigacilebiT naklebad gvxvdeba. maTSi -mca nawilaks aRar aqvs sintaqsurizemoqmedebis unari: gvxvdeba zmnis sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebTan da arucvlis dro-kilos mniSvnelobas, ZiriTadad erTvis kavSirebs, ris gamocparalelur formebs viRebT: Tu _ Tumca, ukeTu _ ukeTumca, ukueTu _ukueTumca, raTa _ raTamca, calke Tumca _ TumcaRa da .S., magaliTad:Tumca mijobda Stod Tqmasa, swored saxeli mewoda (gur., 28,5,a).Tumca brma var, mainc vxedav (gur., 35,64,a).156

aRabrunebda bevrs wisqvils, Tumca sdeboda Rarebi (gur., 70,315,d).Tumca sesxi Svils dasjida, rad iRebda mama valsa? (gur., 170,2,g).Tumca var sacolo, Svili rom mayolo, merme raRa vqna? (gur.,191,76,gde).Cemi codvamc miscemia Cems amamTxrels, amambzaravs! (gur., 51,177,d).aseTs codvils numca gnaxav, rom gagirisxdeo (gur., 128,46,a).agremc gagzrdis RmerTi _ naWeri maWame Ãorci! (gur., 204,166,g).netamc CemTvis ZiriT gWrides, CemTvis Sxamo, ras xes esxi (gur., 170,2,b).Sen oTx rigad guli damwvi, aramc me ki ganvaxuTo (gur., 272,g).ise gaxades, SarSanwindelic daaviwyes, aramc Tu wleuli eSovnaT(sibrZ., 280,9).rasac kacs mamis anderZi ar dauswavlia, uaresimc daemarTebao (sibrZ.,300,11).netamc Tormeti aTasi kaci amovides, mefes virica da safqvelicwamirTon da momitanon-meTqi! (sibrZ., 205,23).mas arabs Ture arc RvTis saxeli asmioda, aramc Tu locva scodnoda(sibrZ., 63,21).rasac moZRvars aRsareba samowmod gauxdia, uaresimc daemarTebao(sibrZ., 48,19).Tuca Sen gergeba, Cemi Tavi Seni Wirisamc nacvali iyos (sibrZ., 183,10).didi fici aris da aramc Ãelmwifes fici gautydes (mefeT. sal., 273,35).amisTvis ubrZana, rome aramc sxva utkbosi da ukeTesi wyali naxos daukuwbildeso (mefeT. sal., 249,33).Sen TviTos nabijs TviTos qveynad afaseb, an erTs ragvarad auvalTavsa, aramc Tu srulad syidva SemeZlos (mefeT. sal., 255,6).vinc xelmwifes Sescodos, asremc daemarTebis (mefeT. sal., 258,11).ukueTumca vsce me amas ufrosi saWmeli, amanca ukve ufros amisakvercxi damidvas (esop., 281,38).Tumca ara yofiliyav Sen ukudo, ara Tanagvezraxebodi Cven amisTvis(esop., 286,16).aRuTqva man sasyideli werosa, ukueTumca STauyos Tavi yelsa Sina daaRmouRis Zvali igi (esop., 286,32).157

evedreboda mas dRe yovel Sina, raTamca keTili rame uyos mas (esop.,287,23).arRara eZloT zeaRdgomad, raTamca wareRoT misgan (esop., 283,34).... uxmar tyeTa xmarebaÁ, Tumca ars nebasa zeda patronisasadamokidebul, magra ... aqundes nebaÁ sxuasaca xmarebisa (samarT. dav.,142.11).ukeTu iyosmca TeTrzed nakleb, maSin miiRos TeTrisa nacvlad giraoiTvisi (samarT. dav., 135.17).da misces nebaÁ, raTamca aqundes SeziarebaÁ colTa da SvilTaAwodebisa aznaurebiTisa, da agreTve asulTaca, ukeTu SeeuRlomscaglexTa (unda iyos SeeuRlosmca) (samarT. dav., 151.10).ukeTumca msajulTa hscnan, viTarmed sityvismgebelsa ganuzraxavsfici ganmarTlebisaTvis Tavisa Tvisisa,... maSin qristianisebri sindisigvawvevs, raTamca dauteos saqme igi nebasa zeda yovlisa SemZlebelisasa(samarT. dav., 103.27).-mca nawilakian konstruqciebs ZiriTadad III piris brZanebiTisfunqcia aqvT SenarCunebuli e. w. wyevla-krulvisa da dalocvisformebSi, magaliTad:kurTxeulmca ars RvTisagan petres xelmwifis xseneba (kurTxeuliyos)! (gur., 54,194,a).sadac krul iyvneT mterTagan, mun RmerTimc Tqveni mxsnelia (Tqvenimxsneli iyos)! (gur., 101,533,d).bedniermca ars Ze Seni da kurTxeul (bednieri iyos) (sibrZ., 12,14).dambadebelimca Seni didebul ars, svemca Seni bediTurT amaRlebulars, saxelimca Seni nu dailevis (didebuli iyos ... amaRlebuli iyos)!(sibrZ., 144,14).asemc mama-dedaTa SenTa suli ganisvenebs, viTa me ganmasvene-meTqi(sibrZ., 173,3).amisTana maspinZelimc Tqven dagixvdebaT, rogorc Tqven amas daxvdiT(Tqven dagixvdeT)! (sibrZ., 79,18).dadasturda -mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos magaliTebi kavSirebiTikilos gagebiT:158

agreTve kaci ritori razomc amWervebs enasa, daSvrebis ... ver aqebs(rogorc unda enamWevrobdes) (gur., 46,137,g).razomca aRvlen maRlamde, kvlav isev qve brundebian (rac unda maRlaiaron) (gur., 29,13,g).aramc axlos kacni iyvnes, xma esmaT, wagviyvanon da uaresimc gviyono(axlos ar iyvnen) (sibrZ., 108,11).odesme SeemSia mgelsa erTsa da warvida, raTamca moipova sazrdeli(...rom moipovos sazrdeli an rom moepovebina sazrdeli) (esop., 287,2).uwinamc es Cemi Raribi Tavi mokudebis, sanamdis Sens sikvdilsgunebaSi gavivlebde da Senis sisxlis fass aviRebde (uwinamc mokudes)(mefeT. sal., 269,21).colimc damigdia, Tu Sen mag baRis xili sWamo (colimc damegdos)(mefeT. sal., 273,22).dadasturda aseve -mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos formebi momavalidrois, I xolmeobiTisa da II piris brZanebiTi kilos mniSvnelobiT:numca vin ars urCi Seni (nuravin iqneba) (sibrZ., 142,10).ara Rirs iyav didebasa da numca gaqvs-meTqi (nu geqneba) (sibrZ., 71,2).Tumca SimSiliT ar momymariyo, ramca icis, glaxakTa da uRonoTa Sian,anu sxvaTa vinme saWmeli akls? (ra ecodineba) (sibrZ., 55,23).Tuca egoden xans fexze ara mdgariyo, ramca icoda monaTa, ... Wiri (raecodineba) (sibrZ., 55,15).Tuca erTsa erqva, tyuilimca iyo (tyuili iqneboda) (sibrZ., 30,7).ukeTumca vewvrTen, odes movipare wigni, aramca mosrul viyav me amasadgilsa da arca gamoviyvanebodi sikvdilad (ar movidodi am adgilas sasikvdilod)(esop., 288,33).joro, WeSmaritad meSinoda-mca me Seni, ukueTumca ara mesmina me xmaSeni (namdvilad SemeSindeboda...) (esop., 281,14).ukeTu swaddamca kacsa mas yofaÁ mebatonesa misTa Tana, aramca ganivltaigi misgan (ar gaiqceoda misgan) (samarT. dav., 101.14).Senmc kurTxeul xar (kurTxeul iyavi) (sibrZ., 241,21).gvaqvs magaliTebi polisemiuri mniSvnelobiT:159

miTxra: “SengniT numc msmenia sityva magis meti” (SeiZleba gavigoT:numc msmenia _ nu gavigeb) (gur., 144,5,a).me sixaruliT dagicli, Tumca xelmwifem ineba (Tu ineba _ Tu inebebs)(gur., 99, 513,d).me mas Svilad movikideb, veSvilebi, Tumca undi (Tu vundivar _ Tuvendomebi) (gur., 60,238,b).Tuca Seni viri mas zeda gaataro, ugunurmca ars (ugunuri iyos aniqneba) (sibrZ., 13,15).erTgan -mca gamotovebulia, magram, rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba:Tuca pirveli, damamWnobeli, dauteos da romelman gaasuqa, mas gahyves,orgul ars (unda iyos orgulmca ars _ orguli iyos an iqneba) (sibrZ.,13,20).polisemiuri formebic, ra Tqma unda, am nawilakis sintaqsuri Zalisdakargvaze miuTeTebs.sul “daviTianSi” -mca nawilakiani formebis 48 magaliTi dadasturda,maTgan mxolod 4-jer aqvs -mca-s sintaqsuri zemoqmedebis unariSenarCunebuli;sulxan-sabas igav-arakebSi -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis 38magaliTia, 15 maTganSi sintaqsuri zemoqmedeba am nawilaks SenarCunebuliaqvs;“mefeTa salaroSi” -mca sul 8 winadadebaSi gvxvdeba da mxolodorjer aqvs funcia Zveli qarTuli enobrivi normis mixedviTSenarCunebuli;esopes igavebSi TerTmeti formaa, am nawilakis sintaqsuri Zalamxolod sam magaliTSia gamovlenili;samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa -mca nawilakian konstruqciebs 47SemTxvevaSi gamoavlens (ufro swori iqneba, Tu vityviT -mca nawilakiankavSirebs) da mxolod erTxel iyenebs am nawilaks Zveli qarTulisnormebis Sesabamisad, isic nawilobriv (rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSizmna-Semasmenels xolmeobiTis mwkrivad moaqcevs).160

-mca nawilakiani formebi Tedo Jordanias “qronikebis” mixedviT-mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis ganxilva Tedo Jordanias“qronikebis” mixedviT calke gadavwyviteT, vinaidan es Zegli moicavsdrois sakmaod vrcel monakveTs _ 1213 wlidan 1700 wlamde.irkveva, rom -mca nawilakian konstruqciebs sintaqsuri zemoqmedebisunari rig SemTxvevebSi SenarCunebuli aqvT.a) funqciaTagan yvelaze xSirad TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgamoxatvisa da III piris brZanebiTi kilos gadmocema dadasturda,ZiriTadad wyevla-krulvisa da dalocvis formebSi, magaliTad:-mca nawilakiani konstruqcia gamoxatavs TxrobiTi kilos momavaldros:1103 w. Zeglis-wera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:romlisa qmnaÁ nuRaramca vis ukadrebies (nuRaravin ikadrebs) (qron.,63,23).qali aTormetisa wlisasa umcroÁsi, numca Seyofil ars qorwinebiTmeuRlisada (nu iqneba) (qron., 64,22).krulmca aris suli misi da nestoris da origines Tanamca daisajebissuli misi (dawyevlili iqneba) (qron., 246,26).1460 w. 12 ivnisi, mefe giorgis sigeli Juruls:numca vin aris mSleli da mqceveli Cuengan boZebulisa amissasisxlosa siglisa (nuravin iqneba) (qron., 279,27).1484 w. Cawerili aRapi samebis “sulTa matianasa”:vinca gamoswiros anu mefeman, anu sxuaman mebatoneman, risxavsmca w’ÁsamebaÁ erTarsebaÁ; krulmca ars suli misi, nestor da origenisTanamcadaisjebis (Serisxavs wmida sameba; kruli iqneba misi suli) (qron., 303,8).-mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiT gadmocemulia III piris brZanebiTikilo wyevlisa da dalocvis formebSi:XII s. mefesa daviTs monazoni arseni:yovelnimca mwvalebelni SeCuÀnebul arian: yovelnimca marTlmadidebelnikurTxeul arian: yovelTa marTlmadidebelTaAwelnimca161

mraval arian: yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa, saukunomca ars ÃsenebaÁ ...(qron., 72,6).1296 w. tyavze dawerili gujari:raica Zmisa misisa kerZi mamuli hmarTebodes, ganaRamca ÃelTa hqundamasa vaJasa (hqondes) (qron., 169,12).1227 _ 1230 w. gujari cxireT cxaverisa:da ÃurcTagan gansvlasa missa Sina satanamca axlavs Semwynarebladsulisa misisa sawyalobelisad (satanac axldes) (qron., 99,23).rogorc “qronikebis” masalidan irkveva, -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebis es funqcia SenarCunebulia gviani periodissigelgujrebSic, rac stilis maCvenebeli unda iyos, magaliTad:1506 w. mcxeTis nusxa # :rÁb:da Cemimc mteri daeswreba imaT omsa SebmaSia (Cemi mteri daeswros)(qron., 325,29).1529 w. qk’s :siz:saukunodamca ars xseneba maTi (saukunod iyos maTi xseneba)(qron.,372,37).1609 w. q’s :sJz:mravalmca arian welni cxo’rbisa misisani a’n (mravali iyos)(qron.,438,6).-mca nawilakiani zmna-Semasmeneli II rezultativis mniSvnelobiT:w’is evTime-mTawmidelis werili:ese kula mociqulTa da mowameTaÁ mas wyeulsa ivlianes ganzraxviTganuryvnian, raTamca yoveli nacilad Sehracxes (raTa SeeracxaT) (qron.,84,5).1376 w. etratis mxedrulad naweri gujari SiomRvimisa:mogagona R’n sulisa SenisaTuis umjobesi, raTamca amas S’a salocvelida mSobelTa SenTa saÃsenebeli iyo vidremdis udabno ese egos (raTayofiliyo) (qron., 189,27).162

1554 w. sigeli SergilaZisadmi bagration didisagan:movides winaSe Cuensa Cuenni didaT erTgulni ...SergilaZeni jakva damaTni Svilni ... raTamca dagueajnes ... (raTa eTxovaT) (qron., 397,13).am funqciiT dasturdeba -mca nawilakiani konstruqcia XVII saukunisZeglSic, Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom igi gadawerilia ”moqcevaÁqarTlisaÁsagan”:XVII s.-Si gadawerili varianti wmida ninos cxovrebisa:da eneba, raTamca afxurna igini qveyanisa misgan (raTa aRmoefxvra)(qron., 519,36).da eneba, raTamca aRfxurna igini (qron., 521,13).-mca nawilakTan dakavSirebuli zmna-Semasmeneli kavSirebiTi kilosgagebiT:1446 w. ikorTis tyavis zatikis warwera:aRmZra me siyuarulman samsaxurebelman taZrisa TquÀnisaman, ... raTamcaSevamkeviT taZari Tq’ni ikorTaÁ ... (raTa SevamkoT) (qron., 258,9).1452 w. “avSandaZeTa” gujari:mas ukana dagveajeniT, raTamca Tqveni Zveli sigeli gagiaxleT (romgagiaxloT) (qron., 265,22).1662 w. qk’sa :tn:SemogwireT sofeli Suacxviri, ... raTamca SevamkeT taZari Tqveni daganvadideT (raTa SevamkoT da ganvadidoT) (qron., 480,11).-mca nawilakTan dakavSirebuli zmna-Semasmeneli kavSirebiTi kilosada II rezultativis funqciebiT mxolod warmodgenil magaliTebSiadadasturebuli “qronikebis” masalaSi. yvelaze xSirad TxrobiTi kilosmomavali droisa da III piris brZanebiTi kilos mniSvnelobebiTaagamoyenebuli.III piris brZanebiTis funqciiT Segvxvda –mca nawilakianikonstruqciebi (wyevla-krulvis niuansiT) aseve babilina lominaZis miergamo-cemul sigel-gujrebSi, moviyvanT ramodenime nimuSs:163

1447wlis sigeli:vinca da ramanca guarman kacman, anu diacman, anu mZlavrmanmZlavrobiTa,... Secvalos, Semcaicvalebis sjulisagan qristianeTasa,risxavsmca dausabamo R/mer/Ti, mama, Ze da suli cxoveli (saq., sap., 18,9).vinca da ramanca guarman kacman anu diacman moigonaos da Secvalos,...krulmca ars caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda, Se-mca-edebis Zrwola kaenisi,keTri gezisi,...(saq., sap., 18,16).1579 (1589) wlis sigeli:aw vinca da ramanca amis daSlad da qcevad xelyos,... jeremc risxavsdambadebeli RmerTi, mama, Ze da suli wminda... (saq., sap., 20,32).b) -mca nawilakian konstruqciebSi dakargulia sintaqsurizemoqmedebis unari:yvelaze xSirad -mca ukavSirdeba II rezultativis mwkrivs da arcvlis zmna-Semasmenlis dro-kilos, magaliTad:Zegli erisTavTa:ukeTumca aqa ara yofilviyveniT, movidoda girSeli da yovelilaSqari misi (qron., 18,11).1233 w. ioane SavTelis kÂnklosi:me ukeTumca wuÀTica erTi mimeRo misgani aramca esreT aRmelagma enaÁqebad SenTÂs (qron., 109,2).1377 w. gujari mayaSvilTa:gveaja da mogvaxsena, raTamca Segvewyala da ... migveboZa (qron., 190,21).1441 w. Tfilisis sinod. kant. sigeli #107:da meneba, raTamca Tquenni sofelniyovlisa saTxovrisagan gameTavisuflnes(qron., 250,37).1655 w. q’ks :tmg:... Ãel vyav wi’sa amis...gulanisa aRwerad, raTamca esreT sruli dauklebi aravis Ãeleyo (qron., 468,35).-mca nawilaki xSirad gvxvdeba momavali drois axlebur formebTan:1103 w. Zeglis-wera ruis-urbnisis krebisa:da numca miiReben raÁTurTiT nu ras (qron., 63,24).164

1189w. gelaTis monastris sigeli, Tamar mefis xeliT dawerili:...igi dResa gankiTxvisasa da sityua igi m[as] zedamca aR[esrulebis](qron., 74,19).1648 w. mcxeTis nusxis sigeli:numca daviwyebul viqmnebiT Tq’n mier (qron., 464,19).1682 w. qks :tob:ukeTu vinme ... es saflavi gaxsnas..., igimca ganikiTxvis ... (qron., 499,35).nawyveti sinod. kant, gujrisa #67:erT magaliTSi gvaqvs -mca nawilaki kavSirebiTis mwkrivis zmnasTan:1582 w. wera-kiTx. xelnaweri #29:... esreT ganaCina, raTamca naxevari igi golgoTis mTisa, romelzedajuars acuÀs qriste, mieces kaTolikTa (qron., 421,14).ganaRamca nawilakTan (mniSvnelobiT diaRac) -mca nawilki ufunqcioa:ganaRamca damimtkicebia (qron., 100,15).1246 _ 1250 w. sigeli mefe-daviT-narinis droÁsa:ganaRamc hagreve mas msaxurebdes (qron., 128, 32).orjer dadasturda -ca nawilaki -mca-s funqciiT:werili w’is giorgi-mTawmidelis biografis giorgi monazonisa:da mermeca aRivsen piri CuÀni galobiTa, raTa qebaÁ R’Tisa CuÀnisaixilon mravalTaÁ (aRivseba Cveni piri galobiT) (qron., 76,32).1453. w. mcxeTis sigeli #296:vinca anu samwysoman, anu sxuaman vin Semiwynaros, igica kaci krulia...(vinc Semiwynarebs, dawyevlili iqneba) (qron., 268,16).-mca nawilakian konstruqciebSi xSiria polisemuri mniSvnelobebi:1020 w. sigeli melqizedek kaTalikozisa:da Tu uqcios da amisgan Sescvalos, arsmca kruli, wyeuli RvTisaganda Cuengan (qron., 36,12).1470 _ 1474 w. “mcneba sasjulo”:vinca sjulisa Semcode patronman ar misces episkopossa daxorepiskoposTa, sasjulod ar mianebos da Zali ar misces, ama soflisacodva man gardaiÃados da Seundobelmca ars (qron., 296,3).165

1459 w. samTavnelTaA sargo da sakanononi:vinc es ase ar gaaTaos anu samTavnelman da anu sxua kacman, risxavsmcamama, Ze da suli w’a (qron., 277,10).mocemul winadadebebSi -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi SeiZleba IIIpiris brZanebiTi kilosa da TxrobiTi kilos momavali droismniSvnelobebiT gaviazroT: es damokidebulia imaze, romel kilosvgulisxmobT damokidebul winadadebaSi:damokidebulSi kilo kavSirebiTia _ -mca nawilakian mTavarwinadadebaSi kilo brZanebiTia; damokidebul winadadebaSi kiloTxrobiTia momavali drois mniSvnelobiT _ -mca nawilakian mTavarwinadadebaSic TxrobiTi kilos momavali dro igulisxmeba (am sakiTxzezemoTac gvqonda saubari, roca polisemiur formebs vixilavdiT, amitomaq mxolod sami winadadebiT SemovifargleT).166

III Tavis daskvnebi:1. miuxedavad miRebuli da sayovelTaod gaziarebuli Sexedulebisa,rom -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis umTavresi daniSnuleba ZvelqarTulSi aris kavSirebiTi kilos gadmocema, gamovkveTeT garkveulikanonzomiereba sintaqsur konstruqciebSi, romlis mixedviT dasturdeba,rom -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis upirvelesi funqcia unda iyosTxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoxatva.ras eyrdnoba Cveni varaudi?a) -mca nawilakian konstruqciebs TxrobiTi kilos momavali droisgamoxatva SeuZlia yvelanairi agebulebis winadadebaSi. Tavad -mcanawilaki SeiZleba daerTos nebismier metyvelebis nawils, maT SoriskavSirsac.b) -mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebi brZanebiTebis funqciiTgvxvdeba mxolod mTavar winadadebaSi, Sesabamisad, -mca nawilakiarasdros ar erTvis kavSirs.g) -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiT kavSirebiTi kilosa da IIrezultativis fardi formebis gamoxatva SesaZlebelia mxolod damxolod rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebul nawilSi. -mcanawilaki am funqciebis gadmocemisas erTvis mxolod Sesabamis kavSirs.maSasadame, -mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos zmna-Semasmenelma romkavSirebiTi kilo gamoxatos, isev hipotaqsur konstruqcias unda gauwiosangariSi. momavali drois gareSe ki konstruqcia vercerT funqcias verSeasrulebda.migvaCnia, rom -mca nawilakis -m elementi unda iyos naSTiganusazRvrelobiTi me nawilakisa, romelsac sabolood momavali droisSinaarsTan mivyavarT, xolo -ca nawilakiT gaZlierebulia im sityvismniSvneloba, romelic xels uwyobs ama Tu im funqciis gamovlenas (mag.,kavSirs kavSirebiTi kilos gamoxatvisas).2. saSuali periodis saorientacio Zeglebis mixedviT -mca nawilakianiformebi xSirad dasturdeba samijnuro-saraindo poeziasa da prozaSi,rac SoTa rusTavelis genialuri “vefxistyaosnis” stilis gavlenadunda CaiTvalos, radgan swored rusTavels aqvs -mca nawilakiani167

konstruqciebi Zalian xSirad da zedmiwevniT mwignobruli enobrivinormebis dacviT gamoyenebuli.poetma SesaniSnavad icis, rom -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebisfunqciebi kavSirebiTis mwkrivebis funqciaTa analogiuria da imdenadafarToebs maTi gamoyenebis areals, ramdenadac matulobs am periodSikavSirebiTis mwkrivebi sxvadasxva formasTan, vgulisxmobT -mcanawilakiani konstruqciebis gamoyenebasa) kavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT modaluri mniSvnelobis nawilakebTanda sityvebTan;b) kiTxviTi intonaciis mqone winadadebebSi, aseve kavSirebiTi kilosfunqciiT;g) “undaobiTi” modalobis Semcvel formebSi;d) I da II piris brZanebiTebis mniSvnelobiT mxolobiTsa damravlobiT ricxvSi;e) polisemiuri mniSvnelobebiT.Zvel qarTulSi -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebi msgavsidaniSnulebebiT ar gvxvdeba.3. Cven mier ganxilul sxva Janris ZeglebSi -mca nawilakianikonstruqciebis gamoyeneba sxadasxva funqciiT Zalian mcirdeba.-mca nawilakiani TxrobiTi kilos zmna-Semasmeneli ZiriTadaddasturdeba III piris brZanebiTi kilos funqciiT e.w. wyevlisa dadalocvis formebSi, aqa-iq, Zalian iSviaTad, sxvadasxva daniSnulebiTac.4. saSuali periodis ZeglebSi -mca nawilakis nacvlad iSviaTadgvxvdeba -ca nawilakic, rac -mca-s funqciis moSlaze miuTiTebs.168

cxrilebi:TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoxatvis cxrili saSualiperiodis Zeglebis mixedviT:visr. amir. vefx. gur. sibrZ. mef.sal. esop. samarT.dav. vaxt. mogz. mgz.kavSirebiTismwkriviTaxleburimomavliT221 305 486 219 157 141 20 1683 704 11 25399 388 772 861 575 373 38 736 482yvelayveladanarC. danarC.II piris brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatvis cxrili kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT:visr. amir. gur. sibrZ. esop. mogz. mgz. qron.IkavSirebiTiT2 9 48 8 1 2 1 16IIkavSrebiTiT0 10 5 2 0 0 1 2saraindo-samijnuro poeziasa da prozaSi1. -mca nawilakiani formebi TxrobiTi kilos momavali droismniSvnelobiT:vefx. amir. visr.sul80 4 6wyvetilis mwkrivTan64 2 3uwyvetlis mwkrivTan9 0 2II rezultativTan3 0 0awmyos mwkrivTan4 2 12. -mca nawilakiani formebi kavSirebiTi kilos gagebiT:vefx. amir. visr.sul14 19 21wyvetilis mwkrivTan9 11 11uwyvetlis mwkrivTan2 4 0awmyos mwkrivTan3 4 8myofadis mwkrivTan0 0 2169

3.-mca nawilakiani formebi “undas” Semcvel winadadebebSi:vefx. amir. visr.sul27 1 10wyvetilis mwkrivTan11 1 7uwyvetlis mwkrivTan2 0 0awmyos mwkrivTan14 0 2I rezultativTan0 0 14.kiTxviTi intonaciis Semcveli -mca nawilakiani formebi kavSirebiTikilos gagebiT:vefx. amir. visr.sul29 0 2wyvetilis mwkrivTan28 0 2uwyvetlis mwkrivTan1 0 05.-mca nawilakian sintaqsur konstruqciebSi natvriTi kilos gagebaa:vefx. amir. visr.sul7 0 6wyvetilis mwkrivTan7 0 66.-mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebi I, II da III pirisbrZanebiTebis funqciiT:I brZan. vefx. amir. visr. II brZan. vefx. amir. visr. III brZan. vefx. amir. visr.funqciiTfunqciiTfunqciiTsul6 1 1sul7 4 3sul20 15 5uwyvetl.mwkrivTanwyvetilismwkrivTan1 0 0uwyvetl.mwkrivTan2 0 0wyvetilismwkrivTan0 0 0uwyvetl.mwkrivTan0 0 0wyvetilismwkrivTan2 0 01 0 0awmyosmwkrivTan2 0 1awmyosmwkrivTan6 4 3awmyosmwkrivTan14 15 5myofadismwkrivTanI rezult.mwkrivTan1 0 0myofadismwkrivTan0 1 0I rezult.mwkrivTan0 0 0myofadis1 0 0IImwkrivTanrezult.2 0 01 0 0mwkrivTan170

7.-mca nawilakiani konstruqcia Semasmenels momavali drois pirobiTikilos Sinaarss aniWebs:vefx. amir. visr.sul29 5 1uwyvetlis mwkrivTan4 1 1wyvetilis mwkrivTan24 4 0awmyos mwkrivTan1 0 08.-mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebis saerTo raodenobasamijnuro-saraindo poeziasa da prozaSi:vefx. amir. visr.sul261 118 89sxvadasxva funqciiT230 55 51ufunqciod31 63 38-mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebi saSuali periodis sxvaZeglebSi:gur. sibrZ. mef.sal. esop. samarT.dav.sul47 38 8 11 47sxvadasxvafunqciiT4 15 2 3 1ufunqciod44 23 6 8 46171

ZiriTadi daskvnebi:1. XII _ XVIII ss.-is Zeglebis Seswavlam aCvena, rom kavSirebiTismwkrivebs funqciebisa da mawarmoeblebis mixedviT Zveli qarTulisgangansxvavebiT arsebiTi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia.miuxedavad amisa, am periodis teqstebSi kavSirebiTis mwkrivTafunqciebis Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, rom qarTuli enis ganviTarebis gzazeZvelsa da axals Soris gardamavali periodis gamoyofa gamarTlebulia.Tumca Zveli da axali qarTulis gverdiT saSuali qarTuli maT TanabarerTeulad ver CaiTvleba, mainc vTvliT, rom saSuali, gardamavali,periodis gamoyofa qarTuli enis ganviTarebis calke etapad gaaadvilebsam enobrivi formebiT aWrelebuli da mravalferovnebiT gamorCeuliperiodis Seswavlas, magram terminad “saSuali qarTulis” nacvladvarCevT gamoviyenoT “saSuali periodis qarTuli”.e.w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebis Tavisebureba drois am vrcelimonakveTis Janrobrivad gansxvavebul TxzulebebSi vlindeba.2. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi saSuali periodis qarTulis Cven mierganxilul ZeglebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi daniSnulebiT:1) gadmoscems TxrobiTi kilos momaval dros; 2) gamoxatavs I, II da IIIpiris brZanebiTebs mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi; 3) gadmoscemssakuTriv kavSirebiT kilos rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis damokidebulnawilSi, kiTxviTi intonaciis mqone nebismieri agebulebis winadadebebSi,“undaobiTi” modalobis Semcvel winadadebebSi da iseT sityvebsa TunawilakebTan, romlebic SesaZlo, saTuo, saeWvo, savaraudo niuansebsgamoxatavs.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT gamoixateba samive kilo: TxrobiTi,brZanebiTi, kavSirebiTi da samive dro: axlandeli (I seriis uzmniswinoformebSi), momavali da warsuli (III seriis kavSirebiTebSi). amitommwkrivis gagebiT am terminis gamoyeneba Zveli da ramdenadme saSualiperiodis qarTulisaTvis Seusabamod migvaCnia.samive drois gadmocema kavSirebiTis mwkrivebs SeuZlia mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, roca isini gamoiyeneba kavSirebiTi kilos funqciiT;172

kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT momavali drois gamoxatva TandaTan mcirdebagviani periodis ZeglebSi, maT adgils ikavebs momavali drois axleburi,zmniswiniani formebi.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT momavali drois gamoxatva XVIIIs.-issamarTlis Zeglebis stilis maxasiaTebelia. es faqti, Cveni dakvirvebiT,sigel-gujrebis enis gavleniT aris ganpirobebuli.yvelaze didxans kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois warmoeba SenarCunebulia pirobiT damokidebuli winadadebebis dadrois damokidebuli winadadebebis, qvemdebarul da damatebiTdamokidebuli winadadebebis Semcvel rTul qvewyobil konstruqciebSi.3. gardamavali periodis ZeglebSi SeimCneva kavSirebiTebis mierTxrobiTi kilos zogadi awmyos gamoxatvis unari rTuli qvewyobiliwinadadebebis damokidebul nawilSi. rac ufro gviani periodisaa Zegli,miT metia amgvari formebi. gansakuTrebiT xSirad gamoiyenebakavSirebiTis mwkrivebi TxrobiTi kilos zogadi awmyos mniSvnelobiTvaxtang VI-isa da daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis wignebSi, aseve sulxansabasada g. avaliSvilis mogzaurobis Janris TxzulebebSi.“visramianSi” dadasturda am movlenis sapirispiro SemTxveva _ awmyosmwkrivis gamoyeneba momavali drois gagebiT (rac originaluri enisgavleniT unda aixsnas);4. amave periodis Zeglebis mixedviT dasturdeba kavSirebiTismwkrivTa polisemantizmi, rac TavisTavad arTulebs am ZeglebSikavSirebiTebis mwkrivebis ama Tu im funqciisTvis upiratesobis miniWebas.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi funqciaTa aRreva gviani periodisZeglebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da gamowveuli unda iyos am mwkrivebisumTavresi funqciis _ TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoxatvisunaris TandaTanobiTi dakargviT, aseve imiT, rom am periodSi sxvadasxvasaxis hipotaqsuri konstruqciebi TandaTan yalibdeba, kavSirTa sistemacCamoyalibebis procesSia.5. pirobiT damokidebuli winadadebebis Sesaxeb zogadad unda iTqvas:a) yvelaze didxans amgvar winadadebebSia TxrobiTi kilos momavalidrois gamoxatva SenarCunebuli kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiT;173

) polisemiuri formebi umetesad am tipis winadadebebSiagamovlenili;g) pirobiT damokidebulian rTul qvewyobil winadadebebSi momavalidro aoristiTaa gadmocemuli, anu aoristis formebs SeTavsebuli aqvTkavSirebiTis mwkrivis funqcia.6. saSuali saukuneebis ZeglebSi III kavSirebiTi xSirad dasturdeba.III kavSirebiTs Tanamedrove qarTulSi aqvs momavali drois gamoxatvisunari (dae, yofiliyos mSvidoba dedamiwaze!), magram dasaxelebulZeglebSi III kavSirebiTi momavali drois mniSvnelobiT ar Segvxvedria(am formebSi warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegia momavalSi).7. I seriis e. w. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi unifikaciis procesidasrulebulia: kavSirebiTis niSnad ZiriTadad -e mawarmoebeli gvaqvs, -imxolod -od savrcobiani formebis ramdenime magaliTSi dadasturda.8. I da II kavSirebiTebis III piris daboloebad mravlobiT ricxvSiZiriTadad gvaqvs -en mawarmoebeli, Tumca paralelurad matulobs -nensufiqsis gamoyeneba.9. -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis umTavresi daniSnuleba ZvelqarTulSi unda iyos TxrobiTi kilos momavali drois gamoxatva.-mca nawilakis funqciebi “vefxistyaosanSi” matulobs imdenad,ramdenadac izrdeba kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebi. rac Seexeba“visramiansa” da “amirandarejanians”, -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebismomravleba am ZeglebSi rusTavelis gavlenad unda miviCnioT.sxva Janris TxzulebebSi -mca nawilakiani konstruqciebis gamoyenebakavSirebiTebis mwkrivebis funqciebis Sesabamisad Zalze Semcirebulia,ZiriTadad gvxvdeba isini III brZanebiTis gagebiT e. w. wyevla-krulvis,dalocvis gaqvavebul formebSi.XII _ XIII saukunis ZeglebSi dasturdeba -ca nawilakis aRrevisSemTxvevebi –mca nawilakTan, ufro gviani periodis ZeglebSi ki amnawilaks vxvdebiT Zalian intensiurad pirobiT-SedegobiTi modalobebisgadmocemisas, rac unda aixsnas imiT, rom -mca nawilakis Semadgenel m(

am Sinaarsis dakargvis Semdeg -ca nawilakma myarad daikava adgili ammodalobis mqone rTul konstuqciebSi -mca-s nacvlad.175

damuSavebuli Zeglebi da saxelwodebaTa Semoklebaniabo _ “martvilobaÁ haboÁsi”, Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestoma-Tia, I, Sedgenili sol. yubaneiSvilis mier, Tbilisi, 1946.aTon. _ “cxorebaÁ giorgi aTonelisaÁ”, ix. abo.amir. _ mose xoneli, “amirandarejaniani”, Zveli qarTuli literaturisqrestomaTia, II, Sedgenili sol. yubaneiSvilis mier Tbilisi, 1949.aRap. _ aTonis iveriis monastris 1074 w. xelnaweri aRapebiT, saiubileogamocema saeklesio muzeumisa, Tbilisi, 1901.gobr. _ “martÂlobaÁ gobronisi”, ix. abo.xanZT. _ cxorebaÁ grigol xanZTelisaÁ, ix. abo.dab. _ (dabadebaÁ) “wignni Zuelisa aRuTqumisani”, t. I. nakv. I. gamoscaakaki SaniZem, 1947.gur. _ daviT guramiSvili, “daviTiani”, saredaqcio kolegia: i. abaSiZe,al. baramiZe, n. berZeniSvili, k. kekeliZe, g. leoniZe, s. Ciqovani,Tbilisi, 1955.daviT da kost. _ “martvilobaÁ daviT da kostantinesi”, ix. abo.evst. _ “martÂlobaÁ evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ”, ix. abo.esop. _ “igavni esopesni’, ix. amir.equsT. _ basili didi, “equsTa dReTaÁ”, teqsti gamosca da leqsikonidaurTo m. kaxaZem, Tbilisi, 1947.vaxt. _ vaxtang VI, “samarTlis wigni”, teqsti gamosacemad daamzadagamokvleva da terminTa saZiebeli daurTo Tina enuqiZem, Tb.1955.visr. _ sargis Tmogveli, “visramiani”, ix. amir.vefx. _ SoTa rusTaveli, “vefxistyaosani”, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada,Sesavali da ganmartebani, komentari da bolosityva daur-To n. naTaZem, Tbilisi, 1986.zarzm. _ “cxorebaÁ serapion zarzmelisaÁ”, ix. abo.zedazn. _ “cxorebaÁ ioane zedaznelisaÁ”, ix. abo.i. _ (iovane) qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqcia sami Satberdulixelnaweris mixedviT (897, 936, 973ww.) gamosca a. SaniZem, 1945.iad. _ daviT bagrationi, “iadigar daudi”, redaqtori k. danelia,176

Tbilisi, 1992.ilar. _ “cxorebaÁ ilarion qarTvelisaÁ”, ix. abo.iob. _ (iobisi) “wignni Zuelisa aRTqumisani”, t. I, nakv. 2, gamoscaa. SaniZem, 1948.iov. da efT. _ “cxorebaÁ iovanesi da efTÂmesi”, ix. abo.kost. kax. _ “martvilobaÁ kostanti kaxisaÁ”, ix. abo.kim. I _ kimeni, nawili pirveli, tomi I, k. kekeliZis redaqtorobiT,tfilisi, 1918.kol. _ “martÂlobaÁ cxraTa ZmaTa kolaelTaÁ”, ix. abo.levit. _ “wignni Zuelisa aRTqumisani”, t. I, nakv. I, “levitelTaÁ”, gamoscaa. SaniZem, Tb., 1948.l. _ (luka) ix. i.m. _ (maTe) ix. i.mgz. _ giorgi avaliSvili,“mgzavroba Tbilisidan ierusalimamde”,teqstigamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebidaurTo el. metrevelma, Tbilisi 1967.mogz. _ sulxan-saba orbeliani “mogzauroba evropaSi”, solomoniordaniSvilis redaqciiT, winasityvaobiT, SeniSvnebiT daleqsikoniT, Tbilisi, 1940.mef. sal. _ “mefeTa salaro”, ix. amir.mrvlT. _ mravalTavi, teqstebi, il. abulaZis gamocema, nakveTi pirveli,enimkis moambe, XIV, 1944.mrk. _ (markozi) ix. i.nino _ “cxorebaÁ ninoÁsi”, ix. abo.raJd. _ “martÂlobaÁ raJden pirvelmowamisaÁ”, ix. abo.samarT. dav. _ “samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa”, teqsti gamosca dagamokvleva daurTo daviT furcelaZem, Tbilisi, 1964.sas. p. _ p. ingoroyva, Zvel-qarTuli sasuliero poezia, wigni I,teqstebi, VIII_X saukuneebi, 1913.saq. sap. _ babilina lominaZe, “saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misi miwaTmflobeloba”,saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli gela-Tis mecnierebaTa akademia, gamomc. nekeri, 2010.177

sibrZ. _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, “sibrZne sicruisa”, redaqtori v.WeliZe, Tbilisi, 1970.udabn. mr. _ “udabnos mravalTavi”, akaki SaniZisa da zurab WumburiZisredaqciiT, Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, Tbilisi, 1994.qron. _ qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa,Skrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T.Jordanias mier, wigni meore (1213 wlidam 1700 wlamde), tfilisi,1897.Sio da evag. _ “cxorebaÁ SioÁsi da evagrÀsi”, ix. abo.SuS. _ “martÂlobaÁ SuSanikisi”, ix. abo.cxor. _ giorgi mTawmindeli, “cxoreba iovanesi da efTÂmesi”, gamosacemadmoamzada iv. javaxiSvilma, 1946.178

damowmebuli literaturis siaavaliSvili 1967: avaliSvili g., mgzavroba Tbilisidan ierusalimamde,teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva daleqsikoni daurTo el. metrevelma.antoni 1885: anton I, qarTuli Rrammatika, Sedgenili anton I-ismier, Tb., 1885.afridoniZe 1971: afridoniZe S., sityvaTganlageba qarTul winadadebaSi,sakandidato disertacia, Tb., 1971.axvlediani 1949: axvlediani g., zogadi fonetikis safuZvlebi,Tsu., 1949.baramiZe 2003: baramiZe l., subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa ganawilebisaTvisZvel qarTulSi, Tb., 2003.gaiozi 1789: gaioz reqtori, Rrammatika, kremenCugi, 1789.gaCeCilaZe 1960: gaCeCilaZe p., “kvlav mca nawilakisaTvis”, iberiulkavkasiurienaTmecniereba, t. XII, 1960.gigineiSvili 2009: qarTuli ena da literatura, X klasis saxelmZRvanelo,avtor-Semdgenlebi: manana gigineiSvili, lauragrigolaSvili, vaxtang rodonaia, “swavlani”, 2009.gogolaSvili 1984: gogolaSvili g., dro-kiloTa meore seriisformebi axal qarTulSi, Tbilisis universitetisgamomcemloba, 1984.gogolaSvili 1988: gogolaSvili g., qarTuli zmnis uRvlilebissistema, Tb., 1988.Deeters 1925: Deeters G., Das khartvelische verbum, L. 1930.Deeters 1926: Deeters G. Armenisch und Sudkaukasisch (Ein Beitrag zur Frage derSprachmischung), Leipzig, Caucasica, #3, 1926.dodaSvili 1830: dodaSvili sol., Semoklebuli qarTuliRrammatika, 1830.dondua 1957: dondua k., damokidebuli winadadebis ganviTrebisistoriidan Zvel qarTulSi, Tsu Sromebi, t. 65, 1957.179

erTeliSvili 1963: erTeliSvili f., rTuli winadadebis istoriisaTvisqarTulSi, I, hipotaqsis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1963.Tofuria 1931: Tofuria v., svanuri ena, 1, zmna, 1931.imnaiSvili 1957: imnaiSvili i., saxelTa bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebiZvel qarTulSi, Tsu, Tb.,1957.imnaiSvilebi 1996: imnaiSvili i., imnaiSvili v., zmna Zvel qarTulSi,I, m.f. 1996.ioseliani 1840: ioseliani, p., pirveldawyebiTni kanonni qarTulisaRramatikisa, 1840.kekeliZe 1951: kekeliZe k., qarTuli mwerlobis istoria, I, 1951.kotinovi 1986: kotinovi n., kilos kategoria da sintaqsis zogierTisakiTxi qarTulSi, 1986.kublaSvili 1952-1953: kublaSvili k., brZanebiTi kilos zogierTiformis Sesaxeb qarTulSi, al. wulukiZis saxelobisquTaisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri Sromebi, XI, 1952-1953.lominaZe 2010: lominaZe b., “saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misi miwaTmflobeloba”,saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuligelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia, gamomc., nekeri, 2010.Марр 1925: Марр Н. Я., Грамматика древнелитературного языка, Ленинград,1925.martirosovi 1955: martirosovi a., masdaruli konstruqciis genezisisaTvisZvel qarTulSi, ike, t. V, Tb. 1955,megreliSvili 1986: megreliSvili m., zmnis funqciur-semantikurikategoriebi inglisur enaSi, Tb., 1986.meliqiSvili 1980: meliqiSvili d., momavali droisa da kavSirebiTikilos urTierTobis sakiTxisaTvis, iberiulkavkasiurienaTmecnierebis weliwd., t. VII, 1980.meliqiSvili 2001: qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistema, Tbilisi 2001.Мейе 1954: Мейе А., Сравнительный метод в историческом языкознании. М., изд.иностр. лит., 1954.metreveli 1967: metreveli el., mgzavroba Tbilisidan ierusalimamde,teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva, leqsikoni180

da saZieblebi daurTo el. metrevelma, Tbilisi, 1967.naTaZe 1956: naTaZe n., dro-kiloTaA warmoeba Zvel qarTulSi, sadisertacionaSromi filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatissamecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, 1956.ninua 1968: ninua g., brZanebiTi kilo qarTul enaSi, sadisertacionaSromi filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecnieroxarisxis mosapoveblad, 1968.oqropiriZe 1975: oqropiriZe n., kavSirebiTi kilos modalurifunqciebi qarTul enaSi saqaTvelos ssr pedagogiuriinstitutis Sromebi, II, 1975.papiZe 1981: papiZe a., II kavSirebiTis nakvTis funqciebi da gamoyenebaTanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi, qarTulisityvis kulturis sakiTxebi, wigni meoTxe, mecniereba,1981.rogava 1945: rogava g., aoristisa da kavSirebiTi meoris zogafiqsTa genezisisaTvis -ev sufiqsTan dakavSirebiTqarTulsa da megrulSi:saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTaakademiis moambe, 1945.rogava 1948: rogava g., hipotaqsis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi: al.wulukiZis quTaisis pedagogiuri institutis Sromebi,VIII, 1948.sarjvelaZe 1984: sarjvelaZe z., qarTuli saliteraturo enisistoriis Sesavali, Tbilisi, 1984.surgulaZe 1959: surgulaZe iv., sulxan-saba orbelianis politikurida iuridiuli Sexedulebani, Tbilisi, 1959.Топуриа, Гигинеишвили 1957: Топуриа В. Т., Гигинеишвили И. М., О формированиигрузинского литературного языка, Труды объединной научнои сессиипо общественным наукам, Баку, 1957.furcelaZe 1964: furcelaZe d., samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa,Tbilisi, 1964.qavTaraZe 1984: qavTaraZe iv., qarTuli enis istoriisaTvis, I, Tb.1984.181

qarTveliSvili 1815: qarTveliSvili i., qarTuli Rrammatika, 1815.SaniZe 1953: SaniZe a., qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tb., 1953.SaniZe 1935: SaniZe a., Zveli qarTulis qrestomaTia, 1935.SaniZe 1978: SaniZe a., Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika, Tb., 1978.SaniZe 1918: SaniZe a., mca nawilaki Zvel qarTulSi, Jurn.“promeTe”, #1, 1918.SaniZe 1945: SaniZe a., sami mwkrivis Taviseburebani qarTulSi, saq.mecn. akad. moambe, 1945, t. 6, #10.SaniZe 1964: SaniZe a., antoni I-is gavlena saliteraturo qarTulze,“Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi”, 9, Tbilisi, 1964.SanSovani 1881: SanSovani z., mokle Rrammatika qarTulisa enisa,tf. 1881.Ciqobava 1946: Ciqobava arn. mravlobiTobis aRniSvnis ZiriTadiprincipebisaTvis qarTuli zmnis uRvlilebis sistemaSi:ike, I, 1946.Ciqobava 1963: Ciqobava arn., istoriuli dialeqtologiis sakiTxebiZveli qarTulis ZeglTa CvenebaSi da kvleva-ZiebisZiriTadi amocana am mxriv: filologiis fakultetis VIIsamecniero sesia, moxsenebaTa Tezisebi, 1963.Ciqobava 1948: Ciqobava arn., ergatiuli konstruqciis problemaiberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, Tb. 1948.Ciqobava 1929: Ciqobava arn., riT aris warmodgenili mravlobiTSidasmuli morfologiuri obieqti Zv. qarTulSi: tf. universitetismoambe, IX, 1929.Ciqobava 1952: Ciqobava arn., enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, Tbilisi,1952.CxubianiSvili 1972: CxubianiSvili d., infinitivis sakiTxebisaTvisZvel qarTulSi, “mecniereba”, Tb. 1972.cixiSvili 2009: meore seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba saSual qarTulSi.disertacia iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universitetis doqtoris (P.h. D.) akademiurixarisxis mosapoveblad.182

ZiZiguri 1973: ZiZiguri S., kavSirebi qarTul enaSi, Tbilisi, 1973.WumburiZe, gabeCava 1999: WumburiZe z., gabeCava r., qarTuli ena, XIklasis saxelmZRvanelo, Tbilisi, 1999.WumburiZe 1986: WumburiZe z., myofadi qarTvelur enebSi, Tbilisi,1986.javaxiSvili 1956: javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli enisa da mwerlobisistoriis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1956.jorbenaZe 1998: jorbenaZe b., qarTuli saliteraturo enisperiodizaciisaTvis, burji erovnebisa, besarion jorbena-Zis sazogadoebis Jurnali, 1, Tbilisi, 1998.183

sarCeviSesavali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2_7Tavi I: kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa warmoeba da funqciebi Zv. qarTulSi1.1. kavSirebiTi kilosa da TxrobiTikilos momavali drois urTierTmimarTebisSesaxeb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8_151.2. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa mawarmoeblebiZvel qarTulSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15_161.3. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebiZvel qarTulSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16_171.3.1. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoxatavsTxrobiTi kilos momaval dros _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _17_201.3.2.kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gamoxatavspirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvisbrZanebiTs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201.3.3. brZanebiTis iSviaTi formebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _21_251.3.4. ukuTqmiTi brZanebiTi ZvelqarTulSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _25_271.3.5. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebi gadmoscemskavSirebiT kilos _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _27_301.4. kavSirebiTi kilos gamomxatveliformebis adgili hipotaqsisgenezisis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _30_36I Tavis daskvnebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37Tavi II: kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa warmoeba da funqciebisaSuali periodis qarTulSi2.1. -d da -od savrcobian zmnaTa niSnebiI kavSirebiTis mwkrivSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _38_40184

2.2. kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa funqciebisaSuali periodis qarTulSi:kavSirebiTis mwkrivi gamoxatavsTxrobiTi kilos momaval dros _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41_612.3. kavSirebiTis mwkriviT gadmocemuliasakuTriv kavSirebiTi kilo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 612.3.1. kavSirebiTi kilo qvewyobiliwinadadebis damokidebul nawilSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61_732.3.2.kavSirebiTis mwkrivi kavSirebiTikilos gagebiT sxvadasxva modalurnawilakebTan da sityvebTan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _73_752.3.3.kavSirebiTi kilo kiTxviTiintonaciis Semcvel winadadebebSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _75_762.3.4.kavSirebiTi kilo “undas” SemcvelwinadadebebSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76_792.4.kavSirebiTis mwkrivi gamoiyenebabrZanebiTi kilos gadmosacemad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _792.4.1.kavSirebiTis mwkrivi gamoyenebuliaI piris mravlobiTi ricxvisbrZanebiTi kilosaTvis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 792.4.2.kavSirebiTis mwkrivi gamoxatavsIII piris brZanebiTs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79_802.4.3.brZanebiTis iSviaTi formebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80_882.5. pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobisasaxva kavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88_982.6. polisemiuri formebikavSirebiTis mwkrivebSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99_1042.7. kavSirebiTis mwkrivebiTgadmocemulia TxrobiTikilos axlandeli dro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _104_1062.8. III kavSirebiTis warmoeba185

saorientacio Zeglebis mixedviT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107_109II Tavis daskvnebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _110_118Tavi III: -mca nawilakiani sintaqsuri konstruqciebis funqciebiZvelsa da saSuali periodis qarTulSi3.1. –mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiTsxvadasxva funqciebis gamovlenisaTvisaucilebeli faqtorebiZvel qarTulSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 119_1283.2. _mca nawilakiani konstruqciebissemantikis ganviTarebisaTvisqarTul saraindo poeziasa daprozaSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128_1293.2.1. _mca nawilakiani sintaqsurikonstruqciebi TxrobiTi kilosmomavali drois mniSvnelobiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129_1313.2.2. _mca nawilakiani TxrobiTikilos formebi kavSirebiTikilos gagebiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131_1323.2.3. polisemiuri formebi _mcanawilakian konstruqciebSi_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1333.2.4. kavSirebiTi kilo “undaobiTi”modalobis Semcvel _mcanawilakian konstruqciebSi_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133_1353.2.5. _mca nawilakiani konstruqciebikiTxviTi Sinaarsis mqonewinadadebebSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _135_1363.2.6. _mca nawilakiani konstruqciebinatvriTi kilos gagebiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _136_1373.2.7. –mca nawilakiani konstruqciebiI, II da III piris brZanebiTebissawarmoeblad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137_1403.2.8. _mca nawilakiani konstruciebi186

pirobiTi kilos SinaarsiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140_1413.2.9. _mca nawilakiani konstruqciebinamyo winare warsulis gagebiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141_1433.2.10. _mca nawilaks funqcia araaqvs winadadebaSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _143_1483.3. _ca nawilaki _mca-s funqciiT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _148_1523.4. _mca nawilakiani konstruqciebie.w. saSuali periodis sxva ZeglebSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _152_161III Tavis daskvnebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _162_163cxrilebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _164_166ZiriTadi daskvnebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167_170damuSavebuli Zeglebi da saxelwodebaTa Semoklebani _ _ _ _ 171_173damowmebuli literaturis sia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174_178sarCevi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _179_182187

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