folkloris iseT gulSematkivrebTan, rogorebiciyvnen: kukuri WoxoneliZe, anzorerqomaiSvili, gomar sixaruliZe. sworedmaTi TxovniT gadawyvita, Seeqmna bavSvTaansambli `patara kaxi~, romelic, SeiZlebaiTqvas, iyo misi moRvaweobis gvirgvini.ansamblSi miRebis msurvelTa ricxvi imdenaddidi aRmoCnda, rom saWiro gaxda misisam Taobad gay<strong>of</strong>a. amgvarad, levan abaSiZemqarTul folklors aTeulobiT axalgazrdaaziara, romlebic, Tavis mxriv qarTulifolkloris kidev bevr gulSematkivarsaRzrdian.qarTuliferxulebiebi(aRmosavleT saqarTvelo)guram urCuxiSvilixalxuri simRera y<strong>of</strong>aSimecnierebaSi ferxuli aRiarebuliagansakuTrebul Janrad, romlis fesvebiSoreul warsulSi ikargeba. rogorc varaudoben,ferxuli warmarTul religiur qmedebaSiunda Casaxuliyo. ferxuli sinkertuliJanria da masSi daunawevrebladarsebobs xelovnebis sami dargi: musika,poezia da qoreografia.18qarTul musikalur folkloristikaSiferxulebis Sesaxeb araerTi sainteresomosazrebaa gamoTqmuli. zogi varaudiT,saferxulo simRerebis intonaciuri formulebi,melodiis tipi, Sromis simRerebTanda tirilebTan erTad, qarTuli musikalurifuZe-enis safuZveli unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo.Cvenamde moRweuli cnobebis mixedviT,ferxuli mTel saqarTveloSi arsebobda,Tumca dRes, saferxulo Sesrulebis tradiciabevr kuTxeSi daikarga. am TvalsazrisiT,gansakuTrebiT dasafasebeliasvaneTi, sadac dRemde simRerebis didi nawiliswored ferxulad sruldeba. sapirispirosuraTia qarTlsa da kaxeTSi,sadac, musikaluri monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT,uwin uamravi saxis saferxuli undaarsebuliyo, Tumca dReisaTvis mxolod ramdenimessacekvao moZraobaa Cawerili.arsebobs rogorc mxolod mamakacTa(`lemCili~), ise mxolod qalTa ferxulebi(`iavnana~). amasTanave, sakmaod didi raodenobaferxulebisa (`JuJuna~, `dala kojasxelRvaJale~) Sereulad _ anu mamakacTa daqalTa mier erToblivadac sruldeba.saferxuloebis didi nawilidakavSirebulia saweso, sakulto qmedebas-Tan. swored am tipisaa aRmosavleT saqar-Tvelos mTianeTSi gavrcelebuli `ferxisa~(xevsureTSi _ `ferxisuli~), romelic xatobisaucilebeli nawilia. `ferxisa~ sruldebodarogorc ferxulad, ise salocavisgarSemovlis drosa da gzaSi _ mTissalocavidan baris salocavisken daSvebisas.am sakmaod did manZilze svlas Tan axlda`ferxisas~ mRerac. Sesabamisad, misi xangr-Zlivoba SesaZloa, saaTze metic y<strong>of</strong>iliyo.`ferxisas~ teqsti ZiriTadad miTologiurian sagmiro Sinaarsisaa. am simReris xevsuruli,fSauri da gudamayruli variantebierTmaneTis msgavsia. `ferxisa~ umetes Sem-TxvevaSi orxmiania, garda mTiuleTisa,sadac is sam xmad iTqmis. iseve, rogorcsaqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela saferxulo,`ferxisac~ orpirulad sruldeba. meoregundi pirvelis sityvebs imeorebs.aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis didnawilSi qorwilSi aucileblad sruldebodasimRera `jvari winasa~. Cveulebriv,am saferxulos patarZlis nefis saxlSimiyvanisa da keriis garSemovlis drosasrulebdnen. arsebobs misi qarTluri dakaxuri variantebic.TandaTanobiT `ferxisas~ da `jvariwinasas~ fexis moZraoba daviwyebas mieca. esyvelaferi ki simReris musikalur mxarezecaisaxa: simReram dakarga saferxulo-
ebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkveTrad aqcentirebulimetr-ritmi.TuSeTSi xatobisas aucileblad sruldebasarTulebiani ferxuli `qorbeRela~.mecnierTa varaudiT, es sityvaorsarTulian saxls, orsarTulian nagebobasunda niSnavdes. xatobis dros orsar-Tuliani wre mTis damrec ferdobze erTiadgilidan meoremde dauSlelad undamisuliyo. adgilobrivebi `qorbeRelas~ mixedviTmomavals winaswarmetyvelebdnen.ferxulis daSla cudis momaswavebeli iyo,jerovnad Sesruleba ki baraqianobasa dagamravlebas moaswavebda.sarTulebiani ferxulebi saqarTvelossxva kuTxeebSic dasturdeba, magaliTad,svanuri `mirmiqela~, qarTluri `zemyrelo~,mesxuri `samyrelo~. zemoxsenebul ferxulebiqveda da zeda rigis dialogzea agebuli:Zirs mdgomebi maT mxrebze SemdgarTCamogdebiT emuqrebian. simRerebSi ar eridebianuwmawuri sityvebis gamoyenebasac.zogierTi mosazrebiT, orsarTuliani ferxulierTgvari wvrTnaa sabrZolo qmedebis-Tvis. mecnierTa mniSvnelovani nawili ki amferxulebs nay<strong>of</strong>ierebis kults ukavSirebs.aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulisaferxuloebis udidesi nawili e. w.`iavnanas~ melodiaze aigeba. simRerebSigamoyenebulia an mTlianad `iavnanas~ hangi,an _ misi garkveuli nawili. aRmosavleTsaqarTvelos mTidan `iavnanas~ hangze agebulisaferxulo simRera mxolod xevSiacnobili.zogierTi saferxulo wyobis simReraSromis process ukavSirdeba. magaliTad,aseTebia `namgluri~, romelsac namglebislesvis dros asruleben, da `mumli muxasa~_ romelic, mecnierTa azriT, uwindeli xisTayvaniscemis gadmonaSTia.yuradRebas iqcevs qarTlel da kaxelqalTa saferxulo wyobis simRerebi:amindis marTvis kaxuri `gonja~ daqarTluri `lazare~; sakulto `dideba~ _romelic eklesiis garSemovlis drosiTqmoda. zogierTi cnobis mixedviT,`didebas~ erTmaneTis monacvleobiTasrulebdnen qalTa da mamakacTa gundebi.sayuradReboa, rom aRmosavleTsaqarTvelos mTianeTis mamakacTa`ferxisebi~ da kaxel qalTa `didebebi~ erTsakompozicio sqemaze aigeba.oTar kapanaZeerTi simReris istoria`dala kojas xelRvaJale~simRera `dala kojas xelRvaJale svanurisamonadireo simRerebis ricxvs ganekuTvneba.qarTulad misi saTauri ase iTargmneba:`dali kldeSi mSiobiarobs~. dali qarTuliwarmarTuli paneonis erT-erTi RvTaebaa,romelic svanur miTologiaSi kldis nadirismfarvelad iTvleba. amitom svanimonadireebi nadirobisas Semweobas sworedmas SesTxoven.simReraSi `dala kojas xelRvaJale~ gadmocemuliadalis kldeSi mSobiarobisambavi. rogorc cnobilia, dali qarTulixalxuri eposis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobiligmiris _ amiranis dedaa. Sesabamisad, `dalakojas xelRvaJale~ amiranis dabadebis epizodia.axladgaCenili yrma dedas kldidanuvardeba, mas mgeli itacebs, romelsac Sem-TxveviT iq moxvedrili monadire klavs dadalis Cvils ubrunebs, safasurad ki qal-RmerTisagan warmatebuli nadirobis pirobasiRebs.mkvlevrebi `dala kojas xelRvaJales~uZvelesi saxalxo dramis nawilad miiCneven,romelic, SesaZloa, odesRac amiranis eposisnawili y<strong>of</strong>iliyo. erTi svani monadirisgadmocemiT, `dalis Svilis gaCena `xoSaRerbeTma~ (didma RmerTma) aukrZala~. rogorcCans, imis gamo, rom man uwyoda, daliRmerTTan mebrZol amirans Sobda. albaTamitom uWirs dalis mSobiaroba, amitom darajobenmis yrmas zemodan yvev-yornebi daqvemodan _ mgeli.dali macduri arsebaa, romelic momxiblavmonadireebs sasiyvarulo sarecelssTavazobs da sanacvlod warmatebul nadirobashpirdeba, mxolod erTi pirobiT:monadirem es kavSiri saidumlod undaSeinaxos da dalis aravisTan uRalatos.winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, monadires daRupvaelis. Tumca simReraSi `dala kojas xel-RvaJale~ es motivi ar Cans. masSi RvTaebisadamianebisadmi keTilganwyobaa asaxuli.`dala kojas xelRvaJale~ svanur musikalurfolklorSi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebulisimReraa. cnobilia misi uamravivarianti: rogorc samxmiani, ise solo,sakravis TanxlebiT da mis gareSe, rogorcqalTa, ise mamakacTa SesrulebiT.maka xarZiani19