A akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti humanitarul mecnierebaTa ...

A akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetiirma rusaZesomaturi idiomebi lingvokulturologiur aspeqtSi(inglisuri da qarTuli enebis masalaze)10.02.04. – germanikuli enebidisertacia filologiis doqtoris xarisxis mosapovebladsamecniero xelmZRvaneli:filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesorimixeil qurdianiquTaisi2010

SinaarsiSesavali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Tavi I. ena da kultura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111.1. enisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111.2. kulturis gavlena enis ganviTarebaze dasamyaros enobrivi suraTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Tavi II. somaturi elementebi frazeologiur erTeulSi . . . . . . . . . . . .432.1. frazeologizmi da idiomi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432.2. somaturi idiomebi da maTi klasifikacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.3. nominacia - somaturi idiomebis gamovlenis erT-erTi modeli . . . . 115Tavi III. specifiuri kolokvialuri somaturi idiomebis funqciobiskanonzomierebani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1263.1. somaturi enis gamoyenebis TaviseburebanikolokaciebTan mimarTebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1263.2. somatizmebi - rogorc absoluturi kolokvialuriuniversaliebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139daskvna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154.danarTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162I. inglisuri enis somaturi idiomebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162II. qarTuli enis somaturi idiomebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172III. somaturi idiomebis inglisur-qarTuli leqsikoni . . .2

S e s a v a l isadisertacio naSromi eZRvneba inglisur da qarTul enebSi msgavsida gansxvavebuli somaturi idiomebis realizaciis enobriv da socialurTaviseburebebze dakvirvebiT Seswavlas da mocemuli enebis somaturileqsikis lingvokulturologiur aspeqtSi kvlevas. somaturi idiomebiyvela nacionalur-enobriv-kulturul sivrceSi gvxvdeba. isini yovelixalxis enaSi povebs asaxvas. dReisaTvis am enobrivi fenomenisadmilingvokulturologiuri midgoma ara mxolod SesaZlebel, aramedaucilebel moTxovnad unda miviCnioT, radganac somatur idiomebSiaisaxeba TiToeuli eris kultura, areklili cnobierebaSi.Tanamedrove msoflioSi Seqmnil viTarebaSi, rodesac mTeli msofliosazogadoeba midis globalizaciis gziT, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobasiZenen kulturologiuri xasiaTis kvlevebi, romlebic ayalibebenzogadsakacobrio kulturis saxes da, amave dros, iZlevian yovelicalkeuli kulturis specifikisa da TviTmyofadobis gamovlenissaSualebas. zemoaRniSnuli kvlevebi uaRresad aqtualuriamcirericxvovani erebis kulturebisTvis, rogorc TviTmyofadobisSenarCunebis da xSirad TviTgadarCenis mZlavri iaraRi. uaxlesi droismsoflios socialurma, politikurma da ekonomikurma Zvrebma gamoiwviesxalxebis aqamde arnaxuli migracia, gadasaxleba, aRreva, Setakeba da,rogorc Sedegi, maTi kulturebis konfliqti. es problema erT-erTicentraluria Tanamedrove epoqaSi, romelic cdilobs gadawyvitos igikulturaTaSoriso dialogis, urTierTgagebis, mimteveblobis gziT.axali drois mecniereba ama Tu im kulturas Seiswavliskompleqsurad, misi ganviTarebis yvela aspeqtSi: cxovrebis wesi,msoflmxedveloba, cnobiereba, mentaliteti, nacionaluri xasiaTi,adamianis sulieri, sazogadoebrivi da warmoebiTi moRvaweobis Sedegebi.nebismieri kulturis Seswavla da aRwera SeuZlebelia misi enisSeswavlis gareSe, radgan swored enaa eTnosis mTavari maxasiaTebeli daeTnikuri identifikaciis ZiriTadi faqtori; enaSi xdeba kulturis,erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis gamovlena, asaxva da fiqsacia. amave dros,ena warmoadgens ama Tu im lingvo-kulturuli erTobliobis istoriulmexsierebas, gamoxatavs mis Sexedulebebs eTikur da esTetikur normebze.3

Tanamedrove mecnierebis yuradRebis centrSia moqceuli enis,cnobierebisa da kulturis rTuli urTierTmoqmedeba, rodesac enaSiaisaxeba yoveli konkretuli eTnosis kulturuli cnobierebis faqtebi,xolo enobrivi kategoriebi, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas axdenen adamianiscnobierebaze, gansazRvraven misi azrovnebis tips, msoflaRqmas,Rirebulebebis sistemasa da socialur qcevas. amrigad, adamianis miersinamdvilis aRqma ganpirobebulia im eTnojgufis kulturiT, romelsacigi miekuTvneba, rac aisaxeba mis enaSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, enawarmoadgens garkveul kulturul kods, romelic iWreba ra azrovnebisyvela procesSi, ayalibebs adamianis – enis matareblis pirovnebas masSikodirebul msoflmxedvelobis, mentalitetis Sesabamisad. yovelivezemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swored enawarmoadgens eTnosis Camoyalibebis erT-erT umTavres faqtors, qmnis erskulturis, tradiciebis, sazogadoebrivi TviTSegnebis Senaxvisa daTaobidan TaobaSi gadacemis meSveobiT.ama Tu im eTnojgufis enobriv konceptebSi, stereotipebSi dakulturis sxva simboloebSi vlindeba misi damokidebuleba samyarosadmi,msoflaRqma, samyaros gansxvavebuli, miseuli “saxiereba”.kulturis, enisa da cnobierebis urTierTkavSirisa daurTierTzemoqmedebis axal xedvas ukavSirdeba mravali samecnierodisciplinisa da mimarTulebis aRmoceneba da ganviTareba:eTnofsiqolingvistika, lingvokulturologia, kognituri lingvistika,kulturaTaSorisi komunikacia, lingvokonfliqtologia. es disciplinebiSeiswavlian kulturuli faseulobebis erTobliobas, metyvelebiswarmoqmnisa da aRqmis komunikaciur procesebs, enobrivi pirovnebisgamocdilebas, nacionalur cnobierebas, “samyaros enobriv suraTs”,kulturaTaSoris urTierTobisas SesaZlo konfliqtur situaciebsa damaTi Tavidan acilebis gzebs.lingvokulturologiur gamokvlevebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobaeniWeba eTnikuri cnobierebis gamovlenasTan dakavSirebul masalisanalizs. am TvalsazrisiT uaRresad sainteresoalingvokulturologiuri stereotipebis ganxilva,romlebic enobriviniSnisa da kulturuli Sinaarsis Tavisebur simbiozs warmoadgenen -“stereotipi aris istoriul erTobis mier samyaros Secnobis procesSimiRebuli informaciis aRqmis ,filtraciis da interpretaciis nimuSi,romelic winare socialur gamocdilebas efuZneba “ lstereotipebi damaxasiaTebelia adamianis moRvaweobis yvelasferosaTvis,maT Soris enobrivisTvisac.am ukanasknelisTvisniSandoblivia is funqciebi,romlebic ZiriTadia stereotipebisformirebisTvis- kumulaciuri funqcia,normatiuloba,ekonomiurobistendencia,mniSvnelobis universaloba da sxva. enis saSualebiT aisaxebakulturul-socialuri gamocdileba ,romelic enobrivi saSualebebiTfiqsirdeba.stereotipebi gansxvavebuli saxiT arseboben da verbaluri da4

araverbaluri formiT SeiZleba iyvnen warmodgenilni. enobrivstereotipebi SeiZleba sityvis,frazeologizmis,paremiis da TviT teqstissaxiT iyos warmodgenili. cxovrebiseuli situaciebis gameorebadobamwarmoSva Sablonuri frazebis mTeli wyeba,romelmac litereturaSimiiRo saxelwodeba –“stereotipuli gamonaTqvamebi “,”kliSe”,“urTierTobis myari erTeulebi”, „frazeologizirebuli erTeulebi“„idiomebi“ da a.S.. frazeologizirebuli erTeulebis warmoqmna enispragmatikiTaa ganpirobebuli,romelic komunikaciazea orientirebuli dastandartis moTxovnilebas warmoqmnis.TviT iseTi enis virtualyrierTeuli,rogoricaa sityva leqsikaSi warmoadgens stereotips,romelicasaxavs adamianis gamocdilebis ganzogadebas,romelic kondensirebuliaminimalur enobriv niSanSi.enis kumulaciuri funqcia axocielebs kavSirs TaobaTa ASoris dawarmoadgens araenobrivi koleqtiuri gamocdilebis gadmocemissaSualebas da vlindeba sxvadasxva donis enobrivi erTeulebis saxiT.,modelebi, romlebic erT kompleqsSi aerTianeben enobriv da kulturulmniSvnelobebs lingvokulturemebad iwodebian,romelTa konkretulnairsaxeobas idiomebi ,kerZod , somaturi idiomebi warmoadgenen.sadisertacio naSromis aqtualoba uSualod dakavSirebuliaaRniSnul problematikasTan. inglisur da qarTul enebis somaturiidiomebis kulturaTaSorisi kvleva uaRresad mniSvnelovania kulturaTaeTnoenobrivi specifikis gaazrebisTvis . mocemuli enebis somaturiidiomebis lingvokulturologiur aspeqtSi kvleva SesaZleblobasiZleva aramarto gavacnobieroT maTi kategoriuli buneba, arameddinamikaSi davinaxoT enisa da kulturis urTierTqmedebis specifika ,rac erovnul-kulturul sivrceebis farglebSi vlindeba da moicavskulturis fenomenze erovnul-kulturuli Tanamegobrobis wevrTa yvelaarsebul da potenciurad SesaZlebel warmodgenas.winamdebare naSromis obieqts warmoadgens eTnoenobrivi markirebisiseTi saSualeba,rogoricaa ,idiomi,kerZod ,somaturi idiomi, -romlebSicaisaxeba Sesabamis enaTa msoflxedva. aRniSnul universalur movlenaSispecifikur erovnuli realiebis gamoyofa saSualebas gvaZlevsgamovavlinoT fsiqologiuri kanonzomierebebi, romlebic uSualozegavlenas axdenen enis formirebasa da ganviTarebaze. enis leqsikamWidrod ukavSirdeba sazogadoebriv cnobierebas da xalxis yofasgamoxatavs. masSi vlindeba TviT ena da leqsikuri konstantebi kisxvadasxva saSualebebiT aisaxeba nebismier enaSi. somaturifrazeologia gvevlineba universalur kategoriad da ara marto yvelaenaSi arsebobs, aramed mniSvnelovnad didi adgili uWiravsfrazeologiur fondSi. (G.Lacoff.. 2003).sxvadasxva enebis frazeologiur erTeulebis msgavseba dagansxvaveba ganpirobebulia enebis ganviTarebis saerTo da specifikurikanonzomierebebiT.naSromis aqtualoba dakavSirebulia sakvlev masalaSi5

swored iseTi erTeulebis gamovlenasTan ,romlebic erovnulimentalobis manifestacias warmoadgenen,rac saSualebas mogvcemsSeviswaloT somaturi idiomebis buneba da vaCvenoT somaturi idiomebiszogierTi Tavisebureba inglisursa da qarTul enebSi maTiSepirispirebiTi analizis safuZvelze.naSromis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens erTi mxriv, somaturiidiomebis lingvokulturilogiuri da meore mxriv, SepirispirebiTiinterpretacia inglisur da qarTul enebSi, agreTve sakvlev masalaSimsgavsi da gansxvavebuli somaturi idiomebis Zieba da maTi realizaciisenobriv da socialur Taviseburebebze dakvirveba, somaturi leqsikissistemuri, analizi mocemuli lingvokulturebis farTo konteqstSi.kvlevis xsenebuli miznebidan gamomdinare, naSromSi dasaxulia daetapobrivad gadaWrilia Semdegi konkretuli amocanebi:1) gansazRvrulia somaturi idiomebis kategoriuli buneba;2) gamovlenilia somatizmebis Semcveli idiomebi inglisur daqarTul enebSi;3) ganxorcielebulia somatizmebis kontrastuli funqciursemantikurianalizi inglisuri da qarTul enebis idiomebisstruqturaSi;4)gamovlenilia ori enis frazeologizmebs Soris arsebuliekvivalenturobis mizezebi da misi ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi;5) warmoCenilia somaturi idiomebis nominaciis erT-erTi modeli;6) ganxorcielebulia specifikuri kolokvialuri somaturiidiomebis struquruli analizi;kvlevis meTodologiuri safuZvelia: qarTvel da ucxoel mecnierTaSromebi semantikisa da leqsikis (g. lebaniZe, n. kirvaliZe, S. kobaxiZe, i.d. apresiani, v. g. gaki, a. veJbickaia, v. humboldti, e. sepiri, b. l. uorfi),enisa da kulturis (e. m. vereSCagini, i. n. karulovi, i.m. lotmani, v. n.Telia); SepirispirebiTi da kulturaTSorisi komuniaciis (n.v. ufimceva,R.Lado), paralingvisturi da araverbaluri semiotikis (g.v. kolSanski, b.a.uspenski, R.L. Bridwhistell, D.Efron, P. Ekman, W. Friesen, E.T. Hall, G.L. Trager) dargSi.naSromSi dasmul amocanaTa gadasaWrelad gamoyenebul iqna SemdegimeTodebi:kulturologiuri analizi; dakvirvebis meTodi; pragmalingvisturianalizis meTodi;semantikuri interpretaciis meTodi;socialur-konteqstualuri analizi;intencionaluri interpretaciis meTodi;kompleqsuri da SepirispirebiTi analizi, romelic uaRresadfaseulia, rogorc Teoriuli, ise praqtikuli amocanebis gadasaWrelad..mocemuli kvlevis empiriul masalad gamoyenebulia inglisuri daqarTuli somaturi idiomebi, romelebic amokrebilia Sesabamisi enebisfrazeologiuri, sityvaTwarmoebiTi da aseve orenovani da ganmartebiTi6

leqsikonebidan. somaturi idiomebis Targmani ZiriTadad Sesrulebuliaorenovan leqsikonebze dayrdnobiT.sakvlevi Temis aqtualoba ganpirobebulia Semdegi faqtorebiT:• frazeologiis roliT da adgiliT ama Tu im enaSi da misiaxal lingvokulturul paradigmaSi interptretaciis aucileblobiT;• frazeologiis intratipologiuri klasifikaciisarasrulfasovnebiT,romlis struqturaSi zustad ar aris gansazRvruliidiomis,rogorc gansakuTrebuli enobrivi erTeulis statusi,miT umetes,misi iseTi nairsaxeobisa,rogoricaa somaturi idiomebi ;• somaturi idiomebis erovnul konceftosferosTan mimarTebisgacnobierebis TvalsazrisiT.naSromis samecniero siaxle mdgomareobs somatur idiomTaCveneul gaazrebaSi, rac gamovlinda SemdegSi:1. somaturi idiomis cnebis dazustebaSi;2 konkretuli empiriul masalis SerCevisadmi midgomaSi;3 frazeostruqturaSi somaturi elementebis funqciursemantikuripragmatikis gansazRvraSi ;4. frazeologiuri erTeulebis jgufebisa metyvelebis nawilebiskorelaciis SeswavlaSi;5. somaturi idiomebis universaluri da erovnul-specifikuriniSnebis gamovlenaSi inglisursa da qarTul enebSi da ama Tu imgansxvavebebis lingokulturologiur interpretaciaSi.sadisertacio naSromis Teoriuli mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs,rom igi gansazRvravs somaturi idiomebis lingvokulturologiurstatuss da SesaZlebelia enobrivi stereotipebis kvlevis Sesabamisnawils daedos safuZvlad.naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba imiT, rom kvlevisSedegebi SeiZleba saintereso iyos enaTa tipologiis TvalsazrisiT.masSi Tavmoyrili enobrivi masala da da kvlevis Sedegebi SesaZlebeliagamoyenebuliqnaslingvokulturologiaSi,TargmanTmcodneobaSi,eTnolingvistikaSi,inglisuri enis praqtikul kursebsa da seminarebze. naSromSi Catarebulikvleva aseve mniSvnelovania somaturi idiomebis Camoyalibebisa daganviTarebis zogadi analizisaTvis da meores mxriv inglisur daqarTul enebSi msgavsi da gansxvavebuli somaturi idiomebisrealizaciis enobrivi da socialuri faqtorebis gansazRvrisaTvis.naSromis struqturas gansazRvravs kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi. igiSedgeba Sesavlisa da sami Tavisa (pirvel TavSi aris ori paragrafi,meoreSi – sami da mesameSi – ori) da daskvnisagan. Tan erTvisgamoyenebuli samecniero literaturis sia. danarTis saxiT mocemulia7

inglisuri da qarTuli somaturi idiomebi da inglisur-qarTulisomaturi idiomebis leqsikoni.SesavalSi dasabuTebulia sakvlevi problemis arCevani,gansazRvrulia kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi, xazgasmulia naSromisaqtualoba da mecnieruli siaxle, misi Teoriuli da praqtikulimniSvneloba da warmodgenilia naSromis mokle Sinaarsi TavebismixedviT.pirvel TavSi warmodgenilia zogadad enisa da kulturis enobrivifesvebis problema. ganxilulia sxvadasxva cnobil mecnierTamosazrebebi metyvelebaSi idiomaturi gamoTqmebis sixSireze da maTTandakavSirebul sirTuleebze. dasabuTebulia cocxali enis, xalxurisityvaTxmarebis Seswavlis aucilebloba. kerZod, ratom iTvlebasomaturi idiomebi da zogadad idiomebi enis SemswavleleTavis yvelazedid problemad da axdens Tu ara gavlenas enis siwmindeze maTigamoyenebis sixSireze.idiomebi Tavisebur lingvokulturologiurstereotipebad ganixilieba,romlebic “ arian adamianis TavSi arsebulimowesrigebuli da kulturiT determinirebuli samyarossuraTebi,romlebic,erTi mxriv, zogaven mis Zalisxmevas rTulisocialuri obieqtebis aRqmisas da,meore mxriv, icaven misRirebulebebs,pozicias da uflebebs (Липпман У., 1922, 21). sociologiurimecnierebis “resursebis dazogvis Teoriis”mixedviT stereotipizaciisprocesi iZleva SesaZleblobas uzrunvelyos individebi informaciismaqsimumiT minimaluri inteleqtualuri aqtivobis pirobebSi .rogorcprofesori macumoto aRniSnavs – “stereotipebi uZvirfasesi mentalurisayredenia ,romelid gvexmareba samyaros Sesaxeb informaciisorganizaciaSi” (Мацумото, 2002, 11).meore TavSi `somaturi elementebi frazeologiur erTeulebSi"eTmoba frazeologias, rogorc leqsikologiis yvelaze sainteresonawils da axal-axali kanonzomierebebis Secnobas, romlebicdamaxasasiaTebelia am enobrivi sistemisaTvis, agreTve frazeologiiskvlevis meTodebis dazustebas. detalurad aris ganxiluli nominacia damisi saxeebi da dasabuTebulia, rom igi warmoadgens somaturi idiomebisgamovlenis erT-erT models.8

mesame TavSi - `specifiuri kolokvialuri somaturi idiomebisfunqciobis kanonzomierebebi” miCneulia, rom somaturi idiomebis zogadibuneba erTnairia inglisur da qarTul enebSi, Tumca maTi konkretulijgufebi am or enaSi met-naklebad gansxvavebulia, rac ganpirobebuliaTviToeuli enis Ekonceftosferos specifikiT.daskvna warmoadgens mTliani Temis Sejamebas da sadisertacionaSromSi dasmuli problebis analizi ganxilulis safuZvelzeCamoyalibebulia kvlevis zogad SedegebSi.9

Tavi Iena da kultura1.1 enisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTebaenisa da kulturis mimarTebis problema mravali mecnieris -lingvistTa, fsiqologTa, kulturologTa, sazogadoebaTmcodneTayuradRebas ipyrobda. am sakiTxs Seiswavlidnen T.i. buslaevi, e.m.vereSragini, v.g. kostomarovi, e. sepiri, b. uorfi, k. levi - strosi, k.paiki, s. legi da sxv. Seqmnilia mravali monografia, romlebSicsainteresod aris warmodgenili lingvokulturologiur movlenaTaarsi, Tumca aris mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa, romlebic monografiulSeswavla-damuSavebas saWiroebs.aRniSnuli problemis sirTules ganapirobebs is faqtic, rommecnierebTa Soris arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi TviT `enisa" da`kulturis" cnebaTa Sesaxeb. am cnebebis daaxloebiT 200 ganmartebaarsebobs. enis arsi, misi buneba Cveulebriv ganixileba funqcionaluri,sistemur-struqturuli, SedarebiT-istoriuli enaTmecnierebis,lingvosemiotikis, fsiqolingvstikis, sociolingvistikis dapragmalingvistikis poziciebidan. enisa da kulturis implicidurikavSirebis warmosaCenad metad produqtiulad warmogvidgebainformaciul-moRvaweobiTi midgoma kulturis gagebisadmi. aseTi midgomaaRiniSneba e.s. markarianis, i.m. lotmanis, e.v. sokolovis, e.i. kukuSkinisada sxv. SromebSi. kulturis gansazRvrebebi, romlebic warmodgeniliamaT naSromebSi orientirebulia mis genetikur da funqcionalurkavSirebze enobriv mimarTebasTan.enis gansakuTrebuli roli kulturasTan mimarTebaSiganpirobebulia imiT, rom igi kulturis arsebobis, gacnobierebisa daganviTarebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa. swored ena warmoadgens kulturismier misi iseTi ZiriTadi funqciebis ZiriTad pirobas da saSualebas,rogoricaa: a) garesamyaros asaxva da Secvla; b) komunikaciuri(socialurad mniSvnelovani informaciis gacvla); g) samyaros suraTis10

enobrivi modelireba; d) komulaciuri (informaciis dagroveba daSenaxva); e) regulaciuri (adamianTa sazogadoebaSi qcevismaregulirebeli), v) direqciuli, anu zemoqmedebiT; z) adaptiuri.enisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTebis problematikasTandakavSirebiT farTo gavrceleba hpova v. humboldtis ideebma, romlismosazrebebiT, ena warmoadgens `xalxis suls", xalxis yofierebas.Kkultura, upirveles yovlisa, enaSi vlindeba. igi kulturis WeSmaritirealobaa, kulturis mxridan ki igi fiqsirebuli Sexedulebaa sakuTarTavsa da samyaroze.ena aris erTaderTi saSualeba, romelsac SeuZlia dagvexmaros, raTaCavwvdeT mentalobis Cvengan dafarul sferos, radgan igi gansazRvravssamyaros dayofa-danawevrebis wess ama Tu im kulturaSi. igimogviTxrobs adamianze iseT rames, rasac adamiani mis gareSe ver xvdeba.v. humboldti werda,rom enis Seswavla ar warmoadgens TviTmizans, yveladanarCen sferosTan erTad igi emsaxureba saerTo umaRles mizans -kacobriobis mier sakuTari Tavis da yvelaferi xilulisadmi Tu misgandafarulisadmi sakuTari damokidebulebis Secnobas (Гумболдьт 1984).rogorc v. levi - strosi aRniSnavda ena erTdroulad kulturisproduqticaa, misi umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilic da kulturisarsebobis pirobac, ufro metic, ena kulturis arsebobis specifikurisaSualeba, kulturuli kodebis formirebis faqtoria (Леви-Строс 1995).kultura ayalibebs da awesrigebs enobrivi pirovnebis azrs,ayalibebs enobriv kategoriebs da konceptebs. kulturis Seswavla enismeSveobiT - es aris idea, romelic `haerSi trialebda" bolo wlebSi. amsaerTo ganwyobis fonze, XX saukunis dasasruls lingvistikaSi miRebuliqna Semdegi postulati: ena ara marto dakavSirebulia kulturasTan, igigamomdinareobs, aRmocendeba mis wiaRSi da gamoxatavs mas. igierTdroulad warmoadgens kulturis Seqmnis, ganviTarebisa da Senaxvis(teqstebis saxiT) iaraRsac da mis nawilsac, imitom, rom swored enismeSveobiT iqmneba materialuri da sulieri kulturis realuri,obieqturad arsebuli nawarmoebebi.nebismieri kultura warmoadgens process da cvlilebis Sedegs.sxvadasxva xalxis kultura gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, upirveles11

yovlisa, samyaros mimarT aqtiuri qceviTi reaqciiT. subieqtismoRvaweoba samyaroSi emyareba wesebs, kanonebs, romlebic kulturidanmomdinareobs. sxvadasxva xalxs gansxvavebul bunebriv da istoriulpirobebSi uwevs cxovreba, ris gamoc maT uyalibdebaT samyarosspecifikuri, gansxvavebuli xedva, aRqma da asaxva enis meSveobiT. ararsebobs `zogadad" kultura, radganac kultura asaxavs konkretulieris socialuri praqtikis specifikur Taviseburebebs. arsebobsinglisuri kultura, qarTuli kultura, franguli, germanuli, rusulida a.S. TiToeul kulturaze saubrisas gamoyofen mis specifikur,gansakuTrebul niSan-Tvisebebs, romlebic mWidro kavSirSia xalxis, erisistoriul, geografiul, ekonomikur cxovrebasTan, mis mentalitetTan,sulierebasTan.kultura-mentalobis nawilia; aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZliaCamovayaliboT aseTi mimarTeba: ar arsebobs kulturaSi araferi, rasacar moicavs adamianis mentaloba. ena - swored is saSualebaa, romliswyalobiTac mentaloba warmoqmnis kulturul fenomenebs. mentalobismTeli Sinaarsi (cnobieri da aracnobieri, eqsplicituri daimplicituri), iZens Tavis materialuri gamoxatvis unars, romelic yvelaadamianisTvis gasagebi, `xelmisawvdomia", mxolod semiozisisa dakodifikaciis procesSi, konkretuli eTnosis niSanTa sistemisfarglebSi. xolo nebismieri nacionaluri kulturis semiotikurisistemis kods da birTvs swored eTnikuri ena warmoadgens. igi aris arakulturis aRweris saSualeba, aramed `TviT kulturis niSnobrivikvintencia" ( Пелепенко, Яковенко 1998).radgan kultura situaciuri azrovnebis CarCoebSi yalibdeba daarsebobs, romelic mibmulia gansazRvrul droze, adgilze movlenasa damTlianad gamocdilebaze, amitom ena - kulturis arsebobis bunebrivigaremoa. swored ena uzrunvelyofs mis matarebelTa urTierTgagebis,maTi komunikaciuri orientaciis formirebis safuZvels. am TvalsazrisiTena warmoadgens kulturis erTgvari simboluri organizebis saSualebas.gansakTrebul kulturologiur mniSvnelobas lingvosemiotikaSi iZenssocialuri gamocdilebis ganzogadebis, Senaxvisa da gadacemis ZiriTadiSinaarsobrivi erTeuli - mniSvneloba (farTo, filosofiuri gagebiT).12

mniSvneloba SeiZleba iyos enobrivi da araenobrivic - kogniturierTeulebi SeiZleba inaxebodes Cven gamocdilebaSi verbilizaciisgareSec. aseTi araverbalizebuli implicituri erTeulebi Cvenicnobierebis `naTeli mxaris" miRma imyofebian da amitom isinimentalitetis im nawils ganekuTvnebian, romelsac `aracnobieri ewodeba",erTobliobaSi isini warmoadgenen egreTwodebul kognitur cnobierebas.isini, cxadia, SeiZleba eqsplicituri gaxdnen, Tuki SeiZenen enobrivgaformebas.verbalizebuli kognituri erTeulebi warmoqmnian enobrivcnobierebas, romelic ar aris kognituri cnobierebis identuri. maTSoris sxvaoba gamovlenilia eqsperimentuli fsiqosimentikis mier.eTnokulturis azrobrivi sivrcis formirebasa da reprezentaciaSiorive tipis Sinaarsobrivi erTeulebi monawileoben: kogniturisemantikac da enobrivic.sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba Tavisi Camoyalibebis umaRles etapze enismeSveobiT yalibdeba da fiqsirdeba. ufro metic, amis gareSe ena verSeasrulebda Tavis umniSvnelovanes kognitur-diskursiul-funqcias.Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSiazrovnebis sxvadasxva tipi monawileobs - praqtikuli, verbalur-cnebiTi,reducirebuli da a.S. (a.a. serebrenkovi), da maT Soris, lingvokreatiuli.saboloo jamSi yalibdeba egreT wodebuli samyaros konceptualurisuraTi.samyaros konceptualuri suraTis calkeuli fragmentebisa daelementebis SemoqmedebiTi interpretacia, maTi struqturuliurTierTkavSirebis gaazreba xdeba enobrivi cnobierebis doneze,romelic ayalibebs samyaros enobriv suraTs.enaSi asaxvas poulobs adamianis SemoqmedebiTi (SemecnebiTi)moRvaweobis mTeli mravalferovneba, romlis Sedegebi mkvidrdeba enaSi;enaSi aisaxeba im pirobebis usasrulo mravalferovneba, romlebSic xdebaadamianis mier cnobebis, codnis dagroveba samyaros Sesaxeb - xalxisbunebrivi Taviseburebebi, misi sazogadoebrivi mowyoba, istoriuli bedi,cxovrebiseuli praqtika (e. koseriu) - yvelaferi, rac transmutaciuri13

saxiT, simboluri interpretaciiT warmoadgens nacionaluri lingvokulturis sagans. magaliTad, qarTuli idiomebi.`sisxls aiRebs", `sisxlis angariSs gaasworebs", `sisxli marTebs"warmoiqmna im uZvelesi tradiciis safuZvelze, romelic arsebobdasaqarTvelos erT-erT mxareSi - svaneTSi da gulisxmobda SurisZiebismizniT mtris gvaris mamakacis mokvlas. rusul enaSi arsebobs,magaliTad, frazeologizmi "гадать на бобах", romlis mniSvnelobacganimarteba rogorc nela saubari, yuradRebis gamaxvileba wvrilmanebze,Tavisi warmoSobiT ukavSirdeba Zvel tradicias - mkiTxaobas muxudosmarcvlebze, romlsac Tan axlda neli Txroba da romelic nela,xangrZlivi drois manZilze mimdinareobda. kidev uamravi magaliTismoyvana SeiZleba imisa, Tu rogor aisaxeba frazeolgiur erTeulebSixalxis yofis, istoriis, tradiciebisa Tu wesCveulebaTa Taviseburebebi.kulturuli gavlenis safuZvelze Seqmnili somaturi idiomebizogadad mcire doziT mogvewodeba. nebismier enaSi adgili aqvs iseTSemTxvevebs, rodesac zogierTi somaturi komponenti konkretuladasaxavs eris kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebel normebsa da wes-Cveulebebs.am debulebis samarTlianobas zemoT moyvanili magaliTebi adasturebenda es debuleba gansakuTrebiT samarTliania Semdegi somatizmebisTvisac.magaliTad: ulvaSebis moparsva; fui Sens ulvaSs;es ulvaSi ara mqondes; es ulvaSi ara msxmia;es ulvaSi momparseT Tu...; es ulvaSi ZaRlisa iyos;ulvaSze xelis gadasma; ulvaSi ara mqondes zed;ulvaSi mrude maqvso; ulvaSi nu msxia;ulvaSis aweva; ulvaSSi CafurTxeba;ulvaSic imaT esxaT da namusis qudic imaT exuraT;es somaturi idiomebi mxolod qarTveli eris kulturisaTvis arisdamaxasiaTebeli. vinaidan cnobilia, rom ulvaSi qarTveli eriskulturaSi vaJkacobisa da sindisis simbolod aRiqmeboda. msgavsisomaturi idiomebis nimuSebi sxva erebis kulturaSi ar moipoveba. enaSisrulyofilad da adekvaturad aisaxeba eris kulturis ganviTareba.sxvadasxva xalxis kulturisa da enis urTierTSepirispirebisas14

verasodes aRmovaCenT sruliad erTsa da imave SemTxvevebs, TumcaSesaZloa wavawydeT nawilobriv damTxvevebs, xolo gansxvaveba erovnulielementebisa TiToeuli enisaTvis Zalian Taviseburia, rasackulturologiuri momenti gansazRvravs.amgvari magaliTebis analizi imas mowmobs, rom kogniturcnobierebasTan erTad yalibdeba enobrivi cnobierebac. Tukisazogadoebrivi cnobierebis pirveli forma axdens enciklopediuricodnis integrirebas, misi meore forma - enobrivi cnobiereba - iyenebsverbalizebul codnas, romelic axdens kognituri cnobierebisSesabamisi elementebis aqtivizacias. amis Sedegad xdeba kognituricnobierebis elementTa transformireba enobriv presupoziciebad,romlebic saboloo jamSi gadaizrdebian enobrivi semantikis kulturulpragmatulkomponentebad. aseTi transmutaciuri procesebis Sedegadyalibdeba yvela nacionaluri kulturisaTvis specifikuri artefaqtebi -enobrivi saxeebi, simboloebi, niSnebi, romlebic Seicaven mTelieTnokulturuli erTobis evristikuli moRvaweobis Sedegebs (Алифренко).saxe (xati) rogorc samyaros aRqmisa da gagebis produqti -cnobierebis kategoriaa. rodesac igi CarTulia sametyvelo procesSi, igienobriv saxed iqceva da ukve enobrivi cnobierebis kategoriiskonteqstSi iZens axal asociaciur mimarTulebebs, romlebicaucilebelia nacionaluri kulturis ama Tu im fenomenis enobrivimodelirebisaTvis, samyaros enobrivi suraTis formirebisaTvissaxeobrivi warmodgenebis saxiT.nacionaluri kultura Sedis dialogSi sxva nacionalurkulturebTan da zogjer kulturaTa aseTi Sexvedris, kontaqtis drosikveTeba ama Tu im erovnuli kulturis zogierTi iseTi Tviseba,romelzec manamde yuradReba ar gaumaxvilebiaT. m.m. baxtini amasTandakavSirebiT werda, rom Cven ucxo kulturas vusvamT axal kiTxvebs,romlebic mas adre ar dausvams sakuTari TavisTvis, Cven masSi veZebTpasuxs am Cvens kiTxvebze, da ucxo kultura gvpasuxobs, warmogviCens raTavis mxareebs, axal Sinaarsobriv sirRmeebs (Бахтин 1979; 335). kulturaTaurTierTobis es kanonzomiereba gansakuTrebul interess warmoadgens.Zalze aqtualuri SepirispirebiTi kvlevebia, romlebic miznad isaxavs15

sxvadasxva enaSi leqsikuri sistemis ama Tu im monakveTislingvokulturologiuri specifikis gamovlenas. swored aseT kvlevaswarmoadgens mocemuli naSromi. Seswavlis obieqtad arCeuliafrazeologizmebi somaturi komponentiT inglisur da qarTul enebSi.enis frazeologiuri fondi warmoadgens umdidres wyaros xalxiskulturisa da mentalitetis Sesaxeb, frazeologiur erTeulebSidafiqsirebulia xalxis warmodgenebi miTebze, wes-Cveulebebze,ritualebze, Cvevebze, moralze, qcevaze da a.S. isini yovelTvis asaxavenxalxis Sexedulebebs, sazogadoebriv wyobas, epoqis ideologias.frazeologiuri erTeulebis SepirispirebiT kvlevis procesSiyuradRebis centrSi eqceva is specifikuri konotaciebi, romlebicgaaCnia ama Tu im frazeologizms mocemul enebSi. zogierTi mecnierimagaliTad, v.n. Telia miiCnevs, rom swored kulturuli konotacia arisis kategoria, romelic akavSirebs erTmaneTTan enas da kulturas daiZleva maTi urTierTmimarTebis aRweris saSualebas.sakiTxi imis Taobaze, Tu rogor xorcieldeba kavSiri enasa danacionalur kulturas Soris, sxvadasxva mecnieris miersxvadasxvagvarad wydeba. kerZod, aseTi `makavSireblis" rolSi xannacionalur-kulturuli komponentia dasaxelebuli (Верещчагин,Костомаров), xan fonuri codna (i.a. sorokini), xan ki kulturulikonotacia (v.n. Telia). aseTi kulturiT markirebuli konotaciawarmoiqmneba, rogorc frazeologiuri erTeulis an metaforisasociaciur-saxeobrivi bazis interpretaciis Sedegi kulturulnacionaluretalonebTan da stereotipebTan Sedarebis meSveobiT.frazeologiuri erTeulebis interpretaciiT asociaciursaxeobriviaRqmis Sesadareblad im stereotipebTan, romlebic asaxavenxalxis mentalitets, iZleva saSualebas gamovavlinoT maTi kulturulnacionalurikonotaciis Sinaarsi.frazeologiuri erTeulis, idiomis, Sinaarsibrivi da kulturulikonotaciebi TviTon iqcevian codnad, anu kognituri aTvisebis wyarod.swored amitom frazeologizmebi da sityvebi, anu saxeobrivadmotivirebuli sityvebi iqcevian kulturuli niSnebis eqsponantebad.16

atom xdeba rom frazeologiuri erTeulebi, romlebic enis aSkaraanomaliebs, misi araregulirobis gamovlinebas warmoadgenen, saukuneTamanZilze arseboben enaSi da yvela epoqaSi isev da isev warmoiqmnebaaxali frazeologizmebi? lingvokulturologiuri gamokvlevebisTeoriul debulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT am kiTxvas SeiZleba gaeces aseTipasuxi: imitom, rom frazeologizmebi warmoadgenen kulturuliinformaciis `naRebs", isini iZlevian bevri ramis Tqmis saSualebasenobriv saSualebaTa ekonomiis gziT ise, rom amavdroulad wvdebianxalxis sulis, kulturis siRrmeebs.kultura am niSnebSi maTi semantikis asociaciur-saxeobrivisafuZvlis meSveobiT aRwevs da interpretacias Rebulobs saxeTakavSirebis gamovleniT im stereotipebTan, etalonebTan, simboloebTan,miTologemebTan, prototipul situaciebsa da sxva amgvar niSnebTan,romlebic damaxasiaTebelia nacionaluri kulturisaTvis. sworednacionalur enaSi damkvidrebul saxeTa sistema warmoadgens bunebrivenaSi kulturuli informaciis koncentrirebis zonas.amrigad, ama Tu im kulturul kodTan mimarTeba warmoadgenskulturul-nacionaluri konotaciis Sinaarss. konotaciebis warmoqmnismeqanizmebi ukavSirdeba mniSvnelobis calkeuli aspeqtebis gaZlierebas,rac xSirad sityvis mkafio Sinagani formis xarjze xdeba, romlisbazazec warmoiqmneba gansakuTrebiT stabiluri asociaciebi. asociaciebiwarmoqmnian motivaciur safuZvels konotaciebisaTvis.konotaciebSi realizebulia enis nominaciuri sistemis potenciuriresursebi, radganac konotaciur sityvas aqvs unari ara martowarmoqmnas siRrmiseuli Sinaarsi, aramed SeinarCunos igi, daamkvidrosenaSi. swored am Tvisebis gamo konotaciuri sityvebi ganapirobebenkulturul-nacionaluri enobrivi suraTis fons.enisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTebis problemisadmi amJamadmecnierebaSi sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba Camoyalibda.pirveli mimarTuleba (filosofosebi: s.a. atanovski, g.a. brutiani,e.i. kukuSkini, e.s. markariani) SemdegSi mdgomareobs: enisa da kulturisurTierTkavSiri warmoadgens moZraobas erTi mimarTulebiT; radgan ena17

asaxavs sinamdviles, xolo kultura - am sinamdvilis ganuyofelikomponentia, amitom ena - ubralod kulturis gamoxatuleba, misi asaxvaa.sinamdvilis Secvla iwvevs kulturul-nacionaluri stereotipebis,TviT enis Secvlas. erT-erTi mcdeloba imisa, rom pasuxi gascemodakiTxvas kulturis calkeuli fragmentebis (sferoebis) gavlenis Sesaxebenis funqcionirebaze dasrulda praRis skolis funqcionaluristilistikisa da Tanamedrove sociolingvistikis CamoyalibebiT.amrigad, Tuki enaze kulturis zemoqmedeba sruliad aSkaraa(swored is Seiswavleba pirvel mimarTulebaSi), kulturaze eniszemoqmedebis sakiTxi jer-jerobiT Riad rCeba. swored es warmoadgensenisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTebis problemisadmi meore midgomisarss.jer kidev XIX saukuneSi v. humboldts, a.a. potebnias da sxvamecnierebs ena miaCndaT sulier Zalad. ena- iseTi garemoa, romlis miRmada romlis monawileobis gareSe Cven ver viarsebebT. rogorc v.humboldti werda, ena aris `samyaro, romelic arsebobs gare movlenebisada adamianis Sinagan samyaros Soris". rogorc Cveni yofis, Cveniarsebobis garemo, ena ar arsebobs Cvens miRma, Cvens gareSe rogorcobieqturi moculoba, es TviTon CvenSi, Cvens cnobierebaSi, CvensmexsierebaSia; igi icvleba Cveni azrovnebis SecvlasTan erTad, yoveliaxali socialur-kulturuli rolis SeZenasTan erTad.meore midgomis farglebSi ikvlevdnen am problemas e. sepirisa dab. uorfis skolebi - neohumboldtianelTa gansxvavebuli skolebi,romlebmac SeimuSaves egreTwodebuli lingvisturi fardobiTobishipoTeza. am hipoTezas safuZvlad udevs Sexeduleba, rom adamianebisxvadasxvagvarad xedaven samyaros - sakuTari mSobliuri enis WrilSi.misi momxreebisTvis realuri samyaro arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igiaisaxeba enaSi. magram Tuki ena asaxavs sinamdviles mxolod misTvisdamaxasiaTebeli wesiT, Sesabamisad, enebi gansxvavdebian `samyarosenobrivi suraTebiT".sepir-uorfis hipoTezis ZiriTadi debulebebia: 1. ena ganapirobebsmasze molaparake xalxis azrovnebis wess. 2. realuri samyaros Secnobis18

wesi damokidebulia imaze, Tu romel enaze azrovneben Semecnebissubieqtebi.am hipoTezam Semdgomi ganviTareba hpova l. vaisgerberis SromebSi,mis koncefciaSi, romlis Tanaxmadac ena warmoadgens `Sualedursamyaros", romelic arsebobs obieqtur sinamdvilesa da cnobierebasSoris. `ena moqmedebs sulieri cxovrebis yvela sferoSi, rogorcSemoqmedi Zala".zogierTi avtoris naSromebSi lingvisturi fardobiTobishipoTezam Tanamedrove aqtualuri saxe miiRo. pirvel rigSi, d.olfordis, je. verolis, d. haimsisa da sxva avtorTa naSromebSi, sadacsepir-uorfis koncefciam mniSvnelovani Sevseba hpova. d. haimsmaSemoitana, magaliTad, enebis funqcionaluri fardobiTobis kidev erTiprincipi, romlis Tanaxmadac enebs Soris arsebobs gansxvaveba maTkomunikaciur funqciaTa xasiaTSi.unda aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs rigi seriozuli naSromebisa, sadaclingvisturi fardobiTobis hipoTeza mkveTrad aris gakritikebuli.magaliTad, b.a. serebrenikovi Tavis uaryofiT damokidebulebas amhipoTezebis mimarT Semdegi debulebebiT asabuTebs: 1) cnebaTa wyaroebswarmoadgenen garesamyaros sagnebi da movlenebi nebismieri ena TavisgenezisSi warmoadgens adamianis mier garesamyaros asaxvis rezultats,da ara Zalas, romelic samyaros qmnis; 2) ena warmoadgens ZiriTadinstruments, romlis meSveobiTac Cven SevimecnebT kulturas; 3) ena -kulturis umniSvnelovanesi movlenaa, radgan Tuki Cven gvsurs gavigoTkulturis arsi - mecniereba, religia, literatura, maSin Cven undaganvixiloT es movlenebi, rogorc kodebi, romelTa formireba xdebaenis msgavsad, radganac bunebriv enas yvelaze kargad damuSavebulimodeli gaaCnia. amitom kulturis konceptualuri gaazreba mxolodbunebrivi enis meSveobiT aris SesaZlebeli (Серебреников 1993).Tanamedrove mecnierebis interesis sagans warmoadgens ukve araubralod adamiani, aramed pirovneba, anu konkretuli adamiani,cnobierebis, enis matarebeli, romelsac gaaCnia rTuli Sinagani samyaroda garkveuli damokidebuleba bedisadmi, gare samyarosadmi, sakuTariTavisadmi, mas gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia samyaroSi, igi gamudmebiT19

Sedis dialogSi samyrosTan, sakuTar TavTan da sxva adamianebTan.adamiani - socialuri arsebaa, masSi `adamianuri" warmoiqmneba misicxovrebis Sedegad sazogadoebis pirobebSi, kacobriobis mier Seqmnilikulturis pirobebSi. adamianis cxovreba mTeli misi TaviseburebebiT,imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom igi sazogadoebis wevria, xolo esTaviseburebebi sxvadasxvagvari aspeqtebiT aisaxeba, amitom swored maTiurTierTdamokidebuleba gansazRvravs, amaTu im eris kulturas.,,kultura aris is, rasac adamiani iTvisebs, rogorc sazogadoebis wevri’’(gamyreliZe 2003; 462)enisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTebas ikvlevs eTnolingvistika.dargi, romelic kulturis, xalxis fsiqologiis, miTologiis kvlevisasiyenebs lingvistur meTodebs. eTnolingvistikis interesTa sferosganekuTvneba agreTve kavSirebi, romlebic enis funqcionirebisa daevoluciis procesSi myardeba enobriv, eTnokulturul daeTnofsiqologiur faqtorebs Soris.enis frazeologiaSi did rols asrulebs adamianis faqtori;frazeologiuri erTeulebis umetesoba semantikurad ukavSirdebaadamians, misi moRvaweobis sxvadasxva sferos, garda amisa, adamianicdilobs `adamianuri" niSan-Tvisebebi mianiWos garemosamyaros obieqtebs,maT Soris, usulosac. jer kidev S. bali amtkicebda, rom adamianisgonebis arasrulyofileba imaSic vlindeba, rom adamiani yovelTviscdilobs `gaasulieros" yvelaferi, rac misi irgvlivaa. mas ar ZaluZswarmoidginos, rom buneba mkvdari da usuloa; misi warmosaxva mudammiawers xolme garemosamyaros sagnebs im Tvisebebsa da miswrafebebs,romlebic misi pirovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli v. g. gaks mniSvnelovanikoreqtivi Seaqvs S. balis gamonaTqvamSi: `radgan adamianis yuradRebiscentrSi TviTon is imyofeba, aqedan momdinareobs misi mudmivi swrafva,aRweros garemosamyaro sakuTari Tavis msgavsad. enobrivianTropocentrizmi pirvelyofili azrovnebis gadmonaSTi ki ar aris,rogorc amas zogierTi filosofosi amtkicebs, aramed enaSi nominaciissaSualebaTa ganviTarebis zogadi kanonia". enobrivi anTropomorfizmiCveulebriv, moiazreba, rogorc adamianuri niSan-Tvisebebis miniWeba20

unebis, sagnebisa da movlenebisaTvis, ciuri sxeulebis, cxovelebis damiTologiuri arsebobisaTvis.anTropocentrizmi rogorc kvlevis principi, imaSi mdgomareobs, romsamecniero kvlevis obieqtebi pirvel rigSi Seiswavleba imis mixedviT,Tu ra rols asruleben isini adamianisaTvis, rogoria maTi funqciebiadamianis pirovnebis ganviTarebisa da srulyofisaTvis. adamiani iqcevaaTvlis wertilad ama Tu im movlenaTa analizis dros, igi CarTulia amanalizSi, gansazRvravs mis perspeqtivebsa da saboloo miznebs (Кубрякова1995).e.s. kubriakovas samarTlianad miaCnia, rom lingvistikas SeuZliaaxsnas Tavisi sakvlevi obieqti – ena, magram ara mxolod `sakuTarTavSi da sakuTari TavisTvis", aramed adamianisa da im samyaros ufroRrma axsna-gagebisaTvis, romelSic adamiani cxovrobs (Кубрякова 1995).amitom ena gamodis xan asaxsneli obieqtis, xan ki amxsneli subieqtisrolSi iseT fenomenebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa cnobiereba, azrovneba,sazogadoeba, kultura da sxv.ena - es aris is, rac kulturaSi adamianis arsebobis zedapirzeimyofeba, amitom me-19 saukunidan moyolebuli dRemde enisa da kulturisurTierTmimarTebis, urTierTmoqmedebis sakiTxi enaTmecnierebis erT-erTumniSvnelovanes problemas warmoadgens. am problemis gadawyvetispirveli mcdeloba ekuTvnis v. humboldts, romlis koncefciis ZiriTadidebulebebi SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnas Semdegi saxiT: 1) materialurida sulieri kultura aisaxeba enaSi; 2) nebismieri kultura ariserovnuli, misi erovnuli xasiaTi gamoixateba enaSi samyarosgansakuTrebuli xedvis meSveobiT; enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia TiToeulixalxisaTvis specifikuri Sinagani forma; 3) enis Sinagani formawarmoadgens xalxis sulis, misi kulturis gamoxatulebas; 4) enawarmoadgens Sualedur rgols adamiansa da mis garSemo arsebulsamyaros Soris. v. humboldtis koncefciam Taviseburi asaxva hpova a.a.potebnias, S. balis, J. vandriesis, i.a. boduen de kurtenes, r. o.iakobsonisa da sxva mecnierTa naSromebSi.mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom ena da sinamdvile struqturuladerTmaneTis msgavsni arian, jer kidev l. elmslevis mier iqna gamoTqmuli;21

igi aRniSnavda, rom enis struqtura SeiZleba gaigivdes sinamdvilisstruqturasTan, an aRebul iqnas rogorc misi met-naklebaddeformirebuli asaxva (Ельмеслев 1992).me-19 saukunis gamoCenil mecnierTa mier (v. humboldti, a.a. potebniada sxv.) ena moiazreboda rogorc sulieri Zala, rogorc garemo, romlisgareSec adamiani ar arsebobs; adamiani cxovrobs enis garemocvaSi,enobriv garemoSi. rogorc v. fon humboldti werda, ena aris samyaro,romelic arsebobs gare movlenaTa samyarosa da adamianis Sinagansamyaros Soris (Гумбольдт 1984).aqedan gamomdinare, ena ar arsebobs Cvens gareSe, rogorc obieqturimocemuloba, igi TviTon CvenSi, Cvens cnobierebaSi, Cvens mexsierebaSia;v.a. maslova wers, rom adamiani moiazreba rogorc garkveulierovnebis, mentalobisa da enis matarebeli, romelic monawileobserTobliv moRvaweobaSi erovnuli erTobis sxva warmomadgenlebTan(Мослова 1991).ena aris erTaderTi saSualeba, romelsac SeuZlia daexmaros adamiansadekvaturad aRiqvas samyaro. ,,v. Hhumboldti enas adamianis gonisumTavres moRvaweobad miiCnevs. (germ. Geist)Mmisi azriT, enis adekvaturiSeswavlisaTvis aucilebelia adamianis cnobierebasTan da azrovnebasTan,kulturasTan da sulier cxovrebasTan misi mWidro kavSirisgaTvaliswineba. humboldtisaTvis ena xalxis erTiani energiaa. igierovnuli formis mqone koleqtiuri movlenaa. amdenad, enobrivikoleqtivi humboldtis moZRvrebaSi erTdroulad socologiur dalingvistur cnebad gvevlineba” ( gamyreliZe 2003; 465).amrigad, ena warmoadgens kulturis Semadgenel nawils da misiaraRs, igi aris kulturis saxe; ena mkafiod gamoxatavs nacionalurimentalobis specifikur niSan-Tvisebebs.P22

1.2 kulturis gavlena enis ganviTarebaze dasamyaros enobrivi suraTiena warmoadgens kulturis translirebis ZiriTad saSualebas.adamianma, pirovnebam ama Tu im nacionaluri lingvokulturologiurierTobis wevrad Camoyalibebis gzaze unda gaiaros socializaciisprocesi, anu `civilizaciasTan Sezrdis gza" (Леонтьев 2001; 32). amprocesis arss Seadgens kulturis translireba; bavSvobidanve,pirovnebis socializaciis sawyis etapze, kulturis translireba xdebafolkloruli teqstebis, sabavSvo literaturis, Semdeg etiketuriformulirebis, frazeologizmebis, andazebis da sxv. meSveobiT. adamianiiTvisebs im erTeulebs, romlebic Sedian mocemuli sociumis kogniturbazaSi, warmoqmnian kulturuli sivrcis `birTvs", samyaros enobrivsuraTs.anTropologiur lingvistikaSi `samyaros suraTis" cnebisdamkvidrebam gamokveTa enasTan adamianis mimarTebis, zemoqmedebis oritipis arseboba, esenia: adamianis fsiqologiuri da sxva saxisTaviseburebaTa zemoqmedeba enis konstituciur Tvisebebze da samyarossxvadasxva suraTebis - religiur-miTologiuris, filosofiuris,mecnierulis, mxatvrulis - zemoqmedeba enaze.ena uSualod monawileobs or procesSi, romlebic ukavSirdebasamyaros suraTs. jer-erTi, mis wiaRSi yalibdeba samyaros enobrivisuraTi. meorec, TviTon ena asaxavs adamianis sxva samyaros suraTebs,axdens maT eqsplikacias. enis meSveobiT calkeul individTa mieruSualod gamocdilebis safuZvelze miRebuli codna iqceva koleqtiurgamocdilebad, koleqtiur sakuTrebad.samyaros enobrivi suraTi warmoadgens adamianTa cnobierebis enobrivasaxavas, amitom masSi mocemulia warmodgenebi samyaros Sesaxeb,romlebic damkvidrebulia adamianTa konkretul erTobaSi. enis miersityvaTa meSveobiT samyaros konceptualizaciis sakiTxi ZalzemniSvnelovania. r. lado, kontrastuli lingvistikis erT-erTifuZemdebeli aRniSnavs, rom arsebobs iluzia, TiTqos mniSvnelobebi23

erTnairia yvela enaSi, TiTqos enebi mxolod am mniSvnelobaTagamoxatvis formiT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. r. lados azriT,mniSvnelobebi kulturulad determinirebulia (Ладо 1989).Tanamedrove lingvistika, misi sxvadasxva mimarTuleba, aqtiuradSeiswavlis mizezebs, romelTa gamoc konkretul enaTa samyarossuraTebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. samecniero literaturaSiZiriTadad sami umTavresi faqtori gamoiyofa: buneba, kultura, Semecneba.buneba upirveles yovlisa aris adamianis cxovrebis pirobebi; adamianiaZlevs saxelebs cxovelebs, mcenareebs, bunebriv movlenebs, romlebiccnobilia misTvis, bunebrivi pirobebi karnaxoben adamianis enobrivcnobierebas aRqmis Taviseburebebs. magaliTad, erTi da igive ferisaRsaniSnad sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgeneli gansxvavebuliasociaciebis leqsikur erTeulebs iyenebs; feris motivacia xSiradgaresamyaros, konkretuli bunebis niSan-TvisebaTa mxedvelobiT aRqmissemantikuri aRniSvniTaa ganpirobebuli: meore faqtori kulturaa.materialuri da sulieri moRvaweobis Sedegebi, socialur-istoriuli,esTetikuri, moraluri da sxva normebi da faseulobebi, romlebicganasxvaveben sxvadasxva Taobebsa da socialur erTobebs, aisaxebagansxvavebul konceptualur da enobriv warmodgenebSi samyaros Sesaxeb.kulturuli sferos nebismieri Tavisebureba asaxvas poulobs enaSi.enobrivi gansxvavebani SeiZleba agreTve ganpirobebuli iyos wes-CveulebebiT, ritualebiT, folklorul-miTologiuri warmodgenebiT,simbolikiT.rac Seexeba mesame faqtors-Semecnebas, unda iTqvas, rom racionaluri,grZnobiTi da sulieri Taviseburebebi samyaros aRqmisa TiToeuladamians gansxvavebuli aqvs. samyaros gacnobierebis gzebi sxvadasxvaadamianisa da sxvadasxva xalxisTvis ar aris identuri. enobrivgansxvavebebze Semecnebis gavlenis umniSvnelovanes maCveneblebswarmoadgens is, rasac v. humboldti uwodebda `saganTa xedvisgansxvavebul wess". saganTa gansxvavebuli xedva gansakuTrebulisicxadiT vlindeba motivaciis specifikasa da saxeldebis SinaganformaSi.24

samyaros enobrivi suraTebis Sefasebisas unda gvesmodes, rom essuraTi warmoadgens ara samyaros asaxvas, aramed mis interpretaciasadamianis mier. adamianisTvis samyaro aris ara marto is, rac man aRiqvaSegrZnebis organoTa meSveobiT, aramed, am samyaros met-nakleb nawilswarmoadgens adamianis mier aRqmuli interpretaciis subieqturi Sedegebi.amitom Tuki vityviT, rom ena - `samyaros sarkea", unda gvaxsovdes, rom essarke ar aris idealuri: igi samyaros warmoaCens ara uSualod,pirdapir, aramed adamianTa erTobis SemecnebiTi interpretaciiT.radgan kulturac da enac xalxis mentalobasTan, anu samyarosSegrZnebasa da aRqmasTanaa dakavSirebuli, amitom aucilebelia enisa dakulturis mentalur kategoriebTan mimarTebis problemis gacnobiereba.v.v. kolesovis azriT, mentaloba warmoadgens samyaros WvretasmSobliuri enis kategoriebsa da formebSi, romelic Semecnebis procesSiaerTianebs nacionaluri xasiaTis inteleqtualur, sulier da nebelobiTTvisebebs (Колесов 1999; 81).samyaros enobrivi suraTis cneba efuZneba samyaros Sesaxebadamianis warmodgenaTa Seswavlas. Tuki samyaro aris adamiani da garemomaT urTierTqmedebaSi, samyaros suraTi warmoadgens garemosa daadamianze arsebuli informaciis gadamuSavebis Sedegs. amrigad,kognituri lingvistikis warmomadgenlebi samarTlianad amtkiceben, romCveni konceptualuri sistema, romelic aisaxeba samyaros enobrivisuraTis saxiT, damokidebulia fizikur da kulturul gamocdilebaze dauSualod aris dakavSirebuli masTan.m. haidegeri werda, rom sityvaze `suraTi" pirvel rigSi vfiqrobTraRacis asaxvaze, `samyaros suraTi, gagebuli arsebiTad, aRniSnavs arasamyaros amsaxvel suraTs, aramed samyaros, gagebuls suraTis saxiT"(Хаидегер 1978; 96). samyaros suraTs, rogorc realuri samyaros asaxvasada samyaros enobriv suraTs, rogorc am asaxvis fiqsacias Soris rTuliurTierTmimarTeba arsebobs, samyaros suraTi SeiZleba warmodgeniliqnas sivrciTi, droiTi, raodenobiTi, eTikuri da sxva parametrebismeSveobiT. mis formirebaze moqmedebs ena, tradiciebi, buneba dalandSafti, aRzrda, swavleba da sxva socialuri faqtorebi. samyaros25

specialuri (fizikuri, qimiuri da sxv.) suraTebisagan, igi win uZRvis daayalibebs maT, radganac adamians samyarosa da TviT sakuTari Tavisgageba swored enis meSveobiT SeuZlia, romelSic fiqsirebuliasazogadoebriv-istoriuli gamocdileba - rogorc zogadsakacobrio, isenacionaluri. swored nacionaluri sazogadoebriv-istoriuligamocdileba gansazRvravs enis specifikur Taviseburebebs mis yveladoneze. enis specifikidan gamomdinare, mis matarebelTa cnobierebaSiwarmoiqmneba samyaros garkveuli enobrivi suraTi, romlis WrilSicxedavs adamiani samyaros.i. d. apresiani samyaros enobriv suraTs `meamit" suraTs uwodebs.misi azriT, `samyaros enobrivi suraTi TiTqos avsebs obieqtur codnasrealobis Sesaxeb da xSirad amaxinjebs mas (Апресян 2006; 124). adamianismier samyaros Secnoba ar aris Tavisufali Secdomebisgan, amitomsamyaros miseuli konceptualuri suraTi mudmivad icvleba, `Tavidanixateba", im dros, rodesac samyaros enobrivi suraTi kidev didxansinarCunebs am Secdomebis kvals.v.b. kaseviCis azriT, enobrivi semantikis saSualebebiT kodirebulisamyaros suraTi SeiZleba droTa ganmavlobaSi relikturi aRmoCndes damxolod tradiciulad inarCunebdes Zvel-poziciebs, sxva enobriviinstrumentariumis bunebrivi miuwvdomelobis gamo; enobriviinstrumentariumis meSveobiT iqmneba axali mniSvnelobebi,romlebisTvisac Zveli erTgvari samSeneblo masalis rols asrulebs.sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, warmoiqmneba gansxvavebebi enis arqaulsemantikur sistemasa da im aqtualur mentalur models Soris, romelicrealuria mocemuli enobrivi koleqtivisTvis da vlindeba mis mierSemqmnil teqstebSi da misi qcevis kanonzomierebebSi (Касевич 2005: 216).s.g. ter-minasova ganasxvavebs adamianis garSemo myofi samyaros samformas, esenia: samyaros realuri suraTi, samyaros kulturuli (anucnebiTi) suraTi da samyaros enobrivi suraTi. swored samyaroskulturuli suraTi aris yvela xalxSi gansxvavebuli, rac mravalifaqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli, rogoricaaa: geografia, klimati, socialurimowyoba, rwmena, tradiciebi, cxovrebis wesi (Тер-Минасова 2002: 41). Tavis26

mxriv, samyaros enobrivi suraTi asaxavs realobas kulturuli suraTismeSveobiT.termini `samyaros enobrivi suraTi" erTgvari metaforaa. realuradnacionaluri enis specifikuri Taviseburebebi, romlebSicdafiqsirebulia adamianTa garkveuli nacionaluri erTobis unikalurisazogadoebriv-istoriuli gamocdileba, warmoqmnian am enismatareblebisaTvis ara samyaros raRac ganumeorebel suraTs, romelicgansxvavdeba obieqturad arsebulisagan, aramed am samyaros specifikurSeferilobas, rac ganpirobebulia sagnebis, movlenebis, procesebisnacionaluri mniSvnelobiT arCeviTi damokidebulebiT maT mimarT, rasacwarmoSobs mocemuli xalxis saqmianobis, cxovrebis wesisa danacnionaluri kulturis specifika.j. leikofis mier SemuSavda enobrivi geStaltebis Teoria, romelicSemdgomSi sxva mecnierebmac aRiares. geStaltebi - enis siRrmiseuliSinaarsobrivi erTeulebia. geStaltebi warmoadgenen adamianis miersinamdvilis aRqmis safuZvels; isini warmarTaven SemecnebiT procesebs,gansazRvraven motoruli aqtebis specifikas da a.S. geStaltebissiRrmiseuli bunebis enasTan mimarTebaSi ramdenime aspeqtSi gamoixateba.magaliTad, zedapirul enobriv doneze erTi da igive geStalti SeiZlebarealizebul iqnas rogorc sxvadasxva Sinaarsebi, mniSvnelobebi, damxolod specialuri kvlevebiT SeiZleba dadgindes maTi erTianoba. j.leikofma uCvena, magaliTad, rom kamaTi da omi erTi da igive terminebiTaRiwereba, anu erTnairad moiazreba. e.i., erTi da igive geStaltiakavSirebs. maSasadame, geStaltebi warmoadgenen universalurwarmodgenebs, romlebic adamianis fsiqikis siRrmeSi, bunebrivi eniskategoriul CarCoebs miRma Zevs, anu es aris transcendentaluriSinaarsobrivi sidideebi, romlebic uSualod gamonaTqvamis miRmaimyofeba da organulad aris masTan dakavSirebuli. realuri enobrivimonacemebis safuZvelze rekonstruirebuli geStaltebi TviTon eqcevianuaxloesi transcendenturis Sinaarsobriv sidideebad (Лакофф, 1985: 128).amrigad, `samyaros enobrivi suraTis" cneba ukavSirdeba xalxis,eTnosis, erisa da pirovnebis nacionaluri xasiaTis cnebebs. raaerTianebs adamianebs erTi `xalxis" cnebaSi? xalxis rogorc adamianTa27

erTobis gamaerTianebel, Semkvrel Zalas warmoadgens misi istoria,romelsac inaxavs socialuri mexsiereba, kultura. istoriuli midgomagansazRvravs `xalxis" cnebis gagebas or konteqstSi: 1) xalxi rogorceTnikuri (eTnogenetikuri) erToba; 2) xalxi rogorc enTosocialurierToba. eTnosi warmoadgens socialur jgufs, romelTa wevrebsacaerTianebs eTnikuri TviTSegneba, romelic yalibdeba misi warmodgenebissafuZvelze sakuTari warmoSobis, am jgufis sxva warmomadgenlebTangenetikuri kavSiris Sesaxeb.am sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs eTnikuri danacionaluri kulturis cnebebs. eTnikuri kultura - nacionalurikulturis yvelaze uZvelesi fena, ZiriTadad moicavs yofis, wes-Cveulebebis sferos, Cacmulobis, xalxuri rewvis, folklorisa da a.S.Taviseburebebs. yvela xalxs gaaCnia sakuTari eTnikuri simboloebi(qarTvelebs – Coxa, iaponelebs - kimono, rusebs - samovari,Sotlandielebs - ujredebiani qvedabolo da a.S.), nacionalurisamzareulos gansakuTrebuli, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli xasiaTisniSnebic. cnobilia, magaliTad, sxvadasxva xalxis specifikuri,gamorCeuli Tvisebebi: germanelTa racionalizmi, italielTaemociuroba, qarTvelTa stumarTmoyvareoba, ingliselTa aristokratizmida a.S. nacionaluri kultura - ufro rTuli warmonaqmnia. es arissubkulturis saxeoba - simboloebis, Sexedulebebis, faseulobebis,qcevis normebis erToblioba, romlebic axasiaTeben adamianis suliercxovrebas ama Tu im qveyanaSi, saxelmwifoSi (Тер-Минасова 2002: 43).ena, azrovneba da kultura imdenad mWidrod arianurTierTdakavSirebuli, rom praqtikulad erT mTlianobas warmoadgenen.yvelani erTad isini garkveul mimarTebaSi arian realur samyarosTan -upirispirdebian, asaxaven da amavdroulad, ayalibeben mas. sityva asaxavsara TviT realobisagan aramed mis xedvas, romelsac ganapirobebs enismatareblis cnobierebaSi arsebuli warmodgena am sagnis Sesaxeb.rogorc ter-minasova aRniSnavs, gza realuri samyarodan cnebamde daSemdeg misi sityvier gadmocemamde yvela xalxTan gansxvavebulia, rac amxalxTa istoriis, geografiis, cxovrebis TvisebebiT da, Sesabamisad, maTi28

sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis gansxvavebulobiTaa ganpirobebuli (Тер-Минасова 2002: 40).eTnikuri kultura-nacionaluri kulturis sawyisia. magramnacionaluri kultura mxolod enTikuriT ar Semoifargleba. misisimdidre ganaTlebis, damwerlobis safuZvelze yalibdeba da aisaxebasazogadoebriv-politikur da teqnologiur ganviTarebaSi, xelovnebasada literaturaSi, filosofiasa da mecnierebaSi. urTierTmimarTebaenTikur da nacionalur kulturas Soris. eTnikuri kulturawarmoadgens xalxuri enis, siuJetebis wyaros. magram eTnikuri kulturakonservatiulia, misTvis ucxoa cvlilebebi, nacionaluri kultura ki,piriqiT, mudmiv moZraobaSi imyofeba. da rac ufro gaxsnilianacionaluri kultura sxva kulturebTan kavSirisa da dialogisaTvis,miT ufro mdidari da ganviTarebulia igi. eTnikuri kulturebicdiloben SeinarCunon gansxvavebebi kulturis lokalur, adgilobrivTaviseburebebs Soris; nacionaluri kulturebi ki ganaxoricelebn maTnivelirebas. kulturuli procesi, mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebaaaxloebs xalxebs, ganaxorcielebs maTi cxovrebis pirobebisunificirebas.ras niSnavs nacionaluri xasiaTi? arsebobs Tu ara igi? marTebuliaTu ara tipiuri Tvisebebis ganzogadeba mTeli xalxis masStabiT,rodesac cnobilia, rom yvela adamiani, - individi - gansxvavebuli daganumeorebelia? inglisur enaSi am TemasTan dakavSirebiT Semdegianadaza arsebobs: It takes all sorts to make a world (samyaros sxvadasxva tipisadamianebi Seadgenen). qarTuli analogebi am andazisa Semdegia: ramdenikacia - imdeni azria; kacia da xasiaTi.Tanamedrove filologiuri mecnierebisaTvis, lingvistikisaTvissainteresoa adamianis rogorc garkveuli nacionaluri mentalobisa daenis matareblis Seswavla. ena - is erTaderTi saSualebaa, romelicSesaZleblobas iZleva CavwvdeT adamianis mentalobas, radgan igiwarmoaCens ama Tu im kulturaSi samyaros dayofis, samyaros suraTisTaviseburebas; igi adamianze mogviTxrobs imaze gacilebiT mets, vidre amadamians warmoudgenia.29

kulturul da enobriv TaviseburebaTa sakiTxis farglebSimizanSewonilia, stereotipis cnebis ganxilva. sxvadasxva mecnierebiswarmomadgenlebi stereotipSi im Tvisebebs gamoyofen, romlebic maTikvlevis sferosaTvisaa saintereso, amitom gamoiyofa socialuristereotipebi, komunikaciuri stereotipebi, mentaluri stereotipebi,azrovnebis stereotipebi da pirovnebis qcevis stereotipebi.eTnokulturuli stereotipebi - es aris ganzogadebuli warmodgenaromelime xalxis tipiuri niSan-Tvisebebis Sesaxeb... qarTvelTatolerantoba, germanelTa mowesrigebuloba, ingliselTa jentlmenoba,finelTa sijiute, CinelTa ceremoniebi, afrikelTa temperamentuloba,italielTa emociuroba, sificxe, polonelTa galanturoba, estonelTasidinje - es aris stereotipuli warmodgenebi mTlianad xalxis Sesaxebda es warmodgenebi ama Tu im xalxis yvela warmomadgenelze vrceldeba.specialistebi eTnikuri fsiqologiis dargSi, romlebic SeiswavlianeTnokulturul stereotipebs, Tvlian, rom erebi, romlebic ekonomikuriganviTarebis maRal doneze imyofebian, sakuTar TavSi iseT niSan-Tvisebebs aRniSnaven, rogoricaa: Wkua, saqmianoba, moqniloba, xoloerebi, romelTac ekonomikis ganviTarebis dabali done aqvT - sikeTes,guliTadobas, stumarTmoyvareobas.stereotipis cneba 1922 wels pirvelad gamoiyena u. lipmanma,romelic Tvlida, rom es aris kulturis determinirebulimowesrigebuli, sqematuri `samyaros suraTebi" adamianis TavSi",romlebic zogaven, `ekonomias ukeTeben" mis Zalisxmevas samyaros rTuliobieqtebis aRqmisas. stereotipis aseTi gageba gulisxmobs misi orimniSvnelovani Tvisebis xazgasmas - igi yovelTvis determinirebuliakulturiT da warmoadgens Zalisxmevis, Sesabamisad, enobrivisaSualebebis dazogvis, ekonomiis saSualebas.amrigad, stereotipi warmoadgens samyaros konceptualuri suraTiserTgvar fragments, mentalur xats, myar kulturul-nacionalurwarmodgenas sagnis an situaciis Sesaxeb. es aramarto mentaluri xatia,aramed misi verbaluri garsic. stereotipi - enisa da metyvelebis iseTimovlenaa, romelic erTi mxriv, iZleva mocemuli kulturis dominanturi30

Semadgenlebis Senaxvisa da transformaciis, xolo meore mxriv, sakuTariTavis Secnobis, `Tavisianis" da `ucxos" garCevis saSualebas.sityvebs `stereotipi" da ,,stereotipuli" negatiuri SeferilobaaqvT rogorc qarTul, ise inglisur enaSic, radganac ganisazRvrebian`Sablonuris" meSveobiT, rac, Tavis mxriv `Cveulebrivs, originalobasada gamomsaxvelobas moklebuls" niSnavs. es mTlad marTebuli ar undaiyos zogadad sityvasTan `stereotipis" mimarTebaSi, da gansakuTrebiTkulturaTSorisi komunikaciis problemaTa konteqstSi. sqematizmisa daganzogadebulobis miuxedavad, stereotipuli warmodgenebi sxvaxalxebisa da sxva kulturaTa Sesaxeb adamians amzadeben ucxokulturasTan Sesaxvedrad da arbilebun mosalodnel `kulturul Soks".kognitur lingvistikasa da eTnolingvistikaSi termini stereotipimoiazreba rogorc mentaluri stereotipi, romelic korelirebs`samyaros miamit suraTTan". stereotipis aseT gagebas vxvdebiT e.barktimnsiksa da mis mimdevarTa SromebSi; samyaros enobrivi suraTi daenobrivi stereotipi am naSomebSi ganixileba rogorc nawilisa damTlianis mimarTeba; enobrivi stereotipi moiazreba rogorcdasrulebuli azris mqone gamonaTqvami an ramdenime gamonaTqvami,romlebic exeba araenobrivi samyaros garkveul obieqts, sagnissubieqturad determinirebuli warmodgena, romelSic SeerTebuliaaRweriTi da SefasebiTi niSnebi da romelic warmoadgens sinamdvilisaRqmis rezultats socialurad SemuSavebuli SemecnebiTi modelebisfarglebSi. v.a. maslova enobriv stereotipad miiCnevs ara martomosazrebas - gamonaTqvams (an ramdenime mosazreba-gamonaTqvams), aramednebismier myar gamonaTqvams, romelic ramdenime sityvisgan Sedgeba,magaliTad, myari Sedareba, kliSe da a.S.: "лицо кавказской национальности,"седой как лунь", "новый русский". aseTi gamoTqmebis - stereotipebisgamoyeneba aadvilebs da amartivebs urTierTobas, zogavs komunikantTaZalebs (Маслова 2001: 111).i.a. sorokini stereotips gansazRvravs rogorc process, garkveulisemiotikuri modelebis Sesabamisi urTierTobis (qcevis) Sedegs.semiotikuri modelis realizacia xdeba socialur, socialurfsiqologiurdoneebze (standarti) an enobriv, socialur-fsiqologiur31

doneebze (norma). standarti da norma ori saxiT arsebobs: rogor Stampian rogorc kliSe (Сорокин 1985: 216).arsebobs avtostereotipebi, romlebic asaxaven imas, Tu rasfiqroben adamianebi sakuTar Tavze, da geterostereotipebi, romlebicsxva xalxs exeba - swored geterostereotipebia ufro kritikuli.magaliTad, is, rasac xalxi Tavis TavSi momWirneobas, dakvirvebulobasuwodebs, sxva xalxSi Sefasebulia rogorc siZunwis gamovlineba.adamianebi eTnokulturul stereotipebs aRiqvamen rogorc nimuSebs,romlebsac unda mibaZon. amitom stereotipebi sakmaod did gavlenasaxdenen adamianebze, stimulireben maTSi iseTi Tvisebebis Camoyalibebas,romlebic aisaxeba stereotipSi (Маслова 2001: 112).amrigad, stereotipi warmoadgens samyaros konceptualuri suraTisfragments, myar kulturul-nacionalur warmodgenas sagnis an situaciisSesaxeb. es aris erTgvari kulturiT determinirebuli warmodgenasagnisa, movlenis, situaciis Sesaxeb. magram es aris ara mxolodmentaluri xatis saxe, aramed misi verbaluri garsic. konkretulikulturisadmi mikuTvneba xdeba swored codnis sabaziso, stereotipulibirTvis arsebobis safuZvelze, romelic meordeba pirovnebissocializaciis procesSi, amitom stereotipebi precendentulerTeulebad iTvlebian yvela xalxis kulturaSi.eTnikuri cnobierebisa da kulturis formireba adamianis qcevisregulatorebis saxiT safuZvlad udevs rogorc Tandayolili, isesocializaciis procesSi SeZenili faqtorebi-kulturuli stereotipebi,romelTa SeTviseba xdeba im momentidan, rodesac adamiani iwyebssakuTari Tavis identificirebas garkveul eTnosTan, garkveulkulturasTan.eTnosis mentaluri stereotipebis erToblioba cnobilia TiToeulimisi warmomadgenlisaTvis. garkveuli eTnosis kultura Seicavsstereotipuli xasiaTis iseT elementebsac, romlebic, rogorc wesi, araRiqmebian sxva kulturis matarebelebis mier. i.a. sorokini da i. i.markovina aseT elementebs lakunebs uwodeben: yvelaferi, rasac ucxokulturis teqstSi recipienti amCnevs, magram ver gebulobs, racucnaurad eCveneba da saWiroebs `interpretacias, migvaniSnebs teqstSi im32

kulturis nacionalur-specifikuri elementebis arsebobas, romelSicaris Seqmnili teqsti; es aris lakunebi (Сорокин 1985: 219).kulturis simtkice, misi sicocxlisunarianoba ganpirobebuliaimiT, Tu ramdenad ganviTarebulia is struqturebi, romlebicgansazRvraven mis mTlianobas, erTianobas. kulturis mTlianobagulisxmobs kulturis stereotipebis - mizandasaxulobis, qcevis,aRzrdis, gagebis, urTierTobisa da sxv. anu samyaros saerTo suraTisstereotipebis gamomuSavebas. stereotipebis CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovanrols asrulebs is, Tu ra sixSiriT gvxvdeba garkveuli obieqtebi,movlenebi adamianTa cxovrebaSi. qcevis stereotipi-umniSvnelovanesiastereotipebs Soris, igi SeiZleba gadavides ritualSi. da saerTod,stereotipebi Zalian mWidro kavSirSi arian tradiciebTan, wes-CveulebebTan, miTebTan, ritualebTan, magram am ukanasknelTagan imiTgamoirCevian, rom tradiciebsa da wes-Cveulebebs axasiaTebsobieqtivirebuli mniSvneloba, gaxsniloba ucxoelisaTvis, stereotipebiki im dafarul goneba-ganwyobilebaTa doneze rCebian, romlebic`TavisianTa", anu mocemuli eTnikur-kulturuli erTobis SigniTarsebobs (Сроленко 2004: 54).amrigad, stereotipi kulturis warmomadgenlis cnobierebisa daenis maxasiaTebelia; igi kulturis erTgvari RerZia da amitom pirovnebisdasayrdenia kulturaTSoris dialogSi. Tanamedrove cxovrebis pirobebiganapirobeben cxovrebis standartizacias, civilizaciasTan daaxloebada masSi CarTva iwvevs nacionaluri specifikis gafermkraTelbas. miTufro mniSvnelovania xelovnebis, mxatvruli kulturis ganviTareba,sadac mxatvrul saxeebSi xdeba nacionaluri tradiciebis, nacionalurixasiaTis gansaxiereba.samyaros suraTis elementebi enis matarebelTa cnobierebaSi ortipad SeiZleba daiyos: is, rac realurad an savaraudod arsebobs(arsebobda, SeiZleba arsebobs an arsebuliyo da a.S.) da is, raczemoTaRniSnulidan miekuTvneba faseulobebs, anu iseT cnebebs,romlebic xalxis, sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan rolsasrulebs (miwa, ojaxi, siyvaruli, bedniereba, Svilebi, sikeTe, simamace,33

warmateba da a.S.). TiToeuli faseuloba yalibdeba rogorc adamianisinteresis, daintersebis produqti.obieqturi samyaros asaxvis procesSi adamiani sityvaSi afiqsirebsSemecnebis Sedegebs. enobrivi formiT dafiqsirebuli am codniserToblioba warmoadgens imas, rasac sxvadasxva koeficientebSi ewodeba`enobrivi Sualeduri samyaro", an `samyaros enobrivi reprezentacia",`samyaros enobrivi modeli", an `samyaros enobrivi suraTi". umetesadswored es ukanaskneli termini gamoiyeneba. samyaros suraTis (maT Sorisenobrivi) cneba efuZneba samyaros Sesaxeb adamianis warmodgenaTaSeswavlas. Tuki samyaro moiazreba rogorc adamiani da garemo maTurTierTqmedebaSi, samyaros suraTi warmoadgens garemosa da adamianzearsebuli informaciis gadamuSavebis Sedegs. samyaros suraTi aris arasamyaros sarkiseburi asaxva, aramed samyaros erTgvari interpretacia,romelsac ganaxorcielebs calkeuli subieqtebi, romlebicgansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. amitom samyaros suraTi - dinamiurimovlenaa, romelic gamudmebiT icvleba (Гудков 2002: 148). kogniturilingvistikis warmomadgenlebi samarTlianad amtkiceben, rom Cvenikonceptualuri sistema, romelic samyaros enobrivi suraTis saxiTaisaxeba, damokidebulia fizikur da kulturul gamocdilebaze dauSualod kavSirSia masTan.samyaros suraTis struqturul nawilSi mniSvnelovani adgiliukavia kulturul, ZiriTad sakvanZo konceptebs. es aris kulturiTganpirobebuli birTvuli (sabaziso) erTeulebi, romlebTac gaaCniaTegzistencialuri mniSvneloba, rogorc calkeuli enobrivipirovnebisaTvis, aseve mTlianad linvokulturuli erTobisaTvis.kulturis sakvanZo konceptebs miekuTvneba iseTi abstraqtuli saxelebi,rogoricaa: Tavisufleba, bedi, sikeTe, boroteba, kanoni, sindisi, Ralati,siyvaruli da a.S.konceptebi adamianis cnobierebaSi warmoiqmneba ara marto rogorcminiSnebebi SesaZlo, potenciur mniSvnelobebze, aramed agreTve, rogorcmTlianad adamianis wina enobrivi gamocdilebis - poeturis, prozaulis,samecniero, socialuris, istoriulis - gamoZaxili.34

kulturis konceptebi, p.s. gureviCis mixedviT, SeiZleba or jgufaddaiyos: kosmiuri, filosofiuri kategoriebi, anu kulturisuniversaluri kategoriebi (dro, sivrce, mizezi, cvlileba, moZraoba) dasocialuri, egreT wodebuli kulturuli kategoriebi (Tavisufleba,samarTali, samarTlianoba, Sroma, simdidre, sakuTreba). mizanSewoniliakidev erTi jgufis gamoyofa, romelic uSualo kavSirSia CvensnaSromTan, - (qarTuli kulturisTvis esenia, magaliTad, -stumarTmoyvareoba, keTilSobileba, Tavdadeba da a.S.) unda ganvasxvavoTcnebebi: `kulturis stereotipi" da `kulturis koncepti", kulturisstereotipi Seicavs subieqtur Sefasebas, xolo kulturis konceptigamoxatavs obieqtur damokidebulebas sinamdvilisadmi. imisaTvis, romsityva CaiTvalos kulturis konceptad, mas unda axasiaTebdes xSirigamoyeneba (Гуревич 2006: 47).garesamyaros movlenebi da sagnebi adamianis cnobierebaSiwarmodgenilia Sinagani saxiT formiT. a.a. leontievis azriT, arsebobsgansakuTrebuli `mexuTe kvaziganzomileba", romelSic adamianis winaSewarmodgeba misi garemomcveli sinamdvile: es aris `azrobrivi veli",mniSvnelobaTa sistema. maSasadame, samyaros suraTi SeiZlebaganisazRvros rogorc saxeTa sistema (Леонтиев 2001: 92).samyaros suraTs rogorc realuri samyaros asaxvasa da samyarosenobriv suraTs rogorc am asaxvis fiqsacias Soris rTuliurTierTmimarTeba arsebobs. samyaros suraTi SeiZleba warmodgeniliqnas sivrciTi (marjvena-marcxena, aRmosavleTi-dasavleTi, Sors-axlosda a.S.), droiTi (dRe-Rame, zamTari-zafxuli, dila-saRamo da a.S.),raodenobiT, eTikuri da sxva parametrebis meSveobiT. mis formirebazegavlenas axdens ena, tradiciebi, buneba da landSafti, aRzrda da sxvasocialuri faqtorebi.adamianis mier samyaros Secnoba dinamiuria; samyaroskonceptualuri suraTi icvleba, xolo samyaros enobrivi suraTi ufrostabiluria, igi didxans inarCunebs samyaros Semecnebis sxvadasxvaetapze arsebul saxeebs, warmodgenebs. amitom xSirad adamiani TavismetyvelebaSi iyenebs iseT erTeulebs, romelTa warmoSoba mis winaparTagansxvavebul msoflmxedvelobas, maT mier samyaros gansxvavebul xedvas35

efuZneboda. magaliTad, xSirad gamoiyeneba frazeologizmi `gulze xelidaide da ise Tqvi", romlis mniSvnelobac ganisazRvreba rogorc`gulwrfelad simarTlis Tqma". cxadia, mosaubre am frazeologizmiswarmoTqmisas ar acnobierebs, rom es gamoTqma simbolurad ukavSirdebaJests, romelic Zvelad gamoiyeneboda rogorc ficis, gulwrfelobaSidarwmunebis niSani.samyaros enobrivi suraTi ayalibebs adamianis samyarosadmi (bunebis,cxovelebisadmi, sakuTari Tavis, rogorc samyaros elementisadmi)damokidebulebis tips. igi gansazRvravs adamianis damokidebulebassamyarosadmi, misi qcevis normebs. yvela ena asaxavs samyaros aRqmisa daorganizebis (`konceptualizaciis") garkveul xerxs. enaSi gadmocemulimniSvnelobebi gaerTianebulia SexedulebaTa erTian sistemaSi, Taviseburkoleqtiur filosofiaSi, romelsac enis yvela matarebeli iziarebs.swored enis Sinaarsobriv mxareSi (naklebad - gramatikaSi) aisaxebamocemuli eTnosis samyaros suraTi, romelic warmoadgens yvelakulturuli stereotipis safuZvels. misi analizi gvexmarebagamovarkvioT, Tu riT gansxvavdebian nacionaluri kulturebi, rogoravseben isini erTmaneTs msoflio kulturis doneze. cxadia, yvelasityvis mniSvneloba rom kulturulad specifikuri iyos, saerTodSeuZlebeli iqneboda kulturul sxvaobaTa Seswavla. amitom kulturulnacionaluriaspeqtebis Seswavlisas dasayrdens warmoadgens enobriverTeulTa universaluri Tvisebebi.amrigad, samyaros kulturuli da enobrivi suraTebi mWidrod ariandakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, mudmivad urTierTqmedeben da orivedakavSirebulia samyaros realur suraTTan, ufro sworad ki, realursamyarosTan, romelSic adamiani arsebobs.cxadia, samyaros nacionaluri kulturuli suraTi pirveladiaenobriv suraTTan mimarTebaSi. igi ufro mdidari, ufro mravalferovanida savsea, vidre enobrivi. magram swored ena axdens samyarosnacionaluri suraTis realizebas, mis verbalizacias, inaxavs mas dagadascems Taobidan Taobas. ena ver afiqsirebs yvelafers, rac samyarosnacionalur xedvas axasiaTebs, magram mas aqvs unari yvelaferi aRweros.36

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi enaSi Semodis da mkvidrdeba nasesxebisityvebi - iseT cnebaTa gadmosacemad, romlebic sxva xalxis enobriviazrovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. magaliTad, radgan qarTulenovansamyaroSi ar arsebobs iseTi sasmelebi, rogoricaa viski da eli, xoloinglisurenovan samyaroSi ar arsebobs iseTi kerZebi, rogoricaaCaxoxbili da xaWapuri, am SemTxvevaSi es cnebebi gadmoicema Sesabamisienis sityvebiT da mkvidrdeba enobriv sistemaSi nasesxebi sityvebissaxiT. es SeiZleba iyos sityvebi, romlebic aRniSnaven nacionalurikulturis sagnebs (ragbi, viski, sendiviCi...), politikuri, ekonomikuri ansamecniero terminebi (impiCmenti, lizingi, dileri; faili, kompiuteri).ufro rTuli situaciaa, rodesac erTi da igive cnebagansxvavebulad gamoixateba sityvierad sxvadasxva enaSi.ganvixiloT, magaliTad, qarTul da inglisur enebSi araenobrivirealobis iseTi faqtis gamoxatvis saSualebebi, romelic qarTul enaSiaRiniSneba sityviT `TiTi". imisaTvis, rom inglisurad davasaxeloT essagani, saWiroa davazustoT, Tu romeli TiTi gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi: xelisTiTi, Tu fexis, Tu xelis TiTzea saubari, unda dakonkretdes, Turomeli TiTi gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi, radgan ceris garda, inglisur enaSixelis TiTebs ewodeba fingers, cers ki thumb, fexis TiTebs - toes. aseveagermanulSi - xelisa da fexis TiTebis aRsaniSnavad sxvadasxva sityvagamoiyeneba: der Finger da die Zehe.etalonebisa da simboloebis SerCeva samyaros miamit suraTSi,rogorc wesi, motivirebulia. es motivacia damokidebulia mTelikonceptualuri sistemis xasiaTze da SeiZleba zog SemTxvevaSigamovlenil iqnas samyaros enobrivi suraTis doneze. Eenis rolimdgomareobs ara marto informaciis gadmocemaSi, aramed pirvel rigSigadmosacemi informaciis, anu imis Sinaganad organizebaSi, risigadmocemac unda moxdes. warmoiqmneba erTgvari `mniSvnelobaTa sivrce",anu enaSi damkvidrebuli codna samyaros Sesaxeb, romelsac daerTviskonkretuli enobrivi erTobis nacionalur-kulturuli gamocdileba.yalibdeba mocemul enaze mosaubreTa samyaro, anu samyaros enobrivisuraTi, rogorc samyaros Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis erToblioba,romelic fiqsirdeba leqsikaSi, frazeologiaSi, gramatikaSi. amis37

Sesaxeb a.a. potebnia aRniSnavda, rom ena warmoadgens sakuTari TavisaRqmis saSualeba.s. sakuTari Tavis aRqma sxvadasxvanairad arisSesaZlebeli; rasac sakuTar TavSi ver vamCnevT, is CemTvis ar arsebobs,da, cxadia, arc sityviT iqneba gamoxatuli. amitom aravis aqvs uflebaCados xalxis enaSi is, rasac es xalxi TviTon Tavis enaSi ver naxulobs(Потобня 1960: 48).samyaros enobrivi suraTs sxvadasxva elementebi warmoqmnian,romelTa Soris yvelaze mkafioa miTologemebi, metaforuli sityvebi,konotaciuri sityvebi da sxv. Cveni msoflmxedveloba nawilobrivsamyaros enobrivi suraTis tyveobaSi imyofeba. yoveli konkretuli enamoicavs nacionalur, TviTmyofad sistemas, romelic gansazRvravsmocemuli enis matarebelTa msoflmxedvelobas da ayalibebs maTisamyaros suraTs.kostomarovi da vereSagini aRniSnaven, rom ena, kumulaciurifunqciis wyalobiT, Seicavs uamrav informacias mocemuli xalxisistoriis, kulturis, yofis Sesaxeb. aseTi kulturuli informaciisteqstobriv `gamtareblebs" warmoadgens leqsemebi, frazeologizmebi,Sedgenili saxelebi, kliSirebuli gamoTqmebi.samyaros suraTs bevrad ganapirobebs ena - misi wyoba daTaviseburebebi. es kavSiri SeiZleba ormxrivad iqnas axsnili: erTi mxriv,xalxis cxovrebis pirobebi (geografiuli, socialuri, yofiTi,politikuri da a.S.) ama Tu im formiT aisaxeba adamianTa cnobierebaSi dafiqsirdebian garkveul sityvebSi da enis gramatikul konstruqciebSi;meore mxriv, ena mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mis matarebelTaSemecnebaze, warmarTavs samyaros kategorizacias garkveulimimarTulebiT, romelic specifikuria yoveli eTnikuri enisaTvis.jer kidev v. fon humboldti aRniSnavda, rom enis arsi aramoiwureba gramatikuli wyobiTa da garegnuli struqturiT: enisWeSmariti buneba amyarebs raRacas, rac gacilebiT ufro idumalia danaklebad eqvemdebareba analizs. Cveni azriT, es aris xalxismentaliteti, misi kulturuli konstantebi. ena rogorc niSanTa sistemaor `ganzomilebaSi" arsebobs - rogorc moRvaweobis, moqmedebisproduqti (ergon) da rogorc moRvaweoba (energeia) (humboldti), an,38

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, rogorc ena da metyveleba (f. de sosiuri). enissistemis Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi viTardeba TandaTan,da ara naxtomiseburi cvlilebebis gziT. enis sistemis stabilurobiswyalobiT xdeba kulturis safuZvlis SenarCuneba. ena sakuTar TavSiinaxavs kulturul konstantebs, eTnosis mentalitetis safuZvlebs.enasa da kulturas Soris arsebuli mimarTeba SeiZleba ganvixiloTrogorc nawilisa da mTlianis urTierT mimarTeba. ena SeiZlebaganxilul iqnes rogorc kulturis komponenti da kulturis iaraRi.magram amavdroulad ena avtonomiuria kulturasTan mimarTebaSi, daSeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc damoukidebeli, avtonomiurisemiotikuri sistema, anu kulturisagan damoukideblad, racxorcieldeba kidec tradiciul lingvistikaSi.kulturas qmnis adamiani, pirovneba; swored pirovnebaSi wamoiwevswina planze adamianis socialuri buneba, xolo adamiani warmoadgenssociokulturuli cxovrebis subieqts.pirovneba unda iqnes ganxiluli xalxis, eTnosis kulturulitradiciis perspeqtivaSi, radgan adamianSi adamianis dabadebisaTvissaWiroa kulturul-anTropologiuri prototipi, romlis Camoyalibebackulturis farglebSi xdeba.enobrivi pirovnebis SinaarsSi Cveulebriv moiazreba Semdegikomponentebi:1) a) faseulobiTi, b) msoflmxedvelobrivi, g) aRzrdis Sinaarsiskomponenti, anu Rirebulebebis, d) cxovrebiseuli sazrisis sistema. enauzrunvelyofs Tavdapirvel da siRrmiseul Sexedulebas samyaroze,warmoqmnis samyaros enobriv xats da zneobriv warmodgenaTa ierarqias,romelic safuZvlad udevs nacionaluri xasiaTis formirebas da romlisrealizeba xdeba dialogiuri enobrivi urTierTobis procesSi;2) kulturologiuri komponenti, anu kulturis rogorc enisadmiinteresis amaRlebis efeqturi saSualebis aTvisebis done. Sesaswavlienis kulturis faqtebis moSvelieba, romlebic dakavSirebuliasametyvelo da arasametyvelo qcevis wesebTan, xels uwyobs enobrivimasalis adekvaturi gamoyenebisa da komunikaciis partniorze efeqturizemoqmedebis unar-CvevaTa Camoyalibebas;39

3) pirovnuli komponenti, anu individualuri, siRrmiseuli sawyisi,romelic yvela adamianSi arsebobs (Виноградов, 1996).amrigad, lingvokulturologiuri pirovneba SeiZleba ganisazRvrosrogorc garkveuli enis matareblis sabaziso nacionalur-kulturuliprototipi, romelic damkvidrebulia enaSi (upiratesad, leqsikasa dasintaqsSi) da romelic Seadgens pirovnebis struqturis invariantulnawils.adamiani yovelTvis eyrdnoba imas, rac mas realurad gaaCnia.siRrmiseul kvlevas SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom nebismieri idea, romlisaRmoceneba an ganxorcieleba adamianebis miswrafebebs axal asparezsuCvenebs. Tavisi ganviTarebis ukve adreul xanebSi adamiani tovebsmimdinare momentis sazRvrebs da ar kmayofildeba mxolod mgrZnobiaretkbobiT. sulieri Zalis gasaocari moqmedeba ar Semoifargleba azrisarealiT Tu raime warmosaxviT. is did zegavlenas axdens xasiaTisformirebaze. Aadamianuri sulis da xasiaTis swrafad mzard siaxloves,rac zogad mniSvnelovani qmediTobis wyaro aris, SeuZlia aamaRlosadamianTa modgma mis umaRles Rirsebamde da swored ena, romliTacadamianebi uziareben erTmaneTs garegan Canafiqrebs Tu Sinagangulistkivils, aerTianebs sul sxvadasxva individualobebs da mWidrocxovel kavSirSi dgas xasiaTTan. swored enas, mTeli Tavisi gaugebariharmoniiT ZaluZs xorci Seasxas sulieri moqmedebis iersaxes (naTaZe1995).ena adamianis ganviTarebis usazRvro SesaZleblobebs aCvenebs.yoveli enis warmateba misi pirveladi Sinagani CarCos monacemebidan arisSesaZlebeli. civilizacia xalxuri wiaRidan SeiZleba aRmocendes,romelic mis sulier aRmavlobas mowmobs da romelic TavisTavadamouxsneli. (Натадзе 1970).eris sulieri Tvisebebi da ena imdenad dakavSirebuliaerTmaneTTan, rom Tu aris erTi, maSin aucileblad meorec unda iyos. enaTiTqos eris sulis gamomxatvelia. eris ena aris misi suli, xolo misisuli, misi enaa. ena da sulieri Zalebi erTad viTardebian da isiniinteleqtualuri Semoqmedebis erTobliobaa (Гумболдт 1969. 97)40

amdenad, samyaros suraTis ama Tu im fragmentis nacionalurkulturulspecifikas mecnierebi gansxvavebuli poziciebidan ikvleven:zogi mecnieri amosaval wertilad iRebs enas, aanalizebs enebs Sorisgamovlenili msgavseba-gansxvavebis faqtebs enobrivi sistemurobisWrilSi da saubrobs samyaros enobrivi suraTis Sesaxeb; sxvamkvlevarTaTvis amosavali aspeqtia kultura, garkveulilingvokulturologiuri erTobis warmomadgenelTa enobrivi cnobiereba,xolo yuradRebis centrSi eqceva samyaros saxe.41

Tavi IIsomaturi elementebi frazeologiur erTeulebSi2.1 frazeologizmi da idiomierovnuli TviTSegnebis SeswavlaSi prioritetul mimarTebaswarmoadgens samyaros frazeologiuri suraTis kvleva, radgan igiwarmoadgens eTnosis mier samyaros xedvis komponents, enisfrazeologiur SemadgenlobaSi xdeba eris materialuri da sulierikulturis faqtebis fiqsireba, ama Tu im sociumis moraluri, eTnikurida esTetikuri orientaciis asaxva. sxvadasxva tipis frazeologizmebsgaaCnia: `mravalganzomilebiani" struqtura, romelic cnebiTi safuZvlisgarda, Seicavs socio-fsiqokulturul nawils, romelic moiazreba daganicdeba enis matareblis mier da romelic moicavs emociebs,Sefasebebs, nacionalur saxeebsa da konotaciebs, romlebicdamaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im kulturisaTvis (Маслова 2004; 236).axali paradigmis farglebSi, romelic gulisxmobslingvokadignituri meTodebis gamoyenebas frazeologiuri erTeulebisanalizisaTvis, es ukanasknelni ganixileba rogorc enobriviinformatiuli niSnebi, romlebic warmoaCenen xalxis kulturisTaviseburebebs, rogorc mentaluri leqsikonis erTeulebi, romlebicadamianTa erTobis mexsierebaSi inaxeba. enis swored frazeologiurisubdone asaxavs yvelaze eqspliciturad eTnosis SemecnebiTi daemociuri gamocdilebis specifikas, misi materialuri da sulierikulturis niSnebs.frazeologia leqsikologiis yvelaze saintereso nawils warmoadgensigi Seiswavlis sityvaTa jgufebs, romlebic struqturis stabilurobiTada gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT xasiaTdebian.Tanamedrove enis frazeologia mkvlevarebis mier mTeli rigiprincipebis mixedviT aris sistematizirebuli. miuxedavad amisa, igi maincsaWiroebs arsebiT dazustebebs.42

amas ganapirobebs frazeologiis Teoriis ganviTareba da axal-axalikanonzomierebebis Secnoba, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia am enobrivisistemisaTvis, agreTve frazeologiis kvlevis meTodebis dazusteba.Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi frazeologizmebs mniSvnelovani adgiliuWiravs. maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba enis leqsikuri fondisgamdidreba, agreTve am enobriv erTeulebSi airekleba eris erovnuli dasocialuri Taviseburebani da vlindeba eris poeturi suli.frazeologizmebi xatovani enobrivi saSualebebia, romlebicgadmogvcemen eris zne-Cveulebebs, maT miswrafebebs, kulturas.frazeologizmebi rTul enobriv erTeulebs warmoadgens.frazeologiur erTeulSi Semaval sityvebs damoukidebeli mniSvnelobaar gaaCniaT. isini warmoadgenen myar gamoTqmebs.enis gamomsaxvel saSualebaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukaviafrazeologiur erTeulebs. frazeologizmebSi SemWidroebuli saxiTgadmoicema grZnobebisa da azrebis rTuli kompleqsi. amitom maTTvisdamaxsiaTebelia gansakuTrebuli organizacia yvela doneze.frazeologiuri erTeulebi, romlebic pirveli mwerlis, publicistis,politikosis mier warmoiqmneba, an adamianTa yoveldRiuri, Cveulebriviyofis pirobebSi iqmneba, rogorc garesamyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebelniSan-TvisebaTa, mimarTebaTa gadmocemis Sedegi, iZenenfrazeologiurobis statuss, Tuki daculia frazeologiur fondSi maTiCarTvis aucilebeli piroba - isini enis matareblebisaTvis farTodgamoyenebad, xatovan erTeulad iqcevian. komunikaciur aqtSi maTisrulfasovani monawileobisaTvis adresati da adresantic unda flobdeskulturul da enobriv kods, rac iZleva frazeologiuri erTeulisamocnobis, Semdeg ki misi mniSvnelobis gagebis, sworad gaSifvrisa dainterpretaciis saSualebas.frazeologizmebis kvleva dasavlur enaTmecnierebaSi xdebarTuli enobrivi gamonaTqvamebis interpretaciis ZiriTadi principebze,ufro konkretulad ki kompoziturobis principze (principle of compositionality)dayrdnobiT. ismis SekiTxva: ra unda icodes enobrivma subieqtma, raTaSeZlos zusti interpretacia im enobrivi gamonaTqvamisa, romelic maspirvelad esmis? udavoa, rom yoveli ena Seicavs gramatikuli43

winadadebebis usasrulo raodenobas da adamianis goneba ver SeZlebdayvela am winadadebis mniSvnelobis damaxsovrebas. enobrivi gamonaTqvamisinterpretacias SesaZlebels xdis mxolod maTi mniSvnelobiskompozituroba anu is faqtori, rom gamonaTqvamis mniSvneloba miiRebamisi nawilebis mniSvnelobaTa garkveuli wesebis mixedviT kombinirebisSedegad. gaseri kopoziturobas enis erTerT yvelaze mniSvnelovanTvisebad miiCnevs Semdegnairad gansazRvravs mas, rogorc `Tvisebas,gamoviyvanoT frazis mniSvneloba misi Semadgeneli sityvebis da maTiSemakavSirebeli gramatikuli mimarTebebis mniSvnelobaTagan~ (Gasser 2001;1). Cven ar SevexebiT kompoziturobis sxavdasxva tipebs, radgan es scdebaCveni sakvlevi Temis farglebs. sakmarisia ganvixiloT martivi magaliTi,frazis wiTeli qudi eqstensionali moicavs qudis klasisa da wiTelinivTebis klasis TanakveTas anu yvela sagans, romelic aris wiTeli daamave dros aris qudi.absoluturi kompozituroba yvelaze advilad xelovnur,magaliTad kompiuterul enebSi dasturdeba, radgan maT `semantikas~ araxasiaTebs raime gamonaklisebi. bunebriv enebSi ki mniSvnelobaTakombinirebis SemTxvevaSi mravali moulodneli cvlileba, mniSvnelobisSezRudva an gavrcoba xdeba. swored amitom vudi srul kompoziturobasmiiCnevs erTgvar idealizaciad, rasac esa Tu is enobrivi gamonaTqvamimetnaklebad uaxlovdeba (Wood 1986; 6). maSasadame, kompoziturobaSeiZleba aRviqvaT rogorc erTgvari Skala, romlis erT boloSiganlagebulia absoluturad kompozituri frazebi, xolo meore boloSigamonaTqvamebi, romelTa mniSvneloba sruliad ara-kompozituria anu argamomdinareobs misi Semadgeneli elementebis mniSvnelobaTagan. sworedara-kompozituroba warmoadgens frazeologizmebis erTerT ZiriTadmaxasiaTebels, Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT gamonaTqvams SeiZleba esTviseba met-naklebi xarisxiT hqondes. magaliTisTvis, ganvixiloTramdenime gamonaTqvami 1 :1. Don’t forget to buy the wine for the party – it really would queer the pitch if we hadnothing to drink.1 qvemoTmoyvanil winadadebebSi frazeologizmi gansxvavebuli SriftiTaa gadmocemuli.44

gamoTqma queer the pitch absoluturad gaugebaria Tanamedrove inglisurSi,radgan zmna queer SecdomaSi Seyvanis, gafuWebis mniSvnelobiTistoriuladac arasaliteraturo enis kuTvnileba iyo da axla sruliadgamosulia xmarebidan, xolo pitch karvis an daxlis gasaSleli adgilismniSvnelobiT, uaRresad iSviaTad gamoiyeneba. amdenad, amfrazeologizmis mniSvneloba Tanamedrove inglisur enaSi absoluturadarakompozituria misi Semadgeneli elementebis pirdapiri Tu gadataniTimniSvnelobebis TvalsazrisiT.2. Jerry can’t come – his old man kicked the bucket last week.kicked the bucket (sikvdili) xSirad mohyavT, rogorc metaforuliidiomis tipiuri magaliTi, ramdenadac iTvleba rom es frazaabsoluturad ara-kompozituria. Tumca aq unda gavixsenoT rulisTvalsazrisi, rom zmna kick inglisur enaSi sistemuradaa dakavSirebulisikvdilis mniSvnelobasTan (Rhul 1975). oqsfordis inglisuri enisleqsikoni adasturebs am Tvalsazriss, radgan aq kick zmnis slengurmniSvnelobad moyvanilia sikvdili da es dadasturebulia SemdegifrazebiT: kick it, kick up, kick one’s heels, kick the bucket, kick out. es TvalsazrisiSeiZleba sadavo iyos, miT umetes, rom mas yvela leqsikoni rodiiziarebs (mag. Longman Dictionary of Language and Culture 1992), da frazas kick thebucket kompoziturs ra sakvirvelia ver vuwodebT, magram Cvens mierganxilul pirvel idiomasTan SedarebiT misi mniSvneloba metad`gamWvirvalea~.3. a. I take exception to that sort of treatment.b. I take offense at that sort of treatment.exception ar mowonebis, antipaTiis, protestis mniSvnelobiT Tanamedroveinglisur enaSi aRar gamoiyeneba garda am erTaderTi frazisa. Tumcamisi gamoyeneba gamonaklisis, normidan gadaxvevis mniSvnelobiT sakmaodxSiria da SeiZleba iTqvas, sityvis Zveli da axali mniSvnelobebiSeTavsebadia erTmaneTTan. 3b magaliTSi sityva offense misi sakmaodgavrcelebuli mniSvnelobiT gamoyeneba, xolo zmnas take imdenisxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc damoukideblad, ise sxvadasxvasityvaTSeTanxebaSi, rom Cven mier ganxilul orive SemTxvevaSi igi45

SeiZleba semantikurad cariel erTeulad miviCnioT. maSasadame, take offensegacilebiT ufro kopozituria vidre take exception, radgan mis SemadgenelerTeulTa kavSiri frazis saerTo mniSvnelobasTan ufro aSkara dapirdapiria.4. The women’s institute heard an interesting talk on how to run the Londonmarathon/a diesel engine/a hot bath/the National Theatre/the taps in the kitchen sink/theeconomy.am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs konteqstualurad ganpirobebulpolisemiasTan, rasac vxvdebiT zmnebTan, romlebic bevri sxvadasxvatipis obieqts Seiwyobs. am zmnebs aqvT konkretuli viwro mniSvnelobebisdidi raodenoba, romelTaganac erTerTis SerCeva xdeba obieqtismaxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare. Run amgvari zmnebis yvelaze tipiurimagaliTia. aseve sxvadasxva saxis qmedebas gulisxmobs cut frazebSi cutbread/ paper/ heroin/ a lecture/ a tunnel/ a film/ sandwiches an draw frazebSi draw apicture/ a plough/ a bow/ wire/ water/ money/ a curtain. zmnis aseTi polisemiurobaqmnis garkveuli bundovanebis safuZvels. magaliTad, run a race SeiZlebaniSnavdes rogorc rbolaSi monawileobas, ise mis organizebas; draw acurtain aris fardis daxatvac da misi gadawevac da a. S. Tumca semantikaSiam tipis frazebis funqcionirebis axsna sxvadasxva Teoriaze dayrdnobiTxorcieldeba, udavoa, rom aq saqme gvaqvs erTi elementis pirdapirimniSvnelobis da meore elementis garkveulwilad specifikurimniSvnelobis kombinirebasTan. amasTan kompoziturobis xarisxi sakmaodmaRalia.5. Would you rather drink milk, tea, or scotch?SeiZleba saubari garkveul gansxvavebaze drink zmnis mniSvnelobaSi, rocaigi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva tipis sasmelTan, imis mixedviT iqneba es cxeliTu civi, alkoholuri Tu ualkoholo sasmeli. Tumca es gansxvavebaminimaluria da am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs maqsimalurad srulkompoziturobas, rac ki SesaZlebelia bunebriv enebSi arsebobdes.kompoziturobis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT uaRresad sainteresoaagreTve Semdegi tipis magaliTebi:46

6. Invest in land/ short-term gilts / coffee/ your children’s future and you will neverregret it.Tavad zmna invest imdenad gamokveTili da Zlieri mniSvnelobismatarebelia, rom zemomoyvanili magaliTebisgan gansxvavebiT, igiaxerxebs Tavisi maxasiaTeblebi gadaados Tavis obieqts. ra obieqtic arunda Segvxvdes masTan, mag. land an coffee, isini ganixileba, finansuriTvalsazrisiT rogorc sabazro saqoneli. Tavad momavalic (children’sfuture) igive semantikur velSi eqceva. magaliTad, winadadebaSi invest yourtime in your children’s future droc ganixileba, rogorc fuli. am magaliTebSisaqme gvaqvs SemTxvevasTan, roca kompoziturobis principis Zala arRvevsfrazis Semadgeneli komponentebis individualur semantikas.Cven ganvixileT magaliTebi, romlebic adasturebs romkompoziturobis xarisxi SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc Skala srulikompoziturobidan srulad ara-kompozitur frazebamde. unda aRiniSnos,rom yvela zemomoyvanili SemTxveva warmoadgens erTidaigive sintaqsurkonstruqcias gardamavali zmna + obieqti. amis garda, semantikaSikompoziturobis TvalsazrisiT ganixileba sxva sintaqsurikonstruqciebic, magaliTad, luisi ganixilavs Semdegi tipiskonstruqcias (Lewis 1972):gardauvali zmna + qvemdebare –sruliad ara-kompozituridan (a pigin a poke) – absoluturad kompozituramde (square book).freizeri yuradRebas amaxvilebs konstruqciaze zmnas + nawilakida erTmaneTisgan gamijnavs SemTxvevebs, roca nawilaki iwvevs zmnismniSvnelobis stabilur cvlilebas (magaliTad, bolt/ drink/ gulp/ swig/ swallowdown, cache/ bank/ store/ stow away) da yvela danarCen SemTxvevas, romelTacmisi azriT gadataniTi mniSvneloba (figurative meaning) aqvs (Fraser 1976). aqacSeiZleba gamovyoT sxvadasxva xarisxis kompoziturobis mqone frazebi:sruliad ara-kompozituri – sally forth, egg on, eke out, water down da a. S.nakleb kompozituri – take off (e.g. an aeroplane)absoluturad kompozituri – fly awayfrazeologizmebis da maTi kompoziturobis ganxilvisasaucileblad unda SevexoT rTul leqsikur erTeulebs anu rTul47

sityvebs. sityvebis windmill/ sawmill/ flourmill erTi SexedviT erTgvariaagebulebiT, magram maT Semadgenel nawilebs Soris sxvadasxvamimarTebaa. sityvaSi windmill pirveli komponenti aris qari, romelicamuSavebs wisqvils, sawmill – pirveli komponenti aris funqcia anu xerxva,xolo flourmill – ki es nawili aris produqti, romelsac wisqviliawarmoebs. es gansxvavebebi adasturebs, rom maTi dekodireba ar arismartivi da erTgavrovani procesi da isinic SeiZleba ganlagdes Skalazekompoziturobis xarisxis mixedviT, magaliTad:A sruliad ara-kompozituri – alewife (Tevzis saxeoba)absoluturad kompozituri – flatfish (brtyeli formis Tevzissaxeoba)ra Tqma unda, rTul sityvebisa da frazeologizmebiskompozituroba ar aris srulad identuri, magram am sakiTxisdetalurad ganxilva scdeba Cveni kvlevis sferos.zemoganxiluli magaliTebidan naTelia, rom kompoziturobisprincipi ar aris universaluri, Tumca, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom misigaaqtiureba avtomaturad xdeba (Cruse 2000). es imas niSnavs, rom axaligamonaTqvamis Tu kombinaciis pirvelad gagonebisas enobrivi subieqticdilobs mis gadamuSavebas kompoziturobis principis gaTvaliswinebiT.amas moelis adresatisagan adresantic. Tu es principi ar moqmedebs, amisaxsna SeiZleba im faqtoriT, rom arsebobs iseTi gramatikulikomponentebi, romlebsac frazis mniSvnelobaSi ar SeaqvT gamokveTiliwvlili. kruzi gvTavazobs kompoziturobis principis SemdeggansazRvrebas: `rTuli gamonaTqvamis mniSvneloba warmoadgens misisemantikuri Seadgenlebis mniSvnelobaTa kombinirebis Sedegs, anu imSemadgenlebisa, romlebic zustad axdens mTeli erTeulis dayofas daromelTa mniSvnelobebic, adeqvaturad kombinirebis SemTxvevaSi, qmnissaerTo (globalur) mniSvnelobas~. Tavad avtori ganmartavs, romSemoTavazebuli definicia erTi SexedviT tavtologias Seicavs, Tumcaes STabeWdileba gaqreba, roca semantikuri Semadgenlis cnebisgansazRvras SevZlebT. igi amtkicebs, rom semantikuri Semadgenlisidentifikacia SesaZlebelia e.w. `ganmeorebiTi kontrastulobis testiT”.48

idealur SemTxvevaSi, semantikur Semadgenlebs unda hqondes SemdegiTvisebebi:1. maTi Canacvleba SesaZlebelia sxva erTeuliT (romelic igivegramatikul klass miekuTvneba), rac Secvlis mniSvnelobas.aq igulisxmeba principi, rom mniSvneloba gulisxobs arCevans.maSasadame, gamonaTqvams mniSvneloba aqvs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rocaigi arCeulia savaraudo alternativaTa ricxvidan. Tu elementisavaldebuloa, ar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas aqvs mniSvneloba. magaliTad,sityva cat winadadebaSi The cat sat on the mat akmayofilebs am pirobas, radganigi SeiZleba Caanacvlos sityvam dog, rac qmnis semantikuradgansxvavebul winadadebas The dog sat on the mat. amisgan gansxvavebiT, towinadadebaSi I want to eat ar akmayofilebs pirvel kriteriums, radgan isgramatikulad savaldebulo da erTaderTia. es kriteriumi mkvlevarTaazriT zedmetad mkacria da mxolod prototipuli TvalsazrisiTSeiZleba CaiTvalos validurad.2. erT konteqstSi Canacvlebis Sedegad miRebuli mniSvnelobiskontrastebi nawilobriv mainc ganmeordeba sxva konteqstSi igiveerTeulis gamoyenebisas.es principi asaxavs im martiv azrs, rom enobrivi erTeulis mniSvnelobamudmivi unda iyos konteqstis cvlilebis SemTxvevaSic ki. ganvixiloT amtestis operireba Semdeg magaliTebSi:(mat/box) The cat sat on a __.(mat/box) The __ is dirty.aq gamoyenebuli ori erTeuli mat da box mniSvnelobis erTidaigivekontrasts qmnis or gansxvavebul konteqstSi. maSasadame, oriveakmayofilebs semantikuri Semadgenlis identifikaciis kriteriumebs daSeiZleba winadadebis Sesabamis adgilas moTavsebis SemTxvevaSi amwinadadebis semantikur Semadgenlad CaiTvalos. marTalia,zemomoyvanilma testebma daadastura, rom mat aris winadadebis The cat saton the mat semantikuri Semadgeneli, magram es testebi ar aris sakmarisiimis dasamtkiceblad, rom igi minimaluri semantikuri Semadgenelia anumisi Semdgomi daSla ufro mcire semantikur Semadgenlebad49

SeuZlebelia. am mizniT saWiroa sityvis mat nawilebis `ganmeorebiTikontrastulobis testiT” gamocda.(-mat/-oss) The cat sat on the m—. = (?)(-mat/-oss) He has a new b—.upirveles yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom testis pirveli nawilidakmayofilebulia: -at SeiZleba Canacvldes –oss da miviRebT winadadebasThe cat sat on the moss, romlis mniSvnelobac gansxvavdeba winadadebisgan Thecat sat on the mat. daukmayofilebeli rCeba testis meore nawili, radganSeuZlebelia iseTi konteqstis povna, sadac –oss SeiZleba Caisvas –atnacvlad da miviRoT mniSvnelobis iseTive konstrasti, rogorcwinadadebaSi The cat sat on the mat. udavoa, rom kontrasti winadadebebs Thecat sat on the mat da The cat sat on the moss ar aris igive, rac winadadebebs He hasa new bat da He has a new boss Soris. aRniSnulis eqvivalenturi kontrastiarc erT konteqstSi ar meordeba –at da –oss Soris.es testi sakmaod saintereso Sedegebs iZleva. MmagaliTad, dissityvaSidisapprove, semantikur Semadgenels warmoadgens, radgan aprefiqsis arseboba-ararsebobas igive semantikuri efeqti aqvs approve-iskonteqstSi, rogoric sityvis like konteqstSi. igive dis- ar warmoadgenssemantikur Semadgenels sityvisa disappoint, radgan misi CamoSorebiTgamowveuli semantikuri efeqti ar meordeba arc erT sxva ZirTanmiarTebaSi (dis- damateba ar qmnis sityvis antonims gansxvavebiTsityvebisgan approve, mount). analogiurad, re- sityvaSi re-count (xelaxladaTvlis mniSvnelobiT) semantikuri Semadgenelia, Tumca amgvarad verCaiTvleba re- sityvebSi recount (Txroba), report, receive, revolve da a. S. esSedegebi emTxveva enobrivi subieqtis intuiciasac. SedarebiT naklebaSkaraa intuitiurad is faqti, rom arc straw- da arc –berry sityvidanstrawberry da arc black-, arc -bird sityvidan blackbird ar SeiZleba ganxiluliqnas rogorc semantikuri Semadgenlebi, radgan isini ver akmayofilebs`ganmeorebiTi kontrastulobis tests”. ra Tqma unda blackbird anu SaSviSavi frinvelia, magram testi aCvenebs, rom kontrasti winadadebebs Ablackbird was singing da A bird was singing Soris ar aris identuri kontrastisaJohn was wearing a black suit da John was wearing a suit winadadebebs Soris. calke50

sityvebis black da bird mniSvnelobebis Sekreba iZleva frazis black birdmniSvnelobas, rac ara SaSvs, aramed Sav Cits aRniSnavs.semantikuri Semadgenlis cnebis am sakmaod detaluri ganxilvisSemdeg SesaZlebeli xdeba saubari iseT gramatikulad rTulgamonaTqvamebze, romlis yvela gramatikuli Semadgeneli ar warmoadgenssemantikur Semadgenels. swored am tipis gamonaTqvamebs uwodebs kruziidiomas. Tumca miseuli ganmartebis mixedviT sityva blackbird idiomaturadunda CaiTvalos, ufro miRebulia am terminis gamoyeneba frazulierTeulebis mimarT.frazuli idiomebis ganxilvisas aucileblad unda gavusvaT xaziim faqtors, rom maTi winadadebaSi gamoyenebisas mTeli winadadeba rodixdeba idiomaturi. magaliTad,Jane pulled Martha’s leg about her boyfriend.ganmeorebiTi kontrastulobis testi avlens Semdeg semantikurSemadgenlebs: Jane, -ed, Martha, about, her, boyfriend (savaraudod boy da friend), pull–‘s leg. CamoTvlilTagan mxolod ukanaskneli SeiZleba CaiTvalos idiomad.semantikurad igi eqvivalenturia erTi leqsemisa. winadadebis yveladanarCeni Semadgeneli garda idiomisa SeiZleba Seicvalos ise, rom ardairRves frazis idiomaturoba, magram pull da leg erTeulTa Secvlagamoiwvevda idiomaturi mniSvnelobis dakargvas.Cven mier ganxiluli magaliTebidan naTelia, rom frazeologiurerTeulTa kompoziturobis xarisxi SeiZleba mkveTrad gansxvavebuliiyos. Tumca kompozituroba ar aris erTaderTi kriteriumi, romelzedayrdnobiTac xdeba idiomebis da zogadad frazeologizmebisidentifikacia. aseve mniSvnelovania e. w. produqtiulobis kriteriumi anuramdenad Tavisufladaa SesaZlebeli frazis Semadgeneli elementebiscvla. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa a. hilis mier SemoTavazebuliidiomebis identifikaciis testi (Healey 1968). upirveles yovlisa undamoxdes savaraudo idiomis dayvana mis minimalur formamde. Semdeg misiSemadgeneli TiToeuli morfemisTvis unda moiZebnos sxva kolokaciebi,sadac isini analogiuri mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba. Tu es Zebna nayofieriaRmoCnda, anu Tu vipoveT kolokacia, sadac mocemuli morfema igivemniSvnelobisaa, rogorc Sesaswavl savaraudo idiomaSi, maSin hilis51

azriT es fraza idiomad ver CaiTvleba, Tumca Cven vecnobiT amerTeulis naklebad gavrcelebul gamoyenebas (Healey 1968; 72). am jgufsavtori kvazi-produqtiul formebad miiCnevs, magaliTad, kvaziproduqtiuliformebis kategorias SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT takeoffense/umbrage/exception. vudi ar kmayofildeba mxolod sami jgufis –produqtiuli, kvazi-produqtiuli da ara-produqtiuli formebisgamoyofiTda miiCnevs, rom rogorc kompoziturobis SemTxvevaSi, aqacsaqme gvaqvs xarisxobriobis SkalasTan (Wood 1986). ganvixiloT ramdenimemagaliTi:1. We were counting on a big drop in interest rates, so Sir Geoffrey has really cookedour goose.fraza cook x’s goose misi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, ra sakvirevlia,produqtiulia. rogorc zmna, ise arsebiTi SeiZleba CavanacvloT sxvaerTeulebiT, mag. roast our goose, cook x’s chicken da a.S. idiomaturimniSvnelobiT ki es fraza absoluturad ara-produqtiulia, radgan misiarcerTi elementi sxva erTeulebTan ar monacvleobs. marTalia, zmnaicvlis formas drois, piris da ricxvis mixedviT iseve, rogorcpirdapiri mniSvnelobis SemTxvevaSi, xolo x elementi SeiZlebanebismieri piris formiT iyos warmodgenili, es ver CaiTvlebaproduqtiulobad, aramed gramatikul formaTa SeTanxmebad undaganvixiloT. gamonaTqvams SeiZleba Tan axldes msazRvrelebi, rogoricaathoroughly, yesterday, is SeiZleba Segvxvdes vnebiTi formiTac, magaliTad,They were hoping to reach New York in three days, but their goose was cooked when the winddropped. yovelive es ar uaryofs faqts, rom frazas cook x’s goose nulovaniproduqtiuloba axasiaTebs anu mis modelze ganxorcielebulileqsikuri variaciiT SeuZlebelia axali gamonaTqvamis miReba.2. It’s nearly eleven – time to hit the road.hit the road SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc amerikuli koloqvialurifrazebis mcire jgufis (hit the road /trail/pike/grit) (OED 1976) erTerTiwarmomadgeneli, romelTa saerTo mniSvnelobaa wavida, gzas gaudga. amfrazeologiuri erTeulis produqtiuloba naklebad SezRudulia. amasadasturebs rogorc Cven mier ukve moyvanili magaliTebi, ise isfaqtoric, rom zmna hit sakmaod msgavsi mniSvnelobiT sxva koloqvialur52

frazeologizebSic gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, hit the sack/hay, hit the bottle/booze,hit the books da sxv.3. Europeans who go to the Congo are likely to catch Malaria.catch malaria sakmaod produqtiulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radgan malariaSeiZleba Caanacvlos nebismierma sxva gadamdebma daavadebam. Tumca esproduqtiuloba SemosazRvrulia erTi semanitkuri veliT. es SezRudvaimdenad myaria, rom sxva SesaZlo arsebiTi saxelebic ganicdiangarkveul semantikur gavlenas. zmna catch SeiZleba Segvxvdesmdgomareobis, ZiriTadad ki emociuri ganwyobis mqone sityvebTan dayvela am SemTxvevaSi garkveuli paraleli gaivleba avadmyofobasTan.zogjer es msgvaseba eqsplicituradacaa gamoxatuli, magaliTad:They’ve all caught the mood of excitement/ this passion for collecting / election fever.aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom zmna catch TavisTavad uaRresad produqtiuliamisi sxva, rogorc pirdapiri, ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobebiT.4. You can see the river from our top window.aq iseTi mcire SezRudvac ar moqmedebs, rogorc frazis catch malariaSemTxvevaSi. see zmnasTan SeiZleba Segvxvdes saxeli, aRwera an sxvadasxvatipis miniSneba nebismier potenciurad xilul sagansa Tu moqmedebaze.SeiZleba warmovidginoT fantastikuri konteqsti, sadac arsebobsgamonaTqvamebi:see a blue donkey against the white sky/ a unicorn/ a thought, etc.gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba gamoTqmebi:I can see the point/ idea/ objection/ reason.zogadad, ar arsebobs leqsikuri erTeuli, romlis kombinirebis unarigarkveul SezRudvebs ar eqvemdebarebodes, Tumca can see albaTmaqsimalurad axlosaa bunebriv enebSi SesaZlo srulproduqtiulobasTan.maSasadame, SesaZloa visaubroT sxvadasxva xarisxisproduqtiulobaze, rac Cven ganvixileT sintaqsuri konstruqciis zmnas +obieqti magaliTze. analogiur Sedegebs gaCvenebs sxva sintaqsurikonstruqciebis analizi. am Tvalsazriss adasturebs nagi, romelicsaubrobs produqtiulobis Skalaze da xazs usvams am Skalazesxvadasxva konstruqciebis ganlagebis, maTi produqtiulobis xarisxebis53

gamijvnis sirTules (Nagy 1978). sintaqsuri TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebuliaSemdegi konstruqciebi, romelTa Sorisac SeiZleba gamoiyosproduqtiulobis sxvadasxva xarisxis mqone erTeulebi:a) zedsarTavs + arsebiTi saxeli -sruliad araproduqtiuli – runcible spoonSezRuduli produqtiulobis mqone – exorbitant taxes (da viwrosemantikuri velis Semadgeneli arsebiTi saxelebi, romelTaganyvela dakavSirebulia fulsa da gadaxdasTan mag. prices, fees, wageclaims)maRalproduqtiuli - white rose (zedsarTavi white adviladwarmoqmnis rogorc pirdapiri mniSvnelobis mqone formebs (mag.white paper, paint), ise specifikuri mniSvnelobis mqone kolokaciebs(white wine, magic, lies, noise)b) zmna + nawilaki -sruliad ara-produqtiuli – eke out, sally forthSezRuduli produqtiulobis mqone - send forth (sadac forthuaRresad SezRudulia produqtiulobis TvalsazrisiT, xolosend marTalia maRalproduqtiulia damoukideblad, magramsakmaod mcire raodenobiT kolokaciebs qmnis).maRalproduqtiuli – go away (fly/ run/ walk/ move back/ sideways/ up...aSkaraa, rom rogorc kompoziturobis, ise produqtiulobisganxilvisas rTuli gamonaTqvamebis ganlageba Skalaze xarisxiscvlilebis mixedviT ar iRebs mowesrigebuli, erTgvarovani sistemissaxes. gansxvaveba sxvadasxva erTeulis kompoziturobis anproduqtiulobis xarisxebs Soris Cveulebriv araTanabaria, zogjer kiimdenad minimaluri, rom ierarqiis organizacias arRvevs (Wood 1986)swored Cvens mier gaxilul kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT vudigvTavazobs idiomis Semdeg ganmartebas: `idiomi aris rTuligamonaTqvami, romelic sruliad ara-kompozituria mniSvnelobisTvalsazrisiT da srulad ara-produqtiulia formis TvalsazrisiT~(Wood 1986; 2). es definicia idiomaturobis ufro mkacr kriteriumebsgvTavazobs, vidre kruzis mier SemoTavazebul zemoganxiluli definicia,54

omelic gramatikuli da semantikuri Semadgenlebs Soris Tanxvedrisararsebobas efuZneba.idiomatur frazebs axasiaTebs garkveuli gramatikuliTaviseburebebi, rac SeiZleba mieweros im faqts, rom maT Semadgenlebsara aqvs mniSvneloba an rom es mniSvneloba ar aris damoukidebladaqtiuri. aq unda aRiniSnos Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi:a) idiomis calkeul elementTa gansazRvra iwvevs idiomaturimniSvnelobis dakargvas, magaliTad:She pulled her brother’s legs.She pulled her brother’s left leg.She pulled her brother’s leg with a sharp tug.SesaZlebelia mxolod idiomis, rogorc erTi mTlianis gansazRvra,magaliTad:She pulled her brother’s leg mercilessly.b) idiomis elementebi ar SeiZleba maerTebeli kavSiriTdaukavSirdes WeSmarit semantikur Semadgenlebs, magaliTad:She pulled and twisted her brother’s leg.She pulled her brother’s leg and arm.Tumca absoluturad misaRebia winadadeba, sadac mxolod semnatikuriSemadgenlebi ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs, magaliTad:She pulled her brother’s and her father’s leg.g) idiomis elementebze ar SeiZleba modiodes kontrastuli maxvilian moxdes maTi topikalizacia, magaliTad:It was her brother’s leg that she pulled.maxvili ar SeiZleba modiodes sityvaze leg, magram igi savsebiTbunebrivi iqneboda, magaliTad sityvaze brother’s:It was her brother’s leg that she pulled.d) idiomis elementebi ar SeiZleba gaxdes anaforuli referenciisobieqti.Mary pulled her brother’s leg; John pulled it too.magram misaRebia winadadebaMary pulled her brother’s leg; John did too.55

e) idiomi ikargeba misi nebismieri elementis sinonimiT CanacvlebisSemTxvevaSi, magaliTad nacvlad frazisa pulled his leg ar SeiZlebaSegvxvdesShe tugged his leg about it.She pulled his lower limb about it.kruzi miiCnevs, rom yvela am SemTxvevaSi idiomTa TiTqosdaanomaliuri Tvisebebi sruliad bunebrivi Sedegia im faqtisa, rom maTicalkeuli elementebi faqtiurad araviTar mniSvnelobas ar atareben(Cruse 2000). magaliTad, zedsarTavi saxelis funqcias warmoadgens imarsebiTi saxelis mniSvnelobis gansazRvra, modifikacia, romelsac iserTvis. Sesabamisad, Tu arsebiT saxels damoukidebeli mniSvnelobaar aqvs, masTan zedsarTavis gamoyeneba anomaliuria. igive mizeziTaixsneba idiomis elementTa mniSvnelobis aqcentirebis saSualebebisan maTi sinonimebis gamoyenebis dauSvebloba.v) gramatikis zogierTi aspeqti (mag. gvari) SeiZleba warmoadgendesidiomis nawils, Tumca es yovelTvis ar xdeba. magaliTad:His leg was pulled by the other boys.am winadadebaSi vnebiTi gvaris gamoyeneba ar arRvevs frazisidiomaturobas. maSasadame, moqmedebiTi gvari am SemTxvevaSi arwarmoadgens idiomis ganuyofel nawils. Tumca zog sxva SemTxvevaSigvaris cvlileba arRvevs idiomatur mniSvnelobas. magaliTad:The bucket was kicked by him.rusi enaTmecnierebis didi nawili iziarebs Tvalsazriss, romfrazeologiuri erTeulis mTavar niSans, romelic gansazRvravs misstatuss, warmoadgens misi semantikuri struqtura. semantikurstruqturas, rogorc a.v. kunini aRniSnavs, warmoqmnis aramarto enobriviwarmonaqmnis mniSvneloba, aramed misi gramatikuli gaformebac dasistemuri enobrivi kavSirebic.amJamad, rodesac gagvaCnia ufro zusti kriteriumebi, saWiroaSevamowmoT frazeologiis arsebuli klasifikaciebi mocemulimecnierebis Tanamedrove donesTan maTi Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT.Tuki gamovricxavT frazeologiuri erTeulebis specialurstilistikur diferenciacias (e. g. rizeli, i.a. Srukina), maSin saubari56

exeba or klasifikacias, romlebmac ukanaskneli 12-15 wlis manZilzefarTo gavrceleba hpova, esenia: semantikuri (v.v. vinogradovisklasifikaciis safuZvelze). da funqcionaluri klasifikaciebi.radganac semantikuri klasifikaciis sadavo momentebi ukanaskneliaTwleulebis manZilze mravalmxrivi kritikuli analizis saganswarmoadgenda rogorc inglisuri, ise qarTuli enis masalasTanmimarTebaSi, amitom mizanSewonilad migvaCnia frazeologiis ganxilvafunqcionaluri sistematizaciis TvalsazrisiT.funqcionaluri klasifikacia Seiqmna im periodSi, rodesac v.v.vinogradovis funqcionalurma gamokvlevebma uCvena enaTmecnierebs enismyari Sesityvebebis ganxilvis mniSvneloba ara marto rogorcgamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebisa. swored funqcionaluri kriteriumissafuZvelze moxda myari Sesityvebebis da iseT sityvaTa SeTanxmebebis`warTmeva" sintaqsisaTvis, romlebsac gaaCniaT nominaciuri mTlianoba.manamde aseTi Sesityvebebi ganixileboda sintaqsSi, da sityvaTwarmoebaSi,radganac mTeli rigi Sesityvebebisa mecnierTa mier miCneuli iyo rTulsityvebad. es erTeulebi - anu erTeulebi, romlebTac axasiaTebT wmindanominacia da aRiniSnebian, rogorc leqsikuri mTlianoba (gorodnikova,Srukina, rizeli), nominaciuri frazeologizmebi (CerniSeva) pirveladgamokvleul iqna rogorc Semadgeneli nawili moZRvrebisa Tanamedroveenis myari Sesityvebebis Sesaxeb.mocemulma garemoebam SesaZlebeli gaxada am jgufis myarisityvaTSeTanxmebebis funqciisa da struqturul-semantikuriTaviseburebebis agreTve, maTi ganmasxvavebeli Taviseburebebis detalurigamokvleva - sityvaTSeTanxmebebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic enaSiasruleben nominaciur - eqspresiul funqcias. amrigad, enis yvela myariSesityvebis ganxilva, romelTac gaaCniaT mTliani, erTiani nominacia daasruleben enaSi nominaciur an nominaciur-eqspresiul funqcias. amrigad,Zalian nayofieri iyo da xeli Seuwyo Tanamedrove enaSi maTifunqcionirebis meqanizmis garkvevas.Cveulebriv gamoiyofa myari Sesityvebebis ori didi jgufi:I jgufi - leqsikuri mTlianobani anu nominaciurifrazeologizmebi;57

II jgufi - nominaciur-eqspresuli frazeologizmebi.myari Sesityvebebis am ori jgufis Semadgenlobis konkretizaciakonkretizacia uCvenebs, rom funqcionaluri gansxvavebani, umetesSemTxvevaSi, dakavSirebulia struqturul-semantikuri xasiaTisTaviseburebebTan.am gansxvavebaTa xasiaTi yvelaze kargad Cans myar SesityvebaTaTiToeuli jgufis struqturisa da semantikis analizis dros, Tumcazogadad unda aRiniSnos Semdegi: I jgufi – inglisuri da qarTuli enise.w. nominaciuri frazeologizmebi - moicavs, jer-erTi myar Sesityvebas,romelTac gaaCniaT erTiani semantikuri nominacia komponentTa sakuTarleqsikur mniSvnelobaTa safuZvelze, am komponentTa yovelgvarisemantikuri cvlilebebis gareSe.maT umetes nawils warmoadgens atribuciuli Sesityvebebi:gansasazRvri - gansazRvreba, romlebic gamoiyeneba rogorc sxvadasxvatipis saxelwodebebi: geografiuli dasaxelebani, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo,politikuri Tu saerTaSoriso dawesebulebebis saxelwodebebi, wodebaTadasaxeleba, rTuli terminebi da a.S.yvela es sityvaTaSeTanxmeba, romlebic enaSi nominaciis funqciasasruleben, Zalze axlos arian rTul saxelebTan, gansxvavdebian amukanasknelTagan mxolod imiT, rom maTSi sityvebi cal-calke iwereba.amasTan aris dakavSirebuli maTi gadasvlis procesi rTul-Semoklebulda Sekvecil sityvaTa kategoriaSi, rac abreviaciis gziT xorcieldeba.leqsikur mTlianobaTa (anu nominaciuri frazeologizmebis) meorejgufs warmoadgenen sityvaTaSeTanxmebebi, romlebic warmoiqmneba erTerTikomponentis gadataniTi mniSvnelobis safuZvelze. es arisgadataniTi mniSvnelobis mqone sityvaTa sxva sityvebTan SezRuduliSeTanxmebis tipiuri magaliTebi, v.v. vinogradovis klasifikaciaSi maTewodeba frazeologiuri Sesityveba. aseT erTeulebSi gadmocemulimniSvneloba v.v. vinogradovis mier ganisazRvreba, rogorcfrazeologiurad SekavSirebuli, n.n. amosovas mier - rogorcuzualurad SekavSirebuli, v. Smidtis mier - rogorc ara sakuTari, anugadataniTi.58

aRniSnuli tipis erTeulebis struqturuli da semantikuriTaviseburebebis dasadgenad mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvna, rom1. sityvis gadataniTi mniSvnelobis safuZvelze warmoiqmnebamisi ara erTeuli SeTanxmeba sxva komponentebTan, aramed mTeliseria. myari Sesityvebebi SezRudulia sityvaTa garkveulisemantikuri jgufebiT.2. mocemuli tipis sityvaTSeTanxmebebi ar warmoadgenencalsaxa, upirobo semantikur mTlianobebs. isini analitikurierTeulebia. sityvebi - komponentebi, marTalia, warmoqmnianmTlianobas, amavdroulad maT gaaCniaT cal-calke mniSvneloba.im erTeulTa bolo jgufs, romlebic Sedian e.w. nominaciurifrazeologizmebis SemadgenlobaSi, warmoadgenen zmnuri myariSesityvebebi, romlebic Cvens da ucxoenovan literaturaSi cnobiliarogorc `analitikuri konstruqciebi".funqcionaluri klasifikaciis II jgufi - nominaciur-eqspresulifrazeologizmebi - Seicavs semantikurad gardaqmnil frazeologizmebs,romelTac gaaCniaT sityvaTa SeTanxmebebisa da winadadebebis struqtura.amrigad, funqcionalur klasifikaciaSi koncentrirebulia myarSesityvebaTa yvela saxesxvaoba. aq warmodgenilia SeTanxmebebi, romlebicwarmoiqmneba komponentTa semantikuri gardasaxvis gareSe (leqsikurimTlianoba), modelirebuli warmonaqmnebi (analitikuri da stilistikurgramatikulikonstruqciebi), seriuli warmonaqmnebi. frazeologizmebTanSedarebiT isini yvelani avlenen principul gansxvavebebs. maTi erTiklasifikaciuri sqemiT ganxilva ar iqneboda marTebuli.zemoT aRwerili kriteriumebis kompleqsis gamoiyenebam saSualebamogvca ufro zustad gangvesazRvra frazeologiuri erTeulebis arsi,agreTve maTi axali struqturul- semantikuri klasifikacia.frazeologiuri erTeulebi, warmoadgenen sityvaTa myarSeTanxmebebs, romelTa mniSvneloba warmoiqmneba maTi komponentebissemantikuri cvlilebebis, `gardasaxvis" Sedegad.gramatikuli struqturis mixedviT frazeologiuri erTeulebiSeiZleba warmoadgendnen sityvaTSeTanxmebebs, predikatiul SeTanxmebebsda winadadebebs. maTi mniSvneloba warmoiqmneba komponenturi59

Semadgenlobis struqturis, SeTanxmebis da semantikuri cvlilebisurTierTmoqmedebis Sedegad. am mniSvnelobis mixedviT gamoiyofafrazeologiuri erTeulebis Semdegi tipebi:1. frazeologiuri Senazardi,2. frazeologiuri SenaerTi,3. frazeologiuri Sesityveba.frazeologiuri Senazardis motivacia sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiTucnobia. misi mniSvnelobis dadgena xerxdeba mxolod diaqronuliTvalsazrisiT (istoriuli faqtebis moSveliebiT) an zogjer saerTodver xerxdeba misi warmoSobis dadgena. aseTi Senazardi sintaqsuriTvalsazrisiT winadadebis erT wevrs warmoadgens. igi sityvisekvivalenturia Tavisi mniSvnelobiT, magram es mniSvnelobadakavSirebuli ar aris frazeologizmis Semadgenel komponentebTan damaTgan ar gamoiyvaneba anu igi sruliad ara-kompozituria da amasTanaveara-produqtiuli. magaliTad, out of the mouth of babies and sucklings – tuCebze dedisrZe ar SeSrobia. niSnavs jer ar gazrdila. aq Tamamad SegviZlia aseTgamoTqmas idiomi vuwodoT.frazeologiuri SenaerTis mniSvneloba ar udris TviTonfrazeologizmis Semadgeneli komponentis mniSvnelobis jams, magram esmniSvneloba motivirebulia (gansxvavebiT frazeologiuriSenazardisagan) mocemuli komponentebiT. frazeologiuri SenaerTisdros, TiTqos da ar xdeba azrobrivi kavSiris gawyveta mis SemadgenelkomponentebTan. Cveulebriv, aseTi tipis frazeologizmebi gadataniTi,metaforuli mniSvnelobis mqone tropebad gvevlineba. maSasadame, maTfrazeologiur SenazardTan SedarebiT kompoziturobis maRali xarisxiaxasiaTebT. isini TavianTi gramatikuli struqturiT warmoadgenensityvaTa predikatiul Sesityvebebs da winadadebebs. komunikaciuridaniSnulebis mixedviT:1. sayovelTao (sazogadod) gamoyenebis andazebi:`wiwilebs Semodgomaze iTvlian",`rac mogiva daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao"...2. Semdegi tipis andazebi: `ai, sad marxia ZaRlis Tavi".60

3. myari Sorisdebulebi da modaluri gamoTqmebi...F frazeologiuri SenaerTebis, anu gamoTqmebis, pirveli da meorejgufebis Semadgneloba SeiZleba Sevsebul iqnes erTeulebiT, romlebicukavSirdebian antikur literaturas. magaliTad: aqilevsis qusli,ariadnes Zafi,. . . …aseT frazeologiur gamoTqmebs tradiciulad uwodeben `frTiangamonaTqvamebs" da yvela klasifikaciaSi gamoyofen calke jgufad.magram frazeologiuri sistemisa da am sistemaSi frazeologiurgamoTqmaTa funqcionirebis sinqronuli aRwerisaTvis amfrazeologizmebis ganxilva calke jgufad ar aris marTebuli, radganacstruqturuli da semantikuri TvalsazrisiT isini ar gansxvavdebian sxvafrazeologiuri gamoTqmebisagan.frazeologiur gamoTqmaTa yvela zemoT moyvanili jgufi avlensfrazeologiurobis or ZiriTadi Tvisebas: maT komponentebs Sorismxolod erTaderTi kavSiris, SeTanxmebis arseboba; semantikurigardaqmnis, xelaxali gaazrebis specifikuri nairsaxeoba. ase, magaliTad,andazebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia didaqtikuri azri, romelic vlindebaSesabamisi saxis axalaxali gaazrebiT.frazeologiuri SenaerTis erTerTi komponentis Canacvleba Tundacsinonimuri erTeuliT iwvevs misi metaforuli mniSvnelobis dakargvas.frazeologiuri Senazardis msgavsad frazeologiuri SenaerTileqsikurad ganuyofelia, misi Semadgeneli gramatikuli formebi dasintaqsuri wyoba mkacradaa gansazRvruli. gansxvavebiT frazeologiuriSenazardisagan igi motivirebulia Tanamedrove enobrivi realiebiT dauSvebs mis komponentebs Soris garkveuli sityvebis CarTvas, magaliTades Cems/ mis/ mtris wisqvilze asxams wyals.frazeologiur Sesityvebas Cven vuwodebT frazeologizmebs,romlebic warmoiqmneba erTi semantikurad saxecvlili komponentiscalkeuli kavSiris (bmis) Sedegad. sxvagvarad SeiZleba iTqvas, romfrazeologiuri Sesityveba warmoadgens myar Sesityvebas, romlismniSvnelobac, gansxvavebiT zemoganxiluli frazeologiuri61

jgufebisagan, gamomdinareobs misi Semadgeneli elementebismniSvnelobaTagan, anu kompozituria.frazeologiuri Sesityvebebi SeiZleba iyos terminologiuri,agreTve araterminologiuri xasiaTisa. msgavsi frazeologiurierTeulebis semantikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia analitikuroba dakomponentTa semantikuri damoukideblobis (calkeobis) SenarCuneba.gansxvavebiT frazeologiuri Senazardebisa da SenaerTebisagan, amSemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia adgili hqondes erTerTi elementis sinonimurierTeulebiT Canacvlebas (ra Tqma unda, SezRuduli raodenobiT). amdros frazeologiuri Sesityvebis erTi elementi ucvlelia, myaria,xolo meore cvladad gvevlineba. magaliTad:Burn with anger/ desire/ indignationaseTi frazeologizmebi mravalricxovani ar aris, radganacnebismieri enisTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli da tipiuria gadataniTimniSvnelobis mqone erT-erTi komponentis calkeuli, erTeuli SeTanxmeba.rogorc wesi, sityvis gadataniTi mniSvneloba qmnis seriul SeTanxmebasama Tu im semantikuri jgufis sityvebTan.aqedan gamomdinare zemoTmoyvanili frazeologiuri tipebiSeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc frazeologiuri konstruqciebi, romelTagageba yvela enaSi, garda calkeuli sityvebisa, lingvisturi erTeulebissaxiT gamoiyeneba. maT ubralod frazeologizmebi ewodeba. magaliTad,suliT Raribi.amasTan, enaTmecnierTa nawilis azriT, zemoganxiluli samijgufidan mxolod frazeologiuri Senazardebi miiCneva sufTa saxiTidiomebad. frazeologiuri SenaerTebi ki amgvarad ver CaiTvleba,radgan es iseTi SemTxvevebia, rodesac frazeologizmebis mniSvneloba,marTalia ar udris frazeologizmSi Semavali sityvebis jams, magramisini mainc motivirebuli frazeologizmebia, radganac azrobrivikavSiri mis Semadgenel komponentebTan erTgvarad SenarCunebulia.rac Seexeba terminologias, Tu ra terminiT SeiZlebaganvsazRvroT mTeli rigi gamoTqmebi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT erTeuliSeTanxmebadoba, aferxebs terminologiur sizustes. Tumca maT zogadadSegviZlia vuwodoT frazeologizmebi. aucilebelia ganvasxvavoT62

frazeologizmebi erTis mxriv, sityvaTa Tavisufali SeTanxmebisagan, dameores mxriv, gancalkavebuli sityvebisagan.frazeologiuri konstruqcia, pirvel rigSi enaSi funqcionirebsiseve rogorc calkeuli sityvebi, meore mxriv, ki Tavisi struqturiT igigvevlineba rogorc rTuli mTlianoba, romlis Semadgeneli komponentebiganixileba, rogorc damoukidebeli sityvebi.Tu gaviTvaliswinebT frazeologiuri konstruqciis, rogorclingvisturi erTeulis diferencialur maxasiaTeblebs, igi SeiZleba aseganvsazRvroT: frazeologiuri konstruqcia - es aris rTuli xasiaTismqone ori an meti komponentisagan Semdgari kvlavwarmoebadi erTeulienisa, romelsac aqvs erTiani, mTliani mniSvneloba da TavisiSemadgenlobiT da struqturiT aris mdgradi. frazeologiurikonstruqciis ZiriTad Tvisebas, romelic mas Zireulad ganasxvavebssityvaTa Tavisufali SeTanxmebisgan da amasTanave aaxloebs massityvebTan, warmoadgens kvlavwarmoeba. frazeologizmebi ar warmoiqmnebaurTierTobis procesSi. isini aRiqmeba, rogorc gamzadebuli mTlianierTeulebi, romlebic mexsierebidan gamodis gamzadebuli mTlianinimuSebis saxiT, zustad ise, rogorc damoukidebeli sityvebi.iseTi konstruqciebi, rogoricaa SecdomaSi Seyvana, zRvaSi wveTi,ar warmoiqmneba misi Sesatyvisi sityvebisagan, anu ar udris masSiSemavali sityvebis jams. isini gonebaSi warmoiSoba mTliani erTeulissaxiT rogorc sinonimebi sityvebisa - motyueba, cota da a.S.frazeologizmebis mTavari niSan-Tvisebebia Semadgenlobismdgradoba, misi struqtura da mniSvnelobis mTlianoba.azrobrivi TvalsazrisiT frazeologizmebi gamodian, rogorcerTiani, mTliani. im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca maTi semantika asaxavs misiwarmomqmneli sityvebis mniSvnelobas.frazeologiuri konstruqciebi Sedgebian iseTi komponentebisagan,romlebic mWidrod arian erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, rogorc mTlianisnawilebi da ganlagebuli arian erTmaneTisgan mkacrad gansazRvruliwesiT. Semadgenlobis mdgradoba da frazeologizmebis Semadgenelikomponentebis adgilmdebareoba atarebs iseTsave xasiaTs, rogoric63

SeiZleba aRiniSnos sityvis morfemuli Semadgenlobis daxasiaTebisas.komponentebis rigis nebismieri cvlileba molaparakis mier aRiqmeba,rogorc axlis warmoqmna, romelic jdeba enis sistemis sazRvrebSi. TugaviTvaliswinebT ormagi xasiaTis frazeologiur konstruqciebs,rogoricaa magaliTad: mTeli suliT - mTeli guliT, Tavidan fexebamde -Tavidan quslamde. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom calkeul SemTxvevebSifrazeologizmebis Semadgenel komponentebs SeuZliaT Seicvalon, Tumcaes mTlad ase ar aris. sinamdvileSi aseTi tipis konstruqciebi ariandamoukideblebi erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi da amasTan, calke warmoiqmnebaerTeulebi sinonimuri sityvebis msgavsad.zogierT frazeologiur konstruqciebs, romelTa SemadgenlobaSiSedis zmna, aqvT unari orgvarad ganalagon komponentebi Tumca es arniSnavs, rom maTSi komponentebis ganlageba aris aramdgradi: da aseTfrazeologizmebSi misi warmomqmneli sityvebis adgilmdebareoba arismudmivi da fiqsirebuli, magram ara erTgvarovnad. igi qmnis or erTnairSesaZlo variantul formas.frazeologiuri konstruqciebis umetesobas gaaCnia wmindasityvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba maTSi, rogoricaa Seuvaloba,SeuZlebelia raimes Camateba. magaliTad: - Tvalis Cini, gulis dardi,gulis murazi da a.S.ZiriTadi gansxvaveba frazeologizmebisa Tavisufali sityvaTakavSirisagan sakmaod naTelia. `lakmusis furclebis" msgavsad aqSeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes ori faqti: struqturuli Taviseburebani dagramatikuli gaformebis xasiaTi.principSi `klasikuri" sityvebi iTvleba warmoqmnilebad, romelicSedgeba iseTi nawilebisagan, romlebsac damoukideblad sityvis gareSearseboba ar SeuZliaT. isini iyofa morfemebad (Tu ra Tqma unda arwarmoadgenen Zireul sityvebs, romlebsac ar aqvT axali sityviswarmoqmnis unari). es morfemebi realurad mxolod sityvebSi arseboben.rac Seexeba frazeologiuri konstruqciebis umetesobas, isini Sedgebianara morfemebisagan, aramed mTliani sityvebisagan maTi formebisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli yvela TvisebebiT. magaliTad:to hold one’s tongue64

enas kbili daaWireisini enaSi funqcionireben rogorc gancalkevebulad gaformebuliwarmonaqmnebi.ramdenadac sityvebi, romlebic qmnian frazeologizmebs,semantikurad da morfologiurad damoukideblebi arian, amdenadfrazeologizmebis gamoyofa calkeuli sityvebisagan umetes SemTxvevaSisiZneles ar warmoadgens. sirTule Tavs iCens maSin, roca ganxilvissagania frazeologiuri SenaerTi. aseTi konstruqciebi Tavis mxriv qmnissityvis aramotivirebul ekvivalents, romelTa Semadgeneli komponentebisemantikurad absoluturad gancalkevebuli arian.frazeologiur SenaerTSi ar aris iseTi sityvebi, romelTacSeiZleba mivaniWoT damoukidebeli semantika. frazeologiuri SenaerTebiqmnian lingvisturi erTeulis Sualedur jgufs. sityvebisaganfrazeologiuri SenaerTebi gansxvavdeba mxolod garegani fonetikurigaformebiT.frazeologiuri konstruqcia winadadebaSi yovelTvis gvevlinebamisi ama Tu im wevris saxiT. swored am funqciiT ama Tu imfrazeologizmis gamoyenebis upiratesoba damokidebulia imaze, Tu raurTierTobaSia igi gansazRvrul metyvelebis nawilTan. kerZod, misleqsiko-gramatikul mniSvnelobasTan. TavianTi leqsikur-gramatikulimniSvnelobiT gvevlinebian zmnizedis analogiebad da aqedan gamomdinare,winadadebaSi warmodgenili arian garemoebebad; frazeologizmiiwarmoeba zmnasTan mimarTebaSi da amitomac winadadebaSi gvelvinebaSemasmenlis saxiT.frazeologiuri konstruqciis ama Tu im metyvelebis nawilTamimarTebisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba gramatikulad mTavari sityvisxasiaTs. Tumca mTavari/ZiriTadi sityvis leqsikur-gramatikulimniSvneloba yovelTvis ar emTxveva frazeologizmis leqsikurgramatikulmniSvnelobas.daskvnebi:ganxiluli masala SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs gavakeToT Semdegi65

1. frazeologiuri erTulebis identifikaciisTvis kriteriumebiskompleqsis gamoyeneba iZleva frazeologizmebis gamoyofis saSualebasufro obieqturi enobrivi, da ara marto funqcionalur-stilistikurimaCveneblebis bazaze.2 .frazeologiurobis kriteriumebs ufro Tanmimdevrulad avleneniseTi frazeologiuri mTlianobebi, romelTac warmoadgenen qvewyobilikavSiris mqone struqturul-sintaqsuri Sesityvebebis tipebi.3. frazeologiuri gamoTqmebi pasuxoben frazeologiurobiskriteriumebs komponenturi Semadgenlobis calkeuli, erTeuliSeTanxmebis mxriv.frazeologiis SigniT klasifikaciaSi didi roli uWiravs idioms,romelic, rogorc gansakuTrebuli enobrivi erTeuli, Tavisi TvisebebiTfrazeologizmebis mwvervals warmoadgens. igi samecniero literaturaSisadavo sakiTxia. mecnierTa umravlesoba upiratesobas aniWebs termins,,frazeologizmi” vidre ,,idiomi” vinaidan miiCneven, rom issrulyofilad ver gamoxatavs cnebas, xolo frazeologizmebi farTocnebaa da is aerTianebs frazeologiur erTeulebsa da frazeologiurkonstruqciebs. idiomi ufro da ufro iWers adgils enisfrazeologiaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi umeteswilad gamoiyenebafrazeologiuri erTeulebis gansazRvrul tipTan mimarTebaSi, rasac CvensavsebiT veTanxmebiT.ena ar warmoadgens calkeuli adamianis TviTnebur qmnilebas,aramed is xalxs ekuTvnis, Tumca, ena gamoxatavs calkeuli adamianismsoflmxedvelobas. am azrs aviTarebs v. humboldti. igi xazs usvams imdebulebas, rom ena erTdroulad ekuTvnis calkeul adamiansac da mTelsazogadoebasac. humboldti ambobs, rom ena WeSmarit arsebobas iRebsmxolod adamianTa mier urTierTSoris xmarebis dros. yoveli enagadaiSleba mTlianad Tavisi TaviseburebebiT, Tavisi gansakuTrebulobiTmxolod cocxal metyvelebaSi (humboldti). mniSvnelovania is, rom imdros, rodesac mecnierebi gatacebuli iyvnen mkvdari klasikuri enisSeswavliT, SemecnebiT, ukve wina planze wamoiwia cocxali enis, xalxurisityvaTxmarebis Seswavlis aucileblobam.66

ena ar SeiZleba warmovidginoT erTxel da samudamod gamzadebulmasalad, romelic ar SeiZleba Seicvalos. Tavisi arsis mixedviT, enaaris raRac mudmivi, amasTan erTad yovel mocemul momentSi gardmavali.ena aris moRvaweoba, moqmedeba, amitom misi gansazRvra SeiZleba iyosmxolod genetikuri. ,,mSobliuri ena mWidrod da mravalmxriv arisdakavSirebuli sazogadoebaSi adamianis cxovrebis mraval mxaresTan. esdebuleba samarTliania yvela xalxisa da yvela enis mimarT”.(gamyreliZe2003; 461)ucxo enis Seswavlis dros xSirad gaocebas iwvevs is gansxvavebebi,romlebic axasiaTebs axal enas mSobliur enasTan SedarebiT. amismizezia gansxvavebebi sxvadasxva enobrivi sazogadoebis gamocdilebaSi,rac mravalgvari enobrivi saSualebebiT SeiZleba iyos gamoxatuli.inglisuri ena warmoadgens biznesis politikis da kulturissaerTaSoriso enas. is ukve gaxda sakomunikacio ena sxvadasxva qveynisaTu erovnebis xalxebisaTvis. rodesac ucxo enaze vsaubrobT, xandaxanxdeba, rom msmeneli ver gaigebs da xSirad svams SekiTxvas ,,ra?”, ,,kidevxom ver gaimeorebT?”, an ufro uaresic, msmeneli ibneva da saerTodwyvets saubars. TiToeul am SemTxvevas SeiZleba vuwodoT intervalikomunikaciaSi. es intervali SeiZleba iyos ,,patara an didi”. es SemTxvevaSeiZleba SevadaroT eleqtronul wredSi eleqtroenergiis nakadismoZraobas. Tu ki nakadi wredis nebismier adgilas SeCerda, CerdebamTeli sistema. Ee.i. rodesac raRac aferxebs ideebis, azrebis nakads,saubaric wydeba. zogi intervali komunikaciaSi gamowveulia leqsikurian gramatikuli, zogic ki idiomaturi gamonaTqvamebisas daSvebuliSecdomebis gamo.amgvarad, savsebiT aucilebelia, rom nebismieri ucxo enisSeswavlisas amosaval wertilad miviCnioT CvenTvis Sesaswavl enazemosaubre xalxTa kultura, romelic adamianTa cxovrebisa da qcevisfarTo sferoa, romlis aSkarad gamoxatul da umniSvnelovanes nawilsena Seadgens.T. gamyreliZe safuZvlianad ganmartavs idioms da aRniSnavs, rom:,,idiomi anu idiomaturi gamoTqmebi formiT emTxveva TavisufalSesityvebebs, magram maTi leqsikuri struqtura, azrobrivad67

gardaqmnilia. maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia erTiani (bmuli) mniSvneloba,leqsemis msgavsi sinTezuri funqcia” (gamyreliZe 2003; 376)termini `idiomi" momdinareobs berZnuli sityvidan idioma rac`Taviseburebas" niSnavs. amJamad am terminiT aRiniSneba frazeologiurerTeulTa erTi tipi – idiomebi, xolo somaturi idiomebis arsebobaenaSi am debulebis erT-erTi damadastuebelia, Tumca somaturiidiomebis sakiTxs Cven detalurad Semdeg paragrafSi ganvixilavT.cocxali ena metad mdidari, moqnili, feradi da xmovania. mravalisityva da gamoTqma kvdeba, ibindeba, isvenebs da Semdeg xelaxlabrundeba. TiToeul idiomSi kargad Cans ama Tu im eris gansakuTrebulileqsika, frazeologia, gamosaxvis mxatvruli xerxebi. idiomatikaleqsikis organuli da amave dros Taviseburi nawilia.idiomebi warmoadgenen enis leqsikis maragis yvelaze ufroTvalwarmtac, feradovan da xatovan nawils, maT sxvadasxva leqsikuridatvirTva aqvT ama Tu im tipis komunikaciaSi, amitom maTi sworigamoyeneba metad mniSvnelovania, vinaidan, enis filosofia gulisxmobs,rom nebismieri individis mizania, gaagebinos meore mxares da gaigosnaTqvami, enis gamoyenebisas adgili aqvs Semdeg sam movlenas.-vambobT raimes;-vaniSnebT, Tu rogor unda miiRos msmenelma Cveni naTqvami-Sedegad, msmenelze vaxdenT konkretul gavlenasCveulebriv, saubrisas Cven samive am moTxovnas vasrulebT anvcdilobT SevasruloT, radganac nebismieri SemTxveva, roca mTqmelisganzraxva msmenelisTvis gaugebari rCeba, komunikaciis marcxad iTvleba.swored am miznis ganxorcielebas uSlis xels enaSi arsebuli kliSeebi,metaforebi, idiomaturi gamoTqmebi da frazeologiuri erTeulebi,romlebic calkeul enaSi Taviseburad arian warmodgenilni da SeiZlebaiTqvas, rom Tavis wyaros xalxuri metyvelebis yvelaze ufromiuwvdomeli siRrmidan iRebs.metyvelebis idiomaturoba sasaubro stilis mudmivi da umTavresadmniSvnelovani Taviseburebaa. Aarsebobs sxvadasxva gzebi da saSualebebiimisaTvis, rom Cveni metyveleba ufro mravalferovani gaxdes. nebismieri68

ena iZleva uamrav saSualebas, raTa Cvens azrebsa da SegrZnebebssruliad emociuri gamomsaxveloba mieniWos.yoveldRiuri metyvelebis Cveulebriv da spontanur dialogebSimosaubreni ara marto erTmaneTs uziareben sakuTar azrebsa da ideebs, anerTmaneTSi cvlian sxvadasxva informacias, aramed isini Cveulebriv enissaSualebebiT gadmocemen TavianT grZnobebsa da emociebs, romlebicgamosaxaven adamianTa im mdgomareobas, romelSic isini imyofebian.ena, rogorc mTliani, warmogvidgeba sityvaTa siuxveSi. sityvispirdapir mniSvnelobas ki warmoadgens is ganmarteba, romelic enobrivkodSia dafiqsirebuli, rogorc abstraqtuli cnebis iolad SesagrZnobiniSani, romelic Tavis mxriv, asocirdeba garkveul saganTan anfenomenTan. urTierTqmedeba sityvis msgavs, pirdapir mniSvnelobasa damis konteqstualur, mikro-konteqstis mier nakarnaxev interpretaciasSoris sxvadasxva doneze SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. l. vigostis mixedviTsityva aris azris garegani forma, azri ki ar gamoixateba sityvaSi,aramed xocrieldeba masSi. l. vigostma pirvelad gansazRvra Sinaganimetyvelebis adgili gamonaTqvamis Camoyalibebis dros. gamonaTqvamisrTuli procesis saTave zogadi Canafiqria: igi gaivlis Sinaganimetyvelebis stadias da ganxocrieldeba metyvelebaSi, gamonaTqvamSi.bunebrivi ena warmoadgens iseT fenomens, romelic Tavisi orisaxiT arsebobs: ena, rogorc saSualebebisa da maTi SekavSirebis wesebissistema, da ena, rogorc realuri manifestacia, realizacia cocxalmetyvelebaSi. enis meore mniSvnelovan Tvisebas warmoadgens misiobieqtur – subieqturi buneba; ena sazogadoebaSi iqmneba dasazogadoebaSi funqcionirebs; ena obieqturia, rogorc garkveulienobrivi erTobis produqti. amavdroulad, igi subieqturia,individualuria.samecniero literaturaSi adamianis ena daxasiaTebulia, rogorcbunebivi ena, romlis meSveobiTac xasiaTdeba adamianis aqtivoba.bunebrivi ena adamians saSualebas aZlevs gadmosces Tavisi azrebi daideebi da agreTve miiRos sxvadasxvagvari informacia. is exmarebaadamians, ufro naTlad gamoxatos Tavisi ganwyoba da damokidebulebaama Tu im movlenis an sagnis mimarT, vidre sxva sakomunikacio69

araenobrivi saSualebebi; rogoricaa: Jesti, mimika, romelTa gamoyenebiTSeiZleba iTqvas, mwir informacias vRebulobT, xolo dualoba, romelicbunebrivi enis sfecifikuri maxasiaTebelia, saSualebas gvaZlevs,miviRoT uamravi sxvadasxva saxis gamoTqma, romlis wyoba misSemadgenlobaSi Semavali erTeulebis sxvadasxvagvarurTierTganlagebazea damokidebuli.nebismieri enis SemswavlelTaTvis yvelaze did sirTuleswarmoadgens frazeologiuri SenaerTebisa da idiomaturi gamoTqmebisSeswavla. dasavleli enaTmecnierebi sayuradRebo koncefciasgvTavazoben calkeul komponentTa idiomaturobis xarisxis Sesaxeb. imismixedviT, Tu ramdeni komponenti ganicdis idiomatizacias, xolo ramdeniinarCunebs denotatur-sityvier mniSvnelobas. isini asaxeleben (calkeul)calmxrv, ormxriv da mravalmxriv idiomebs. cnobilia, romfrazeologizacia, rogorc movlena, azrovnebis, Semecnebis rTulprocesebs ukavSirdeba, amitom frazeologiur erTeulebSiidiomaturobis matarebeli komponentebis dadgena da misi denotaturobisgansazRvra metad mniSvnelovania. calmxriv idiomaSi erTi komponentiaidiomatizirebuli; ormxrivSi - ori da a.S. frazeologiur erTeulebSiidiomaturi elementebis gamoyenebis axleburi klasifikaciis TeoriulRirsebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom igi SeiZleba mivusadagoTmetyvelebis nawilebs. am koncefciidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba visaubroTfrazeologiuri erTeulebis jgufebze metyvelebis nawilebTanmimarTebaSi:1) zmnuri frazeologiuri erTeulebiinglisur enaSi: to open one's heartto move smb's heartto stir smb's heartto have one's heart set on smthto put one's foor in itto keep one's fingers crossedto give someone a handqarTul enaSi: mxedvelobidan dakargva70

cxviris Cayofacxviris CamoSvebasuliT dacemaTvalebiT WamsTavSi uqris da mravali sxva2) substanturi frazeologiuri erTeulebi:inglisur enaSi: the apple of one's eyeheart failurethe brain drainelbow roomqarTul enaSi: Tvalis Cinigulis vardigulis xmaWkuis kolofipiris gemo3) zmnizeduri frazeologiuri erTeulebi, rogorc magaliTad;inglisur enaSi: head over heelsbehind the earsback of his handhead and shoulders above the othersout at elbowsall in my eyeshead over earsqarTul enaSi: Tavze TovliTvalwincxvirwinzurgs ukanfexqveS da sxva.4) arsebiT saxelTa wyvilebis frazeologiuri erTeulebi:magaliTad.:71

inglisur enaSi: tooth and nailneck and cropflesh and bloodlife and soulqarTul enaSi: sisxli da xorciZvali da tyavisuli da guli da sxva5) zedsarTuli frazeologiuri erTeulebi:inglisur enaSi: doubled-facedcrocodile tearsthe green-eyed monstera left handed complimentmealy-mouthedled by the noseqarTul enaSi: mxargrZeliTvalwarmtacigulmarTali da sxva6) windebuliani frazeologiuri erTeulebi:inglisur enaSi: with half an eyedown in the nouthfrom hand to mouthin the teeth ofunder the thumbofon the face of itup in armsradganac qarTul enas ar gaaCnia windebuli, mis funqcias xanzmnizeda, xan Tandebuli asrulebs.semantikuri cvlileba, romelic gavlenas axdens frazeologiurerTeulebze, ar gulisxmobs calkeul konstituentTa ubralod72

mniSvnelobis cvlilebas. mag.: `to have egg on a face" niSnavs `gamoiyurebodasulelurad”, ,,aRmoCnde arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi”, roca am somaturidioms viyenebT, sulac ar vfiqrobT adamianze, romelsac SeiZlebakvercxi hqondes saxeze.swored es igulisxmeboda, roca avRniSneT, rom frazeologiurierTeulebi xasiaTdeba semantikuri erTobliobiT, tradiciuli midgomiT,frazeologiuri erTeulebi ganmartebulia rogorc sityvaTa jgufi,romelic atarebs erT mniSvnelobas, maSin roca Tavisufal SesityvebaSiTiToeuli mniSvnelobis mqone konstituenti atarebs damoukidebelSinaarss.es aris Tviseba, rac amsgavsebs frazeologiur erTeulebssityvebTan: sityvebic da frazeologiuri erTeulebic floben semantikurerTobliobas, Tumca sityvebi, agreTve, struqturuli erTobliobiTacxasiaTdebian.mecnierTa umravlesoba semantikur kriteriums miiCnevs ZiriTadfaqtorad rac frazeologiur erTeulebs ganasxvavebs TavisufalsityvaTa SenaerTebisagan; mecnierTa es nawili aRiarebs frazeologiurerTeulTa im ganmartebas, romelsac profesori a.v. kunini gvTavazobs.igi ganmartavs, rom frazeologiuri erTeuli es aris myari sityvaTajgufi, romelsac axasiaTebs mniSvnelobis nawilobrivi da mTlianigadatana, anu Secvla. (Кунин)rogorc ganmartebidan Cans, frazeologiur erTeulSi semantikuricvlileba SeiZleba iyos mTliani an nawilobrivi, faqtiurad,semantikuri cvlileba SeiZleba Seexos mTel winadadebas an misromelime komponents magaliTad:to wear one's heart on one's sleevevinmes intimuri ambebis gamomJRavnebato have one's heart on one's bootRrma depresiaSi yofna da a.S.idiomaturi gamoTqmebis Sefasebisas da dadgenisas gadamwyvetimniSvneloba gamoTqmis garegnul formas eniWeba da ara mis Sinaarss.Tavdapirvelad maTi umravlesoba Tavisufali Sesityvebebis saxiTarsebobda, romlebmac nel-nela dakarges pirvandeli mniSvneloba da73

moxda arsebuli Tavisufali Sesityvebis axleburi gaazreba. amTvalsazrisiT, metad sainteresoa qarTuli enis idiomebi. magaliTad:Tavze nacris dayraTavze cecxlis danTebaam idiomebis pirdapiri mniSvneloba iyo `Zveli Cveuleba - glovisniSnad nacarSi goraoba da Tavze nacris dayra. safuZveli; simboluridawva - qmris gardacvalebisas mis cols cecxlSi swvavdnen. am werisgadavardnis Semdeg misi adgili daiWira simbolurma TviTdawvam.adamians swvavdnen danaSaulis drosac. Semdeg es wesic nacris dayriTSeicvala. xolo xatovnebis mniSvnelobTi es aris glova, mwuxareba...Tavis Sercxvena, Tavis damcireba..." (jorbenaZe 1997; 91).Tavze Semovleba - es idiomis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT asegamoixateboda. `Zvelad mZime avadmyofis sawolis irgvliv SeaotarebdnenxatisaTvis aRTqmul cxovels, romelsac unda etvirTa avadmyofis senida codva. es iyo `ganyvanebis (gantevebis) vaci". xolo xatovnad es arisxvewna, patronoba, zrunva... visime nacvlad Tavis gawirva (jorbenaZe 1997;91).idiomis Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mas rac ufro metadaqvs dakarguli kavSiri Tavisufal SesityvebasTan, rac ufro metadbundovania, anu aramotivirebulia, miT ufro maRalia idiomis xarisxi.idiomis mTavari Tviseba, misi originaluroba da arastandartulobaa.misi mTavari arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mis komponentebs dakarguliunda hqondeT ZiriTadi mniSvneloba. maT ar unda hqondeT SenarCunebuliTavianTi individualuri da Tavisufali mniSvneloba. rac ufro metikomponenti iqneba aseTi idiomSi, miT ufro metia mTliani semantikisidiomaturoba.sityvaTa semantikuri struqtura moicavs maTi motivaciisproblemas, anu urTiarTmimarTebas sityvis garegnul aspeqts – formasada mis mniSvnelobas Soris.semantikuri motivacia efuZneba pirdapiri da gadataniTimniSvnelobebis Tanaarsebobas. is mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebsxatovani enis gamomxatvelobiT Zalas.74

Zalzed mniSvnelovania agreTve Tu romeli konstituentismniSvnelobidan gamomdinareobs uSualod idiomaturi mniSvneloba daromel konstituents Seaqvs wvlili Tavisi gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT.bevr mkvlevarTa SromebSi konstituentTa semantikuri datvirTvaganxilulia gansxvavebuli kuTxiT. kerZod, integrirebuli mniSvnelobismotivaciis xarisxiT, anu xerxdeba Tu ara idiomatur mniSvnelobaSimisive xatis motivacia; Tu xerxdeba maT motivirebuli ewodeba da Tuara – motivacia dakarguli. Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi arsebul somaturidioms ,,yurebze xaxvi ar damaWra” – motivacia dakarguli aqvs, vinaidanpirdapiri mniSvnelobiT `Zvelad damonebis niSnad datyvevebuls yursaWridnen, xolo dezinfeqciis mizniT zed daWril xaxvs ayridnen (yursnebiTac iWridnen...) anu es idiomi zustad aRwerad arsebul movlenasa Tufaqts, xolo dReisaTvis am idioms xatovnebis funqcia akisria racniSnavs `verafers damakleb, ver damimorCileb, ver momerevi.... (b.jorbenaZe, 1997). magram ,,fexebi daubakuna” niSnavs – daemuqra. am idiomsTavisi xati frazeologizaciis amosaval Tavisufal sintaqsurSenaerTTan mimarTebaSi SenarCunebuli aqvs. aseve motivirebulia Semdegiidiomebi qarTul enaSi. ,,yuri auwia” – dasaja, ,,Tvali Caukra” – aniSna.marTalia, am idiomebis mniSvneloba ar udris maTSi Semavali sityvebisjams, radganac yuris aweviT, marTlac SeiZleba dasajo vinme da TvalisCakvriT raRac aniSno vinmes. aseve sakmaod mravlad moiZebnebamotivirebuli idiomebi Tanamedrove inglisur enaSic. magaliTad:point the finger at someonedaabralo, daadanaSaulo vinmeShow one’s handgamoaaSkarao vinmes ganzraxvathrow dust in a person’s eyesmoatyuo, gaacuro vinmeam idiomebs SenarCunebuli aqvT TavianTi xati.da mainc `ra aris idiomi? da rogoria misi mimarTeba sityvasTan daTavisufal SesityvebasTan. Cven zemoT SemogTavazeT idiomis ramdenimeerTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli definicia. am cnebis ganmartebebi moipovebaqarTul lingvistikaSic. magaliTad, erTi TvalsazrisiT idiomi aris ama75

Tu im enis Taviseburi dauSleli gamoTqma, romlis mniSvneloba arudris Semadgeneli sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa jams (oniani ). qarTulenaTmecnierebaSi idiomis yvelaze misaRebi da srulyofili ganmarteba a.TayaiSvilma daafiqsira, romelic ase ganimarteba: ,,idiomi arisSesityvebis formisa da eqspresiuli funqciis mqone semantikuraddauSleli erTeuli, romlis mniSvneloba ar udris komponentebismniSvnelobaTa jams” ( TayaiSvili 1961; 40).igi aris Sesityvebis formis mqone Taviseburi mtkicedCamoyalibebuli gamonaTqvami, romlis struqturis Secvla Semadgenelikomponentebis SecvliT TiTqmis SeuZlebelia da mza formas warmoadgens.idiomis gageba sityva-sityviT SeuZlebelia. idiomi Seicavs orkomponents mainc, amdenad, calke aRebuli sityva - martivi Tu kompoziti,idiomad ar miiCneva. es imas niSnavs, rom agebulebis mixedviT idiomimkveTrad gansxvavdeba sityvisagan, magram emTxveva Cveulebriv TavisufalSesityvebas, ramdenadac idiomis komponentebi metwilad cocxalisityvebia, romlebic daubrkoleblad ixmarebian metyvelebaSi idiomTagareSec. Tavisufal SesityvebaSi maT aqvT sakuTari mniSvneloba. idiomiskomponentebs Soris gramatikuli SekavSirebac, Cveulebriv, emTxvevaTanamedrove enis normebs. amitomac idiomis gverdiT SeiZlebaarsebobdes misi omonimuri Tavisufali Sesityveba, romelic agebulebismixedviT arafriT gansxvavdeba idiomisagan; mag: `Tvalebis gaxela" an`Tvalebis dabrmaveba" SeiZleba vixmaroT rogorc Tavisufali Sesityveba(rodesac gvinda aRvniSnoT Tvalebis gasvlis an Tvalebis dabrmavebisrealuri faqti), an rogorc idiomis mniSvnelobiT - raimes gageba,gamofxizleba an piriqiT.maSasadame, idiomi Tavisufali Sesityvebisagan agebulebis mixedviTar gansxvavdeba.cnobilia, rom Tavisufal SesityvebaSi (an winadadebaSi) Semavalsityvebs aqvT damoukidebeli mniSvneloba, romelTa jami, gramatikuladSekavSirebuli, gvaZlevs Sesityvebas (an winadadebis) saerTo Sinaarss.mag: `biWi burTs TamaSobs", `biWi TamaSobs" an `burTs TamaSobs". amisdiametralurad sawinaaRmdego viTareba dasturdeba (somatur) idiomebSi.idiomis mniSvneloba ar gamomdinareobs misi komponentebis e.i.76

Semdgeneli sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa jamidan. idiomebSi: `gulidan lodismoxsna" `Tvalebidan cecxlis yra" - komponentTa mniSvnelobaSTanTqmuli idiomis saerTo SinaarsiT, calkeul sityvas dakarguli aqvssemantikuri TavisTavadoba da ganuyofeli leqsikuri erTeulis rolSigvevlineba mTeli gamoTqma: mag: idiomSi `suli kbiliT uWiravs"komponentebis mniSvnelobaTa jami arafers gveubneba im mniSvnelobisSesaxeb, rac am idioms aqvs: Zlivs iTmens, Zlivs ikavebs Tavs, cuddReSia. aseTivv semantikuri TavisTavadobiT gamoirCeva inglisuri enissomaturi idiomic. magaliTad:strengthen one’s handxelis gamarTva (daxmareba)es aris erTi - yvelaze arsebiTi gansxvaveba idiomsa da TavisufalSesityvebas Soris. sayuradReboa agreTve meore gansxvavebac: TavisufaliSesityvebis ageba sxvadasxagvarad xdeba metyvelebis dros. idiomebi kimza formiT arseboben enaSi. isini metwilad erTnairad meordebianmetyvelebaSi, e.i. Semadgeneli, anu komponentebis monacvleoba idiomebSi,Cveulebriv, ar xdeba. maSasadame, Tavisufali SesityvebisagangansxvavebiT, idiomebis Sedgeniloba xasiaTdeba dauSlelobiT anmyarobiT.unda aRiniSnos, rom Cvens mier moZiebuli yvela idiomis zmnasinglisur da qarTul enebSi moqmedebis SezRuduli sfero aqvs da igivezmna Tavisufal SesityvebaSi bevrad ufro met saxelTan gamoiyeneba.magaliTad: zmna – Cavardna – qarTul somatur idiomebSi gvxvdeba Semdegsomatur komponentebTan: gulSi, xelebSi, muxlebSi - ,,gulSi Cauvarda”,,xelebSi Cauvarda” ,,muxlebSi Cauvarda”. Tavisufal SesityvebaSi ki eszmna gacilebiT ufro met saxelebTan ixmareba. magaliTad:77

wyalSiWaSiCavardnamdinareSizRvaSiqvabSiinglisur enaSi am somaturi idiomebis absoluturi ekvivalentebisxvadasxva zmniT arian gamoxatuli, magaliTad:Have the heart on smbgulSi CauvardaThrow in one’s handsxelebSi CauvardaDrop on one”s kneesmuxlebSi Cauvardada piriqiT, aviRoT zmna – to lose inglisur enaSi, romelic Semdegsomatur komponentebTan gvxvdeba: yurebi, fexebi, Wkua, guli, ena, xoloTavisufal SesityvebebSi es zmnac ufro met saxelTan gamoiyeneba,radganac misi ZiriTadi leqsikuri mniSvnelobaa – dakargva. magaliTad:fulispasportisdakargvawignisCanTisbeWdis78

am zmnis Semcveli inglisuri somaturi idiomebis qarTuliabsoluturi ekvivalentebic sxvadasxva zmniT gamoixateba. magaliTad:lose heartyurebis Camoyralose one’s legsfexebis warTmevalose one’s mind on smbWkua meketebalose one’s heart to smbguli misdis vinmezelose one’s tongueenis warTmevamaSasadame, idioms aqvs saerTo niSnebi rogorc sityvasTan, iseTavisufal SesityvebasTan. amave dros sityvisagan is gansxvavdebaagebulebiT, magram uaxlovdeba mniSvnelobis mixedviT. TavisufalSesityvebasTan aerTianebs agebuleba, magram ganasxvavebs mniSvneloba; e.i.idiomi formiT Sesityveba - Sedgeba ori an meti gramatikuladgaformebuli elementisagan, magram mniSvnelobis mixedviT es SesityvebaerT sityvas utoldeba - semantikurad is sityvis ekvivalentia.inglisuri da qarTuli enebis zogierTi somatur idiomebs gaaCniaTrogorc gadataniTi iseve pidapiri mniSvnelobebic, rac Zalian amsgavsebsmaT Tavisufal SesityvebebTan.magaliTad inglisur enaSi:to stand behind smb’s backto go red in the faceto slip through one’s fingersto click one’s heelsto stick in one’s throatto tread on one’s toesto drow smb’s teethqarTul enaSi:79

gulze xelis dadebagulis arevatuCze kbenafexze wamodgomafexze dabijebaTavi moifxanaulvaSi moiparsaamrigad, idiomi aris Sesityvebis formis mqone dauSlelileqsikuri erTeuli, romlis mniSvneloba ar gamomdinareobskomponentebis mniSvnelobaTa jamidan. aqedan gamomdinare, udidesimniSvneloba eniWeba idiomaturi gamonaTqvamebis swor gamoyenebas.inglisuri gamonaTqvamebis an idiomebis gamoyeneba erT-erTiganmsazRvreli niSania imisa, iyenebs mas mSobliur enaze molaparake Tuara mSobliur enaze molaparake. swored amiT SeiZleba gaizomos eniscodnis done. Tu igi SeZlebs idiomSi `to keep an eye on smth". daumatoszedsarTavi saxeli da Tqvas `to keep a watchful eye on smth.". es imas niSnavs,rom mas aqvs enis grZnoba.idiomebTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebidan unda aRiniSnos mTavari:enis SemswavlelTavis iseTi idiomaturi gamoTqma, rogoricaa to pull one'sleg ar niSnavs imas, rac erTi SexedviT Cans. am SenaerTis mniSvneloba arudris masSi Semavali komponentebis mniSvnelobaTa jams. Tumca aq bevriTaviseburi elementia. igi SeiZleba pirdapir mniSvnelobiTac iqnesgagebuli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.sabednierod, SesaZlebelia erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavoT idiomaturida araidiomaturi gamonaTqvami semantikuri konstituentebismniSvnelobaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. frazeologiur erTeulebsa da idiomebsorgvari buneba aqvT: konstituentebis mniSvneloba qmnis garkveulsuraTs. magram faqtiuri mniSvneloba am erTeulisa mcired, zogjer kisaerTod arafriT ukavSirdeba am Seqmnil suraTs.yovelive zemoTTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, romenis kvleva pragmatul aspeqtSi yvelaze sainteresod mainc SesaZlebeliasemantikis doneze, radganac subieqti sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs ufroTavisuflad epyroba, vidre fonemebs an gramatikul morfemebs, amitomac80

enis pragmatuli mxare Zalian did gavlenas axdens semantikaze: esgavlena ki gamoixateba swored iseT semantikur procesSi, rogoricaa -idiomatizacia.enis semantikuri analizi gvexmareba garkveuli warmodgenaSegveqmnes imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoraa danaxuli mocemul enaSi garesamyaro, ra wesebis mixedviTaa igi segmentirebuli masSi, radganc enakulturasac asaxavs, romelic mocemuli enis semantikur struqturaSia.amgvarad, inglisuri da qarTuli enebis SepirispirebiTi analizisSedegad SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom orive enis idiomatika Semdeg niSnebsefuZneba:1. gamoyenebis maRali sixSire;2. unars – erTmaneTs daupirispiros neitraluri dastilisturad Seferili somaturi idiomebi;3. mraval mniSvnelobas;4. sinonimebisa da antonimebis doneze semantikuri paralelebisgavlenis unars;5. sametyvelo procesSi aqtiuri gamoyenebis dones.am kuTxiT Catarebuli analizi gviCvenebs, Tu rogoraa danaxulisomaturi elementebi frazeologiur erTeulebSi da idiomaturgamonaTqvamebSi, romlebic sakmaod amdidreben enas, gviCveneben Tu rogoraisaxeba mocemul enaSi gare samyaro da movlenebi. ena ki mTeli TavisiSida sistemiT emsaxureba azris xorcSesxmas. sityvaTa sworiurTierSexameba ki naTlad gamoxatavs eris fsiqologias.inglisuri da qarTuli enebis somaturi idiomebis SeswavlisasmniSvnelovnad migvaCnia ori aspeqtis gamijvna: onomasiologiurisa dasemasiologiuris. semasiologia enobriv erTeulebs ganixilavs maTi Sidasistemuri mimarTebebis TvalsazrisiT, sityvis semantikis struqturuliorganizaciis samive mimarTulebiT, samive kuTxiT: paradigmatikaSi(sistemuri mimarTebani), sintagmatikaSi (kavSirebi xazovan rigSi),epidigmatikaSi – semantikuri sityvaTwarmoebis kuTxiT sityvismniSvnelobaTa kavSiris mixedviT. onomasiologia ki enobriv erTeulebsganixilavs maTi sagnobrivi mimarTulebis TvalsazrisiT.81

somaturi idiomebi asaxaven nebismieri gamovlenis xarisxobrivgradaciebs da xSir SemTxvevaSi gaZlierebis funqciasac asruleben.minimalur leqsikur sintagmebSi ,,ganmsazRvreli – gansasazRvri”aZliereben sagnis, movlenis an sxva niSnis Tvisebas, romelic Cadebuliasintagmis gansasazRvri wevris semantikaSi. somaturi idiomebis mierTvisebis gaZliereba SeiZleba iyos rogorc raodenobrivi isexarisxobrivi, rac ganxorcieldeba mocemuli Tvisebis xatovanixelaxali gaazrebis gziT. magaliTad:Be in a flood of tearscremlebis niaRvariBe all eyesoTxi Tvalis gamobmaGo purple in the facesaxeze almuri asdishave got nerves of steelrkinis nervebiorive enaSi somatur idiomebs Tan axlavs kombinaciaSi an calcalkestilisturi konotaciuri niSnebi: emociuroba, SefasebiToba,gamomsaxveloba, romlebic ganapirobeben maT eqspresiurobas. somaturiidiomebis eqspresiuli gamomsaxvelobis xatovnebas safuZvlad udevsmaTi eqstralingvisturi Sesabamisoba, Sefardeba sagnebTan anTvisebebTan ganxorcielebuli sxva saganze/Tvisebaze miTiTebis gziT,rac gulisxmobs Sepirispirebas, Sedarebas. aqedan gamomdinare ki –sagnebis, movlenebis Sefasebas im mimarTebaTa safuZvelze, romlebicarseboben realur an warmodgeniT samyaroSi.zemoT ganxiluli masalis safuZvelze, naTlad Cans idiomebisSinagani buneba da specifika, rasac gansazRvras is oTxi arsebiTi niSani,romlebic a. TayaiSvilma Camoayaliba:1. idiomi semantikurad dauSlelia da sityvis ekvivalenturia.2. idiomis mniSvneloba ar udris komponentebis mniSvnelobaTa jams.3. eqspresiuloba idiomis specifikuri mxarea.4. idioms aqvs Sesityvebis forma. E82

es oTxi niSani erTmaneTTan mWidrod urTierTqmedeben daerTmaneTs avseben, ris safuZvelzec isini idiomis saerTo daxasiaTebasgvaZleven anu swored am oTxive niSnis erToblioba qmnis idioms. Turomelime maTgani gamoTqmas aklia, mas idiomad ver CavTvliT(TayaiSvili 1961; 37). Tumca aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom Cven idiomaturobiskriteriumad ar miviCnevT absolutur ara-kompoziturobas da srul araproduqtiulobas.miT ufro rom, rogorc zeviT moyvanilma magaliTebmadaadastura, orive es maxasiaTebeli frazeologizmebs met-naklebixarixsiT aqvT da am SemTxvevaSi gamokveTili sazRvrebis gavlebapraqtikulad SeuZlebelia.idiomebi inglisur da qarTul enebSi sakmaod mravalferovanjgufs warmoadgenen, rogorc SinaarsiT, ise gamoyenebiTa da gamoxatvisformiT – es leqsikis gansakuTrebuli fenaa, romlis sazRvrebi Riaa daromelic gamudmebiT ivseba.83

2.2. somaturi idiomebi da maTi klasifikaciasoma berZnuli sityvaa – soma – rac tans, sxeuls niSnavs. es terminiSemoiRo zoologma vaismanma. misi moZRvrebis mixedviT somaupirispirdeba Canasaxovan plazmas, romelic Taobidan Taobas gadaecemasqesobrivi ujredebis saSualebiT. somatologia berZnulad soma (somaiona)sxeuli da logoa moZRvreba – anTropologiis nawilia, romelic ikvlevscvlilebebs adamianis sxeulis agebulebaSi misi sicocxlis dros, xolosomaturi aRniSnavs sxeulTan dakavSirebuls, ara fsiqikurs.somaturi leqsika XX saukunis dasasrulsa da XXI saukunisdasawyisSi lingvistTa yuradRebis centrSi moeqca. TanamedrovesinamdvileSi globalizaciis, integraciisa da kulturaTaurTierTgamdidrebis pirobebSi aqtualuri gaxda kulturaTaSorisikomunikaciis, maT Soris im leqsikis Seswavlis efeqturobis amaRlebissakiTxebi, romlebic xels uwyoben qveyanaTmconeobiTi,kulturologiuri codnis gaRrmavebas, rac Seesabameba komunikaciurilingvistikis, ucxo enis aqtualuri dauflebis miznebsa da amocanebs.rusi mecnieri i. n. karulovi aRniSnavs, rom enas ver gavigebT, Tuar gavcdebiT mis farglebs, Tu ar mivmarTavT mis Semoqmedebs,matarebelsa da momxmareblebs - adamianebs, konkurentul enobrivpirovnebas (Караулов 1987; 7). adamianisadmi mimarTva ver iqneba nayofieriim leqsikis analizisa da gagebis gareSe, romelic ukavSirdeba sakuTrivmis Secnobas, pirvel rigSi, somaturi leqsikis analizis gareSe,romelic ganaxorcielebs misi agebulebis saxeldebas, anu misi sxeulisnawilebis saxelwodebaTa jgufis gareSe. amitom ar aris SemTxveviTi,rom somaturi leqsika, romelic nebismier enaSi leqsikuri sistemisuZveles fenas miekuTvneba, lingvistTa yuradRebis centrSi moeqca -somatizmebis garesamyaros realizebasTan farTo da mravalferovanikavSirebi aixsneba adamianis sxeulis nawilebis onTogenetikurifunqcionaluri TvisebebiT da maTi farTo simbolizaciiT.enisa da lingvistikis ganviTarebasTan erTad interesi somaturileqsikisadmi rogorc enobrivi universaliisadmi sul ufro Rrmavdeba84

da iZens axal Sinaarss - erTveba axal-axal samecniero-TeoriulkvlevaTa orbitaSi.somaturi idiomi, romelic Seicavs somatur komponents, Cveulebrivgaigeba rogorc frazeologizmi, romlis wamyvan an damoukidebulkomponents warmoadgens sityva, romelic aRniSnavs adamianis organizmisara marto garegnul fizikur formebs (Tavi, xeli, cxviri da a.S.), aramedmisi gulsisZarRvTa, nervul da sxva sistemebis elementebsac (sisxli,tvini, RviZli, guli da a.S.). am frazeologizmebis arCeva imiTaaganpirobebuli, rom sfe (somaturi frazeologiuri erTeuli)komunikaciurad metad mniSvnelovani da xSirad gamoyenebadi erTeulebia.es frazeologizmebi spontanurad, erTmaneTisgan damoukidebladwarmoiqmneba sxvadasxva periodsa da sxvadasxva enaSi. maT saerTosafuZvels warmoadgens adamianis saerTo fizikuri da fsiqologiuriniSan-Tvisebebi, ganviTarebis saerTo pirobebi.samecniero literaturaSi aRiniSneba, rom somatizmebi leqsikiserT-erTi yvelaze Zveli jgufebia, romlis bazazec xSiriafrazeologizmebis warmoqmna.miuxedavad garkveuli mdgomareobisa, somaturi frazeologiaganuwyvetliv icvleba da viTardeba. f. vaki gamoyofs somaturifrazeologiis Secvlis sam gzas:• arqauli, moZvelebuli masalis amovardna;• axali frazeologizmebis an maTi variantebis warmoqmna;• ukve arsebuli masalis semantikuri gardaqmna.cvlilebas ganicdis rogorc frazeologiur erTeulTa forma, asevemaTi Sinaarsi.somatur idiomebs Soris gansakuTrebiT mdidariafrazeologizmebi, romlebSic warmodgenilia grZnobis organoebisdasaxeleba, romelTa meSveobiTac adamiani aRiqvams garesamyaros,Seimecnebs sakuTar mes da sakuTar Tavs am samyaroSi. frazeologizmebikomponentebiT Tavi, Tvali, cxviri, xeli, guli, yuri, ena Seadgenensomaturi idiomebis 70%-s.adamianisa sxeulis nawilTa saxelebi SeiZleba gavyoT gareganinawilebisa da Sinagani organoebis saxelwodebebad.85

lingvistebi yovelTvis calsaxad ar ganmartaven termins`somanizmi". magaliTad, f. vaki am termins gansazRvravs rogorc sityvaTamyari kompleqsebis erTobliobas, romelTa SemadgenlobaSi Sedisadamianisa da cxovelis sxeulis nawilebis saxelwodebebi, agreTvesxeulSi arsebuli siTxis (`sisxli") dasaxelebas, da sityvebs, romlebicar asaxeleben sxeulis nawilebs, magram uSualod arian dakavSirebuliadamianis organizmTan (`nervebi", `Zvali" da a.S.) avtori agreTvesomatizmebSive ganixilavs myar Sesityvebebs, romlebic warmoqmniliasimboluri Jestebisa da mimikis aRweris Sedegad.o. nazarovi somatur frazeologizmebSi ganixilavs mxolod iseTerTeulebs, romelTa SemadgenlobaSi Sedis adamianis sxeulis nawilebissaxelwodebebi. igi ar ganixilavs am jgufSi Jestur da mimikurfrazeologizmebs.Cveni azriT, somatizmebis SemadgenlobaSi marTebulia ara martoadamianis sxeulis nawilTa aRmniSvneli leqsemebis Seyvana, aramed imsityvebisac, romlebic uSualod dakavSirebuli arian adamianisorganizmTan (Zvali, kani, sisxli, nervi, kunTi da a.S.), radgan isiniaRniSnaven materialuri substanciis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovanelementebs, romelTa gareSec ver iarsebebs cocxali organizmi.amrigad, frazeologiuri erTeulebi somaturi komponetebiT, anuCvens mier moiazreba rogorc frazeologizmebi, romelTaSemadgenlobaSi Sedis sxeulis garegani nawilebi da organoebi, agreTvecocxali arsebis sxeulis Sinagani organoebi.sxeulis nawilebis saxelwodebebi, rogorc Cans, warmoadgenensityvaTa iseT jgufs, romlebic sakmaod xSirad monawileobenfrazeologizmebis warmoqmnaSi. amas adasturebs somaturifrazeologizmebis SepirispirebiTi kvlevebis masalebi, romlebSicSeswavlilia Sesabamisi frazeologiuri erTeulebi. maTi msgavsebagansxvavebani sxvadasxva enis safuZvelze. magaliTad, aseT naSromebsmiekuTvneba: i.a. dolgopopovis (rusuli, inglisuri, germanuli enebissafuZvelze), v.f. sknaris (inglisuri da ukrainuli enebis safuZvelze),r.m. variantraubis (slavuri enebis safuZvelze) kvlevebi; (agreTveРахштейн 1980; 113, Моркович 1972; 75)86

am naSromebSi aRniSnulia, rom frazeologiuri erTeulebiswarmoqmnis gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT gamoirCeva sityvebi, romlebicaRniSnaven xels, Tvals da Tavs. es garemoeba, cxadia, ar aixsneba Sidalingvisturi mizezebiT. es komponentebi pirdapir SesabamisobaSiaSemecnebis grZnobiT (Tvali) – one’s eyes deceiveTvali matyuebsda logikur (Tavi) – have got a good head on one’s shoulderskargi Tavi abiasafexurebTan, agreTve misi WeSmaritebis sazomTan - praqtikasTan (xeli).– to turn one’s hand - xeli mihyo raimessomaturi idiomebis es komponentebi, rogorc damoukidebelisityvebi miekuTvnebian xSirad gamoyenebadi leqsikuri zonisSemadgenlobas; isini leqsikuri sistemis uZveles da socialuradumniSvnelovanes nawils warmoadgenen. Cveulebriv, es polisemantikurisityvebia, romelTa calkeuli gadataniTi mniSvnelobebi frazeologiurerTeulTa frazeologiur mniSvnelobebSic aRiqmeba. Tumca gadamwyvetrols maTi pirveladi, pirdapiri mniSvnelobebi asruleben.a. blumis kvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, somaturi frazeologizmebiTanamedrove inglisur enaSi mravalricxovan jgufs Seadgens.gansakuTrebuli sixSiriT xasiaTdeba somatizmi hand. mas aqtiurobismixedviT mosdevs Semdegi sityvebi: head, eye, face, foot, nose, finger, heart.danarCeni somatizmebi (leg, arm, back, bone, brain, ear, tooth, skin, shulder, neck,tongue) naklebad gamoiyeneba, magram maTi frazeomawarmoebeli aqtivobasakmaod maRalia (блюм 2001;1). Cveni kvlevis Sedegad ki qarTul enaSigansakuTrebuli sixSiriT gvxvdeba somatizmi – guli, romelsacaqtivobis mixedviT mohyveba Semdegi somatizmebi: Tavi, Tvali, xeli, piri,fexi, yuri.sxeulis nawilebis saxelwodebebi ara marto pirdapirimniSvnelobiT figurireben sxvadasxva enis frazoelogiur sistemaSi maTsimboluri xasiaTic gaaCnia.87

inglisuri somaturi leqsikis Seswavlis mxriv cnobilia n.a.vlasovas, e.a. beliCenkos, E.S.Andersen, D.L. Nilsen da sxva mecnierTanaSromebi.nominaciis obieqtis mixedviT somaturi leqsika iyofa Semdegjgufebad (Мугу 2003; 81-82)1. somonimiuri leqsika, romelic emsaxureba adamianis sxeulisnawilebis aRniSvnas (berZn. soma-sxeuli+onim - saxeli, saxelwodeba);2. osteonomiuri leqsika, romelic aRniSnavs adamianis sxeulisZvlebs da maT SeerTebebs (berZn. osteon - Zvali);3. splanxnonimuri leqsika, romelic aRniSnavs adamianis sxeulisSinagan organoebs (berZn. splanchna - Sinagani, Signeuloba);4. angionimiuri leqsika, romelic emsaxureba adamianis organizmissisxlis mimoqcevis sistemis nominacias (berZn. Angeion - ZarRvi);5. senosnimiuri leqsika, romelic aRniSnavs adamianis organizmisgrZnobaTa organoebs (laT. sensus - grZnoba);6. leqsika, romelic aRniSnavs avadmyofobebs, sneulebebs daadamianis organizmis sxva gamovlinebebs.mocemuli klasifikacia asaxavs nominaciis mkacrad determinirebulobieqtebs, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia adamianis organizmisaTvis. igi araris damokidebuli imaze, Tu romel enas ganixilavs. magram leqsikurerTeulTa konkretuli Semadgenloba, romelic maT aRsaniSnavadaagankuTvnili, damokidebulia TiToeuli enis Taviseburebebze dagansxvavebulia rogorc xarisxobrivi, ise raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT.[Кочеваькин 1999; Мугу 2003]somaturi leqsikis swored es aspeqti warmoadgens lingvistTainteresis sagans, radgan swored igi iZleva enaSi kulturulnacionalurispecifikis gamovlenis saSualebas.mecnierTa mier dadgenilia, rom komunikaciis procesSiinformaciis mxolod 35% gadmoicema enis meSveobiT. urTierTobis sxvaaraverbalur saSualebebs warmoadgens egreTwodebuli somaturi ena:Jestebis, pozebis, mimikis, saxis gamometyvelebis ena, romelic aqtiuraderTveba informaciis gadmocemaSi. komunikaciis araverbalur88

saSualebebs, romlebic istoriulad verbalurze adre gaCnda, gaaCniaTadresatze Zlieri zemoqmedebis unari - maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebeliazogjer iseTi informaciis gadmocema, romelTa gamoxatvac Znelia anraime mizezTa gamo uxerxulia sityvebiT. amitom araverbaluri qcevaaranakleb mniSvnelovania, vidre warmoTqmuli sityvebi.Jestebis ena calsaxad internacionaluria mxolod aRweriTiJestebis (asanTis anTeba, piris gaparsva da a.S.) farglebSi, magramZiriTadad `komunikacia Jestebis meSveobiT iseTive nacionalurifenomenia, rogorc verbaluri enebi" [Верещагин, костомаров: 1983, 196]. amasganapirobebs somaturi enis ormagi buneba: erTi mxriv, biologiuri,Tandayolili (uneblie, gaucnobierebeli gamovlinebebi: gafiTreba,Tvalebis gugebis gafarToeba da a.S.) da meore mxriv, socialuri,adamianis mier socializaciis procesSi SeZenili (gacnobierebuli,gaazrebuli gamovlinebebi: scratch one's headTavi (kefa) moifxana (problemaze dafiqrebisas);can't take one's eyes from/offTvals ver mowyvet;rub one's handsxelebs isress (siamovnebis, kmayofilebis gamoxatva).araverbaluri komunikaciis aseTi `ormagi" buneba gansazRvravs rogorcuniversalur, yvelasTvis gasagebi niSnebis, ise specifikuri signalebisarsebobas, romlebic mxolod erTi kulturis farglebSi gamoiyeneba.informaciis gadmocemis kulturiT ganpirobebuli araverbalurisaSualebebi, romlebic simboloebs warmoadgenen, CvenTvis sainteresoaara marto imitom. rom maTi codna aucilebelia komunikaciaSiwarmatebuli monawileobisaTvis, aramed pirvel rigSi imitom, romaraverbalur enas gaaCnia myari verbaluri aRwera, kerZod,frazeologiuri erTeulebis formiT, romlebic inglisur da qarTulenebSi vrcel, mdidar fenas warmoadgens.pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT somaturi erTeulebi aRweren,magaliTad, mimikas an sxeulis moZrobas, magram proeqciuli TvasazrisiTisini asaxaven emociebisa da fsiqiuri mdgomareobis garegnulgamovlinebas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maT semantikaSi devs adamianis89

sulier mdgomareobaze miniSnebis Cveuli normebi misi grZnobebis,ganzraxvaTa, gancdebis provocirebis gziT maT garegnul gamovlinebebze.magaliTad: sit on one's handgulxeldakrefili jdoma;button/zip one's lipsboqlomi aqvs pirze dadebuli;make eyes at smbTvalebs unabavs (epranWeba);one’s face fallssaxe Camostiris;Cvens mier Seswavlili frazeologizmebi aRweren adamianismravalferovan grZnobebs, fsiqikur mdgomareobebs, azrebs, qcevas, misigaregnobisa da xasiaTis Taviseburebebs da a.S. amitom bunebrivia, rom amfrazeologiur erTeulTa umetesoba Seicavs adamianis sxeulissaxelwodebebs. Cvens mier Segrovil masalaSi inglisur enaSigamovlenilia adamianis sxeulis nawilTa 40 dasaxeleba, romelTa SorisgansakuTrebiT xSiri gamoyeneba axasiaTebs (klebis principiT) Semdegsityvebs: head, eye, hand, heart, foot, finger, face, hair, nose, tooth, romlebicSeadgenen sakvlevi frazeologiuri korpusis daaxloebiT 70%-s.warmovadgenT im inglisuri da qarTuli frazeologiurierTeulebis SepirispirebiTi kvlevis Sedegebs, romlebic Seicavenkomponents eye(s) – Tvali/TvalebiTvalebi adamianis sxeulis mniSvnelovani organoa - samyarosSesaxeb informaciis did nawils adamiani Tvalebis, mxedvelobiswyalobiT iRebs, Tvalebis - am komponentis meSveobiT xdeba adamianis aramarto fizikuri daxasiaTeba (smb’s blue - eyed/fair - haired boy - visimesayvareli adamiani), aramed gamoixateba adamianis unari, Seimecnosmovlenebi (have eyes on the back of one's head - Tvalebi kefaze aqvs,dakvirvebulia; open smb's eyes to smth - Tvalebi auxila (vinmes) (rameze); lookat smth through smb's eyes - raimes uyurebdes sxvisi TvalebiT; do smth with youreyes shut/closed - raimes keTeba daxuWuli TvalebiT), agreTve adamianisSinagani mzera, xedva, misi intuicia (see smth in one's mind's eye - gonebisTvaliT (gulis TvaliT) danaxva (raimesi).90

orive enis frazeologiur sistemaSi dafiqsirebulia Tvalebisunari imyofebodnen moZraobaSi, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom sityvebieye/Tvali gamoiyeneba moZraobis aRmniSvnel sityvebTan erTad,rogoricaa: bat, cast, clap, cock, close, lay, open, run, set, shut, take off, turn; atrialebs,moavlebs, acecebs; gaurbis, gaeqceva, gadaatrialebs.orive enaSi arsebobs frazeologiuri erTeulebi, romlebicagebulia metonimiis safuZvelze. `Tvali adamiani": an eagle/quick eye -arwivis Tvali, anu dakvirvebuli adamiani; be all eyes - Tvalebad iqca, anuZalian yuradRebiTaa; an eye for an eye - Tvali Tvalis wil; an apple of smb'seye - Tvalis Cini.ori enis somatur frazeologiur sistemaTa Sepirispirebam, CveniazriT, unda gamoavlinos inglisur da qarTul frazeosistemebs Sorisarsebuli msgavseba - gansxvavebebi; unda uCvenos, Tu rogor vlindebaisini enis sxvadasxva - funqcionalur, semantikur, formalur-azrobriv,struqturul aspeqtSi; Tu ra Sidaenobrivi da eqstralingvisturifaqtorebiTaa isini ganpirobebuli, rogoria somaturifrazeologizmebis ekvivalenturobis xarisxi enebs Soris.gamoiyofa sruli da arasruli struqturul-semantikuriekvivalentebi. sruli struqturul-semantikuri ekvivalentebi –inglisuri da qarTuli enebis iseTi frazeologiuri erTeulebia,romelTac axasiaTebs erTnairi mniSvneloba, erTnairi komponenturiSemadgenloba da msgavsi sintaqsuri organizeba. magaliTad:welcome someone/something with open armsgaSlili xelebiT Sexvda (Seegeba) vinmes (raimes);to do something behind someone's backviRacis zurgs ukan;to turn one's back upon somebodyzurgi Seaqcia;to be up to the ears in somethingyurebamdea - (magaliTad, Seyvarebuli);to stand on one's own two feetmtkice (magar) fexebze dgas;to be bound hand and foot91

xel-fexi Sekruli aqvs;to have something in handy to take something in handxelSi uWiravs (vinme an raime);to take oneself in handTavi xelSi aiyvana;to wash one's hand ofxelebi daibana;to lose one's headTavs kargavs, Tavi dakarga;to come to a headTavSi mouvida;to poke one's nose into someone else's business/affairscxviris Cayofa sxvis saqmeSi;to have got one's head screwed on one's shoulders on the right waysakuTari Tavi aqvs mxrebze;cannot see an inch beyond/before one's nosesakuTari cxviris iqiT verafers xedavs da a.S.sruli struqturul-semantikuri frazeologiuri ekvivalentebiswarmoqmnis erT-erT mizezs, Cveni azriT, warmoadgens sesxeba mesamewyarodan. magaliTad:one’s Achilles heelaqilevsis qusli;one's own flesh and bloodsisxli da xorci;all skin and bonesZvali da tyavia;an eye for an eye, a tooth for a toothTvali Tvalis win, kbili kbilis wil.aseTi frazeologiuri erTeulebi inglisurSic da qarTulSicmesame wyaroebidan – ZiriTadad bibliidan an Zveli saberZneTis da romisantikuri miTologiidanaaa Semosuli.arasrul struqturul-semantikur frazeologiur ekvivalentebswarmoadgens iseTi frazeologiuri erTeulebi, romelTac gaaCniaT92

sruli semantikuri msgavseba, magram maTi komponenturi Semadgenloba(mocemuli sakvlevi frazeologiuri jgufis farglebSi) garkveulwiladgansxvavebulia. magaliTad:to have something at one's finger-tips(sakuTari) xuTi TiTiviT icis;to have one's eye on something/someoneTvals ar aSorebs raimes (vinmes);to feel/find one's feetfexze dadga (warmodga);to take something to heartgulTan axlos miaqvs (raime) da a.S.am frazeologiur erTeulebSi xdeba an zmnuri komponentebisvarireba (erTi leqsikur-semantikuri jgufis farglebSi), an `sxeulisnawilis" aRmniSvneli saxelisa. Tumca es gansxvavebani ar axdenengavlenas frazeologizmis saerTo saxeobriv mniSvnelobaze da misfunqcionalur Taviseburebebze.aseT arasrul struqturul-semantikur ekvivalentebs xSirSemTxvevaSi gaaCniaT semantikuri frazeologiuri ekvivalentebi.frazeologiur erTeulTa semantikuri ekvivalentebi Cvens miermoiazreba rogorc frazeologizmebi, romlebic identuria or enaSiTavianTi saxeobrivi mniSvnelobiT, magram gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagangamoxatvis mixedviT – rogorc leqsikuri, ise sintaqsuri TvalsazrisiT.magaliTad:work one's fingers to the bonexelebdakapiwebuli muSaobs;to be fed up to the back teethyelamdea maZRari;out of the mouths of babies and sucklingsjer tuCebze rZe ar SeSrobia da a.S.inglisuri da qarTuli enebis ekvivalenturi frazeologiurierTeulebisgan unda ganvasxvavoT struqturuli fsevdoekvivalentebi,romlebic, marTalia, erTnairia struqturis mixedviT, magram gaaCniaT93

gansxvavebuli, zojer ki urTierTsawinaaRmdego mniSvnelobebi.magaliTad:to a hair(zustad) erT bewvze (acda)aseTi `ekvivalentebi" xSirad asruleben `mTargmnelis crumegobrebis" rols frazeologiis sferoSi miuxedavad imisa, rom maT argaCniaT pirdapiri materialuri identuroba, isini seriozul praqtikulsirTules warmoadgenen am enebis SemswavlelTaTvis, radgan SecdomaSiSehyavT isini leqsikuri da sintaqsuri msgavsebiTa da mTlianisemantikuri mniSvnelobis sruli gansxvavebulobiT. sxvagvarad romvTqvaT, aq adgili aqvs frazeologiuri erTeulebis struqturisa daSinaarsis asimetrias.aqedan gamomdinare, ismis kiTxva – ra aris idiomis Targmnisaucilebeli piroba? TayaiSvili ganmartavs rom idiomis Targmniselementarul pirobad SeiZleba wamovayenoT is, rom xelSesaxebi iyoskavSiri gamoTqmis amosavalsa da zogad mniSvnelobas Soris. anda,sxvanairad; naTlad Candes gamoTqmis motivaciis kvali (TayaiSvili 1961;109). magaliTad, inglisuri idiomi - to drop on one’s knees qarTulenaSi gamoixateba Semdegnairad- muxlebSi Cavardna. Aam somaturiidiomebis Sedarebis safuZvelze SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saqme gvaqvs zustTargmanTan, rac SesaZlebelia imitom, rom TviT pirdapirmniSvnelobaSic Cans mniSvnelobis gadatanis SesaZlebloba. inglisurida qarTuli somaturi idiomebis SepirispirebiTi kvlevisa naTladgamoikveTa is faqti, rom zust interpretacias TargmanSi emorCilebametaforuli elferis mqone somaturi idiomebi, radganac maTimetaforizaciis safuZvelsa da Sedegs Soris kavSiri gawyvetili araa.magaliTad,a bloodless revolution – usisxlo revoluciawalls have ears –kedlebsac aqvT yurebibreak somebodys heart –gulis gatexalose ones tongue –enis warTmevainglisuri da qarTuli idiomebis Sepirispirebisas agreTve, Zalzedsaintereso aRmoCnda is faqti rom, garkveuli nawili somaturi94

idiomebisa ver iTargmneba, vinaidan isini ZiriTadad eris wes-Cveulebebsda mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebel kulturas asaxavs. magaliTad,nawlavebi damexvewa, nawlavebi uCans, nawlavebi Civian, nawlavebSidawydomainglisur enaSi gvaqvs Semdegi somaturi idiomi – He has left his gutsbehind him – rac niSnavs – is sulierad daeca. Aam magaliTebSi kargadCans, rom adamianis aseTi ukiduresad uaryofiTi mdgomareoba inglisurenaSi gamoixata somatizmiT – guts – nawlavebi, xolo qarTul enaSi –suli. rac kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom samyaroSi arsebulmovlenebs sxvadasxva kulturis mqone adamianebi sxvadasxvagvaradgadmoscemen da SeuZlebelia zusti Targmani. Aam mosazrebas agreTveadasturebs Semdegi somaturi idiomebis arseboba:gverdebi - gverdebSi gajdoma, gverdis avla, gverdis aqceva,gverdis damSveneba, gverdebi daeTvleba;wamwami - wamwamze uzis (vinme), wamwamis danayva;warbi – warbebis moxra, warbebis gaxsna, warbebis Sekvra, warbic arSeixara, warbis TamaSi;naRveli – mware naRvelis gadasxma, naRveli awevs, naRveli moeria,naRvelis Cawurva gulSi, naRvelma daigdo;Subli – Sublis Sekvra, Sublis gaxsna, Sublma Rrubeli daisxa.aseve moipoveba magaliTebi inglisur enaSi:thumb –cera TiTi – twiddle ones thumbs –usaqmod yofna,have a person under one’s thumb –visime gavlenis qveS.rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, am somaturi idiomebis TargmaniqarTul enaSi ki gagvaCnia, magram maTSi somatizmi ar aris gamoyenebuli.A amrigad, didi sifrTxilea saWiro idiomaturi gamoTqmebisTargmnisas, radganac `idiomi xelaxla ibadeba, oRond ukve sxvagaremoSi, amitom aqac, iseve rogorc mSobliur niadagze damkvidrebisas,saWiroa pidapir mniSvnelobaSi mkafiod iyos warmodgenili gamoTqmisganzogadebis safuZveli~ (TayaiSvili 1961; 109).erTiani struqturis mqone frazeologiuri erTeulebis semantikurigansxvavebuloba inglisur da qarTul enebSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa.95

igi, Cveni azriT, warmoadgens sxvadasxva enaSi erTiani leqsikurikompleqsebis gansxvavebuli gacnobierebis, gaazrebis Sedegs.Tumca umetes SemTxvevaSi Sesapirispirebel enebSi frazeologiurierTeulebis struqturul Sesabamisobas Tan axlavs funqciur-azrobriviSesabamisoba, radgan somaturi frazeologizmebis sferoSifunqcionirebs frazeologizmebis warmoebis msgavsi semantikurimodelebi.Sesatyvisi somaturi frazeologiuri erTeulebis garda, inglisurda qarTul enebSi gvxvdeba iseTi erTeulebic, romlebsac ar gaaCniaTekvivalentebi meore enaSi. aseT frazeologizmebs axasiaTebs garkveulistruqturuli Tavisebureba (magaliTad, frazeologiuri erTeuliSeiZleba Seicavdes arqaizms an SeiZleba Sesityvebas hqondesmoZvelebuli sintaqsuri agebuleba an sityvis forma), romelsac argaaCnia analogi arc struqturuli da arc Sinaarsobrivi, azrobriviTvalsazrisiT. ekvivalentis ararsebobis mizezi SeiZleba iyoskonkretuli frazeologiuri erTeulis unikaluri modeli, romlismixedviTac moxda semantikuri cvlileba (magaliTad, frazeologizmiwarmoiqmna raime xalxuri wes-Cveulebebis, ama Tu im eris tradiciissafuZvelze). magaliTad:to have one's eye-teeth cutkeTilgonierebato put one's foot into one's moutharasasiamovno situaciaSi moxvedrato go cap inhandmSvidad, wynarad yofna,neck or nothingyvelafris miRebis survilito old handgamocdili kacito show (call) one's handWeSmariti ganzraxvis Cvenebato have an old head on young shouldrsbrZenia96

to have one's toungue in one's cheeksisuleles Tavidan acileba, sifrTxilis gamoCena)a heart of oakmamaci adamianito show the white feathersimxdalis gamovlenaanatomiuri TvalsazrisiT sxeulis nawilebi Zalian bevria. magramsimboluri mniSvneloba, tradiciuli enobrivi gagebiT, gaaCnia ZiriTadadim organoebs, romlebic SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc gareganiorganoebi. iSviaT gamonakliss warmoadgens `guli" da `kuWi".ganvixiloT frazeologiaSi gansakuTrebuli sixSiris mqonesxeulis aRmniSvneli zogierTi erTeulis konotaciebi.Tavi/head warmarTavs azrovnebas, gonebas, aqedan gamomdinareobssomatizmis ZiriTadi konotaciuri mniSvneloba, igi aRniSnavs gonebas daWkuas an mis ararsebobas, magaliTad:to have a good head for something – fxizeli Tavi aqvsto have a good head on one's shoulders – sakuTari Tavi adgas mxrebze.yuradRebis, nebisyofis mokrebis unaris mniSvneloba gamoixateba iseTfrazeologiur erTeulebSi, rogoricaa:to lose one's head – Tavi CaRuna, Caqindra;to keep one's head – Tavi ar daukargavs; to hury one's head in the sand.zogjer sityva `Tavi" iZens mniSvnelobas `sicocxle", radganacsasicocxlod mniSvnelovan organos warmoadgens: `Tavi dasdo".damatebiTi, diferencialuri mniSvneloba Semoaqvs upiratesobis semas,romelic Cadebulia am cnobaSi, magaliTad:to carry one's head high – Tavi maRla uWiravs (anu Rirseulad);to wash one's head - (Tavis dabana vinmes – anu galanZRva, daamcira).Tmebi/hair SeiZlebaganxilul iqnas rogorc Tavis atributi, andamoukideblad Cveulebriv, frazeologiuri erTeulis SemadgenlobaSisityva iZens raime emociis mniSvnelobas.97

magaliTad: SiSis, one's hair stood on end - Tmebi yalyze daudgagabrazebis, to tear one's hear out – Tmebs iglejs.gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas iZens erTi Tmis, Tmis Reris aRniSvna: masgaaCnia mniSvneloba: `Zalian mcirea, cota, umniSvneloa". magaliTad:to split hairs (wvrilmans gamodevneba);by a hair (odnav); qarTulSi: Tmis Reric (bewvic) ar Camovardnia.Tvalebi/eyes simbolurad iZenen informaciis miRebis, maTiutyuarobis mniSvnelobas: maxvili Tvali – sharp eye; to open somebody's eyes tosomething – Tvalebi auxila (raimeze). Tvalebi agreTve emociisa dagrZnobis gamomxatveli mniSvnelovani organoa, amitom es komponentigvxvdeba sakmaod didi raodenobis frazeologiur erTeulebSi,romlebic adamianis emociur mdgomareobas, masSi momxdar cvlilebebsasaxaven.magaliTad, gakvirvebis gamomxatvel frazeologizmebSi:an eye – opener – Tvalebi gadmokarkla (gadmoqaCa); survilis:with an eye to doing something – Tvalebs uprawavs; Tvalebi aenTo; Tvalebized(raimeze) darCa;Surisa da arakeTilmosurneobis:the envy eye/green eye – cudi TvaliT Sexeda; avi TvaliT Sexda; SurisTvaliT yureba.unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTul enaSi gvxvdeba frazeologizmikomponentiT `Tvali/Tvalebi", romlebic sikvdils, gardacvalebasaRniSanven: Tvalebi dauxuWa;Tvalebi gadaatriala;Tvalebi samudamod daxuWa.cxviri/nose – adamianis am organos gamorCeuli niSani misigamokveTiloba saxeze, igi yvela organoze winaa wamoweuli da saxezecentrSi mdebareobs. albaT amitomaa, rom es sityva frazeologiurierTeulebis SemadgenlobaSi Semdeg simbolikas aviTarebs:98

1. arajansaRi cnobismoyvareoba,magaliTad: to stick/poke one's nose into ofher pepole's affairssxvis saqmeSi cxviris Cayofa; yvelaferSi cxvirs hyofs.2. siaxlove, mcire manZili, romelic xSirad ukavSirdeba informaciismiRebas. magaliTad: not to see beyond the end of one's nosesakuTari cxviris iqeT verafers xedavsto stole something under one's nosecxvirwin aacala (awapna);3. siamaye, ampartavneba, magaliTad:to turn one’s nose up at somethingcxvirs swevs, cxviraweuli dadispiri/mouth orive enaSi frazeologiur erTeulebSi ZiriTadadukavSirdeba laparaks, saubars,magaliTad: to keep one's mouth shutpirSi wyali aqvs dagubebuli, piri wyliT aqvs savse;to open one’s big mouthpiri moaRo (gaaRo)qarTul enaSi sityva `piri" zog SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba mniSvnelobiT`saxe" da Sesabamisad, am semantikuri mniSvnelobiTac warmoqmnisfrazeologiur erTeulebs, romlebic emociis gamoxatvas ukavSirdebian,magaliTad: piri ucinis, pirze Rimili aqvs (uTamaSebs), aseTivesemantikuri datvirTva aqvs, sityvas – piri, inglisur enaSi. magaliTad;one’s face falls – saxe Camostiris, cxvir-piri Camostiris. am magaliTebidannaTlad Cans, rom somatizmi - piri orive enaSi aRiqmeba, rogorc – saxe.kbilebi/teeth – agresiuli da damcavi Zalis simboloa.magaliTad: to show one's teethkbili daaso (vinmes)an eye for an eye, a tooth for a toothTvali Tvalis wil, kbili-kbilis wilarmed to the teeth99

kbilebamde SeiaraRebulito draw smb’s teethkbilebs amogaZrobtooth and nailrac Zali da Rone aqvsto take the bit between one’s teehkbilebSi gascrayurebi/ears - iseve rogorc Tvali warmoadgens organos, romelicinformacias aRiqvams, isinic informaciis miRebasa da Secnobasemsaxurebian, amitom frazeologiaSi erTeulebi, romelTaSemadgenlobaSic Sedis es komponenti, umetesad gamoxataven cnobisa damosmenis unars. magaliTad:to prick up one’s ears - yurebis dacqvetato be all ears - yuris gdeba (smenad qceva)not play by ears- yuri(c) ar aTxova; yuric ar gaabartyuna.in one ear and out at the other - erT yurSi SeuSva, meoreSi gamouSva.amavdroulad yurebi warmoadgenen erTgvari sazRvris simbolos,magaliTad: to be over head and ears in loveyurebamdea Seyvarebulito be up to the ear in workyurebamdea Cafluli saqmeSi.To burn one’s earsyurebamde gawiTldaqarTul enaSi am mniSvnelobiT xSirad gamoiyeneba somatizmebi `yeli",`kiseri": yelamde saqmeSia, yelSi amomivida.ena/tongue - warmoadgens urTierTobis, informaciis gadacemissimbolos – es misi yvelaze gavrcelebuli mniSvnelobaa.magaliTad: to lost one's toungueena gadaylapathe word is on the tip of one’s tongue100

enis wverze adgasxSirad frazeologiur erTeulebSi ena gamodis im organos rolSi,romelSic `damnaSavea" zedmet laparakSi, WoriknobaSi, romelic ziansayenebs sxvasac da sakuTar Tavsac. magaliTad:to lose one's tongue-wag one's tongue toenas ver aCerebs, enas ifxansto hold one's tongueenas kbili daaWiraa fool's tongue runs before his witena uswrebs; ena misi mteria;his tongue is too long for his teethmas Zalian grZeli ena aqvsto have too much tongueenaze araferi daamagrdeba (rac enaze moadgeba imas ambobs)to wag one’s tongueenis tartariguli/heart – warmoadgens grZnobebis, emociebis, ganwyobis simbolos.magaliTad: gulwrfelobis - from the bottom o one's heartmTeli guliTwith all one's heartsuliTa da guliTtkivilis, javris - one’s heart is bleed for smb.guli ukvdebato eat one's heart outguls uWams, guls uklavsmowonebis, moxibvlis – to win one's heartvisime gulis mogebaTo obtain smb’s heartvinmes gulis dapyrobagancdis - to take something to heartgulTan axlos miaqvs101

to touth smb’s heartguli auCuya, guli autokasiyvarulis - to open one's heartguli gauxsna, guli gadauSalato break one's heartguli moukla; guli gautexaunda aRiniSnos, rom qarTul enaSi sityva `guli" gacilebiT metiraodenobis frazeologiur erTeulebSi fiqsirdeba, vidre inglisurSi...xeli/hand praqtikulad universalur rols asrulebs: es sityvasxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, romelTa Sorisac yvelaze xSiriaSemdegi: urTierToba, ostatoba, saqmianoba, gacvla. gansakuTrebiT bevrifrazeologiuri erTeulebi, romlebic Seicaven mocemul somatizmebs dagamoxataven mniSvnelobas vinmesTvis raimes gamorTmeva, miReba; ,,povna"magaliTad: to take something in hand/lay hands onxelSi Caigdo (moigdo)to hold well in handxelSi aqvs (hyavs)to take oneself in handTavi xelSi aiyvanahands off!xelebi Sors!to fall get into somebody's handsxelSi Cauvarda (vinmes)to lay violent hands onZaliT xelSi Cagdebasaqmianobis, moqmedebis mniSvneloba aqvs Semdeg frazeologizmebs,magaliTad:to give a free handxelebi gauxsna; xelebi gaxsnili aqvsto be tired/ bound hand and footxel-fexi (xelebi) Sekruli aqvsto be hand in glove with smb.102

erT saqmeze ukidiaT xeli (erT saqmeSi arian)ostatobis mniSvnelobiT am somatizmebis Semcvelifrazeologizmebi damaxasiaTebelia qarTuli enisaTvis:oqros xelebi aqvs;xelebdakapiwebuli muSaobs;yvelaferi gamosdis xelidan;xeli Seavlo.urTierTobisa da gacvlis mniSvnelobas aviTarebenfrazeologizmebi, magaliTad: change-handsxelidan xelSi gadadisat first/second handpirveli xelia, meore xelia (yidvis dros).xelebi aRniSnavs agreTve ganzraxvis materialur ganxorcielebas,magaliTad: to seek somebody's hand in marriagexeli Txovato wash one's hands ofxelebi damibaniagansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens marjvena da marcxena xelebisdapirispireba, magaliTad:not to let one's left hand what one's right hand doesmarcxena xelma ar icis, Tu ras akeTebs marjvena;smb’s right handvisime marjvena xelia`fexi"/foot - qarTul enaSi qveda kiduris aRmniSvneli ZiriTadisityvaa, xolo inglisur enaSi qveda kiduri or zonad iyofa, romelTaaRsaniSnad, Sesabamisad, or sityvas iyeneben: leg (zeda nawili)magaliTad:to run/walk/smb. off his legs – fexebi ukan rCebato get a leg in – erTi fexiT movuswarto fall on one's legs – vinmes fexqveS garTxma; gagebato be/run off one's legs – fexis SeSla103

to lose one's legs – fexebis warTmevada foot (qveda nawili, terfi)magaliTad: have get one foot in the grave - cali fexi samareSi aqvsdrag one's feet - fexiis aTrevahave got both feet on the ground - fexi moikidastep off on the wrong foot - marcxneba fexze (avdeqi) amdgaraput the right foot - marjvena fexi Semodgisityva `fexi" simbolurad aRniSnavs moZraobas, siCqares.frazeologiur erTeulebSi (inglisur enaSi) es somatizmi xSiradupirispirdeba Tavs da misTvis damaxasiTebel mniSvnelobas – mentalursawyiss, rogorc moqmedi da meqanikuri organo – goniers:Little wit in the head makes much work for the feet.utvino Tavma fexebs jafa daatana.somatizmebi gamoxataven simtkicis an meryeobis mniSvnelobas(rogorc pirdapiri, ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT) da sakuTar TavSidarwmunebulobas: to stand on one's ourn two feet;orive fexiT myarad dgasto get back on one's feet;fexze wamodga (gamokeTeba saqmeebis)to cut the ground from under one's feetfexqveSidan miwis gamoclato be with one foot in the gravecali fexi samareSi aqvsmarjvena da marcxena fexis (isev rogorc xelis) dapirispirebaaRiniSneba orive enaSi, magaliTad:to fut the right footmarjvena fexi Semodgirac am SemTxvevaSi warmatebis momaswavebelia xolo,to step off on the wrong foot104

marcxena fexze amdgara.`marcxena" am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs raRac araswors, uiRblos.komponenti muxli/knee xSirad warmoadgens damcirebis,damorCilebis, monobis, simxdalis simbolos.magaliTad: to bring somebody to his kneesmuxlebze daayena (daaCoqa)to drop on one’s kneesmuxlebSi Cavardnato bend the knees to somebodymuxlis modrekasomatizmebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia gadataniT mniSvnelobaTarTuli sistema. somatizmebis polisemiis problema mravali naSromissakvlev obieqts warmoadgens. Cvens mier Seswavlili frazeologizmebisanalizis safuZvelze vlindeba, rom gadataniTi mniSvnelobis warmoqmnissafuZvels xSirad warmoadgens orive enaSi niSan-TvisebaTa Sedareba.Tanamedrove lingvistikis erT-erT wamyvan dargad enis meSveobiTkulturis Seswavla iqca. l. elmslevi aRniSnavs: “ena, rogorc niSanTasistema da myari warmonaqmni, warmoadgens adamianis gonier da fsiqikurbunebaSi Cawvdomis gasaRebs. ena, rogorc zeindividualuri socialuriinstituti, eris xasiaTs warmoaCens”. (Елмслев 1960, 132). amitomlingvokulturologiaSi ena ganxilulia kulturasTan, adamianisazrovnebasTan, fsiqikasTan da sulierebasTan mWidro kavSirSi. Eenisa dakulturis urTierT mimarTebas upirveles yovlisa gansazRvravs adamiani– Tavisi mentalobiT, emociebiT, romelic mudmivad aris fsiqologTaSeswavlis sagani. adamiani, romelic ukve flobs ZiriTad saazrovnoprocesebs, nebismieri axali enis Seswavlisas azris gamoTqmas mxolodsxva saSualebebs, sityvebs idiomatur gamoTqmebs eufleba. adamianiskonceptualuri mniSvneloba mravalmxrivia da bevr aspeqts moicavs:emocias, motivacias, gancdebs. aqedan gamomdinare,lingvokulturologiis fsiqologiur aspeqtSi ganxilva metadmniSvnelovania. somaturi idiomebis leqsikis semantikis kvleva misifsiqologiuri aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT Zalzed sainteresoa. amrigad,105

inglisuri da qarTuli metyvelebis idiomatikis SeswavlisasgasaTvaliswinebelia fsiqologiuri faqtori, vinaidan somaturiidiomaturi gamoTqmebis gaazrebisas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWebafsiqologiis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebas, radganac am faqtorTagauTvaliswineblobis SemTxvevaSi Zalzed bundovani xdeba idiomaturigamoTqma da xSirad gaugebaria Tu ra urTierTdamokidebulebaaidiomaturi gamoTqmis Semadgenel komponentebs Soris.Uupirveles yovlisa, prioriteti eniWeba emocias, romeliclingvisturi meTodebis saSualebiT SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes enisleqsikur-frazeologiur doneze, romelSic wina planze wamoweuliaadamiani, misi sulieri samyaro, kultura.emocia - franguli sityvaa emotion – vaRelveb, romelic adamianisfsiqikuri mdgomareoba, gare sinamdvilesa da Tavis Tavisadmi individisdamokidebulebis gancdaa. emocias mWidro kavSiri aqvs gamomsaxvelmoZraobebTan. maT gareSe ar arsebobs samyaro da TviT adamiani amsamyaroSi. emociebia: SiSi, risxva, sixaruli, siyvaruli, dardi, sevda,sibraze da sxv. TiToeuli emocia adamianis Sinagan damokidebulebasgamoxatavs ama Tu im obieqtis mimarT – anu rogor aRviqvamT daSevimecnebT. aq ukve Cven saqme gvaqvs emociis kognitur midgomasTan,romelic pirvelad leikofisa da jonsonis SromebSi gamoCnda (Lacoff andJohnson 1980) isini aRniSnaven, rom adamianis es fsiqikuri movlenebi,TiToeuli eris kulturis gaTvaliswinebiT, konceptur struqturaSiarian gaerTianebuli, sadac TiToeuli emocia TiToeuli enis SesabamisiidiomebiT gadmoicema.inglisuri da qarTuli enebis somaturi idiomebis SeswavlissafuZvelze, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom orive enaSi erTi da imave emociaumravles SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive somaturi komponentiT arisgadmocemuli.ganvixiloT emociaTa ramodenime tipi da maTi gamomxatvelisomaturi idiomebi.siyvaruli106

,,siyvaruli rTuli fsiqikuri mdgomareobaa. misTvisdamaxasiaTebelia:1. grZnobebis, azrebisa da moqmedebis akviatebulikoncentrireba siyvarulis obieqtze im zomiT, rom es xSirad sxvasazrunavis ugulvebelyofas iwvevs.2. ukiduresi subieqturoba ris gamoc aRiqmeba upiratesadsiyvarulis obieqtis dadebiTi Tvisebebi, uaryofiTi ki iCqmalebaneitralizdeba da pozitiuradac ki fasdeba.3. eiforiuli an amaRlebuli guneba – ganwyobileba4. seqsualuri ltolva siyvarulis obieqtis mimarT” (imedaZe 2007;223)To have get smb. in one’s bonesWkuas kargavs misTvisLose one’s headTavgzis abneva, Tavis dakargvaPut/lay one’s head on the blockTavs davdeb SenTvisHead over heels in love withTavdaviwyebiT SeyvarebaHave one’s heart set on smb.Tvali daadga vinmesHave the heartguli Seuvarda vinmezeGain smb’s heartvinmes gulis mopoveba107

Obtain smb’ heartvinmes gulis dapyrobaDear to smb’ heartvinmes gulis vardiOne’s heart bleed for smb.guli ukvdeba vinmezeTo fall on one’s legsvinmes fexqveS garTxmaLose one’s own mind on smb.Wkua meketebaEnter smb’s mindgonebis arevasixaruliadamianSi es emocia metad dadebiT zegavlenas axdens. rocapirovneba gaxarebulia igi garegnulad gamoxatavs am emocias. magaliTad:viRimiT, gulis feTqva gviZlierdeba, Tvalebi gvibrwyinavs, anu esgamoxatuleba yovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis gareSe amJRavnebs adamianisSinagan mdgomareobas.To make one’s blood turnsisxlis aCqrolebaMove smb’s heargulis aZgerebaTouch smb’s heart108

guli autokaGladden smb’s heartgulis gaxarebaJump out of one’s skinsixarulisgan fexze ara dgasSiSiSiSis emocia adamianSi sxvadasxva fizikur sisustes iwvevs da maTizegavleniT misi qceva warumatebeli rCeba. magaliTad: muxlebi ekveTebada ecema, SeSdeba, xmas ver iRebs, munjdeba.To make smb’s hair stand on endTmis yalyze dadgomaIt makes one’s blood run coldZarRvebSi sisxli gaeyinaIt breaks my heartguli miskdebaTo have one’s heart in one’s bootsguli windebSi CamivardaTo have one’s in one’s mouthenis CavardnaTo show a clean pair of heelsmoqusvla, gaqusvlaTo drag one’s heelsquslebi ukan rCebodaT109

Be felt his knees givemuxlis mokveTa, muxlis moWraTo run/walk smb. off his legsfexebi ukan rCebaTo lose one’s legsfexebis warTmevaTo lose one’s tongueenis warTmevasibrazesibraze nebismieri erovnebis adamianis bunebrivi emociaa, romelicpirvel rigSi, gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemaze moqmedebs da SeiZlebasxvadasxvagvari gamomxatvelobiTi (eqspesiuli) gamovlinebebic hqondes.inglisur da qarTul enebSi gvxvdeba absoluturad msgavsi somaturiidiomebi, romlebic erTnairi formiTa da SinaarsiT gamoxatavenadamianis mdgomareobis am emocias.To get smb’s blood upsisxlis tvinSi avardnaIt makes one’s blood boilgulis (sisxlis) aduRebaRush blood into one’s cheekssisxlis yelSi avardnaHave no blood in veins110

sisxlis gaSrobaTo speel bloodsisxlis daRvraGo purple in the facesaxeze almuri asdisTo click one’s heelsquslis dabakunebaGo on one’s nervesnervebze TamaSobsSet one’s nerves on edgenervebze mSlisHave a lump in one’s throatyelSi mowolaStick in one’s throatyelSi gaCxeraGrashing of teethkbilebis RreWa, kraWunirisxvaes emocia adamianis Zlieri emociaa. igi adamianis iseTimdgomareobaa, rodesac veRar xerxdeba sakuTari Tavis kontroli da misi111

qceva araorganizebulia. ganrisxebuli adamiani Tmebs iglejs, cofdeba,Tvalebidan cecxls akvesebs.A mischievous twinkle in the eyesTvalebidan cecxls akvesebsHave a bone to pickxorcis glejaTear one’s hairTmaTa glejaA fit of nervesnervuli Seteva (gacofeba)dardies emocia adamianze uaryofiTad moqmedebs, mas Tan axlavs rogorcSinagani, ise garegani gamovlinebebiTo keep one’s ears close to the groundyurebis Camoyrahave a long facesaxis moRuSvaa poker facewaSlili saxe112

one’s face fallssaxe Camostiristo cry one’s heart outtiriliT gulis mooxebawith a heavy heartdamZimebuli guliTlie at smb’s heartgulze dawolato hip one’s nosecxviris CamoSvebato dry up one’s tearscremlis SeSrobaamrigad, Cvens mier ganxiluli magaliTebi naTeli dadasturebaaimisa, rom inglisuri da qarTuli enis frazeologizmebSi gamoiyenebasomatizmebi da vlindeba uamrav enobriv universaliaTa, anu iseT enobrivmovlenaTa arseboba, romlebic msoflios yvela an umetesi enisTvis arisdamaxasiaTebeli. enaSi, iseve rogorc zogadad bunebaSi, arsebobsSinagani wesrigi, mowyoba, romelic Semecnebadia. magram imisTvis, rommoxdes raime sagnis, movlenis siRrmiseuli da gaazrebuli Semecneba,saWiroa misi Sedareba sxva sagnebsa Tu movlenebTan.113

2.3 nominacia – rogorc somaturi idiomebis gamovleniserT – erTi modelisomaturi idiomebis kvleva mWidrod ukavSirdeba nominaciissakiTxs, kerZod ki imis Seswavlas, Tu cnebebi rogor iZenen TavianTsaxelebs. sxvadasxva ena sxvadasxvanairad aRniSnavs, anawilebs daaerTianebs saganTa sinamdviles. yoveli ena saganTa sinamdvilisTavisebur klasifikacias axdens. ama Tu im enis matarebel adamianebsgansxvavebuli msoflmxedveloba, fsiqologia da samyaros gansxvavebuliaRqma axasiaTebT. samyaro erTia yvelasaTvis, magram xalxis mier amsamyaros aRqma da Semecneba gansxvavebulia da es Tavisebureba,upirveles yovlisa, enaSi aisaxeba, rogorc eris Semoqmedebis produqtSi,radgan ena TavisTavad adamianis mier samyaros aRqmis dafiqsirebaa daara marto dafiqsireba, aramed TviT enis saSualebiT xdeba samyarosaRqma, radgan TiToeuli eri misive eniT agebul samyaroSi cxovrobs(humboldti).nominacias, romelic enaTmecnierebaSi iyo da rCeba erT-erT maradaqtualur problemad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba enis sxvadasxva donezemoqmedi kanonzomierebebis gamosavlenad. mas pirdapiri damokidebulebaaqvs idiomis struqturaSi mimdinare cvlilebebTan.nominaciis bunebisa da Tvisebebis kvleva, e.i. imis Seswavla, Tucnebebi rogor iZenen TavianT saxelebs, aqtualurad warmoebda dawarmoebs enaTmecnierebaSi. (a.ciunei, i.vaxeki, v.gaki, a.ufimceva,v.martinova, n.dmitrieva, s.karcevski da sxvani)aRniSnuli problema aqtualuria imitom, rom kvlevis procesSinaTeli efineba iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, rogoricaa kavSiri sityvasada sazogadoebis materialur cxovrebas Soris, kavSiri sityvasa daadamianis fsiqologias Soris. enaSi maTi damkvidreba da114

sicocxlisunarianoba mTlianad ganisazRvreba enis struqturiT,materialuri samyaros pirobebiT, eris saerTo fsiqologiiT.v.gaki nominaciis aqtSi Semdeg mxareebs gamoyofs: wyaro, garegnulistruqtura, Sinagani forma da nominaciis saSualeba.nominaciis wyaros mixedviT enebSi dasturdeba Semdegi SemTxvevebi:mza erTeulis gamoyeneba (sityvaTa xmareba mniSvnelobebiT), axalileqsikuri erTeulis Seqmna – sesxeba meore enidan. garegnulistruqturis mixedviT nominaciaSi unda ganvasxvavoT martivi sityvebi,warmoebuli sityvebi, rTuli sityvebi da sityvaTa kavSirebi. sityvisSinagan formad iTvleba is niSani, romelic safuZvlad daedo am sityvismniSvnelobas.klasifikaciis meoTxe jgufi iTvaliswinebs saxelisa da aRsaniSnissaerTo xasiaTs. enis faqtebis Seswavlisas advilad SegviZliadavrwmundeT imaSi, rom miuxedavad sityvis formaluri da Sinaarsobrivimxareebis myari erTianobisa, mainc ar arsebobs maT Soris srulipararelizmi, e.w. Sesabamisoba erTisa meoris mimarT. enobrivi niSnisa damissave gamoxatul Sinaarsobriv odenobas Soris darRveulipararelizmi enaTmecnierebaSi formulirebuli iyo, rogorclingvisturi niSnis asimetriuli dualizmis principi. am principismixedviT aRmniSvneli miiswrafvis, rom garda Tavisi funqciis, hqondessxvac, aRsaniSni ki imisken miiltvis, rom garda sakuTari niSnisa,gamoxatuli iqnes sxva saSualebiTac.saerTod, nominacias enaTmecnierebi ori kuTxiT, ori TvalsazrisiTganixilaven. ganasxvaveben nominaciis or saxes - pirveladsa da meorads.meoradi nominacia somaturi idiomebis gamovlenis erT-erTmodelad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. igi ganixilavs pirveladis SedegadmiRebuli sityvisagan Tu rogor xdeba axali elementebis miReba.meoradi nominaciis ramodenime saxes ganasxvaveben. ZiriTadadgamoyofen oTx tips: aRweriTs, kompozits, sityvaTmawarmoebelisufiqsebiT warmoebulsa da metaforuls.ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani: aRweriTis SemTxvevaSi xdeba raimemovlenis aRwera, an es sityva Tavad Seicavs aRweras. am SemTxvevaSi115

pirveladi nominaciis Sedegad miRebuli sityva Tavad xdeba nawili amaxali sityvisa.magaliTad qarTul enaSi:gaZvaltyavebuli, fexSiSveli, TavSiSveli,Tavqudmoqglejili, ferdCalewili,TvaldaxuWuli, pirRia, ena gadmogdebuli,aseve moipoveba magaliTebi inglisur enaSi:doubled-faced, green-eyed; left-handed, mealymouthed,face-lifting, heavy-heart, long-leg da sxv.meore tipis, es aris kompoziti, anu sityvebi, romlebic ori anorze meti erTeulebisagan Sedgeba.magaliTad: yel-yuri, xel-fexi, tuC-kbili, mxar-beWi, Tval-warbiinglisurSi - cut-throat, nose-picking,red-handed.ra Tqma unda, calke aRebuli es kompozitebi idiomad ar miiCneva,vinaidan am kompozitebSi Semaval sityvebs aqvT damoukidebelimniSvneloba, xolo maTi gamoyeneba idiomebSi sruliad sawinaaRmdegoviTarebaze migvaniSnebs, ramdenadac idiomis mniSvneloba argamomdinareobs misi komponentebis (e.i. Semadgeneli sityvebis)mniSvnelobaTa jamidan anu ar aris kompozituri, magaliTad:Tav-piris mtvreva, Tav-piris gaerTianeba,cxvir-piris mtvrveva, xel-fexis Sekvra,xel-fexis SeboWva, xel-fexis gaxsna,Tval-warbis Sekvra, Tval-warbis gaxsna,cxvir-piris Selamazeba, mxar-beWis Camoyra,mxar-beWis aCeCva, sisxl-xorcSi gajdoma,inglisurSi: cost someone an arm and a leg, bound/tied hand and foot,live (from) hand to mouth, wait on someone hand and foot,to have a good head on one's shoulders,head and shoulders above someone,by the skin of one's teeth, see eye to eye, face to face.am gamoTqmebSi komponentTa mniSvneloba STanTqmulia idiomissaerTo SinaarsiT, calkeul sityvas dakarguli aqvs semantikuriTavisTavadoba da ganuyofeli leqsikuri erTeulis rolSi gvevlineba.116

inglisuri da qarTuli somaturi idomebis SepirispirebiTiklvevisas aRmoCnda, rom qarTuli somaturi idiomebis bolo komponentiZiriTadad aris zmna da miiReba kompozitebi, romlebSic zmnurielementi SenarCunebulia da saxeze gvaqvs gaqvavebuli kompozitebi,romlebic enaSi arseboben im idiomebis gverdiT, romelTaganac isiniwarmoiqmna. magaliTad,Tavbrus daxveva - TavbrudamxveviTavis Sekaveba - TavSekavebuligulis aCuyeba - gulaCuyebulifexis mokideba - fexmokidebulienis Cagdeba - enaCagdebulikisris mogrexa - kisermogrexiliyelis moRereba - yelmoRerebulisisxlis Rvra - sisxSlismRvreliwelSi gamarTva - welgamarTulimuxlis modreka - muxlmodrekili.inglisur enaSi moiZebneba iseTi gaqvavebuli kompozitebi,romlebic idiomisagan aris miRebuli, magaliTad:1. want someone's blood - sisxli swyuriaam idiomisgan miRebulia gaqvavebuli kompozitiblood thirsty - sisxlmowyurebuli2. break somebod'ys heart - guli gautexa, guli moukla.broken hearted gulmokluli3. with a heavy heart - damZimebuli guliTheavy - hearted - guldamZimebuli4. to bend the knees to somebody - muxlis modrekaknee-bent - muxlmodrekiliinglisuri da qarTuli somaturi idiomebis SepirispirebisasaRmoCnda, rom aris SemTxvevebi, umetesad qarTul enaSi, rodesacsomaturi idiomi gaqra, xolo misgan miRebuli kompoziti myaraddamkvidrda enaSi. magaliTad,pirSiCalagamovlebulienawavardnili117

WkuadafantuligulCaTxrobilixolo maTi warmomqmneli somaturi idiomebi ukve daikarga da argvaqvs. magaliTad:* pirSi Cala gamoavles 2* ena Cavarda//ena wauvarda* Wkua daefanta* gulis CaTxrobamesame tipis aris sityvebi nawarmoebi sityvaTmawarmoebelisufiqsebis meSveobiT. magaliTad: pirveladi nominaciis SedegadmiRebuli sityvidan - `sisxli" warmoiqmna sityva `sisxliani", ulvaSi -`ulvaSiani", tani - `tanadi", cremli - `acremlebuli" suli `usulgulo".amis magaliTebi agreTve sakmaod mravlad mogvepoveba inglisur enaSic.magaliTad: blood - bloody, bloodless,soul - soulful, soulless,tear - hearful, tearless,head - headles, heady,heart - heartless, heartness, hearty,magram am SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, pirveladi nominaciis SedegadmiRebuli sityvebidan warmoqmnil yvela am sityvas semantikuriTavisTavadoba gaaCnia da calkeuli semantikuri datvirTva aqvs, Tumcauamravi maTgani mTel rig somatur idiomebSi gvevlineba.magaliTad: guliani adamiani, ugulo pirovneba, erTi muWa xalxi,upiro adamiani.inglisur enaSi:be quite a handful, be (quite) a tongueless, be bloody;mesame tipis am konkretul SemTxvevaSi pirveladi nominaciisSedegad miRebuli sityvebi mravlad gvxvdeba somatur idiomebSi.magaliTad: sisxli da xorcisuli da guliZvali da tyavi2 simbolo * gamoiyeneba iseTi idiomebis aRsaniSnavad, romlebic Tanamedrove enaSi aRargamoiyeneba.118

kbilebiT da frCxilebiTTvali da yuriinglisurSi: fresh and blood ,heart and soul, skin and bone, to be in somebody's skin,to change one's skin, to jump out of one's skin, to save one's skin,to have no soul, to make one's blood boil, to make one's blood run cold,to stir blood, be one's blood up, be one's blood warm,scalding tears,crocodile tears,to burst into tears, bite one's tongue off, hold one's tongue,a slip of the tongue, fight tooth an nall, armed to the teeth,lie through one's teeth,break ones' neck, pull someone's leg,keep one's nose clean, pay through the nose,to pick up one's heart,after one's heart, to have the heart to do something,to lose heart, next one's heartmeoTxe tipi, es aris metaforuli warmoSobis sityvebi, romlebicidiomatur gamoTqmebs Tavisebur esTetiur elfers matebs. metafora arisazrovnebis forma, romelic vlindeba yvelgan. kerZod, enaSi xelovnebaSi,sadac arsebobs niSanTa sistema. metaforac TavisTavad niSania.gansxvaveba Cveulebriv niSansa da metaforul niSans Soris isaa, romCveulebriv niSans aqvs erTi aRmniSvneli da erTi aRsaniSni, xolometaforas aqvs ori aRsaniSni da erTi aRmniSvneli.berZnuli gansazRvris Tanaxmad, es aris mxatvruli efeqtismomxdeni figura Seqmnili mniSvnelobebis gadataniT aSkaradnaxsenebidan nagulisxmevze, anu aris erT movlenaze miTiTeba da meorisgulisxmoba. Tanamedrove dazustebiT esaa mniSvnelobis `gadanacvleba"Tanaarseboba erT aRmniSvnelTan ori mniSvnelobisa - `pirdapirisa" da`gadataniTis", ,,centraluris” da ,,gverdiTis” (l.blunfildi)mniSvnelobis ,,agoreba”, ,,gaxleCa” ,,semantikuri paralelizmi”(r.iakobsoni)metafora aris semantikuri paralelizmis Semcveli forma, es kiimas niSnavs rom ambob erTs da gulisxmob meores, magram naxsenebsacxedav. semantikuri pararelizmis ganxorcieleba anu, metaforis gaCena,SeiZleba moxdes, roca am semantikuri pararelizmis Semadgenel orivemniSvnelobas Soris, orive movlenis aRmniSvnels Soris arsebobs, raRacsaerTo niSani sema - mniSvnelobis mcire elementi, romelic Seesadageba119

TviT movlenis niSnebs. esTetikuri zemoqmedeba metaforis dros ufroZlieria, vidre Cveulebriv SemTxvevaSi.magaliTad: `erTi muWa xalxi" - am idiomatur gamonaTqvamsmetaforis esTeturi zemoqmedeba aSkarad etyoba. idiomaturgamonaTqvamSi igulisxmeba `cota xalxi", saerTo niSani: `cota xalxi",hqonda Tavisufali niSnebi - quCasTan, sofelTan... dakavSirebuli,romelic aRar SerCa, radgan es Tavisufali niSnebi ar iyomniSvnelovani, xolo SemakavSirebeli niSnebi Zalian cxadad(obieqturobis maRali xarisxiT) axasiaTebda meore (gadataniTmniSvnelobas), es saerTo kanonzomierebad gvesaxeba. cxadia, obieqturadmaxasiaTebeli niSani mkveTrad Semodis Cvens cnobierebaSi da TavisufalniSnebs, gansakuTrebiT umniSvnelo Tavisufal niSnebs Crdilavs daufro metic, TandaTan Tavisufali niSnebis gandevnis procesimimdinareobs da Semdeg sruliad qreba. amgvarad, sabolood gvrCebamyari idiomaturi gamonaTqvami, romelic metaforuli elferiTxasiaTdeba. aseve myari idiomaturi gamonaTqvami – vinmes gulis vardimetaforul xasiaTs iZens. es aSkarad mniSvnelobis gaorebis Semcveliidiomaturi gamonaTqvamia. misi mniSvneloba warmoadgens niSanTa(SinaarsTa) kompleqss, romlebic axasiaTebs movlenas realurad, romvardi yvavilia da adamianTa mier aRiarebulia, rom igi lamazia. aseTiniSnebi obieqturia, magram amave dros aseTi niSnebi, SeiZlebaaRiqmebodes calkeuli subieqtis mier, rogorc nebismieri, maqsimaluradmoulodneli da emyarebodes marto mTqmelisaTvis gasageb asociacias damxolod misTvis iyos cxadi da damajerebeli. am idiomaturi gamoTqmismetaforuli xatovaneba aSkara da TvalSi sacemia. misi xatovani xasiaTiudavoa da am xatovanebis aRqma subieqturia da didad arisdamokidebuli msmenelis an mkiTxvelis kulturasa da ganaTlebaze.idiomatur gamonaTqvamze metaforis esTetiuri efeqtianobisintensivobas gansazRvras Tavisufal niSanTa raodenoba da is, Turamdenad aqtiurad eZebs msmeneli Tavisufal niSnebs, rac TavisTavadSemakavSirebeli niSnis sicxadeze, anu obieqturi maxasiaTeblobisxarisxzea damokidebuli.120

metaforis meqanizmebis meSveobiT enaSi saxeldebuli realiisa dasaxelis misaniWebeli realiis zogierTi Tvisebis msgavsebis safuZvelzexorcieldeba axali idealuri obieqtis sinTezireba. is axali idealuriobieqti warmoadgens am saxelis metaforulad xelaxla gaazrebulmniSvnelobas axali, fizikurad aRqmadi realiisa Tu movlenebisdasaxelebis an kidev garkveuli axali cnebis Sesaqmnelad TviT misimetaforuli dasaxelebis mizniT. magaliTad, somaturi komponenti ,,Tavi”gvxvdeba Semdeg frazaSi: qalaqis Tavi, qarTul enaSi da head of governmentinglisur enaSi, sadac axalma realiebma mxolod saxeli miiRes.vinaidan ena ara marto komunikaciis saSualeba, aramed informaciisSenaxvis wyaroc aris, amitom ena afiqsirebs praqtikulad yvelafers,rasac xalxis erovnul-kulturuli memkvidreoba hqvia.metafora arsebiTad warmoadgens erTgvar models, romelic enaSiasrulebs iseTsave funqcias, rogorsac sityvaTwarmoebiTi modeli.magram igi Sefarulad moqmedebs enaSi. metaforuli procesebis xasiaTsgansazRvravs misi subieqtis mizani. metaforis Seqmna orientirebuliaara nominaciaze, aramed im pragmatul efeqtzec, romelsac metaforaiwvevs. metaforis modeli sakmaod rTulia, radganac igi qmnis sruliadaxal enobriv obieqtebs. magaliTad: sisxlis alazania blood bathmetaforul gamoTqmebSi areklilia xalxis istoriuli, erovnulida socialuri Taviseburebani. e.rizeli samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom,,xalxis metyveleba da poezia metaforis umdidresi wyaroa. is Seicavsnairnair suraTebs, romlebic xan xalxis poetur suls da SemoqmedebiTfantazias avlenen, xan mis iumors, kritikasa da satiris iSviaT unars,yvela calkeul SemTxvevaSi mis udavo originalobas” (e.rizeli). xolobrinkmanis moxdenili ganmartebiT, metaforebi, ,,adamianis gonebiszeSTagonebis nayofia, misi Sina da gare samyaros utyuari suraTi, misicxovrebis istoriis mravali faqtis monumentia”.metaforebi gadmogvcemen eris zne-Cveulebebs, maT fiqrsa damiswrafebebs, kulturasa da istorias. Suasaukuneebis manZilze xalxSiSeqmnil da Camoyalibebul metaforebs Sesatyvisi ekvivalenti moepovebaTsxvadasxva enebSi. maT dResac ar daukargavT TavianTi efeqti. Yyoveli121

molaparake, Tuki saqme ganviTarebuli tradiciisa da literaturis mqoneenas Seexeba, intuiturad, magram mkveTrad arCevs ganagonis anwakiTxulis emociur JReradobas.M metaforebi xatovani enobrivi saSualebebia, romlebic yvela enaSigvxvdeba. maTi xmareba, ise rogorc sityvebis SerCeva, damokidebuliaindividze. Aazris gamoxatviTi enobrivi saSualebebi da SerCeulileqsikuri masala ZiriTadi pirobaa stilis gansazRvrisaTvis.konteqstTan dakavSirebuli kargad moZebnili sityva winadadebis azrissicxadesa da sizustesTan erTad stilistur elfers da efeqtsac matebs.calked izolirebulad aRebuli, konteqstisagan mowyvetili sityva kimoklebulia yovelgvar efeqtsa da silamazes, amasTan xels uSlis azrisaRqmasa da damaxsovrebas.sityvis esTetikur – SemecnebiTi funqciis gaxsna da misganwarmoSobili stilisturi efeqti SemoqmedebiTi procesia. is gulisxmobsmkiTxvelis ganwyobas da kulturul dones. am mxriv didi mniSvnelobaeniWeba zogadad lingvistikaSi kognituri metaforis arsebobas, romelicerebis enobriv cnobierebaSia aRmoCenili. kerZod kognituri metaforakognituri lingvistikis erT-erT miRwevad unda CaiTvalos. Kkogniturimetaforis koncefciis avtorebis j.leikofisa da m.jonsonis azriT, amtipis metaforaTa konkretuli Sinaarsi maTi Semqmneli kulturisTaviseburebis gamomxatvelia. ,,mocemuli kulturisaTvis yvelazearsebiTi Rirebulebebi uSualo kavSirSia yvelaze arsebiTi cnebebismetaforul struqturasTan enaSi” (G.Lakoff) enaSi kognituri metaforisarseboba TiToeuli eris aRqma azrovnebisTvis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeliniSania.kognitivistebis j.leikofisa da m.jonsonis Teoria emyareba imas,rom inglisur enaSi es movlena arsebobs da miiCneven, rom igi yvelaenaze unda vrceldebodes. maTi azriT, ,,metafora SeaRwevs CvensyoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, aramarto enaSi, aramed azrsa da qmedebaSic.Cveni konceftualuri sistema, romelze dayrdnobiTac Cven kidevacvazrovnebT da kidevac vmoqmedebT, Tavidan bolomde metaforulia TavisiarsiT (j.leikofi da m.jonsoni) da adamianebs axasiaTebT garemomcvelisamyaros movlenaTa metaforuli aRqma, raSic aisaxeba ama Tu im enis122

matarebeli kulturis warmomadgenelTa erovnuli fsiqologia.siyvaruli, aris is, rac nebismieri eris cnobierebaSi arsebobs dasxvadasxvagvari gamoTqmebis, frazeologizmebis saxiT gamovlindeba TviTenaSi. magaliTad: love is blind - siyvaruli brmaa, romelic kogniturimetaforis nimuSad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. rogorc inglisur, ise qarTulenaSic. aseve SeiZleba miviCnioT gamoTqma love speaking eye – siyvarulismetyveli Tvali. romelSic gamoyenebulia somatizmi ,,Tvali” da ammagaliTidan naTlad Cans, rom somaturi idiomi metaforuli elferiTxasiaTdeba.Tavad is faqti, rom adamianebi garemomcvel sinamdvilesmetaforulad aRiqvamen, maTi cnebiTi sistema SeiZleba iTqvas, rommetaforulia Tavisi arsiT. kognituri metaforac ki, swored erovnulaRqmaSi arsebobs da realizdeba Tavad enaSi. inglisuri da qarTulienebis somaturi idiomebis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT iseT somatur idiomebs,romlebSic SeiZleba davinaxoT kognituri metaforis arseboba. radganacsomatizmis ,,guli” gamoyeneba yvelaze didi raodenobiT gxvdeba,rogorc inglisur, ise qarTul enaSi da radganac guli nebismieri enismatarebelisaTvis grZnobis gamomxatvelia, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom grZnobagulia da Semdegi somaturi idiomebis arseboba inglisur da qarTulenebSi kognituri metaforis arsebobis damadasturebelia.magaliTad: to with one’s whole heart – mTeli guliTto stir smb’s heart – gulis amRvrevato give one’s heart to smb. – gulis micemasomatizmi ,,xeli” Cven ukve ganvixileT, rogorc saqmianobis,moqmedebis, ostatobis, urTierTobisa da gacvlis mniSvnelobiT, agreTve,rogorc ganzraxvis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi saSualeba, magram igiamasTanave SeiZleba, ganvixiloT, rogorc Zalauflebis simbolo maTigadaazrebis meoradi mniSvnelobiT. saidanac mtkicdeba kidec misikognituroba. romelic arsebobs rogorc inglisur, ise qarTul enaSic.magaliTad: to have the whiphand – xelSi uWiravs (akontrolebs, imorCilebs).mainc ratom gamoiyeneba aseTi sixSiriT adamianis sxeulis nawilTasaxelwodebebi metaforuli universaliebis saxiT? saqme is aris, rom123

axali obieqtis saxeldebisas adamians pirvel rigSi uCndeba asociaciaimasTan, rac misTvis kargad aris cnobilia, rac masTan axlosaa, anuadamiani garSemo myof sagnebs adarebs sakuTar Tavs, sakuTari sxeulisnawilebs.amrigad, meoradi nominacia misi oTxive tipiT somaturi idiomebisformirebis erT-erT yvelaze produqtiul saSualebas warmoadgens,romlis specifika kulturologiuri da fsiqologiuri aspeqtiTganisazRvreba da masSi monawile Sinaarsebis asociaciebis TvalsazrisiTeris enobrivi aRqmisaTvis mniSvnelovania ara marto samyaros movlenebispirdapiri aRqma, aramed isic, Tu ra kuTxiT aRiqvams ena ama Tu immovlenas. swored Semecnebisa da saxeldebis am Taviseburebas emyarebametaforuli nominacia, romelSic yoveli idioma individualuriSemoqmedebiTi xedvis da adamianis sagnobrivi Tu sulieri samyaroscalkeul movlenaTa subieqturi Sefasebis aqts warmoadgens.124

Tavi IIIspecifiuri kolokvialuri somaturi idiomebisfunqciobis kanonzomierebani3.1. somaturi enis gamoyenebis Taviseburebani kolokaciebTanmimarTebaSienaTmecnierebisa da filosofiis SemaerTebeli disciplina awydebaiseT problemas, rogoricaa sxvadasxva sityvebis erTmaneTTanSekavSireba. inglisuri gamonaTqvamebis swori da Sesaferisi gamoyenebamkafio niSania enis bunebrivi flobisa da saimedo sazomia ucxo enazemosaubris Sefasebisa. sityvTa swori Sexameba SesaniSnavad gviCvenebs eniscodnis dones da mosaubris moxerxebuloba-gawafulobas am enaSi.nebismieri ucxo enis Seswavlis dros SemswavlelTaTvis ZiriTadsiZneles ara marto zmnasTan arsebiTi Tu zedsarTavi saxelis ukeTSewyoba warmoadgens, aramed agreTve udidesi mniSvneloba eniWebaidiomaturi gamonaTqvamebis swor gamoyenebas ama Tu im situaciaSi.vidre SevexebodeT iseT problemas, rogoricaa sityvaTa SeTanxmeba,gvinda SevCerdeT erT sakiTxze, ra aris termini sityva? da vxvdebiT Tuara raime gaugebrobas am terminis gamoyenebis dros. aris Tu arapirdapiri kavSiri sityvasa da im sagans Soris romelsac is warmoadgens?yovelive es lingvisturi kvlevis fundamentur problemas warmoadgens.bevri ram aris cnobili enis warmoSobis Sesaxeb da Sesabamisad,sityvis warmoSobis Sesaxebac, magram arsebobs ramodenime hipoTeza.TiTqmis araferia cnobili im meqanizmze, romlis mixedviTac mosaubreirCevs bgerebs, rom miiRos sityva da Semdeg, Sesabamisad irCevslingvisturad urTierTSesabamis sityvebs. aseve auxsnelia procesi,romlis drosac msmeneli axerxebs akustikuri fenomeni moaqcios azradda idead, rac safuZvlad udevs komunikaciis ormxriv process.125

l.blumfildis gansazRvris mixedviT sityva aris metyvelebisminimaluri damoukidebeli erTeuli. lingvisturi forma, romeliccalke ar warmoiTqmis, aris araTavisufali bmuli forma, yveladanarCeni ki Tavisufali formebia. Tavisufali forma, romelicfrazeologiuri erTeuli ar aris, aris sityva.e.sepiris azriT, sityva aris damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis mqoneumciresi erTeuli, romelic warmoadgens winadadebis erT-erTSemadgenel nawils. sepiri sityvis kidev erT mniSvnelovan TvisebazemiuTiTebs – esaa sityvis erTianoba.sityva da cneba Seadgens dialeqtur erTobliobas, romelic argulisxmobs maT absolutur identurobas. erTi cneba SeiZlebacalkeuli sityviTac gamoixatos da sityvaTa jgufiTac.magaliTad:a blue – eyed girl – cisferTvaleba gogonaa girl with blue eyes – gogona cisferi TvalebiTdReisaTvis mecnierebi ukve SeTanxmdnen, rom pirvel rigSi, sityvaaris metyvelebis erTeuli, romelic emsaxureba komunikaciis mizans.aqedan gamomdinare, sityva SeiZleba ganvmartoT, rogorc komunikaciiserTeuli. garda amisa, sityva SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc bgeraTaerToblioba. da bolos, sityva, Tu mas struqturuli TvalsazrisiTganvixilavT flobs sxvadasxva maxasiaTeblebs.sityvis semantikuri struqtura Seicavs iseTi pirveladimniSvnelobis sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa leqsikuri mniSvneloba,gansxvavebuli tipebi, mkveTrad gamoxatuli msgavsi Tvisebebi, urTierTdamokidebuleba sityvasa da am enis miRma arsebul samyaros Soris.yovelgvari mizezi arsebobs imisa, rom ganvsazRvroT sityvismniSvneloba, rogorc erTeuli Sedgenili sxvadasxva elementebisagan,romelTa urTierTmimarTeba gadawyvets sityvis Rirebulebas. is oriZiriTadi mniSvneloba, romelic upirvelesad SeiniSneba sityvaSi, es arismisi gramatikuli da leqsikuri mniSvneloba.gramatikuli mniSvneloba periodulad meordeba individualurformaTa msgavs jgufebSi, romelic damaxasiaTebelia garkveuli klasissityvebisaTvis, magaliTad, arsebiT saxelebs gaaCniaT specialuri126

formebi, romelic gamoxatavs mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTis gramatikulmniSvnelobas.sityvis leqsikuri mniSvneloba gamoxatavs kavSirs obieqtTan,romelsac is asaxelebs. es is arsia, romelic gansazRvavs sityvisSinaarss. leqsikuri mniSvneloba moicavs, rogorc zogads, isekonkretuls.leqsikuri da gramatikuli aspeqti Seadgens sityvis mniSvnelobasda arcerTi maTgani ar arsebobs damoukideblad. organuli kavSiri daurTierTmimarTeba leqsikursa da gramatikul mniSvnelobebs Sorisarasodes ar unda gamovricxoT.sayuradReboa, rom mecnierTa nawili cdilobs gansazRvros sityva,rogorc leqsikuri fenomeni, magram samwuxarod, TiTqmis arc erTiganmarteba aris absoluturad srulyofili. aseve gasakviria, rommiuxedavad Tanamedrove mecnierebis didi miRwevebisa, jer kidev araaSeswavlili sityvis bunebis yvela aucilebeli aspeqti. erTi ki yvelamecnierisTvis misaRebia. sityva enis fundamentaluri erTeulia. aviRoTsityva – tap.erTi mxriv, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arsebobs erTi sityva tap,romelsac ramodenime mniSvneloba aqvs.magaliTad: to give somebody a tap on the shouldermxarze xelis moTaTunebaa water tapwylis onkanimeore mxriv, SeiZleba iTqvas am gamoTqmebSi gamoyenebulia oriabsoluturad gansxvavebuli sityva tap. aqedan gamomdinare, sityvas xSiraduwodeben leqsikur erTeuls. Tumca rud kempsoni ingliseli lingvistiTvlis, rom arsebobs erTi sityva da ramdenime leqsikuri erTeuli.magaliTad, arsebobs erTi sityva hand da ori leqsikuri erTeuli: erTi,romelic aRniSnavs xels da meore, somaturi idiomi on hand –xelmisawvdomi, romelic zustad igive fonologiuri sityviT aRiniSneba.127

Tumca sakiTxi arc Tu ise sakamaTao, rogorc es erTi SexedviTCans. sityvis mniSvnelobis meryeoba konteqstzea damokidebuli da esfenomeni SeiZleba ganisazRvros tradiciuli terminiT – polisemiiT.yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, Cven vdgebiT aseTialternativis winaSe: erTi, rom leqsikuri erTeulis mniSvnelobamudmivi ar aris da icvleba konteqstis mixedviT da meore, romleqsikuri erTeulis mniSvneloba mudmivia da rom mniSvnelobiTgansxvavebuli winadadebebi Seicaven gansxvavebul leqsikur erTeulebs.sityvis Seswavlis Tanamedrove midgoma emyareba gansxvavebas,romelic arsebobs sityvis garegan da Sinagan struqturebs Soris.sityvis garegan struqturaSi igulisxmeba misi morfologiuristruqtura. sityvis Sinagan sruqturaSi ki – misi mniSvneloba, romelsacTanamedrove lingvistikaSi semantikur struqturas uwodeben, romelicCveni azriT, sityvis ZiriTadi aspeqtia. agreTve sityvis SeswavlisTanamedrove midgoma xasiaTdeba ori mimarTulebiT: sintagmaturi daparadigmatuli.sintagmatur doneze sityvis semantikuri struqtura ganixilebamezobel sityvebTan misi urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT, anu sxva sityvebiTrom vTqvaT, sityvis semantikuri maxasiaTeblebi Seiswavleba daganixileba konteqstis safuZvelze.paradigmatul doneze ki sityva Seiswavleba enis leqsikurSemadgenlobaSi misi sxva sityvebTan urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. sityvaSeiZleba Seswavlil iqnes enis leqsikur maragSi misi (sityvis) msgavsimniSvnelobis sityvebTan SedarebiT. magaliTad: guls uwvrilebs – gulsuwyalebs (awuxebs) an SinaarsiT mopirispire sityvebTan SedarebiT. gulsuxarebs – guls uklavs, an gasxvavebul stilistur maxasiaTeblebTanSedarebiT. sulSi CafurTxeba – ulvaSSi CafurTxeba. Sesabamisad,gamodis rom, paradigmatuli Seswavlis ZiriTad problemas warmoadgenssinonimebi, antonimebi da funqcionaluri stilebi. aseTive magaliTebimoiZebneba inglisur enaSic.magaliTad, sinonimuri wyvilebi:to move somebody’s heart - gulis aZgerebato touch somebodys’s heart – gulis atokeba (axarebs)128

antonimuri wyvilebi:to have a heart of gold – oqros guli aqvsto have a heart of stone – qvis guli aqvsfunqcionaluri wyvilebi:to have got smb.or smth on the brain – tvinis aduRebato enter smb’s mind – gonebis arevagamomdinare aqedan, sityvebi realizdeba enaSi da radganacnebismieri ena eris kulturis amsaxvelia, es sintagmaturi daparadigmatuli midgoma savsebiT samarTianad SeiZleba ganvixiloTkulturasTan mimarTebaSi. g.lebaniZe aRniSnavs, rom: ,,kulturaerTdroulad arsebobs, rogorc niSanTa specifikuri saxiTorganizebuli sistema (kulturuli paradigmatica) da rogorc amsistemis realizaciis gziT miRebuli teqsti (kulturuli sintagmatika)”(.lebaniZe 2004; 121). TiToeuli teqsti ki sityvaTa sworiurTierTSeTanxmebis gareSe kargavs mis struqturul da semantikurfunqcias.enis Sinagani formisa da bgeris sinTezi udidesi srulyofilebiTaisaxeba enis gramatikul agebulebaSi, winadadebis warmoqmnaSi, afiqsebissaSualebiT sityvis warmoebaSi, idiomatur gamonaTqvamebSi, amitomyovelive amis warmoebas safuZvlad udevs sityvis struqtura, rameTu`sityva aris enis sruli, gaSlili yvavili, sityvaSi ena iZlevadasrulebul nawarmoebs" (humboldti).enis gareSe ki SeuZlebelia cnebis warmoeba. cneba ar SeiZlebamowvyetili iyos sityvisagan, romelic aris cnebis individualurifizionomia. sityva aris bgeris da cnebis mTlianoba, romelic qmnissityvasa da cnebas Soris Sesatyvisobas, amiTa da bevri sxva debulebiTmivdivarT im ganmartebamde, rom sityvaTa kombinacias, romelic amSemTxvevaSi, inglisur enaze molaparakisaTvis bunebrivad JRers,kolokacia ewodeba, rac qarTulad urTierTganlagebas, ganrigebasniSnavs.129

sityvaSeTanmxebis struqturuli analizis Seswavlis SedegadSeiZleba gamovyoT Semdegi aspeqtebi:• kolokaciis gamoyeneba somaturi idiomebis asagebad• Tanamedrove inglisur kolokvialur somatur idiomebSisityvaTa ganlagebis struqtura• kolokaciaTa idiomaturi funqciasomaturi idiomebis arseboba enaSi, gamoxatulebaa imisa, rom isiniwarmoadgenen enis leqsikuri maragis yvelaze ufro Tvalwarmtac,feradovan da xatovan nawils. nebismier enaSi somaturi idiomebi ariserTgvari suraTebis galerea, sadac Tavmoyrilia eris Cveulebebis,Tvisebebis, tradiciebis, crurwmenebis, zRaprebisa da istoriis amsaxvelicocxali da naTeli suraTebi. masSi Tavmoyrilia citatebi didipoetebisa da mwerlebis gamonaTqvamebidan, sibrZnis margalitebi,moswrebuli gamoTqmebi. isini leqsikis ara marto yvelaze xatovani,agreTve, yvelaze ufro demokratiuli nawilia da Tavisi wyaro xalxurimetvyelebis yvelaze ufro miuwvdomeli siRrmidan miewodeba. amgalereaSi SeiZleba bevr ucnaur kolokvialur somatur gamonaTqvamebswavawydeT.magaliTad, qarTul enaSi: gulidan lodis axsna,gulis gadaSla,TvalebSi nacris miyra,Tvali uWiravs.(vinmeze, rameze),Tvalis TvalSi gayra,Tvalis Cini,yurebze xaxvs daaWris!yuris Txoveba,yurmoWrili yma,pirSi Calis gamovleba,kbilebs ilesavs (vinmeze, rameze),sisxli swyuria,sisxli uduRs,sisxlis gaSroba,130

sisxl-xorcSi gajdoma,suliT xorcamde gacla,suli kbiliT uWiravs,inglisur enaSi: it make’s someone's blood boil,stain one’s hands in blood,carry sin on one’s back,turn someone's eyes open,smack in the eye,up to the eyes in work,one's heart in one's mouth,after one's heart, to move smb's heart,to gain smb's heart,to have the heart to do somethingheart and soul,keep body and soul together,life and soul,save one's own skin,green-eyed monsters,crocodile tears da sxva.somaturi idiomebi xasiaTdebian ormagi bunebiT: konstituentTamniSvneloba qmnis gansazRvrul suraTs, magram mTeli erTeulismniSvnelobas araviTari saerTo ara aqvs am suraTTan da faqtiurad,warmoadgens sruliad gansxvavebul imijs. ase rom zemoT naxsenebi thegreen-eyed monster sulac ar niSavs mwvane Tvaleba urCxuls, aramed iginiSnavs eWvian adamians, romelic pirvelad Seqspiris `oteloSi", iqnagamoyenebuli. e. w. pluck up one's heart absoluturad araferi aqvs saerTomis konstituentebTan, radgan niSnavs `gambedaobis mokrefas".v. h. kolizi Tavis wignSi - `inglisuri idiomebi" wers: standartulsalaparako da werilobiT inglisurSi dRes idiomi aris enis dadgenilida aucilebeli elementi, romlis frTxilad gamoyeneba amdidrebs daZalian alamazebs enas" (Collins 1960; 15).`frTxilad gamoyeneba" mniSvnelovni gafrTxilebaa imisa, romidiomebiT gadatvirTuli metyveleba kargavs originalobasa da cocxali131

enis STabeWdilebas. idiomebi, faqtiurad, es aris gamzadebulisametyvelo erTeulebi da xSiri gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZlebagaicviTos kidec, iseve rogorc metafora. metafora ukve aRar arismetafora, rodesac igi ukve gvxvdeba gamoyenebaSi. isini kargaven TavianTelfers. meore mxriv, zepiri da weriTi metyveleba ZiriTadadkolokvialuri somaturi idiomebis gareSe kargavs gamomxatvelobasa daemociur Zalas. es ganmarteba samarTliania qarTuli somaturi idiomebismimarTac.magaliTad: get smb's blood up – sisxlis tvinSi avardnanew blood – axali sisxliit makes one's blood boil – sisxlis aduRebaone's blood runs cold/freezes – sisxli gaeyinaone's ear decieve - yuri matyuebswalls have ears – kedlebsac aqvs yurebiplay by ears – yuris gapantureba, gapartyunebahave one's ears open – yuris mipyroba, yuris mokvrato wipe one's eyes – cremlis SeSroba Tvalebzeturn a blind eye to smth. – Tvalebis daxuWva raimezemind your eye – Tvali geWiroshave got an eye for the main chance – marjve Tvalito get out of hand – xelidan wasvlato change hands – xelidan xelSi gadasvlato turn one's hand – xelis miyofa; xeli miyo raimesto get one's hand in – xelis gawafva; xelis gaCveva132

inglisuri ena bevr iseT gamoTqmas Seicavs, romlebic naxevradfiqsirebuli (mudmivia) da naxevrad cvalebadia. cvalebadobaSi SeiZlebaigulisxmebodes SesaZlebloba imisa, rom erTi sityva SeiZlebaramodenime sityviT Seicvalos. enis SemswavlelTaTvis ZalianmniSvnelovania imis codna, ramdeni sityva da ra sityva SeiZlebaCaiTvalos mocemuli sityvis Semcvlelad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSiSecdomam SeiZleba mogvces sityvaTa kombinacia, romelic absoluturaducxo da miuRebeli iqneba mSobliur enaze mosaubrisaTvis.arsebobs kolokaciaTa erTi jgufi, romelTac TavisufladSeiZleba daematos sxva sityvebi da meore jgufi, faqtobrivad arutovebs mosaubres arCevanis saSualebas. kolokaciaTa pirvel jgufsewodeba Ria jgufi (open set), xolo meores ewodeba SezRuduli jgufi(restricted set). gansxvaveba am or jgufs Soris mkveTrad gamijnuli ar aris.SeiZleba iTqvas, rom TandaTanobiTi progresiiT xasiaTdeba. pirvelijgufis magaliTia - on hand. es aris kolokvialuri somaturi idiomi, racniSnavs xelmisawvdoms. imis gamo, rom xelmisavdomi SeiZleba iyosnebismieri sagani, amitom TavisTavad SeiZleba am sityvaTSeTanxmebasdaematos ori an ramodenime sityva.magaliTad, to have something on hand, to keep something on handda aseve qarTul enaSic, fexqveS gageba – fexqveS fiandazad gageba;fexis miwydoma – fexis xmis miwydoma;fexebis lokva – fexis mtvris lokva.SezRuduli jgufis kolokaciis magaliTia Semdegi idiomaturigamonaTqvami: to keep an eye on something – Tvali geWiros vinmeze an rameze(Tvalyuris devneba). kolokaciaTa am jgufs SeiZleba daematos mxolodramodenime zedsarTavi saxeli mkacrad SezRuduli diapazoniT. esenia:careful, sharp, professional, watchful. SezRudul kolokaciaTa somaturi idiomebismagaliTebia, inglisur enaSi: cast an eye, one's eye over, have one's hands full, notmuch of a hand at. SezRuduli jgufis kolokaciis qarTuli somaturiidiomia – kargi TvaliT uyurebs, romelsac SeiZleba davumatoTramodenime zedsarTavi saxeli: mwyalobeli, cudi.amgvarad, zemoT ganxiluli semantikurad gamWirvalekolokvialuri somaturi idiomebis magaliTebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia133

davaskvnaT, rom kolokaciis semantikuri integracia markirebulia, rocamisi erT-erTi konstituentis mniSvneloba konteqstualurad SezRuduliada gansxvavdeba mniSvnelobebisagan neitralur konteqstSi.leqsikur da gramatikul mniSvnelobaTa Soris gansxvaveba kikolokaciebTan mimarTebaSi damokidebulia enis leqsikasa da gramatikasSoris arsebul gansxvavebaze. magram samwuxarod, es gansxvavebayovelTvis aSkara ar aris. enaTmecnierebi zogjer gamoyofen mTliansityvebs, romlebic miekuTvnebian metyvelebis ama Tu im nawils (arsebiTisaxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli, zmna, zmnizeda) da e.w. funqciur sityvebs,rogoricaa:L artikli, windebuli, kavSiri da nawilaki. sayovelTaodmiRebuli azria, rom funqciuri zmnebi nakleb mniSvnelovania, vidresruli mniSvnelobis sityvebi.siZnele, romelic arsebobs enis gramatikul struqturasa daleqsikas Soris aris is, rom rTulia maTi erTmaneTisagan mkacradgamijvna. es gaxlavT mniSvnelovani Teoriuli sakiTxi. esa Tu is movlenaerT enaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos leqsikurad, xolo meore enaSi kigramatizirebulad.enaTmecnieebaSi sayovelTaod miRebulia is azri, rom uaRresadrTulia SevZloT zusti mimarTebis dadgena gramatikul da semantikurstruqturebs Soris. faqtobrivad, rac ufro Rrmad vswavlobT enas, miTufro Zneli xdeba am mimarTebis dadgena. mimarTebaSi igulisxmeba is,rom tradiciuli gramatikuli kategoriebic ki ar aris zusti: warsulidro xSirad ar exeba warsul moqmedebas, brZanebiTi kilo ufro xSiradgamoiyeneba iseT kanstruqciebSi, romelTac araferi aqvT brZanebasTan.magaliTad: God damn smb’s eyesTvali daudges!To have a hand in smthra xeli aqvs am saqmeSi!gaurkveveli sazRvari semantikasa da gramatikas Sorislingvisturi Teoriis klasikur problemad iTvleba. arsebobs uamravimagaliTi winadadebebisa, romlebic gadmogvcemen damaxasiaTebelmoqmedebas, magram amave dros arian naxevrad idiomaturi tipis.magaliTad: to give someone a hand134

daxmarebis xelis gawodebastir smb’s heartgulis amRvrevaes magaliTebi gramatikulad gamarTulia, Tumca aq saqme gvaqvs iseTkolokaciebTan, roca sityvaTa erToblioba idiomatur gamoTqmas qmnis.Aamgvarad, kolokaciebs yovelTvis aqvT gramatikuli funqciebi.saerTod sityvis unari, aRmoCndes konkretul gramatikul struqturaSi,aRiniSneba terminiT gramatikuli valentoba. sityvis gramatikulivalentoba farTo cnebaa. umTavresia is, rom valentobas gansazRvravsmetyvelebis nawili, romelsac es sityva miekuTvneba. Tumca aseTSemTxvevaSic ki es valentoba identuri ar aris.ucxo enis SemswavlelTaTvis aucilebelia ara martogramatikul TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswineba somaturi kolokvialuriidiomebis Seswavlis dros, aramed maT stilistur Taviseburebebzedakvirvebac.stilistur TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT somaturikolokvialuri idiomebi or did jgufad iyofa:1.somaturi kolokvialuri idiomebi gansakuTrebulistilisturi Seferilobis gareSe e.w. ,,nulovani stilisturiSeferilobiT” aseTi somaturi kolokvialuri idiomebi konkretuliterminis arsebobis gamo, gamoiyeneba enis yvela funqcionalur stilSi.magaliTad: behind smb’s back – zurgs ukan.2.somaturi kolokvialuri idiomebi, romlebic gamoirCevianTavianTi gamomxatvelobiTi unariT. maT Soris kidev gamoiyofa 2 jgufi:a) somaturi kolokvialuri idiomebi, romlebic gamoiyenebaprocesisa da moqmedebis aRmniSvnelad da aqvs gamoyenebis sakmao farTosfero. magaliTad: to tread on smb’s heels - fexdafex miyola.b) somaturi kolokvialuri idiomebi, romlebsac axasiaTebsmkveTri metaforuli Seferiloba da gamoiyeneba viwro konteqsturigagebiT. magaliTad: chins are wagging – xma dadis, xma dairxa.aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom inglisuri da qarTuli somaturiidiomebis SepirispirebiTi kvlevisas am tipis anu metaofruli elferis135

mqone somaturi idiomebi qarTul enaSi ufro mravlad mogvepoveba, vidreinglisurSi. magaliTad:guli eubneba;sisxlis gaSroba,ena gatexa,nawlavebi Civian,eniT nakvercxals iRebs,enad gadaqceva,enam uyivla,mze pirs ibansnaRveli moeria,fexis xmas ahyva,xmis dagdeba,yelis moRereba.rogorc vxedavT sityvebi rogorc leqsikuri erTeulebi qmniansomatur idiomebs. gadamwyvet rols sityvebis erTmaneTTan SexamebisasTamaSobs sityvis leqsikuri da gramatikuli valentoba. leqsikurivalentoba, es aris unari sityvisa, aRmoCndes ama Tu im kolokaciaSi.enaSi arsebuli yvela sityva flobs leqsikuri valentobis gansazRvrulnormas. leqsikuri valentobis SezRuduloba ganpirobebulia enis SidastruqturiT. mecnierTa erTi nawili polisemantikuri sityvisgansxvavebul mniSvnelobas swored leqsikuri valentobis saSualebiTganixilavs.gramatikuli valentoba ki esaa unari sityvisa aRmoCndesgansazRvrul gramatikul struqturaSi. enaSi Semavali yvela sityvaxasiaTdeba gramatikuli valentobis gansazRvruli normiT. gramatikulivalentobis SezRuduloba ganpirobebulia enis gramatikulistruqturiT. gramatikuli valentobis diapazons gansazRvravsmetyvelebis nawili, romelsac es sityva miekuTvneba. polisemantikurisityvis gramatikuli valentoba im konkretuli struqturiTganisazRvreba, sadac gamoyenebulia individualuri mniSvnelobapolisemantikuri sityvisa, rac SeiZleba aixsnas gramatikuli valentobisgaTvaliswinebiT.136

amgvarad, kolokaciaTa gramatikuli struqturis analizisas faqtiais, rom sityvaTa SeTanxmebis gramatikuli funqcia damokidebuliasityvis gramatikul valentobaze, romelic Tavis mxriv ganpirobebuliametyvelebis nawiliT, romlis SemadgenlobaSic is Sedis. Ggramatikulistruqturis transformacia ki gvaZlevs gansxvavebulsityvaTSeTanxmebebs e.i. gansxvavebul kolokaciebs.137

3.2 somatizmebi, rogorc absoluturikolokvialuri universaliebisamecniero literaturaSi, ganmtkicebulia Tvalsazrisi, romsxvadasxva ena sxvadasxvanairad anawevrebs azrovnebas. enasxvadasxvanairad aRniSnavs, anawilebs da aerTianebs saganTa sinamdviles.yoveli ena, warmoadgens saganTa Tavisebur aRqmas. Aamitom enaTa Sorismsgavsebebic bevria da gansxvavebebic. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom enauniversaluria, magram sxvadasxvagvari struqturuli sistemebiTwarmogvidgeba sxvadasxva erebSi. enis universaluri modeligansxvavebuli variantebis saxiT realizdeba ama Tu im enaSi. amasadasturebs Semdegi somaturi idiomebis arseboba inglisur da qarTulenebSi. magaliTad:to have heart set on something♦ Tvali davadgi (raimes, vinmes). am magaliTidan kargad Cans, romramisadmi Zlieri survili samyaroSi arsebul erTi da igive sagans,inglisur da qarTul enaze moazrovne adamianebi gansxvavebulisomaturi komponentiT gadmoscemen. ingliselebi iyeneben somatizms- guli, xolo qarTvelebi - Tvali. Tumca am komponentebs saerTosemantika aqvT. asevea Semdeg magaliTebSic:♦ to fold in arms – gulSi Cakvra♦ rush blood into one's cheeks – sisxlis yelSi avardna♦ to have get smb. in one's bones – Wkuas kargavs misTvis♦ be up to the elbow's in work - yelamde var saqmeSi Cafluli♦ be up to one's eyes in smth. - yelamde var♦ laugh on the other side of one's face – zurgs ukan sicili♦ not to torn a hair – warbis Seuxrelad138

♦ to lose heart - yurebis Camoyrahold/stop your jaws! – enas kbili daaWire! nu ybedob!♦ give smb. a leg up – xelis wakvra (warmatebaSi)♦ disburden one's mind – gulis mofxana; mooxeba♦ hold your mouth – xma Caiwyvite!♦ to risk one's neck – Tavis gameteba♦ led by the nose - yuriT moTreva♦ jump out of one's skin – sixarulisgan fexze ara dgasenis semantikurma analizma, calsaxad unda gviCvenos Tu samyaros,romeli modelia warmodgenili mocemul enaSi. am analizis Sedegadgarkveuli warmodgena unda Segveqmnas imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoraadanaxuli mocemul enaSi gare samyaro, rogor da ra wesebis mixedviTaaigi segmentirebuli masSi (nebieriZe 1999).lingvistebi enobrivi cnebis konceptis semantikur kategoriasmniSvnelovan rols aniWeben da Cveulebriv, dainteresebuli ariansityvis konceptualuri mniSvnelobis SeswavliT. isini naklebyuradRebas uTmoben asocirebul stilistur mniSvnelobas. erTi da imavesagnis mimarT damokidebuleba sxvadasxva enaSi, sxvadasxva konceptebiTaRiqmeba. ,,konceptebis aRqmisas adamiani operirebas axdens ara calkeuliniSnebiTa da maTi simravleebiT, aramed mTliani xatebiT, romelTakonturebi mas saSualebas aZlevs, Seadaros koncepebi” (gamyreliZe 2003;466).lingvisti da kulturologi s.stepanovi miiCnevs, rom ,,konceptiaris, kulturis SemWidroebuli anarekli adamianis cnobierebaSi – isrisi saxiTac Sedis kultura adamianis mentalur samyaroSi. meore mxriv,koncepti aris is, risi meSveobiTac, adamiani (Cveulebrivi, rigiTiadamiani da ara kulturul faseulobaTa Semoqmedi) TviTon SediskulturaSi da rig SemTxvevebSi masze zegavlenas axdens” (С. Степанов.2001. 44). igi wers, rom ,,koncepti imave rigis movlenebs ekuTvnis, rasaccneba. Tavisi Sinagani formiT, koncepti da cneba erTnairia. samecnieroenaSi es ori sityva xandaxan enacvleba erTmaneTs rogorc sinonimebi.139

Tumca amJamad, isini ukve mkafiod arian gamijnulni. ,,cneba” ZiriTadadgamoiyeneba filosofiasa da logikaSi, maSin roca ,,koncepti” arislogikis erT-erTi dargis – maTematikuri logikis termini da bolodros damkvidrda kulturologiaSi” ( Степанов 2001; 44).sityvis konceptualuri mniSvneloba gulisxmobs mniSvnelobisZiriTad mTavar komponentebs, romelic xmarebisas, sityvis pirdapirimniSvnelobiT gadmoicema. lingvokulturologiur gamokvlevebSimecnierTa gansxvavebuli mosazrebebia imis Sesaxeb, Tu enis konkretuladromeli erTeulebi ukavSirdeba koncepts, Tumca kavSiris arsebobaskonceptsa da gamoxatvis verbalur saSualebebs Soris yvela aRniSnavs(omiaZe 2009). igi miiCniaT ,,koleqtiuri cnobierebis nebismier diskretulerTeulad, romelic asaxavs realuri an idealuri samyaros sagans daverbalurad aRniSnuli inaxeba erovnuli enis mexsierebaSi” (Воркачев2004; 34). magaliTad, sityva ,,Tvali” SeiZleba ase aixsnas – adaminissxeulis nawili, faqizi da mniSvnelovani organo. es aris am sityviskonceptualuri mniSvneloba, Tumca am sityvas SeiZleba agreTve hqondesasociaciuri an masTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelobebic. sityva ,,Tvalis”gagonebisas SeiZleba avtomaturad gagvaxsendes ,,beWdis Tvali” ,,wyarosTvali” ,,maxvili Tvali” es ukanaskneli, gamoiyeneba Semdeg somaturidiomSi – ,,arwivis Tvali” (SorsmWvreteli, dakvirvebuli). magram esasocirebuli sityvebi ar Sedis sityvis konceptualuri mniSvnelobisSemadgenel komponentTa CamonaTvalSi.Cveni codnis erT-erTi Semajamebeli aspeqti, aris is, Tu romelisityvaa mosalodneli kolokaciaTa wyvilSi. magaliTad, sityva gulisgagonebaze SeiZleba gagviCndes Semdegi asociaciuri wyvilebi,magaliTad: heart and soulsuli da gulia heart of goldoqros gulia heart of stoneqvis guliam kolokvialuri somaturi wyvilebis arseboba orive enaSi,romlebic msgavsi somatizmebiT xasiaTdebian, adasturebs imas, rom140

somatizmebi absoluturi universaliebia. vinaidan ,,unaversalais,romelic damaxasiaTebelia uklebliv yvela enisaTvis, ewodebaabsoluturi universalia” (gamyreliZe 2003; 401) da radganac somatizmebiadamianis sxeulis nawilebs aRniSnaven da radganac adamiani nebismierienis matarebelia, somaturi idiomebis arseboba am universaliebisarsebobis kidev erTi damadasturebelia. xolo radganac somaturidiomebs Cven ganvixilavT maTSi Semavali sityvebis formebs SorisurTierTmimarTebiT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom maTi somaturi komponentebierTgvar sityvaTa kolokaciebs warmoadgenen.cnobilia, rom winadadebebSi an frazeologizmebSi Semavalisityvebis formebi urTierTganpirobebulia da struqturas qmnian.struqturis mTavari Tvisebaa, rom misi wevri sityvebis Canacvlebamocemuli enis imave formis sxva sityvebiT, maT SorisurTierTmimarTebas ar daarRvevs, rac kargad Cans Semdeg somaturidiomebSi. magaliTad:,,Tavze lafis dasxma” - ,,Tavze miwis dasxma”,,piridan cofebs yris” - ,,piridan napewklebs yris”TiToeul am SemTxvevaSi, Cven saxeze gvaqvs erTi da igivemimarTebebi formebs Soris, anu miviReT msgavsi struqturis mqonesomaturi idiomebi. vinaidan somatur idiomSi ,,Tavze lafis dasxma”sityva ,,lafis”SeiZleba SevcvaloT, sityviT ,,miwis”, romlis Sedegadac ar icvlebaurTierT mimarTebebi mocemul struqturaSi. igive SeiZleba iTqvas,Semdeg somatur idiomze ,,piridan cofebs yris”.kognituri lingvistika aRiarebs SemecnebiT process da masSimniSvnelovan rols xatovanebis principi asrulebs. am mimdinareobisZiriTad amosaval wertils adamiani warmoadgens, romelic samyarosSeicnobs Tavisi fizikuri gamocdilebis safuZvelze. es gamocdileba ki,adamianis im aRqmisa da SegrZnebebis gamovlinebebs emyareba, romlebicsxeulis ama Tu im nawilis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. magaliTad: TvaliTaRviqvamT, xeliT SevigrZnobT, gonebiT SevimecnebT da yovelive amissafuZvelze vaxdenT samyaros Cveneul warmosaxvas, romelSic Cvenidamokidebuleba ama Tu im sagnis mimarT, ukve bunebrivi enis saSualebiT141

gamoixateba. somatur idiomebSi naTlad Cans aRqmis sxvadasxva formebida somaturi komponentebis kolokvialuri Taviseburebani. magaliTadganvixiloT ,,damuqrebis” semantikis Semcveli somaturi idiomebiskonceptualuri msgavseba – gansxvavebebi inglisur da qarTul enebSi.magaliTad: it’s time to bring someone to heeldroa Wkua vaswavloTmind yourselfWkuas mouxmeCast one’s mind backWkuaze moiyvaneNot harm a hair of smb’s headTmis Reric ar moZvres Tavidanes magaliTebi absoluturad msgavsi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTviTgamoirCevian da adastureben, rom ,,damuqreba” nebismieri erovnebisadamianis bunebrivi emociaa da erTnairi formiTa da SinaarsiTgamoxataven am mdgomareobas.somaturi idiomebi erTmaneTTan sinonimur damokidebulebaSi arian.rac naTlad aisaxeba, rogorc inglisur, ise qarTuli enis somaturidiomebSi. anu xerxdeba sinonimebis Canacvleba, mniSvneloba ki igiverCeba. magaliTad:With all one’s heart – with open arms (suliT da guliT)keep in hand – play into smb’s hands (sxvis xelSi Cavardna)suli ganuteva - fexebi gafSika (gardaicvala).Ggabrazebulia - kbilebs ilesavskbilebs ayrevinebsbrazi gulze moawvebaboRma gulze moawvebaagreTve gvaqvs iseTi somaturi idiomebi, inglisur da qarTul enebSi,romlebSic erTi da igive somatizmTan gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva zmna,mniSvneloba ki igive rCeba. magaliTad:warbebs Seikravswarbebi Seenaskveba gabrazdebawarbebi Seeyreba142

give a handlend a handdaxmarebis xeli gamouwodayurebis Camoyrayurebis CamoSvebadadardianebashow one’s handreveal one’s handsxelebi gaexsnaTan erTi da imave zmnasTan – sxvadasxva somatizmi.gaeCxira – pirSi, yelSigaeyina - tvini, sisxligaanZrie - tvini, TaviwaReba – tvinis, gulis, yurebisuse - your brains, one’s headthrow in one’s hands, in one’s mouthstruqturuli mravalferovneba an erTgvarovneba somaturi idiomiserT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa. Tumca arsebobs ramodenime SezRudva.1) SezRudulia Canacvlebis SesaZlebloba. cnobilia, romSeuZlebelia idiomSi sityva ise CavanacvloT, rom ar dairRves misimniSvneloba. magaliTad: to give somebody the cold shoulder niSnavs, vinmes cudadmiRebas, mis ignorirebas. xolo Tu Cven, am somatur idiomSi the coldshoulder CavanacvlebT the warm shoulder an cold elbow miRebuli somaturi idiomigaurkvevel azrs atarebs. aseTive SezRudvaa Semdeg qarTulsomatur idiomSi: ,,marjvena fexi Semodgi” am somatur idiomSiSeuZlebelia moxdes Canacvleba ,,marcxena fexi”. am somatur143

idiomebSi, mkacradaa SezRuduli Canacvlebis SesaZlebloba. racsomatizmebis absolutur kolokvialur Tvisebaze metyvelebs.2) SezRudulia, iseTi absoluturi kolokvialuri somaturi idiomebi,romlebSic ar xerxdeba damatebiTi komponentis damateba.magaliTad: the call of the blood - sisxlis Yyivili.3) aseve SezRudvaa iseT absolutur kolokvialur somatur idiomebSi,romlebSic gramatikuli xasiaTis tipiuri Secdomaa.magaliTad: from head to foot – Tavidan fexebamde.am inglisur somatur idiomSi foot ar SeiZleba gamoviyenoT mravlobiTricxvSi.magaliTad: from head to feet (Tumca xSirad gvxvdeba, rac Secdomaa) xoloqarTul somatur idiomSi, viyenebT mravlobiT ricxvs da aramxolobiTs.aqedan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa fersis varaudi,romelmac pirvelma ganacxada, rom sityva unda SeviswavloT miskompanion sityvasTan erTad (fersi). rasac adasturebs zemoTmoyvanili magaliTebi da aSkaraa, rom sityvebi Cveni survilisamebr arukavSirdebian erTmaneTs. magaliTad sayovelTaod cnobilia Semdegisomaturi idiomebi:have got nerves of steelrkinis nervebia war/battle of nervesnervebis omiskin and boneZvali da tyavibaby and soulsuli da xorcicrocodile tearsniangis cremlebibe in a flood of tearscremlebis niaRvaritooth and nailrac Zali da Rone aqvs144

am somaturi idiomebis arseboba inglisur da qarTul enebSi imazemetyvelebs, rom mxolod iseTi sityvebi ewyobian erTmaneTs, romlebicerTmaneTan semantikurad arian dakavSirebulni. maTi urTierTdakavSirebada SeTanxmeba efuZneba stils da maTi gamoyenebis diapazons. amSemTxvevebSi ar xdeba misi romelime konstituentis Secvla. es idiomebigamWvirvalea TavianTi bunebiT da absoluturi kolokvialuriuniversaliebia. maTSi gamoxatulia im leqsikuri erTeulebisTanmimdevroba, romlebic, rogorc wesi erTad gvxvdebian.humboldti ambobda, rom ,,erTi enis codna, albaT, advildebameoris codniT da saeWvoa SevZloT, romelime maTganis safuZvlianiaxsna WeSmaritad damakmayofilebeli saxiT, Tu ar mivmarTavTdasaxmareblad Sedarebas nebismier sxva enebTan” (Гумболдт 1985. 361).Amdenad, enaTa tipologiur kvlevas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba,vinaidan am dros viTvaliswinebT, rogorc enis gramatikul, iseleqsikur – semantikur faqtorebs, romelTa saSualebiTac enaSi veZebTenobriv universaliebs.amgvarad, somatizmebi Tamamad SegviZlia mivakuTvnoT absoluturuniversaliebs da ganvsazRvoT maTi mimarTeba kolokaciebTan. vinaidanudidesi mniSvneloba unda mivaniWoT somaturi idiomebis ara martoleqsikur – semantikur mxares. aramed aucileblad undagaviTvaliswinoT maTi gramatikuli faqtori.sakvlev TemaSi Cvens mier ganxiluli yvela magaliTi inglisuri daqarTuli enebis SepirispirebiTi analizis safuZvelze, somaturiidiomebis universalobaze miuTiTebs. Ggamokvlevebma gviCvena, rom essomaturi idiomebi ara marto komponenturi SemadgenlobiT, aramed maTileqsikur semantikuri mniSvnelobiTac msgavsia nebismier enaSi. Tumcagansxvavebac SeiniSneba gansxvavebuli somatizmis gamoyenebisTvalsazrisiTac, magram es gansaxvaveba mocemuli somaturi idiomisSinaarsze gavlenas ar axdens, rac somaturi idiomebis absoluturiuniversalurobis kidev erTi damadasturebelia. am debulebissamarTlianoba kargad Cans Semdeg magaliTebSi:to rescue smb. from arms of death – sikvdils xelidan gamostaco145

have a road back – magari zurgi aqvshave no blood in veins – sisxlis gaSrobarack one's brains about smth. – tvinis Wyletawalls have ears – kedlebsac aqvs yurebican't believe one's eyes – Tvalebs ver vujerebto make faces – saxis manWvahave got a foot in the door - fexi moikida saqmeSiby within a hair's breadth - bewvze gadavrCiforce someone's hand - xeliT saTreviahead over heels in love with – TavdaviwyebiT Seyvarebahave one's heart in one's boots – guli windebSi Camivardato show a clean pair of heels – moqusvla; gaqusvlanot have a leg to stand on - xelCasaWidi araferi maqvstake the words out of smb's mouth – sityvebis amogleja piridanzemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad Cans, rom absoluturiumravlesoba sruliad identuria rogorc leqsikuri mniSvnelobiT isegramatikuli struqturiT. vinaidan TiToeuli maTgani umetes wiladdakavSirebulia adamianis sxeulis moqmedebasTan, moZraobasTan, racsxvadasxva kulturisa da enis mqone adamianTa qcevaSi msgavsimoqmedebebiT gamoixateba da zogierTi struqturuli cvlileba sulacar iwvevs somaturi idiomebis Sinaarsobriv cvlilebas. ris safuZvelzeckidev erTxel vadasturebT somaturi idiomebis, rogorc absoluturiuniversaliebis arsebobas sxvadasxva tipis kolokaciebSi.aSkaraa, rom samyaroSi arsebuli erTi da igive movlena sxvadasxvaenis mier sxvadasxvanairad gamoixateba, vinaidan azrovnebas uSualod enaganapirobebs, xolo aqedan gamomdinare azrovneba qmnis kulturas`orives ukugavlena aqvs" kulturis azrovnebaze, azrovnebas enaze,146

maSasadame, iqmneba Taviseburi wre (`jadosnuri wre") - kultura - enakultura, gaSualebuli azrovnebiT. am wreSia moqceuli adamianiscnobiereba". (jorbenaZe 1997; 14).am logikuri jaWvis safuZvelze vaskvniT, rom azrovneba da enamWidro urTierTkavSirSi erTmaneTTan, da amasTanave, es kavSiri pirdapirmimarTulia kulturasTan, xolo TiToeuli xalxis kulturasxvadasxvagvari qceviT aisaxeba da es kidev erTxel adasturebs sepiruorfisTeoriis ZiriTad debulebas, rom `ena gansazRvravs Cvensmoqcevas" ( uorfi). aqedan gamomdinare, ki sociolingvistebi Tvlian, romena aris sazogadoebrivi moqcevis forma, rom azrovneba vlindebaenobrivi formiT da radgan sxvadasxva enis enobrivi formebi ase Tu isemk:veTrad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, ra Tqma unda, sxvadasxvaxalxTan azrovnebis normebic gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. anu enebSivlindeba sxvadasxva msoflxedva (jorbenaZe 1997).enas Seswevs unari garesamyaros mTlianobaSi arsebuli saSgnebi damovlenebi ganacalkevos, anu enis meSveobiT Cven SegviZlia gavaanalizoTesa Tu is movlena. e.i. `ena saymaros analizis Sedegad ena azrovnebisSedegia. ena meoradia. cnobiereba - pirveladi. ena ara mxolod asaxavs,aramed afasebs kidec. amitomac ena koleqtiuri subieqtivizmis Sedegia.saymaros Secnobas adamiani enis saSualebiT iwyebs. amiT igi imTaviTveeziareba subieqtur Tvalsazriss. ena gavlenas axdens mis azrovnebazemaSinac, roca mas miznad aqvs dasaxuli maqsimaluri obieqturobiTwarmoaCinos azrovnebiseuli movlenebi (jorbenaZe 1997; 15)...147

daskvnalingvokulturologia kompleqsuri mecnieruli disciplinaa,romelic Seiswavlis enisa da kulturis urTierTkavSirs daurTierTmoqmedebas mis funqciobaSi da asaxavs am process, rogorcerTian struqturul erTeuls misi enobrivi da araenobrivi SinaarsiserTobliobaSi. enaTmecnieri xrolenko ganmartavs, rom:,,lingvokulturologia efuZneba im faqtis aRiarebas, rom ena,mentaliteti da kultura organulad arian erTmaneTan dakavSirebulnida gulisxmoben erTmaneTs. amitom arcerTi maTganis ignorireba arSeiZleba da arcerT maTgans ar unda mieniWos dominanturi statusi”.(Сроленко 2004; 28). swored amgvaria Cveni poziciaclingvokulturologiis aRqmis aspeqtSi. masSi kulturologias Zaliandidi adgili uWiravs, vinaidan, misi umTavresi sagania kultura, romelicuSualod epoqis arssa da bunebas ukavSirdeba. ,,kulturologiasainteresebs kultura, rogorc integrali, xolo es integrali danaxuliunda iyos epoqis siRrmidan” (lebaniZe 2006; 90). rac ,,siRrmisfenomelogias” ukavSirdeba, romelsac g.lebaniZe ganmartavs da ambobs,rom ,,azrovnebis im meTods, romelic cdilobs Seqmna siRrmiskoncepti,unda vuwodoT siRrmis fenomelogia” (lebaniZe 2006; 91) da igiaxasiaTebs im niSnebs, romlebic igulisxmeba am fenomenSi da epoqasvxedavT am niSanTa eTobliobaSi. esenia: ,,misi sasicocxlo –egzistencialuri mniSvneba, dinamiuroba da xdomilebrioba, misiusasruloba, misi uZiroba da sabolood, misi pulsaciuroba. kulturacrogorc fenomeni unda davinaxoT am arsebiT niSanTa erTobliobaSi”(lebaniZe 2006; 91).mecnierTa didi nawili Tvlis, rom kulturuli msgavseba -gansxvavebebi Sesabamis enobriv frazeologiur struqturebSi uSualod148

aisaxeba, romlebic eris sulis gamovlinebaa, xolo sxvadasxva eriskuluruli faseulobebi sxvadasxvagvari somatizmebiT gadmoicema enaSi,azec pirdapir zegavlenas ama Tu im eris kultura axdens. T.gamyreliZeaRniSnavs, rom enis fardobiTobis TvalsazisiT, pirveladi mniSvnelobaeniWeba kulturas, romelic ganapirobebs enis gamoyenebis tipebs. enaSisomaturi idiomebis daxasiaTebisas aucilebelia ara marto socialur –kulturuli faqtorebnis gaTvaliswineba, aramed agreTve, SemecnebiTi daemociuri Rirebulebis socialuri Tvalsazisi. (gamyreliZe; 2003)somaturi elemenebi frazeologiur erTeulebSi TavisTavadunikaluri movlenaa enaSi, romlebic TavianTi mniSvnelobis diapazoniT,xatovanebiT da eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva. ganxiluli masalissafuZvelze SeiZleba, rom somaturi idiomebi, radgan isini arsebobenTiToeul enaSi, calke gansakuTrebul, an Tundac gamonaklis jgufsmivakuTvnoT. vinaidan ena da misi Semadgeneli sityvebi adamianis sulisada azrovnebis materialuri niSnebiT gamovlinebaa. Yovelive amisgaTvaliswinebiT, somartur idiomebSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba undamieniWos jer mis Sinaarss da Semdeg formas, radgan sityva da misiforma movlenis aRweris, Sinaarsis da azris gadmocemas emsaxureba.somatizmebi, leqsikis erT-erT uZveles fenas warmoadgenen.mecnierTa SexedulebiT, isini nebismieri enis universalur leqsikurfonds miekuTvnebian. didi sixSiriT gamoiyenebian frazeologiurerTeulebSi da zogjer simbolur mniSvnelobas iZenen. somatizmebisfarTo kavSirebi garesamyaros realiebTan, romelTac safuZvlad udevsanTropocentrizmis principi, warmoqmnis pirobebs adamianis sxeulissxvadasxva nawilTa funqciebis simbolizaciisaTvis da leqsikurijgufis leqsemaTa gadataniTi mniSvnelobebis rTuli sistemis Seqmnisada somaturi sityvaTSeTanxmebebis frazeologizaciisaTvis.somaturi komponentis Semcveli frazeologizmebis Seswavla maTiwarmoqmnis anu im procesis analizis TvalsazrisiT, romlis Sedegadac149

ama Tu im enaSi xdeba somaturi idiomis warmoqmna, saSualeba gvaZlevsmoxdes somaturi idiomebis dayofa maTi warmomqmneli wyaroebis Semdegitipebis mixedviT:1. somaturi idiomebi, romelTa Tavdapirveli TavisufaliSesityveba asaxelebs Jestebs, sxeulis moZraobas. aseTi somaturi idiomirogorc wesi, gamoxataven adamianis Sesabamis emociur, fsiqikurmdgomareobebs. am SemTxvevaSi somaturi idiomi gamoxatavs JestisaRwerasac da am Jestis simbolur mniSvnelobasac.magaliTad: `xels TavSi icems" – gamoxatavs Jests da mniSvnelobas`javrobs, nanobs, wuxs". inglisuri somaturi idiomi to hang down one’s head –Tavis Caqindvra (wuxs, nanobs)2.somaturi idiomebi, romelTa sawyisi Tavisufali SesityvebaaRniSnavs mimikas. es somaturi idiomebi, Sesabamisad, Seicavenkomponentebs `Tvali", `piri", `saxe" da a.S., anu saxis im nawilebisaRmniSvnel sityvebs, romlebic monawileoben mimikis realizebaSi. essomaturi idiomebi gamoxataven ama Tu im mimikas da amavdrouladadamianis emociur-fsiqikur mdgomareobas.magaliTad: "flirt with one's eyes”`Tvalebi gadmokarkla""make eyes at smb"`Tvalebi daabriala" da a.S.3. somaturi idiomebi, romelTa warmoqmna ukavSirdeba sxvadasxvafiziologiur SegrZnebas. Cveulebriv es aris adamianis fsiqikurimdgomareobiT an sxvadasxva grZnobiT gamowveul fiziologiurSegrZnebaTa aRwera: "something makes (made) smb's hair stand on end" `Tmebi yalyzedaudga"150

4. somaturi idiomebi, romelTa prototipebi aRweren wes-Cveulebebs,ritualebs, simbolur moqmedebebs, crurwmenebs. aseT frazeologizmebisumravlesobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aramotivirebuloba, anu pirdapirikavSiris ararseboba im situaciasTan, realobis faqtTan, obieqtursinamdvilesTan, romelic warmoqmnis am frazeologiur erTeuls.magaliTad: `xeli CamoarTves erTmaneTs"...warmodgenil sakvalifikacio naSromSi inglisuri da qarTulienebis somaturi idiomebis SepirispirebiTi kvlevis safuZvelze miRebulidaskvnebi SeiZleba Semdegi saxiT Camoyalibdes:1. somaturi idioma warmoadgens enobrivad markirebullingvokulturologiur stereotips, romelic nebismier teqstSi ansituaciaSi avtoris intenciis saxes iRebs da misi racionaluri daemociuri Sefasebis sistemiT gadmoicema;2.. orive enaSi somaturi idiomebis klasifikaciis safuZvladfunqciur-semantikuri kategorizaciis principi gamoviyeneT ,ramaclingvokulturologiuri specifikis axsnis SesaZlebloba mogvca;somaturi elementebis funqcionirebis axleburi gaazrebisas somaturiidiomebis jgufebi metyvelebis nawilebTan aris korelaciurmimarTebaSi;3. somaturi idiomebis Sinaarsobrivi plani orive enaSi emTxvevaerTmaneTs, magram maT Soris arsebul gansxvavebas ganapirobebskonkretuli enobrivi sistemebiT determinirebuli gamoxatulebis plani;4. analizis Sedegad qarTuli da inglisuri enebis masalazegamoikveTa somaturi idiomebis universaluri da erovnul-specifikurimaxasiaTeblebi da dadginda maTi funqcionirebis presupoziciulimeqanizmi.5. somaturi idiomebis zogadi buneba erTnairia qarTul da inglisurenebSi Tumca, am erebis kulturebidan gamomdinare, am or enaSi arismsgavsi da gansxvavebuli somaturi idiomebi.151

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152. Vizetelly F. H., De Bekker L. J. A Desk Book of Idioms and Idiomatic Phrases. New York;London, 1926.153. Vladovskaya I.S. Colloquial English Phrases and Idioms. High School Publishing House.Moscow. 1970.154. Wierzbicka, A. Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts. Berlin: Moutonde Gruyter, 1985.155. Wierzbicka, A. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. New York:Mouton de Gruyter, 1991.156. Wierzbicka, A. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter, 2003157. Wood F.T. English Colloqual Idioms. London and Basingstoke, 1970.158. Wood M. M. A Definition of Idiom. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1986.159. Worral A.J. English Idioms for Foreign Students. London, 1944.160. Wood F.T. English Prepositional Idioms. London; New York, 1967.161. Wood F.T. Egnlish Verbal Idioms. New York, 1967.162. Whitford H.C., Dixion R.A. Handbook of American Idiomns and Idiomatic Usage. New York,1973.159

English Somatic Idioms/Arm/cost smb. an arm and a leg; give one's right arm; keep (hold) smb. at arm's lenght; a shot inthe arm; twist smb's arm; with open arms; arm in arm; armed to the teeth; chance one's arm get ashot in the arm; nudge sb's arm; (you and whose army?) up in arm;s keep smb's belongingswithin arm's reach; the long arm of sb. to be in debt up to the arms; in the arms of morpheus; torescue smb. from tha arms of death, to fold one's arms, arm against; arm for; arm with; s towelcome smb. with oepen arms; to throw oneself into smb's arm; to run/to rush, to fling, tofly/into smb's arms; to arm oneself with knowledge.a shot in the arm-smth. that does a person good. give one's right arm - be willing/repared tomake great seerifice in order to do/get smth./back/against the back of crisisbehind smb's back; brak the back of smth; get/put smb's back up; get of smb's back; haveone's back to/against to wall; put oneself on the back; put one's back into smth; see the back ofsmth; stab smb. in the back; turn one's back on smb; have no backbone; the small of one's back;short back and sides; [you scratch my back and I scratch yours]; have one's back to the wall; assoon as (or when) one's back is turned; back a winner; back a loser; back in the saddle; back inharness; back of beyond; back down; back out; back the wrong horse; back to square one; backto the drawing board; be on smb's back, back and belly, back and edge to give a pain in the back,to be at the back of sb. to be at the back of smbtl. tu put one's back into on'es work, to ut all oneearns on one's back, to back water, back away; back down; back into; back off; back out; backup; back on;to carry smth; on one's back, to fall on one's back, to be on one's back, to to pat on the back,to have a broad back, at the back of one's mind, to stand behind smb's back, to bow one's back, tobe flat/thrown on one's back./blood/be after smb's blood; be out for smb's blood; want smb's blood; be in smb's blood; blood isthicker thatn water (saying); get smb's blood up; in cold blood; like geting blood from a stone;new blood; one's blood boil; one's blood runs cold/freezes; it makes one's blood run cold; flesh160

and blood; have blue blood in one's veins; have smth. in one's blood; bad blood (between A andB); a blood bath; blood and thumder; a bloodless revolution; a bloodless victory; a bloody fool; abloody shove; draw blood; fresh blood; turn smbh's blood cold; blood will tell, to stain one'shands in blood; the call of the blood; to wave a blood shirt; to shed/t spill blood, firs blood; tomake smb's blood turn; to have no blood in viens; to infuse blood into an undrtaking;/bone/a bone of contention; bone up on smht; a bag of bones; the bone of smh's existance/life; havegot a bone to pick (with smb.); make no bones about (doing) smht; near to the bone; the barebones of smth; feel in one's bones; break no bones; close to the bone; the rag and bone man; ragand-bone-years;a faling in the bones; beautiful bones of a face; hard/dry as a bone; to the bone;skin and bone; - a bag of bones; the devil's bones; to cast a bone between; bone of the bone andflesh of the flesh; a bone to gnow /to pick; to have got smb. in one's bones; to have a bone inone's arm/leg; without more bones; to be on one's bones;he will not make old bones; the nearer the bone the sweeter the flesh; what is bred in thebone will not go out of the flesh; to make one's bones./Brain/have got smb. or smth. on the brain; pick smh's brains; to rack one's brains about smth; havea brainwave; cudgel, beat/puzzle/drag one's brains bout smth; have the brains to do smth;brian(s) versus braiwn; cloud one's brain; sharpen one's brain; to blow out one's brains; use yourbrians; that's beyeond my brain; to make smb's brian reel; to have one's brianis on ice; an ildebrain is the devil's workshop//chin/chins are wagging; u to the chin; chuch smb. under the chin; keep you chin up; take things onthe chin; to hold up by the chin;/ears/be up to one's ears; be out on one's ear; play be ear; play it by ear; turn a deaf ear to smth; beall ears; fall on deaf ears; keep one's ears close to the ground; wet behind the ears; behind theears; head over ears; prick up one's ears; set by the ears; take the wolf by the ears; a flea in hisear; have one's ear; have nothing/something between one's ears; one's ear decieve/do not deceive;box smb's ears; cock an/one's ear; a feast for the ears; get an earful of this; keep one's ears open;161

lend one's /an ear; [little pigs have long ears] walls have ears;/not dry behind the ears; in one earand out at the other; burn one's ear;s have no ear; have one's ears open;/elbow/at one's elbow; out at elbows; nudge smb's elbow; elbow one's way; give/get the elbow; to beupto the elbow's in work, to rub elbows with smb. elbow aside; elbow forward; elbow one's waythrough;to lift/to bend, to crook one's elbowsto have more power to one's elbowto elbow ones way into societynot know one's arse from one's elbowa knight of the elbow/eyes/Keep an eye on smth, smb; see eye to ege; pull the wool over smb's eye;s cast/run/ one's yeover smth; catch smb's eye; easy on the eye; have got an eye for smth; have got one's eye onsmth; smth; have got an eye to/on/for the main chance; a smack in the eye; there's more to smth;smb thatn meets the eye; turn a blind eye to smth; with an eye to doing smth; eyeball to eyeball;be all eye;s seem all eyes; be up to the eyeballs in smth; be up to one's eyes in smth; before smh'svery eyes; all in my eye; can or cannot hardly take one's eyes off smb; smth; cry one's eyes out;do smth. with one's eyes closed; eyes down; go into smth; with one's eyes open; have got eyes inthe back of one's head; have never set eyes on smh. smth; keep one's eyes skinned/peeled; makeeyes at smb; only have eyes for smb; smth; throw dust in a person's eyes; the green-eyed noster;with half an eye; the sclaes fell from his eyes; have the bags under one's eyes; have a black eye;with an eye for the main chance; have eyes in one's head; with a roving eye; one's eyesdeceive/do not deceive; easy/hard on the eyes; easy on the eyes; the evil eyes an eye for an eye(and a tooth for a footh); the eye of the storm; smb's eyes are bigger that one's stomach; [beautylies in lover's eyes] beuty lies in the eye of the beholder; smb's blue-eyed boy cut one's eye-teeth;a fest for the eyes; get an eyeful of this; give smb/get a glad eye; a gleam in smb's eye; ajaundiced eye; God damn smb's eyes; in the dwinkling of an eye; Keep one's eyes open; not a dryeye in the house; not know where to turn one's eyes; one in the eye for smth; a private eye's thequeckness of thehard beceived the eye; to smb's trained eye;162

face/save face; be staring smb. in the face; blow up in smb's face; face to face; face the music; flyin the face of smb. smth; have egg on one's face; in the face of smth; keep a straight face; laughon the other side of one's face; let's face it; lose face; on the face of it; put a bold face on it; put abrave face on it; show one's face; a slap in the face; have the face; put a good face on; doubledfaced;face about; face up to; set one's face against; throw in a person's face; have a face lift;have a long face; have a red face; change the face of smth; a change of face; face down/up; facethe facts; one's face falls; the face of the earth; go blue in the face; go purple in the face; go redin the face; grind the faces of the poor (in the dust); make/pull a face; a poker face; to smb'sface; the unacceptable face of capitalisms; [wipe that smile off your face]/fingers/ /thumb/Keep one's fingers crossed; pull one'f finger out; have got a finger in every pie; keep one'sfinger on the pulse of smth; lay a finger on smb; lay a finger on smbt; put a finger on smth; pointthe finger at smb; twist smb. round one's little finger; all fingers and thumbs; get one's fingersburnt; work one's fingers to the bone; have got smth. at one's finertips; slip through one's fingers;snap one's fingers; burn one's fingers; have green fingers; crook one's finger; [his fingers are allthumbs]; not lift a finger;/foot/put one's foot in int; the boot is on the other foot; foot the bill; get /off/ on the right foot; getoff on the wrong foot; have got a foot in both camps; have hot a foot in the door; my foot; put afoot wrong; put one's best foot dorwar; put one's feet down; set foot in/on somewhere; fall onones feet; find one's feet; get cold feet; get back on one's feet; have got btoh feet n the ground;pull the carpet from under smb's feet; run smb. off his/her feet; be rushed off one's feet; stand onone's own feet; have the ball at one's feet; step off on the wrong feet; ste on foot; shake the dustfrom one's feet; have feet of clay; have got/with one foot in the grave; drag one's feet; fleet offoot; not fit to wash smb's feet; the patter of little/tiny feet; under foot; two left feet; walk smb.off his feet; foot-and-mouth-disease.phrasal verb; foot i; foot up to;/hair/163

Keep you hair on! let one's hair down; make smb's hair cur; make smb's hair stand on end;not turn a hairs; by/within a hairs' bradth; split hair to a hair; neither hide nro hair of smb/smth;get in smb's hair; (not) harm a hair of smb's head; tear one's hair;/hand/On the other hand; on hand; give smb. a hand; thy one's hand at smth; come in handy; at firsthand; at hand; be hand in glove with smb; bound/tied hand and foot; cap in hand; come theheavy hand with smb; a dab hand at smth; eat/feet out of smb's hands; force smb's hand; gain/getthe upper hand; lend smb. a hand; give smb. a big/good hand; give smb. a fee hand in smth; handover first; have/take a hand in smth. have /take/want no hand in smth; in hand; keep one's handin; live from; hand to mouth; off hand; out of hand; put one's hand to the plough; smb's righthand (man); show/reveal/ one's hand; strenghten one's hand; take a hand in smth; take smth; smbin hand; to hand; wait on smb; ahdn an foot; be quite a handful. hands off! have one's hands full;many hands make light work; play into smb's hands; win/beat smb. hands down; back of hishand; a left-handed compliment; throw in one's hand; have the whiphand; wash one's hands;hand in hand; hand over heart; hand-to-hand fighting; have clean hands; have smth. to hand; begood with one's hands; bite the hand that feeds one's catch smb. red-handed; change hands;clench one's hands; cold hands and a warm heart; a cool hand on a fevered brow; with smb's(own) fair hand; force smb's hand; get the upper hand; a golden handshake; an iron hand in avelvet glove; the job in hand; the matter in hand; [one's left hand doesn't know what one's righthand is doing] a back handed compliment; look, no hands; not do a hands' turn; on every hand;on one's hands an knees; on the one hard; out of hand; polay a lone hand; one's riht hand; sleightof hand; tie smb's hands; time hantgs heavy on one's hands; win the hard and heart of smb; winhards down; with one hard/both hands tied behind one's back; wring one's hands; high-handed;chuck dad hand; free hand; handy; handful; Phrasa; Verb: hand back; down;up;ait; in; on; off;over; round; to./head/above/over smb's head; be/go off one's head; come to a head; from head to toe; get smth; intoone's head; go to one's head; have a good head for figures; have a head start; have got a goodhead on one's shoulders; have got one's head in the clouds; have got one's head screwed on theright way; head and shoulders above someone; head completely ove heels; Keep one's head;keep a cool head; Keep one's head above water; lose one's head; make head or tail of smth; putsmth. into one's head; put/lay one's head on the block; talk one'a head off; talk through the back164

fo one's head; use one's head; put our/your/tyheir heads together; bury one's head in the sand; aking charles' head; bite a person's head off; heap coals of fire on a person's head; hit the nail onthe head; put one's head into the lion's mouth; run one's haead aginst a stone wall; turn one'shead; have a clear head; with a clear head; clear-headed; have got/with a (good) head for height;shave a head of steam; have an old head on yound shoulders; have a roof over one's head; have athick head; the head of the table; smb's head rolls; one's head rules/governs one's heart; one'shead swells; head to tail; heads turn, tails you lose; heads or tails? enter smb's head; bless smb'sheart; dear smb's head; count heads; let smb. have his head; make headway; need one's headexamined; need smth. like a hole in the head; not know if one is on one's head or one's heads; onone's head; shrink one's head; soft/wrong in the head; a talking head; turn sb's head; two heads;are better than one; wet the baby's head; behead over heeds in love with; have one's head in theclouds; standing on one head; laughone's head off; get into one's head -Phrasal Verb: head after; away from; back; for/towards; in; into; off; out; up;/Heart/have one's heart set on smbt; have the heart; after one's own heart; at heart; break smb's heart;have a heart of gold; have one's heart in the rigth place; have the heart to do smth; a heart to hearttalk; in one's heart of hearts; lose one's heart to smb; one's heart is n't in it; one's heart is in one'smouth; take heart; lose heart; take smth to heart; with all one's heart; after one's heart; open one'sheart; move smb's heart; stir smb's heart; touch smb's heart; lie at smb's heart; give one's heart tosmb; obtain smb's heart; gain smb's heart; pluck up one's heart; have the heart to say smth; in theheart of summer; in the heart of the city; get to the heart of the matter; get to the heart of themystery; next one's heart; eat one's heart out; have one's heart in one's mouth; wear one's heart onon'es sleeve; one's heart bleeds for smb; one's heart misses a beat; sink one's heart; heart andsoul; have got the heart to do smth; with a heart of stone; have a heart of stone; have aheavy/light heart; a change of heart; make a clean breast of smth; beat one's breast; cross one'sheart; der to smb's heart; gladden smb's heart; in one's heart (of heart); make smb's heart bleed;search one's heart; sick at heart; to one's heart's content; warm the cockles of smb's heart; theway to a man's heart in through his stomach win the heart of smb;/heel/one's Achilles heel; down at hee; bring smb. to heel; cool/kick one's heels; take to one'sheels; click one's heels; cool one's heel; show a clean pair of heels; sole and heel; on the heels ofsmth, atlon smb's heels, come to heel, dig one's heels/toes in, drag one's heels, hard on smb's165

heels, head over heels, hot on sb/smth's heels, tread on sb's heels, turn on one's heel, under theheel of smb./jow/in the jaws of death; to wag one's jaw, hold/stop your jaws; a glass jaw, to drop one's jaw./Knee/on one's bended knees; up to one's knees; to go/to fall/to drop on one's knees; to beseech onone's knees; to bend knees to smb. to bring smb. to one's knees; to sit knee by knee; to sit knee toknee; to offer/to give a knee to smb; to learn smth, at one's mother's knees; on the knees of thegods; to bow the knees to Baal; Knee to a duck weak at the knees;/Leg/give smb. a leg up; not have a leg to stand on; pull smb's leg; be on one's last legs' stretchone's leg's'; with one's tail between one's legs; have got/with hollow legs; shake a leg; hsow a leg;leg-up; be all legs, coat/pay an arm and a leg, talk the hind legs off a donkey.the first leg of a fourney, the final leg of a round the world for, to make/to cost away, toscrape/a leg, the boot is on the other leg, to get a leg in, to have a leg, to have the legs ofsmb/smth, to get/to find one's sea legs, to have one's good/seel legs, to stand on one's own legs,to get on one's hind, to get/to put/to set smb. on his legs, to feel one's legs, to fall on one's legs, todance/to run, to walk/smb. off his legs, to be/to be/off one's legs, to keep one's legs, to lose one'slegs, to take to one's legs, to put/to se/ one's best leg foremost, to get, tu put the boot on thewrong leg, to leg after smb, stretch you legs according to the coverlet./eyelash; eyelids; eyebrous/raise smb's eyebrous; bat an eyelid; hand on by on's eyelids(eyelashes or eyebrous)/mind/put/set/turn one's mind to smth; take one's mind off smth. frame of mind; never mind; make upone's mind; verbal idioms mind one's ste; have a closed mind; have an open mind; have anenquiring turn of mind; have a mind to do smth; have a mind of one's own; with a one's trackmidn; ease smb's mind; easy in one's mind; enter smb's mind; blow smb's mind; clotherd and inone's right mind; crss one's mind; do you mind? do not mind me a fest for the mind; give smb. apice of one's mind; if you don't mind; it's all in the mind; know one's own mindl stick in one's166

mind; one's /the mind goes blank nobody/anybody in his right mind could do smth); out of sight,ofut of mind; one's peace of mind; to my mind; mind one's language/ tongue; the way of ones'mind work; mind how you go; mind you; wight off smb's mind; pray on sb's mind, put sb. inmind of sb/sth. put/set sb's mind at ease/rest; speak one's mind; at the back of one's mind. bebored, frightened, plesed out of one's mindl be in two mind about doing smbt. be of one/the samemind (about sb/smth); be/go out of one's mind, bear/keep sb/sth, in mind, boggle smb's mind;bring/call smb/sth, to mind, cast one's mind back, change one's mind, close one's mind to sth.come/spring to mind, give one's mind to smth, have half a mind to do smth, to have it-inmind todo smth, have a mind like a sieve, have a good mind to do smth, have/keep an open mind, havesb/smth, in mind (for smth), in one's mind's eye, in one's right mind, lose one's own mind, ameeting of mind, mind over matler, of unsound mind, on one's mind, open one's mind to smth.mind one's own business;/mouth/put works into one's mouth; mealy-mouthed; down in the mouth; have a mouth to feed; havea mouth like the bottom of parrot's cage; born with a silver spoon in one's mouth; by word ofmouth; keep one's mouth shut; one's mouth waters; open one's big mouth; one's jaw drops; out ofthe mouths of babies and suckling;s shut one's mouth; take the words out of smb's mouth; pharalVerb;s face about; face away; face down; face forward; face off; face onto; face out; face round;face up to; face with;/nail/hit the nail on the head; nail to the counter; pay on the nai; as hard as nail; phrasal verb; nailback; nail down; nail on; nail onto; nail to; nail up;/neck/be neck and neck; be up to one's neck in smbt; break one's neck; breathe down smb's neck; get itin the neck; a pain in the neck; stick one's neck out; neck and crop; at break-neck speed; neckand neck (with smb; smth); neck of the woods; neck or nothing; risk one's neck; wring smb'sneck; dead from the neck up; by the scruff of one's neck, a millstone round one's neck./nerves/have got/with a nerve; have got/with a nerve to do smth; a bundle of nerves; of all the nerve; awar/ battle of nerves; have a nerve;167

nose/have got a good nose for smth; keep one's nose clean; keep one's nose to the grindstone; leadsmth. by the nose, look down one's nose at smth; smb; pay through the nose, turn one's nose upat smth; under one's nose; led by the nose, put a person nose out of joint; follow one's own nose;pick one's nose; cut off one's nose to sprite one's face; poke one's nose into;/shoulder/straight from the shouder; give smb. the cold shoulder; put one's shoulder to the wheel; rubshoulders with smb; a shoulder to cry on; have a chip on one's shoulder; carry smb. shoulderhigh; shrug one's shouldrs; look over one's shoulder; shoulder one's way through; shoulder one'sway forward;/skin/be no skin off one's nose, by the skin of one's teeth; get under ones skin; jump out of one's skin;soaked/drenched to the skin; skin and bone; have a skin like rhinoceros; have a thick/thin skin,beauty is but only skin deep; skin smb. alive; save one's own skin; skinny;/soul/life and soul; (God) bless my soul! body and sou; a feast for the soul; not a living sou; save one'ssoul; search one's soul; upon my sou; keep body and soul together; the crusading spirit; in theright spirit; in the wrong spirit; in the proper spirit; high spirits;/stomach/on an empty/full stomach; turn one's stomach; stomach one's ideas; have no stomach for that;/tears/this vale of tears; crocodile tears; wear and tear, shed/weep to burst into tears, be in a floot offears, to bore smb. to tears, cry with scalding tears to dry up one's tears./throat/thrust down a person's throat; have a frog in one's thoat; have a lump in one's throuat; clear one'sthroat; cut each other; throuts; cut one's own throat; cut-thrat competition/rivaly; a cut-throatprice; stick in one's throat;168

toes/be/keep on one's toes; toe the line; toe the party line; tread/step on one's toes; turn one's toes; ontiptoe;/tongue/be/have got smth. on the tip of one's toungue; bite one's toungue off; hold one's tongue; a slip ofthe toungue; tongue in cheek; set tougnes wagging; speak with one's tognue in one's cheek; havethe fift of toungues; have a wicked tougne; bridle one's tougne; the cat has got smb's tongue;click one's toungue; give smb/get the sleight of tognue; have a tongue in ones' head; tonguetwister;/tooth; teeth/fight tooth and nail; have get a sweet tooth; armed to the teeth; cut one's feeth on smth; fed up tothe back feeth; get on's teeth into smth; lie through one's teeth; tooth and nail; in the teeth of; setone's teeth on edge; show one's teeth; take the bit between one's teeth; draw smb's teeth;gnashing of teeth; sow the dragon's teeth; grit one's teeth; lie in one's teeth; long in the tooth;skin and (sweet tooth)169

qarTuli enis somaturi idiomebigverdebigverdebSi gajdoma; gverdis avla; gverdis aqceva; gverdis axveva; gverdisdamSveneba; gverdSi amodgoma; gverdiT amoyeneba; gverdebi daeTvleba;gverdebis dazelva; gverdula laparaki; gverdze wamowola; gverdi araeqceva magis sityvas; gverds gavla; gverdulad gaRimeba; eSmakisSejdoma gverdebSi; viris gverdi; neknebi Cemi aRar aris; ferdebisCacvena; ferdis amoReba; ferdi ferdze aqvs mikruli;guli|ubesakire unTia gulSi: qvis guli aqvs: cxel gulze: gulze ar axatia:gulze gadagdeba: gulze gadayra: gulze gaskdoma: gulze gaxeTqva;gulze gvelma ukbina; gulze daWdeva; gulze vardis gadafena; gulzekbena; gulze lodis dawola; gulze malamos mocxeba; gulze mosvla;gulze moSveba; gulze moxvedra; gulze nislis Semowola; gulzesisxlis monTxvva; gulze SemonaTeba; gulze Semoyra; gulze Cqmeta;gulze cecxlis mokideba; gulze Wiis gadavla; gulze xatad dasveneba;gulze xelebis dakrefa; gulze xelis dadeba; gulze xelis kvra;gulTan axlos mitana; guli ar misdis ramesTvis an vinmesTvis; guli araaqvs; gu;li eTanaRreba; guli emunaTeba; guli erCis; guli eubneba; gulimisdis; guli miuwevs; guli sagules aqvs; guli uTqvams; guli uTxrobs;guli ukvdeba; guli utiris; guli ucebs visTvisme; guli yelSi sCria;guli Seeqmna (vinmeze, rameze); guli Sestkiva; guli xelT ara aqvs;gulidan amogdeba; gulidan amogleja; gulidan amorecxva; gulidanamoReba; gulidan amoyra; gulidan amoxdoma; gulidan gadagdeba;gulidan gadavardna; gulidan gadayra; gulidan lodis acla, moxsna;gulis acueba; gulis agoreba; gulis aduReba; gulis aTamaSeba; gulisamoskvna; gulis amoWma; gulis amojdoma; gulis amrevi; gulis amRereba;gulis amRvreva; gulis anTeba; gulis areva; gulis atokeba; gulisafancqaleba; gulis aRrena; gulis ayra; gulis aCvileba; gulis aCuyeba;gulis acuncrukeba; gulis aZgereba; gulis buxris amoyra; gulisgangmirva; gulis gagrileba; gulis gadabruneba; gulis gadaleva; gulisgadatrialeba; gadaqaneba; gulis gadayoleba; gulis gadaSla; gulisgakawvra; gulis gakeTeba; gulis gamagreba; gulis gamTeleba; gulisgamonaskva; gulis gamocvla; gulis ganaTeba; gulze dawola; gulzevaxativar! Cems gulSi ijeqi? ZaRlis dapureba vissame gulze; Cems gulzenaxos miwa; Cems gulze ZaRls davapurebo; gulis ganeleba; gulisgaparva; gulis gapoba; gulis gasiveba; gulis gaskdoma; gulisgasufTaveba; gulis gasworeba; gulis gatexa; gulis gaqvaveba; guliskarebis gaReba; gulis gadaSla; gulis gawvrileba; gulis gawyaleba;gulis gaxeveba; gulis gaxeTva; gulis gaxsna; gulis dadgva; gulisdadeba; gulis daTuTqva; gulis dakodva; gulis daleva; gulis damZimeba;gulis dardi; gulis darCena (sadme) gulis daserva; gulis dasetyva;gulis daRrRna; gulis dacxroma; gulis dawva; gulis dawyveta; gulis170

daxurva; gulis dedofali; gulis duRili; gulis vardi; gulis iara;gulis mileva; gulis micema; gulis mobruneba (vinmeze, rameze); gulismobjena yelSi; gulis mogeba (visime); gulis mokvla; gulis molboba;gulis molokva; gulis monadireba(visime); gulis mooxeba; gulismopoveba (visime); gulis mosvla; gulis mofxana; gulis moyvana; gulismoSxamva; gulis mocema; gulis moxarSva; gulis mojereba; gulis murazi;gulis nadebi; gulis pasuxi; gulis povna; gulis sarkmlis gaxsna; gulissaunje; gulis sisxliT gavseba; gulis sityva; gulis siRrneSi Cawvdoma;gulis tkena; gulis tkivili; gulis toli; gulis triali; gulisficarze dabeCvda (risime) gulis ficarze daWdeva; gulis yelzemodgoma; gulis yelSi gaCra; gulis Segoeba (vinmeze); gulis Sevardna(vinmeze); gulis SeZvra; gulis SekumSva; gulis Semageba; gulisSematkivari; gulis SeRoneba; gulis Secvla; gulis Sewuxeba; gulisCaTxroba; gulis Cawyveta; gulis Caxveva; gulis Cveneba; guli wasvla;gulis waReba; gulis wyluli; gulis Wriloba; gulis WuWyis mobana;gulis gulis yuris devneba; gulis yuris mokreba; gulma reCxi uyo;gulma uTxra; guls askdeba; guls dakleba; guls erCis; gulsesalbuneba (rame); guls ayolebs; guls mofoneba; guls moSveba; gulsSemoyra; gulSi amoWra (risime); gulSi aqvs (rame); gulSi gavleba(risime); gulSi garbena; gulSi gatareba; gulSi damarxva; gulSi daWra;gulSi Tqma; gulSi isris gayra; gulSi moxvedra; gulSi naTelisCadgoma; gulis dakleba; gulis dayeneba; gulis dawva; gulis daWera;gulis daxuva; gulis Tan amoyoleba; gulis TuTqva; gulis kleba; gulisleva; gulis SekumSva; gulis Sekleba; gulis Sin dayeneba; gulisCaTxroba; gulis CaSaveba; gulis Zili; guli cema; gulis xmaSi Cavardna;gulis ayola; guli Semokvnesis; guls gipovis; guls dana masvia; gulsdasZmaravs; guls moxvda; gulRviZlSi cecxlis datrialeba; gulSigatareba; gulSi eklad esoba; gulSi eSmakis SeSveba; gulSive Cakvladardisa; gulSi Cabruneba Tvalebisa; gulSi muStis cema; gulSi naTeliCaudga; gulSi survilis Cavardna; gulSi yvia CaiduRa; gulSi tyviiskvra; gulSi Senaxva; gulSi CarCena; gulSi Caxedva; gulSi Casma; gulSiCataneba javrisa; gulSi Caukbina; gulSi CaWedva; gulSi Caxveva; gulSijdoma (visime); dabinduli guli; gulis dadaRva; gulma daiduRa;daSanTva gulisa; zogi Cems gulSiacv Camoixede; kveris jdoma gulSi;laxvris soma gulSi; gulze lodis dawola; meti lukma gulze daadgeba;miwam Caikra gulSi; momdovreba gulisa; tyviisTvisis gulis miSvera;ugulo guli; ugulod muSaoba Tu laparaki; Rameba gulisa; Rvino axaebsgulsa kacisas; Sen gulisadac Camogadnebi; Citis guli aqvs; xanjvlagulmuclisa; javri da varami gulSi Caixvia; javris miSveba gulad; qvisguls nu Caideb; gulze lursmnad dgoma; gulze movida; gulze moWideba;gulze qonis mokvra; guli ar merCis; gulze xelis mosma; guli budesdaidva; guli gaqyva; guli saguleSi aqvs; gulidan dardis gadayra; guliTavis adgilas aGar midgeba; guli mekargvis; guli miTqvams; gulimimiwevs; gulis gagrileba; gulis gadaleva; gulis gadaqaneba; gulisgaerTeba; gulis galaxvra; gulis gakeTeba; gulis gaparva; gulisgasworeba; gulis gaZleba; gulis gawvrileba; gulis gawyaleba; gulisdabneleba; gulis dadeba gulis adgilas; CaRamebuli guli; did gulze;didi gulis qona; isarnakravi guli; mzis guli; mokluli guli; gulismolboba; mjiRva gulisa; gulSi risime CakenWeba; gulSi risime Camarxva;171

gulSi jojoxeTis cecxlis triali; gulxelis dakrefa; mtris gulisadgaxdoma; Seni gulisa; ubeSi gveli Cajdomia; ubeSi tareba (visime); ubeSiCasasmelia; ubeSi Cajdoma (visime); ubeSi Citi uzis; ubiT tareba; ubiscecxlia;enacxra ena gamoiba; enis gamobma; ena mxarze aqvs gadakidebuli; ena uswrebs;ena uWris; enad gadaqceva; enad gakrefa; enaze adgas; enaze akeria; enazearaferi daamagrdeba; enaze daxveva (risame); enaze kbena; enaze kbilisdaCera; enaze utrialebs; enam uyivla; enas ilesavs; enas iwvavs; enasukidebs; eniT nakverCxals iRebs; eniT jaris datrialeba; enis adgma; enisamodgma; enis amoReba; enis ayola(visime); enis gaprtyeleba; enisgagrzeleba; enis datexa; enis dabma; enis damokleba; enis datkboba; enisdaSaqvra; enis daZvra; enis mitana; enis mobruneba; enis moTafvla; enismokvneta; enis mofxana; enis mucelSi Cavardna; enis pirSi Cavardna; enisqavili; enis Sebruneba; enis Cagdeba, daCavardna; enis Cawyveta; eniswagrZeleba; enis wverze adgas (rame); grZeli ena aqvs; saerTo enisgamonaxva; saerTo enis moZebna; advilad ityvis ena; asi enadailaparakebs; gatena eniT (visime); gesliani ena; dabmuli ena; daSaqruliena; ena amecra; ena ar momitrialdeba; ena aRar erCoda; ena gadmogdebulidarbis; ena gauxmes; ena da piri ver mosTvlis; enaze klitis dadeba;enaze SeSroba saTqmelisa; enaze wisqvilis qvis dakideba; enaze Walimoedeba; enam miyivla; enas ZlivsaRa ignebs; eniT ar iTqmis; eniT galokva;enis axsna; enis galesva; enis ganZreva; enis kideba; enis zidva; enis moWra;enis qavili; enis Senaxva; Tafli scxia enaze; moTafluli ena aqvs;kodalas ena sWamao; korZi Sens enas; moqarguli ena; mtris ena; ra enazevTqvi; wvermotexili enaT laparaki; enis tartari;zurgizurgze bolis adena; zurgze mtveris adena; zurgze hkidia vinme; zurgihqava; zurgis awva; zurgis gamagreba; zurgis micema; zurgis Seqceva;zurgis Cveneba; zurgs ukan; magari zurgi aqvs; dedamiwis zurgze;dedamiwis zurgidan aRgva; didi zurgi; erTi zurgi (raime); zurgamdisgaaxeda; zurgva; zurgze akideba; zurgze tyavis aZroba; zurgT ukanagdebs; zurgis motexva; zurgis moyudeba; zurgi xom ara gqava?; zurgmahava aarTva; miwis zurgs kani avyare; mtrisTvis zurgis danaxvineba; oriSolti tyavi aaZro zurgidan; codos akideba zurgze;TaviTavbrus dasxma; Tavbrus daxveva; Tavgzis abneva; Tavzaris dacema; Tavzeawevs (vinme, rame); Tavze balbis dadeba; Tavze bris dyra; Tavzebuzsac ar isvams; Tavze gadasdis (rame); Tavze gadaxda (rame); Tavzegadaxla risame; Tavze gadaxveva risame; Tavze gadaxtoma (visime);avze dadgoma: Tavze dasma (visime); Tavze dastrialebs; Tavzedasxma; Tavze datydoma (risame); Tavze dajdoma; Tavzedahkankalebs; Tavze evleba (visme); Tavze kaklis damtvreva; Tavze172

kevris datrialeba; Tavze lafis dasxma; Tavze leCaqis daxurva;Tavze leCaqis moxda; Tavze mexi daatyda; Tavze moxveva risame;Tavze nacris dayra; Tavze sayreli; Tavze qva daigora; Tavze qonsusvams; Tavze qudi xuravs; Tavze Cits ar gadaifens; Tavzewisqvilis qvis datrialeba; Tavze xelaRebuli; Tavze xelis mosma;TavTxlis gadardena; Tavi ara aqvs risame; Tavi iCina; Tavi misca(rames) avi moaqvs; Tavi mxrebze abia; Tavi ukra sadme; Tavi qvasaxalos; Tavi qudSi aqvs; Tavis agdeba; Tavis amoyopfa (sadme) Tavisatkiveba; Tavis aReba; Tavis aSveba; Tavis awyveta; Tavis gadadeba;Tavis gadakvla; Tavis gadayoleba; Tavis gamodeba; Tavis mobma;Tavis gamolayeba; Tavis gatana; Tavis gamoCena; Tavis ganebeba; Tavisganze daWera; Tavis garTmeva; Tavis gayadreba; Tavis dadeba; Tavisdasxleta; Tavis daRweva; Tavis daZvrena; Tavis daWera (rogorme)Tavis dReSi; Tavis maRla daWera; Tavis mokatuneba; TavismoqaCleba; Tavis moqonva; Tavis moyra; Tavis moWra; Tavis mtvreva;Tavis sasworze dadeba; Tavis qerqSi ar eteva; Tavis Sekaveba; TavisSenaxva; Tavis Sergva (sadme) Tavis Seqceva; Tavis moyra; Tavis SorsdaWera; Tavis waReba; Tavis waWma; Tavisken iTlis; Tavic utexia;Tavlafis dasxma; TavpatiJis gadeba; Tav-piris mtvreviT; Tavs arudebs; Tavs atexs (rasme) Tavs gadaxda (rame); Tavs gasvla; sad TavigqondeT da sad fexebi; saklad Tavis dadeba; sxvis frinvels Tavzear gadaifrenda da fexqveS WianWvelas ar gaatarebda; sxviskalTaSi Tavis deba; farvanasaviT Tavs evleba; qvevrSi TavisCaxrCoba; qveyanaSi Tavi ar gamomeyofa; Rvinis mier Tavis motaceba;Rvinis Sejdoma TavSi; yeensac Tavs ar ukravs; yvavis daCxavlebaTavze; yoranma Tavze damayrantala; Seni Tavi amoiWame; Seni Taviara maqvs; Seni Tavi mtxovos RmerTma; Seni Tavmdebi viyve; SeniTavisa Tqvi! Cems Tavs ki xelSi mogcem; Cems Tavs qva vesrole? CemsTavze bevri buki daikra; Cveni Tavni Cvenadve gveyudnes; cecxlisgadayra vinmes Tavze; cis dangreva Tavze; cis daqceva Tavzed; cisdaxurva Tavzed; cocxalis TaviT; ZilisaTvis Tavi ukvdeba;Zilisatvis Tavis wartmeva; Zilma Tavi mosWra; Zilma Tavi wamarTva;Zirs dadeba Tavisa; wutisofels TavSi CaquCi Caukravs; Weri Tavzegvengreva; xmos Tavi; jandabas Seni Tavi da tani; Tavze kakalismtvreva; Tavze mwures dasxma; Tavze nacris dayra; Tavze qvadaigora; Tavze cecxlis danteba; Tavze civi wylis gadmosxma;Tavze wneli mouCiret; Tavze joxis gadamtvreva; Tavi ara maqvs;Tavi bolos ar ebmis da bolo _ Tavsa; Tavi gauxmia; Tavi davikvra;Tavi dagirCet; Tavi marilis danayva; TaviT fexebamdis; Tavi moaqvs;Tavi moikla; Tavi momaWama xvewniT; Tavis agdeba; Tavisa da fexebismoWma; Tavi sanexveze kiar mipovnia; Tavis mobma saqmisaTvis; Tavisgamodeba; Tavis gamoyofa; Tavis gamsubuqeba; Tavis gatana bolomde;Tavis gaqneva; Tavis gacxeleba; Tavis gzaze wasvla; Tavis gulSiTqma; Tavis dakvra mZimed; Tavis dasxlea; Tavis daqneva; TavisTxovna; Tavis mobma; Tavis maRla auRebloba; Tavis migdeba saqmeze;Tavis mosafxani dro ar maqvs; Tavis texa; Tavis sacimbirodgaxdoma; Tavis ubeduri; Tavis qerqSi dadgoma; Tavis CrdilisaeSenia; Tavis cecxlis Seketeba; Tavis Cakideba; Tavis Cveneba; TavisCaRunva; Tavis wageba; Tavis wamotkena; Tavis waReba; Tavi Cemi me173

maxlavs; Tavic iqa mqonia da fexebic; Tavnabuaras gadidens; Tavpiris gleja; Tav-piri Camostiris; Tav-pirs vakawiT; Tavs asvla; avsgasvla; Tavs davla; Tavs mogeba; Tavs mosvla; Tavs moyvana; TavsSemomafrinda; Tav qaji Semiyara; Tav qve dakidebuli; TavSi asvlaRvinisa; TavSi gaweva; TavSi dakruli; TavSi uqris; TavSi qva ixaleda mucelSi samartebeli; TavSi Cakvra; TavSi Cacxeba; TavSiCartymuli; TavSi cema; TavSi waSena; Tqvenma Tavma qva gkraT;lekebic dagsxmian Tavzeda; mexi ki dagayare Tavze; mwvane kitrivitTavi moaqvs; nafuzars Tavi ar CamomiWrano! naxSiri ar damiwvia dakalo ar galewila Cems Tavze; ra askiliviT Tavs iqnev! ra Tavimogaqvs niaxuris foCiviTa; kefaze wveni ar damasxa; Tavs idebs(rames) (ikisrebs) Tavs iklavs; Tavs itexs; Tavs iyoliebs; Tavskedels axlis; Tavs mogeba; Tavs retis dasxma; Tavs Semovleba;TavSi avardna; TavSi amxanagi uzis (nasvamia, mTvralia) TavSi mzeuyria; TavSi garbena; TavSi dakruli; TavSi dartymuli; TavSidascecxla; tavSi icems; avSi mouvida (rame) tavSi uqris; tavSi qvauxlia; Tavwylis gadena; qva aagdo da Tavi SeuSvira; qudi xuravsTavze! Zecas miaWira Tavi; ra TavSi ixlis! autkivari Tavisatkiveba; agiRia Tavi; bansa da erdos Tavze davaqcev; Tavbediswyevla; buzebis Tavze daxveva; gaberva Tavisa; gareT Tavi vergamouyvia! dagesxa Tavs lafi! Dakideba Tavisa; damdableba Tavisa;dedis kaltaSi Tavis deba; erTi Tavi maqvs; erTi kevri armotrialebula Cems Tavze; erTi wisqvilis borbali ardatrialebula Cems Tavze; vai ara aqvs Cems Tavs; vaJkacobaze Tavsasdebs; viris Tav-fexi; Tavs wasvla; Tavgadakluli eZebda;Tavgamobmuli saqme; Tavze balanis aSla; Tavze balba davade; davzebayias matexs; Tavze daqceva banisa; Tavze dayra; davze daxurvacisa; Tavs zeviT Zala ara maqvs; ra nafuzris Tavebs CamiWri;Tvaliam Tvals ar enaxeba; Tvalze xelis afareba; Tvalebi dauyena; Tvalebidancecxlis yra; TvalebiT Wams; Tvalebis axveva; abma; Tvalebis axela;Tvalebis gaxela; Tvalebis gulSi Cabruneba; Tvalebis dabrmaveba;Tvalebis darCena (vinmeze, rameze) TvalebSi aqvs Wkua; TvalebSi mtvrisSeyra; TvalebSi nacris miyra; TvalTan TiTs ver miitan; Tvali daadga(vinmes, rames) Tvali daudga; Tvali uWiravs (vinmeze, rameze) Tvalidanbewvis gamocla; Tvalis gadavleba; Tvalis daxamxamebaze; an TvalisdaxamxamebaSi; Tvalis daxuWva (rameze) Tvalis devneba: Tvali TvalSigayra; Tvalis motyueba; Tvalis moWra; Tvalis sinaTle; Tvalis Cini;Tvals ar axamxamebs; Tvals wyali daalevina; Tvalsa d axels Sua; Tvalyurisdevneba; TvalSi amoReba; TvalSi mosvla (TvalSi mouvida) TvalSieklad uzis (vinme, rame) TvalSi eCxireba; TvalSi eca (rame); Tval windaudga; Tvalwin exateba; Tvalwin warmoudga; cecxls akvesebsTvalebidan; qveynis Tvali; eSmaks Tvali ar uCans; kargi TvaliT uyurebs;cud Tvalze dainaxa; cudi Tvali daadga; cudi TvaliT uyurebs; aviTvaliT yureba; av Tvals ar Seexedeba; asi Tvali uyurebs; gadaRamebaTvalisa da gulisa; gvelis Tvali; gzisaken Tvalebi damawyda; damidgesTvalebi; dedav da Tvalo! vui Cems Tvalebsa; TeTri TvaliT gaTenebaRamisa; Tval-gulis misvla; Tvalebze libri aqvs gadakruli; Tvalebze174

misakravi cali fulic ar mabadia; Tvalebis amoRameba; Tvalebisgasworeba; Tvalebis dabrmaveba; Tvalebis daTxra; Tvalebis mikereba;Tvalebis daxuWvineba; Tvalebi ubrmavdeba; Tvalebi Camomiwyalda;Tvalebi Cvenken swydebaT; Tvalebs ar vujereb; TvalebSi Semyure;Tvalze cremlis SeSroba; Tvali gasWris; Tvali da xelia; TvalierTmaneTze Sorsa gvqonda; Tvali zed Cvenze rCeboda; mzes raRa TvaliTSexedos; natvris Tvali; nura Tvalma nu naxos; ori Tvali oTxad undakacs; ra Tvalze naxa? Rogorc Tavis or Tvalsa, ise gagifrTxildeba;sxvaTa TvalqveS Seyureba; sxva TvaliT yureba; ukeTesi kacis Tvals arenaxeba; Tvali daadga (vinmes, rames) qveynis gaRma mayurebeli Tvalebi;Cemis TvaliTa vnaxe; CafurTxeba TvalSi; Cvens TvelSi; cali TvaliTacinebs da caliT atirebs; cali Tvali uWiravs; calis Tvalic cqera;cecxlis TvalSi gatareba; cxra Tvali unda gqondes da cxra yuri;Zilma Tvalebi mompara; Wamaze Wera Tvalebisa; xaxviT mosresa Tvalebisa;Tvali Tvalis wil, kbili kbilisa wil; Tvali icis; Tvali matyuebs;Tvalisa da gulis Tan gayola; Tvalisa da ybis dadgma; Tvalis arideba;Tvali sawyens melodeba; Tvali aWreleba; Tvalis gabneva; Tvalisgadavleba; Tvalis gamarTva; Tvalis gamoTxra; Tvalis gasworeba;Tvalis gaWra; Tvalis dayeneba (visTvisme) Tvalis dataneba; Tvalisdataneba; Tvalis damyenebeli; Tvalis daWera; Tvalis daxamxamebaze;Tvalis devneba; Tvalis ekali; Tvalis TamaSi; Tvalis kvra; TvalismoTxra; Tvalis mokvra; Tvalis mokideba; Tvalis motaceba; Tvalismousxleteloba; Tvalis mouSorebloba; Tvalis mouxuWveloba; valismoSoreba; Tvalis ver mowyveta; Tvalis moxuWva; valis yofa = TvalisCakvra; Tvalis Sevardna; Tvalis Seswreba; Tvalis Cabruneba; Tvalityveqmnili; Tvali uWris; Tvali Savi gaqvs; Tvalis Senken da ori xelic;Tvali waugorda; valebiT sja; Tval-yuris Wera; TvalSi amoReba; TvalSigaCxirva; TvalSi Tvalis gyra; TvalSi maklia; TvalSi mosvla; TvalSirom CavardnodaT xels ar amoisvamdnen; TvalSi Cauvarda; TvalSi jdoma;Tval-warbSi yureba; kargad uxelia Tvalebi; kacis Tvali imas ukeTessvera naxavs; kacis Tvalis gauZRomloba yurebiT; mglis Tvalze naxva;meti Tvali da yuri dagviSlis; mzisTvis Sedgoma Tvalisa; momeci Tvalida mayurebine; mtris Tvals ar enaxveba; mtrisTvis Tvalis dayeneba;muStris TvaliT mzera; mWreli TvaliT mzera; wyalobis TvaliTgadmoxedva;TiTiTiTebSi gaZvrena (visime, risime) TiTze daJdeva (risame) Tize daxveva(risame) TiTze gkbena; TiTze kbenani; TiTiT saCvenebeli; TiTis daweba;TiTis mokakva; TiTis daqneva; aRuu, nekze ar mikbino! erTi neki ZafimmarTebs; TiTebis Cakvneta saWmelSi; TiTebs Sua gasxltoma; TiTzegadasaxvevi; TiTze ar mikbinos; TiTiT xvewna; TiTis gaunZrevloba; TiTisfrCxilad ara Rirxar; kvnesis Wama cerze; nekze kbena; nekis dakaeba; raTiTiT saflavs gamiTxri; frCxili ar wamostkivebia; frCxilis odena;frCxilis sakvetis aReba; frCxilis sakvetis ar qona; Cemi xuTi TiTiviTvici; cerad wasvla; cerad hbedavda; xuTi TiTi sanTeli SeanTebs iqanTebuli; xuT TiT sanTlad danTeba visTvisme:175

TmebiTmebis yalyze dadgoma; TmagaSlili jdoma; TmaTa gleja; TmaSi TeTrigamogveria; TmaSi WaRara gamogveria; Tmis wewa; koWebamdis cema Tmisa;SeTrTviluli Tma; SenTvis TmagaSliladamc davmjdarvar;kanikanSi aRar eteva; tyavSi aRar eteva; tyavi gaWima;tyavis gaZroba; tyavixorcze maskdeba; yavsa da xorcs Sua trialebs; tyav-tyav eWideba saqmes;kbili|kbilebikbilis gasinjva; kbilis Casoba; kbilis dadgma; kbilis matli; kbilismokveTa; kbilis moWra; kbilebi ukawkawebs; kbilebs ilesavs (vinmeze,rameze) kbilebs imtvrevs; kbilebSi ofli adina; kbilTa RreWa; kbilTaRrWena; kbilebSi gascra; gacveTili kbili; TeTri kbilis Cveneba; kaianikbilebi; kbilebis dakreWa; kbilebis kraWuni; kbilebis Camtvreva; kbilebsamogaZrob; kbilebs iyrevinebs; kbilebSi gaujda; kbilis dakarebarazedme; kbilis motexva; kbilis Cakideba; kbili uWriT; kbilnakreWadyofna; kbils kbilze aceminebs; kbil qveS Tqma; kbil qveS motana (visime)ra kbilebsa hyri; ukbilo xumroba; ukbilo beberi; ukbilod SeWma dauxelod damtvreva; Seni kbilebiT Seni Svilebi dagaWamo; Cemi kbiliskaci; Cems imedebs kbili moeWra; cecxli gaSala kbilebidan; ZuZuebze(qalisa) kbilis dadgma;kiserikiserze dawola (visime, risame) kiserze dajdoma; kiserze moxveva (risame)kiserze Sejdoma; kiserze Camokideba; kiseri miuSvira (rames); kisericmoutexia; kisrad aReba; deba; kisris mogrexa; kisris modreka; kisrismotexa; kisris moWra; kisris moxra; kinCxi da kiseri utexia; kiserzedadeba valad; kiserze damaWdie; kiserze yofna; kiseri gausqelda; kiserimoswyda; kiseri SeuSvira; kisris mofxana; kisris moqeqva; kisrismtvreviT; kisris texviT; Senis kisridan amovuReb; Seni xmali – Cemikiseri! Senma kiserma zRos; codvis aReba kiserzed; Zilma kiseri mostexa;wauSvira kiseri uRels; wvima kiserSi Cagvdioda;kuWikuWis amovseba; kuWis mofxana; kuWis SeWknoba; kuWi ucxveba SimSiliT;kuWi uxmeba SimSiliT; kuWi ewvis SimSiliT; arc kuWsa xvdes arc sulsa;mSier kuWze;mklavi|mklavebimklavi miWris; mklavis ganmtkiceba; mklavis modevneba; mklavzevkidivarT; mklavebidan movwydi;176

mucelimucelze xoxva; muclis gvrema; amoyorva muclisa; dedis muclidangamoyola; muceli ar SegvrCa; muceli valalas mayris; muceli TavSimcems; muceli ori xeliT gveWira; mucels boZi SevuyenoT; mucelsgadayola; mucels deda-boZi mivceT; mucels Castiris; muclebis CamocmaTavze; muclis gaRmerTeba; muclis dardi; ra alazani CagivardamucelSi? Qva Cagivardes mucelSi; Sens mucelSi qorwilia, Cems mucelSi– niSnobac ara; wavida is dro, roca muceli ukbilod fafasa sWamda;muxlebimuxlebi aRar merCis; muxlebi mekeceba; muxlebSi qaris amoReba; muxlebSiCavardna; muxlebSi Cawydoma; muxlebSi Caxveva; muxlebSi Zabunis CaRvra;muxlebSi wylis Cadgoma; muxlze kocna; muxlze moxveva; muxlze xelisdakvra; muxli da mklavi aRar momdevs; muxli momdevs; muxlis modreka;muxlis mokveTa; muxlis moyra; muxlis ZarRvebis cvena; muxlis Zirsjdoma; muxlmodrekili Txovna; muxlSi qaris Cajdoma; muxlebis moWra;kalTaze gamobma; kalTaze dabRauWeba; kalTaze dakideba; kalTazedaWideba; kalTaze mokideba; kalTas Semoxizneba; kalTaSi gamozrda;kalTaSi CaZineba; kalTebis akrefa; kalTidan gadayra; kalTiT micema;kalTiT micema; kalTis tareba; kalTis gadafareba; kalTis dabertyva;kalTis dagleja; kalTis mibertyva; mglis muxlis mobma;mxrebimxari mxars misces; mxari uqcia; mxaris aqceva; mxaris daWera; mxarSiamodgoma; mxaris micema; mxars umSvenebs; mxars usworebs; mxar-TeZozewamowola; mxar-TeZozed Zili; mxaris moqceva; mxari sawyinas meubneba;mxaris gadabma; mxaris gasworeba; mxaris mobma; mxaris motexa; mxarismowyveta; mxarSi amoyeneba; mxrebis Camoyra;naRvelimware naRvelis gadasxma; naRvelis gasiveba; naRveli aeSala; naRveliawevs; naRveli moeria; naRvlis dalevineba; naRvelas dasxma enaze;naRvelas daqceva; naRvelas Cawurva gulSi; naRvelis Wama; naRvelmadaigdo; naRvel-Wiris gadayra; naRverdalze wola; naRvelis gaweva; jaminaRveli;nawlavebinawlavebi damexvewa; nawlavebi nawlavebze xom ar gibiaTo? nawlavebiuCans; nawlavebi Civian; nawlavebSi dawydoma;nervebinervebze TamaSobs; nervebze mSlis; rkinis nervebi; nervebis omi; nervuliSeteva (gacofeba)177

piripiridan Tafli gadmosdis; pirze akeria (vinme, rame) pirze boqlomisdadeba; pirze klitis dadeba; pirze rZe ar SeSrobia; pirze cecxliswakideba; piri ar dagwvas! piri mihyo; piri wyliT aqvs saves; piridanlukmis gamocla; piridan Saqari amosdis; piridan cecxls yris; piridancofebs yris; piris akvra; piris gatexa; p[iris gaSaveba; piris gaxsna;piris gemo; piris morideba; piris moSveba; piris qaris gaSla; pirismoketva; piris Sekvra; piris SeCveva; piris wyali; piris wylis gaSroba;pirs iwvavs; pirs kata eca; pirqve damxoba (visime, risame) pirSi burTisCaCra; pirSi dadgoma; pirSi kapis amodeba; pirSi lagamis amodeba; pirSimifurTxeba; pirSi micema (visime); pirSi mixla; pirSi suli udgia; pirSisulis amoZroba; pirSi Cavardna (visime) pirSi Calagamovlebuli; pirSiwardgoma; pirSi wylis dagubeba; erT pirze dgoma; dana pirs ar uxsnis;Sens pirs Saqari; Sens pirs nacari; cecxl yris piridan; sityvis pirzeSeSroba; miwam uyo piri; miwis piridan aRgva; myrala amosdis piridan;aRviris amodeba pirSi; gaerTpireba; dana kriWas ar uxsnis; eSmaks piriar uCans; kriWis Sekvra; kriWaSi Cadgoma; kriWis gaxsna; miwasTan pirisgaerTeba; miwis mier piris dayofa; pirze daudgromeli; pirze kocna;pirze muri Camoisva; pirze murCamosmuli; pirze xelis afareba; pirzexelis dafareba; pirze tyavis aZroba; pirianad yidva; piri ar aCvena; piriar meReba; piri gamoirecxe; piridan amoSveba; piridan dorblebis yra;piridan lukmas iRebda da sxvas aWmevda; piridan lukmis gamogleja;gamocla; warTmeva; piridan naperwklebis yra; piri dauobdeba siCumiT;piri da xeli imisaken; piri ver aqnevines Cvenken; piri ibriuna; piriimqveynisken aqvs mibrunebuli; piri miatexa mTelma qveyanam; piri momtexa;piri mtrisaken; piri nu dagiRia; piris akanva; piris arTmeva; piris aReba;piris bruneba; piris gasveleba; piris gatexa; piris gaxeva; pirisdakvrevineba; piris dapireba; piris daskvna; piris datoveba; piris daReba;piris dayofineba; piris dawyoba; piris erTad bana; piris ziareba; pirisTxovna; piris komlis gawyveta; piris mikareba; piris micema; pirismorideba; piris motyueba; piris moSla; piris mowmenda; piris moWera;piris moxsna; piris qarad ar eyofa; piris qaris gaSla; piris qmna(viskenme an saiTkenme); piris qceva; piris Senaxva; piris Sercxvena; pirisCatkbaruneba; piri-WiSkari aqvs (mavans); pirs gadasvla; pirs vermoswmends; pirkata meca; pirs nu icden; pirs ukan waiRebs; pirqvedasamarxavo; pirSi alis qari Cauvarda; pirSi ar CaiSveba; pirSi buziCagiZvra; pirSi gemo hqonia; pirSi ena aRara aqvs; pirSi TiTgamovlebuli;pirSi Tqma; pirSi lukmas miTvlis; pirSi mTqmeli; pirSi nawili arCamsvlia; pirSi nerwyvi mosdioda; pirSi swvda; pirSi tyvia CaiduRa;pirSi uvardeba (visme); pirSi unda Caudo: pirSi yureba; pirSi Sebma;pirSi Semomcqeris; pirSi Cagdeba; pirSi Cadnoba; pirSi Calis gamovleba;pirSi CafurTxeba; pirSi wayeneba; pirwavardnili mama! pirwyali mouvidandomiT; ra piriT geCveno; uSveris piriT xseneba; piri Camostiris; fafisgamoReba piridan; uCumris piriT muSaobs; cremliT bana pirisa; qveyanaspirs ver gaukerav; xalxSi gamosasvleli piri aRar maqvs; xemsi arCasvlia pirSi; Sens pirSiac nu Cavvarde; Sens pirSi mteric Cavardnila;Cemis piriTa Cems nawlavebsa vglejav; Cemi Zma xar, Cemi piris ziareba;calpirad naqsovi kaci; calpiri moixsna; cam piri Seikra; xavsismokideba pirze;178

saxesaxeze almuris asvla; saxeze Rrublis gadafareba; saxis moRuSva; zeTiCamosdis saxeze; saxe Camostiris; saxeze gadahfenia; saxe uRimis; saxeucinis; morRveuli saxe; moRrubluli saxe;sisxlisisxli swyuria; sisxli uduRs; ukanasknel sisxlis wveTamde; sisxlisamRveva; sisxlis aReba; sisxlis aCqroleba; sisxlis gamowova; sisxlisgaSroba; sisxlis daleva (visime); sisxlis TavSi avardna; sisxlismowola; sisxlis tvinSi avardna; sisxlis yelSi mosvla; sisxlis yelSimowola; sisxlis Camogdeba; sisxlSi CaxrCoba; sisxlSi xelis gasvra;sisxl-xorcSi gajdoma (risame); dana rom daartya sisxli ar gamouva;mamasisxlad gayidva; sisxlis alazani; wminda sisxlis; xanjali romdamcen wveTi sisxli ar gamvardeba; xmlis ganbana mtris sisxliT; xmlisCaJangeba visime sisxliT; sisxlis yivili; sisxli Tavisas izams; sisxlismsmeli;sulierTi suli aqvs; suli ganuteva; suli da guli (visime, risame); suli verdabera; suli kbiliT uWiravs; suli misdis; suli udgia; suliukawkawebs; suliT dacema; suliT xorcamde gacla; sulis amoTqma; sulisamorTmeva; sul;is amoZroba; suli amoxda; sulis amRvreva;sulisgavardna; sulis gakmenda; sulis ganabva; sulis gatvrena; sulisgafrTxoba; sulis gacxeba; sulis daberva; sulis damZimeba; sulismibareba; sulis mobruneba; sulis moTqma; sulis moparva; sulissiRrmeSi Cawvdoma; sulis swori; suylis yelSi mobrjena; sulisSTaberva; sulis Cadgma; sulis wasvla; sulma wasZlia; suls ebrZvis;suls uxuTavs; suls Rafavs; sulSi CaZvrena; sul-xorcisagan gacla;eSmaks suli mihyida; miabara suli ufals; muWSi suli Caubera; dRissuliT keTeba; Tqveni suli Cems xelSia; gmlis sulis modena; namcecobasulisa da gulisa; ra ginda sulo da gulo; ra mkvdris suliviTSemomtrialeb! sanam suli midgas; sulze dadgoma; sulis saqmeze dagoma;sulis deba; sulzed Tqma; sulze migdeba; sulzed Sevardna; Segdeba;sulze miswreba; sulTa amoxdena; sulTa brZola; sulTa gayra; sulTagandacla; sulTa mdgmeli; sulTamde xels mawvdis; sulamde momdevs; suliburdoSi gaxvia; suli gamvardes; suliT daleva; suliT xorcamdegayidva Tavisa; suliT xorcamde daRupva; suli ikra; suli ica; sulimoidga; su;li moipara; sulimwared molodili; sulisagan dacla; sulisada gulis daketva; sulis amorTmeva; sulis amosvla; sulis ardaWera;sulis gacvena; sulis dagiraveba; sulis dazigva visTvisme; sulisdaleva; sulis daReba; sulis dawva; sulis dgma; sulis mitaneba; sulismicema; sulis moqceva; sulis mteri; sulis Reba; sulis cvena SiSi;sulis cxoneba; sulis wamRebeli; sulis waReba; sulis xuTva; sulitkbilia; suli mwarea; sulis fexis frCxilebSi gaepara; suli yelSimebjineba; suli yelSi mosuli maqvs; suli yelSi Camatana; suli yelSiuzis; suli Zirs ar dahyveba; suli xocSi aRar eteva; suls ar iSurebs179

visTvisme; suls aqeT ara abadia ra; suls gadadgoma; suls ver waviwymed;sulSi Cakvra (visime) sulSi CasaZvreni; sulisa da xorcis gayra;uerTmaneTod sulis dauberaoba; usulod deba; RvinoSi suli amosdis;SenTvis suli ara mSurs; Seni sulisa; Sen ici da Senma sulma; Senmasulma zRos; Cemis sulis cxonebaSi;tanitanSi Jruantelis davla; tanze eklis asxma; tan-iogSi daSla;tanisamosianad giJia; tanis ayra;tvinitvini aqvs naRrZobi; tvinis aduReba; vinis amorTmeva; tvinis amowova;tvinis areva; tvinis gamolayeba; tvinis waReba; viris tvinis Wmeva; tvinisdarxeva saqmeSi;tuCituCebze dedis rZe ar SeSrobia; tuCebis abzueba; tuCebis apruwva;tuCebis mokumva; sityvis tuCze Seyinva; dedis xseni ar SeSrobia tuCebze;[litrisaTvis tuCis motexva; tuCebze dakvdoma sityvebisa; tuCebze TiTisdafareba; tuCzed kbena; tuCis akvra; tuCis abzukva; xonTqarmac ki tuCebiilokos;ulvaSi/wveriulvaSebis moparsva; fui Sens ulvaSs; es ulvaSi ara mqondes; es ulvaSiara msxmia; es ulvaSi momparseT Tu...; es ulvaSi ZaRlisa iyos; ulvaSebSisicili; ulvaSze buzi aecmeba; ulvaSze xelis gadasma; ulvaSi aramqondes zed; ulvaSi mrude maqvso; ulvaSi nu msxia; ulvaSis aweva;ulvaSic imaT esxaT da namusis qudic imaT exuraT; ulvaSSi CafurTxeba;wverTa gleja; wveris dayeneba; wveric nu msxmia ybazeda;fexiqristes fexis mkvneteli; fexebi ukan rCeba; fexebze hkidia; fexebisgafSeka, fexebis gaWimva; fexebSi eblandeba; fexze dadgoma; fexzedayeneba; fexze wamodgoma; fexze wamoyeneba; fexTa mtveri; fexi daaWira;fexi waitexa; fexis adgma; fexis aTreva; fexis alagi; fexis alokva;fexis amokveTa saidanme; fexis gadabruneba; fexis gadgma; fexis gabijeba;fexis modgma; fexis mokideba; fexis momagreba; fexis mocvla; fexisnaterfali; fexis waborZikeba; fexis wasxleta; fexis xmas ahyva; fexqveSgageba; fexqveS fiandazad gageba; erTi fexi samareSi udgas; eSmakis fexi;marcxena fexze amdgara; miwaze fexs ar adgams; miwaze fexs ar akarebs;mokle fexebi aqvs(rames); wixlis daWera; abelas fexebze Sedgoma; abelasfexebis gakeTeba; am Cem fexze; fexebze mkidia; bedze fexis daWireba;bednieri fexi; davkraT fexi; erTi fexiT movuswar; erTi fexiT win; erTifexis gadadgma; eSmakis fexebi; eSmakis fexis momWreli; viris fexebi;180

TxebiT terfamde; saqoCridan koWebamde; kai fexis kaci; koWebSi etyoba;koWze duRili; kudze fexi ar damadga; maCvis fexo; maxeSi gayofafexebisa; mkvdarsac ki fexebs gaaqnevinebs; namtyuarSi fexis dgma; orisfexis gadadgmaze; pur-marilze fexis dadgma; pur-RvinisaTvis fexidamidga; ra fexze hini dailevi? Samarisaken fexis gaSvera; sufrazefexis dadgma; fafaSi ra fexi Cagikar; fexad; fexakrafiT siaruli; fexda-fexdevna; fex-da-fex miyola; fexebi mqava; fexebi avibertye; fexebiaRar mercies; fexidan mocveTili; fexebiT dakideba; fexebiT win gasulimenaxo am saxlidan; fexebis dakocvna; fexebis daWimva; fexebis lokva;fexebis moWma; fexebis Cadreka; fexebs Zlivs daaTrevs; fexebqveS miwismTxreli; fexebSi Cavardna; fexzed ar dayeneba; fexzed aRar idgasixarulisagan; fexze vaWroba; fexze vera dgeba; fexze inis dadeba;fexze muguzali momado; fexze ra bawari gamogibams? Fexiani, Toremufexo sad wagiva! fexi daadga(vinmem visme); fexi viTrie; fexiT gaTelva;fexiT gaqelva; fexisa da xelis gawvdena; fexis amokveTa; fexis areva;fexis aqceva; fexis aCqareba; fexis bruneba; fexis gadadgma; fexisgamodeba; fexis gaqneva; fexis gayofa; fexis gulebis dakocvna; fexisdakvra; fexis dacdena; fexis erTad gadadgma; fexis miwvdena; fexismosakidebeli; fexis mosxltoma; fexis motexa; fexis moucvleloba; fexismtveris lokva; fexis Semodgma; fexis Cakrefa; fexis miwydoma; fexiswamokvra; fexis watexva; fexis xmis miwvdoma; fexi ukan rCeba; fexi ukanudgeba; fexmokrefili jdoma; fexqveSidan miwis(niadagis) gamocla;fexqveS modeba; fexSiSvela cecxlSi Cadgoma; Robeze fexi ar daadga;Seni fexi aq aRar iyos; Seni fexi damkar TavSi; Senis fexebis mbaneliviqnebi; Cems fexebs; cali fexi samareSi midgia; cal fexze dgaxar; calfexze xtunva; cxvari hyavs fexze gamobmuli; ZaRlis fexi gamoiba;ZaRlis fexis momWmeli; win fexis gadabijeba; wixlis dacema; wixliskvra; wixlqveS gagdeba; WianWvelasac ki fexs aridebs; WianWvelas fexsar daadgams; Wiasac ar daadgams fexs; Wiqis fexi Seedga;qusliaqilevsis qusli; qusldaxeTqili glexi; quslebidan mocveTili; quslebiukan rCebaT;ybaybad aRebad (visme); ybaSi Cavardna (visime); ybis dadgma; cali ybiT; oriveybiT Wama; qveynis yba; qveynis ybadasaRebi; qveynis ybad aReba; qveynis ybaSiCavardna; ybazed wveri ar asxia; ybasa da pirSi gaigdes; yba ybaSi gasdis;ybebis amogdebineba; ybebis Camocvena; ybis daReba; ybis moqneva; ZaRlisyba aqvs gamobmuli; xalxis ubaSi Cavardna;yeliyelze daadgeba; yeli uSova; yelis gamoWra; yelis gaSroba; yels uwevs;yelSi amouvida(rame); yelSi gvalvis Cadgoma; yelSi danis daWera; danayelTan aqvs mibjenili; amaze meti aRara Cavida yelSi; bawris Sebmayelze; Tofis waWera yelSi; karg yelSi yofna; sabeli yelisa; sabliswverebi yelSi eWireba; udanod yelis gamoWra; fxasaviT yelze dadgoma;181

qvus Sebma yelze; yelamdis gaZRola; yelamdis valSi yofna; yelamdisvalSi Cafloba; yelamdis valSi Cadgoma; yelamdis moyra; yelamdismoyrilni; yelamdis oqroSi jdoma; yelamdis savseni; yelamdis fulisgavseba; yelgamoweviT xvewna; yelze Toki abia; yelze wnelis mobma;yelTamde avsili; yelTamde gavseba; yelidan amosdis; yelis gadagdeba;yelis gamoweva; yelis motexa; yelis moRereba; yelis Casveleba; yelisWramuSaoba; yelmotexiT Txovna; yelSi amohyiWiWinebs; yelSi ar daadgeba;yelSi ar Cadis; yelSi bawris moWera; yelSi danis gayra; yelSi waWera;yelSi wvda; yelis Cawmenda; yelSi mowola; yelSi gaCxera;yuriyurad iRo; yurebze xaxvi ar daaWras! yurebis acqveta; yurebidan bambisgamoReba; yurebis gamobertyva; yurebis gamoCiCqna; yurebis dacqveta;yurebis gamoWedva; yurebis Camoyra; yurebis waReba; yurebSi bambisdacoba; yurebSi TiTis dacoba; yuri ar aTxova; yuriT moTreuli; yuris(da)gdeba; yuris Txoveba; yuris mokvra; yuric ar gaapartyuna;yurmoWrili mona, yma; yursac ar ibertyavs; yurSi CawveTeba(risame); erTyurSi SeuSva da meoridan gauSva; devi yuriT ar dauWeria; keTilisyuriT gaigone; leCaqis yurze gamobma; mahmadis mtrediviT yurSi CamZaxis;mglis yuris gamobma; mebaRis yurebi moisxa; meezuris yurebi moisxa; nugaigoneb yuro da nu gamoityvi enav; yurad misvla; yurTamde gaRebakarebisa; yurebidan bambis gamoZroba; yurebis aweva; yurebs ar ujerebda;yurebis dasresa; yurebis daWra; yurebSi gaujda; yurebSi TiTebdasacobisaqme; yurebSi mZimed misvla; yurze Zili; yurze xelis mokideba; yurTagleja; yurTasmena aRar aris; yurTasmenis damZimeba; yurTasmenis wamRebiyvirili; yuri gaexvrita; yuri iyo da Tvali; yuri matyuebs; yurisTvisyuris mibma isriT; yuris aSoreba; yuris gapantureba; yuris gapartyuneba;yuris mipyroba; yuris moyruveba; yuris moweva; yuris moxerxva; yurisSebertyva; yuris wagdeba; yuri Seaxure; yurs Camoswia; yurs ukan; yurSiTqma; yurSi midgas; yurSi SeSveba; yurSi CaZaxeba; yurSi wyali Camasxa;yurSi xelis mokideba; Cem yurebamde movida; Ciqilis yurze gamobmulivaJkaci; calyuriT Zili; codvili yuri; xuT yurze axlo arian;SubliSublis gaxsna; Sublis Sekvra; Sublze mammal buzsac ar isvams; daTvisSubli, kopebis Sekvra; Sublze aravin akocebs; Sublze aweria; SublzeTiTis mikvra; Sublze xelis gadasma; Sublze xelis Semokvra; SublisgaSla; Sublis Sexra; Sublma Rrubeli daisva;cremlebicremla; cremlad daRvra; cremliani mkvdari; cremliT bana pirisa;cremli moeria; cremlis mowmenda; cremlis gadayra; cremlis daRvra;cremlis SeSroba; cremli Camorecxs; cxare cremliT tirili; xviTqiscremlebi; jojoxeTis cremli; niangis cremlebi;182

cxviricxviridan Zmari adina; cxviris aweva; cxviris CamoSveba; cxvirSi ZmariCaawura; cxir-piri gauerTiana; cxvir-piris mtvreva; cxviris abzueba; avcxvirs ar dascems; mona ar dagcems cxvirsao; murCamosmuli cxvirze;sayvedurebiT cxviris gaxveta; cas cxviris wveriT vekide; cxvirzedaWdeva; cxvirze kevi daide; cxvirzeviT acileba; cxvirzeviT acdena;cxviriT wyals ar davlev; cxviriT xvna miwisa; cxviris akvra; cxvirisafSeka; cxviri sacxvires nuRara mbia, Tu... cxviris moWra; cxviriswayofineba; cxvir-piri Camostiris; cxvir-piris CamoSveba; cxvirSiamokvra; cxvirSi dogma visTanve; cxvirSi moxvedreba; cxvir win; Zmarsmawurebs cxvirSi; cxviris Cayofa sxvis saaqmeebSi;wamwami/warbiwamwamze uzis (vinme); wamwamis danayva; warbebis moxra; warbebis gasna;warbebis Sekvra; warbic ar gaanZria; warbic ar Seixara; warbis gaSla;warbis TamaSi; warbis Seuxreloba; warbis Sexra; warbSi Semomcqeris;weliwelebze fexs idgams; welebi exlarTeba; welis momagreba; welismowyveta; welSi gamarTva; welSi gasworeba; welSi gatexa; welSigawyveta; welgauSleli muSaoba; welzed xmali artyia; welze xmlisSemortymevineba; welze xmlis bma; weli gawydomazea; welis aTrevineba;welis atana; welis aReba; welis gamagreba; welis modevneba; welisSertyva; welSi aweva; welSi gamagreba; welSi gatexili; welSi gaRunva;welSi gaSla; welSi gawydoma; welSi mokakva; welSi moxra; welSi oTxadmokakulia; welSi wamoweulia; weli wamoidga;Wkua/gonebaWkuaSi dajdoma (risame); WkuaSi mosvla(risame) Wkuis danayva; Wkuisdafqva; Wkuis kolofi; Wkuis WaReba; gonebis amRveva; gonebis dakargva;Wkuis dakargva; gons mogeba; gons mosvla; gunebaSi gavleba (risame)gunebaSi dajdoma (risame) gunebaSi mosvla(risame, visame) gunebisganaTleba; gonebis mruSoba; gonebis qrola; damjdari Wkua; moxvedi CemsWkuaze? Mxiaruli Wkuisa; ra Wkua aqvs; ra Wkua dauSlis? Seni wona WkuaneknSi maqvs; Seni Wkuisagan arc ki gamikvirdeba; WkuaSi Cavardna; WkvisamWris; Wkvis momka; Wkvis momxvda; Wkvis wasvla; Wkua ar ekiTxeba;Wkuaaafrine; Wkuazed Txlad yofna; WkvasTan axloa; Wkuasgaswavlio!@Wkuas davuxme; WkuasTan mwyraladaa; Wkuas rom arigebdnen,Sen maSin sad iyavi?; Wkuas Semowyroma; Wkuas Zalas atans; Wkua uWris;WkuaSi mosvla; WkuaSi mosasvleli; WkuaSi Caxdoma; Wkuisa momxvda; Wkuisgamoleva; Wkuis glaxa; Wkuis moparva; Wkuis mteri; Wkuis patroni; Wkuisswavleba;183

xaxaxaxamSrali datoveba; xaxis dalboba;xelixelebi eqaveba; xelebis likva; sxvisi xeliT naris gleja; xel;-fexisSekvra; xelebSi uyurebs (visme) xelze daxveva (risame) xelze daxveva(visame) xelT igdo; xeli ara aqvs (vinmesTan, ramesTan) xeli gamohkra(rames) xeli mihyo (rames) xeli Seawia (vinmes); xeli xels misces;xelidan gamocla (visime, risame) xelidan wasvla: xelidan wasuli: xelisaReba (vinmeze, rameze) xelis aSveba; xelis gamarTva; xelis gamoReba;xelis gamowodeba; xelis ganZreva; xelis gasvra; xelis Sewyoba; xelisgulze gagoreba; xelis gulze dasma; xelis gulze tareba; xelis gulismopoxva; xelis dabana; xelis dadeba; xelis damSveneba; xelis dareva;xelis dafareba; xelis micema; xelis moTaveba; xelis moTboba; xelismokideba (risme) xelis mokleba; xelis momarTva; xelis monacvleba;xelis mocarva; xelis mowyoba; xelis SeSveba; xelis SeSla; xelisCqaqneva; xels ar aZlevs; xels ar daaklebs; xels ar daiwvavs; xels armiscems; xel-fexis gaxsna; xel-fexis SeboWva; xelSi daCera; xelSimogdeba (Cagdeba); xelSi ukvdeba (visme) xelSi Seikla (vinme) xelSiCavardna; xelis moesveba; visime marjvena xeli; marjvenis moWra; ra xeliaqvs; artaxSi mibia xeli; baric xelSi aqvs da niCabica; bebias xelidaukravs! boloze moWideba xelisa; burTi xelTa gvaqvs! Gasavsavebaxelebisa; zed xeli Camoiwmindes; Zmuri xeli; Tavis xeliT yelisgamoWra; Tavis xeliT saflavis gaTxra; kai xeli aqvs; kai xels uCiravs;kai xelSia; kata moukvdeba xelSi; xeliT saTrevi; kudSi xelis wavleba;loyaze xelis Camokvra; marjvena xelimc SegrCeba; marjvenas moviWri;marjvenis qneva; marjvenis Camocla; majis warkveTa; majis cema; mtrisxelebis dakideba; muWaze dayra; muWaSi gawurva; muWaSi daWera; muWaSisulis Caberva; muWaSi cvari ar guava; muWis qva; namusze xelis aReba;orive xeliT dabRauWeba; oris xeliT micema (risime); patiosnebaze xelisdadeba; ra xeli gaqvs; rjulze xel aRebuli; sxvis xelad Cayra; sxvisxelT Semyure; sxvis xelSi mayurebeli; sxvis xelSi yureba; sxvis xelSiSemacqirali; sxvis xelSi Semyurebeli; sxvis xelSi Cavardna; tyuilixeliT daaqvs; qvabSi xelis Cayofa; qveynis RerZs xeli CavkideT; SanTsaviReb xelSi; xelis Sebruneba; Sens xelTaa Cemi sabeli yelisa; SensxelSi var; Cemze Seiwminda xelebi; Cemi xelia; Cvens xelSia; calisxeliT satirali; cariel jamSi xels ar Cayofs; cas xels avlebs; cxelwyalSi xelis Cayofa; Zirzed xelis misma; xelgaSliT yofna; xelad;xelis dadeba; xel da xel gakeTeba risime; xelebi gaexsnaT; xelebisgaSvera; xelebis dakrefa; xelebis fSvneta; xelebis Sekvra risTvisme;xelebis Camoyra; xelebi hqava; xelzed Sesanaxi; xelze wylis dasxmisRirsi ara xar; xelT ar mosvla saqmisa; xelT yola; xeli aklia;xelidan gamosvla; xeli dahria; xelidan gamocla; xelidan gaSveba;xelidan gaZroma; xelidan xelSi gadasvla; xeli da piri imisken miqnia;xeliT tareba (visime) xeli mogtydes! xeli moiTbo; xelisa da fexisdadgoma; xelis aReba; xelis aRmpyrobeli; xelis aRpyroba; xelisgadasma Tavze; xelis gaqneva; xelis gaSveba; xelis gawvdena; xelisgaxsna; xelis gulis qavili; xelis guliviT gadaSla; xelis kvra; xelis184

miwvdoma; xelis Sevleba; xelis Seqceva; xelis SeSveleba; xelis Sexeba;xelis Cakideba; xelis Caqneva; xelis wataneba; xelis wawvdena; xelisWuWyi; xelis-xels sagogmanebeli; xeli urevia; xeli Seawia; xeli SegrCa;xeli xelT ara maqvs; xeli xels; xeli-xel Cakidebuli; xeli-xelCarTuli; xelsa da pirs Sescqeris; xelsa d axels Sua gaqroba risame;xels afarebs; xels aZlevs; xels ar gaayolo; xels moviyex; xelsmoviWi; xel-fexidan cecxli gasdis; xel-fexis yra; xelSi mogikvdeba;xelSi moqonieba; xelSi xeli Cahbera; xelSi uWiravs; xelCarTulibrZola; jibes gaikar xelia; xmalze xelis wavleba; xmalze xelisgakvra; sikvdilis xelidan vinmes gamogleja;xmaxmebis dafena; xmebis gavrceleba; xmis amaRleba; xmis amoReba; xma aqvsgavardnili; xmis gavardna; xmis dagdeba; xmis darxeva; xmis dayra;daSaqvra xmisa; maRali xma; or xmas erTad ver amoiRebs; xmas ar scems;xma, krinti! xma RaRadebisa, udabnosa Sina;xorcixorci madneba; xorcis gleja; xorcis dayra; xorcis Sesxma; xorcixorcisagan da Zvali Zvali Zvalisagan; xorcis miyola; xorcSi Cavardna;xorcSi Cajdoma;185

English-Georgian Dictionary of Somatic IdiomsCJVFNEHB BLBJVT,BC BYUKBCEH-MFHSEKB KTMCBRJYBArmwith open arm – suliT da guliTto be in debt up to the arms (amer.) - yelamde var valebSi Caflulito throw oneself into smb's arm – vinmes xelSi Caagdo (sxvis xelSi Caagdo)to rescue smb. from arms of death – sikvdils xelidan gamostacioto fold in arms – gulSi Cakvrawith arms folds – gulxeldakrefili jdomabackturn one's back on smb. – zurgi Seaqcio vinmesput oneself on the back – zurgze mawevssee the back of smb. – zurgis Seqcevabe on one's back – zurgze hkidia vinmehave a road back – magari zurgi aqvscarry sin on one's back – codos akideba zurgzebehind smb's back – zurgs ukanbe at the back of smb. – iyo vinmes zurgis qveSstand behind smb's back – vinmes zurgs ukan dgoma (CrdilSi dgoma)be a backbone of smth. – xerxemalia ((raRacis (anu mTavaria))bloodget smb's blood up – sisxlis tvinSi avardnanew blood – axali sisxliit makes one's blood boil – sisxlis aduRebaone's blood runs cold/freezes – sisxli gaeyinaflesh and blood – sisxli da xorcia blood bath – sisxlis alazanistain one's hands in blood – sisxlSi xelis gasvrathe call of the blood – sisxlis yvivili♦ rush blood into one's cheeks – sisxlis yelSi avardnarush blood into one's head – sisxlis TavSi avardnablood sucker – sisxlis msmeliit makes one's blood run cold – ZarRvebSi sisxli gaeyinahave blue blood in one's veins – wminda sisxlishave no blood in veins – sisxlis gaSrobabe after/be out for/want someone's blood – sisxli swyuriabe in smb's blood – xorcSi gaWdoma (risime)blood will tell – sisxli Tavisas izamsa bloodless revolution – usisxlo revoluciaa bloodless victory – usisxlo gamarjvebato make smb's blood turn – sisxlis aCqrolebato spill blood – sisxlis daRvra186

one♦ to have get smb. in one's bones – Wkuas kargavs misTvisa bag of bones – carieli Zvlebiabone of the bone and flesh of the flesh – xorci xorcisgan da ZvaliZvalisganhave a bone to pick – xorcis glejahave got a bone to graw – xorci amomWamabrainbrain a person with smth. – tvini gamoulayo vinmes♦ beat (dudget; puzzle) one's brains about smth. – Tavis mtvreva ramezeuse your brains – gaanZrie tviniturn smb's brain – tvinis arevahave got smb. or smth. on the brain – tvinis aduRebahave one's brains on ice – tvini gaeyinarack one's brains about smth. – tvinis Wyletablow out one's brains – tvinis waRebaChin♦ chins are wagging – xma dadis; xma dairxaEars♦ be up to one's ears - yelamde var saqmeSi Caflulibehind the ears - yuris ZirSi; yurs ukanprick up one's ears - yurebis dacqvetain one ear and out at the other – erT yurSi SeuSva da meoreSi gamouSvagive me your ear - yuris Txoveba (yuri maTxove)have something between one's ears - yurebis gamoWedvaburn one's ears – yurebamde gawiTldaone's ear decieve - yuri matyuebswalls have ears – kedlebsac aqvs yurebiplay by ears – yuris gapantureba, gapartyunebahave one's ears open – yuris mipyroba, yuris mokvrakeep one's ears close to the ground – yurebis CamoSveba, yurebis Camoyraturn a deaf ear to smth. – yuris moyruvebapull smb. by the ear – yurebi auwia (datuqsa)♦ cock one's ear -1. cxviris maRla aweva 2. yurebis dacqvetabox on the ear - ali-yuri gaawna (silis gawna)Elbow♦ be up to the elbow's in work - yelamde var saqmeSi CafluliEyeskeep an eye on smth. or smb. – Tvali geWiros vinmeze an ramezepull the wool over someone's eyes – Tvalidan bewvis gamocla187

♦ a smack in the eye – guli gautyda (gulis gatexa)have got one's eye on smb. or smth. – Tvali daadga (vinmes; rames)do smth. with one's eyes closed – TvaldaxuWuli keTeba (raimesi)throw dust in a person's eyes – TvalebSi nacris Seyrahave get an eye for smb. – Tvali zed Cvenzed rCebodaone's eyes decieve – Tvali matyuebscan't believe one's eyes – Tvalebs ver vujerebthe evil eye – eSmakis Tvalian eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth – Tvali Tvalis wil da kbilikbilis wilsee eye to eye – Tvali TvalSi gayracan hardly take one's eyes off smb: smth. – Tvalis ver mowyveta Tvalis vermoSorebaall in my eye – Cemis TvaliTa vnaxewith half an eye – cali TvaliTac Canshave a black eye – Tvali Savi maqvswith a roving eye – Tvalebis cecebiTbe all eyes – oTxi Tvalis gamobmato wipe one's eyes – cremlis SeSroba Tvalebzeturn a blind eye to smth. – Tvalebis daxuWva raimezemind your eye – Tvali geWiroshave got an eye for the main chance – marjve Tvalimake eyes at smb. – Tvalebis Cakvraa joundiced eye – Suriani Tvalinot know where to turn one's eyes – ar icoda Tvalebi sad waeRoout of my sight – Tvalidan damekarge!to have a wink of eye at – Tvalis aridebarun one's eyes over smth. – Tvalisa da gulis Tan gayolacatch smb's eye – Tvalis mokvraeasy on the eyes - mwyalobeli TvaliT Sexedva; wyalobis TvaliTgadmoxedvaeyeball to eyeball – TvalebiT sja♦ be up to one's eyes in smth. - yelamde varin a twinkling of an eye – Tvalis daxamxamebazea mischievous twinkle in the eyes – cecxls akvesebs TvalebidanGod damn smb's eyes – Tvali daudges!give smb. a glad eye – kargi TvaliT uyurebshave the bags under one's eyes – Tvalebze libri aqvs gadakarulithe sckales fell from his eyes – Tvalebi aexilakeep one's eyes skinnned=keep an eye cocked – oTxi Tvalis gamobma; TvalisdaWera.Face♦ save face – TvalebSi rogor Sevxedogo purple in the face – saxeze almuri asdisgo red in the face – saxeze gawiTlda♦ laugh on the other side of one's face – zurgs ukan sicili188

have a long face – saxis moRuSvaa poker face - (morRveuli) waSlili saxeto make faces – saxis manWvaone's face falls – saxe CamostrisFingerslay a finger on smb. or smth. – TiTis dadeba vinmeze an ramezeall fingers and thumbsslip through one's fingers – TiTebs Sua gasxltomato have a finger in the pie – TaflSi TiTs urevso (anu raime saqmeSigareva)point the finger at smb. – TiTis daqneva (damuqreba)his fingers are all thumbs – TiTsac ar anZrevs (mouqnelia)crook one's finger – TiTis mokakvanot lift a finger – TiTsac ar gavanZrevFoot, Feetbe on one's feet - fexze dadgoma (mokeTeba)have get one foot in the grave - cali fexi samareSi aqvsdrag one's feet - fexiis aTrevahave got both feet on the ground - fexi moikidastep off on the wrong foot - marcxneba fexze (avdeqi) amdgaraput the right foot - marjvena fexi Semodgiget back on one's feet - fexze wamodga (gamokeTeba saqmeebisstand on one's own (two) feet - orive fexiT myarad dgasfall on one's feet - fexebSi Cavardnashake the dust from one's feet - fexTa mtveri; fexTagan mtvris ganyrathe patter of little feet - fexebis bakuriunder feet - fexqveS gagebabe rushed off on's fett - fexze dgas (yovel wuTs mzad aris)not set one's foot in/on somewhere - Cemi fexi ar iqneba iqhave got a foot in the door - fexi moikida saqmeSipull the carpet from under smb's feet - fexqveSidan miwis (niadagis) gamoclawalk smb. off his feet - fexebs Zlivs miaTrevs, daaTrevshairmake smb's hair stand on end – Tmebis yalyze dadgoma♦ not to torn a hair – warbis Seuxreladmake smb's hair curl – Tmebis yalyze dadgomaby within a hair's breadth - bewvze gadavrCinot harm a hair of smb's head – Tmis Reric ki ar moZvres Tavidantear one's hair – TmaTa glejahandto get out of hand – xelidan wasvlato change hands – xelidan xelSi gadasvlato turn one's hand – xelis miyofa; xeli miyo raimes189

to get one's hand in – xelis gawafva; xelis gaCvevato lay violent hands on – ZaliT xelSi Cagdebaat first hand – pirveli wyarodanbound/tied hand and foot – xel-fex Sekrulismb's right hand – visive marjvena xelihave got a dab hand (at smth.) – xelmarjve adamiani;give/lend smb. a hand – daxmarebis xeli gamouwodahands off – xelebi Sors (raimesgan! vinmesgan)hand to hand fighting – xelCarTuli brZolahave clean hands – sufTa xelebi (marTali)throw in one's hand – xelSi Cavardna; xelSi Cauvardahave the whiphand – xelSi uWiravs (akontrolebs, imorCilebs)eat/feed out of smb's hands – xelSi uWiravs (zegavlenas axdens)play into someone hands – sxvis xelSi Cavardnacome the heavy hand (with someone) – Cemze Seiwminda xelebistrengthen one's hand - xelis gamarTva (daxmareba)show/reveal one's hands - xelebi gaexsnaTbe hand in glove with smb. - erT saqmeze ukidiaT xeli (erT saqmeSi arian)hand in hand - xeli-xelforce someone's hand - xeliT saTreviahave a hand in smth. - ra xeli aqvs!have/take/want no hand in smth. - am saqmeSi xelebic damibaniait's time to take someone in hand - droa, magrad mokido xeliheadhang down one's head – Tavis Caqindvra; gulis gatexarun one's head against a stone wall – Tavi qvas axalos; Tavi kedels axalos;be/go off one's head – Tavi xom arafrisTvis miurtymevia (xo argaufrenia)from hand to tee – TaviT fexebamdis Tavidan fexebamde (zedmiwevniT)go to one's head – TavSi avardna; Tavi moaqvshave a (good) head for figures – kargi Tavi aqvs maTematikaSihave got a good head on one's shoulders - kargi Tavi abiahave got one's head in the clouds – TaviT RrublebSi dafrinavskeep one's head/ a cool head – Tavis moTokvakeep one's head above water – Tavis mobma saqmisaTvislose one's head – Tavgzis abneva; Tavis dakargva (kontrolis daargva)cannot make head or tail of smth. – Tavs da bolos ver gaugebput smth (e.g. an idea) into smb's head – Tavis gamotena; (ideebiT)put/lay one's head on the block – Tavs davdeb SenTvis (Tavis dadebavinmesTvis)talk one's head off - Tavis waWma (tviniC waReba (laparakisagan)use one's head – Tavi gaanZrie (Sen TiTon gaakeTe)head over heels – Tavdayira, yiramalato turn one's head – Tavbrus daxvevaput our/your/their heads together - bevri Tavi ukeTesiaput out of one's head – Tavidan amogdeba (daviwyeba)190

head over heels in love with – TavdaviwyebiT Seyvarebashrink one's head – Tavis arideba;scratch one's head – Tavi gatanashake one's head off – Tavidan moSorebaheart♦ have one's heart set on smth. – Tvali daadga raimes an vinmes(not) have the heart – guli Seugorda (vinmeze)in one's heart of hearts – gulis sirRmeSito cry one's heart out – tiriliT gulis mooxebaIt breaks my heart – guli miskdebato take smth to heart – gulTan mitanawith a heavy heart – damZimebuli guliTwith all one's heart – suliT da guliTwith one's whole heart – suliT da guliTpluck up one's heart – gulis gakeTeba♦ to lose heart - yurebis Camoyra♦ out of heart – cud gunebazehis heart failed him – gulma uRalatawin one's heart – visime gulis mogebahave one's heart in one's boots – guli windebSi Camivardahave one's heart in one's mouth – enis Cavardnaone's heart is in one's mouth – enis Cavardnabreak smb's heart – gulis gatexahave a heart of gold – oqros guli aqvshave the heart to do smth. – guli ar miudis (raimes gasakeTeblad)a heart to heart talk – guliTadi saubari (gulaxdili)one's heart isn't in it – guli ar miuwevsto one's heart's content – rac gagixardes sulo da gulotake heart – guli gaimagre; guls nu gaitexhave a heart of stone – qvis guli aqvsopen one's heart – gulis karebis gaReba, gulis gadaSlalose one's heart to smb. – guli misdis vinmezemove smb's heart – gulis aZgerebatouch smb's heart – guli autoka, guli auCuyagive one's heart to smb. – gulis micemastir smb's heart – gulis amRvrevagain smb's heart – vinmes gulis mopovebalie at smb's heart – gulze dawolaa change of heart – gulis gamocvlaoblain smb's heart – vinmes gulis dapyrobagladden smb's heart – gulis gaxarebadear to smb's heart – vinmes gulis vardione's heart bleed for smb. – guli ukvdeba191

heelto click one's heels – quslis dabakunebaone's Achilles heel – aqilevsis quslito show a clean pair of heels – moqusvla; gaqusvla=to take to one's heels♦ bring someone to heel – vinmes Wkuaze moyvanait's time he was brought to heel – droa Wkua vaswavloTdrag one's heels – quslebi ukan rCebaT♦ tread on smb's hees – fexdafex miyolaJaw♦ hold/stop your jaws! – enas kbili daaWire! nu ybedob!to drop one's jaw - ybebis Camocvenato wag one's jaw - ybis moqnevaKneeup to one's knees – muxlamdebe felt his knees give – muxlis moWra; muxlis mokveTa♦ at one's mother's knees – kalTaze gamobmato bend the knees to smb. – muxlis modrekato beseech one one's knees – muxlmodrekili vedreba; xvewnato drop on one's knees – muxlebSi Cavardnaweak at the knees – muxlis mokveTa; muxlebi aRar merCisLegput/set/get smb. on his legs – vinmes fexze dayeneba (anu saqmeebisgamokeTeba; fexze wamodgoma)be on its/one's last legs – fexebi gafSika; fexebi gaWimastretch one's legs – fexebis gamarTa (gavarjiSeba)♦ give smb. a leg up – xelis wakvra (warmatebaSi)♦ not have a leg to stand on - xelCasaWidi araferi maqvsto stand on one's own legs – fexze dadgoma (damoukideblad yofna)to leg after smb. – fex-da fex miyola; fexdafex devnato run/walk/smb. off his legs – fexebi ukan rCebato get a leg in – erTi fexiT movuswarto fall on one's legs – vinmes fexqveS garTxma; gagebato be/run off one's legs – fexis SeSlato lose one's legs – fexebis warTmevaMindframe of mind – am Wkuaze (fxizel gonebaze)♦ disburden one's mind – gulis mofxana; mooxebabring/call smb. to mind – gons mogeba, gons mosvlalose one's own mind on smb. smth. – Wkua meketebablow smb's mind – Wkuaafrinehave a mind of one's own – Wkuis patroni192

enter smb.'s mind – gonebis arevacast one's mind back – Wkuaze moviyvanemind yourself – Wkuas mouxmecome/spring to mind – WkuaSi Camijdawith a one track mind – WkuasTan mwyraladaaweight off smb's mind – Seni wona Wkua nekSi maqvsboggle smb's mind – Wkua vaswavle♦ to turn the flank of – WkuaSi motyuebamouthone's mouth waters – pirSi wylis dagubebapiri wyliT aqvs savseput words into one's mouth – pirSi CaCrapirSi nu meCrebifrom mouth to mouth – piridan pirze♦ hold your mouth – xma Caiwyvite!shut one's mouth – piris moketvaout of the mouth of babies and sucklings – tuCebze dedis rZe ar SeSrobia;pirze rZe ar SeSrobiatake the words out of smb's mouth – sityvebis amogdeja piridanhave a mouth to feed – pirSi gemo hqoniaopen one's big mouth – piri moaRonailas hard as nails – frCxilic ar wamostikvebianeckbreak on's neck – kisris motexa♦ get it in the neck – kinwiskriT gagdeba♦ to put one's neck into the nose – Tavis mosaklavad aqvs saqme♦ to risk one's neck – Tavis gametebaneck or nothing – an mivaRwev an kisers movimtvrev (an sikvdili angamarjveba)be on one's neck – sxvis kiserze yofnaa pain in the neck – kiserze dadeba valad; tvirTad gvawevs kiserzenervesget on one's nevers - nervebze TamaSobs (moqmedeba)set one's nerves on edge – nervebze mSlis; (maRizianebs)have got nerves of steel – rkinis nervebia war/battle of nevers – nervebis omi(a fit of nerves – nervuli Seteva; gacofeba)nose♦ led by the nose - yuriT moTrevacock one's nose – cxviris abzeka193

idle up one's nosepoke one's nose into – sxvis saqmeSi cxviris Cayofaturn one's nose up at smth. – cxviris abzuebaunder one's nose – cxvirwinhave got a good nose for smth – kargi ynosva aqvslook down one's nose at smth. smb. – cxviris CamoSvebakeep one's nose clean – cxvir-piris gamowmenda (dacva vinmesi)to hip one's nose – cxviris CamoSvra-dadardianebashouldershrug one's shoulders – mxrebis aCeCvaa shoulder to cry on – mxarSi amodgomashoulder to shoulder – mxari mxars miscesskinskin and bone – Zvali da tyavi (gamxdari) = skinnysave one's own skin – sakuTari tyavis gadarCenabe in smb's skin – vismes tyavSi yofna=get under one's skin♦ jump out of one's skin – sixarulisgan fexze ara dgas♦ get off with a whole skin – Tavis daZvrenasoulto be the soul of – raimes suli da gulito have no soul – usulguloba; gulqvaoba♦ to possess one's soul – Tavis daWera♦ to unbosom (to unbutton) one's soul – gulis gadaSlato put spirit into smtb. – sulis Cadgma; STabervamy spirit sank – sulierad davecisave one's soul – sulis xsna; gadarCenato give smb. a soul – sulis micemababy and soul – suli da xorciraise smb's spirit – sulis amaRleba(a feast for the soul – ra ginda sulo da gulo?)♦ to leave one's guts behind – suliT dacemastomackon an empty stomach – mSier kuWzeon an full stomach – amoyorva muclisatearscrocodile ters – niangis cremlebished/weep tears – cremlad daRvraburst into tears – cremlebi waskdabe in a flood of tears – cremlebis niaRvaricry witb scalding tears – cxare cremlebiT tirilito dry up one's tears – cremlis SeSroba; (daSreta)194

throat♦ to cut one's own throat – Tavis daRupvato cut another's throat - (udanod (visime) yelis gamoWra (daRupva)♦ thrust down a person's throat – pirSi CaCra; SeCrahave a lump in one's throat - yelSi mowolastick in one's throat - yelSi gaCxeraclear one's throat - yelis Cawmenda/Cakoklozinebatoes♦ to torn up one's toes – fexebis gafSeka; (mokvdoma) gaWimva♦ tread/step on one's toes – wixlis daWera (wyenineba)toes the line - fexis wverebze dayeneba (daemorCilo brZanebebs)tongueon the tip of one's tongue – enis wverze adgas (rame)his tongue is too long for his teeth – mas Zalian grZeli ena aqvsto wag one's tongue/set tongues wagging – enis tartarihe has a ready tongue – enakvimatia; ena uWris; enamoswrebuliato have too much tongue – enaze araferi daamagrdeba; rac enaze moagdeba,imas ambobs.bite one's tongue off – enaze kbena; (enis mokvneta (vinane)twist of the tongue – enas ukidebs; enabluobato hold one's tongu – xmis ar amoReba;enaze klitis dadeba; (gaCumeba)have a wicked tongue – gesliani; RvarZliani enabridle one's tongueclick one's tongue – enis gawklapuneba;steight of tongue –lose one's tongue – enis warTmevato find one's tongue – saerTo enis moZebna; gamonaxvaget/give smb. (rough) edge of one's tongue – enis Sebruneba; (pasuxis gacema,gulSi ar darCena)long – tongued – enawagdebuli; ybedi.♦♦tooth, teethto cast (to throw) smth. in smb's teeth – sayveduris pirSi mixla(tooth and nail – rac Zali da Rone aqvs)to set one's (the) teeth on edge – nervebze moqmedeba (gaRizianeba)(armed to the teeth) - kbilebamde SeiaraRebuligrashing of teeth – kbilebis RreWa, kraWuni (gabrazeba)get one's teeth into smth – kbilebis Casoba; dadgmadraw smb's teeth – kbilebs amgaZrobtake the bit between one's teeth – kbilebSi gascra195