ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministrosaqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli StabiJ7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebisdepartamentissip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa daeTnologiis institutivaxtang goilaZevaxtang gorgasalimeomris biblioTeka #11Tbilisi2008

Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meTerTmete wigni; seriaiTvaliswinebs wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemulisaqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi.seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuliaRzrda da codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebuliapopularuli, magram maRal profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; espatara, magram tevadi da kargad gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTaudides mefeebs: vaxtang gorgasals, daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s,saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs, XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenilqarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro istoriis calkeulsakiTxebsa da a.S.seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiisinstituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelosyoveli moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rombrZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.vaJa kiknaZeseriis saredaqcio kolegia:istoriis mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesoriistoriis mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesorivaJa kiknaZeTamaz beraZerecenzenti:istoriis mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesori mariam CxartiSvilikompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lleila xurciaydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZeredaqtori: nargiz xarabaZeteqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvilidamtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli ZalebisgaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolodepartamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias miersaqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabistopografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20tel.: +995 32 91-19-83faqsi: +995 32 91-19-832

vaxtang gorgaslis istoriis asparezze gamosvlisas, qarTlissamefos mezoblad sami imperia mZlavrobda. tradiciulimowinaaRmdegeebis, sasanianTa iranisa da bizantiis garda, qarTlssafrTxes Crdilo kavkasiisa da Savi zRvis mimdebare velebze axladSeqmnili hunTa uzarmazari gaerTianebac uqmnida.centraluri aziidan wamosuli dabaltaniani, muqkaniani, didTava dauwvero dampyroblebi, romelTa agresiisagan Cinelebi didma kedelmac kiver ixsna, aRmosavleT evropas IV s-is 70-ian wlebSi moadgnen. iqmomTabare skviTur-sarmatul-alanuri tomebi daimorCiles da md. volgisdasavleTi napiridan md. dunais aRmosavleTiT mdebare velebamde hunebisimperia Seqmnes, ris gamoc, aRmosavleT evropaSi axali samxedro wesrigidamyarda. istoriis asparezze mTavarsardalTa axali saxelebi gamoCnda– erT-erTi aseTi iyo hunTa beladi atila.V s-is 40-ian wlebSi, roca vaxtang gorgasalma, Crdilo kavkasiaSiTavisi pirveli laSqroba moawyo, evropaSi ori gamoCenilimxedarTmTavris: atilasa da romaeli sardlis aeciusis saxelebigvrgvinavda. ai, am pirovnebaTa umcrosi Tanamedrove iyo vaxtanggorgasali.kiTxvaze, vin iyvnen dasaxelebuli pirebi? TiTqmis yvela getyviT:atila hunTa beladi iyoo (saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi aswavlidnen`atilas cxenis fexis nadgamze balaxi aRar amodiso~), aeciusis saxeliki mxolod istorikosTa viwro wrisTvisaa cnobili. atilas saxelsdideba iman SesZina, evropis ganadgurebas rom cdilobda. aeciusma kievropa misgan ixsna. mxedvelobaSi maqvs 451 wels Crdilo-aRmosavleTsafrangeTSi – katalaunis velze gamarTuli e.w. `xalxTa brZola~,sadac romaelebma da maTma mokavSireebma, aeciusis sardlobiT atilasurdoebi gaanadgures.aeciusi, rogorc md. dunais provinciebSi mosamsaxure romaelisardlis Ze, ymawvilobisas mZevlad iyo dunais gadaRma momTabare hunTamefis karze da barbaros ufliswulebTan – hunTa momaval mefeebTan:atilasTan da mis ZmasTan erTad izrdeboda. aeciusi SemdegSi aseTivestatusiT imyofeboda germanelebTan. aeciusma am garemoSi Seiswavla aramarto am barbarosTa ena, aramed momaval mowinaaRmdegeTa samxedroxelovneba, brZolis meTodebi. amis gamo iyo, rom igi brwyinvaledaxerxebda romis armiaSi myof barbarosTa marTvas. Zveli germaneliistorikosis sityviT, `aeciusi romis imperiis keTildReobisaTvis iyodabadebuli“.451 wlis gamarjvebis Semdeg aeciusi sasaxlis intrigebs Seewira.igi 454 wlis 21 seqtembers imperator valentinian III-is brZanebiTmokles, xolo atila 453 wels, sakuTari qorwilis Rames mkvdari naxes.3

ase dasrulda vaxtang mefis ori ufrosi Tanamedrovis – udidesimxedarTmTavrebis cxovreba. am qveynidan maTi wasvlisas vaxtanggorgasals ukve araerTi brZola hqonda mogebuli. maTze aranaklebicnobda brZolis xerxebs, laSqris wyobas, uZleveli iyo orTabrZolaSi.yovelive amis Sesaxeb qvemoT mogiTxrobT.* * *vaxtang gorgasali qarTvel moRvaweTa im pleadas ekuTvnis,romelTac jer kidev Tanamedroveebma uwodes `didi~. didad, TundacqarTvel mefeTagan, saqarTvelos istoriaSi arc ise bevri moixsenieba.vaxtang gorgasali am mxriv erT-erTi pirvelia.vaxtang gorgasali Zv. w. III saukunis damdegs, axali qarTlissamefos Semqmnelisa da farnavazianTa samefo dinastiis damaarseblis –farnavazis erT-erTi gamoCenili STamomavali iyo. vaxtang mefiscxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, ZiriTadad, mis TanadrouladSeqmnili saistorio Txzulebidan (mas `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~ewodeba) viciT. am Txzulebis avtorad vaxtangis spaspeti – juanSerjuanSeriani iTvleba. vaxtangis `cxovrebam~ XI saukuneSi garkveuliredaqciuli cvlileba ganicada, ris Sedegadac, vaxtang gorgaslispirovneba legendaruli elferiT Seimosa. mis `cxovrebaSi~ araerTilegendaruli ambavi iqna CarTuli, rac Semdegma garemoebam ganapiroba:miuxedavad imisa, rom XI saukuneSi vaxtang gorgaslis moRvaweobisdroidan 500 meti weli iyo gasuli, vaxtang gorgaslis pirovnebisadmiinteresi, pativiscema da siyvaruli mainc didi iyo. aseTipativiscemisaTvis qarTlis samefos dedaqalaqad Tbilisisgamosacxadeblad dawyebuli saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebic kmaroda.iranelebTan brZolisas sasikvdilo Wrilobis miRebis gamo, marTalia,vaxtang mefem am didi saxelmwifoebrivi saqmis damTavreba ver moaswro,samuSaoebi `daCi mefem ganasrula~ da `viTar ebrZana vaxtangs, igi(Tbilisi v.g.) Seqmna saxlad samefod~, qarTuli saistorio tradiciavaxtang gorgasals mainc Tbilisis damaarseblad Tvlis.ra Tqma unda, mefe, romlis saxeli qveynis dedaqalaqis daarsebasukavSirdeba, qarTveli xalxis TvalSi adreve SaravandediT Seimoseboda.amitom, cxadia, im istoriul pirTa Soris, romelnic saqarTvelosgmirul warsuls amSveneben, vaxtang gorgasals erT-erTi sapatioadgili ukavia. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da qarTveli xalxiswinaSe udidesi Rvawlis gamo, vaxtang gorgaslis saxeli adridanveSaravandediT rom Seimosa, SemTxveviTi ar iyo.4

qarTveli xalxis winaSe vaxtang gogaslis Rvawli da damsaxureba,ra Tqma unda, mxolod aRniSnuliT ar ganisazRvreba. XI saukunis IInaxevarSi, roca vaxtangis `cxovrebaSi~ legendaruli ambebi CarTes,mematianeebma kargad icodnen misi didi damsaxureba qarTveli xalxiswinaSe: brZola iraneli dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg; romaelTaganmitacebuli Zveli qarTuli miwebis dabruneba; antiiranuli ajanyeba482-484 wlebSi; qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis(damoukideblobis) mopoveba da axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba; didisaero (qalaqebis: artanuji, ujarma, Tbilisi da sxva) da saeklesio(sveticxoveli, ninowmida, niqozi, nekresi da sxva) mSenebloba.vaxtang gorgasali, Tavisi droisaTvis uZleveli mebrZoli dagamoCenili sardali, qarTveli mxedrobiT, iranis Sahebis moTxovniT,monawileobda bizantiis winaaRmdeg omebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi, SuaaziaSi, indoeTSi da abaSeTSi * ebrZoda hunebs, romlebic im xanad iranisimperiisaTvis yvelaze Zlier da saSiS mowinaaRmdegeebs warmoadgendnen(Crdilo kavkasiis mimdebare da Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebzemomTabare hun-TurqTa Zlieri gaerTianebebisaTvis darialis karisCaketva iranis Sahebis mier, erTxans, swored qarTvelebs hqondaTdavalebuli). rac mTavaria, vaxtang gorgasalis sardlobiT qarTvelTamonawileoba iranis mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolebSi SahebisaTvis xSiradgadamwyveti gamarjvebis momtani iyo.vaxtang gorgasali didi figura da gamoCenili pirovneba rom iyomaSindel saerTaSoriso asparezze, es iqidanac Cans, rom masTandanaTesavebas eswrafvodnen ara marto bizantiis imperatorebi, aramedqarTlis samefos maSindeli siuzerenni – iranis Sahebic ki. maT kargadicodnen, aseTi danaTesaveba garkveulad vaxtangis politikurorientaciasac gansazRvravda.iranelebTan `iorsa zeda~ brZolaSi vaxtang gorgaslis sasikvdiloddaWrisa da ujarmaSi gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi STamomavlobis zeobisxanaSi qarTlis samefom jer 482-484 wlebis antiiranuli ajanyebisSedegad mopovebuli SeRavaTebi dakarga, Semdeg, daaxloebiT 537 welsiranis Sahin-Sahma xosro I-ma sasanianma (531-579 ww.) (misi zedwodebaiyo `anuSirvani~, rac qarTulad `ukvdav suls~ niSnavs) qarTlSi samefoxelisufleba gaauqma. im droisaTvis ukve rvaaswliani istoriis mqonefarnavazianTa samefo saxlis Camomavali – mefe bakuri xosro I-mataxtidan gadaayena, qarTli iranis provinciad gadaaqcia. mefe bakuriiZulebuli gaxda kaxeTis mTianeTisaTvis Seefarebina Tavi.vaxtang gorgaslis Zlevamosil gamarjvebaTa Semdeg, marTalia,qarTvelma xalxma didi Znelbedoba gaiara, magram gmiri mefis Sesaxebmadlieri STamomavloba legendebs Txzavda, xolo sabrZolo droSas,abjarsa da samosels saTuTad inaxavda, uvlida. akad. iv. javaxiSvilisSeniSvniT, vaxtang gorgaslis samxedro iaraRi da samoseli Turme arsen5

kaTalikosis (IX s.) drosac ki inaxeboda. `goliaT da ganTqmul yovelsaqveyanasa~ vaxtangis samoseli da abjari – wers arseni, _ `awca sacnaurars~-o.saukuneTa manZilze `gorgasliani~ droSa qarTvelebs umZimesibrZolebis Jams TavianTi didi winapris sagmiro saqmeebiTaRafrTovanebda. TviT daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris brwyinvaleepoqaSic ki, vaxtang gorgaslis kulti imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom`gorgasaliani~ droSa `did laSqrobaTa dros kvlav jaris winmihqondaT~. 1089 wels saqarTvelos samefo taxtze asulma daviT IVaRmaSenebelma, marTalia, axali sabrZolo droSa SemoiRo, magram didbrZolebSi `gorgasliani~ droSa mainc gahqondaT. `gorgasliani~ droSadaviTis drosac isev qarTvelTa Zveli gmirobisa da vaJkacobis, mterzegamarjvebis simbolod rom rCeboda, amas ioane SavTelis (XII-XIII ss.)`abdul-mesiidan~ qvemomoyvanili strofic mowmobs:`iyvis ra zmiTa, uricxv razmiTagulis-mdebelad TvisTa spaTaTvis,gorgasliani, daviTianidroSa iaxlis msvrelad mterTaTvis~.Tamar mefis istorikosi, `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~avtori, sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom droSa, romelic qarTvel laSqarsbrZolebSi mihqonda, swored `droSa igi gorgasliani~ iyo, `romelisindeTs SesvliTgan mospetakteboda~.qarTveli xalxis siyvaruli Tavisi didi winapris – vaxtanggorgaslisadmi mxolod misi `samoslisa da abjris~, `gorgasliani~droSisadmi pativiscemiTa da mokrZalebiT rom ar ganisazRvreboda, amasZvel droSi Seqmnili da dRemde Semonaxuli, sayovelTaod cnobilixalxuri leqsic mowmobs:`vaxtang mefe RmerTs uyvarda,cidan Camoesma reka,ialbuzze fexi Sedga,didma mTebma iwyes dreka.osebSi gadaiara,Cerqezebi gadareka~.vaxtang gorgaslis saxels omSi myofi qarTvelebi ara marto XI-XIII saukuneebSi, ufro gviani xanis saqarTveloSic rom siamayiTigonebdnen, amas mowmobs grigol orbelianis poemaSi _ `sadRegrZelo~vaxtangisadmi miZRvnili sityvebi:`ese ars gmiri is gorg-aslani,romlis SexedviT sparselni hTrTodnen~.vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis Semdeg, gmiri mefis fizikurisiZlieris, cxovrebisa da brZolebis Sesaxeb xalxma iseTi legendaruliambebi SeTxza, rom vaxtangis Tanamedrove avtoris mier Sedgenili, misi6

moRvaweobis amsaxveli Txzuleba aRmavlobis gzaze Semdgari qarTulifeodaluri sazogadoebis sulier moTxovnebs veRar akmayofilebda.rogorc Cans, amis gamo, XI saukuneSi qarTvelma istorkosma Zveliteqsti vaxtangis Rvawlisa da gmirobis gadmosacemad arasakmarisadmiiCnia, `vaxtangis cxovreba~, misi droisaTvis xalxurzepirsityvierebaSi arsebuli legendaruli xasiaTis ambebiT Seavso da`saraindo~ Sinaarsis Txzuleba Seqmna. Tumca, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT,masSi zustadaa asaxuli vaxtang gorgaslis moRvaweoba da misiTanadrouli qarTlis samefos istoriis ZiriTadi movlenebi.XI saukuneSi `vaxtangis cxovrebaSi~ (`cxovreba~ Zvelad istoriasniSnavda) redaqtors rom cvlilebebi Sehqonda, es gasakviri araa. amredaqtorisa da misi drois qarTuli sazogadoebis TvalSi – pirovneba,romlis droSa omebSi laSqris win mihqondaT, molaSqreTa warmodgenaSiuZleveli gmiri, daumarcxebeli mefe unda yofiliyo. iseTi mefe,romelsac asiaTasobiT meomari hyavda.samwuxarod, Cveni didi erovnuli moRvawis – vaxtang gorgasliscxovrebis zusti wlebi am ukanasknel xanebamde garkveuli ar iyo.saqmes is arTulebda, rom TariRi, saidanac misi `cxovrebis~ avtors –juanSers vaxtangis moRvaweobisa da qarTlSi momxdari ambebi aqvsaTvlili, imTaviTve ar arsebobda. juanSeri aTvlas vaxtangisdabadebidan iwyebs da mogviTxrobs, vaxtangi 7 wlis rom gaxda mamagaerdaecvala da ase Semdeg. mematiane Txrobas iranelebTan `iorsa zeda~brZolaSi daWrili 60 wels miRweuli mefis gardacvalebiT amTavrebs.e.i. Tu gvecodineba am brZolis TariRi, vaxtangis dabadebis welsaczustad gavarkvevT.vaxuSti batoniSvilidan (gardaicvala 1757 w.) dawyebuli,mkvlevrebi didi gulmodginebiT eZebdnen am omis TariRs, magram igiverc Zvel qarTul da verc ucxoenovan wyaroebSi ver iqna mikvleuli.swored aRniSnulma ganapiroba, samecniero literaturaSi vaxtanggorgaslis gardacvalebis TariRi, TiTqmis, 50 wlis farglebSi – 484-dan 532 wlamde rom meryeobda.Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi vaxtang gorgaslisgardacvalebis TariRad akad. iv. javaxiSvilis mier SemoTavazebuli 502weli iyo miRebuli, magram jer kidev 1962 wels istorikosma laSajanaSiam detalurad gaanaliza saistorio wyaroTa monacemebi daaRniSna: 502 weli ar Seesabameba istoriul realobas, Cvens xelTarsebuli cnobebi saSualebas ar iZlevian zustad davaTariRoT vaxtanggorgaslis mefoba. jerjerobiT Cven unda davkmayofildeT mxolod imisaRniSvniT, rom vaxtangi mefobda V saukunis meore naxevarSi.laSa janaSias naSromis gamoqveynebis Semdeg araerTma mkvlevarmakvlav scada vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebis wlebis dadgena, magramuSedegod.7

yuradReba mivaqcie axal wyaros `firan guSnaspis martviloba~. amTxzulebaSi qarTl-albaneTis marzpanis * _ firan guSnaspisgaqristianebisa da iranis Sahis mier misi sikvdiliT dasjis ambaviagadmocemuli. es pirovneba qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis kargad cnobiliqarTlis marzpanis – arvand guSnaspis ufrosi Zma iyo. marzpanebsqarTlsa da albaneTSi mdgari jarebis sardloba, am ori qveynis gamgeobaevalebodaT. guSnaspTa (igive mihranTa) sagvareulo iranis imperiaSididi gavleniT sargeblobda. maT ZiriTadad samxedro TanamdebobebiekavaT. xSirad iyvnen iranis jarebis mTavarsardlebi.rac Seexeba CvenTvis saintereso cnobas. sirieli agiografisTanaxmad, firan guSnaspis marzpanobisas `roca sparselebsa da romaelebsSoris gurzanisa da aranis mxareSi omi daiwyo... (zavis dadebis)meormoce wels taxtze avida xosro~.ZeglSi moxseniebuli `gurzani~ qarTlis siriuli saxelia, ,,arani“Zvel albaneTs erqva. mefe `xosroSi~ iranis Sahin-Sahi xosro IanuSirvani igulisxmeba. igi 531 wels avida iranis taxtze. meore mxriv,agiografis Tanaxmad, misi gamefebis weli radgan amierkavkasiaSi`gurzanisa da aranisaTvis~ mimdinare omis damTavrebis (zavis dadebidan)meormoce weli iyo, iransa da bizantias Soris zavi (531-40) 491 welsdadebula.saTanado masalis gaanalizebis Semdeg gairkva: juanSeris mieraRwerili `iorsa zeda~ brZola, sadac vaxtang gorgasali sasikvdiloddaiWra, qarTlis samefos teritoriaze momxdari, iran-bizantiis omis,erTi epizodi iyo. e.i. sirieli agiografi da juanSeri 491 wlis iranbizantiisomis erTi brZolis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben. aRniSnulidangamomdinare, vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvaleba Cems mier 491 wliT iqnadaTariRebuli. gardacvalebisas vaxtang mefe radgan 60 wels iyomiRweuli, misi dabadeba (491-60) 431 welze mova. vaxtang gorgaslis`cxovrebis~ avtors – juanSers swored 431 wlidan aqvs aTvlilivaxtangis cxovrebisa da qarTlis samefoSi momxdari ambebi. am mikvlevisSemdeg, SesaZlebeli gaxda zustad ganmesazRvra vaxtangis mamis – mefemirdatis gardacvalebis, vaxtangis debis, misi Zeebis dabadebis wlebi daimdroindel qarTlis samefoSi momxdari sxva mravali ambavi.vaxtang gorgasali da misi winaprebi, farnavazianTa dinastiasganekuTvnebodnen, magram saqarTvelos Zvel istoriaSi gaucnobierebelizogi pirisagan xSirad gaigonebT, vaxtangi warmoSobiT sparsi iyoo, racsruliad gaumarTlebelia.saqme isaa, rom ZvelTaganve saqarTvelos did sagvareuloebSi gaCndatendencia, TavianTi sagvareulos fuZemdeblad ucxoeTidan mosulipirovneba gamoecxadebinaT an TavianTi gvari ucxoel sagvareulosTandaekavSirebinaT. ase iyo samefo gvarSic – bagrationebi TavianTwinaprebad Zvel ebrael mefeebs: solomonsa da daviTs Tvlidnen.8

farnavaz mefis STamomavlebidan swored mirianis `cxovrebaSi~ iqna aseTiCasworeba Setanili. XI s-is mematianem leonti mrovelma miriani iranisSahis Zed gamoacxada, mihranTa sagvareulos qalisagan naSobad * .vaxtang gorgasali ki mirianis umcrosi Zis – bakuris (baqaris)uSualo STamomavali iyo.vaxtang gorgasali mamis mxriv, rogorc vnaxeT, imdroindelmsoflioSi erT-erTi uZvelesi farnavazianTa dinastiis STamomavali iyo(vaxtangis moRvaweobis droisaTvis farnavazianTa * dinastia qarTlisaxali samefos Seqmnidan – Zv. w. 301 w., TiTqmis 8 saukunes aiTvlida).deda ki mas sparseli hyavda, qarTl-albaneTis marzpanis-barzabodisasuli. unda vivaraudoT, rom barzabodic mihran-guSnaspTasagvareulodan unda yofiliyo. ase rom, dedis mxriv vaxtang mefe iraniserT-erTi ganTqmuli sagvareulos Camomavali iyo.qarTl-albaneTis marzpanTa ZiriTadi rezidencia q. barda (bardavi)(amJamad patara qalaqia azerbaijanSi) iyo. iqidan ganagebdnen isini am orqveyanas.rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, vaxtangis papamefe arCili (402-426 ww.), maincdamainc didad ar morCilebdabarzabods. man `ganacxada mtroba sparsTa, gamoaCinna juarni da mokazmnaeklesiani, mosrna da ganasxna yovelni cecxlis-msaxurni sazRvarTaganqarTlisaTa; moirTo Zali saberZneTiT (e.i. bizantiidan, v.g.) dawarZRuanebiTa juarisaTa iwyo brZolad sparsTa~. es brZola, rogorcaRvniSne, ZiriTadad bardaSi mjdomi marzpanis winaaRmdeg samxedromoqmedebebSi gamoixateboda. barzabodi urC qveSevrdoms, ra Tqma unda,aseT qmedebas ar apatiebda. man `Sekriba spa ranisa, movakanisa daadarbadaganisa da momarTa arCils~. mefe arCili, qarTlis jariT`mindobiTa RmrTisaTa~ barzabods qarTl-albaneTis sazRvarze `mdinaresazeda berdujisasa~ daxvda `da ZaliTa patiosnisa juarisaTa mosrna datyue-yvna~ barzabodis mebrZolebi. Semdeg Sevida albaneTis teritoriazemoarbia igi da `movida Sina gamarjvebuli~. mTel samefos amcno jvrisZaliT cecxlTayvanismcemel barzabodze gamarjvebis ambavi.barzabodis winaaRmdeg aranaklebi simamaciT ibrZoda arCil mefis Zemirdati. mamasaviT isic `morwmune da RmrTis msaxuri~, `queli daSemmarTebeli~ iyo. roca mirdati `dadga asaksa mamakacobisasa,~`umetesad uwyo brZolad sparsTa, Sesvlad da tyuenvad~ albaneTs.Zveli qarTveli avtoris cnobiT, qarTvelTa aseT gaaqtiurebas iranisSahi ver pasuxobda, radgan `brZoda indoTa da sindTa da abaSTa, da verSemZlebel iyo spisa didsa gamogzavnad~. amitom `emZlavrebodesqarTvelni~.marTalia, barzabodi cixeebsa da qalaqebs amagrebda, magram es saqmesver Sveloda, sanam mirdatis cxovrebaSi gardamtexi ambavi ar moxda. im9

xanad ufliswuli mirdati ucolo iyo, xolo barzabods, mematianesTqmiT, `esua asuli qmnulkeTili, Suenieri, romelsa erqua sagduxt~.erTxelac, mirdats mxleblebma moaxsenes `siSueniere misi~.sagduxtis silamaziT monusxuli `trfial iqmna mirdat mis zeda.~ amisSemdeg mirdats, ra Tqma unda, araviTari survili aRar hqondabarzabodis samflobeloebi daerbia. Tavisi trfialis ambavi mamas – mefearCils ase moaxsena: `vevedrebi mefobasa Sensa, momguare colad Cemdasagduxt asuli barzabodisi, da SevqmnaT Cuen Soris mSvidoba~.marTalia, dasZina ufliswulma, qristes ZaliT Cven vimarjvebT, magramroca iranis mefe moiclis, Cvenze Surs iZiebs. Cvens qveyanasa daeklesiebs moaoxrebs. jobia dReidan damTavrdes Cvens Soris mtroba. amgziT ufro Seuryevlad davicavT qarTlis sazRvrebs, ufro ganmtkicdebaqarTlSi qristes sjuli, sparsTa gaZlierebisas, `qristes sjulisgmobis~ SiSi aRar gveqneba.mefe arCili kargad mixvda yovelive amas, axalgazrda ufliswuliqalis siyvarulis gamo rom ambobda. amitom, Svilis TxovnaswinaaRmdegoba aRar gauwia da `aRasrula neba misi~. wargzavna mociqulibardavs – barzabodis karze `da iTxova asuli misi colad ZisaTvisisa~.arCil mefis winadadeba barzabodma didi sixaruliT miiRo, TanqarTvelTagan `iTxova fici da aRTqma~ mSvidobisa, qarTvelebmac dadesfici. ase damyarda mSvidoba.saqmis keTilad warmarTviT gaxarebulma barzabodma `mosca asuliTvisi ziTviTa didiTa~. sagduxti `moiyvanes mcxeTas _ `qmnes qorwili,Sueba da gancxroma dReTa mravalTa~. qorwilis Semdeg mefe arCilmamirdatsa da mis meuRles saufliswulo mamulad misca samSvilde *`saerisTaoTa misTa da mun dasxdes mirdat da sagduxt~.ase Seiqmna samSvildis saerisTavos centri – cixe-qalaqi samSvildeaxalgazrda col-qmris rezidenciad. didad `morwmune da RmrTismsaxuri~mirdatis meuRle sagduxt dedofali, cecxlTayvanismcemeliiyo. cxadia, mas gaqristianebas mosTxovdnen da `sagduxt dedofalmangamoikiTxa sjuli qristesi~, mirdatma `mohguarna kacni sjulisamecnierni~ (e.i. qristianuli religiis mcodneni, v.g.). dedofalma, raTqma unda, arc qarTuli icoda, amitom `uTargmnes saxareba uflisaCuenisa ieso qristesi~. auxsnes _ `WeSmariti RmerTi~ rom ieso qristeiyo, `romeli gankacna (e.i. adamianis saxe miiRo, v.g.) xsnisaTvis Cuenisa~.yovelive amis Semdeg, sagduxt dedofalma `gulisxma yo~, `icnasjuli WeSmariti, dauteva cecxlis-msaxureba, naTel-iRo da iqmnamorwmune~. man aRaSena sioni samSvildisa (esaa samSvildis Zvelieklesia. VII-VIII saukuneebis mijnaze qarTlis erismTavarma varaz-bakurmada sxvebma samSvildeSi kvlav aages didi taZari, romelTagan dResnangrevebiRaa SemorCenili, v.g.).10

gvamcnobs: `viTar iqmna vaxtang wlisa aTisa, gardamovides ovsni spaniuricxuni~ _ maT kaspidan gaitaces vaxtangis sami wlis da miranduxti.438 wels mefe mirdatis udrood gardacvalebis gamo, qarTlissamefo mZime viTarebaSi Cavarda. Svidi wlis ufliswuli qveynismarTvaSi monawileobas ver miiRebda. qveyana dedofal sagduxts undaemarTa qarTlis erisTavebis daxmarebiT, magram sinamdvileSi qarTlismmarTvelad iTvleboda bardaSi mjdomi marzpani barzabodi. igi,marTalia, dedofal sagduxtis mama iyo, magram mainc iraneli moxeleiyo. amasTanave, dedofals kargad axsovda: jer arCil mefe, Semdeg kimisi meuRle – mirdati rogor arbevdnen albaneTSi barzabodisqveSevrdomebs. amitom, igi SiSobda vaiTu `mamaman Cemman~ Suri iZiosmamamTilisa da Cemi qmris namoqmedarze, maT xom `egodenni borotnimoawivnes mis zeda~-o. amasTanave, imasac ar gamoricxavda, rom radgancecxlTayvanismcemloba * uaryo da qristianoba aRiara, masze SurisZiebisgamo `warwymidos Svili Cemi, ganryunas qarTli da sjuli qristesi~-o.dedofali did mwuxarebaSi iyo, magram, bolos mainc `ganizraxawarsvla winaSe mamisa missa da Sevrdoma misi~. Tumca, mcirewlovaniufliswulis wayvana ver gabeda da vaxtangi `cremliTa simwarisaTa~qarTlis spaspetsa da erisTavebs Seavedra.qarTlis dedofali mxolod mcire mxleblebiT miadga q. bardaSimamis rezidencias. mamis win moiyara muxli, mamas fexebze emTxvia _`daaltobda (e.i. daasvelebda, v.g.) ferxTa mamisa TvisiTa cremliTa~.dedofalma mamisagan iTxova Sewyaleba da miteveba, aseve surda mamasmisTvisac Seendo `sjulis dateveba~. dedofals eSinoda mamas araeZulebina igi uareyo qristes sjuli, radgan ieso qriste misTvis ukveiyo `RmerTi WeSmariti~. amasTanave mamisadmi umTavresi saTxovari maincis iyo, rom misi Ze – vaxtangi daetovebina Tavisive mamulSi da TviTgaewia Suamavloba amis Sesaxeb Sahis winaSe.dedoflis SeSfoTeba SemTxveviTi ar iyo, man kargad icoda mamisxasiaTi. barzabodi, marTlac, mzad yofila `borotis yofadqarTvelTaTvis~, Tumca, sayvareli qaliSvili mainc daindo _ `Seiwyalaasuli Tvisi: ara aiZula dateveba sjulisa, da aRasrula yoveli Txovamisi~. marzpanma asuls mxolod erTi pirobis Sesruleba mosTxova:TviTon arcerT qarTvels iZulebiT ar `daagdebinebda~ qristes sjuls,samagierod qarTlSi gaagzavnida cecxlTayvanismcemlebs maTi rjulismoZRvrebTan erTad da Tu romelime qarTveli Tavisi nebiT airCevdairanelTa religias – cecxlTayvanismcemlobas, xelisufalT misTvisxeli ar unda SeeSalaT.juanSeris sityviT, `sagduxt erCda (emorCileboda, v. g.) mamasaTvissa SiSisagan didisa~, amitom mas uari veRar Sekadra. marTlac,barzabodis mier gamogzavnili cecxlis msaxurni mcxeTaSi `dasxdesmoguTas * ~.12

q. bardadan sagduxt dedoflis gamomgzavrebis Semdeg, aRarcbarzabods ucocxlia didxans. igi gardaicvala da iranis Sahma marzpanadbarzabodis Ze – varaz-bakuri dasva. imave xanSi qarTlSi gardaicvalavaxtangis mamamZuZe saurmag spaspeti. qarTlis spaspetad dedofalmajuanSeri daniSna. saqveyno saqmeebiT dakavebulma dedofalma sagduxtmacecxlTayvanismcemelTa Setevis SeCereba ver SeZlo. gansakuTrebiTcecxlTayvanismcemelTa `episkoposi~ binqarani aqtiurobda. mis qmedebasqarTlis warCinebulni winaaRmdegobas ar uwevdnen. amis gamo `wurilieri~ (e.i. mosaxleobis dabali fenebi) miiqca mravalicecxlismsaxurebas... Seeria qarTls wurilsa ersa cecxlmsaxureba~,`amisTvis mwuxare iyo sagduxt dedofali~, magram `mZlavrobisagansparsTa veras ikadrebda~, Tumca imdeni mainc SeZlo, rom bizantiidanmoiyvana `mRdeli WeSmariti~ miqaeli da qarTlis eklesiis meTauraddaadgina.dedoflis mier gadadgmulma nabijma gaamarTla. miqael episkoposimedgrad aRudga win cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Zaladobas _ `aswavebdayovelTa qarTvelTa sjulsa WeSmaritsa~. is-is iyo qveyanaSi religiuriviTareba sasikeTod Seicvala, rom qarTlis mosaxleobam Crdilokavkasiidan didi Tavdasxma ganicada.roca vaxtangi 10 wlisa gaxda (e.i. daaxloebiT 441 wels), Crdilokavkasiidan darialis gziT `gadmovides ovsni spani uricxuni~ damoaoxres qveyana mtkvris saTaveebidan xunanamde (es cixe-qalaqisaerisTavos centri iyo da samefos ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSi md.mtkvris marjvena napirze mdebareobda). momxdurebma kaspis garda cixeqalaqebiver aiRes. kaspidan ki vaxtangis da miranduxti gaitaces.qarTlSi CrdiloelTa laSqrobis Tanadroulad, bizantielebidasavleT saqarTveloSi (egrisis samefoSi) SeiWrnen da daipyresteritoria `egriswyliTgan vidre cixe-gojamde~. es ori laSqroba, raTqma unda, erTi didi samxedro operaciis Semadgeneli nawilebi iyo.aseTi daskvnis safuZvels iZleva VI s-is bizantieli avtoris komitmarcelinusis `qronikaSi~ arsebuli cnoba 441 wels bizantiasa da iransSoris zavis dadebis Sesaxeb. zavis dadebis win – 438 wels iranistaxtze iezdigerd II-is asvlis Semdeg bizantiasa da irans SorisurTierToba daiZaba. 440 wels ki iranis armia bizantiis sazRvrebsmiadga. aseT viTarebaSi, rogorc Cans, bizantiam saswrafod miiRo zomebi.imperiam, armiis magistrosebis (mxedarTmTavrebis) _ anatolisa daasparis sardlobiT aRmosavleTSi laSqari gamoagzavna, xoloamierkavkasiis iranul samflobeloebSi Crdilo kavkasiidan hunebisa daosebis SemoWriT irans saqme gaurTula. osebisa da hunebis gasadevnad,qarTlSi iranis laSqari Semovida. amiT unda aixsnas, Crdilo kavkasiidanSemosulebma kaspis garda, verc erTi cixe rom ver aiRes, Tumca didinadavli igdes xelT da darubandis gziT ukan gabrundnen.13

441 wlisaTvis, aRmosavleT evropaSi hunebi ukve karga xnismosulebi iyvnen. maT Crdilo kavkasiis velebic ekavaT. Zveli qarTveliavtori qarTlSi SemoWril xalxs, marTalia, osebs uwodebs, magramSemoseulTa ZiriTadi nawili, cnobili hunTa beladis atilasdaqvemdebarebaSi myofi da misi samflobelos aRmosavleT nawilSidamkvidrebuli hunebi unda yofiliyvnen.amierkavkasiaSi atilas qveSevrdomi hunebis laSqrobis ambavi,bizantielma diplomatma da istorikosma priskos panielma 448 welsatilas banakSi yofnisas Seityo. mas uTxres, rom Savi zRvisCrdiloeTiT mdebare velebidan wamosuli hunebi 15 dReSi amierkavkasiaSiSeiWrneno. aseTi swrafi tempiT amierkavkasiaSi gamolaSqreba hunebs, raTqma unda, bizantiis xelisufalTa moTxovniT, saTanado sazRaurissafasurad unda moewyoT. Savi zRvis Crdilo velze momTabarehunebisaTvis, rogorc kavkasiis zekarebi, ise amierkavkasiis gzebi ucnobiiqneboda. am mxriv, maTTvis gzis maCveneblebi osebi iqnebodnen.miranduxtis adgilsamyofelic maTve unda scodnodaT.dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantielTa mier `egris-wyliTgan vidrecixe-gojamde~ teritoriis dapyrobam, xolo aRmosavleTSi osebiswinamZRolobiT hunTa gamanadgurebelma laSqrobam `yovelTa zedaqarTvelTa~ didi `glova da wuxili~ gamoiwvia. datrialebulubedurebas `RmrTisa mimarT~ codvebis gamravlebiT xsnidnen. qarTlissamefos yvela mesveuri erTi azrisa iyo: pirvel rigSi osebze undaeZiaT Suri, Semdeg ezrunaT bizantielebisagan warTmeuli teritoriebisdabrunebaze.gadioda wlebi, `vaxtang izrdeboda da iswavlida miqaelepiskoposisagan yovelsa mcnebasa uflisasa~, iwrToboda samxedrosaqmeSi. axalgazrda ufliswuli didad wuxda qarTlis mosaxleobisdabal fenebSi cecxlTayvanismcemloba rom mZlavrobda, magram `sparsTamZlavrobis~ gamo verafers ambobda. amasobaSi vaxtangi TxuTmeti wlisagaxda.446 wels 15 wlis mefem pirvelad moiwvia darbazi, romelic mciresaxalxo kreba ufro iyo. esaa erT-erTi uZvelesi monaTxrobi, romelSicV s-is SuaxanebSi qarTlis samefo saxlSi gamarTuli darbazobismimdinareobaa gadmocemuli.mefem `mouwoda yovelTa warCinebulTa qarTlisaTa, da Semokribnayovelni qalaqad~. sadarbazod gaamzada erTi saxli, dajda `saydarTazeda maRalTa~, gverdiT _ `saydarsave~ dasxdnen juanSer spaspeti daorive episkoposi (e.i. qristianTa da cecxlTayvanismcemelTa). `sxuaniyovelni erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa~ (e.i. selis baliSebze), aTasis-Tavni, asis-Tavni da yoveli eri fexze idga.TxuTmeti wlis mefem, Tavisi asakis Seufereblad `viTarcaaRzrdilman filosofosTa Tana~ maRali xmiT ganacxada: mefisa da eris14

(xalxis) winaSe maSin moawevs gansacdeli, roca morwmuneni RmerTsmsaxurebas akleben da mama-papaTa sarwmunoebisagan gadauxveven. aseTviTarebaSi xalxi Cavardeba iseT gansacdelSi, rogorSic Cven varT. rocakeTili mama (mSobeli) zrdis Svils keTili saqmeebisTvis, Svili undakeTil gzaze daayenos, magram Svilma Tu keTilad ar Seismina mSoblismiTiTeba, maSin mSobeli itanjeba. aseve `guwurTna Cven RmerTman~, _dasZina mefem.amis Semdeg, mefem didebulebs mimarTa: marTalia, me yrma var daCemgan keTili saqmeebi ar ginaxavT, magram ginaxavT winaparTa didiTavdadeba. dRes, rogorc me, ise Tqven didi gansacdelis winaSe varT.unda `viZioT Suri ovsTa zeda~. es ubedureba rom sparselebis anberZnebisagan modiodes kidev moviTmendiT, magram ubedureba `mowevnilars Cuen zeda ovsTa kicxTagan~ (damamcirebeli terminia, v. g.), amitom`ara xams daTmena: sikudili sjobs TavTa CuenTaTvis~.mefis Semdeg juanSer spaspeti wamodga fexze da mefes mimarTa:`cxovndi mefeo ukunisamde didebiT da mterTa SenTa zeda nebaaRsrulebiTmefeo Sen umjobesi yovelTa mefeTa qarTlisaTa~ xar,`msgavsi nebroT * gmirisa~, RmerTma gamogaCina Cven winamZRvrad, Cven Zvelda axal WirTa (ubedurebaTa) gansaqarveblad. am xuTi wlisganmavlobaSi, Seni yrmobisas did mwuxarebaSi viyaviT ovsTaganmiyenebuli Seuracxyofis gamo. aqamde Tu ar SegeZlo mxedrobas winwaZRolodi da arc samefos saqmeebs ganagebdi, amjerad `srul xarsibrZniTa da ZaliTa, simxniTa da asakiTa~, Tumca, jer kidev araa JamiTavi safrTxeSi Caigdo. Cveni survilia romelime Cvengani SearCio `spaTawinamZRvrad~, Sen ki aq darCi qveynis meTaurad, rom damarcxebisSemTxvevaSi qveyanas Sen mixedo.juanSer spaspetis am sityvebs erTxmad daeTanxmnen qarTliswarCinebulni da erisTavebi. magram mefe daTmobas ar apirebda. mefemsapasuxod miugo: `yovelni dReni cxorebisa Cemisani mwuxarebasa Sinadamiyofia~, Cemi dis sibraluliT guli meleva, TiTqos cecxlismaxviliT viyo dakodili. aseT sicocxles sikvdili mirCevnia – RmerTismindobiTa da jvris winamZRolobiT wamoval – ar gamwiravs RmerTi damomcems Zalas.mas Semdeg, rac darbazobaze erTxmad gadawyda Crdilo kavkasiaSilaSqroba, modarbazeni saxlebSi gabrundnen, raTa laSqrobisaTvismomzadebuliyvnen.zemoT iTqva, rom im xanaSi qarTli da albaneTi bardaSi mjdommarzpans eqvemdebareboda. aseTi didi laSqrobis mosawyobad aucilebeliiyo marzpanis varaz-bakuris Tanxmoba. da vaxtangmac `waravlinamociquli~ da `auwya laSqroba ovseTisa da iTxova misgan Sewevna~.marzpani valdebuli iyo aseT laSqrobaSi Tavisi samxedro ZalebiTmieRo monawileoba. varaz-bakurma vaxtangs 12 000 mxedari gamougzavna.15

TviT mefem ki `mouwoda yovelTa spaTa qarTlisaTa~, sul cota xanSiqarTlis saerisTavoTa laSqari `Seikriba~ da `daibanakes muxnars daxerks, amier da imier aragusa~. mematianes cnobiT, im xanad qarTlidanasi aTasi mxedari da samoci aTasi qveiTi Segrovda. varaz-bakuris miergamogzavnil mxedrobasTan erTad 172 aTasi meomari Seikriba. roca mefemlaSqari daaTvaliera, `moewona simravle, cxenkeTiloba damokazmuloba~, rac mTavaria, yoveli meomari iyo mxned, `savseni iyvnesSuriTa ovsTaTa~, uxarodaT, bolos da bolos rom dadga dro, rocamters samagieros gadauxdidnen.molaSqreTa sabrZolvelad aseTi mzadyofnis gamo, mefemac gaixara,`madloba Seswira RmerTs~ molaSqreTa SemarTebisaTvis. amis Semdeg, mefemcxeTaSi dabrunda da `aRasrula Svideuli erTi * locviTa da marxviTa,Ramis TeviTa~. Semdeg glaxakT didZali saboZvari dauriga. samefosgamgebloba ki dedas da ufros das – xuaranZes daavala.darbazobaze, juanSer spaspeti mefes imitom urCevda laSqrobaSi arwasuliyo, rom misi daRupvis SemTxvevaSi, qveyana mefis gareSe rCeboda.yvelaferi es, ra Tqma unda, kargad uwyoda vaxtang mefem. amitom,rodesac samefos marTva-gamgebloba dedasa da das daavala, saidumloanderZic dawera da dedas gadasca. am anderZis Sesaxeb sxvas araferi arunda scodnoda. anderZSi vaxtangi werda: `ukueTu arRara Semoviqcecocxali, dai Cemi xuaranZe SeirTos mirian... man ipyras mefoba~.anderZSi dasaxelebuli miriani, juanSeris ganmartebiT, vaxtangismamis Zmiswuli iyo. ai, es miriani datova mcxeTaSi, laSqrobaSi arwaiyvana da Tu vaxtangi ver dabrundeboda, mas unda daekavebina qarTlistaxti.vaxtangis mamas – mefe mirdats Zma ar hyavda. juanSeri ki vaxtangisTanamedrove mirians, vaxtangis `mamis Zmiswulad~ ixseniebs. undaganvmarto, rom igulisxmeba Soreuli Zmiswuloba anu mefeTa gverdiTiSto.axla isev osebis winaaRmdeg laSqrobis ambavs davubrundeT. samefosaqmeebis mogvarebis Semdeg, vaxtangi TianeTs dadga. iq SeuerTdnen mas`yovelni mefeni kavkasiisani~ ormocdaaTi aTasi mxedriT da darialisgavliT Sevidnen osTa miwaze. juanSeris sityviT, `Seslvasa missaovseTad iyo vaxtang wlisa Tequsmetisa~ _ e. i. 447 weli idga.vaxtangis Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqrobis Sesaxeb osebs, ra Tqma unda,windawin ecodinebodaT da vaxtangis laSqars mdinaris pirasmomzadebulni daxvdnen (maT, rogorc Cans, hunebi daixmares). mdinarismeore napirze vaxtang mefis laSqari dadga (laSqari md. Tergis napirzeganlagda). mdinaris orive napirze `iyvnes qarafni kldisani~, aseve`Walakni da velovanni~. Svidi dRe emzadeboda orive laSqarigadamwyveti brZolisaTvis. manamde ki yoveldRe bumberazTa brZolebiimarTeboda.16

osTa mier hunebisagan daqiravebul laSqarSi iyo `kaci erTigoliaTi~ saxelad Tarxani. pirvelad brZolis velze swored isgamovida da xmamaRla ganacxada: mefis laSqarSi vinc uZlieresadTvlida Tavs, mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gasuliyo.Tarxanis mowodebaze, im laSqridan, romelic vaxtang mefes biZamqarTl-albaneTis marzpanma gamougzavna, gamovida erTi meomari – farsmanfaruxi.misi mowinaaRmdege brZolaSi aravin iyo, mas mravaljer lomicki hyavda xeliT Sepyrobilio, _ wers juanSeri. ai, es goliaTi gavidaTarxanis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. yviriliT `mietevnes urTierTs~,magram pirvelive Setakebisas Tarxanma daaswro _ `uxeTqna xmalifarsman-faruxsa Cabalaxsa zeda, da ganupo Tavi vidre beWTamde~.am Setakebis mxilveli vaxtang mefe da misi laSqari Sewuxda,radgan mis laSqarSi aravin darCa msgavsi farsman-faruxisa.gailia is dRe. vaxtangi Sevida Tavis karavSi `dadga locvad dacremliT evedreboda RmerTsa~. gaTenebamde iloca _ `iTxovdaRmerTisgan Sewevnas~.gaTenda Tu ara, Tarxani kvlav moadga mdinaris napirs da moiTxovakidev gasuliyo vinme vaxtangis laSqridan masTan Sesabmelad.mefem ganacxada, rom TviT gavidoda `brZolad Tarxanisa~. meo, _aRniSna mefem, _ moimede var ara mxolod Cemi Zalisa da Cemi simxnisa,`mindobiTa RmrTisaTa~ gavimarjvebo. mefis gadawyvetilebamwarCinebulebi gaakvirva, mravaljer sTxoves uari eTqva orTabrZolaze,radgan yrma iyo da ar hqonda saTanado sabrZolo gamocdileba. magramrogorc Cans, man kargad Seiswavla brZolis xelovneba Tavisi mamamZuZissaurmag spaspetisagan. sabrZolvelad gasvlis win igi gadmovida cxenidan`Tayuanis-ca RmerTsa~, raTa misi Semwe yofiliyo. vaxtangis danaxvazeTarxanma daiZaxa: `me goliaTTa da gmirTa gamocdilTa mbrZoli var, daara ymawuilTa~-o. am sityvebTan erTad moqiSpeebi `mietevnes urTierTas~.axalgazrda vaxtangi, ra Tqma unda, Tarxanze swrafi iyo, amitompirvelsave Serkinebisas man sca Subi `sartyelsa zeda~ Tarxans.saWurvelma ver gauZlo dartymas da Subi zurgamde Caeso – Tarxaniusulod daeca miwaze.qarTvelTa laSqari xmamaRla zeimobda axalgazrda mefis pirvelgmirul gamarjvebas – uZleveli Tarxanis damarcxebas. TviT mefe kvlavgadmoxta cxenidan da `Tayvanis-ca RmerTsa~, Semdeg Tarxans TavimokveTa, Sejda Tavis bedaurze da qarTvelTa laSqars mieaxla. yovelimolaSqre maRali xmiT qebas asxamda mefes da aseve RmerTs swiravdamadlobas.orTabrZolebi Tarxanis sikvdiliT ar damTavrebula. meore dRes`gamovida bumberazi ovsTagan, romelsa erqva bayaTar~. am bayaTarso, _wers juanSeri, winaaRmdegobas veravin uwevdao. da ai, es bayaTarimoadga diliT mdinares da xmamaRla daiwyo yvirili: vaxtang mefe nu17

galaRdebi Tarxanze gamarjvebiT. ar iyo is goliaTTa sadari, amitommoikla ymawvilis mier. axla me SemebrZole, Cems ficxel Setevas vergadaurCebi. Tu ginda Seni laSqridan sxva gamovides, amisTvisac mzadvaro.mefem bayaTars SesZaxa: me Tarxans aramarto Cemi ZaliTa vZlie,`aramed ZaliTa dambadeblisa CemisaTa~ _ me Seni ar meSinia, rogorcerTi ZaRlisa. am sityvebis Semdeg mefem Tavisi laSqari sabrZolveladgaamzada. TviTon ki `aRjda taiWsa (cxens, v. g.) SeWurvilsa javSniTa~,`aRiRo fari misi vigris * tyavisa, romelsa ver hkveTda maxvili~, miadgamdinares da bayaTars SesZaxa: me mefe var, ar gadmoval mdinareze, armiveaxlebi osTa spas. Sen ki mona xar, gadmodi mdinaris aqeT.bayaTari daTanxmda da Tan mefes sTxova, napiridan ukan daexia samiutevani (erTi utevani 125 nabijia). vaxtangi ukudga, bayaTari gadmovidamdinaris meore napirze da daiwyo isrebis srola. vaxtangi iridebdaisrebs, mdinaris orive napirze mdgar laSqarSi iyo `cema bukisa dadabdabTa~. iseTi xmauri idga, rom `iZrvodes mTani da borcuni~.bayaTaris nasroli isrebisgan mxolod ori moxvda vaxtangis fars.bayaTaris isrebma farSi ver gaaRwies, samagierod misi nasroli erTiisari vaxtangis cxens moxvda. amasobaSi vaxtangi miiWra bayaTarTan davidre cxeni daecemoda, `uxeTqna xrmalni mxarsa bayaTarissa da CahkueTavidre gulamde~.amis Semdeg, qveiTebi da cxenosnebi osTa winaaRmdeg daiZrnen.cxen-Torosnebma aiares Tu ara qarafis gza da vakeze avidnen, maTmihyvnen qveiTni, mxedrebi da iq gaZlierda brZola. pirvel rigebSiibrZoda vaxtang mefe. juanSeris sityviT, mefe `marjueniT-kerZi~(mxares, v.g.) Tu `marcxeniT-kerZi~ ibrZoda, mowinaaRmdegeni yvelganSiSiT Zrwodnen. mefis lomisebr xmas yvela cnobda. mefis gverdiT mxnedibrZoda ori gamorCeuli mxedari: `artavaz ZuZumte, Ze saurmagspaspetisa da bivritian sefewuli * ~.osTa laSqarma veRar gauZlo qarTvelTa Setevas _ `iZlivnes osnida ivltoda (gaiqca, v.g.) banaki maTi~. gaqceuli osebi qarTvelebmamravlad daatyveves, raTa qarTlidan wayvanil tyveebSi gaecvalaT.devnidan ukanmobrunebulma qarTvelma molaSqreebma isev mdinaris pirasdaibanakes. sami dRe daisvenes. Semdeg Sevidnen oseTis teritoriaze daSemusres cixe-qalaqni, mravali tyve da uricxvi alafi igdes xelT.osTa damorCilebis Semdeg, vaxtangis laSqari jiqeTSi Sevida dakvlav oseTSi dabrunda. vaxtangis despanebma kavkasiis mTebSiTavSefarebuli osTa beladebi moixmes da dazavdnen. amis Semdegvaxtangis umcrosi da _ miranduxti gamoixsnes. vaxtang mefe uamravityviTa da alafiT mobrunda oseTidan. es laSqroba 4 Tves gagrZelda.jer kidev Crdilo kavkasiaSi yofnisas, mefem laSqrobidangaaTavisufla is Tormeti aTasi mxedari, romelic mas varz-bakurma18

daaxmara. `niWiTa didiTa~ (didi saboZvrebiT) gaaTavisufla `mefenikavkasianTani~. Tavisi dai, mravali tyve darialis gziT qarTlSigamoistumra, TviT ki qarTvelTa laSqriT `gzasa afxazeTisasa~ daadga.447 wels Crdilo kavkasiidan qarTvelTa laSqriT vaxtang mefedasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida da sami wlis manZilze afxazeTis yvelacixe aiRo `vidre cixe-gojamde * ~. 450 welisTvis gamarjvebuli vaxtangimcxeTaSi dabrunda. gamarjvebul mefes didi sixaruliT miegebnen dedada debi, `simravle qalaqisa~ qali da kaci Tavis samoss ufenda mefes,xmamaRla SesZaxodnen mefes sadidebel sityvebs, radgan manamde, aseTigamarjveba arc erT mefes ar moepovebina.mefem madloba Seswira RmerTs, glaxakT saboZvari dauriga, ubralomeomrebi da warCinebuli mxedrebi, romlebmac oseTSi laSqrobisas TavigamoiCines, didi saboZvriT daajildova. saTanado ZRveni gaugzavnaqarTl-albaneTis marzpans – varaz-bakursa da iranis Sahs. SahTanbinqaran `episkoposi~ waravlina da `iTxova sparsTa mefisagan asulicolad~.im xanad iranis taxtze iezdigerd II ijda. vaxtang mefis pirvelimeuRle – balenduxti misi asuli iyo Tu ara, danamdvilebiT arafrisTqma ar SeiZleba. balenduxtisagan SeeZina mefes qal-vaJi – daCi da misityupiscali da, TviT balenduxti ki daaxlovebiT 455 welsmSobiarobisas gardaicvala.rac Seexeba vaxtangis dasavleT saqarTveloSi laSqrobas, im xanadzRvispira teritoria bizantiis gavlenaSi iyo. es teritoria maT,vaxtang mefis mcirewlovnobisas miitaces. amjerad vaxtangis laSqrobisSedegad, es mxare egrisis samefos daubrunda. rogorc varaudoben,vaxtangis moqmedeba dasavleT saqarTveloSi iran-bizantiis omis erTepizodad unda iqnas miCneuli. V s-is 50-60-ian wlebSi egrisis samefoiranis gavlenaSi myofi qveyana iyo.iranis Sahma balenduxt dedofals mziTvad `somxiTi * da yovelnimefeni kavkasianni~ misca. Sahi vaxtang mefisadmi gamogzavnil werilSi,mas bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi monawileobas sTxovda.garda imisa, rom vaxtangi iranis Sahis siZe iyo, im xanad qarTlissamefo, rogorc iTqva, iranis gavlenaSi myof qveynad iTvleboda, amitomvaxtang mefem Sahis moTxovnaze uari ver Tqva. laSqrobas bizantiisimperiis winaaRmdeg seriozuli momzadeba da didi Zalebi sWirdeboda.laSqrobaSi, faqtobrivad iranis Crdilo nawilSi Semavali qveynebimonawileobdnen. laSqrobis saerTo xelmZRvanelad qarTl-albaneTismarzpani varaz-bakuri dainiSna.am laSqrobis Sedegad, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, vaxtang mefembizantielTa mier mitacebuli teritoriebi daibruna.bizantiis winaaRmdeg mowyobili am laSqrobis Sesaxeb yvelazevrceli Txroba juanSeris `vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSi~ gvaqvs. Tu19

miviCnevT, rom juanSeri mis mier aRwerili laSqrobis monawile daTviTmxilveli iyo, juanSeris cnobebi bizantiis istoriisTvisacunikalurad unda CaiTvalos (V-VI ss. bizantiel avtorebs am omisSesaxeb, arapirdapiri cnobebi aqvT).laSqris mier ganvilil gzas, juanSeri or etapad warmogvidgens: 1.gza mcxeTidan bizantiis sasazRvro cixe-qalaq karnu qalaqamde * (igiveTeodosiopoli); 2. saomari moqmedebebi TviT imperiis teritoriaze.am laSqrobis dawyebisas vaxtangi 22 wlisa iyo. e. i. 453 wels`waremarTa vaxtang Seslvad saberZneTad da miiwivnes somxiTs daSevidnen peroJa-kafas * ~. aq moxda laSqris Tavmoyra. aqedan gaemarTnenkarnu-qalaqisaken.qarTlidan bizantiis Suagulisaken mimavalma laSqarma aRmosavleTiTrom daiwyo moZraoba, es erTi mxriv imiT iyo gamarTlebuli, rom aqgadioda uZvelesi `gza ranisa~ (gza adarbadaganisa – aqemenianTa * xanisyofili `samefo gzis~ Crdilo ganStoeba), meore mxriv ki imiT, romalbaneTSi iyo Tavmoyrili iranis Crdilo nawilis ZiriTadi Zalebi.im dros TviT karnu-qalaqi kargad gamagrebuli samgalavnianicixesimagre iyo (Teodosiopoli 450 wels gardacvlil imperatoroeodosios II-is pativisacemad ewoda). molaSqreebma es qalaqi ver aiRes.mocdac ar SeiZleboda, amitom qalaqis moalyed ori erisTavi datoves12 000 mxedariT, danarCeni laSqriT imperiis Suagulisaken gaemarTnen.laSqarma gzad aiRo da moaoxra qalaqebi: anZoreTi, ekleci, steri.mcire aziis Sida raionebidan laSqari gavida zRvispiras da miadga`pontosa qalaqsa didsa zRvis kidesa~.mkvlevrebs am bolo xanamde, `ponto qalaqad~ q. trapizoni miaCndaT.magram, rogorc gairkva, `ponto qalaqi~ q. sinopia * , romelic Zvelipontos samefos dedaqalaqi iyo.am qalaqs alya Semoartyes da sami Tve ibrZodnen mis asaRebad. samiTvis ganmavlobaSi marbieli laSqari ufro daSorebul adgilebSicgavida. laSqarSi myofi iranelebi sadac `hpovebdes eklesiisa msaxurTa,dahklavdis~. vaxtang mefem iranelTa aseTi moqmedeba ar moiwona. maniranelebi da somxebic gaafrTxila RvTismsaxurebi ar moeklaT, radgan`Cuenc varT sjulsa zeda berZenTasa, aRmsarebel qristesa~,qristianisagan qristianis mokvla did codvad iTvlebao, aswavlida maTmefe.q. sinopTan ucxo qveynebis laSqris yofnas bizantiis xelisuflebacxadia, didxans ver moiTmenda. saimperatoro xelisuflebam saTanadozomebic miiRo. vaxtang mefes moaxsenes, rom maT winaaRmdeg `pontosgziT~ (e.i. zRvis pirze gamovliT) didi laSqari moemarTeboda. zRvazeki 500 xomaldi mocuravda. mefem saswrafod gaanaliza SeqmniliviTareba da varaz-bakurTan SeTanxmebiT, gadawyvita alya moexsnaT daaRmosavleTiT daexiaT.20

q. sinopis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, laSqris iq datoveba,marTlac, saSiSi iyo. zRviT mosuli bizantielTa laSqari Tu maTaRmosavleTiT, zRvispirze gadmosxdeboda, xolo xmeleTiT momavalilaSqari dasavleTidan sinops moadgeboda, varaz-bakuris laSqari,swored xafangSi moemwyvdeoda.saqme isaa, rom Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiros gaswvriv, samxreTkavkasiis mTebidan Trakiis bosforis sanapiromde gadaWimulia farTo daZnelad gasasvleli mTagrexili, romelic gansakuTrebiT maRalia SavizRvis aRmosavleT sanapirosTan. zRvis sanapiros mcire aziis SidaraionebTan, – kerZod q. amasiasTan mxolod q. amisosze (axland. q.samsuni) gamavali gza akavSirebs, romelic erTaderTi Ria kari iyo didilaSqris gadasaadgileblad. es, Cans, kargad icoda qarTvelTa mefem. TuzRviT mosuli bizantielTa laSqari am gasasvlels daikavebda, sinopTanmdgomi varaz-bakuris laSqari dasavleTisaken qveynis siRrmeSi veRarSevidoda. samxreTiT gauvali mTebi iyo, xolo CrdiloeTiT zRva. amitom`aRiyara laSqari garemos qalaqisa, da vles xuTisa dRisa savalisamxriT kerZo, da dadges speriT kerZo~.q. sinopidan ukandaxevis Semdeg brZola bizantielebTan radgan mainczRvispiras moxda, Cans laSqarma swored zemoxsenebul gasasvlelisakendaixia.mas Semdeg, rac q. sinops alya moxsnes, vaxtang mefem brZana tyveebigaeTavisuflebinaT. mefem aseve `ganavlina qadagi~, raTa xalxisamalavebidan gamosuliyo da `gamovida simravle mRdelTa da diakonTa,moweseTa monazonTa da enkratisTa (e. i. monazoni qalebi, v.g.), qvabebiTda mTaTagan~. maT Soris iyo `petre mRdeli... da samoel monazoni~ (imxanad petre, grigol RvTismetyvelis saflavze aSenebuli eklesiismRvdeli iyo). isini warsdgnen vaxtang mefis winaSe da madlobamoaxsenes tyveebis gaTavisuflebisaTvis. mefem im tyveebs, romelTacsiaruli ar SeeZloT, `misca saxedrebi, xolo WabukTa sam-sami drahkani *da ganuteva~.mefis aseTi damokidebuleba pontos mosaxleobisadmi, mxolod misiqristianuli moraliT ar aixsneba. man kargad icoda ponto-kapadokiismosaxleobis didi nawilis qarTuli warmomavloba. petre da samoelimis TvalSi qarTvelebi iyvnen. mefem isini TavisTan daitova dareligiur sakiTxebze saubrisas, maT vaxtang gorgasalze iseTiSTabeWdileba moaxdines, rom mefem petre qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosaddasaxa (petres Semdeg kaTalikosis taxti samoelma daikava). maTiSuamdgomlobiT dado mefem zavi bizantielebTan.radgan varaz-bakuri am zavs ar SeuerTda, gadamwyveti brZolabizantielebsa da varaz-bakuris laSqars Soris zRvasTan mdinarisSesarTavTan (xerTvisi) moxda. juanSeris Tanaxmad, es iyo `zRvis kide,romel ars Walaki, riye xerTvisisa~.21

specialurad Seviswavle am xerTvisis adgilmdebareoba. Zvelad`xerTvisi~ (esaa sityva `erTvis~ _ `xanmeti~ forma) ori mdinaris, anzRvasTan mdinaris SesarTavs niSnavda. swored aseT adgils warmoqmnis q.samsunTan zRvasTan SesarTavSi md. mered-irmaqi. zafxulSi, radgan ammdinaris yvela Senakadi Sreba, iq, sadac igi zRvas erTvis riyewarmoiqmneba. mdinare sanam zRvas SeureTdeba, daaxloebiT 13 km. vakezemiedineba. aq misi napirebi dabalia, ris gamoc gazafxuliswyaldidobebisas mdinaris wyali kalapotidan gadmodioda da zRvissanapiros mimdebare vakes faravda. wyliT daWaobebul teritoriazelerwami izrdeboda. wyaldidobisas warmoqmnil gubeebSi darCeniliwyali q. amisos (samsunis) havaze moqmedebda, ris gamoc maisis bolodanoqtombris damdegamde qalaqsa da mis SemogarenSi ciebis (cieb-cxeleba)epidemia vrceldeboda. ai, swored am adgilebSi moxda brZola 456 wlisSemodgomaze bizantielebsa da varaz-bakuris laSqars Soris.bizantielebTan zavis dadebis gamo, qarTvelTa laSqarma brZolaSimonawileoba ar miiRo. iqneb, amanac ganapiroba is, rom `iZlia banakiaRmosavleTisa~. brZolaSi daiRupa varaz-bakuri, lekTa mefe ipajaji damravali sxva. ase rom, zRvis piras `xerTvisis riyeze~ momxdari brZola`aRmosavleTis banakisaTvis~ metad sisxlismRvreli gamodga, racbizantiur sinamdvileSic aisaxa.`aRmosavleTis laSqris~ bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqroba riyezebrZoliT ar dasrulebula. bizantielTa erT-erTma sardalma –palekarposma vaxtang mefe orTabrZolaSi gaiwvia; rogorc Cans,bizantielebma ifiqres, isini Tu qarTvelTa laSqarsac daamarcxebdnen,maSin sazavo molaparakebisas dadebuli pirobebisagan Tavisufaliiqnebodnen. vaxtang mefe daTanxmda orTabrZolas. man `aRmoixada xrmalida SeamTxvia jvarsa~, gavida sabrZolo rigebs Soris da Tqva: lomi daxari ar ebrZvian erTmaneTs, rameTu me mefe var da Sen mona. am sityvebiswarmoTqmisTanave _ `moeteva palekarpos~, orive meomari iseTi xmiTyviroda, rom maTi xma quxils hgavda, `dasca laxuari palekarpos farsavaxtangissa~, vigris tyavis farSi ganvlo laxvarma erTi wyrTa * .radganac laxvaris simsxo iyo viTar mklavi kacisa, mefem fari miatovalaxvarze, `mieteva pirispir, da sca xmali Cabalaxsa zeda ganapo Tavimisi vidre beWTamde~. amis Semdeg, `mietevnes spani vaxtangisani spaTaberZenTasa, da aotes igini,... da miawyudines zRvis pirsa~. maTgan arvingadarCa, garda imisa, vinc moaswro zRvaSi mdgar navebze gadasvla _`ivltodes naviTa~. am gamarjvebis Semdeg Semobrunda vaxtangis spa _`mivides guamsa zeda varaz-bakurissa, vaxtangis dedis Zmisasa, iglovdesda Semures igi sabriTa (erTgvari balaxia, v.g.) da muriTa (erTgvarisurnelovani zeTi, v.g.) da warsces bardavad~.zemoaRniSnuli brZoliT dasrulda 456 wlis Semodgomaze bizantiiswinaaRmdeg samwliani (453-456 ww.) laSqroba. vaxtangis gamarjvebis22

miuxedavad, es omi bizantiur wyaroSi imperator markianes drosaRmosavlelTa laSqris damarcxebad iqna miCneuli.imperatori markiane gardacvalebamde mwoliare avdmyofi iyo da 457w. 26 ianvars gardaicvala. juanSeris cnobiT ki, zavis dadebaSi, radganbizantiis imperatori monawileobda, ufro sarwmunoa, zavi qarTvelmefesTan markianes Semdeg saimperatoro taxtze asul leons daedo (levI 457-474 ww. leoni im xanad bizantiis laSqars sardlobda). sworedmisi asuli iyo vaxtangis meore meuRle – dedofali elene da misganSeZenil erT-erT vaJs vaxtang mefem simamris saxeli leoni daarqva(elenesagan naSob meore vaJs vaxtangis mamis saxeli – mirdati erqva).leoni da vaxtang mefe advilad SeTanxmdnen sazavo pirobebze. zavispirobiT: `ukumosca keisarman sazRvari qarTlisa, cixe Tuxarisi daklarjeTi yoveli, zRviTgan vidre arsianTamde da xevni romelnimosdgmanan RadoTa~ (vaxuStis Tanaxmad, esaa `mTa fersaTi, lomsiaTwodebuli~). Semdeg imperatorma gamoikiTxa, Tu sad gadiodabizantielTa sazRvari afxazeTSi (rogorc vnaxeT, es teritoriabizantielebma 441 wels daikaves, xolo 447-450 wlebSi vaxtang mefemkvlav daibruna). es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, Zalian kargad icodabizantiis mxarem. amitom leonma vaxtangs uTxra: `egris wyliTgan(iTvleba, rom es aris RaliZga, v.g.) vidre mdinaremde mcirisaxazareTisa * – ese sazRvari ars saberZneTisa... romeli Sen migiRiamklaviTa Cuengan~. axla is ukan mogveci da roca Cems asuls coladwaiyvan, mas mziTvad mivcemo. e.i. leonma mas samziTvo teritoriad`ganuwesa miwebi: egris wyalsa da klisuras Sua~.isic unda aRiniSnos, rom V s-Si egrisi calke samefo iyo, amitomqarTlis mefis mier iq samxedro operaciebis Catareba, da bolos, misimeuRlis mier mziTvad aRniSnuli teritoriis miReba, ucnaurad armogveCveneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom im xanad, orive qveyana iranisgavlenaSi iyo da vaxtangi iq moqmedebda, rogorc iranis politikisgamtarebeli. sxvadasxva wyaroze dayrdnobiT, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom453 wels bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi egrisic monawileobda.arsebobs cnoba, rom bizantielebma zavi egrisis mefe gubazTanac dades456 wels.ase dasrulda iranis Crdilo mxaris jarebis laSqroba bizantiiswinaaRmdeg. laSqroba qarTlis mefem Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyena: 1.daibruna adre romaelebisagan mitacebuli samxreT-dasavleTisaqarTvelos teritoria (mcxeTaSi momavalma mefem klarjeTis erisTavs– Tavis ZuZumtes artavazs ubrZana SemoerTebul teritoriaze aegoartanujis cixe, gamoenaxa samonastro adgili da iseTi monasteri aegorogoric saberZneTSi ixila); 2. mziTvad miiRo teritoria afxazeTSi; 3.ganimtkica mdgomareoba qarTlSi. Camoicila samefo saxlis moqiSpe Sto.23

vaxtang mefis saimperatoro karTan danaTesaveba, imas niSnavda, romamieridan, qarTli bizantiuri orientaciis qveyana xdeboda, rac iranisSahisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. cxadia, Sahi Seecdeboda qarTlSi iranisgavlena aRedgina. saqme rom ase warimarTeboda, es vaxtang mefemac icoda.amitom qarTlSi dabrunebisTanave, iranelTa mosalodneli Tavdasxmisaganqveynis dacvis samzadiss Seudga: `amagrebda cixeTa da qalaqTa, hkazmidamxedarTa da ganamzedebda brZolad sparsTa~. mefem sxva RonisZiebebicgaatara. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, qarTlis qristiani mosaxleoba binqarancecxlTayvanismcemelTa `episkoposis~ mxridan did zewolas ganicdida.amitom mefem Seagdo `sapyrobilesa Sina binqaran macTuri, episkoposicecxlis msaxurTa, mosrna, ganasxna yovelni cecxlis-msaxurnisazRvarTagan qarTlisaTa~.mefis aseTi RonisZiebani iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas niSnavda.axla vnaxoT ra xdeboda iranSi.roca iranis Sahma gaigo `viTarmed miiqca vaxtang berZenTa kerZo(mxares, v.g.), Seiqca sparseTad da mokuda. dajda mefed Ze misi, da vidremoiwifeboda... warxda (gavida, v.g.) amas Sina weliwadi sami~.iranis Sahi, romelic vaxtangis `Ralatis~ Setyobisas gardaicvalaiezdigerd II iyo (igi 457 wels gardaicvala). taxti misma ufrosma Zem– hormizd III-m daikava, magram mas umcrosi Zma perozi aujanyda. asedaiwyo iranSi Sinaomi. bolos, perozma daxmarebisaTvis Suaaziel hunebs– heftalitebs (igive TeTri hunebi) mimarTa. perozs mxari dauWiresiranelma didgvarovnebmac da orwliani brZolebis Semdeg, hormizd IIImokluli iqna. 459 wels taxtze perozi avida (es Sahi, `SuSanikiswamebaSi~ ixsenieba). sanam perozi SinaomiT aSlil qveyanas moawesrigebda,erTi weli kidev gavida da 460 wels igi `warmoemarTa brZoladvaxtangisa~ _ didi laSqriT qarTls moadga.qarTlSi iranelTa mosalodneli SemoWris Sesaxeb vaxtang mefembizantiis imperatori leoni (levi) adreve gaafrTxila. weriliT igiimperators atyobinebda: `aha dadga dRe, romelic aRmiTquams~,sparselebi ukve qarTlis sazRvarTan arian. me rac aRTqma davde,Sevasrule. sadac cecxlis saxli iyo, yvela movspe, mogvebi satanjvelsmiveci, maTi episkoposi sapyrobileSi Cavsvi da sikvdilis SiSiTgardaixvewa. swrafad gamogzavne damxmare Zala, raTa jvris sarwmunoebismtrebi davamarcxoT. Tu maT gvZlies, kidev ufro gaZlierdebian da SenssazRvarsac moadgebian.roca mefis mociqulma saimperatoro sasaxleSi vaxtangis werilimiitana, aRmoCnda, rom imperatori wasuli iyo saomrad dadasaxmareblad `ver moicalebda~. vaxtang mefes isRa darCa, Semosulmters mxolod qarTlis laSqriT Sebmoda.juanSeri, rogorc qarTlis samefos spaspeti da mcxeTasTanmimdinare brZolebis monawile, detalurad agviwers 460 wels qarTlSi24

SemoWril iranelTa winaaRmdeg gamarTul brZolebs. iranelTaSemoWramde mefes mcxeTaSi – mogvTa ubnidan – armazSi, md. mtkvrismarjvena napirisaken gadebuli xidi gaufarTovebia. mcxeTaSive gamagrdavaxtang mefe da juanSer spaspeti. nasra da mirdat erisTavebi mtkvrismarjvena napirze idgnen `somxiTisa da qarTlisa~ jarTan erTad. sparsTalaSqari dRevandeli didubis midamoebSi dabanakda.brZolebis mimdinareobas juanSeri ase aRwers: Tu brZolebi mtkvrismarjvena napirze gaimarTeboda, qarTvelTa laSqari maT mcxeTidanexmareboda. mcxeTis mxares brZolebi, ZiriTadad, md. aragvis pirasmimdinareobda. xSirad qarTvelTa laSqari mtkvars `tfilisis fonTan~gadakveTda da iq Seebmeboda xolme mters. am brZolebSi xan erTi mxareimarjvebda, xan meore.juanSeris sityviT, swored am brZolebSi hqonda vaxtang mefes`oqros Cabalaxze~ (muzaradze) gamosaxuli `winiT mgeli da ukaniTlomi~. sadac brZolis yvelaze cxeli adgili iyo, vaxtangic iqgaCndeboda xolme da `mosrida sparsTa~.sparselebma daixsomes – mxedari, romelsac muzaradze mgeli dalomi hqonda gamosaxuli – vaxtang mefe iyo. amitom, vaxtangisgamoCenisas yvirodnen: `dur az gorgasal~. es sparsuli sityvebijuanSeris Tanaxmad, niSnavs: `moerideT Tavsa mglisasa~. amis Semdeg`saxel-edva vaxtang mefesa gorgasali~-o wers igi. e. i. 460 welsmcxeTa-TbilisTan iranelTa winaaRmdeg brZolebisas iwoda vaxtang mefe`gorgasalad~ (amis Semdeg, Txrobisas mas mec ase movixsenieb).qarTlSi SemoWril iranelebTan brZola oTxi Tve gagrZelTa. SahislaSqarma arsebiT warmatebas ver miaRwia. brZolebi, albaT, kidevdidxans gagrZeldeboda, bizantiidan imperatoris despani rom armosuliyo. imperatori vaxtang gorgasals atyobinebda, rom misdasaxmareblad leonis sardlobiT 80 000 meomari moemarTeboda (eslaSqari bizantiis samxedro erTeulis _ `Pontica~-s samxedro Zalebiiyo, leoni ki am samxedro erTeulis jarebis sardali). werilismotanisas bizantielTa laSqari ukve javaxeTSi iyo mosuli. es ambavi,ra Tqma unda, iranis SahisaTvis gaxda cnobili. Sahma ukeTesad CaTvalavaxtangs dazaveboda.sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, sazavo molaparakebisas vaxtang gorgasliserT-erTi mTavari moTxovna iyo, SemdegSi, iranelebi qarTlis religiursaqmeebSi aRar Careuliyvnen. Tu Sahi am pirobaze daTanxmdeboda,vaxtangi Sahs pirdeboda, rom mas `mamad da uflad~ miiCnevda. roca Sahsvaxtang mefis moTxovna moaxsenes, man ZRveni gamougzavna mefes da maTSexvedris dro daTqves.amis Semdeg, Sahma ayara laSqari da `ukudga rusTavad~, ganTiadisaski amaliT gamovida da dadga `velsa kalisasa~ (e. i. TbilisSi), xolovaxtangi `dadga jaWus da Sekrbes masve velsa ornive mefeni~.25

Sexvedrebis mesame dRes vaxtang gorgasali da bizantielTa sardalileon anTipati * kvlav Sexvdnen Sahs. vaxtangis SuamdgomlobiT Sahibizantiasac dauzavda. am zaviT, iransa da roms Soris 363 welsdadebuli zavis pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebul sasazRvro xazzeSeTanxmdnen.TbilisTan gamarTuli brZolebis gamo, `tfilisi sofeli da kalacamooxrebuli iyo~, rac imaze migviTiTebs, 460 wlisaTvis Tbilissgalavani rom ar hqonda da jer kidev ar iyo saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebidawyebuli samefo taxtis mcxeTidan TbilisSi gadasatanad.zavis dadebis miuxedavad, Sahs pretenziebi ar eleoda. meore dResveman vaxtang gorgasals Tavisi mobedi (cecxlmsaxuri) gamougzavna,romelmac mefes Sahis danabarebi gamoucxada: `me ise gavarige saqmerogorc Sen gsurda. marTalia, amis gamo me iranis uxucesnigamirisxdebian, radgan isini Cemgan berZnebis damarcxebas moelodnen, meki Seni SuamdgomlobiT, piriqiT, maT Cemi teritoriebi davuTme. axlaCemi saTxovari esaa – Seni da colad momeci, Senc wamodi CemTanqarTvelTa laSqriT Cemi mtrebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelado~ _ Sahivaxtangis umcrosi dis miranduxtis SerTvas iTxovda.Sahis am moTxovnas, bizantielma sardalma leonmac dauWira mxarida Sehpirda samxedro ZaliT daxmarebas. vaxtang gorgasali iZulebuligaxada Sahis Txovnaze daTanxmebuliyo.hunTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad wasvlahunebi, romelTa winaaRmdeg iranelebTan erTad vaxtang gorgasalsqarTvelTa laSqriT unda ebrZola, Sua aziidan indoeTis okeanemde,vrcel teritoriaze batonobdnen, maT winaaRmdeg brZola did drosmoiTxovda, qveyana mefis gareSe rCeboda. ufliswuli daCi 460wlisaTvis jer mxolod 5 wlisa iyo. meti gamosavali ar iyo, vaxtangmefem mas daadga gvirgvini, Svidi warCinebuli Tanamdgomad daniSna – maTSoris iyo `juanSer spaspeti mpyrobeli Sida qarTlisa da mflobeliyovelTa erisTavTa~.vin iyvnen iranis mtrebi, romelTa winaaRmdeg iranelebTan erTadvaxtang gorgasali jorjaneTSi, indoeTSi, sindeTsa da abaSeTSi 8 weliibrZoda?V s-is somexi istorikosebis favstos buzandacisa da eliSescnobebiT, iranis Sahebs aRmosavleTSi gamudmebuli brZolebi hunquSanebTan hqondaT.quSanTa * gaerTianeba zemodasaxelebul teritoriebze ax. w. damdegsCamoyalibda da im xanad Zveli msoflios imperiebs Soris erT-erTiuZlieresi iyo. Semdeg, is daemcro, da iranis Sahebma droebiT misi26

damorCileba SeZles. vaxtangis dros saWiro gaxda xelaxladamorCileba.iranis Sahs perozsa da mefe vaxtangs mcxeTidan Tan gahyvadedofali sagduxti da vaxtangis da xuaranZe, raTa ierusalimis wmidaadgilebi moelocaT. wmida adgilebis monaxulebis Semdeg, isinidaeswrnen Sahis qorwils da umjobesad CaTvales vaxtang mefes q.urhaSi (igive edesa) dalodebodnen.hunebis winaaRmdeg mimavali laSqari q. nisibisSi Seikriba. iq mividavaxtang gorgasali qarTvelTa laSqriT, aseve leoni bizantielTarazmebiT da gaemarTnen kaspiis zRvis aRmosavleT velebze (jorjaneTSi)momTabare Colebis (igive heftalitebi, TeTri hunebi) winaaRmdeg.jorjaneTSi warmatebiT damTavrebuli laSqrobis Semdeg, iranislaSqari indoeTSi gadavida (imJamad iq arsebuli quSanTa saxelmwifosdedaqalaqi huruSapura, axlandeli peSavari iyo). daimorCiles iqaurihunebi, maTgan xarki aiRes da sindeTs miadgnen.Zvel saqarTveloSi sindeTad md. indis qvemo welze arsebuli qveyanaiwodeboda (esaa axlandeli pakistanis teritoria). quSanTa gaerTianebaiq ax. w. III s-Si Seiqmna. perozis laSqars sindTa mefe momzadebulidaxvda. mosaxleoba cixeebsa da qalaqebis galavnebs SigniT iyoSexiznuli. sindTa mefis meomrebi ki moulodneli TavdasxmiT iranelTalaSqars did zians ayenebdnen.sindTa mefe `mxne, goliaTi da SemmarTebuli~, yoveldRe gamodiodasabrZolvelad. man araerT spars bumberazs sZlia. erT Rames, sindTamefis brZanebiT, iseTi ormo amoTxares, Sig aTamde mxedris moTavsebaSeiZleboda. zemodan ise SeniRbes, araferi ar etyoboda. ormos iqiTqalaqis kedlamde mxolod viwro gasasvleli gza datoves. diliT adreerTi sindi meomari sabrZolvelad gamovida. im xanad cixis kars radganqarTvelebi darajobdnen, sind meomarTan sabrZolvelad vaxtang mefisejibi (Zvel saqarTveloSi ejibi samefo sasaxlis msaxurTa ufrossewodeboda) saurmagi gavida. man sind meomars uTxra: `Sen ara xar Rirsimefe SegebrZolos, mona xar da me SegebrZolebi~-o. am sityvebis gamgonesindma mebrZolma Seatriala cxeni da gaqusla. ukan saurmagi daedevna,rodesac sindi meomari, sagangebod datovebul viwro gziT SeniRbulormos gascda, maSin Semoubrunda saurmags. saurmagma mas horoli(laxvari, Subi) sca da mokla, magram, ormodan sindi mxedrebi amovidnenda maTTan brZolaSi saurmagi daiRupa. am ambis Semyure vaxang mefe damisi erisTavebi: artavazi, bivritiani, nasari saswrafod gaeSurnencixisaken, magram ver miaswres – sindma mebrZolebma qalaqis galavansSeafares Tavi. `maSin vaxtang savse mwuxarebiTa~ gamobrunda ukan`iglovda guamsa zeda saurmagisasa viTarca Zmisa sayvarlisasa, rameTuTanazrdil iyo misi~. saurmagi artavazis mamis, vaxtangis mamamZuZis –saurmagis Zmiswuli iyo, mefis `erTguli, misandobeli da queli~.27

sindTa mefem qalaqis galavnidan vaxtangs yvavisa da qoris arakimouTxro. arakis arsi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sindeTis xelmwifem,qristian mefes urwmuno Sahis msaxurebaSi dasdo brali. Tavis mxriv,vaxtangma upasuxa da Tavis qmedeba axsna. man sindeTis mefes amcno romwminda qalaqi ierusalimi gamoixsna, magram Tu sparselebi `mter eqnebianqristianT~, maSin igi mTlianad qristianTa mxareze dadgeboda. bolosvaxtang gorgasali sindTa mefem orTabrZolaSi gamoiwvia. vaxtang mefedaTanxmda. orives xelT horolebi (Subebi) epyraT. daiwyo orTabrZolada `iwyes rbevad mrguliv navardsa~, orive marjve dros eZebda, raTamowinaaRmdegisaTvis Subi eZgerebina. pirvelad es sindTa mefem moaxerxa,magram mefem `simxniTa da sikiskasiTa (e.i. moqnilobiT, v. g.) tanisamisisaTa~ horoli aicila da, sapasuxod Tavisi horoli ise scamarcxena beWSi, rom saWurvelis simagrem ver gauZlo da Subis pirierTi wyrTa win gavida. cxenidan Camovardnil sindTa mefesTan miiWravaxtangi fexSi xeli staca da iranis Sahis win miaTria.am ambis Semyure sparsTa mefe da `yoveli banaki misi~ sixaruliTaRivso, `yovelman spaman xmiTa maRliTa SesZaxes qeba vaxtangs~. SahmadaWrili sindTa mefisaTvis mkurnali ixmo, undoda misi tyved wayvana,magram vaxtangis TxovniT igi gaaTavisufla, misi ori Svili ki mZevladaiyvana. sindeTs indoeTze orjer meti xarki gadaaxdevina, romelicvaxtangs mianiWa. Tavis mxriv, sindTa mefem didi madloba moaxsena mefes,jer imisTvis, cxenidan gadmovardnili rom ar mokla, meore –tyveobidan rom daixsna, amitom man Tavis mxriv, ZRveni `miuwvdomeli dadidZali~ miuZRvna vaxtang gorgasals.sindeTs SesvliTgan meoTxe wels laSqari abaSeTisaken gamoemarTa.Sahin-Sah perozTan erTad vaxtang gorgaslis abaSeTSi laSqrobis ambavi,`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erT yvelaze zRaprul ambad iTvleboda. saqmeis iyo, rom V s-Si qarTvelebma Tu kargad icodnen abaSeTi rom iranismosazRvre qveyana iyo, X-XI saukuneebidan es codna daviwyebas mieca daabaSeTad egviptis samxreTiT mdebare eTiopia iwodeboda. aRniSnulidangamomdinare, cxadia, juanSeris cnobebi abaSeTze Cvenma mecnierebmaararealurad miiCnies.aq naxseneb abaSeTSi sinamdvileSi romeli regioni igulisxmeba, amasqvemoT ganvmartav. sindeTidan wamosuli laSqari, rogorc gairkva,axlandeli avRaneTisa da iranis saxelmwifoebSi Semavali Zvelidrangianas teritoriaze Sevida. Zv. w. II s-Si am mxareSi sakebi (iranulimodgmis tomebi) damkvidrdnen, ris gamoc igi `sakastanad~ (`sakebisqveynad~) iwoda. III s-Si iq quSanebi gabatondnen, romelnic iranelebmadaipyres, imxanad ki gandgomilebi iyvnen.axla vnaxoT, rogor axasiaTebs am qveyanas juanSeri: `da movidesmuniT (e. i. sindeTidan) abaSeTs, xolo abaSni msxdomare iyvnes queyanasa,romelsa mosdgmida wyali da lerwmoani, romelsa ver iareboda navi, da28

verca oTxfexi, aramed sazRvarTa zeda ars sparsTasa, da sulgrZeladhbrZodes. rameTu wyali igi romel Sesdioda, gadaugdes, da lerwmoaniigi dawues cecxliTa, da warmotyvevnes abaSeTi yoveli~.mkiTxveli dameTanxmeba, rom abaSeTi, marTlac, sakmaod ucnauriqveyana yofila. lerwmianSi TavSefarebul mosaxleobas iq xelovnuradSeuSviaT wyali. Tumca, wyali arc im siRrmisa iyo, navebiT Sesuliyvnen.perozis molaSqreebma mxolod wylis Zvel kalapotSi gadagdebis Semdegwaukides cecxli lerwmovans da ase daimorCiles abaSni. juanSeriscnobebi sistanis Sesaxeb erT-erTi uZvelesia da igi zustad asaxavs imviTarebas, romelzedac qvemoT SevCerdebi.XIX s-Si Sedgenili aRweriT, Sida sistanis CrdiloeTiT orilaguna (Txeli tba) mdebareobs. maT erT mxares, aRmosavleTiT md.hilmendis Zveli dinebis kalapoti esazRvreba. samxreTis sazRvars kisistanis didi arxi qmnis, ris gamoc am teritorias sami mxridan wyaliakravs. tafobSi (iranulad `hamun~), sadac zemodasaxelebuli lagunebimdebareoben, avRaneTis mxridan mdinareebi: harud rudi, farah rudi,hilmendi da qasrudi Caedinebian. lagunebis samxreTiT gadaWimuliaWaobiani sivrce (iran. `naizar~). wyaldidobisas orive laguna tbebadiqceva xolme da erTiandeba. wylis donis momatebisas tbidangadmomdinare wyali samxreTiT mdebare Waobian sivrces faravs, risgamoc es teritoria did tbas emsgavseba. tbebSi wylis donem Tu kidevmoimata, maSin tbidan gadmomdinare wyali erTi totiT ufro samxreTiT,gavadi zarihis tbis RrmulSi gadadis da sistanis mTeli tafobi wyliTifareba. magram, Cans, es iSviaTad xdeba.roca abaSeTis (sistanis) teritoriaze perozis laSqari Sevida,wyaldidoba ki ar iyo, aramed abaSebs tafobaSi xelovnurad hqondaTSeSvebuli wyali, ris gamoc, moxerxda wylis gadagdeba, lerwmovanisdawva da Sig msxdomare abaSTa damorCileba. `ganyvna mefeman sparsTamanabaSni orad: da naxevarni dautevna adgilsave zeda, da naxevariwarmoiyvanna viTar saxeli aTasi, da ganyvna igini adgiliTi-adgilad. daeseni arian qurdni, naTesavni igi romel warmotyuena abaSTagan~.* * *abaSeTis damorCilebiT dasrulda Sahin-Sah perozTan erTad vaxtanggorgaslis xangrZlivi laSqroba iranis mtrebis winaaRmdeg. 468 welsiranis dedaqalaqSi Casul perozs, iq qarTlis pitiaxSi varsqeni daxvda.gavixsenoT, rogorc `SuSanikis wamebis~ avtori iakob curtaveli wers,igi `mervesa welsa sparsTa mefisasa waremarTa karad samefod~.29

459 wels avida taxtze perozi da misi mefobis merve weli 467welia. ra Tqma unda, varsqenma icoda laSqrobidan vaxtangi didisaxeliTa da Sahis ndobiT aRWurvili rom dabrundeboda, amjeradmisTvis Zneli ar iqneboda urC qveSevrdoms gasworeboda. amitomdaaswro varsqenma. Sahis karze cecxlTayvanismcemlobis miRebiTa daSahTan danaTesavebiT, igi vaxtangisagan xelSeuxebeli pirovneba gaxda.Tumca Sah perozis daRupvisTanave, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, igi vaxtangmefem moakvlevina.sanam qarTvelTa laSqari iranelTa banaks datovebda, Sahma Tavisiasuli colad vaxtang mefesac SesTavaza, magram vaxtangma upasuxa: `arajer ars Cemgan orTa colTa pyroba, rameTu mivis me coli asulikeisrisa~. Sahs ar moewona mefis pasuxi, `daumZimda metad~, magramvaxtangs, romelsac mis gamarjvebebSi amdeni wvlili miuZRoda, araferiuTxra. amgvarad: `warmovida vaxtang welsa mervesa~ sparseTs Sesvlidanda mivida q. urhaSi, sadac `mSvidobiT povna deda da dai misi~. urhadanwamosulni ki roca bizantiis sazRvars miadgnen, bizantielTa laSqarileonis sardlobiT bizantiis Sida raionebisaken gaemarTa, vaxtang mefemki aqedan `waravlina mociquli warmoyvanebad colisa misisa dapetresaTvis~. vaxtangi imperators sTxovda, petre kapadokieli qarTliskaTalikosad ekurTxebinaT (es aqti, imperiis, kerZod antioqiissapatriarqos mier, qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis anudamoukideblobis miniWebas niSnavda).qarTlSi Semosul mefes `Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelnispasalarni, da maT Tana episkoposni~ miegebnen. maT Soris iyo, im xanadqarTlis eklesiis meTauri, vaxtangis aRmzrdeli miqaeli. roca miqaelmaSeityo mefis ganzraxva qarTlis kaTalikosad petres dasmis Sesaxeb,`iwyo amboxebad da mizezobad~ _ mefes qristianobis datovebasa dacecxlTayvanismceblobis miRebaSi dasdo brali. mefem uaryo miqaelisbraldeba da uTxra, rom qristes ZaliTa da TanadgomiT moiara eslaSqroba, konstantinopolSi ki, marTlac gaagzavna mociquli TxovniT,raTa petre kaTalikosad ekurTxebinaT.am sityvebis gamgone miqaelma `krul-yo mefe da yovelni spanimisni~. aseTi dawyevlis miuxedavad, mefem scada viTareba argaemwvavebina, gadmoxda cxenidan da daapira episkoposis fexs mTxveoda,magram miqaelma `miamTxvia pirsa mefisasa fandakiTa * ~ da mefes kbiliCaumtvria. mefem miqaels, ra Tqma unda, es aRar apatia, mas `vecxlismoyvare~ uwoda, gadaayena qarTlis eklesiis meTauris kaTedridan dadasasjelad konstantinopolSi gaagzavna, sadac `mRviZarTa~ monasterSimonazvnad aRkveces.rogorc viciT, dedofalma sagduxtma miqaeli im dros moiyvanabizantiidan, roca binqaran cecxlTayvanismcemlis zewoliT mravalmaqarTvelma datova qristianoba da miqaeli SeebrZola binqarans. isic30

viciT, rom miqaeli vaxtangis aRmzrdeli iyo. amitom, cxadia, CndebakiTxva, ra moxda, ratom uaryo vaxtang mefem Tavisi aRmzrdeli daqristianobisaTvis Tavdadebuli miqaeli, ar dasva is qarTlisavtokefaluri eklesiis pirvel saWeTmpyroblad, da ratom moiwadina amadgilas dasasmelad maincdamainc petre kapadokieli?qarTul samecniero literaturaSi mefesa da episkoposs Sorismomxdar konfliqts xan religiur niadagze wamoWrili dapirispirebiT,xan ki miqaelis vercxlis moyvareobiT xsnidnen. magram, rogorc Cans,vaxtang mefes ar surda qarTlis damoukidebeli eklesiis pirvelimeTauri isev bizantiidan (antioqiidan) gamogzavnili miqaeli yofiliyo.amiT eklesiis damoukideblobas azri ekargeboda. pontoSi laSqrobisasgacnobili petre kapadokieli ki vaxtang mefisa da, saerTod, qarTvelTaTvalSi savaraudoa, tomiT qarTvelad aRiqmeboda – qarTveli iyo(gavixsenoT, aseve kapadokiidan iyo qarTvelTa ganmanTlebeli wmida nino,pontodan iyo warmoSobiT qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis, mirianis,meore meuRle nana dedofali). rogorc Cans, kapadokia, im drosqarTvelTa TvalSi qarTvelTa qveynad iyo miCneuli.468 wels iranidan qarTlSi dabrunebis Semdeg, vaxtang gorgasaliaSkarad antiiranul politikas daadga. iranis Sahi perozi da qarTlalbaneTismarzpani maSinve mixvdnen, rom vaxtangis aseT kurss TuzRvars ar daudebdnen, qarTlze gavlenas dakargavdnen. ufro gamkacrdamaTi damokidebuleba qarTlis mosaxleobisadmi, Sedegmac ar daayovna –roca irans Sua aziaSi isev gaurTulda mdgomareoba, – amierkavkasiaSiajanyeba daiwyo.482 wels Sahma perozma ajanyebuli heftalitebis damorCilebaganizraxa. Sua aziaSi salaSqrod amierkavkasiis qveynebSi mdgomi jarebisnawilic iranSi gaiwvia, aman Tavis mxriv ajanyeba daaCqara. antiiranuliajanyeba albaneTSi daiwyo. mcire biZgi iyo sakmarisi somxeTisTvisac.amitom, roca vaxtang gorgasalma ajanyeba wamoiwyo, somxeTisTavkacebmac gadawyvites misTvis miebaZaT. V s-is somexi avtoris –lazar farpecis cnobiT, im dros vaxtangi mTel amierkavkasiaSi cnobiliiyo, rogorc mamaci da Wkviani meomari da somxebmac amitom gadawyvitesajanyebuli qarTlis mefisaTvis mxari daeWiraT.ajanyebis pirvelsave wels vaxtangma, marTalia, moaxerxa qarTliscixesimagreebSi mdgomi iranuli garnizonebis gandevna, magram Crdilokavkasiidan didi laSqris gadmoyvana ver SeZlo – damxmared mas mxolod300 huni mouvida. 483 wlis gazafxulze ajanyebulTa winaaRmdegiranidan mihranisa da atrnersehis sardlobiT didi laSqari gamogzavnes.vaxtangi iZulebuli iyo qarTvelTa laSqriT qarTlis sazRvarTansomxeTis mTianeTSi gadasuliyo. iq eloda somxeTis damxmare Zalebs.mefe maT hunTa didi Zalebis mosvlasac pirdeboda. vaxtang mefismowodebaze somexTa sardali vahan mamikoniani somexTa laSqriT mTebSi31

avida. aSkara iyo rom iranis laSqari qarTlis mosaxleobis Zarcvasdaiwyebda, amitom vaxtangs surda, barSi Casuliyvnen da iq Sebmodnenmters, magram somxebi uars ambobdnen. lazar farpecis cnobiT, vahanmamikoniani xedavda `somexTa jaris sisustes~, `mas dahkargvoda mxneobada dauZlurebuli iyo~, ar hqonda `sxva drois gulmodgineba damondomeba~. bevri somexi mzad iyo iranelTa mxareze gadasuliyo. vaxtangmefem, somxebi barSi Casvlaze rom daeTanxmebina, aseTi xerxic ki ixmara.somexTa da qarTvelTa jaridan gagzavnil mstovrebs Soridan daanaxesmravlad danTebuli koconebi, romelTa irgvliv meomarTa msgavsad xiskunZebi elaga. vaxtangis ganmartebiT es hunTa laSqari iyo da elodabarSi somxebisa da qarTvelebis Casvlas. vaxtangi somxebs arwmunebda,TiTqos, hunebs eTqvaT, oRond somxebi Camovidnen aq da mere sparselebsCven TviTon gavuswordebiTo.bolos da bolos vaxtang mefem Tavisi gaitana, 483 wlis zafxulSidiliT adre, ajanyebulTa laSqari Warmanianis velze iranelebs Seeba.vaxtang gorgasali da vahan mamikoniani TavganwirviT ibrZodnen,ajanyebulebma garkveul warmatebasac miaRwies, magram am dros somexTanawilma brZolis veli miatova. ajanyebulTa Soris SeqmniliuwesrigobiT isargebles iranelebma da ufro medgrad Seuties.ajanyebulTagan bevri tyved Cavarda, danarCenebma gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.seqtemberi dadga da iranelTa sardlebma qarTli datoves. 483-484wlebis zamTarma mSvidad Caiara. 484 wlis gazafxulze qarTlSi didilaSqriT iranelTa axali sardali zarmihr hazaravuxti Semovida. masSahisagan davalebuli hqonda `qarTlis mefe vaxtangi an Seepyra, anmoekla, anda qveynidan gaeZevebina~. Sahi ki kvlav heftalitebiswinaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gaemarTa.qarTlSi Semosulma iranelTa sardalma mefes ki aRar gaumarTabrZola, moRalate didebulebi daibara TavisTan. aseTi qarTlissamefoSi araerTi gamoCnda. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda egrisSigadasuliyo, magram dro isev qarTvelTa sasargeblod Seicvala, –qarTlSi iranis laSqris didi nawilisa da TviT perozis daRupvisambavi movida. hazaravuxtma qarTli datova. qarTlSi dabrunda vaxtangmefe da qveynis aRdgena daiwyo. man saswrafod moiSora TavidanmoRalate didebulTa Tavkaci varsqen pitiaxSi – es moxda 484 wels.marTalia, am ajanyebiT vaxtang mefem qarTli iranelTa gavlenisaganver gaaTavisufla, magram iranis taxtze asuli axali Sahi valarSiajanyebulTa mimarT daTmobebze wavida. vaxtang mefem kvlav ganagrZobrZola qveynis gasaZliereblad.32

* * *zemoT, roca vaxtang gorgaslis mcdelobiT qarTlis eklesiisaTvisavtokefaliis mopovebaze vsaubrobdi, am movlenis TariRi ar aRminiSnavs.468 wels qarTlidan gaZevebuli miqael episkoposi konstantinopolispatriarqma dasaja da vaxtang mefem petre kapadokielis kurTxevaimperatorsa da konstantinopolis patriarqs sTxova. amitom, am bolodromde fiqrobdnen, rom avtokefaliis mopovebamde, qarTlis eklesiakonstantinopolis sapatriarqos emorCileboda. mkvlevrebi yuradRebasar aqcevdnen iqve arsebul cnobas, imperatorma da patriarqma vaxtangiselCoba konstantinopolidan antioqias rom `waravlines~ da `miuweresantioqiis patriarqs~: `Cven viciT, rom adridanve, `uwinaresobis~kanonidan gamomdinare, qarTlis eklesia Tqveni wmida saydrisa iyo,`viTarca ganaweses mociqulTa saxarebasa Sina~. aseve miuweres `yovelisaqme didisa vaxtang mefisa~ da sTxoves petre kapadokielikaTalikosad, danarCeni 11 sasuliero piri, vinc mas surda, samuelTanerTad episkoposebad ekurTxebina.qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi, qarTlis eklesia rom antioqiiseklesias emorCileboda, SemTxveviTi ar iyo. siriis dedaqalaqi –antioqia, romis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis religiur, kulturul daadministraciul centrs warmoadgenda. misi eklesia (qristianuli Temi)TviT petre mociqulis mier iyo daarsebuli. antioqias `RvTis qalaqs~(berZn. `Teopolisi~) uwodebdnen. swored antioqiis eklesiis siZlieremda didma avtoritetma ganapiroba, III s-is damdegidan mis episkoposs aramarto romis imperiis aziuri nawilis (TviT konstantinopolisa daierusalimis CaTvliT), aramed imperiis farglebs gareT arsebulieklesiebic rom emorCileboda (maT Soris qarTlis, egrisis, somxeTis).antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi myofi – kapadokiis eklesiidan gamosulmamisionerebma iqadages am qveynebSi qristes mcneba. maT Seasrulesgadamwyveti roli, rogorc qarTlSi, ise egrisSi (aseve somxeTSi)qristianobis gamarjvebis saqmeSi.daaxloebiT 317 wels galatiidan (es iyo kapadokiis momijnavemxare. Zveli qarTveli avtori mas branjTa qveyanas uwodebs) qarTlSiCamosulma mTavardiakonma qarTlis eklesiis pirvel episkoposad ioaneakurTxa. 325 wlis bolos, ki antioqiis episkoposis evstaTis mierqarTlis eklesiis kurTxevis Semdeg, qarTlis eklesiaze antioqiiseklesiis zemdgomoba damyarda. im droidan mokidebuli, qarTliseklesiis meTaurebad antioqiidan gamogzavnili sasuliero pirebiiniSnebodnen. erT-erTi aseTi iyo miqael episkoposi. axla vaxtang mefecdilobda qarTlis eklesia antioqiis eklesiis (451 wlidan antioqiisepiskoposi patriarqad iwoda) gavlenisagan gaeTavisuflebina.33

adgan konstantinopolis patriarqi (konstantinopolis episkoposic451 wels, qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebissafuZvelze iwoda patriarqad da imperiis aziur nawilSi pirvelsaWeTmpyroblad iqna aRiarebuli) da imperatori (gavixsenoT imperatorileoni vaxtangis simamri iyo) Tanaxmani iyvnen qarTlis eklesiisaTvisavtokefalia mieniWebinaT. am saqmisaTvis, TiTqos, xeli arafers ar undaSeeSala. magram rodesac antioqiaSi qarTvelTa delegacia Cavida, iqmonofizitebs (eseni aRiarebdnen qristes erTbunebianobas) dadiofizitebs (aRiarebdnen qristes orbunebianobas), Soris iseTidapirispireba iyo, rom petre kapadokielisa da sxva sasuliero pirebisxeldasxma ver moxerxda. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTlis eklesiisavtokefalurad aRiareba karga xniT gadaido. rogorc vaxtangis`cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, antioqiis sapatriarqosagan qarTlis eklesiamavtokefalia qarTlis moqcevidan 170-e wlisTavze e.i. 487 wels miiRo.petre kapadokieli qarTlis kaTalikosad antioqiis patriarqma – petrefulonma akurTxa. manve akurTxa episkoposebad samuel kapadokieli da 11sxva sasuliero moRvawe. qarTlSi Camosvlis Semdeg petre qarTlisavtokefaluri eklesiis pirveli kaTalikosi gaxda, samueli vaxtangmefem mcxeTis episkoposad daadgina. danarCenma 11-ma qarTlis samefossxvadasxva kuTxeSi daikaves saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. mefem zogiarasasurveli episkoposi axliT Secvala, zogi saepiskoposo axladSeqmna. es iyo vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio reforma. akad. ivanejavaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, V s. II naxevris qarTlis samefoSi daaxloebiT21 saepiskoposo iyo.* * *vaxtang gorgaslis mravalmxrivi moRvaweobidan qarTveli xalxisxsovnaSi yvelaze didi kvali qarTlis samefos axal dedaqalaq TbilisSidawyebulma didma saaRmSeneblo saqmianobam datova. miuxedavad imisa, romvaxtang gorgaslma mxolod samuSaoebis dawyeba moaswro, xolo samefotaxti mcxeTidan TbilisSi daCi mefem gadmoitana, qarTveli xalxiTbilisis gadedaqalaqebas mainc vaxtang gorgasals miawers. TbilisisdaarsebasTanaa dakavSirebuli lamazi legenda, romelic yvelaqarTvelisTvisaa cnobili, magram mis Sinaarss qvemoT mainc movitan.Tqmulebis mixedviT, im dros Tbilisi da misi midamoebi tyiTyofila moculi. erTxel, roca vaxtang gorgasali amaliT am adgilebSinadirobda, monadireTa win xoxobi afrinda. mefis mimino xoxobsgamoedevna. male orive frinveli Tvals miefara. mefe da misi mxleblebiimave mxarisaken wavidnen da didi xnis Zebnis Semdeg naxes, rom mimino daxoxobi wyalSi Cavardiliyvnen da Cafufquliyvnen.34

mefem daaTvaliera is midamoebi, sadac mravlad iyo: grili, Tbilida cxeli wylebi. mefes isic moaxsenes, rom am wylebs samkurnaloTvisebebi hqonda. mefem im adgilas qalaqis ageba brZana da Tbiliwylebis gamo qalaqs `tfilisi~ (Zvelad Tbili `tfilad~ gamoiTqmoda)uwoda. Zveli Tbilisi axlandeli abanoTubnis midamoebSi aSenda.aseTia legenda, sinamdvileSi ki V s-isaTvis Tbiliss, rogorcdasaxlebul adgils didi xnis istoria hqonda. IV s-is Sua xanebidan kiTbilisSi iraneli pitiaxSi ijda.1958 wels qarTvelma xalxma didi zeimiT aRniSna Tbilisisgadedaqalaqebis 1500 wlisTavi (igulisxmeboda, rom TbilisSi 458 welsgadaitanes samefo taxti mcxeTidan). Seiqmna 500 gverdiani gamokvleva`Tbilisis istoria~, sayovelTaod cnobili `simRera Tbilisze~ da sxva.magram, Tu Cemi qronologiiT vixelmZRvanelebT 458 wels vaxtang mefeaxali dabrunebuli iyo bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobidan da iranelTaTavdasxmis mosagerieblad qveynis cixe-simagreebs amagrebda.vaxtang mefes TbilisSi rom saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebi daewyo, igiTavisufali unda yofiliyo iranuli garnizonisagan. aseTi dro ki 484wlidan dadga, roca perozis daRupvis Semdeg iranelma moxeleebma dajarma qarTli datova. daaxloebiT 485 wlidan vaxtang mefem TbilisSimSeneblobebi daiwyo, magram misi damTavreba ar dascalda. 488 wels SahivalarSi, misive Zmiswulma – kavad perozis Zem taxtidan gadaayena daTvalebi daTxara. amis Semdeg, roca qveyana cota moZlierda, kavadmavaxtang mefesTan mociquli gamoagzavna. mefes asuls (meore meuRlisaganmefes ori Ze da erTi asuli hyavda) da bizantiis winaaRmdeglaSqrobaSi monawileobas sTxovda, razec mefem uari SeuTvala.roca mefesTan – mcxeTaSi Sahis elCi movida `vaxtang aSenebdaqalaqsa tfilisisasa da safuZveli oden daedva... maSin vaxtang dReTamiwevnul iyo viTar samocisa wlisa~.488 wels iranis taxtze axalgazrda, energiuli kavad I-is asvlisSemdeg Zireulad Seicvala valarSis droindeli uniaTo politika.hunebTan xangrZlivi brZolis gamo, qveyana Sinaganad dasustebuli iyo.misi ekonomikurad moZliereba mxolod bizantiidan miRebuli oqroTiSeiZleboda (jer kidev iezdigerd II-is dros dadebuli xelSekrulebiTkavkasiis zekarebis dacvis gamo, imperia irans 500 oqros uxdida).kavadma konstantinopolSi elCebi gaagzavna da imperiisagan moiTxova anoqro gamoegzavnaT, an omi mieRoT. es elCoba jer kidev gzaSi iyo, rocabizantiis imperatoris gardacvalebis ambavi gaiges (imperatori zenoni491 wlis 9 apirils gardaicvala). kavadma elCebs daavala oqro axaliimperatorisagan moeTxovaT, magram, radgan am Txovnaze manac uari Tqva,iranma bizantiis winaaRmdeg omi daiwyo. iranelTa laSqris erTi nawilivaxtang mefis dasasjelad gamoemarTa.35

iranelTa SemoWramde, vaxtang mefem qveyanaSi sagangebo RonisZiebebigaatara: `waravlina qadagni~ da mosaxleobas mouwoda kavkasiis mTebSiSexiznuliyo: `rameTu kaxeTi tye iyo da Seuvali mterisa~. kaxeTSi,lopotis xevSi – gaxiznes daCi da samefo ojaxi. ujarmaSi iyo vaxtangmefe, xolo erisTavebi mcxeTaSi imyofebodnen. 491 wlis 1 aprilisbolos iranelTa laSqari kaxeTs moadga: `Semusrna qalaqi kambeCoani * daWeremisa da veliscixis cixeebi~ da `viTarca moiwivnes kaxeTad,daibanakes iorsa zeda~. qarTlis laSqaric iq ganlagda.gadamwyveti brZolebic ioris velze mimdinareobda _ `sam dReyovelTa dReTa ibrZodes da daecemoda orTave spaTagan uricxvi~. samefobanakSi imyofeboda petre kaTalikosic. mefem mas uTxra: `icode,iranelebi Cven xarkis miucemlobis gamo ki ar gvebrZvian, aramed qristesrjulis datovebisaTvis. Cemi ganzraxva esaa, sjulis datovebas, qristessaxelisTvis sikvdili sjobs~-o. mefe iranelebisadmi araviTar daTmobasar apirebda. gadamwyveti brZolis win, mefem samRdeloebas sTxovaujarmis cixesTan wmida raJdenis * saxelze agebul taZarTangadasuliyvnen, raTa usafrTxod yofiliyvnen. TviTon ki qarTvelTalaSqari samad gayo: qveiTebi `kldiT kerZo miavlina~. calke daayenapitiaxSebi da spaspeti, xolo sadac sparsTa mefe iyo, masze SetevaTviT mefem iTava – da brZolis meoTxe, `nislisagan ganciskrebul~(ganaTebul) Rames, vaxtangi moulodnelad SeiWra mtris banakSi, Sahiskaravamde miaRwia da mokla Sahis Ze. ai, am dros `sparsman vinme scaisari mkerdsa vaxtangisasa~. daWril mefes brZolis veli ar dautovebia– brZola SuadRemde gagrZelda. TavganwirviT mebrZolma mefem da mismameomrebma mravlad gaJlites iranelebi, cxenebic mravlad igdes xelT.magram mefes Wriloba awuxebda, brZolis gagrZeleba veRar SeZlo – igiujarmis cixeSi gadaiyvanes. iranelTa laSqari aiyara ioris velidan da`Cadga rusTavs~. rac Seexeba karnu-qalaqTan mdgom bizantielTalaSqars, imaTac Seebnen iranelebi, magram did sisxlismRvrel brZolaSi`ver sZles erTmaneTsa~. mas Semdeg ki, rac bizantielebma vaxtanggorgaslis daWris ambavi Seityves, aRarc ucdiaT qarTlSi Semosvla.491 wels bizantielebma iranTan zavi dades.vaxtang mefes ki `daumZimda wyluleba~, radgan isari filtvSi iyoSesuli. iranelebma moaoxres Tbilisi, armazi, mcxeTis galavnis gareTarsebuli dasaxlebebi. ujarmaSi myof mefes Wriloba TandaTanumZimdeboda. roca mefem sikvdilis moaxloveba igrZno, anu: `Seityosikudili Tavisa Tvisisa~, miixmo `kaTalikosi, dedofali elene, Zeebi,yovelni warCinebulni~ da uTxra: `me esera warval winaSe RmrTisaCemisa~, vmadlob mis saxels, rom mis gamorCeul wmindanebs ar damaklo.Cemi Txovnaa, mtkiced ideqiT qristianul sarwmunoebaze, eZieT saxeli1 iv. javaxiSvili, vaxtang gorgaslis sikvdilis da Sesabamisad misi bolo brZolisTariRad 502 w. miiCnevda.36

da qristesTvis sikvdili _ `raTa waruvali dideba moigoT~. Semdegganacxada, rom daCis aZlevda samefo gvirgvins, daCis Zmebs (e.i. leonsda mirdats) ki dautova teritoria taSiskaridan da wundidanmokidebuli vidre bizantiis sazRvramde; aseve dedofal elenes mziTvismiwebi `egris-wyalsa da klisuras Sua~. Zmebi am teritoriebiserisTavebi unda yofiliyvnen da daCis damorCilebodnen.anderZis warmoTqmis Semdeg vaxtang mefe gardaicvala.vaxtang mefis gardacvalebam didi glova gamoiwvia mTel qarTlissamefoSi. mefis sikvdili didi danaklisi iyo rogorcwarCinebulTaTvis, ise `yoveli erisaTvis~. xalxi Tavs nacars iyrida dasikvdils natrobda, tirilisa da godebisagan `iZvroda qveyana damorwmune eri hnatrida mefesa, rameTu qristesaTvis moikla~.ujarmidan mefe waasvenes mcxeTaSi da dakrZales mis mierve agebulsveticxovelis taZarSi * . l. sanikiZis sityviT: `bumberazis samaradJamosamkvidrebels bumberazi lodi dasdes... xalxSi ganumeorebeli xsovnadatova saxelovanma xelmwifem. leqsebsa da simRerebs Txzavdnen`ialbuzis gmirze~. ambobdnen: gaqceul irems mefe, iaraRiT SeWurvilirom yofiliyo, mainc daeweodao. SeWurvil cxens mxarze moidebda damcxeTidan armaz-cixeze muxlCauxrelad avidodao... saukuneTa manZilzeqarTvelni da maTi mter-moyvareni gaocebulni SescqerodnensveticxovelSi gamofenil uzarmazar tansacmelsa da saomaraRWurvilobas. qarTul samefo droSas ewoda misi saxeli _`gorgasliani~.37

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni *abaSeTi – eTiopia. aq: iranis aRmosavleTi regioni sistani.anTipati, anTipatrikiosi-bizantiuri – sakariskaco tituli. s.yauxCiSvilis mixedviT, imperatoris nacvals niSnada.drahkani – oqros fulis erTeuli. etimologiurad aqemenidi mefisdariosis moWrils niSnavs (darehuli). bizantiuri drahkani 4,55 gramiiyo.aqemenianTa imperia _ Zv. w. 558-330 wlebSi arsebobda. mas aleqsandremakedonelma mouRo bolo.`vigri~ _ sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, zRvis Tevzia; am saxelisxmeleTis cxovelic aris.kambeCoani – qiziyis Zveli saxeli iyo.karnu-qalaqi (Teodosiopoli) – axlandeli q. erzerumi (arzrumi)Crdilo-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi.marzpani – iranuli sityvaa da qveynis mcvels niSnavs.mirian mefe – sinamdvileSi qarTlis mefe levis (revi) Ze iyo. uZvelesqarTul matianeSi - `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s qronikaSi revi 26-e mefedaadasaxelebuli da naTqvamia `rev mamaÁ mirianisi~.mogvTa – mcxeTis erT-erTi ubani iyo, sadac cecxlTayvanismcemlebicxovrobdnen.`mcire quSani~ _ V s-is qarTlSi indoeTSi arsebuli `mcire quSanTa~saxelmwifo rom scodniaT, amas mowmobs bibliis teqstis ZveliqarTuli Targmani.mcire xazareTis (mdinareSi md. yubani igulisxmeba) _ leonti mroveliscnobiT, es mdinare egrisis samefos Crdilo sazRvari (e.i. megrel-lazTagansaxlebis) iyo.nebroTi _ iyo bibliuri personaJi, sworupovari monadire. babilonissamefos miTiuri damaarsebeli. misi saxeli dakavSirebulia ZvelsaqarTvelosTanac.peroJa-kafa _ (igive xalxala) qarTl-albaneTis sazRvarze mdebarealbanuri qalaqi iyo.raJdeni _ iyo vaxtang mefis pirveli meuRlis balenduxtis mamamZuZe,romelic gaqristianda. 460 wels iranelebma sof. wromSi (axland.xaSuris raioni) wamebiT mokles. vaxtang mefem misi neSti wromidan sof.niqozSi gadaasvena da iq saeposkoposo Seqmna. qarTulma eklesiam kiraJdeni wmindanad Seracxa.samSvilde – am uZvelesi da udidesi cixe-qalaqis nangrevebi qvemoqarTlSi, axlandel TeTri wyaros raionSi mdebareobs.sefewuli – Tavdapirvelad samefo sagvareulosa da samefo saxliswevrs ewodeboda. saerTod sazogadoebis umaRlesi fenis warmomadgeneliiyo.38

sveticxoveli _ sveticxovlis axlandeli taZari Zvelze _ vaxtanggorgaslis mier agebul taZarzea daSenebuli.sinopi – yvelaze moxerxebuli navsadguria Savi zRvis samxreTsanapiroze. igi pontos samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. iq daibada antikurisamyaros erT-erTi gamoCenili pirovneba miTridate VI evpatori –pontos samefos mbrZanebeli Zv. w. 120-63 ww. TviT pontos samefosmosaxleobis didi nawili qarTveluri warmomavlobis iyo.somxiTi _ juanSeris es cnoba saeWvod miaCniaT. `somxiTad~ Zveladqvemo qarTli iwodeboda, rac isedac qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda.fandaki – maRalqusliani qoSi.Svideuli erTi – Svidi dRe, erTi kvira.cecxlTayvanismcemloba (igive zoroastrizmi, mazdeanoba) – sasanianTairanis saxelmwifo religia iyo. sasanianebi mas damorCilebul qveynebSiZaldatanebiT avrcelebdnen. qarTlis araerT mxareSi (mag. TbilisSi,nekresSi, lopotis xevSi, rexaSi (da sxvagan) aigo cecxlis taZari –aTeSgahi (spars. `aTeS~ – cecxli, `gah~ – adgili). gansakuTrebiTgrandiozuli iyo axlandel qarelis raionSi, dedoflis mindorzearsebuli taZari.cixe-goji – egrisis samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. berZnuli wyaroebisarqeopolisi. cixis nangrevebi axlandel senakis raionSi mdebareobs.wyrTa – Zvel saqarTveloSi iyo sigrZis sazomi erTeuli.Sinaarsobrivad gamosaxavda manZils idayvidan Sua TiTis wveramde.sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, wyrTa _ naxevari adli – daaxl.50,6 sm. iyo.39

gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:• goilaZe v., farnavazianTa saxlis qristian mefeTa qronologia, Tb.,1990.• goilaZe v., vaxtang gorgasali da misi istorikosi, Tb., 1991.• goilaZe v., qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991.• goilaZe v., amierkavkasiaSi sasanianTa mmarTvelobis asaxva qarTulsaistorio tradiciaSi, `macne~ istoriis seria, 1982 #4.• goilaZe v., asurel mamaTa samSoblo da saqarTvelo, Tb., 2002.• goilaZe v., qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis saTaveebTan, `mnaTobi~,1984 #11.• kakabaZe s., vaxtang gorgasali da misi xana, Tb., 1994.• lorTqifaniZe m., qarTli V saukunis meore naxevarSi, Tb., 1979.• musxeliSvili d., saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, Tb., 2003.• juanSeri, cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa. wignSi – qarTliscxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviTs. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I, Tb., 1955.40