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germaniaSi nacistebi rom<br />

komunistebs miadgnen,<br />

xma ar amomiRia,<br />

radgan komunisti ar vyofilvar.<br />

ebraelebs miadgnen da<br />

xma ar amomiRia,<br />

radgan ebraeli ar vyofilvar.<br />

profkavSirebs miadgnen da<br />

xma ar amomiRia,<br />

radgan profkavSireli ar vyofilvar,<br />

kaTolikeebze gadavidnen da<br />

xma ar amomiRia,<br />

radgan kaTolike ar vyofilvar.<br />

Semdeg me momadgnen...<br />

da aRaravin iyo darCenili,<br />

rom xma amoeRo...<br />

martin niimioleri<br />

pastori, germaniis<br />

evangelur- luTeruli eklesia

solidaroba<br />

#1(28)<br />

saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />

damcvelis Jurnali<br />

redaqtori: nino cincaZe<br />

stilis<br />

redaqtori: levan bregaZe<br />

dizaini: besik danelia<br />

foto: levan xerxeuliZe<br />

marika asaTiani<br />

redkolegia: sozar subari<br />

beqa mindiaSvili<br />

Tamar Samili<br />

sergo ratiani<br />

garekanze:<br />

levan xerxeuliZis foto<br />

Jurnali momzadebulia saxalxo<br />

damcvelTan arsebuli tolerantobis<br />

centris mier<br />

ibeWdeba gaeros ganviTarebis programis<br />

mxardaWeriT<br />

winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli<br />

mosazrebebi ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli<br />

erebis organizaciis an gaeros<br />

ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss<br />

misamarTi: Tbilisi, maCablis 11,<br />

tel.: 92 24 81<br />

www.ombudsman.ge<br />

saqarTvelos<br />

saxalxo<br />

damcveli<br />

gaeros<br />

ganviTarebis<br />

programa<br />

22<br />

4 LUMEN<br />

somexTa da qarTvelTa<br />

sarwmunoebrivi urTierTobebi<br />

16<br />

27<br />

34<br />

40<br />

nugzar papuaSvili<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

religiuri umciresobebi -<br />

darRveuli balansi<br />

nino cincaZe<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

sarwmunoebiT qarTveli<br />

sergo ratiani<br />

erTi iluziis istoria<br />

zaal andronikaSvili<br />

ZeglebiT TamaSi<br />

arCil qiqoZe

61<br />

45<br />

61<br />

67<br />

politika da ideologia<br />

demokratia, rogorc<br />

universaluri faseuloba<br />

amartia seni<br />

TOLERANCE<br />

55 nu moklav jafaras!<br />

lela gafrindaSvili<br />

media<br />

presis Tavisufleba msoflioSi<br />

2008 wels<br />

fridon sayvareliZe<br />

orientiri<br />

desmond tutu -<br />

samarTlianobisTvis mebrZoli<br />

`cisartyelas qveynis~ Svili<br />

nino beqiSvili<br />

73<br />

80<br />

89<br />

95<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

pluralistul samyaroSi<br />

dekanozi emanuel klapsisi<br />

rogor viRebdi<br />

gansxvavebasa da msgavsebas<br />

arCil qiqoZe<br />

100 Summary<br />

Sinaarsi WeSmariti moqalaqeobisa<br />

beqa mindiaSvili<br />

eklesiisa da saxelmwifos<br />

TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb<br />

iRumeni petre meSCerinovi<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

28

#1(28)<br />

Solidarität<br />

LUMEN<br />

somexTa<br />

da qarTvelTa<br />

sarwmunoebrivi<br />

urTierTobebi<br />

nugzar papuaSvili<br />

`mSvidobiT Sekrbes erTad somexni da qarTvelni~<br />

_ es sityvebi XI s-is qarTveli episkoposis, leonti<br />

mrovelis, naSromSi `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa~<br />

ramdenjerme gvxvdeba. maT iq erTob STambeWdavi<br />

adgili uWiravT da didi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva<br />

aqvT. aq, upirveles yovlisa, warmoCenilia survili da<br />

ocneba, rom aRdges da ganaxldes is Tanxmoba,<br />

Tanadgoma da Tanalmoba, rac somexTa da qarTvelTa<br />

istoriis dasabams amkobda da ramac orive xalxis<br />

TviTdamkvidrebas, _ maT mier saxelmwifoebis<br />

mSeneblobas da TiToeuli xalxis kulturosan erad<br />

Camoyalibebas Seuwyo xeli.<br />

qarTvelTa da somexTa Tanacxovrebis<br />

istoria mdidaria<br />

iseTi faqtebiT, movlenebiT,<br />

TvalsazrisebiTa da TeoriebiT,<br />

romelTa mniSvneloba<br />

orive qveynis farglebs Sordeba<br />

da saerTaSoriso interess<br />

imsaxurebs. igulisxmeba<br />

rogorc politikuri da sazogadoebrivi,<br />

ise kulturuli<br />

da religiuri urTierTobebi.<br />

didi xania, rac am urTier-<br />

Tobebis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis<br />

garkvevaze intensiurad<br />

muSaoben rogorc adgilob-<br />

4<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

rivi, ise ucxoeli mkvlevarebi.<br />

isini aRniSnaven, rom qar-<br />

Tul-somxuri urTierTobebis<br />

problema Zalian rTuli<br />

da sainteresoa. sainteresoa<br />

imdenad, ramdenadac isini erT<br />

sqemaSi ver Tavsdebian da saerTo<br />

suraTis dadgena SeuZlebelia.<br />

process cvalebadoba<br />

da urTierTgamomricxavi<br />

movlenebis Tanaarseboba<br />

axasiaTebs, magram veravin<br />

uaryofs, rom mezobel erebs<br />

Soris intensiuri urTierTobebi,<br />

romlebic arasdros Sewy-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

vetila, mudam kulturaTa<br />

dialogisa da urTierTgamdidrebis<br />

samsaxurSi idga.<br />

marTebulad SeniSnavs prof.<br />

vaCe nalbandiani: `saukuneTa<br />

siRrmidan modis am ori moZme<br />

xalxis, qarTvelebisa da somxebis<br />

megobroba. igi iseve Zvelia,<br />

rogorc TviT es xalxebi.<br />

misi mravalsaukunovani<br />

fesvebi gadgmulia Zalian<br />

Rrmad da uxsovar, winaistoriul<br />

dros aRwevs. am megobrobisa<br />

da Zmobis Sesaxeb guli-<br />

Tadi sityvebiT gviamboben<br />

somxursa da qarTul istoriul<br />

Zeglebsa Tu matianeebSi<br />

daculi da saukuneTa wiaRidan<br />

Cvenamde moRweuli xalxuri<br />

gadmocemebi da Tqmulebebi~<br />

(nalbandiani 1959: gv. 9).<br />

aRniSnuli urTierTobebis<br />

safuZvlian Seswavlas aqvs<br />

rogorc wminda mecnieruli,<br />

ise sazogadoebriv-saganmanaTleblo<br />

daniSnuleba. gaviTvaliswinoT,<br />

rom esaa didi istoria,<br />

_ politikur, socialur<br />

da religiur movlenaTa<br />

sveticxoveli. mcxeTa (XI s.)<br />

grZeli jaWvi, romlis TiToeuli<br />

rgoli xalxTa Tanacxovrebis<br />

mravalmxriv saintereso<br />

epizods Seicavs. am epizodebis<br />

aRweras da maT analizs<br />

ara erTi da ori sqeltaniani<br />

wigni dasWirdeba, romlebSic<br />

mkiTxveli cxovrebisaTvis<br />

da, kerZod, erTa TanacxovrebisaTvis<br />

bevr gamosadeg<br />

da Wkuissaswavlebel masalas<br />

ipovis. maT Soris aRmoCndeba<br />

iseTi masalac, romelic<br />

sarwmunoebaTa urTierTobis<br />

kulturaze, tolerantobasa<br />

da religiurobis civilizebulad<br />

gamoxatvis wesebze migvaniSnebs;<br />

am saganze dagvafiqrebs,<br />

zogjer sakuTari Tavis<br />

mimarT kritikulad gangvawyobs<br />

da umjobesi gzebis Ziebisaken<br />

gvibiZgebs. amjerad<br />

Cveni mizania, gavixsenoT da<br />

gavaanalizoT ramdenime<br />

faqti, movlena da Sexeduleba,<br />

romlebic cnobilia saqar-<br />

Tvelo-somxeTis urTierTobis<br />

istoriidan da sagulisxmoa<br />

religiurobis kulturis<br />

TvalsazrisiTac.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

5<br />

solidaroba<br />

erTi sarwmunoebis<br />

epoqa<br />

Zveli saistorio wyaroebis<br />

mixedviT da Tanamedrove mecnieruli<br />

xedviTac qarTvelebisa<br />

da somxebis erebad da,<br />

kerZod, politikuri tvirTis<br />

matarebel erebad, e. i. saxelmwifoebad,<br />

Camoyalibeba erTsa<br />

da imave garemoSi, erTsa da<br />

imave sivrcesa da sulier atmosferoSi<br />

moxda. orive xalxsa<br />

da qveyanas saerTo samezoblo<br />

hqondaT da am samezoblosTan<br />

maT metwilad erTnairi<br />

kontaqtebi aaxloebdaT,<br />

_ politikuri, ekonomikuri<br />

da religiuri. amis Sesabamisad<br />

orive qveyanaSi TiTqmis<br />

erTi da igive sarwmunoebrivi<br />

viTareba sufevda.<br />

Zvel drox, winare istoriuli<br />

xanidan gaqristianebamde, somxebisa<br />

da qarTvelebis avtoqtonuri<br />

religia warmarToba<br />

iyo. isini asulierebdnen bunebas<br />

da, amis Sesabamisad,<br />

hqondaT qvaTa, xeTa, mTaTa<br />

wminda eCmiaZinis kaTedrali. fragmenti (IV-XVII ss.)

#1(28)<br />

da wyalTa Tayvaniscemis ritualebi,<br />

romlebic adgilobrivi<br />

garemosagan ikvebeboda<br />

da adgilobriv kolorits<br />

atarebda. paralelurad sazRvargareTidan<br />

intensiurad<br />

Semodioda SedarebiT rafinirebuli<br />

da daxvewili panTeoni<br />

anu RvTaebaTa kultebi<br />

(kerpebi da maTi msaxurebis<br />

wesebi). laparakia rogorc<br />

sparsul-Suamdinarul, ise<br />

berZnul-romaul saRvTismsaxuro<br />

sistemebze, romlebic<br />

orive qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

mosaxleobis zedafenaSi,<br />

advilad ikafavda gzas da<br />

inergeboda. orive qveyanaSi<br />

erTsa da imave dros gamoCndnen<br />

ebraelebi, romlebmac<br />

moitanes Tora da mkvidr<br />

mosaxleobas monoTeizmis<br />

ideebTan ziarebis SesaZlebloba<br />

misces. amitomaa, rom<br />

somxebisa da qarTvelebis<br />

qristianobamdeli miTologia,<br />

asaxuli Zvel (V-XI ss.) literaturul<br />

ZeglebSi, moicavs<br />

rogorc warmarTuli mraval-<br />

RmerTianobis, ise mazdeanobisa<br />

da bibliuri gadmocemebis<br />

elementebs.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom somxeTsa<br />

da saqarTveloSi, iq binadar<br />

tomebs Soris, aTaswleulebis<br />

manZilze erTi da igive<br />

religiuri atmosfero<br />

arsebobda, _ am sferoSi erTa<br />

Soris urTierTobas araviTari<br />

damabrkolebeli lodi ar<br />

eRobeboda. es garemoeba, cxadia,<br />

xels uwyobda am ori xalxisa<br />

da saxelmwifos politikurad<br />

da kulturulad daaxloebas.<br />

am faqtis mniSvneloba<br />

da pozitiuri roli mas<br />

Semdeg gaacnobieres (yovel<br />

SemTxvevaSi, saqarTveloSi),<br />

rac amgvari lodi warmoiSva<br />

Solidarität<br />

LUMEN<br />

da misi arseboba yvelasaTvis<br />

sagrZnobi gaxda. esaa saqarTvelosa<br />

da somxeTis sarwmunoebrivi<br />

da eklesiuri gayofa<br />

gaqristianebis momdevno<br />

saukuneebSi. amitom araa gasakviri,<br />

rom XI-XI I ss-is saqarTveloSi,<br />

romelic realurad<br />

qarTvelTa, somexTa da kavkasiis<br />

sxva xalxebis saxelmwifos<br />

warmoadgenda, aRniSnuli<br />

erTianobis mimarT mZafri<br />

nostalgia gaCnda da xsenebuli<br />

lodis ganeitralebaze<br />

zrunva daiwyo.<br />

leonti mrovelis zemoT dasaxelebuli<br />

wigni, romlis<br />

sruli saTauria `cxovreba<br />

qarTvelTa mefeTa da pirvelTaganTa<br />

mamaTa da naTesavTa~<br />

da romelic `qarTlis<br />

cxovrebis~ fundaments warmoadgens,<br />

ase iwyeba: `pirvelad<br />

vaxsenoT ese, rameTu somexTa<br />

da qarTvelTa, ranTa da movaknelTa,<br />

herTa da lekTa,<br />

megrelTa da kavkasianTa... er-<br />

Ti iyo mama, saxeliT Targamos~.<br />

Targamosma, _ noes ufrosi<br />

vaJis, semis, SviliSvilma,<br />

_ babilonis godolis daqcevis<br />

Semdeg kavkasiis mTebs<br />

miaSura da iq, araratisa da<br />

masisis sanaxebSi, damkvidrda.<br />

man rva gmiri, rva saxelovani<br />

Svili gazarda: haos, qarTlos,<br />

bardos, movakan, lek, heros,<br />

kavkas da egros. Targamosma<br />

kavkasia rva nawilad dayo da<br />

Svilebs gaunawila. Zmebs Soris,<br />

pirvel yovlisa ki qarTlossa<br />

da haoss Soris, e. i. qarTvelTa<br />

da somexTa mamamTavrebs<br />

Soris, erTguleba da siyvaruli<br />

sufevda. magram bednierebas<br />

erTi ram aklda _ Tavisufleba<br />

da damoukidebloba.<br />

JamTaaRmwerlis TqmiT, `ese<br />

rvanive erTobiT hmonebdes<br />

6<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

nebroTs gmirsa, romeli iyo<br />

pirveli mefe yovlisa qveyanisa~.<br />

laparakia bibliur nebroTze<br />

(nimrodze), qamis STamomavalze,<br />

quSis Zeze, romelmac<br />

`iwyo Tavisi Zalovanebis<br />

gamoCena miwaze. is iyo Zalovani<br />

monadire uflis winaSe~<br />

(dab. 10, 8-9). ai, es nebroTi,<br />

devkaci da pirveli mefe dedamiwaze,<br />

imJamad, itoriis<br />

winare xanaSi, Turme kavkasiis<br />

xalxebzec batonobda. Tavisuflebis<br />

droSa, qarTlis<br />

cxovrebis uwyebiT, pirvelad<br />

somexTa mamamTavarma haosma<br />

aafriala da Svidsave Zmas<br />

mouxmo. daiwyo omi, ulmobeli<br />

da usastikesi, nebroTian-<br />

Ta da TargamosianelTa Soris,<br />

romelic nebroTis, dedamiwaze<br />

pirveli mefis, gangmirviT<br />

da misi uZlevelobis<br />

rwmenis gacamtverebiT dasrulda.<br />

kavkasiaSi, kavkasiel-<br />

Ta SeTanxmebuli Zalis wyalobiT,<br />

mSvidobam da Tavisuflebam<br />

daisadgura.<br />

am istoriaSi arsaidan Cans,<br />

araferia naTqvami da miniSnebulic<br />

ki, rom Targamosianelebs<br />

im WeSmaritebisagan<br />

gadaexvioT, romelic maT uSualo<br />

winapars, noes, da mis<br />

ojaxs epyra. aseve vxedavT,<br />

rom maT Soris sulieri da<br />

msoflmxedvelobrivi harmoniaa;<br />

aqvT erTi sarwmunoeba<br />

da es sarwmunoeba, eWvi araa,<br />

mamamTavar noes marTali da<br />

RvTis mosawoni sarwmunoebaa.<br />

ase rom, istoriis gariJraJze,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, kavkasiis<br />

oqros xanaSi, somxebi da qar-<br />

Tvelebi, `qarTlis cxovrebis~<br />

miniSnebiT, aramarto genetikiT<br />

dakavSirebulni, aramed<br />

simarTliTa da WeSmaritebiT<br />

gasxivosnebulni arian.<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

amaRleba. nikorwminda (XI s.)<br />

aseTi xana ki yvela xalxisaTvis<br />

yvela epoqasa da formaciaSi<br />

is saocnebo xanaa, saiTkenac<br />

Taobebi miiswrafian.<br />

rwmena imisa, rom somxebi da<br />

qarTvelebi warmomavlobiT,<br />

Zveli kulturiTa da religiiT<br />

moZme xalxia, cxovelmyofel<br />

Zalas inarCunebda. imave<br />

qarTveli episkoposis cnobiT,<br />

qarTvelebsa da somxebs<br />

SemdgomSic, ukve istoriul<br />

epoqaSi, araerTgzis gauwodebiaT<br />

erTmaneTisaTvis daxmarebis<br />

xeli. es bunebrivicaa,<br />

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />

orive ersa da qveyanas gangebam<br />

TiTqmis erTi da igive<br />

bedi arguna _ brZolebi gareSe<br />

da Sinaur mtrebTan: iranis,<br />

romisa da bizantiis imperiebTan,<br />

Turq-selCukebTan,<br />

separatistebTan. STambeWdavia<br />

qarTvelebisa da somxebis<br />

erToblivi brZolebi sparselebis<br />

winaaRmdeg qarTlis mefeebis<br />

farsman qvelisa da<br />

asfaguris dros (I I -I I I ss.), rac<br />

koaliciuri armiis gamarjvebiT<br />

damTavrda. rodesac farsman<br />

qvelis taxti misma Zmam<br />

mirdatma Zalmomreobis gziT<br />

miisakuTra, samarTlianoba<br />

mxolod somexTa mefis daxmarebiT<br />

aRdga (q. cx. I: gv. 52-<br />

54). marTalia, aseT urTier-<br />

Tobas alag-alag bzaric uCndeboda,<br />

magram suraTi mTlianobaSi<br />

igive rCeboda _ keTili<br />

mezobloba. iyo SemTxveva,<br />

leonti mrovelis uwyebiT,<br />

rodesac somxebis winaaRmdeg<br />

qarTvelebma da osebma erToblivad<br />

gailaSqres. javaxeTSi<br />

maT somexTa mefis artaSanis<br />

Ze zareni Seipyres; wamoiyvanes<br />

darials, sadac osebs misi<br />

mokvla undodaT, magram qar-<br />

Tvelebma maT amis saSualeba<br />

ar misces. viTareba daiZaba,<br />

magram yvelaferi molaparakebiT<br />

damTavrda da problemebi<br />

mogvarda. am ambis Txrobas<br />

ruisis episkoposi (mroveli)<br />

am sityvebiT amTavrebs:<br />

`mieriTgan iqmnes moyvare somexni<br />

da qarTvelni da ovsni.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

7<br />

xaCkari `yovlismxsneli~ (XIII s.)<br />

solidaroba<br />

da samive erTobiT brZodes<br />

mterTa” (q. cx. I: gv. 48-49).<br />

leonti mroveli, rogorc amis<br />

Taobaze qarTvel-somexTa ur-<br />

TierTobis Tanamedrove mkvlevari<br />

aleqsandre abdalaZe<br />

SeniSnavs, aseTi Setakebebis<br />

mimarT `amJRavnebs iseT damokidebulebas,<br />

rom grCeba STabeWdileba,<br />

TiTqos avtori,<br />

marTlac, ZmaTaSoris gaCaRebuli<br />

omis Sesaxeb gviambobdes<br />

da misTvis erTnairad arasasurvelia<br />

romelime mxaris<br />

gamarjveba. alag-alag SeiZleba<br />

gamovicnoT misi survili,<br />

rom... brZolaSi sasurvelia<br />

damarcxdes is mxare, romelsac<br />

edeba pasuxismgebloba<br />

qarTvelTa da somexTa wakidebisa~<br />

(abdalaZe 1982: gv. 5-6).<br />

qristianoba orive qveyanaSi<br />

erTi da imave gziT Sevida da<br />

misionerebic metwilad saer-<br />

To hyavdaT: mociquli barTlome,<br />

grigol parTeli da<br />

nino qarTvelTa ganmanaTle

#1(28)<br />

beli. maT gverdiT dganan qalwulmowameni<br />

(wm. ninos dobilni)<br />

rifsime da gaiane, romlebsac<br />

qarTuli da somxuri saeklesio<br />

tradicia (gansakuTrebiT<br />

XI s-mdeli) TiTqmis Tanabari<br />

qebiT da didebiT moixseniebs.<br />

somxebisa da qarTvelebis<br />

rwmenaSi erTianobis<br />

simbolod warmogvidgeba wm.<br />

SuSaniki, romelic gvartomobiT<br />

somexi iyo, magram mowamis<br />

gvirgvini saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

wiaRSi pova. rodesac misi<br />

mama, saxelganTqmuli sardali<br />

vardan mamikoniani, Sahma<br />

sataxto qalaq ktezifonSi<br />

sikvdiliT dasaja, oblad dar-<br />

Cenili bavSvebi curtavis pitiaxSma<br />

arSuSam saqarTvelo-<br />

Si wamoiyvana da Tavis Svileb-<br />

Tan erTad gazarda. iq SuSaniki<br />

arSuSas rZali gaxda. gavixsenoT,<br />

rogor moixseniebs igi<br />

mamamTils, rodesac qristesagan<br />

garemiqceul qmars, varsqens,<br />

mimarTavs: `mamaman Senman<br />

aRhmarTna samartvileni da<br />

eklesiani aRaSenna da Sen mamisa<br />

Senisa saqmeni ganhryuen da<br />

sxuad gardaaqcien keTilni<br />

misni; mamaman Senman wmidani<br />

Semoixuna saxid Tvisa, xolo<br />

Sen devni Semoixuen; man Rmer-<br />

Ti, Semoqmedi caTai da qveyanisai,<br />

aRiara da hrwmena...~<br />

(Zveli qarTuli... 2005: gv. 12).<br />

marTalia, sarwmunoebaSi erTianoba<br />

Semdeg saukuneeSi warsuls<br />

Cabarda, magram Tamamad<br />

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom swored<br />

am erTianobisa da rwmenismieri<br />

Tanacxovrebis xsovna iqca<br />

Zalad, romelmac orive ers<br />

bevri Znelbedoba da politikuri<br />

kataklizmi gadaatanina<br />

da TiToeul maTgans erTmane-<br />

Tis kulturis salaroebSi<br />

wvlilis Setanisaken ubiZga.<br />

Solidarität<br />

LUMEN<br />

eklesiaTa gayofis<br />

epoqa<br />

qarTlisa da somxeTis anu, rac<br />

igivea, mcxeTisa da eCmiaZinis<br />

sakaTalikosoebs Soris evqaristiuli<br />

kavSiris gawyvetis<br />

safuZveli gaxda polemika,<br />

romelmac V-VI ss-Si bizantia<br />

da mTeli qristianuli aRmosavleTi<br />

moicva. laparakia<br />

samebis meore piris, gankacebuli<br />

RmerTis, bunebis Sesaxeb.<br />

kiTxva ase daisva: ieso<br />

qristes, wuTisofelSi mosuli<br />

RmerTis, pirovnebaSi rogori<br />

urTierTobaa saRvTo<br />

da adamianur (kacebriv) bunebaTa<br />

Soris? anda: igi bunebiT<br />

mxolod RmerTia (erTbunebovani<br />

anu monofizitia) Tu _<br />

bunebiT RmerTic da bunebiT<br />

kacic (orbunebovani anu diofiziti)?<br />

es sakiTxi ganixila<br />

451 wlis msoflio saeklesio<br />

krebam qalkedonSi da romis<br />

pap leonis saRvTismetyvelo<br />

traqtatis (`leonis tomaris~)<br />

safuZvelze SeimuSava dogmati,<br />

romelic WeSmarit moZRvrebad<br />

diofizitobas anu qristes<br />

orbunebianobis sarwmunoebas<br />

aRiarebda. aRniSnul<br />

krebas arc qarTvelebi da arc<br />

somxebi ar daswrebian, radgan<br />

am dros regionSi sparse-<br />

Tis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba daiwyo<br />

da, unda vifiqroT, adgilobrivi<br />

eklesiebis mesveurebma<br />

sazRvargareT gamgzavreba<br />

ver moaxerxes.<br />

Tanamedrove istoriografiaSi<br />

gamyarebulia Semdegi Tvalsazrisi:<br />

sadavo sakiTxze qar-<br />

TvelTa, somexTa da albanTa<br />

eklesiebma Tavidan SedarebiT<br />

neitralur anu Sualedur<br />

mimarTulebas dauWires mxari.<br />

igulisxmeba bizantiis im-<br />

8<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

perator zenonis mier 482 wels<br />

xelmowerili henotikoni (er-<br />

Tianobis aqti; zenonis henotikoni),<br />

romelic zemoT dasmul<br />

kiTxvebs araarsebiTi da<br />

araaqtualuri problemis kvalifikacias<br />

aZlevda, misi garkvevis<br />

survils mavneblobas<br />

uwodebda da am saganze sajaro<br />

kamaTs krZalavda.<br />

kavkasiis xsenebulma eklesiebma<br />

506 wels qalaq dviniSi<br />

moiwvies kreba, romelzec maT<br />

zenonis henotikonis debulebebi<br />

Seiwynares da, amdenad,<br />

unionaluri (Semrigebluri<br />

da gamaerTianebeli) pozicia<br />

SeimuSaves. Semdeg movlenebi<br />

ise ganviTarda, rom erTianoba<br />

dairRva: romis papma feliqs<br />

I I I -m mkacrad dagmo henotikoni<br />

da mis mimdevrebs eklesiidan<br />

gankveTiT daemuqra.<br />

bizantiis saeklesio ierarqiam<br />

da samefo karma, garkveuli<br />

yoymanis Semdeg, qalkedonis<br />

krebis pozicia (diofizitoba)<br />

aRiara. qarTvelebic maT<br />

mxareze dadgnen. aRmosavle-<br />

Tis eklesiaTa garkveuli nawili,<br />

Sinagani nebiT Tu mazdeanuri<br />

iranis zegavleniT,<br />

antiqalkedonitobas (monofizitobas)<br />

miemxrnen. somxebisa<br />

da albanelebis didma nawilmac<br />

es gza airCia _ uaryo<br />

meoTxe krebis (qalkedonis)<br />

avtoriteti da mxolod wina<br />

sami krebis madlmosileba iwama.<br />

554 wels maT imave dvinSi<br />

meore saeklesio kreba moiwvies<br />

da antiqalkedonuri pozicia<br />

daadastures. am faqtis<br />

Semdeg moZme eklesiebi<br />

dogmatikis sferoSi erTmaneTs<br />

gaemijnen da maT Soris<br />

locviTi Tanaziareba (evqaristiuli<br />

kavSiri) SeCerda.<br />

qalkedoniti somxebi saqar-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Tvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi<br />

aRmoCndnen, antiqalkedoniti<br />

qarTvelebi ki _ somxeTis<br />

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.<br />

Sua saukuneebSi batonobda<br />

tradicia, romlis Tanaxmad<br />

esa Tu is sarwmunoeba im erisa<br />

Tu qveynis saxeliT aRiniSneboda,<br />

romelsac mocemuli<br />

sarwmunoeba (konfesia, denominacia)<br />

istoriuli peripetiebiT<br />

ukavSirdeboda. magaliTad,<br />

Zvelad literaturul<br />

da zepir metyvelebaSi<br />

Cveulebrivi movlena iyo gamoTqmebi:<br />

`berZenTa sarwmunoeba~<br />

anu marTlmadidebloba<br />

(qalkedonitoba) da<br />

berZeni marTlmadidebeli,<br />

qalkedonitis mniSvnelobiT,<br />

`laTinTa sarwmunoeba~ anu<br />

kaTolikoba da laTini (aseve:<br />

frangi) kaTolikes mniSvnelobiT.<br />

aseTive tradicia<br />

damkvidrda kavkasiaSic: qalkedonitebi<br />

qarTvelebad<br />

moixseniebodnen da mogvianebiT<br />

gaqarTveldnen kidec,<br />

antiqalkedonitebi _ somxebad<br />

da isinic gasomxdnen.<br />

da-eklesiebis gayofam (sqizmam)<br />

orive mezobeli eri da<br />

qveyana daazarala. marTalia,<br />

eCmiaZinis sakaTalikosom<br />

liberaluri da rbili kursi<br />

aiRo da arc monofizitobisadmi<br />

erTgulebaSi gamouCenia<br />

mas simtkice da Tanmimdevruloba,<br />

magram im urTierTbraldebebma<br />

da zogjer arakoreqtulma<br />

sityvebma, rac<br />

orive mxridan ismoda, xalxebisa<br />

da qveynebis tradiciul<br />

urTierTobas bzari gau-<br />

Cina; erTi da imave RmerTis<br />

(ieso qristes) madidebeli<br />

erebi erTmaneTs ise veRar<br />

ugebdnen da erTmaneTs imave<br />

TvaliT veRar umzerdnen,<br />

rogoriTac adre; alag-alag<br />

moyvasis damcrobis mankierebamac<br />

iCina Tavi. aRmocenda<br />

problema, rac orive qveynisa<br />

da eklesiis Wirisuflebma<br />

male gaacnobieres da gamosavlis<br />

Zebna daiwyes. amis dasturia<br />

mimowera kirion qarTlis<br />

kaTalikossa da abraam<br />

somexTa kaTalikoss Soris<br />

(VI-VI I ss-is mijna), romelic<br />

somxur enazea Semonaxuli<br />

krebulSi `epistoleTa wigni~<br />

(qarTuli Targmani: epistole-<br />

Ta wigni , 1968). esaa mZafri<br />

polemika, romelSic TiToeuli<br />

mxare erTmaneTs eklesiis<br />

mamaTa gadmocemebisa da<br />

dadgenilebebis darRvevaSi<br />

adanaSaulebs, magram aqve<br />

sagrZnobia orive ierarqis<br />

gulistkivili imis gamo, rac<br />

moxda. moxdeniT ki upirveles<br />

yovlisa is moxda, rom ieso<br />

qristes ukanaskneli locva<br />

da anderZi ar Sesrulda: `ra-<br />

Ta yvela erTi iyos, rogorc<br />

Sen CemSi, mamao, me ki SenSi;<br />

raTa isinic iyvnen CvenSi,<br />

raTa irwmunos sofelma, rom<br />

Sen momavline~ (ioane 17:21).<br />

amis gamo, aRniSnuli epostoleebis<br />

mixedviT, orive polemistis<br />

mizania, rom saerTo<br />

safuZveli gamoinaxos, yurad-<br />

Reba swored imis mimarT iqnes<br />

gamaxvilebuli, rac saerToa,<br />

da ara imis mimarT, rac erTmaneTisagan<br />

gangvasxvavebs da<br />

gvaSorebs. isini aRiareben da<br />

xSirad usvamen xazs imas, rom<br />

maT aerTianebT saerTo winaprebi,<br />

saerTo ganmanaTleblebi,<br />

saerTo wmindanebi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ki dedofal SuSanikis<br />

mowamebrivi Rvawli; ixseneben<br />

im dros, rodesac qar-<br />

Tvelebi da somxebi erTad,<br />

erTsa da imave taZarSi loculobdnen:<br />

wm. SuSanikma, maga-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

9<br />

solidaroba<br />

liTad, curtavis Sereul samrevloebSi<br />

orenovani (qarTulsomxuri)<br />

wirva-locvis praqtika<br />

daawesao.<br />

aseTi nostalgia eklesiaTa<br />

mesveurebs da polemistebs<br />

hkarnaxobda, rom maT, urTierTbraldebebisa<br />

da damuna-<br />

Tebis garda, gaexsenebinaT<br />

saerTo istoria rogorc er-<br />

Tadyofnis Jami _ ideali da<br />

miswrafebis sagani. `sarwmunoebriv<br />

erTobas da orive Cveni<br />

qveynis maspinZlobas curtavis<br />

eklesia uryevi SeuvalobiT<br />

icavda... siyvaruli,<br />

xorcieli moyvroba da sulieri<br />

ziareba sruldeboda SvebiT<br />

aRsavse sixaruliT. aqedan<br />

mcxeTaSi jvars midiodnen<br />

da mandedan wminda kaTolikes<br />

modiodnen~ (gv. 66), _<br />

ambobs abraami. laparakia momlocvelobaze<br />

somxeTidan<br />

saqarTveloSi da saqarTvelodan<br />

somxeTSi. konfliqtis<br />

simwvavis miuxedavad, kirioni<br />

erTianobis SenarCunebis imeds<br />

ar kargavs da ambobs: Cvenca<br />

da Tqvenc `sarwmunoeba ierusalimisa<br />

gvaqvs da gveqneba~.<br />

amasve swamebs marzpani s(u)mbati,<br />

rodesac wers: `ididos<br />

qriste RmerTi, rogorc winaT<br />

gvaswavles Cven netarma moZ-<br />

Rvrebma da viyaviT sarwmunoebiT<br />

erTni yvelani... rogorc<br />

Cveni mamebi iyvnen. radgan er-<br />

Ti moZRvris mowafe da xvedri<br />

varT, rogorc Cveni mamebi<br />

cxovrobdnen, gvqondes sarwmunoeba<br />

RvTis mimarT da ur-<br />

TierTis siyvaruli~ (gv. 74).<br />

eklesiaTa gayofiT gaCenili<br />

iaris moSuSebis survili IX-X<br />

ss-Si imdenad Zlieri aRmoCnda,<br />

rom orive qveyanaSi am<br />

movlenis gamomwvevi mizezebis

#1(28)<br />

sawinamZRvro jvari.<br />

ostati _ gabriel safareli. breTi (X s.).<br />

saq. erovnuli muzeumi<br />

mecnieruli Seswavla daiwyes.<br />

daiwera gamokvlevebi da traqtatebi<br />

imis gasarkvevad, Tu<br />

romelma eklesiam gadauxvia<br />

WeSmariti moZRvrebisagan;<br />

ris gamo gadauxvia, vin da ra<br />

faqtorma Seasrula am saqme-<br />

Si eSmakis roli da riT SegviZlia<br />

vumkurnaloT avadmyofobas,<br />

romelic gvWirs da<br />

romelmac ZmaTa siyvarulis<br />

samoseli gaxia. am problemas<br />

soliduri gamokvlevebi miuZ-<br />

Rvnes imdroindelma swavlulebma.<br />

eseni arian: qarTvelTa<br />

mxridan, mcxeTis kaTalikosi<br />

arseni (zedwodebiT didi,<br />

safareli), romelsac ekuTvnis<br />

istoriuli da dogmaturpolemikuri<br />

narkvevi `ganyofisaTvis<br />

qarTlisa da somxi-<br />

Tisa~ (ix. e. WeliZis dazustebuli<br />

gamocema), da, somexTa<br />

mxridan, urhaeli (edeseli)<br />

episkoposi uxtanesi, romelmac<br />

dawera analogiuri, amas-<br />

Tanave erTob wyaroTmcodneobiTi,<br />

naSromi `istoria gamoyofisa<br />

qarTvelTa somexTagan~<br />

(Targmna z. aleqsiZem).<br />

orive eklesiis warmomadgenlisa<br />

da apologetis mizani<br />

imaSic mdgomareobs, rom, ro-<br />

Solidarität<br />

LUMEN<br />

samreklo. eCmiaZini (XVII s.)<br />

gorc qarTvelma, ise somexma<br />

mkiTxvelma Semdegi garemoeba<br />

gaiTvaliswinos: mezobel eklesiebs<br />

Soris urTierTobis<br />

gamwvavebasa da ganxeTqileba-<br />

Si pasuxismgebloba akisria<br />

ara xalxs, erebs da qveynebs,<br />

aramed istoriis konkretul<br />

monakveTSi Seqmnil politikur<br />

garemos, romlis inspiratori<br />

gareSe Zalaa. mcxeTis<br />

episkoposi, rodesac eklesiaTa<br />

gayofis mizezebze laparakobs,<br />

gulistkivils ver malavs<br />

imis gamo, rom verc bizantiam<br />

da verc sxva qveyanam<br />

(igulisxmeba: saqarTvelomac)<br />

ver daicves marTlmorwmune<br />

somexTa eri da saxelmwifo<br />

iranis TviTmpyrobeli Sahis<br />

agresiisagan. agresorma maT<br />

ultimatumi wauyena: an gane-<br />

SoreT `berZenTa sarwmunoebas~,<br />

an monobis usastikes<br />

uRels SeegueTo. somxeTis<br />

saero da saeklesio zedafenam,<br />

Tanamedrove eniTGrom<br />

vTqvaT, konformistuli gadawyvetileba<br />

miiRo da aRmosavlel<br />

mbrZanebelTa winaSe<br />

qedi moidrika, rac qalkedonis<br />

krebis madlmosilebis uaryofaSi<br />

gamoixata. ase fiqrobs<br />

10<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

IX s-is qarTveli istorikosi.<br />

CvenTvis aq arsebiTia ara imis<br />

garkveva, ramdenad obieqturi<br />

da safuZvliania es xedva,<br />

aramed imis aRniSvna qarTveli<br />

sasuliero pirisagan, rom<br />

patiosani somexi eri udana-<br />

Sauloa maTsa da qrTvelebs<br />

Soris maxinji kedlis aRmar-<br />

TvaSi. es intrigis kedelia,<br />

romelic mesame Zalam saku-<br />

Tari politikuri interesebis<br />

Sesabamisad aRmarTa. amave<br />

poziciaze dgas uxtanesic,<br />

romelic momxdarSi qarTlis<br />

mRvdelmTavarsa da bizantiis<br />

xelisuflebas adanaSaulebs<br />

da ara qarTvelTa ersa da<br />

saqarTvelos.<br />

aRniSnuli kedlisa Tu jebiris<br />

moSlis sakiTxi saqarTvelos<br />

politikuri elitis winaSe<br />

axali SemarTebiT XI s-Si<br />

daisva. esaa epoqa, rodesac<br />

afxazTa da qarTvelTa samefo<br />

kavkasiis xalxTa konsolidaciis<br />

ideiT gamovida da<br />

erTiani saxelmwifos farglebSi<br />

mezobeli qveynebis SemoerTeba<br />

daiwyo. Cans, am saqmis<br />

Taosani mefe daviT aRma-<br />

Senebeli ara Zaladobis, aramed<br />

Tavisuflebisa da nebayoflobiTobis<br />

principiT xelmZRvanelobda.<br />

mas surda, daerwmunebina<br />

kavkasiis mkvidrni,<br />

rom maTi politikuri er-<br />

Tianobis idea istoriis siRrmidan<br />

modis. es martivi amocana<br />

ar iyo. da ai, vxedavT,<br />

rom mefe aRmaSeneblis gverdiT<br />

eklesiis ara erTi da ori<br />

warmomadgeneli dgas, _ aR-<br />

Wurvili codniT da moqalaqeobrivi<br />

SegnebiT. aseTia ruisis<br />

episkoposi leonti, romlis<br />

koncefcias ukve SevexeT.<br />

mas SemTxveviT ar gaumaxvilebia<br />

yuradReba imis Taoba-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ze, rom somxebs kavkasiis<br />

istoriisa da kulturis wina-<br />

Se gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba<br />

miuZRviT da rom aRmSeneblobiT<br />

process isini mudam<br />

qarTvelebTan erTad warmarTavdnen.<br />

Tuki am erebs<br />

Tanacxovrebis aseTi didi da<br />

mdidari tradicia aqvT, ra<br />

uSliT xels, rom es tradicia<br />

gaagrZelon? Tuki orive<br />

mxridan keTili neba iarsebebs,<br />

is kedelic gadailaxeba,<br />

romelic konfesiis safuZvelze<br />

aRmocenda.<br />

eWvi araa, maSin aseTi kiTxva<br />

daismeboda: ra sisqisa da simaRlisaa<br />

es kedeli? ramdenad<br />

Zlieri da Seuvalia is ganmasxvavebeli<br />

niSani, romelic<br />

erTi da imave qristes saxeliT<br />

naTelRebul erebs erTmaneTisagan<br />

aucxovebs? dogmatebi,<br />

romlebic erTs meorisagan<br />

da meores pirvelisagan<br />

aSorebs, Zmobisa da siyvarulis<br />

gzasac unda amrudebdes?<br />

daviT aRmaSenebeli da<br />

samefo kari liberalur<br />

poziciaze idgnen da `somexTa<br />

sarwmunoebas~ qveynisa da sazogadoebisaTvis<br />

saziano movlenad<br />

ar aRiqvamdnen. amas is<br />

faqtic adasturebs, rom wm.<br />

mefem saqarTveloSi somexTa<br />

didi nakadi Semoiyvana da maT<br />

eklesiebi aaSenebina. leonti<br />

mrovelic liberaluri eklesiologiis<br />

mimdevrad warmogvidgeba.<br />

`somexTa sarwmunoeba~<br />

misTvis an ar warmoadgens<br />

eress, anda mas miaCnia, rom<br />

eresi ar aris im rangis movlena,<br />

romelmac politikuri<br />

da kulturuli Tanaarsebobis<br />

gzaze unda dagvabrkolos.<br />

amitomaa, rom igi, marTlmadidebeli<br />

mRvdelmTavari, ar<br />

amaxvilebs yuradRebas sarw-<br />

munoebriv barierze, romelic<br />

qarTvelTa da somexTa<br />

Soris arsebobs.<br />

amasTanave: Teoriulad dasaSvebia<br />

da literaturuli wyaroebiTac<br />

dasturdeba, rom<br />

aRniSnul liberalizms orive<br />

mxridan fanatikos-fundamentalistebi<br />

da rigoristebi<br />

daupirispirdnen. isini erTmaneTs<br />

mourideblad da haiharad<br />

eretikosebsa da mwvaleblebs<br />

eZaxdnen. amis dasturia<br />

radikaluri Sinaarsis<br />

ramdenime dokumenti, romlebic<br />

berZnulidan qarTulad<br />

amave periodSi unda eTargmnaT:<br />

`uwyeba petros mkawrvelisaTvis<br />

da alajorisaTvis<br />

da alajorTa marxvisa~, `uwyeba<br />

subalisZis sufsarqisisaTvis~<br />

da `Targmaneba somex-<br />

Ta wualebaTaTvis, Tu romliTa<br />

SeiCvenebian somexni~. analogiuri<br />

(oRond antiqalkedonuri)<br />

teqstebi somxebsac<br />

SeudgeniaT. ruis-urbnisis<br />

saeklesio krebam (1105 w.), magaliTad,<br />

im antiqalkedoniti<br />

somxebis sruli naTlisReba<br />

ganaCina, romlebic qalkedonitTa<br />

eklesiasTan SeerTebas<br />

moisurvebdnen (kanoni 15). ma-<br />

Sasadame, am krebam somxur anu,<br />

misiv kvalifikaciiT, erTbunebianTa<br />

eklesiaSi Sesrulebuli<br />

wesi baTilad gamoacxada,<br />

Tumca rjulis kanoni am<br />

sakiTxze sxva miTiTebebs Seicavs.<br />

magaliTad SegviZlia<br />

davasaxeloT VI msoflio saeklesio<br />

krebis (trulis) 95-e<br />

kanoni, romlis Tanaxmad mwvalebelTa<br />

garkveul jgufs,<br />

kerZod, monofizitebs, Tuki<br />

marTlmadideblad gaxdoma<br />

undaT, mxolod xelwerilis<br />

dadeba da yvela wvalebis, am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, evtiqis, diosko-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

11<br />

solidaroba<br />

resa da severozis, e. i. maTi<br />

eresiarqebis, SeCveneba evalebaT<br />

da ara axali naTlisReba.<br />

savaraudoa, rom ruis-urbnisis<br />

krebis aRniSnuli kanoni<br />

daviT aRmaSeneblisa da<br />

leonti mrovelis ideologiis<br />

mowinaaRmdegeTa zegavleniT<br />

Camoyalibda.<br />

aseT ganwyobilebaTa arsebobis<br />

miuxedavad, Teologiuri<br />

da kulturul-SemoqmedebiTi<br />

kontaqtebi erTi wuTiTac ar<br />

Sewyvetila. qarTveli mwerlebi<br />

didad afasebdnen saRv-<br />

To werilisa da eklesiis mamaTa<br />

memkvidreobis somxurenovan<br />

Targmanebs da am TargmanebiT<br />

isini xSirad soxeTis<br />

eklesiasTan evqaristiuli<br />

urTierTobis gawyvetis merec<br />

sargeblobdnen. amis saukeTeso<br />

nimuSia qarTul enaze Teologiuri<br />

traqtatebis uZvelesi<br />

sqeltaniani wigni `Satberdis<br />

krebuli~ (X s.).<br />

krebebi da paeqrobebi<br />

xelisufleba amCnevda, rom<br />

qveynis erTianobasa da mTlianobas<br />

religia seriozul safrTxes<br />

uqmnida. am niadagze da-<br />

Zabulobis ganmuxtvis imediT<br />

man XI-XI I ss-Si ramdenime sajaro<br />

paeqroba moawyo. maTgan<br />

dokumenturad samia cnobili.<br />

pirveli paeqroba (sityvisgeba)<br />

bagrat meoTxis dros<br />

(1027-1072) RrtilaSi (artanujSi)<br />

Sedga. aq erTmaneTs<br />

daupirispirdnen ierusalimidan<br />

Camosuli beri eqvTime<br />

da somexi moZRvari sosTeni.<br />

qarTuli wyaros mixedviT<br />

(somxuri cnobili ar aris), eqvTimem<br />

samoZRvro-sapaeqro

#1(28)<br />

saxelmZRvaneloebis (somxurad<br />

patimoTinebis) iseTi codna<br />

gamoamJRavna, rom mowinaaRmdegem<br />

kamaTi veRar gaagrZela<br />

da marcxi aRiara (bolo gamocema:<br />

literaturuli Ziebani,<br />

Tb., 1983).<br />

meore kreba daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

dros Sedga (q. cx. I: gv.<br />

356-357). iniciatori, `cxovreba<br />

mefeT-mefisa daviTisis~<br />

mixedviT, somxebi yofilan, ukmayofiloni<br />

imis gamo, rom<br />

qarTvelebi maT eretikosebs<br />

da mwvaleblebs eZaxdnen. amave<br />

wyaros somxur TargmanSi<br />

ki vkiTxulobT, es mefem Tvi-<br />

Ton moindomao. asea Tu ise,<br />

rogorc dedani, ise Targmani<br />

cxadyofs, rom paeqroba dilidan<br />

daRamebamde gagrZelebula.<br />

imis muxedavad, rom masSi<br />

monawileoba ganTqmulma qar-<br />

Tvelma RvTismetyvelma arsen<br />

iyalToelma miiRo, damajerebeli<br />

argumentebi verc<br />

erTma mxarem ver moitana. mematianis<br />

TqmiT, `iyo orker-<br />

Zove Zlevis moyvareba da cud<br />

sityvaTa paeqroba: rameTu Sevidian<br />

SeuvalTa saqmeTa da<br />

Zniad gamosavalTa, romeli<br />

ese Seewyina mefesa da Tqva:<br />

Tqven, Zmano, siRrmesa same Sesul<br />

xarT da ucnaurTa xedvaTa,<br />

viTarca filosofosni,<br />

da Cven vera-ras uZlebT cnobad,<br />

viTarca uswavlelni da<br />

yovlad msoflioni...~. qar-<br />

Tul dedanSi naTqvamia, rom<br />

daviT aRmaSenebelma, sakuTari<br />

Tavis aserigad damcrobis<br />

miuxedavad, STagonebuli sityva<br />

warmoTqva da qalkedonit-<br />

Ta pozicia gaamagra. somxur<br />

TargmanSi es detali ar gvxvdeba,<br />

samagierod iq naTqvamia:<br />

mefem `TviT martivi da cxadi<br />

sityviT daawynara orive mxa-<br />

Solidarität<br />

LUMEN<br />

re da gauSva kreba~ (qarTlis<br />

cxovreba 1953: gv. 254-255).<br />

dapirispirebam gacilebiT<br />

mwvave xasiaTi im krebaze mii-<br />

Ro, romelic Tamaris dros<br />

gaimarTa (q. cx. I I : gv. 82-90).<br />

sababad qceula uTanxmoeba<br />

saqarTvelos antiqalkedonit<br />

amirspasalar zaqaria mxargrZelsa<br />

da qalkedonit kaTalikos<br />

ioanes Soris. es paeqrobac<br />

Sebindebamde gagrZelda,<br />

daskvnis gamotana ki mainc<br />

SeuZlebeli gaxda. maSin qarTlis<br />

kaTalikosma wamoayena<br />

winadadeba, romlis Tanaxmad<br />

ziarebiseuli puris naWrebi<br />

(sefiskverebi) sami dRis na-<br />

SimSileb ZaRlebisaTvis unda<br />

miecaT. romeli eklesiis pursac<br />

ZaRli pirs daakarebda,<br />

im eklesiis ziareba Zalamoklebulad<br />

gamocxaddeboda. es<br />

iniciativa mefe-dedofals ar<br />

moewonaT, magram Cans, polemistebi<br />

da maTi Tanamdgomni<br />

iseT eqstazSi iyvnen Sesulni,<br />

rom maT winaSe Zlevamosili<br />

xelmwifenic ki `uRonoebaman<br />

moicuna~ da kaTalikoss mxolod<br />

es uTxres: `ra ese sTqvi,<br />

sasmeneladac zaria!~. gamocdaSi<br />

qarTvelebma gaimarjves:<br />

maT purs ZaRlma piri ar daakara,<br />

somxebisas _ ki. Tuki<br />

mTxrobelis teqsts guldasmiT<br />

wavikiTxavT, SevniSnavT,<br />

rom dedofali Tamari gamocdis<br />

process ar daeswro, _ albaT<br />

protestis niSnad. mefe<br />

daviT soslani (asea is saxeldebuli<br />

wyaroSi) daeswro, magram<br />

mkiTxveli grZnobs, rom<br />

mis guls am dros mwuxareba<br />

daufleboda. eWvi araa, mefededofals,<br />

qveyanSi mSvidobisa<br />

da stabilurobis garantT,<br />

kargad ar eniSnebodaT<br />

is, rac `saswauls~ Sedegad<br />

12<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

mohyva: somxebis nawilis gadanaTvla,<br />

maT Soris, zaqarias<br />

Zmis, msaxurTuxuces ivanesi.<br />

`saswauls~, rogorc wesi, yvela<br />

erTnairad ar acnobierebs.<br />

savaraudoa, rom amis gamo<br />

qveynis umaRles moxeleebs _<br />

amirspasalar zaqariasa da<br />

msaxurTuxuces ivanes _ Soris<br />

uTanxmoebam daisadgura. mTavrobas<br />

aranakleb daafiqrebda<br />

is garemoeba, rom kaTalikos<br />

ioanes `saswauli~ erTi da<br />

imave saxelmwifos ori eklesiis<br />

urTierTobas veranairad<br />

ver waadgeboda. es ki sxvadasxva<br />

sarwmunoebis moqalaqeTa<br />

Tanacxovrebas da, amdenad,<br />

qveynis politikur interesebs<br />

daazaralebda.<br />

Znelbedobis Jami<br />

mefeTmefe Tamaris gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg saqarTvelos<br />

oqros xana damTavrda. gareSe<br />

Tu Sinauri faqtorebis gamo<br />

qveyana umZimesma politikurma,<br />

ekonomikurma da sulierma<br />

krizisma moicva. erTiani samefo<br />

daiSala. somxuri samociqulo<br />

eklesiis saepiskoposo<br />

kaTedrebi qarTlis samefos<br />

sazRvrebs gareT aRmoCnda,<br />

magram aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

regionebSi mainc didi<br />

somxuri diaspora moqmedebda<br />

da Tbilisi somxuri kulturis<br />

Zlier kerad rCeboda.<br />

ra viTarebaa am dros Cveni<br />

Temis TvalsazrisiT? gvrCeba<br />

STabeWdileba, rom gaWirvebam<br />

sxvadasxva konfesiis adamianebi<br />

kidev ufro daaaxlova,<br />

rac aramarto yofiT urTierTobebSi<br />

gamoixata, aramed<br />

_ TanalocvaSic. amis sauke-<br />

Teso magaliTia berTa qalaqi<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gareji, romelSic ara erTi<br />

da ori Zveli somxuri kedlis<br />

warweraa dadasturebuli. isini<br />

Sesrulebulia somexi momlocvelebisagan,<br />

romlebic<br />

TiTqos imave nostalgiiT<br />

iyvnen Sepyrobilni, rogori-<br />

Tac kaTalikosi abraami, romelic<br />

saqarTveloSi siwminde-<br />

Ta mosalocad siaruls netarebiT<br />

ixsenebda.<br />

mkvlevarTa gansakuTrebul<br />

interess imsaxurebs garejis<br />

udabnos monastris kedelze<br />

erTi da imave xeliT 1467 wels<br />

amokawruli sami qarTuli da<br />

ori somxuri warwera. erT-er-<br />

Ti qarTuli warwera ase iSifreba:<br />

`q. me, codvili iovane<br />

xucesi, moqalaqe somexTa, ve-<br />

Toma mociqulis darwmuneba. zatiki (XII s.)<br />

Rirse wmida daviTis saflavs.<br />

vinc erTi piri Sendoba brZanoT,<br />

misiTa madliTa cxondebiT...~<br />

daaxloebiT aseTive<br />

Sinaarsisaa somxuri warwerebic,<br />

romelSic iovanes Sesatyvisia<br />

hovanes. bunebrivad<br />

daismis kiTxva iovane-hovanes<br />

aRmsareblobis Sesaxeb. bolo<br />

xans gairkva, rom is somxuri<br />

samociqulo eklesiis Svilia.<br />

Temo jojuas gamokvleviT, es<br />

is xucesi hovanesia, romelic<br />

XV s-is Sua wlebSi Tbilisis<br />

erT-erT somxur eklesiaSi<br />

msaxurobs; aris SesaniSnavi<br />

kaligrafi da mwignobari. Cvenamde<br />

eqvsma mis mier gadawerilma<br />

somxurma xelnawerma<br />

moaRwia anderZebiTurT<br />

(jojua 2001: gv. 154-155).<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

13<br />

solidaroba<br />

Cven winaSe aseTi suraTi ixateba:<br />

somxuri eklesiis msaxuri<br />

1467 wels midis marTlmadidebelTa<br />

monasterSi da iq,<br />

taZarSi, locvebs aRavlens.<br />

faqtia isic, rom es pirovneba<br />

Rrmadaa integrirebuli<br />

qarTul sinamdvileSi: orenovani<br />

mwerali da saqarTvelos<br />

Wirisufalia, raSic mis<br />

mier saqarTvelos mefe goirgis<br />

didebiT xseneba gvarwmunebs.<br />

igulisxmeba giorgi VIII,<br />

romelic qarTlis taxts 1446-<br />

1466 ww-Si ganagebda. mis politikas<br />

interkonfesiuri saqmianoba<br />

axasiaTebda. man evropaSi<br />

elCoba gagzavna da romis<br />

paps eklesiaTa daaxloebis<br />

survili gauziara. eWvi araa,<br />

igi somxuri da qarTuli ek-<br />

ana da mariamis Sexvedra. oTxTavi.<br />

somxuri miniatura (XVII s.).<br />

saq. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

#1(28)<br />

lesiebis daaxloebisTvisac<br />

iRvwoda. mis pozicias, rogorc<br />

Cans, daviT garejis<br />

bermonazvnobac iziarebda da<br />

maT savaneSi somxebs misvlis<br />

uflebac hqondaT da samadlobel-savedrebelilocvebis<br />

kedelze amokveTisac.<br />

TanamSromlobisa da Tanalocvis<br />

praqtika XVI I -XVIII ss-<br />

Si kidev ufro gaZlierda. imdroindeli<br />

qarTveli mefeebi,<br />

gansakuTrebiT erekle I I ,<br />

dainteresebulni iyvnen somxebis<br />

SemosaxlebiT da maT Se-<br />

RavaTebsac uwesebdnen. saqar-<br />

Tvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

ierarqiac saero xelisuflebis<br />

gverdiT dadga da, Tanamedrove<br />

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,<br />

interkonfesiuri da ekumenuri<br />

pozicia gamoavlina.<br />

gacxovelda qarTvel-somexTa<br />

TanamSromloba Teologiis,<br />

mecnierebisa da literaturis<br />

ganxriT. ori mezobeli xalxis<br />

warmomadgenlebi erTmaneTis<br />

enebs swavlobdnen da intensiur<br />

mTargmnelobiT saqmianobas<br />

eweodnen. aseTi TanamSromlobis<br />

sailustraciod<br />

uamravi masala mogvepoveba.<br />

mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenad<br />

zurab SanSovanis qarTuli<br />

enis gramatika warmogvidgeba.<br />

esaa qarTulad dawerili<br />

pirveli gramatika qarTuli<br />

enisa, romelic avtors, rogorc<br />

Tavad aRniSnavs, 1737 wels<br />

vaxtang VI-is brZanebisamer da<br />

RvTis sadideblad Seudgenia.<br />

1755 wels, kaTalikos antonis<br />

RvawliT, TbilisSi gaixsna<br />

sasuliero seminaria, romlis<br />

reqtorad somxuri eklesiis<br />

mRvdeli filipe yaiTmazaSvili<br />

dainiSna. is imdenad ganaTlebuli<br />

pirovneba yofila, rom<br />

Solidarität<br />

LUMEN<br />

imdroindeli swavlulebi mas<br />

doqtorad moixsenieben, rac<br />

qarTul sinamdvileSi pirveli<br />

SemTxvevaa. man aRzarda mTeli<br />

pleada qarTvel moRvaweTa,<br />

romelTagan disiTeoz nekreselisa<br />

da anton cagerel-Wyondidelis<br />

dasaxelebac sakmarisia.<br />

maRali erudiciiTa da<br />

ekumenuri suliskveTebiT<br />

gamoirCeoda qarTl-kaxeTSi<br />

mcxovreb somexTa episkoposi<br />

avetiqi. ai, ras ambobs mdivanbegi<br />

ioane orbeliani mis Sesaxeb:<br />

`movida samefod saqar-<br />

Tveloisad, qalaqad tfilisad,<br />

somexTa kaTolikosisa<br />

mier episkoposad da ebgurad<br />

warmovlenili saqarTvelosa<br />

Sina myofTa somexTa zeda yovlad<br />

brZeni avetiq episkoposi...<br />

kaci friadi saqoi da ganswavluli<br />

xedviTisa da saqmi-<br />

Tisa mecnierebiTa~. aRsaniSnavia<br />

masTan kaTalikos-patriarq<br />

anton I-is TanamSromloba<br />

da is faqti, rom mis leqciebs<br />

qarTveli marTlmadideblebic<br />

didi interesiT ismendnen<br />

(kekeliZe: gv. 364-365).<br />

es suliskveTeba da urTier-<br />

Toba ruseTis koloniuri re-<br />

Jimis pirobebSi gaRrmavda.<br />

qarTvelebsa da somxebs Soris<br />

sarwmunoebis niadagze warmoqmnil<br />

problemebs saqarTvelos<br />

axali istoria ar icnobs.<br />

piriqiT! vxedavT (gansakuTrebiT<br />

presaSi), rom am<br />

dros qarTvelebi da somxebi<br />

yvelaze ukeT swored aRmsareblobis<br />

sferoSi ugeben er-<br />

TmaneTs; aqvT saerTo salocavebi<br />

da erTadac loculoben.<br />

gvaxsendeba didi sazogado<br />

moRvawisa da publicistis<br />

niko nikolaZis mogonebani,<br />

romelSic, sxvaTa Soris, saubaria<br />

imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogo-<br />

14<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

ri tolerantoba da sulieri<br />

harmonia sufevda quTaisSi.<br />

avadmyofi babuaCemi, makurnebel<br />

Zalas rom ziareboda,<br />

mamidaCemma quTaisidan qarTlSi<br />

gadmoiyvana, raTa cxinvalsa<br />

da gorSi mogveloca da<br />

kidec moviloceT marTlmadidebluri<br />

da somxuri eklesiebio;<br />

mamaCemi da misi kolegebi,<br />

quTaiseli somexi da kaTolike<br />

vaWrebi (iakob nikolaZe,<br />

petre mRebrovi da gabriel<br />

endronikaSvili), mogzaurobaSi<br />

gasvlis win erT saxlSi<br />

naTesavebTan erTad ikribebodnen,<br />

moiyvandnen dekanozs,<br />

terterasa da patrs da paraklisebs<br />

ixdidneno (nikolaZe:<br />

gv. 25).<br />

`raTa swrafiTa da<br />

RuawliTa CueniTa<br />

aRdgenil iqmnes<br />

erTobai Cuendami<br />

rwmunebulTa erTai~<br />

_ es uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq<br />

kirion meoris sityvebia<br />

epistoledan, romelic man<br />

1917 wlis 14 noembers yovel-<br />

Ta somexTa umaRles patriarqsa<br />

da uwmides kaTalikoss gaugzavna<br />

(`sveticxoveli~, 1917,<br />

# 4). saqarTvelos axalaRsaydrebulma<br />

mwyemsmTavarma<br />

qristesmieri siyvaruliT<br />

moikiTxa `haikanis RmrTivmo-<br />

SiSi eri~ da misi eklesiis<br />

saWeTmpyrobeli. aRniSna, rom<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiam ganaaxla<br />

avtokefalia da am eklesias<br />

moZme somexi eris eklesiasTan<br />

Zmuri urTierTobis<br />

ganaxleba surs: radgan am ur-<br />

TTierTobas Zveli da myari<br />

tradicia aqvs, misi ganaxleba<br />

WeSmaritad Rirs ars.<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

`Zmuri naTesaobai qarTlosian-haosianTai,<br />

mslvelobasa<br />

saukuneTasa ganmtkicebuli,<br />

ganbrwyinvebul iqmna embazsa<br />

Sina ierusaleimis qristianobisasa<br />

da Zmani ese axovanni<br />

uxvad hfendes kedarTa aRmosavlisaTa<br />

SaravandTa RmrTivmecnierebisa<br />

da keTilmsaxurebisaTa.<br />

garna manqanebiTa kacTmoZulisa<br />

eSmakisaiTa daiTesa Cven<br />

Soris RuarZli sarwmunoebi-<br />

Ti lalvisai da dasawyissa meSvidisa<br />

saukunisasa iqmna ganwualebai<br />

erTmorwmuneTa Zma-<br />

Tai. ganwualebaman Cvenman<br />

warmoSva dakninebai Cveni, xolo<br />

dakninebiTa amiTa mterman<br />

sastikman ganamtkica qedsa<br />

zeda Cvensa saydari batonobisa<br />

Tvisisai.<br />

aRsruli saydarsa uwmidesTa<br />

CemTa winamoadgileTa, mogikiTxav<br />

uwmideso meufeo da<br />

vlocav ufalsa, raTa swrafi-<br />

Ta da RuawliTa CueniTa aRdgenil<br />

iqmnes erTobai Cuendami<br />

rwmunebulTa erTai; er-<br />

Tobasa vityvi ara sarwmunoebriv-doRmatikursa,<br />

aramed<br />

moqalaqeobriv-ganmanaTleblobiTsa,<br />

raTa damyardes<br />

Cven Soris Zmobai da urTier-<br />

Tas gulisxmisyofai da raTa<br />

samSoblosa Sina Cuensa gansaxierdes<br />

sasufeveli RmrTisai~.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

15<br />

solidaroba<br />

1. a. abdalaZe, `qarTlis cxovreba~ da saqarTvelo-somxeTis urTierToba<br />

(uZvelesi droidan XI I saukunis dasawyisamde), Tb., 1982.<br />

2. arseni mcxeTeli kaTalikozi, ganyofisaTvis qarTlisa da somxiTisa.<br />

spekali sarwmunoebisa, gamosacemad moamzada da sqolioebi daurTo<br />

ediSer WeliZem, Tb., 2007.<br />

3. epistoleTa wigni, somxuri teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT, gamokvleviTa da<br />

komentarebiT gamosca z. aleqsiZem, Tb., 1968.<br />

4. k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. 1, Tb. 1980.<br />

5. v. s. nalbandiani, Tbilisi Zvel somxur mwerlobaSi uZvelesi droidan<br />

XVI I I saukunis bolomde, somxuridan Targmnes<br />

n. janaSiam da e. cagareiSvilma, Tb., 1959.<br />

6. n. nikolaZe, mogonebebi, Tb., 1984.<br />

7. uxtanesi, istoria gamoyofisa qarTvelTa somexTagan, somxuri teqsti<br />

qarTuli TargmaniTa da gamokvleviT gamosca z. aleqsiZem, Tb., 1975.<br />

8. qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris<br />

mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. 1, Tb., 1955; t. 2, Tb., 1959.<br />

9. qarTlis cxovrebis Zveli somxuri Targmani, qarTuli teqsti da Zveli<br />

somxuri Targmani gamokvleviTa da leqsikoniT, gamosca i. abulaZem, Tb.,<br />

1953.<br />

10. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio literatura, Zeglebi Targmna, gamosacemad<br />

moamzada da sqolioebi daurTo ediSer WeliZem, Tb., 2005.<br />

11. T. jojua, garejis udabnos monastris 1467 wlis qarTuli da somxuri<br />

warwerebis avtoris identifikaciisaTvis. ANALECTA IBERICA.istoriis,<br />

religiisa da kulturis sakiTxebi, 2001, #1.

#1(28)<br />

Solidarität<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

religiuri<br />

umciresobebi<br />

- darRveuli balansi<br />

dRes ufro meti da meti adamiani svams SekiTxvas, xom ar<br />

gaCnda Cvens qveyanaSi Teokratiis niSnebi? erT-erTi<br />

mniSvnelovani sfero, romelSic yvelaze naTlad Cans<br />

qveynis demokratiuli saxe, Rirebulebebis veqtori da<br />

ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi, religiis Tavisuflebis<br />

dacva da religiuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebisadmi<br />

damokidebulebaa. vnaxoT, ras fiqroben Tavad isini<br />

saqarTveloSi am mxriv arsebuli realobis Sesaxeb.<br />

diskusiaSi monawileoben: mRvdeli gabriele bragantini<br />

(kaTolike eklesia), mixeil avaqiani (somxuri samociqulo<br />

wminda eklesiis saqarTvelos eparqiis episkoposis<br />

TanaSemwe), zaal tyeSelaSvili (evangelisturi eklesiis<br />

pastori), tariel nakaiZe (aWaris muslimTa samufTo<br />

sammarTvelos warmomadgeneli) da sergo namoraZe<br />

(meSvide dRis qristian adventistTa eklesia).<br />

nino cincaZe: 2004<br />

wlamde saqarTvelo<br />

erT-erTi gamorCeuli<br />

qveyana iyo religiuri<br />

umciresobebisadmi<br />

damokidebulebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT: xSiri<br />

iyo religiuri jgufebis<br />

Seviwroveba,<br />

pirdapiri devna, fizikuri<br />

Seuracxyofa<br />

da a.S. Tu arsebobs<br />

ukeTesobisken cvlilebis<br />

tendenciebi da<br />

Tu SeiZleba, am SemTxvevaSi,<br />

mxolod uke-<br />

16<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Tesobisken cvlilebebis<br />

aRweriT SemovifargloT.<br />

sergo namoraZe: albaT ukve<br />

dadga dro, rodesac mdgomareoba<br />

2004 wels aRar unda<br />

SevadaroT. ar aris kargi, rodesac<br />

cuds uaress vadarebT.<br />

ra Tqma unda, aSkara devna im<br />

formebiT, rac 2004 wlamde<br />

iyo, aRar aris, magram Cemi<br />

piradi dakvirvebiT, raSic,<br />

vfiqrob, sxvebic dameTanxmebian,<br />

sazogadoebaSi Seiqmna<br />

klimati, romlis daxasiaTebac<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

aseTi sityvebiT SeiZleba:<br />

`Cven iZulebulebi varT saxelmwifo<br />

politikis gamo<br />

gaRiaroT, magram Tqven Tqveni<br />

adgili unda icodeT~. es<br />

adgili ki xarisxobrivad imis<br />

toli ar aris, rasac saqarTveloSi<br />

marTlmadidebeli<br />

qristiani daiWerda. erT-er-<br />

Tma cnobilma sazogado moRvawem<br />

Tqva: dRes, samwuxarod,<br />

marTlmadidebloba iqca partiul<br />

bileTad, romelic aucileblad<br />

unda gqondes. yvelgan,<br />

sadac midixar, am damokidebulebas<br />

grZnob _ Tu ar<br />

xar marTlmadidebeli, es<br />

samarcxvinoa.<br />

tariel nakaiZe: Temas ganvavrcobdi<br />

aWaris da aWaridan<br />

wasuli ekomigrantebis, qar-<br />

Tveli muslimebis, magaliTiT.<br />

maT seriozuli problemebi<br />

aqvT. 2004 wlis Semdeg bevri<br />

ram, marTalia, Seicvala, magram<br />

es ar aris mniSvnelovani<br />

cvlilebebi dadebiTisken,<br />

radganac sazogadoebaSi Camoyalibebulia<br />

azri, rom saqarTvelo<br />

mxolod qristianTa<br />

qveyanaa. Cvens zogierT mimdevars<br />

gaorebuli adamianis<br />

saxe Camouyalibda _ Tu Tanamdeboba<br />

ukavia, samsaxurSi<br />

iqceva ise, rogorc qristiani,<br />

magram saxlSi im wesebs asrulebs,<br />

rasac islami avaldebulebs.<br />

samwuxarod, aseTi<br />

situaciaa skolebSic. aWaris<br />

gareT, ekomigrantebTan, 2004<br />

wlis Semdeg Zaladobis seriozuli<br />

faqtebi gamovlinda _<br />

soflebSi SeWra da mosaxleobis<br />

darbeva marTlmadidebeli<br />

morwmuneebis mier, meCe-<br />

Tis dangreva da a.S.<br />

pirveli amgvari faqti 2007<br />

wlis seqtemberSi moxda, adi-<br />

genis raionis sofel flate-<br />

Si, sadac meCeTi daangries.<br />

gasuli wlis oqtomberSi adigenis<br />

raionis sofel WalaSi<br />

aigo meCeTi, sofelSi avidnen<br />

marTlmadidebeli sasuliero<br />

pirebi da daiwyes saubari _<br />

Tqven ar xarT qarTvelebi, es<br />

miwa ar aris Tqveni da rogor<br />

aSenebT aq meCeTs da a.S. soflis<br />

mcxovreblebma miyenebul<br />

Seuracxyofas ar upasuxes,<br />

piriqiT _ ganacxades, rom maT<br />

ar surdaT raime problemebis<br />

Seqmna, radgan aWaridan adigenSi<br />

Casaxlebuli ojaxebi<br />

isedac diskomforts grZnoben.<br />

amis miuxedavad, 20 dRis<br />

Semdeg 130 SezarxoSebuli<br />

adamiani avida sofelSi nikolozobis<br />

dRes, aginebdnen da<br />

Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen sofelSi<br />

mcxovreb muslimebs.<br />

ai, aseTi faqtebi xdeba aWaris<br />

gareT, xolo aWaris SigniT<br />

dapirispirebis sxva formebia.<br />

gabriele bragantini<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

17<br />

solidaroba<br />

zaal tyeSelaSvili: 2004 wlis<br />

Semdeg Cven cvlilebebis Zalian<br />

didi imedi gvqonda,<br />

vfiqrobdiT, rom qveyanaSi am<br />

kuTxiT aucileblad iqneboda<br />

progresi. ramdenime kviris<br />

win protestantuli eklesiis<br />

pastorebis Tavyrilobaze sakiTxi<br />

ase daisva _ 2004 wlamde<br />

arsebuli mdgomareoba jobda<br />

Tu amJamindeli? azri orad<br />

gaiyo. rodesac Cven vambobT,<br />

rom aris Tavisufleba da<br />

progresi, es fardobiTia.<br />

2004 wlamde iyo devna da Seviwroveba<br />

da rac xdeboda, yvelasTvis<br />

cnobili iyo, vicodiT,<br />

rasTan gvqonda saqme.<br />

dRes ki sxvagvari, dafaruli,<br />

Cumi da kargad dagegmili Sez-<br />

Rudvebi moqmedebs, rasac ufro<br />

cudi Sedegebi moaqvs, vidre<br />

imas mohqonda, rac 2004<br />

wlamde iyo. SeiZleba vTqvaT,<br />

rom raRac mimarTulebiT dadebiTad<br />

Seicvala viTareba,

#1(28)<br />

magram negatiuri cvlilebebi<br />

gacilebiT Warbobs pozitiur<br />

cvlilebebs. Seuwynareblobis<br />

gamomxatveli movlenebi, romelic<br />

masmediis saSualebiT<br />

Tu sxva xerxebiT sazogadoebaSi<br />

gavrcelda, ukve nayofs<br />

iZleva _ dRes rom sazogadoebas<br />

Tavisi agresiis gamovlinebis<br />

SesaZlebloba mieces,<br />

es talRa ufro Zlieri iqneba,<br />

vidre 2004 wlamde iyo. sazogadoeba<br />

Sinaganad ar Secvlila,<br />

ubralod, aris raRac<br />

berketebi, romelTa gamoyenebiT<br />

sazogadoebis garkveul<br />

CarCoSi moqceva xerxdeba.<br />

vfiqrob, dRes Zalian rTuli<br />

situaciaa, Cven Zalian SezRudulebi<br />

varT da ar gvaZleven<br />

imis saSualebas, rom CvenTvis<br />

moniSnul sazRvrebs gavcdeT.<br />

am sazRvrebs egueba sazogadoeba<br />

da unda SeveguoT Cvenc,<br />

Tumca es is sazRvrebia, is<br />

CarCoa, romelsac eklesiac<br />

da sazogadoebac daWaobebisa<br />

da ganuviTareblobisken mihyavs.<br />

amdenad, es mdgomareoba<br />

arafriT ar Seesabameba progress.<br />

gansxvavebuli religiebi<br />

ugulvelyofilni arian.<br />

Cven ar gvakmayofilebs dawesebul<br />

sazRvrebSi yofna, rac<br />

xels uSlis sazogadoebasTan<br />

Cvens integracias.<br />

mixeil avaqiani: Cveni eklesiis<br />

wevrebis devna ar xdeba,<br />

albaT imis gamo, rom ukve<br />

mravali saukunea varsebobT<br />

da tradiciul konfesias<br />

warmovadgenT, Tumca problemebi<br />

Zalian bevri gvaqvs.<br />

upirvelesia iuridiuli<br />

statusis uqonloba.<br />

Solidarität<br />

nino cincaZe: Tqvenma<br />

eklesiam igrZno rame<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

gansxvaveba saxelmwifosa<br />

da sazogadoebis<br />

mxridan damokidebulebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT<br />

2004 wlis Semdeg?<br />

mixeil avaqiani: sazogadoebis<br />

damokidebulebis SefasebiT<br />

analizs ver movaxden, magram<br />

presaSi rom antisomxuri isteriaa,<br />

es realobaa. yviTeli,<br />

bulvaruli presis garda sakmaod<br />

avtoritetuli JurnalgazeTebic<br />

beWdaven antisomxur<br />

statiebs. es faqtia. simarTle<br />

giTxraT, 2004 wlis<br />

Semdeg sul imis molodinSi<br />

varT, rom marTebulad gadawydeba<br />

da gasabWoebis period-<br />

Si CamorTmeuli eklesiebis<br />

statusis sakiTxi.<br />

gabriele bragantini: Cvens<br />

mrevls vardebis revoluciis<br />

Semdeg imedi hqonda, rom mTavroba<br />

axal kurss daadgeboda,<br />

magram aRmoCnda, rom isev is<br />

mdgomareoba grZeldeba, rac<br />

adre iyo. saxelmwifos mxriv<br />

sruliad ignorirebulebi<br />

varT. SeiZleba zogierT qalaqSi<br />

axla ukeTesi situaciaa,<br />

magram es xdeba piradi ur-<br />

TierTobebis da ara saxelmwifos<br />

nebis gamovlinebis gamo.<br />

kaTolikuri eklesiis mrevli,<br />

magaliTad, gorSi, ambobs, rom<br />

isini mudmivad idevnebian, ara<br />

ise, rogorc adre, magram maT<br />

moRalateebad Tvlian, radgan<br />

marTlmadideblebi ar arian.<br />

lozungi _ Tu xar qarTveli,<br />

unda iyo marTlmadidebeli,<br />

dRes ufro gaZlierda. ar arsebobs<br />

Tavisufali garemo, rom<br />

bavSvebi mainc gaizardnon Tavisuflad.<br />

vfiqrob 10 wlis<br />

Semdeg ufro mZime viTareba iqneba,<br />

mdgomareoba ukeTesobisken<br />

namdvilad ar icvleba.<br />

18<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

nino cincaZe: gadavideT<br />

samarTlebriv<br />

sakiTxebze. vardebis<br />

revoluciis Semdeg<br />

religiur umciresobebs,<br />

sazogadoebrivi<br />

organizaciebis msgavsad,<br />

SeuZliaT registracia<br />

gaiaron da<br />

arasamewarmeo arakomerciuli<br />

iuridiuli<br />

piris statusi moipovon.<br />

zogierTi eklesiisTvis<br />

aseTi registracia<br />

miuRebeli aRmoCnda.<br />

visaubroT<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesiasTangaformebul<br />

konstituciur<br />

SeTanxmebazec. eqmnebaT<br />

Tu ara problemebi<br />

religiur umciresobebs<br />

qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />

samarTlebrivi<br />

mouwesrigeblobis<br />

gamo?<br />

mixeil avaqiani: Cveni eklesiisTvis<br />

miuRebelia kerZo<br />

samarTlis iuridiuli piris<br />

statusi mravalsaukunovani<br />

istoriisa da mrevlis raodenobis<br />

gamo. iuridiuli statusis<br />

uqonloba bevr problemebs<br />

gviqmnis. mraval qveyanaSi,<br />

Tundac italiis magaliTi<br />

rom moviyvanoT, saxelmwifosa<br />

da religiur konfesiebs<br />

Soris individualuri<br />

xelSekrulebaa dadebuli, sadac<br />

orive mxaris poziciebia<br />

dafiqsirebuli. kargi iqneboda,<br />

sanam es problemuri iuridiuli<br />

sakiTxi gadawydeboda,<br />

msgavsi xelSekrulebebi mainc<br />

gaformebuliyo. saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedrebisas<br />

Cven yovelTvis vafiqsirebT<br />

pozicias am sakiTxebze.<br />

samarTlebrivi statu-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

sis uqonlobis gamo sasamar-<br />

TloSi ver gamoxval mxared<br />

da pozicias ver gamoxatav.<br />

axla rac Seexeba istoriuli<br />

materialuri memkvidreobis<br />

dabrunebis sakiTxs (ar vsaubrob<br />

im Zeglebze, romlebic<br />

axla moqmedeben rogorc qar-<br />

Tuli marTlmadidebluri<br />

taZrebi, aseTi mravalia TbilisSic,<br />

vsaubrob umoqmedo da<br />

saxelmwifos balansze arsebul<br />

taZrebze, romelSic adre gaxsnili<br />

iyo kinoTeatri, saxelosno<br />

an wignsacavi). dRes,<br />

rodesac evropisken miviswrafiT<br />

da sxva xedvebi gvaqvs,<br />

vfiqrob, es Zveli taZrebi unda<br />

SevinarCunoT, isini ar unda<br />

ganadgurdes, radgan saqar-<br />

Tvelos eTnikurad somexi mamuliSvilebis<br />

agebuli taZrebia,<br />

saqarTvelos kulturuli<br />

memkvidreobaa. am procesis<br />

dawyebas keTili nebis uqonloba<br />

uSlis xels. vawydebiT<br />

vandalizmis faqtebsac _ leseliZis<br />

quCaze mdebare noraSenis<br />

taZari, romelic meTxuTmete<br />

saukunis nagebobaa da<br />

meoce saukunis ocdaaTian<br />

wlebSi daixura, TiTqosda<br />

dasufTavebisa da keTilmowyobis<br />

survilis gamo dRes icvlis<br />

Tavis iersaxes. aRniSnul<br />

qmedebebs, rogorc gairkva,<br />

sapatriarqosTan SeuTanxmeblad,<br />

TviTneburad, awarmoebda<br />

mRvdeli tariel sikinWilaSvili.<br />

aseTi `dasufTavebebis~<br />

dros qreboda warwerebi,<br />

icvleboda arqiteqturuli<br />

saxe, iyo mcdeloba cnobili<br />

mecenatis, meliqianis<br />

winapris, saflavis gadaadgilebisa<br />

_ igi am eklesiaSi msaxurobda.<br />

magram droulad CaverieT.<br />

aseTi qmedebebis gamo<br />

Cvenma mrevlma aqtiurad gamoxata<br />

protesti. Tu Cveni<br />

mixeil avaqiani<br />

eklesiis mrevli miuaxlovdeba<br />

am taZars, yovelTvis ismis<br />

arasasiamovno replikebi _<br />

Tqven aq ra gesaqmebaT da a.S.<br />

aseTi damokidebuleba kidev<br />

ufro Zabavs urTierTobas.<br />

zogierTi taZari ukve ganadgurebis<br />

pirasaa, Tundac akofianis<br />

quCaze mdebare 1781<br />

wels aSenebuli surbniSnis<br />

eklesia. axla akofianis quCas<br />

sulTniSnis saxeli daerqva.<br />

me filologi ar var da am<br />

saxels, sulTniSans, veranairi<br />

ganmarteba ver movuZebne.<br />

cud dReSia aRmaSeneblis qu-<br />

Caze, kinoTeatr `kolxeTis~<br />

ezoSi mdebare eklesia, sadac<br />

sakvirao skolebis memorialuri<br />

dafebia, wminda minasis<br />

eklesia, romelic prezidentis<br />

rezidenciis paralelur<br />

quCazea (sabWoTa period-<br />

Si igi saamqrod gadakeTda),<br />

aseve axalcixeSi arsebuli<br />

surbniSnis eklesia.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

19<br />

solidaroba<br />

aRarafers vambob meoce saukunemde<br />

moqmed im somxur<br />

taZrebsa da eklesiebze, romelTa<br />

fotoebic saxelmwifo<br />

arqivebSia daculi _ maTi<br />

ier-saxe Secvlilia da dRes<br />

isini qarTul marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesias ekuTvnis.<br />

mRvdeli gabriele bragantini:<br />

saqarTvelos konstituciiT<br />

yvela moqalaqe Tanasworia,<br />

problema ar aris umciresobisa<br />

da umravlesobis statusis<br />

TvalsazrisiT; aq aris<br />

ara kanonis problema, aramed<br />

aq aris Zaladobis momenti _<br />

raki didi mrevli myavs, ufro<br />

met yuradRebas vimsaxureb.<br />

amis gamo Zalian ucnauria,<br />

rodesac amboben, rom yvelaferi<br />

konstituciis mixedviT<br />

xdeba. pirvel yovlisa es sakiTxi<br />

unda mogvardes, amis<br />

Semdeg unda visaubroT religiebsa<br />

da eklesiebze. CvenTvis<br />

problemas qmnis konsti

#1(28)<br />

tuciuri SeTanxmeba marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasTan. rodesac<br />

saubari iyo am SeTanxmebis dadebaze,<br />

me komisiis wevri viyavi;<br />

gviTxres, jer marTlmadideblebTan<br />

gavaformoT konkordati<br />

da amis Semdeg gaformdeba<br />

SeTanxmebebi sxva<br />

eklesiebTano. Tumca mere es<br />

daaviwydaT. dRes kaTolike<br />

eklesia aRiarebulia sxvadasxva<br />

muslimur qveyanaSi, magram<br />

saqarTveloSi, qristianul<br />

qveyanaSi, aRiarebulni ar varT.<br />

aq xSirad amboben, Cven qristianuli<br />

ki ara, WeSmaritad<br />

marTlmadidebluri qveyana<br />

varTo. me amas qristianobas<br />

ver davarqmev, vfiqrob, es<br />

ufro fanatizmia. Cven gvaqvs<br />

iuridiuli statusi sxvadasxva<br />

asociaciis saxiT, magram<br />

rodesac mimdinareobda quTaisis<br />

kaTolikuri taZris dabrunebis<br />

sasamarTlo procesi,<br />

mosamarTlem sazogadoebriv<br />

kavSir `savardi~-s hkiTxa,<br />

Solidarität<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

rogor SeeZlo daemtkicebina<br />

mas, rom is kaTolike eklesiis<br />

samarTalmemkvidrea. pirvel<br />

yovlisa is aris mosagvarebeli,<br />

rom yvela moqalaqe sargeblobdes<br />

konstituciiT miniWebuli<br />

uflebebiT, ar unda<br />

xdebodes saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis<br />

erTmaneTisgan gansxvaveba<br />

religiuri niSniT. amis<br />

Semdeg unda mogvardes statusis<br />

sakiTxic. kaTolikuri eklesia<br />

ar aris `enjeo~ _ arasamTavrobo<br />

organizacia, ase-<br />

Ti statusis winaaRmdegi varT.<br />

nino cincaZe: Tu ar<br />

vcdebi, asociaciebis<br />

saxiT registracia<br />

amerikuli modelia.<br />

kaTolike eklesias<br />

amis gamo aSS-Si<br />

eqmneba problemebi?<br />

gabriele bragantini: amerikaSi<br />

sul sxva situaciaa. cu-<br />

zaal tyeSelaSvili<br />

20<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

dia, rodesac sxva qveyanaSi<br />

arsebuli modeli gadmogvaqvs.<br />

amerikaSi sul ar aris iseTi<br />

mdgomareoba, rogoric Cven<br />

gvaqvs aq. amerikaSi aravin<br />

fiqrobs, rom, radgan is<br />

kaTolikuri, protestantuli<br />

an sxva eklesiaa, mas yvelasgan<br />

gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba<br />

unda hqondes. iq aravin aris<br />

gamorCeuli. Cemi azriT, saqar-<br />

TveloSi msgavsi modelis gadmotana<br />

didi Secdomaa. saqar-<br />

TveloSi, simarTle rom vTqvaT,<br />

religiisa da rwmenis<br />

sferoSi, neokolonializmis<br />

formebs vawydebiT. Cven gvaqvs<br />

seriozuli problemebi Cveni<br />

kuTvnili eklesiebis gamo.<br />

quTaisis episkoposma kalistratem<br />

gviTxra ori Tvis win<br />

_ quTaisis eklesia sufTa<br />

marTlmadidebluria, magram<br />

baTumis eklesia sufTa kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiaao. azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa<br />

TviTon marTlmadidebel<br />

episkoposebs Soris.<br />

Cven ar gvaZleven uflebas,<br />

rom axali eklesiebi mainc<br />

avaSenoT, radgan maTi survilia<br />

mxolod marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia arsebobdes. axalcixeSi<br />

gamofenilia didi bilbordi<br />

_ `tolerantoba axalcixeSi~;<br />

masze gamoxatulia<br />

meCeTi, ebrauli sinagoga da<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia,<br />

magram ar aris kaTolikuri<br />

eklesia. ratom? axalcixis<br />

istoriul ubanSi, rabaTSi,<br />

Cveni eklesiisTvis miwa iyo<br />

gamoyofili, sadac axali eklesia<br />

unda agebuliyo. gubernatorma,<br />

imis gamo, rom im<br />

xalxis yuris damgdebi ki ar<br />

aris, romelmac airCia, aramed<br />

sapatriarqosi, xeli SeuSala<br />

am eklesiis mSeneblobas.<br />

Cven ar gvinda dapirispireba,<br />

magram Cvens mrevls, sa-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

qarTvelos moqalaqeebs, unda<br />

hqondeT religiuri wesebis<br />

Sesasrulebeli adgili. arali<br />

mTlianad kaTolikuri sofeli<br />

iyo, rodesac iq marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia aaSenes. ratom?<br />

axla am soflis mcxovreblebis<br />

mxolod 40%-ia ka-<br />

Tolike, radgan wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

iyo maTze zewola,<br />

rom SeecvalaT sarwmunoeba,<br />

arigebdnen produqtebs da<br />

amis Semdeg Cven gvabraleben,<br />

prozelitizms eweviTo. aseve<br />

didi problemaa jvriswera<br />

marTlmadidebelsa da kaTolikes<br />

Soris, marTalia, es eklesiebis<br />

saqmea, magram rodesac<br />

saxelmwifo xedavs, Tu ra<br />

xdeba mis moqalaqeebs Soris,<br />

man unda Tqvas Tavisi sityva<br />

da ar unda uyuros am ambavs<br />

gulgrilad. es aris politika,<br />

romlis mizania, rom saqarTveloSi<br />

ar arsebobdes arcerTi<br />

sxva eklesia marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis garda.<br />

amitomac ar misces kaTolikur<br />

instituts `sabas~ akreditacia<br />

umniSvnelo mizezebis<br />

gamo. vfiqrob, es sapatriarqos<br />

gavleniT moxda, radgan<br />

misma warmomadgenlebma erTxel<br />

gvkiTxes _ sainteresoa,<br />

rogor miiReT akreditacia,<br />

rogor moxvediT aqamdeo? akreditaciaze<br />

uaris Tqmis erTerTi<br />

mizezi is iyo, rom biblioTekis<br />

karze samuSao saaTebis<br />

aRmniSvneli warwera ar iyo.<br />

tariel nakaiZe: samarTlebrivi<br />

situaciis mougvareblobis<br />

gamo bevr siZneles<br />

vawydebiT, gviWirs sameurneo<br />

saqmianobis ganxorcieleba,<br />

literaturis gamocema Tu<br />

Semotana. Cven maqsimalurad<br />

vcdilobT arasamTavroboebis<br />

saSualebebiT vawarmooT es<br />

saqmeebi. roca erT religias-<br />

Tan gaformebulia konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmeba da sxvebTan<br />

ara, es problemebs qmnis. magaliTad,<br />

aspinZis raionSi, sofelSi,<br />

sadac arcerTi qristianuli<br />

ojaxi ar cxovrobs,<br />

muslimi mrevli meCeTs aSenebda.<br />

gamgeobam SeaCerebina mSenebloba,<br />

radgan meCeTis aSenebis<br />

nebarTva ar iyo aRebuli<br />

sapatriarqodan. xalxi<br />

iZulebuli Seiqna daumTavrebeli<br />

Senoba gadaexura da<br />

daewyo RvTismsaxureba.<br />

amerikuli modeli, romelic<br />

naxsenebi iyo, amerikisTvis<br />

misaRebia, radgan iq arcerTi<br />

religiis mimarT ar aris gansxvavebuli<br />

midgoma, magram<br />

saqarTveloSi sxva viTarebaa.<br />

aWaris samuslimano sammarTvelos<br />

saxeliT arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciad dafuZnebac<br />

ver movaxerxeT, radgan notariusebma<br />

uari gviTxres da mxolod<br />

TbilisSi SevZeliT am<br />

saxeliT registraciis gavla.<br />

rac Seexeba qonebas. Cven pretenziebi<br />

gvaqvs im meCeTebze,<br />

romlebic muslimi mrevlis<br />

mieraa agebuli. es meCeTebi<br />

wlebis ganmavlobaSi sacxovreblad<br />

gamoiyeneboda. maTi<br />

didi nawili ukve dabrunebulia,<br />

magram mniSvnelovani nawili<br />

jer kidev ar aris Cvens<br />

mflobelobaSi, maT Soris _<br />

qobuleTis raionSi, aRmaSeneblis<br />

quCaze mdebare ekonomikis<br />

saministros kuTvnili<br />

nageboba, romelic gasayid<br />

nusxaSic iyo Setanili; aseve<br />

imave raionSi mdebare sofel<br />

muxaestates meCeTi, sadac<br />

axla policiaa ganTavsebuli.<br />

adigenis raionSic aris bevri<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

21<br />

solidaroba<br />

meCeTi, oRond iq gansxvavebuli<br />

situaciaa, radgan adigenSi<br />

raWidan Casaxlebuli<br />

qristianuli mosaxleobac<br />

cxovrobs. adigenis raionis<br />

sofel moxeSi meCeTs angrevdnen.<br />

Cven adgilobriv gamgeobas<br />

vTxoveT _ Tu meCeTSi<br />

msaxurebis uflebas ar miscemda<br />

soflis muslim mosaxleobas,<br />

maSin, rogorc kulturis<br />

Zegli, ise mainc daecva<br />

es samlocvelo, gadaexura<br />

da SemoeRoba.<br />

zaal tyeSelaSvili: roca<br />

Cven samarTlebriv mxareze<br />

vsaubrobT, konstituciur<br />

SeTanxmebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

marTlac unda iTqvas, rom<br />

saqarTveloSi gansxvavebuli<br />

situaciaa. erTi ukanonoba<br />

Sobs sxva ukanonobebs. marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasTan gaformebul<br />

xelSekrulebas sazogadoebis<br />

ganwyobac emateba.<br />

es situacia Tu ar Seicvala,<br />

vfiqrob, veranairi samarTlebrivi<br />

statusi ver gamoasworebs<br />

Cvens mdgomareobas.<br />

Cveni eklesiisTvis, garda imisa,<br />

rom dadebulia konkordati,<br />

romelic gvzRudavs, imis<br />

saSiSroebac arsebobs, rom im<br />

eklesiebma, romlebic ufro<br />

tradiciulad da mravalricxovnad<br />

moiazrebian saqarTveloSi,<br />

msgavsi xelSekruleba<br />

gaaformon saxelmwifosTan,<br />

rac Cven kidev ufro metad<br />

SegvzRudavs.<br />

gansazRvra imisa, Tu romelia<br />

religiuri organizacia da<br />

romeli ar aris, saxelmwifos-<br />

Tvis Znelia. amaze gauTaveblad<br />

SeiZleba msjeloba da<br />

kamaTi. amitom me ar moviTxov,<br />

rom maincdamainc religiis<br />

Sesaxeb kanoni iqnes miRebuli

#1(28)<br />

da gauqmdes im formiT registracia,<br />

dRes rom gvaqvs. Tu<br />

raime axali kanoni Semova, is<br />

aucileblad kargad gaazrebuli<br />

da Semowmebuli unda<br />

iyos, rom am kanonma yvela Tanabar<br />

mdgomareobaSi Caayenos.<br />

Cven arasamTavrobo organizaciis<br />

statusiT varT registrirebuli,<br />

da imedi maqvs,<br />

Tu religiis Sesaxeb kanons<br />

miviRebT, es kanoni ar iqneba<br />

iseTi, rogoric konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmebaa.<br />

vici, konkordatis gaformebis<br />

dros, garkveul eklesiebs<br />

Tanxmoba aTqmevines, moatyues,<br />

rom maTi Tanxmobis Semdeg<br />

Tanabari uflebiT isargeblebda<br />

yvela. Tu Cveni qveyana<br />

demokratiul, liberalur<br />

konstitucias irCevs, da Cven<br />

vTanxmdebiT, rom es konstitucia<br />

unda gvqondes, maSin<br />

unda davicvaT konstitucia<br />

da masSi gacxadebuli Rirebulebebi.<br />

magram Tu Cveni mizania,<br />

rom erTi religia da<br />

Teokratiuli saxelmwifo<br />

gvqondes, maSin unda SevcvaloT<br />

arsebuli konstitucia<br />

da davweroT, rom marTlmadidebloba<br />

erTaderTi saxelmwifo<br />

religiaa da yvela sxva<br />

religia am qveynisaTvis miuRebelia.<br />

Cemi azriT, am mxriv iranis<br />

mTavroba ufro marTebulad<br />

iqceva, radgan rasac ambobs,<br />

imas akeTebs, xolo Cven erTs<br />

vambobT da meores vakeTebT.<br />

sergo namoraZe: Cemi azriT,<br />

saqarTveloSi problema kargi<br />

kanonebis uqonloba ki ar<br />

aris, aramed is, rom es kanonebi<br />

ar sruldeba.<br />

agvistos omis Semdeg Cveni<br />

eklesiis ori wevri cxinvalis<br />

Solidarität<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

regionSi imyofeboda. maT<br />

CvenTvis Sida saeklesio moxmarebis<br />

wignebi unda CamoetanaT.<br />

Cven davkargeT maTTan<br />

kavSiri. rogorc mogvianebiT<br />

SevityveT, problema maT mxolod<br />

maSin SeqmniaT, rodesac<br />

Cvens kontrolirebad teritoriaze<br />

gadmosulan. erTerT<br />

mesazRvres gaulanZRavs<br />

isini rogorc osebi da rogorc<br />

adventistebi da uTqvams,<br />

mkvleloba codva rom<br />

ar iyos, aqve dagxocavdiTo.<br />

situacia mas Semdeg ganimuxta,<br />

rac Cveni eklesiis erTi<br />

wevri romeliRac maTganis<br />

nacnobi aRmoCnda. biWebi<br />

gamouSves da literaturac<br />

davibruneT.<br />

registraciis process Cven<br />

axla gavdivarT. gavixseneb<br />

saxalxo damcvelis moxsenebas<br />

parlamentSi. rodesac is saubrobda<br />

konstituciuri Se-<br />

Tanxmebis Sesaxeb, rodesac is<br />

saubrobda religiuri diskriminaciis<br />

aRmofxvris Sesaxeb,<br />

amas umwvavesi reaqcia<br />

mohyva qveynis umaRles sakanonmdeblo<br />

organoSi da gasakviri<br />

ar aris, rom rigiTi<br />

moqalaqeebi, inteligenciis<br />

warmomadgenlebi, skolis<br />

maswavleblebi, eqimebi, ar<br />

arian informirebulebi...<br />

nino cincaZe: sajaro<br />

ganaTlebis Sesaxeb<br />

kanoniT skolebSi akr-<br />

Zalulia religiuri<br />

prozelitizmi, indoqtrinacia<br />

da religiuri<br />

simboloebis<br />

gamoyeneba araakademiuri<br />

mizniT. cnobilia,<br />

rom am kuTxiTac<br />

ar sruldeba kanoni...<br />

22<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

sergo namoraZe: sami wlisa<br />

iyo Cemi Svili, rodesac erTxel<br />

sabavSvo baRidan Sin dabrunebulma<br />

mkiTxa: mamiko,<br />

ratom davdivarT Cven eSmakis<br />

eklesiaSi? aRmoCnda, rom<br />

baRis maswavlebels uTqvams<br />

misTvis, Tqveni eklesia<br />

eSmakisaao.<br />

Semdegi etapi iyo skola, sadac<br />

yvela maswavlebeli valdebulad<br />

Tvlis Tavs, rom bav-<br />

Svi marTlmadideblad aRzardos,<br />

radganac maTTvis kargi<br />

mamuliSvili, maRalzneobrivi<br />

adamiani mxolod marTlmadidebeli<br />

SeiZleba iyos. maswavlebels<br />

paraklisze, ziarebaze<br />

dahyavs bavSvebi. rodesac<br />

piradad vesaubre pedagogs<br />

amis Sesaxeb, miTxra, kargi,<br />

Tqveni Svili nu wamova, visac<br />

surs, mas waviyvano. magram es<br />

TanaklaselTagan bavSvis gaucxoebas<br />

iwvevs, aRar undaT<br />

masTan megobroba, laparakoben,<br />

rom is da misi mSoblebi<br />

seqtantebi arian. sityva `seqtantSi~<br />

ki imaze saSinel Sinaarss<br />

deben, vidre Tavis droze<br />

komunistebi gulisxmobdnen.<br />

maxsovs, rodesac pirvelad<br />

gavecani adventistur<br />

eklesias da pirvel nabijebs<br />

vdgamdi am eklesiaSi, bebiam<br />

miTxra _ baptistebSi xom ar<br />

moxvdio, Tu baptistebSi ar<br />

xar, maSin iareo. rom SevekiTxe,<br />

baptistebma ra daaSavesmeTqi,<br />

mipasuxa: baptistebi<br />

sisxls svameno. ra Tqma unda,<br />

man araferi icoda baptistebis<br />

swavlebis Sesaxeb. dResac<br />

igive mdgomareobaa: Tu marTlmadidebeli<br />

ar xar, miuRebeli<br />

xar.<br />

aseTi SemTxveva mqonda: erTerT<br />

students, etyoba, univer-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

sitetSi religiuri umciresobis<br />

warmomadgenlisgan intervius<br />

aReba daavales. movida<br />

CvenTan da mkiTxa, ras ake-<br />

TebT Tqvens Sekrebebzeo. mis<br />

mzeraSi amovikiTxe: me ki vici<br />

rasac akeTebT, magram isic<br />

vici, rom amas ar gaamxelTo.<br />

vuTxari, bavSvebis sisxls<br />

vsvamT-meTqi. movelodi, rom<br />

seriozulad ar miiRebda am<br />

pasuxs, magram Semdeg axsna<br />

damWirda, rom vexumre. Tumca<br />

ar vici ramdenad damijera.<br />

dRevandeli sakanonmdeblo<br />

baza religiur umciresobeb-<br />

Tan mimarTebiT ase SeiZleba<br />

daxasiaTdes: kanoni yvelasTvis<br />

erTia, magram nacnobobis<br />

gamo gamonaklisebis daSveba<br />

SeiZleba. Zalian sagulisxmoa<br />

vardebis revoluciis Semdeg<br />

momxdari rusi ormocdaaTianelebis<br />

darbeva. TviTmxilvelma<br />

aseTi ram miambo: patrulma<br />

daicva ormocdaaTianelebi,<br />

akavebda Tavdamsxmelebs,<br />

magram patrulis Tanam-<br />

Sromeli aginebda da lanZRavda<br />

dazaralebulT. am adamianis<br />

saqcieli im viTarebas<br />

gamoxatavda, rac dRes gvaqvs<br />

saqarTveloSi _ kanoniT gai-<br />

Zuleben pativi sce evropul<br />

faseulobebs, magram realurad<br />

Sens SigniT isev boboqrobs<br />

warsuli, romelsac<br />

Senatri. kanonebze raRa unda<br />

vTqvaT, rodesac konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba<br />

konstitucias.<br />

mixeil avaqiani: noraSenis<br />

taZris ezoSi mimdinare ukanono<br />

mSeneblobis Sesaxeb qalaqis<br />

meriidan gvipasuxes,<br />

merias ar gaucia saamiso nebar-<br />

Tva da es ukanono qmedeba aucileblad<br />

aRikveTebao, Tum-<br />

tariel nakaiZe<br />

ca cota xnis gasvlis Semdeg<br />

imave uwyebidan sruliad<br />

gansxvavebuli pasuxi modis:<br />

aRniSnuli saqmianoba ar sa-<br />

Wiroebs meriasTan SeTanxmebas<br />

da araviTari kanoni ar<br />

darRveulao. presaSi iwereba<br />

TiTqos sapatriarqosTan<br />

arsebobs Sereuli komisia,<br />

romelmac noraSenis eklesiis<br />

sakiTxi unda Seiswavlos,<br />

magram sruli pasuxismgeblobiT<br />

vacxadeb, rom somxuri<br />

wminda samociqulo eklesiis<br />

arcerTi warmomadgeneli ar<br />

aris raime komisiis wevri.<br />

sapatriarqoSi arsebobs religiaTaSorisi<br />

sabWo, romelsac<br />

qalbatoni lela jejelava<br />

xelmZRvanelobs. Cveni eklesia,<br />

sxva eklesiebTan erTad, am<br />

sabWos wevria. xSirad dagviyenebia<br />

sabWos sxdomebze<br />

mwvave sakiTxebi, mimarTvebic<br />

gagvikeTebia, Tumca problemebi<br />

ar gadawyvetila.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

23<br />

solidaroba<br />

gabriele bragantini: sapatriarqosTan<br />

arsebuli religiaTaSorisi<br />

sabWo fiqtiuria.<br />

mixeil avaqiani: erT detals<br />

davamateb. meriidan mosul<br />

erT werilSi uflebamosili<br />

piri wers _ `eklesia noraSeni~,<br />

xolo meore werilSi wers<br />

_ `wminda xarebis eklesia~.<br />

Cven am qveynis moqalaqeebi<br />

varT, vixdiT gadasaxadebs da<br />

a.S., da ratom ar unda ganxorcieldes<br />

sarestavracio<br />

samuSaoebi arasadavo somxur<br />

taZrebze? iranSiac ki saxelmwifo<br />

zrunavs qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />

somxuri eklesiebis<br />

SenarCunebisTvis.<br />

gabriele bragantini: 2004<br />

wlidan arsebobs saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel da kaTolikur<br />

eklesiaTa erToblivi<br />

komisia, romelsac problemur<br />

sakiTxebze unda emsjela.<br />

mxolod erTxel Seikriba es

#1(28)<br />

komisia da gviTxres, daanebeT<br />

Tavi sasamarTlos wesiT sadavo<br />

eklesiebis sakiTxis mogvarebas<br />

da Semdeg vilaparakoT<br />

rogorc Zmurma eklesiebmao.<br />

sergo namoraZe: isev kanonis<br />

Seusruleblobis erT-erTi<br />

faqti minda gavixseno. sapatrulo<br />

policiis TanamSromelma<br />

gaaCera avtomanqana, romelsac<br />

sasuliero piri mar-<br />

Tavda. TanamSromeli mRvdlis<br />

danaxvaze Secba da kurTxeva<br />

iTxova. mRvdelma upasuxa,<br />

raze gakurTxo, jarima rom<br />

gamomiweroo? ara, makurTxe,<br />

mamao, giSvebo. Cvens qveyanaSi<br />

iseTi mdgomareobaa, TiTqos<br />

kanonis Sesrulebas kurTxeva<br />

sWirdeba.<br />

kidev erTi faqti: erT-erTma<br />

notariusma pirad saubarSi<br />

Cems axlobels uTxra, me yovelTvis<br />

varideb Tavs seqtantebis<br />

daregistrirebas, radgan<br />

ar minda codvaSi Cavvar-<br />

Solidarität<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

deo. megobari myavs ginekologi,<br />

romelic abortebs akeTebda<br />

da amis gamo daisaja, kibo<br />

aRmoaCndao. marTalia, kanonis<br />

winaSe valdebuli var, magram<br />

veridebi aseT saqmes da<br />

sxvasTan vagzavnio. kanoni er-<br />

Ti mxarea, xolo meore mxarea<br />

is, Tu ra kategoriebiT azrovnebs<br />

sazogadoebis absoluturi<br />

umravlesoba.<br />

nino cincaZe: daSinebis<br />

berkets dRes sapatriarqo<br />

Zalian aqtiurad<br />

iyenebs. `Tu mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli ar xar<br />

da sapatriarqos nebas<br />

ar emorCilebi, Rmer-<br />

Ti dagsjis~ _ es mesiji<br />

erTob mZlavrad<br />

vrceldeba dRevandel<br />

qarTul sazogadoeba-<br />

Si, bolos es gzavnili<br />

araorazrovnad daadastura<br />

episkoposma<br />

petre caavam gadacema<br />

24<br />

sergo namoraZe<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

`didi aTeulis~ formatis<br />

SecvlasTan dakavSirebul<br />

debatebSi.<br />

rogorc amboben, igive<br />

gzavnili moismines<br />

sapatriarqoSi misulma<br />

`pirveli arxis~ sameTvalyureo<br />

sabWos<br />

wevrebmac. rbilad rom<br />

vTqvaT, es tolerantuli<br />

mesiji ar aris.<br />

Tqveni azriT, ratom<br />

`muSaobs~ es mesiji<br />

ase sajaro sivrceSi?<br />

sergo namoraZe: faqtia, rom<br />

religiur grZnobas, am konkretul<br />

SemTxvevaSi ki SiSs,<br />

berketad iyenebs zogierTi<br />

sasuliero piri da Cven amis<br />

mowmeebi vxdebiT faqtobrivad<br />

yvelgan. Cemi azriT, yvelaze<br />

didi problema sazogadoebis<br />

arainformirebulobaa.<br />

Cven gveubnebian, Tqvenive<br />

bralia, rom ar gicnoben, gaacaniT<br />

xalxs Tavi, meti imu-<br />

SaveTo, magram, rodesac televiziaSi<br />

migvitania Cveni<br />

gadacemebi, romlebic religiur<br />

Temebs ki ar exeboda,<br />

aramed adamianis janmrTelobas<br />

an ojaxs da a.S., uTqvamT:<br />

ara Cven amas ver gavuSvebT,<br />

aq raRac kodebia da es masonizmiao.<br />

aseTi saubrebis Semdeg<br />

yovelTvis viTxovT oficialurad<br />

werilobiT gviTxran<br />

uari, magram amaod.<br />

zaal tyeSelaSvili: rodesac<br />

eqims pacientis janmrTelobis<br />

Sesaxeb daskvna gamoaqvs,<br />

mas SeiZleba oponireba gauwios<br />

meore eqimma, radgan esmis<br />

es saqme. arsebobs religiuri<br />

SiSi. adamianebs eSiniaT (ara<br />

mxolod marTlmadidebel<br />

mrevls, aramed sxva religiebis<br />

mimdevrebsac), magram imisaT-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

vis, rom araswori, cru SiSi<br />

daiZlios, saWiroa isev sasuliero<br />

pirebma Tqvan, rom<br />

msgavsi SiSi usafuZvloa. swored<br />

imis gamo, rom am mxriv Caketilobaa,<br />

mxolod erTi ideologiaa<br />

gabatonebuli, sxvas<br />

ki ar aqvs SesaZlebloba sawinaaRmdego<br />

azri gamoTqvas<br />

imis Sesaxeb, rom, davuSvaT,<br />

RmerTi aseTi ki ar aris, aramed<br />

sruliad sxvanairia, ai,<br />

swored amis gamo adamianebSi<br />

Zlierdeba SiSi. adamianebs<br />

marTla eSiniaT, rom isini<br />

araswori qmedebis gamo daisjebian.<br />

Tundac `didi aTeulis~<br />

magaliTi rom aviRoT,<br />

yvelas eSinia codva ar Cavidinoo,<br />

magram vinme unda gamovides<br />

da Tqvas, rom amgvari<br />

ram aranairi codva ar aris.<br />

sergo namoraZe: saqarTvelo<br />

oficialurad sekularuli<br />

saxelmwifoa, magram moqmedebs<br />

da cxovrobs rogorc<br />

garkveulwilad Teokratiuli<br />

qveyana. saqarTveloSi yvelaferi<br />

TiTqos isev meordeba,<br />

Zlierdeba antagonizmi da<br />

qsenofobia, oRond SefarviT,<br />

ise, rom evropelebs ar<br />

ewyinoT.<br />

gabriele bragantini: Cemi<br />

azriT, saxelmwifo ar asrulebs<br />

Tavis movaleobas. cudi<br />

ar aris rodesac vinmes avtoriteti<br />

aqvs, magram saqme is<br />

aris, rogor iyeneb am avtoritets.<br />

vfiqrob, ufro metad<br />

unda gamaxvildes yurad-<br />

Reba saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebze,<br />

sabavSvo baRebze,<br />

sadac ori wlis bavSvebs<br />

apokalifsze esaubrebian.<br />

saTanado struqturebi da<br />

organizaciebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

ar asruleben TavianT<br />

movaleobebs, dRes ki amis<br />

Sedegebs vimkiT. ratom unda<br />

gvWirdebodes Cven sapatriarqos<br />

nebarTva, rom cixeSi<br />

SevideT da Cveni patimrebi<br />

movinaxuloT? ar SegviZlia<br />

davbeWdoT esa Tu is statia,<br />

Tu marTlmadidebeli episkoposis<br />

nebarTva ar gveqneba.<br />

ratom? me SemiZlia vTqva, rom,<br />

samwuxarod, prezidenti, yvela<br />

ministri, saxelmwifo Tavisi<br />

xalxisgan Zalian Sors aris.<br />

nino cincaZe: magram<br />

politikosebs meti<br />

amomrCeveli sWirdebaT<br />

da Sesabamisad _<br />

marTlmadideblobiT<br />

Tavis mowonebac.<br />

mixeil avaqiani: 1995 wels<br />

mama tariels (sikinWilaSvils)<br />

Cvenma mrevlma noraSenis<br />

ier-saxis Secvlis mcdeloba<br />

SeamCnia. maSin somxeTis erTerTi<br />

episkoposi ewvia Tbiliss<br />

da uwmides ilia I I -sTan<br />

Sexvedrisas iTqva, modiT, es<br />

sakiTxi jerjerobiT SevaCeroT<br />

da ukeTes dros davelodoTo.<br />

Cemi azriT, 2004 wlis<br />

Semdeg es ukeTesi dro ukve<br />

movida, da vfiqrob, axla ukve<br />

unda gamoixatos keTili neba.<br />

rodesac rames viTxovT, gvpasuxoben,<br />

Cvengan ar modis<br />

problema, es kanoniT ar aris<br />

gaTvaliswinebulio da a.S.<br />

sababs da mizezs yovelTvis<br />

pouloben.<br />

tariel nakaiZe: SiSis Taobaze<br />

minda Cemi azri mogaxsenoT.<br />

sazogadod, RvTis SiSi<br />

religiurobis principia. am<br />

berkets flobs dRes sapatriarqo<br />

da iyenebs ise, rogorc<br />

mas surs, radgan sazogadoeba<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

25<br />

solidaroba<br />

ar aris imdenad ganaTlebuli,<br />

rom icodes _ sapatriarqos-<br />

Tan raRac Temebze SeuTanxmebloba<br />

sulac ar niSnavs<br />

imas, rom es RvTis risxvas<br />

gamoiwvevs. vardebis revoluciis<br />

Semdeg cota xans<br />

situacias ukeTesoba daetyo,<br />

Tumca sapatriarqos avtoriteti<br />

dRes aTjer metad gaizarda<br />

2004 wlamde arsebul<br />

viTarebasTan SedarebiT.<br />

vfiqrob, Tu mmarTvelma Zalam<br />

mxolod imaze izruna,<br />

rogor SeinarCunos skami, da<br />

ara imaze, rom kanoni daicvas<br />

da sazogadoebis ganviTarebas<br />

Seuwyos xeli, situacia ufro<br />

metad damZimdeba. opozicia,<br />

imisaTvis, rom xalxis mxardaWera<br />

mieRo xelisuflebis<br />

winaaRmdeg, gaiZaxoda _ Tqven<br />

udierad epyrobiT eklesias,<br />

Tqven `ieRovelebi~ xarT da<br />

a.S. yovelive aman ganapiroba<br />

axlandeli mdgomareoba _ Tu<br />

2004 wlamde vinme Semogivardeboda<br />

da fizikurad giswordeboda,<br />

axla mas ukve aRar<br />

sWirdeba Zaladoba, radgan<br />

aqvs Zalian Zlieri berketi _<br />

media.<br />

rac Seexeba sapyrobileSi<br />

Sesvlas. gvindoda quTaisis<br />

cixeSi SevsuliyaviT, magram<br />

amisTvis sapatriarqos nebar-<br />

Tva mogvTxoves.<br />

nino cincaZe: ra SeiZleba<br />

iyos gamosavali<br />

aqedan da rogor SeiZleba<br />

ganviTardes es<br />

urTierTobebi momavalSi?<br />

sergo namoraZe: sazogadoebriv<br />

mauwyebelze iyo Toq-Sou<br />

italiuri ezo, romelic od-

#1(28)<br />

nav Seexo religiur sakiTxs.<br />

sasurvelia msgavsi Toq-Souebis<br />

mowyoba, romlis meSveobiTac<br />

sazogadoebas alternatiuli<br />

wyaroebidan<br />

miewodeba informacia, raTa<br />

zogierTebma yvelas magivrad<br />

ar isaubron.<br />

tariel nakaiZe: saero saxelmwifo<br />

ar unda iyos damokidebuli<br />

romelime religiis<br />

meTaurze an mimdevarze.<br />

kanonis avtoriteti ar unda<br />

Seilaxos. Tu saxelmwifom es<br />

gza daTmo, maSin igi saero da<br />

liberaluri aRar iqneba. Tu<br />

es mdgomareoba ar gamoswordeba,<br />

Cveni qveyana dRiTidRe<br />

Teokratizaciisken wava...<br />

yvela religia Tanabar<br />

mdgomareobaSi unda iyos.<br />

gabriele bragantini: problema<br />

mravalmxrivia. magali-<br />

Tad, mravali marTlmadidebeli<br />

fiqrobs, rom evropa<br />

satanisturia. dRevandeli<br />

situacia Zalian mZimea. Cemi<br />

azriT, ufro seriozulad<br />

unda vifiqroT Seqmnil viTarebaze.<br />

did, Zlier daavadebas<br />

patara abiT ver movarCenT.<br />

pirvel yovlisa unda Seicvalos<br />

foni, romelic religiebisadmi<br />

damokidebulebaSi<br />

arsebobs. unda mogvardes<br />

Cven Soris arsebuli uTanxmoebebi.<br />

roca sapatriarqodan<br />

gvixmoben, yvelani mivdivarT,<br />

magram Cveni iniciativiT<br />

vawyobT Sekrebebs? Cven unda<br />

SevcvaloT foni, erToblivad,<br />

SeTanxmebulad unda vimuSaoT,<br />

mxolod amis Semdeg<br />

SegviZlia ufro seriozul<br />

problemebze gadasvla.<br />

zaal tyeSelaSvili: jer<br />

TviT CvenSi kidev ufro unda<br />

Solidarität<br />

mrgvali magida<br />

gaRvivdes tolerantobis<br />

marcvlebi. ganaTlebas aqvs<br />

didi mniSvneloba. Tu xelisufleba<br />

met Tavisuflebas<br />

miscems televiziebs, darwmunebuli<br />

var tolerantobisken<br />

momwodebeli gadacemebi namdvilad<br />

momzaddeba. ganaTlebis<br />

problema xelisuflebis<br />

wevrebsac udgaT, radgan xelisufalsac<br />

SeiZleba ise eSinodes<br />

codvis Cadenis, rogorc<br />

nebismier sxvas. unda<br />

arsebobdes religiuri mimdinareobebis<br />

realuri Tavisufleba,<br />

raTa maT SeZlon<br />

sulier sakiTxebSi TavianTi<br />

argumentaciebis warmodgena<br />

da oponirebis gaweva.<br />

26<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

perspeqtiva<br />

sarwmunoebiT<br />

ramdenime wlis win erTma<br />

Jurnalistma hkiTxa iranis<br />

mTavrobis wevrs, ramdenad<br />

Seesabameboda iranis mTavrobis<br />

politikis dasavluri<br />

tendenciebi aiaTola xomeinis<br />

ganaCens, romelic salman<br />

ruSdis sikvdils moiTxovda.<br />

respondentma aRmosavluri<br />

simSvidiT da didi<br />

gulmodginebiT auxsna Jurnalists,<br />

rom dasavleTSi arasworad<br />

gaiges saqmis viTareba.<br />

saqme is yofila, rom iranel-<br />

Ta sulierma liderma, ubralod,<br />

Tavisi azri gamoTqva.<br />

islamSi amas fatvas uwodeben,<br />

rac niSnavs mosazrebas,<br />

romelsac avtoritetis mqone<br />

piri gamoTqvams da gavlena<br />

aqvs mxolod maTze, vinc am<br />

avtoritets cnobs; ramdenadac<br />

morwmune sazogadoeba am<br />

azrs pativs scems, yoveli<br />

marTlmorwmune muslimi Tavs<br />

movaled CaTvlis, rac SeiZleba<br />

male warudginos mwerali<br />

alahis samsjavroso.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

27<br />

solidaroba<br />

qarTveli<br />

sergo ratiani<br />

wina kviras saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />

warmomadgenelma<br />

Segvaxsena, rom saqarTvelos<br />

patriarqi arasodes moiTxovs,<br />

is gamoTqvams Tavis<br />

azrs, rCevas aZlevs Tavis<br />

sulier Svilebs.<br />

albaT weliwadze cota metia<br />

gasuli, rac saqarTvelos<br />

patriarqma ganacxada, saqar-<br />

Tvelos mefe unda hyavdeso.<br />

gasuli wlis ianvarSi saqar-<br />

Tvelos sasamarTlos mier<br />

samSoblos RalatSi braldebuli<br />

irakli baTiaSvili patriarqis<br />

Txovnis safuZvelze<br />

gaaTavisufles (aq araa saubari<br />

imaze, Tu ramdenad adekvaturi<br />

iyo Tavad sasamarTlos<br />

gadawyvetileba).<br />

ruseT-saqarTvelos agvistos<br />

omis Semdeg saqarTvelos parlamentis<br />

dadgenilebiT saqar-<br />

Tvelom diplomatiuri kavSiri<br />

gawyvita ruseTTan. saqar

#1(28)<br />

Tvelos patriarqi ruseTSi<br />

vizitisas Sexvda ruseTis<br />

prezidents da samSobloSi<br />

dabrunebisas ganacxada, rom<br />

saelCoebis funqcionireba<br />

aRdgeba.<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqma ruseTSi<br />

vizitis Semdeg isic<br />

ganacxada, rom sapatriarqom<br />

yvelaferi gaakeTa ruseT-saqarTvelos<br />

keTilmezobluri<br />

urTierTobebis aRsadgenad da<br />

mouwoda saqarTvelos mTavrobas,<br />

rom am ukanasknelma<br />

diadi wamowyebis warmatebiT<br />

dasruleba mainc moaxerxos.<br />

sul axlaxans saqarTvelos<br />

patriarqma gamoTqva mosazreba,<br />

rom sazogadoebrivi<br />

mauwyeblis pirveli arxis<br />

proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos<br />

didi aTeulis~ _ formati<br />

unda Seicvalos.<br />

ras unda velodoT momaval-<br />

Si? ar darCenila xelisuflebis<br />

Sto, romelsac am erTi<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos<br />

patriarqis azri ar Sexeboda.<br />

saqarTvelos oTxive<br />

xelisuflebis Sto irxeva,<br />

`viTarca lerwami qarTagan<br />

ZlierTa~. Sesabamisad, saubari<br />

unda iyos ara imaze, Tu<br />

vin iqneba Semdegi _ wre ukve<br />

Seikra _, aramed imaze, Tu<br />

rodis daiwyeba axali cikli.<br />

albaT am asociaciis gamo<br />

aRSfoTdeba Cveni sazogadoebis<br />

nawili. ityvian, rom<br />

Sedareba arasworia. magram<br />

asociacia ar SeiZleba iyos<br />

swori an araswori _ rogorc<br />

erTi Wkviani kaci ityoda,<br />

grZnobebi ara cdebian _ radgan<br />

swori an araswori SeiZ-<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

leba iyos mxolod azrovneba.<br />

magram Tu qveyanaSi azris gamoTqmis<br />

mxolod erTi instancia<br />

arsebobs, maSin sazogadoebis<br />

sxva wevrebs rCebaT<br />

mxolod asociaciebi, vnebebi,<br />

warmodgenebi da, dae, nuravis<br />

daswydeba guli, Tuki iqamde,<br />

vidre rwmena srulad<br />

daeufleba Cvens grZnobebs,<br />

kacs raime ucnauri xateba<br />

mouva TavSi.<br />

patriarqis mier sakuTari gansxvavebuli<br />

poziciis dafiqsirebas<br />

aravin aprotestebs.<br />

ubralod, is, vinc gamoTqvams<br />

mosazrebas, unda amodiodes<br />

martivi daSvebidan, rom arsebobs<br />

gansxvavebuli azric.<br />

Tu sasuliero avtoriteti<br />

gamoTqvams Tavis mosazrebas<br />

da sazogadoebaSi ar arsebobs<br />

sxva sasicocxlo sivrce, romelsac<br />

igi ar moicavs da ar<br />

iqvemdebarebs, es mosazreba<br />

ukve brZanebas warmoadgens.<br />

saqme mosazrebaSi ki araa,<br />

aramed im garemoSi, romel-<br />

Sic is funqcionirebs. adamianuri<br />

yofis sxvadasxva sferoebi,<br />

Cveulebriv, ki ar upirispirdebian<br />

religiur sferos<br />

an erTmaneTs, isini ubralod<br />

sxva principiT funqcionireben.<br />

erT-erTi amgvari<br />

sferoa, magaliTad, mecniereba.<br />

es WeSmaritebis gansxvavebuli<br />

sivrcea. niutonis<br />

romelime kanoni an is, rom<br />

orjer ori oTxia, ver iqneba<br />

damokidebuli sasuliero<br />

avtoritetis sulier gamocdilebaze.imedia,<br />

jer ar<br />

warmoadgens aucileblobas<br />

SevaxsenoT sazogadoebas is<br />

faqti, rom dedamiwa brunavs.<br />

meore mxriv, rogorc<br />

religiur samyaros, aseve Ta-<br />

28<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

visufali nebis arCevans verasodes<br />

aRwers maTematikuri<br />

tipis WeSmariteba. srulfasovani<br />

sazogadoeba araerTi<br />

sxvadasxva sasicocxlo sivrcis<br />

Tanaarsebobas warmoadgens.<br />

sasuliero pirebis mier<br />

gamoTqmuli mosazreba, Tu<br />

gansxvavebul sferos exeba,<br />

ar SeiZleba iyos swori an<br />

araswori, is, ubralod, araadekvaturia,<br />

da Tu mainc<br />

iqvemdebarebs maT, maSin es<br />

sazogadoeba Teokratiulia.<br />

maxsendeba erTi SesaniSnavi<br />

inglisuri kinofilmi `lomi<br />

zamTarSi~. iq inglisis dedofali<br />

wuxiliT ambobs: XI I saukunea<br />

da Cven jer kidev barbarosebi<br />

varTo.<br />

XXI saukunea da Cven, saqarTveloSi,<br />

jer kidev Teokratiis<br />

niSnebze gviwevs saubari.<br />

gviwevs saubari imaze, rom<br />

nacionaluri saxelmwifo da<br />

Teokratia Seusabamo movlenebia.<br />

sekularizmi nacionaluri<br />

saxelmwifosTvis ar<br />

aris is deserti, romelsac<br />

ZiriTad kerZs ginda miatan,<br />

ginda _ ara. sekularizmis<br />

gareSe adamianTa is erToba,<br />

romelsac ers uwodeben,<br />

ubralod, ar arsebobs.<br />

SesaZloa es gansazRvreba<br />

vinmes examuSos, radgan modernizacias,<br />

mecnierul progress<br />

evropis, aziisa da amerikis<br />

kontinentebze erTi da<br />

igive Sedegi ar moutania.<br />

arc axali drois erT-erT<br />

yvelaze ganmsazRvrel movlenas,<br />

sekularizacias, mohyolia<br />

yvelgan erTi da igive<br />

Sedegi.<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

formalurad erTsa da imave<br />

moTxovnas saxelmwifosa da<br />

eklesiis gamijvnis Sesaxeb<br />

sxvadasxva drosa da sxvadasxva<br />

qveyanaSi sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />

movlenebi sdevda<br />

Tan. 1918 wlis 5 Tebervals<br />

sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier<br />

gamocemuli dekreti saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesiis gamijvnis<br />

Sesaxeb eklesiebis ngrevis,<br />

maTi qonebis Zarcvis, sasuliero<br />

pirebis wamebisa da<br />

ganadgurebis, morwmuneTa<br />

mravalwliani devnisa da gadasaxlebis<br />

legalizeba iyo.<br />

axla, sabWoTa koSmaris dasrulebis<br />

Semdeg, rodesac sazogadoeba<br />

ubrundeba im cxovrebis<br />

wess, romelsac Zaladobis<br />

Sedegad mowyda, cota<br />

ar iyos rTulia saubari imaze,<br />

rom Tanamedrove samyaros<br />

(anu im sasicocxlo garemos,<br />

romelSic Cven arasodes<br />

gvicxovria) safuZvlad swored<br />

sekularizaciis fenomeni<br />

udevs; rom sadRac, Soreul<br />

dasavleTSi arseboben<br />

qveynebi, sadac saxelmwifosa<br />

da religiis gamijvna erTerTi<br />

fuZemdebluri principia,<br />

magram es am qveynebis<br />

mosaxleobis umetesobas sruliad<br />

ar uSlis xels religiuri<br />

cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen 1 .<br />

Cven unda vacnobierebdeT,<br />

rom sazogadoebis erTi SexedviT<br />

uwyinari da bunebrivi<br />

ltolva _ daubrundes uwindel<br />

cxovrebis wess _ SeiZleba<br />

damRupveli aRmoCndes.<br />

saqme is aris, rom miswrafeba<br />

_ daubrunde warsuls _ sakuTar<br />

TavSi iluzias Seicavs.<br />

SeuZlebelia sazogadoeba<br />

daubrundes, vTqvaT, meTvramete<br />

saukunis dasasruls. es<br />

absurdia, arada sabWoTa sistemis<br />

daSlis Semdeg msgavsi<br />

tendenciebi xSirad Warbobs<br />

da absurdul saxesac iZens. 2<br />

erTaderTi ram, risi saSualebiT<br />

aramarto SesaZlebelia,<br />

aramed aucilebelic<br />

aris warsulSi dabruneba, azrovnebaa;<br />

ara iq `gadasaxlebiT~,<br />

aramed warsulis gaazrebiT<br />

SeiZleba movaxdinoT<br />

CvenTvis sasurveli garemos<br />

rekonstruireba.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

29<br />

solidaroba<br />

SesaZloa ukmexad da cinikurad<br />

JRers, rodesac araerTi<br />

Taobis, rbilad rom vTqvaT,<br />

mZime gamocdilebis Semdeg<br />

geubnebian, rom es yovelive<br />

`ar iTvleba~ da `es idea<br />

Tqvens garemoSi arasworad<br />

iqna gagebuli, daviwyoT<br />

Tavidan~. mZimea, magram unda<br />

gvesmodes, rom aq saubari ar<br />

aris raRac ideis akviatebaze,<br />

romelic ginda Tu ara, unda<br />

ganaxorcielo. saubaria Ta-

#1(28)<br />

namedrove samyaros safuZvlebis<br />

gagebaze, anu im realobaze,<br />

romelSic gviwevs arseboba.<br />

realobas ki erTi ucnauri<br />

Tviseba aqvs: Tu mas adekvaturad<br />

ver afaseb da iluziebSi<br />

imyofebi, is gangrevs.<br />

Sesabamisad, arCevani mxolod<br />

oria: an araadekvaturi iyo<br />

Tanamedrove samyaroSi, anu<br />

isev acde normaluri ganvi-<br />

Tarebis gzas, an, miuxedavad<br />

yvelafrisa, daiwyo Tavidan.<br />

Cvenc SevecadoT daviwyoT<br />

Tavidan.<br />

axali drois erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

damaxasiaTebeli niSani<br />

is aris, rom sazogadoebrivi<br />

cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoebi<br />

_ xelovneba, mecniereba,<br />

ganaTleba, politika _ sul<br />

ufro da ufro emijnebian<br />

sasuliero cxovrebis wess.<br />

swored am gamijvna-gamoTavisuflebas<br />

ewodeba sekularizacia<br />

an emansipacia.<br />

sityva sekularizacia momdinareobs<br />

laTinuri saekulumidan<br />

da niSnavs Taobas, saukunes,<br />

epoqas, droiTs, samyaros,<br />

saeros, amqveyniurs,<br />

anu _ sasulieros sapirispiros.<br />

rac Seexeba emansipacias, la-<br />

Tinuri emancipatio niSnavs<br />

Svilis ganTavisuflebas mamis<br />

Zalauflebisgan an Svilis<br />

oficialur uars sakuTrebaze,<br />

rac mancipatio-s, anu<br />

sakuTrebis iuridiul gaformebas,<br />

gulisxmobda. iTvleboda,<br />

rom rodesac mama sakuTrebis<br />

uflebas gadascemda<br />

Svils, es ukanaskneli<br />

Tavisufali xdeboda.<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

eklesiisgan gamijvnis arsi<br />

gulisxmobs upiratesad ara<br />

masTan dapirispirebas, aramed<br />

ganTavisuflebas da memkvidroebiTobas.<br />

es imas niSnavs,<br />

rom saero sivrcem memkvidreobad<br />

miiRo qristianuli<br />

Rirebulebebi, igi zrdasruli<br />

SviliviT damoukidebeli<br />

gaxda. Tanamedrove samyaros<br />

safuZveli qristianuli<br />

Rirebulebebia.<br />

rasakvirvelia, SegviZlia warmovidginoT<br />

arajansaRi urTierTobebi<br />

mSobelsa da memkvidres<br />

Soris, rodesac mama<br />

Zaladobs Svilze, an, piriqiT,<br />

Svils uCndeba survili<br />

gaanadguros mama. istorias<br />

axsovs mamis mkvlelobis<br />

mravali SemTxveva, magram<br />

miuxedavad amisa, uazrobaa<br />

memkvidreobiTobis, zrdasrulobisa<br />

da Tavisuflebis<br />

Sesaxeb vimsjeloT paTologiebiT,<br />

anu SemTxvevebiT,<br />

rodesac Tavisufleba ubralod<br />

ver ganxorcielda.<br />

saqarTveloSi Tavisuflebis,<br />

emansipaciis, sekularizaciis<br />

SesaZlebloba ilia WavWavaZem<br />

Seqmna. emansipaciis tipuri<br />

magaliTia iliaseuli azri,<br />

rom sami RvTaebrivi saunje<br />

dagvrCa Cven mama-papaTagan:<br />

mamuli, ena da sarwmunoeba.<br />

aq saubari swored memkvidreobazea,<br />

saunjeze, romlis<br />

damkvidrebasac ilia erSi,<br />

anu saero, sekularul<br />

sivrceSi cdilobda.<br />

iliaseul azrs aqvs, ase vTqvaT,<br />

Tavisi `Zveli aRTqma~.<br />

daviwyoT cota Soridan.<br />

erovnuli da, kerZod, qarTuli<br />

identobis safuZvlebis<br />

30<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

gacnobierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />

`qarTlis cxovreba-<br />

Si~ xSirad naxsenebi termini<br />

sarwmunoebiT qarTveli an<br />

sarwmunoebiT somexi. qarTleli,<br />

imereli, kaxeli, mesxi,<br />

megreli, svani da sxvani qar-<br />

Tvelebi iyvnen, radgan isini<br />

sarwmunoebiT qarTvelebi<br />

iyvnen. vaxuSti batoniSvili<br />

qarTvelebis erTianobis sam<br />

safuZvelze saubrobs. pirveli<br />

ori swored sarwmunoeba<br />

da enaa. qarTlis cxovrebaSi<br />

vkiTxulobT: `pirveli,<br />

ukeTu hkiTxo visme qarTvelsa<br />

anu imersa, mesxsa, da herkaxsa<br />

ra rjulis xar, wams<br />

mogigebs: `qarTveli~. qarTlis<br />

somxiTis mkvidrni, miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom qceva-zniTa<br />

qarTuliTa arian, mainc somxebad<br />

iwerebian, radgan sarwmunoebiT<br />

somexni arian. sarwmunoebiT<br />

qarTvelisaTvis<br />

sarwmunoebasa da enas tolpirveladi<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs,<br />

radgan swored qarTuli enaa<br />

imis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli<br />

safuZveli, rom qristianoba<br />

gadaiqceva qarTul sarwmunoebad.<br />

wmida werilis Targmna<br />

qmnis rCeuli eris analogiis<br />

gancdas. Tavis mxriv ena<br />

imdenadaa mniSvnelovani,<br />

ramdenadac is sarwmunoebis<br />

enad gadaiqceva.<br />

sayovelTaod cnobilia, qar-<br />

Tuli identobis erT-erTi<br />

pirveli nimuSi swored sasuliero<br />

wreebs ukavSirdeba,<br />

_ vgulisxmob cnobil citatas<br />

giorgi merCuledan. qar-<br />

Tuli aq sarwmunoebis anu<br />

kulturis enaa iseve, rogorc<br />

berZnuli an laTinuri. RvTis<br />

winaSe rCeulobis gacnobierebis<br />

fonze xdeba enis mniS-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

vnelobis aRiarebac. swored<br />

msaxurebis ena xdeba rCeuli<br />

eris ena.<br />

afxazebs, svanebs da megrelebs<br />

sakuTari enebic hqondaT, magram<br />

maT, umetes wilad warCinebulebma,<br />

icodnen qarTulic,<br />

radgan sarwmunoebiT da<br />

wigniT qarTvelebi iyvnen.<br />

vaxuSti batoniSvilisTvis saqarTvelos<br />

erTianobis mesame<br />

da garkveuli azriT umniSvnelovanesi<br />

safuZvelia bagrationebis<br />

samefo dinastia.<br />

rCeuli xalxis qmnadobis idea<br />

ar izRudeboda ama Tu im eTnosiT.<br />

misi sazRvrebis gafar-<br />

Toeba mxolod Zalauflebis<br />

SesaZleblobasTan iyo dakav-<br />

Sirebuli. qarTveli iyo da<br />

iqneboda is, vinc miiRebda<br />

qarTul sjuls, Sesabamisad,<br />

eqneboda qarTuli wigni da<br />

iqneboda bagrationTa<br />

dinastiis qveSevrdomi.<br />

amdenad, SegviZlia vTqvaT,<br />

rom Sua saukuneebSi, Sesabamisad,<br />

axal dromde, qar-<br />

Tveli warmoadgens ara erovnul,<br />

aramed sarwmunoebriv<br />

identobas. qarTlelebi,<br />

imerelebi, kaxelebi, mesxebi,<br />

megrelebi, svanebi da<br />

sxvebi ara erovnebiT, aramed<br />

sarwmunoebiT, rjuliT<br />

qarTvelebi iyvnen.<br />

sarwmunoebrivi identoba SeiZleba<br />

safuZveli iyos erovnuli<br />

identobisa, magram erovnuli<br />

da sarwmunoebrivi identoba<br />

ar aris erTi da igive<br />

movlena. sarwmunoebiT qarTveli<br />

da erovnebiT qarTveli<br />

gansxvavebuli konstruqciis<br />

fenomenebia. Sua saukuneebSi<br />

upiratesoba eniWeba sarwmunoebriv<br />

identobas, Sesabamisad,<br />

erovnuli identoba axal<br />

dromde, ubralod, ar mniSvnelobs.<br />

axali dro saqarTvelosTvis<br />

XIX saukuneSi, ufro zustad ki<br />

ilia WavWavaZis moRvaweobiT<br />

iwyeba. qarTuli erovnuli<br />

cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi<br />

ilia WavWavaZis mniSvnelobis<br />

gasacnobiereblad gavixsenebdi<br />

mis mier 1886 wels daweril<br />

werils `irlandia da inglisi~<br />

3 . ilia WavWavaZe aRniSnavda,<br />

rom 1852 wlis Semdeg napoleon<br />

III-is TaosnobiT politikaSi<br />

wamoiwia egreTwodebulma<br />

erovnobam `nacionalobam~,<br />

gvartomobam erisam.<br />

es nacionaloba zogan ZleviT<br />

Seimosa: italiaSi italia gaaerTa,<br />

germaniaSi _ germania<br />

da am saxiT daqsaqsul ers er-<br />

Tis gvartomisas erTad mouyara<br />

Tavi TavTavis adgilas~ 4 .<br />

es nawyveti imdenadaa mniSvnelovani,<br />

ramdenadac cxadad<br />

warmoaCens, rom ilia WavWavaZis<br />

moRvaweoba ar yofila<br />

ubralod Tavis mamulze Seyvarebuli<br />

meamboxe Tavadis<br />

ganwiruli suliskveTebis<br />

gamovlena. es iyo Tanamedrove,<br />

Semmecnebeli adamianis<br />

cnobieri proeqti. ilia Wav-<br />

WavaZis brZola ar yofila<br />

brZola warsulis aRsadgenad<br />

(samyaro, romelSic arsebobda<br />

saqarTvelos samefo, warsuls<br />

Cabarda). es iyo brZola<br />

im momavlis Sesaqmnelad, romelsac<br />

ruseTis imperia warsulad<br />

unda gadaeqcia. gan-<br />

Tavisufleba SesaZlebeli iyo<br />

mxolod Tanamedrove samyaros<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

31<br />

solidaroba<br />

principebis gacnobierebis<br />

safuZvelze, sakuTar sivrceSi<br />

axali drois damkvidrebiT.<br />

ilia acnobierebda, rom mecxramete<br />

saukunemde erovnulobis<br />

idea ar aerTianebs er-<br />

Tis gvartomis ers. erovnebis<br />

idea, nacionaluri idea relevanturi<br />

mxolod mecxramete<br />

saukuneSi xdeba. eri Tanamedrove<br />

politikur erTobas<br />

warmoadgenda, Sesa-bamisad,<br />

mas momavalic hqonda.<br />

nacionaluri idea, eri im axal<br />

sasicocxlo sivrces warmoadgenda,<br />

sadac SesaZlebeli<br />

iyo Zveli saunjis ganTavseba.<br />

ilia ayalibebs qarTuli identobis<br />

sam niSans _ mamuli,<br />

ena, sarwmunoeba, rac sakmaod<br />

axloa vaxuStiseul identobis<br />

niSnebTan: sarwmunoeba,<br />

ena, mefe. erTi SexedviT, ori<br />

niSani TiTqos ucvlelia, gansxvaveba<br />

ki is aris, rom mefe<br />

Secvala mamulma. anu is, rac<br />

mefis pasuxismgeblobis qveS<br />

iyo da razedac vrceldeboda<br />

misi uflebebi, qarTveli<br />

xalxis pasuxismgeblobaSi gadavida.<br />

samefoSi xalxs mamulze<br />

araviTari ufleba ar aqvs,<br />

Sesabamisad, arc pasuxismgebloba<br />

gaaCnia. glexi pasuxismgebeli<br />

iyo sakuTari Tavadisa<br />

da mere mefis winaSe. Tavadi<br />

sakuTari mamulisa da mefis<br />

winaSe. mxolod mefe iyo<br />

pasuxismgebeli RmerTis<br />

winaSe mTel samflobeloze.<br />

erekle mefis gardacvalebis<br />

asi wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil<br />

werilSi ilia gaixsenebs<br />

xalxur leqss: `ver gaigiTa,<br />

qarTvelno, SegexsnaT rkinis<br />

karia, aRar gyavT mefe erekle,<br />

bagrationTa gvaria~ 5 . mefis<br />

simbolo aq mniSvnelovania.

#1(28)<br />

mefis sikvdilis Semdeg moxda<br />

misi mamulSi gansxeuleba,<br />

mamulSi, romelic memkvidreobad<br />

ergo xalxs. swored amaSi<br />

vlindeba emansipaciis procesi.<br />

saeklesio da saero Zalauflebis<br />

gamijvna SeuZlebelia<br />

Sua saukuneebis tipis saxelmwifos<br />

_ samefos _ pirobeb-<br />

Si. Sua saukuneebSi saeklesio<br />

da saero Zalauflebis gayofa<br />

ar arsebobda. radgan, vTqvaT,<br />

papi da imperatori ki ar iyvnen<br />

warmomadgenlebi erTi<br />

mxriv sasuliero, xolo<br />

meore mxriv saero samyaro<br />

wesrigisa, aramed oriveni<br />

gansxvavebuli msaxurebi iyvnen<br />

erT eclesia-Si... imperatoric<br />

iseve RvTivkurTxeuli<br />

iyo, rogorc papi: isini religiur-politikur<br />

erTobaSi<br />

cxovrobdnen. Sua saukuneebis<br />

saxelmwifo qmnida religiurpolitikuri<br />

erTobis samyaros,<br />

sadac saerosTvis adgili ar<br />

rCeboda. mefis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZoliT iwyeba am religiurpolitikuri<br />

erTobis daSla<br />

da saero sivrcis warmoSoba.<br />

Camogdebuli mefe ukve amovardniliasasuliero-sakraluri<br />

sivrcidan, is aRar aris<br />

RvTivkurTxeuli, aramed sxva<br />

morwmuneTa msgavsad ubralo<br />

profani xdeba. am mxriv revolucia<br />

iyo mefobis institutis<br />

desakralizeba. sekularizaciis<br />

am procesma Seqmna<br />

politika, rogorc saero sivrcis<br />

nawili.<br />

saqarTvelos istoriaSi am<br />

mxriv sainteresoa is, rom ruseTis<br />

mier saqarTvelos taxtis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg, qveynis<br />

bedze erTaderTi pasuxismgebeli<br />

gaxda qarTveli xalxi.<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

Sesabamisad, gaCnda SesaZlebloba,<br />

politika gadaqceuliyo<br />

saero sivrced. erTi mxriv,<br />

es ar iyo amboxis Sedegad<br />

Tavad xalxis mier mopovebuli<br />

sivrce, magram es iyo memkvidreoba,<br />

romelic qmnida<br />

amboxis safuZvels momavalSi.<br />

mefis saflavi yvela SemTxvevaSi<br />

Tanamedrove naciebis<br />

preistoriaa.<br />

meore gansxvaveba isaa, rom,<br />

Tumca sarwmunoeba identobis<br />

ucvleli niSania, igi aRar<br />

aris enisa da mamulis mniSvnelobis<br />

legitimaciis safuZveli<br />

maSin, rodesac vaxuStisTan<br />

mefesac da enasac<br />

mniSvnelobas swored sarwmunoeba<br />

sZenda. iliasTan literaturuli,<br />

desakralizebuli<br />

ena xdeba saqarTvelos erTianobis<br />

safuZveli da simbolo.<br />

rac Seexeba sarwmunoebas, mas,<br />

garda wminda religiurisa,<br />

sxva mniSvnelobac aqvs: sarwmunoebas<br />

ukavSirdeba ilias-<br />

Tvis da saerTod axali droisTvis<br />

erTob mniSvnelovani<br />

fenomeni _ warsuli, istoria.<br />

eri ibadeba sakuTari warsulis<br />

gacnobierebiT. istoria<br />

swored sakuTari warsulis<br />

gacnobierebas, Sesabamisad<br />

ganaxlebas _ da ara warsulSi<br />

darCenas _ gulisxmobs.<br />

qristianoba qarTveli eris<br />

warsulis umniSvnelovanesi<br />

msazRvrelia. sarwmunoebiT<br />

qarTvelis sekularizaciiT<br />

ibadeba qarTveli eri. sainteresoa,<br />

rom swored mahmadiani<br />

qarTvelebis problemis<br />

ganxilvisas ilia aRniSnavs:<br />

`Cveni fiqriT, arc er-<br />

Toba enisa, arc erToba<br />

sarwmunoebisa da gvartomo-<br />

32<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

bisa ise ar SeamsWvalebs<br />

xolme adamians erTmaneTTan,<br />

rogorc erToba istoriisa~.<br />

Tanamedrove erebis CamoyalibebaSi<br />

mefis figuris desakralizebis<br />

Semdeg, sekularizaciis<br />

meore Sre evropaSi<br />

mravalwlian religiur omebs<br />

ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, aqtualuri<br />

xdeboda sakiTxi,<br />

Tu rogor aris SesaZlebeli<br />

sxvadasxva konfesiebis Tanaarseboba<br />

erTian politikur<br />

sivrceSi. religiuri polisis<br />

idea gzas uRobavda tolerantobis<br />

ideas. religiuri<br />

omebi amavdroulad politikuri<br />

omebi iyo, sadac gamarjvebuli<br />

afuZnebda WeSmaritebas.<br />

gamosavali mxolod<br />

erTi iyo: politika unda<br />

ganTavisuflebuliyo da<br />

konfesiur mikuTvnebulobaze<br />

maRla damdgariyo. bokenfordi<br />

SeniSnavs, rom henrix<br />

IV navarelis mier kaTolikobis<br />

miReba es aRar iyo `WeSmariti<br />

religiis gamarjveba~,<br />

rogorc es garegnulad moCanda,<br />

aramed es politikis<br />

gamarjveba iyo. sainteresoa,<br />

rom swored am aqtis Semdeg<br />

moaxerxa henrix IV navarelma<br />

nantis ediqtis (1598 w.) safuZvelze<br />

hugenotebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli<br />

uflebebis mini-<br />

Weba.<br />

yoveli rwmenis safuZveli aris<br />

Tavisufali arCevani. ar arsebobs<br />

rwmena rwmenis Tavisuflebis<br />

gareSe. Sesabamisad,<br />

imisaTvis, rom rwmenis principebi<br />

iyos daculi, saxelmwifoSi<br />

unda arsebobdes<br />

rwmena, ufro zustad, morwmunes<br />

unda hqondes saxelmwifoSi<br />

cxovrebis SesaZleb-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

loba, Tavad saxelmwifo unda<br />

iyos neitraluri, anu gamijnuli<br />

eklesiisgan. sainteresoa,<br />

rom hegeli sekularizaciis<br />

process afasebda, rogorc<br />

gamocxadebis ideis<br />

ganxorcielebas.<br />

aq mniSvnelovania gavixsenoT<br />

saxelmwifos hobsiseuli koncefciac.<br />

saxelmwifos saqme<br />

araa WeSmaritebis garkveva.<br />

man unda izrunos adamianis<br />

usafrTxoebasa da mSvidobaze.<br />

sainteresoa, rom Tanamedrove<br />

saxelmwifos bazisia<br />

adamiani rogorc adamiani,<br />

misi bunebrivi, utilitaruli<br />

moTxovnilebebiT.<br />

ilias gacnobierebuli hqonda<br />

Tanamedrove eris CamoyalibebaSi<br />

tolerantobis ideis<br />

mniSvneloba, radgan mas esmoda,<br />

rom erovnuli identoba<br />

gansxvavdeba religiuri<br />

identobisagan. werilSi `osmalos<br />

saqarTvelo~-is wers:<br />

`sarwmunoebis sxva-da-sxvaoba<br />

Cven ar gvaSinebs. qarTvelma,<br />

Tavisis sarwmunoebisaTvis<br />

jvarcmulma, icis pativi<br />

sxvis sarwmunoebisac... ar<br />

gvaSinebs meTqi Cven is garemoeba,<br />

rom Cven Zmebs, osmalos<br />

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb-<br />

Ta, dRes mahmadianis sarwmunoeba<br />

uWiravT, oRond movides<br />

kvlav is bednieri dRe,<br />

rom Cven erTmaneTs kidev<br />

SevuerTdeT, erTmaneTi<br />

viZmoT, da qarTveli, Cvenda<br />

sasiqadulod, kvlav daumtkicebs<br />

qveyanasa, rom igi ar<br />

erCis adamianis sindiss~ 6 .<br />

arc vici, am sityvebis ganmarteba<br />

Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi<br />

saWiro aris Tu ara.<br />

vinc sakuTari nebis Tavisuflebis<br />

fasi icis, visac saku-<br />

Tari rwmena daucavs, ar er-<br />

Cis sxva adamianis sindiss.<br />

Cveni istoriis mqone xalxs<br />

TiTqos marTla ar unda hqondes<br />

am mxriv problema, magram<br />

rodesac amas vambobT, viviwyebT<br />

uaxles istorias. dRes<br />

bevri fiqrobs da ambobs, rom<br />

Cven erT-erT yvelaze morwmune<br />

sazogadoebas warmovadgenT.<br />

albaT gvaviwydeba, rom<br />

sul raRac TxuTmetiode wlis<br />

win msoflioSi ara mxolod<br />

yvelaze urwmuno, aramed<br />

mebrZoli aTeistebis sazogadoebis<br />

nawils warmovadgendiT.<br />

araerTi Taoba gaizarda,<br />

romelsac ar uzrunia<br />

rwmenis TavisuflebisaTvis<br />

da romelic erCoda sxvis<br />

sindiss. albaT, droa cudi<br />

Cvevebisgan gavTavisufldeT.<br />

mamulis, enisa da sarwmunoebis<br />

sekularizaciiT ibadeba<br />

Tanamedrove qarTveli eri,<br />

Sesabamisad am desakralizebuli<br />

sivrcis dacva Cvens<br />

nacionalur interess warmoadgens.<br />

da bolos, kvlav ilia WavWavaZis<br />

Sesaxeb _ sakralizacia<br />

kacisa, romelmac desakralizebuli<br />

sivrce Seqmna, rbilad<br />

rom vTqvaT, komikuria,<br />

es paradoqsia da rac yvelaze<br />

ucnauria, aris masSi mowameobis<br />

elementi (marTali giTxraT,<br />

arc warmomidgenia da<br />

arc maxsendeba sxva ganmanaTleblis<br />

kanonizebis SemTxveva),<br />

magram ara var arc paradoqsebis<br />

(radgan is vnebaa<br />

azrovnebisTvis), arc komediis<br />

winaaRmdegi, radgan aris<br />

masSi raRac RvTaebrivi.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

33<br />

solidaroba<br />

ilia WavWavaZe SesaZlebloba<br />

iyo sarwmunoebiT qarTvel-<br />

TaTvis, qarTvel erad dabadebuliyo;<br />

rogorc wmindani<br />

ki, SesaZleblobaa sabWoeTgamovlili<br />

qarTuli eklesiis-<br />

Tvis, Tavidan daibados. da<br />

rac yvelaze ucnauria _ am<br />

SesaZleblobebs ara aqvT alternativa.<br />

SeniSvnebi:<br />

1 Max Weber; Gesammelte Aufsätze zur<br />

Religionsoziologie; Die protestantischen<br />

Sekten und der Geist der Kapitalismus;<br />

Tübingen 1920; gv.207; veberi Tavis<br />

gamokvlevebSi eyrdnoba amerikis<br />

SeerTebul StatebSi 1906 wels<br />

Catarebul sxvadasxva konfesiaTa<br />

kvlevis monacemebs. morwmuneTa<br />

ricxvi da aRmsarebloba<br />

gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom amerikis<br />

SeerTebulma Statebma<br />

garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi<br />

imdenad mkacrad gaatara<br />

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis<br />

gamijvnis principi, rom ar<br />

arsebobs konfesiebis<br />

oficialuri statistikac ki,<br />

radgan is, rom saxelmwifos<br />

moqalaqeebi mxolod maTi<br />

aRmsareblobis mixedviT daekiTxa,<br />

arakanonierad aRiqmeboda.<br />

2 samagaliTod gavixsenebdi im dros,<br />

rodesac kazakebma Zveli samxedro<br />

formebiT siaruli da samxedro<br />

formirebebis Seqmna daiwyes. iyo<br />

ltolva, rom dabrunebodnen<br />

TavianT mama-papaTa cxovrebis<br />

wess, Sedegad ruseTis<br />

xelisuflebam es TiTqosda<br />

ukontrolo formirebebi<br />

saomrad gamouSva afxazeTSi.<br />

3 ilia WavWavaZe; TxzulebaTa<br />

sruli krebuli aT tomad, t. 9,<br />

195, gv. 9.<br />

4 iqve.<br />

5 ilia WavWavaZe, TxzulebaTa<br />

sruli krebuli aT tomad, t. 4,<br />

1955, gv. 267.<br />

6 ilia WavWavaZe, TxzulebaTa<br />

sruli krebuli aT tomad, t. 4,<br />

1955, gv. 13.

#1(28)<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

erTi iluziis<br />

istoria<br />

zaal andronikaSvili<br />

saqarTvelo Tavis geopolitikur<br />

adgils evropul, evroatlantikur<br />

sivrceSi xedavs<br />

da ara evraziul an postsab-<br />

WoTa sivrceSi. geopolitikurma<br />

arCevanma, romelic saqarTvelos<br />

damoukideblobis<br />

Semdeg gakeTda, Sesabamisi<br />

politikuri forma ver Sei-<br />

Zina. vardebis revoluciis<br />

politikuri da ekonomikuri<br />

reformebis nawili swored am<br />

formis Seqmnisken iyo mimar-<br />

Tuli (ekonomikuri kanonmdeblobis<br />

liberalizacia,<br />

ganaTlebisa da policiis reforma,<br />

energetikuli problemebis<br />

daZleva, korufciis<br />

gaZeveba yofiTi sferodan,<br />

infrastruqturuli reformebis<br />

dawyeba). saqarTvelo<br />

saxelmwifo gaxda, oRond<br />

saxelmwifo, romelic jer<br />

kidev Zalian Sorsaa Tavisi<br />

34<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

geopolitikuri arCevanis<br />

adekvaturi politikuri<br />

formisagan. am formis povna<br />

gacilebiT ufro rTuli da<br />

Sromatevadi aRmoCnda, vidre<br />

2003 wlis noemberSi eCvenebodaT<br />

„revolucionerebsac”<br />

da saqarTvelos moqalaqeebsac.<br />

postrevoluciuri xelisuflebis<br />

erT-erTi mTavari<br />

Secdoma saxelmwifos<br />

ideis uxeiro ideologiiT<br />

Canacvleba iyo (ise, kacma<br />

rom Tqvas, alternatiuli<br />

modelis SemoTavazebiT aravis<br />

Seuwuxebia Tavi), romelic<br />

saboloo jamSi politikuri<br />

formis CamoyalibebisaTvis<br />

kontrproduqtiuli<br />

gamodga.<br />

postrevoluciuri saqarTvelo<br />

mniSvnelovanwilad uaryofas<br />

emyareba: is, rac ar<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

unda iyos postrevoluciuri<br />

sqarTvelo, SevardnaZis saqarTveloa.<br />

SevardnaZis saqar-<br />

Tvelos „implicituri filosofiis~<br />

gasaRebi sityva „stabiluroba~<br />

iyo. stabiluroba<br />

„socialuri SekveTa~ iyo oTxmocdaaTiani<br />

wlebis damdegs,<br />

magram SevardnaZem imdeni moaxerxa,<br />

rom stabilurobis idea<br />

srul absurdamde da saboloo<br />

jamSi mis srul winaaRmdegobamde<br />

_ ufro avad, vidre kargad<br />

marTul qaosamde _ miiyvana.<br />

saqarTvelos prezidenti<br />

mixeil saakaSvili erT-erT<br />

adreul gamosvlaSi Tavisi<br />

winamorbedisa da politikuri<br />

naTliis saxelmwifos ase axasiaTebda:<br />

„arSemdgari, dezintegrirebuli,RirsebaSelaxuli<br />

da sruliad demoralizebuli~,<br />

saxelmwifo, `romelsac<br />

dakarguli hqonda<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis yvela<br />

atributi~, saxelmwifo, sadac<br />

`batonobda korufcia, dausjeloba<br />

da ukanonoba~, saxelmwifo,<br />

`romelsac ar gaaCnda<br />

biujeti da ar sruldeboda<br />

moqalaqeTa winaSe aRebuli<br />

arcerTi socialuri valdebuleba,<br />

qveyana, sadac adamianis<br />

uflebebi fexqveS iTeleboda~.<br />

es iyo `Tavdacvisuunaro~<br />

saxelmwifo, `romelsac<br />

saerTaSoriso avtoriteti<br />

Selaxuli, orientiri ki<br />

dakarguli hqonda, ar gaaCnda<br />

erovnuli ideologia da<br />

pativs aRaravin scemda. dakarguli<br />

hqonda imis unaric,<br />

rom mizani hqonoda~.<br />

postrevoluciuri saxelmwifo<br />

SevardnaZis saxelmwifos<br />

`antonimia~, anu aqvs (an unda<br />

hqondes) yvela is atributi,<br />

romelic SevardnaZis saqarT-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

35<br />

solidaroba<br />

velos ar hqonia, hyavs SedarebiT<br />

arakorumpirebuli da<br />

efeqturi saxelmwifo aparati,<br />

policia, jari, Tadacvisunariania,<br />

asrulebs moqalaqeTa<br />

winaSe aRebul socialur<br />

valdebulebebs da yovelive<br />

amis gamo aqvs saerTaSoriso<br />

avtoriteti. CamoTvlili<br />

krituriumebi estoneTs da,<br />

vTqvaT, venesuelas erTnairad<br />

miesadageba. erT SemTxvevaSi<br />

Seumdgar saxelmwifos<br />

vxedavT, meore SemTxvevaSi ki<br />

_ saxelmwifos. saqme isaa, rogori<br />

unda iyos es saxelmwifo?<br />

rogori unda iyos<br />

saxelmwifo?<br />

SekiTxvaze, rogori unda<br />

iyos postrevoluciuri<br />

saqarTvelo, misma politi-

#1(28)<br />

kurma elitam (mmarTvelma<br />

partiam da prezidentma)<br />

aseTi pasuxi gasca: saqarTvelo<br />

unda iyos `Zlieri<br />

saxelmwifo~.<br />

sityva `Zlieri~ uwinares<br />

yovlisa qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

tradiciul sisustes<br />

exmaureba da simbolurad,<br />

ritorikulad da<br />

praqtikulad am sisustis<br />

daZlevas cdilobs. vardebis<br />

revoluciis Semdeg saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifo simbolika<br />

Seicvala. Tuki adre saqarTvelo,<br />

simbolikiT Tu vimsjelebT,<br />

Tavs 1918-21 wlebis<br />

social-demokratiuli respublikis<br />

memkvidred Tvlida,<br />

postrevoluciurma saqarTvelom<br />

am memkvidreobaze uari<br />

ganacxada. es uari erTi mxriv<br />

pirveli respublikis marcxisagan,<br />

meore mxriv ki misi<br />

memarcxeneobisagan distancirebas<br />

gulisxmobs. (qarTuli<br />

politikuri istebliSmentis<br />

TiTqmis religiuri memarjveneoba,<br />

rogorc Cans, memarjveneobis<br />

da gamarjvebis da<br />

memarcxeneobis da marcxis<br />

semantikuri kavSiridan<br />

gamomdinareobs).<br />

`Zala~ saqarTvelos gerbSi<br />

orjer aris `Cawerili~. saqar-<br />

Tvelos gerbis devizi `Zala<br />

erTobaSia” am Zalis wyaroze<br />

migvaniSnebs (gaTiSuli ar<br />

Seileba iyos Zlieri). am mxriv<br />

devizi saqarTvelos istoriidan<br />

gamotanil erTgvar<br />

formulad qceul daskvnas<br />

warmoadgens. gerbze gamosaxuli<br />

gvirgvini ki (romelic<br />

demokratiuli saxelmwifosaTvis,<br />

cota ar iyos, uadgiloa),<br />

Zalas da suverenitets<br />

erTmaneTTan aigivebs (susti<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

ver iqneba suverenuli anu<br />

suvereniteti aris Zala). er-<br />

TobliobaSi ki saqarTvelos<br />

gerbi aseT formulas gvTavazobs:<br />

rom iyo suverenuli,<br />

unda iyo Zlieri, rom iyo<br />

Zlieri, unda iyo erTiani.<br />

saqarTvelos gerbi bagrationebis<br />

gerbis modifikacias<br />

warmoadgens. postrevoluciuri<br />

saqarTvelo Tavis winamorbed<br />

`Zlier~ saxelmwifos<br />

Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelo-<br />

Si, ufro sworad ki daviT<br />

aRmaSeneblis saqarTveloSi<br />

eZebs da poulobs. postrevoluciuri<br />

saqarTvelos ideologebis<br />

friad martivi istoriuli<br />

azrovneba rom aRvweroT,<br />

gamova, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

saqarTvelo Zlieri<br />

iyo imitom, rom erTiani<br />

iyo. am istoriuli paradigmis<br />

mixedviT, erToba Zalis sawindaria,<br />

magram, meore mxriv,<br />

erToba ZaliT miiRweva. postrevoluciuri<br />

saqarTvelo<br />

gamogonili istoriuli aporiis<br />

tyveobaSi imyofeba da<br />

aqedan gamomdinare kanonis<br />

sivrceSi Zalis lokalizaciis<br />

sirTuleebs ganicdis.<br />

maS saidan modis Zala?<br />

vin aris suvereni?<br />

fraza „Cven Zlier saxelmwifos<br />

vaSenebT~ 2004-2007 wlebis<br />

gamosvlebSi xSirad meordeba.<br />

`saqarTvelos aqvs Sansi~,<br />

ambobda saqarTvelos prezidenti<br />

2006 wlis maisSi,<br />

`kvlav Zlieri saxelmwifo<br />

gaxdes, rogoric iyo adre (es<br />

`adre~ swored daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

epoqas gulisxmobs. _<br />

z. a.), romliTac Cveni Svilebi<br />

iamayeben da romelic mezob-<br />

36<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

lebis aRfrTovanebis obieqti<br />

gaxdeba~ (albaT swored am<br />

aRfrTovanebas gamoxataven<br />

Cveni politikosebi formuliT<br />

`saqarTvelo gabrwyindeba~).<br />

2007 wlis oqtomberSi<br />

ki prezidenti saakaSvili amtkicebda,<br />

saqarTvelo ise Zlieri<br />

arasodes yofila, rogorc<br />

dRes ariso. `Cven gvyavs<br />

asobiT aTasi rezervisti da<br />

saukeTesod momzadebuli profesiuli<br />

jari, gvyavs welSi<br />

gamarTuli policia, gvaqvs<br />

Zlieri saxelmwifo aparati;<br />

rac mTavaria, izrdeba Cveni<br />

ekonomika, vviTardebiT da<br />

fexze vdgebiT~. am gamonaTqvamebidan<br />

rame saerTo azri<br />

rom gamovitanoT, gamova, rom<br />

Zliereba aris jari, policia<br />

da saxelmwifo aparati. (ekonomikuri<br />

siZliere ar igulisxmeba<br />

imitom, rom jer<br />

`fexze vdgebiT~, magram samagierod,<br />

saxelmwifo aparatis<br />

da `Zalovani struqturebis~<br />

kuTxiT ukve fexze davdeqiT).<br />

saakaSvilis gagebiT Zlieri<br />

saxelmwifo aris saxelmwifo,<br />

romelsac Zlieri aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisufleba hyavs.<br />

garkveulwilad saqarTvelo-<br />

Si (qveynis prezidentis ritorikas<br />

Tu seriozulad miviRebT)<br />

saxelmwifos da<br />

(aRmasrulebeli) xelisuflebis<br />

gaigiveba xdeba. amgvar<br />

azrovnebas ki suverenitetis<br />

absolutistur gagebasTan<br />

mivyavarT (rac gasakviri araa,<br />

`mSenebare~ saxelmwifos istoriul<br />

models Tu gaviTvaliswinebT).<br />

prezidentis ritorikidan<br />

gamomdinare, saqar-<br />

Tvelos gerbSi Cawerili formulis<br />

koreqtireba xdeba:<br />

suverenis adgils aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisufleba ikavebs,<br />

romelic Zalis da (qarTuli<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gagebiT) suverenitetis wyaro<br />

xdeba. swored aRmasrulebelma<br />

xelisuflebam unda<br />

Seqmnas ZaliT erToba, romelic,<br />

Tavis mxriv, Semdgom dialeqtikur<br />

safexurze Zlierebis<br />

wyaro gaxdeba. anu Zalis<br />

pirveladi matarebeli<br />

da wyaro swored aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisuflebaa da ara<br />

xalxi.<br />

sagangebo mdgomareoba<br />

instrumenti, romelic erTi<br />

mxriv aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas<br />

Zalas aniWebs, meore<br />

mxriv ki erTobas qmnis, sagangebo<br />

mdgomareobaa. vardebis<br />

revoluciis Semdeg saqarTvelo<br />

gamoucxadebeli sagangebo<br />

mdgomareobis reJimSi<br />

cxovrobda, romelic Riad<br />

orjer, 2007 wlis noemberSi<br />

da 2008 wlis agvistoSi, dafiqsirda.<br />

sagangebo mdgomareobis<br />

reJimSi imitom vcxovrobT,<br />

rom aq da axla mimdinareobs<br />

saboloo da gadamwyveti<br />

brZola saqarTvelos namdvili<br />

da sruli damoukideblobisaTvis,<br />

brZola _ imperiul<br />

urCxulTan qveynis gareT<br />

da mis mexuTe kolonas-<br />

Tan qveynis SigniT (mixeil saakaSvilis<br />

gancxadebiT rusuli<br />

imperializmi swored saqarTveloSi<br />

unda dasamardes).<br />

rusuli safrTxis ignorirebas<br />

an misi mniSvnelobis<br />

dakninebas sruliadac ar<br />

vapireb. am safrTxeze albaT<br />

saxelmwifo moxeleebs ukeT<br />

unda efiqraT (Tavdacvis ministris<br />

yofilma moadgilem,<br />

baTu quTeliam, avstriuli<br />

`standartisaTvis~ micemul<br />

iterviuSi aRiara, Cven<br />

rusuli agresiisaTvis mzad<br />

ar viyaviTo). igulisxmeba ara<br />

realuri rusuli safrTxe<br />

(romlisTvisac misi `gardauvalobis~<br />

miuxedavad xelisufleba<br />

mzad ar aRmoCnda),<br />

aramed rusul imperializmTan<br />

saboloo da gadamwyveti brZola<br />

(borotebasTan sikeTis<br />

brZola), rac legitimaciis<br />

TiTqmis universaluri principi<br />

gaxda. italieli filosofosis<br />

jorjo agambenis ganmartebiT,<br />

`sagangebo mdgomareoba<br />

aris kanonis gareSe<br />

sivrce, sadac Zala kanonis<br />

gareSe moqmedebs~. sagangebo<br />

mdgomareobaSi ara xelisuflebis,<br />

aramed `sufTa~ Zalis<br />

manifestacia xdeba, romelsac<br />

germaneli filosofosi<br />

valter beniamini Zalauflebas<br />

(waltende Gewalt), mbrZanebel<br />

an suverenul Zalas uwodebda.<br />

post-revoluciur<br />

saqarTveloSi `Zalis~ ritorikas,<br />

simbolikas da praqtikas<br />

swored xelis-uflebis<br />

Zala-uflebiT Canacvlebis<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs. ar aris<br />

gasakviri, rom es `Zalaufleba~<br />

kanonis uzenaesobis<br />

princips yovel nabijze ewinaaRmdegeba.<br />

swored sagangebo mdgomareoba<br />

gviCvenebs, vin aris suvereni:<br />

germanel iurist karl<br />

Smits Tu davujerebT, `suverenia<br />

is, vinc gadawyvetilebas<br />

iRebs sagangebo mdgomareobis<br />

Sesaxeb~.<br />

kvaziesqatologiuri ritorika,<br />

romelic gamoucxadebel<br />

sagangebo mdgomareobas mar-<br />

Tvis principad aqcevs, demokratiuli<br />

konstituciis pirobebSi<br />

suverenis poziciis miTvisebis,<br />

Zalis kanonis CarCoebidan<br />

gamoyvanis, Zala-uflebis<br />

propagirebuli erTobis<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

37<br />

solidaroba<br />

meSveobiT `dakanonebis~ saSualebaa.<br />

fraza `Cven erTad unda<br />

vidgeT~ imas niSnavs, rom<br />

xalxi unda uWerdes mxars<br />

xelisuflebas, da ara imas,<br />

rom xelisufleba moemsaxuros<br />

moqalaqeTa interesebs.<br />

swored es daskvna gamoitana<br />

mixeil saakaSvilma 7 noembris<br />

`gakveTilidan~: prezidentis<br />

azriT, yvelaze didi<br />

faseuloba erTianobaa, romelic<br />

saWiroa, `Tu Cven gvinda<br />

gvqondes demokratiuli<br />

sazogadoeba~. demokratiis<br />

es, erTi SexedviT, ucnauri<br />

gageba logikuri gaxdeba, Tu<br />

gavixsenebT, rom prezidentsa<br />

da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas<br />

xalxis `mxardaWera~<br />

Tavisi Zala-uflebis dasakanoneblad<br />

sWirdeba. prezidentis<br />

gamonaTqvami or azrs Seicavs:<br />

a) demokratias Cven garda<br />

veravin aaSenebs, amitom<br />

jobia, rasac ar unda vakeTebdeT,<br />

mxari dagviWiroT; b) jer<br />

mxardaWera da mere demokratia.<br />

anu prioriteti Zlieri<br />

saxelmwifos aSenebaa, demokratiaze<br />

ki Semdeg vifiqroT.<br />

kanon-gareSe Zala<br />

raSi sWirdeba xelisuflebas<br />

kanon-gareSe Zala? `Zala~ xelisuflebas<br />

imperiul urCxul-<br />

Tan brZolisaTvis da am<br />

brZolaSi gamarjvebis Semdeg<br />

sikeTis idealuri saxelmwifos,<br />

`gabrwyinebuli saqarTvelos~,<br />

asaSeneblad sWirdeba<br />

(Zneli saTqmelia, demokratiuli<br />

iqneba Tu ara gabrwyinebuli<br />

saqarTvelo, magram,<br />

mmarTveli partiis ritorikidan<br />

gamomdinare, gabrwyineba<br />

demokratiulobasac<br />

unda gulisxmobdes). postre-

#1(28)<br />

voluciuri saqarTvelos xelisuflebis<br />

warmodgena saxelmwifos<br />

Sesaxeb marqsisa<br />

da gamsaxuridas Sexeduleba-<br />

Ta hibrids warmoadgens: marqsis<br />

imitom, rom `Zalis~ gamoyenebis<br />

idea dedamiwaze samoTxis<br />

asaSeneblad swored<br />

marqss ekuTvnis, gamsaxurdiasi<br />

ki imitom, rom politikuri<br />

mesianizmi Tanamedrove<br />

saqarTvelos swored filologma<br />

prezidentma uanderZa.<br />

samwuxaroa, Tuki xelisuflebas<br />

gulwrfelad sjera<br />

Tavisi mesianisturi ideologiis,<br />

da kidev ufro samwuxaroa,<br />

Tu am ideologias xelisuflebis<br />

Zala-uflebiT Canacvlebisa<br />

da am Zala-uflebis<br />

SenarCunebisaTvis iyenebs;<br />

samwuxaroa, im SemTxvevaSic,<br />

Tuki xelisuflebis keTil<br />

ganzraxvebSi eWvi ar Segvepareba.<br />

es imitom, rom, rogorc<br />

erTi Wkviani kaci ityoda, jojoxeTis<br />

gza keTili ganzraxvebiT<br />

aris mokirwyluli.<br />

erTi iluziis istoria<br />

Zlieri saxelmwifos idea<br />

orjer waawyda Tavis sazRvrebs.<br />

paradoqsulad es orivejer<br />

maSin moxda, rodesac<br />

sagangebo mdgomareoba Riad<br />

gamocxadda. 2007 wlis noemberSi<br />

sagangebo mdgomareobis<br />

gamocxadebam dasavle-<br />

Tis mZafri kritika gamoiwvia.<br />

qarTuli demokratiis saer-<br />

TaSoriso krediti Semcirda.<br />

xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda<br />

Secdoma eRiarebina. `Zlieri<br />

saxelmwifos~ ideam meore<br />

dartyma ruseTTan omis dros<br />

miiRo. rogorc saqarTvelos<br />

prezidenti ganmartavda, sa-<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

qarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis<br />

amocana rusuli agresiis<br />

ramdenime dRiT SeCereba<br />

iyo, sanam saqmeSi `dasavleTi~<br />

Caereoda da ruseTs sabolood<br />

SeaCerebda. unda daveTanxmoT<br />

prezidents imaSi, rom<br />

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli<br />

Zalebi ruseTisas ver gaumklavdeba.<br />

Tu 2007 wels gada-<br />

Warbebis `uprecedento~ niWiT<br />

dajildoebul prezidents<br />

egona, rom saqarTvelo arasodes<br />

yofila aseTi Zlieri,<br />

2008 wlis agvistom am Zlierebis<br />

realuri sazRvrebi<br />

gamoaCina. es Zala sakuTari<br />

suverenitetis dasacavad (dasavleTis<br />

mxardaWeris gareSe)<br />

sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda. yvelaze<br />

savalalo ki moqalaqeebis<br />

mimarT xelisuflebis damokidebuleba<br />

iyo. saqarTvelos<br />

parlamentis Tavmjdomarem<br />

daviT baqraZem upasuxismgeblod<br />

mouwoda saqarTvelos<br />

moqalaqeebs, yvela arsebuli<br />

saSualebiT gaewiaT winaaRmdegoba<br />

rusuli jarisaTvis.<br />

baqraZis gancxadeba gviCvenebs,<br />

rom xelisuflebam Tavisi<br />

erT-erTi funqcia, qveynis<br />

Tavdacva, saqarTvelos<br />

mSvidobian mosaxleobas gadaabara.<br />

aranakleb upasuxismgeblo<br />

iyo yofili samxreT<br />

oseTis qarTuli soflebis<br />

mosaxleobis bedis anabarad<br />

mitoveba. mmarTveli partiis<br />

oficialur pirTa ganmartebas<br />

Tu davujerebT, mosaxleobis<br />

evakuacia ar momxdara<br />

imitom, rom xelisuflebas ar<br />

surda Tavisi mosaxleoba<br />

Tavisive xeliT ltolvilebad<br />

eqcia. am SemTxvevaSic aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisuflebis<br />

`prestiJi~ (sakuTari mosaxleobis<br />

ltolvilebad qceva<br />

38<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

aravin dagvabraloso) ufro<br />

mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, vidre<br />

saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis<br />

sicocxle da usafrTxoeba.<br />

mixeil saakaSvili da misi gundi<br />

ambobs, rom `dasavluri~<br />

saxelmwifos aSeneba unda da<br />

daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelmwifos<br />

gulisxmobs (konstantine<br />

gamsaxurdias romanze<br />

dayrdnobiT), magram sul sxva<br />

ram ki gamosdis. saqarTvelos<br />

prezidents hgonia, rom saqar-<br />

Tvelos moqalaqe iamayebs Tavisi<br />

qveyniT, xolo saqarTvelos<br />

mezobeli misiT `aRfr-<br />

Tovandeba~ _ ara Cveni saxelmwifosa<br />

da misi moqalaqeebis<br />

ekonomikuri keTildReobis,<br />

ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturis,<br />

cxovrebis donis, aramed<br />

`Zalovani struqturebis~<br />

siZlieris gamo. amgvari midgoma<br />

ki saqarTvelos yofil<br />

sabWoTa kavSirTan da dRevandel<br />

ruseTTan ufro aaxloebs,<br />

vidre romelime evropul<br />

saxelmwifosTan. swored sab-<br />

WoTa an Tanamedrove rus patriots<br />

SeuZlia Tvali daxuWos<br />

sakuTar socialur Tu uflebriv<br />

problemebze da iamayos<br />

jaris sididiT an birTvuli<br />

raketebis raodenobiT.<br />

`Zalis~ ritorika erTi mxriv,<br />

meore mxriv ki aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisuflebis uunaroba<br />

krizisul situaciaSi Seasrulos<br />

valdebulebebi qveynis<br />

moqalaqeebis winaSe, gviCvenebs,<br />

Tu ra models eyrdnoba<br />

`Zalis~ filosofiaze agebuli<br />

saxelmwifo. postrevoluciuri<br />

saqarTvelo jer isev<br />

postsabWoTa saqarTveloa _<br />

saxelmwifo, romelic faqtobrivad<br />

zedmetad Zlier,<br />

magram krizisul situaciebSi<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

naklebad efeqtur saxelmwifo<br />

aparatTan aris gaigivebuli,<br />

saxelmwifo, sadac saxelmwifo<br />

aparati moqalaqeze maRla<br />

dgas, saxelmwifo, sadac<br />

moqalaqeebi arseboben saxelmwifosTvis<br />

da ara saxelmwifo<br />

_ moqalaqeebisTvis.<br />

mmarTveli partiis warmomadgenlebi<br />

xSirad imeoreben,<br />

rom Secdomas is ar uSvebs,<br />

vinc arafers akeTebs. saku-<br />

Tari Secdomebis aRiareba da<br />

am Secdomebis wyaros sworad<br />

Sefasebis unari arc prezidents<br />

da arc mmarTveli partiis<br />

warmomadgenlebs aqamde<br />

ar gamouCeniaT. Secdomebis<br />

gamosworeba dResac SeiZleba.<br />

savaraudod, am Secdomebis<br />

gamosworebis potenciali<br />

nacionalur moZraobas ufro<br />

aqvs, vidre opoziciuri partiebis<br />

umravlesobas (respublikelebs<br />

Tu ar CavTvliT),<br />

radganac mmarTvel partiaSi<br />

iseTi xalxi mainc moiZebneba,<br />

Tanamedrove saxelmwifoze<br />

warmodgena rom aqvs, opozicionerTa<br />

umravlesoba ki konstituciuri<br />

monarqiis ideas<br />

da religiurad Seferil nacionalizms<br />

ver gascdenia. samwuxaroa,<br />

rom demokratiuli<br />

parolebiT mosulma xelisuflebamac<br />

saWirod CaTvala<br />

opoziciisaTvis swored nacionalisturi<br />

ideologiis<br />

frontze gaewia konkurencia.<br />

imis magivrad, rom demokratiuli<br />

reformebi gaegrZelebina<br />

da kanonis uzenaesoba<br />

daemkvidrebina, xelisuflebam<br />

ukmayofilo mosaxleobis<br />

ura-patriotizmis da daumsaxurebeli<br />

siamayis satyuaraTi<br />

damSvideba gadawyvita.<br />

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Sec-<br />

domebis gamosworebisaTvis<br />

sazogadoebam da politikosebma<br />

Tavidan unda dasvan<br />

SekiTxva: rogori unda iyos<br />

Tanamedrove qarTuli saxelmwifo?<br />

dRes ki ukve viciT,<br />

rogori ar unda iyos am saxelmwifos<br />

filosofia: arc SevardnaZiseuli<br />

`stabiluroba~,<br />

magram arc Sua saukuneebis<br />

modelze agebuli `Zliereba~,<br />

radganac orive modeli isev<br />

sabWoTa paradigmebis tyveobaSi<br />

gvabrunebs.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

39<br />

solidaroba

#1(28)<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

ZeglebiT<br />

arCil qiqoZe<br />

_ tyviebi ro gagviTavda,<br />

Cvenc da germanelebsac, daverieT<br />

erTmaneTs `StikebiT~<br />

da danebiTo, gaCaRda xel-<br />

CarTuli omio, _ hyveboda<br />

xolme mejvrisxevSi moxuci<br />

andro papa. omSi marTla iyo<br />

namyofi da invalidic dabrunebuliyo<br />

iqidan. rom SeTvreboda,<br />

sul am ambavs hyveboda<br />

da soflelebic amas<br />

elodnen, TviTonve Seaxsenebdnen<br />

da mere Tvals ukravdnen<br />

erTmaneTs, oRond andro<br />

amas yuradRebas ar aqcevda,<br />

Tavis ambavs agrZelebda: _<br />

var am ficxel omSi da zeviT,<br />

mTaze, Turme stalini da miqoiani<br />

dganan da gvicqeren.<br />

mibrunebia stalini miqoians,<br />

TiTi gamouSveria da uTqvams:<br />

_ ai, am ulvaSze damajvi, eg<br />

Tu Cveni zanguraanT andro<br />

ar iyoso. omi ro damTavrda,<br />

kide, Camovida cxonebuli dabla,<br />

movida CemTan da miTxra:<br />

_ rao, androo, mTeli am omis<br />

40<br />

TamaSi<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

ubedurebam Sen mxrebze unda<br />

gadaiaroso. _ mere gaixada<br />

Tavisi Sineli da mxrebze<br />

momagdo _ maCuqao.<br />

amaze andros coli gamoixedavda<br />

saxlidan da CaibuzRunebda:<br />

ra Sineli, ris Sineli,<br />

kaci orfexa waxvedi omSi da<br />

calfexa Camoxvedio. andros<br />

mainc uxaroda am ambis<br />

moyola da masTanac xom am<br />

ambis mosasmenad dadiodnen...<br />

Cemi karsneli mezobeli, vasiliCi,<br />

naomari ar iyo. SeiZleba<br />

omis merec ki iyo dabadebuli.<br />

SesaxedaobiT misi<br />

asakis gamocnoba ar iyo advili.<br />

stalinis sadRegrZelosTvis<br />

sagangebod moemzadeboda,<br />

gaseriozuldeboda<br />

da Suqi CaeRvreboda Tvaleb-<br />

Si. _ im ulvaSa biWs gaumarjoso,<br />

_ ase ityoda, _ liaxv-<br />

Si ro banaobda da kremlSi<br />

ro daimarxao. uamravi anek-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

doti icoda stalinze, Ziri-<br />

Tadad Sinelze, Cibuxze, beladis<br />

ubraloebaze da samar-<br />

Tlianobaze. erTxel gulnatkenma<br />

miTxra, Turme gazeTeb-<br />

Si stalinze weren _ kulti<br />

iyoo. hai, dedasa, aba, dedimisis<br />

Svili iyo da vinmes pir-<br />

Si eTqva _ kulti xaaro. xo<br />

utirebda dedaso! _ mere saCvenebel<br />

TiTs win gamoiSvira<br />

da _ bax, bax, bax... _ daiZaxa.<br />

zanguraanT andro ukve didi<br />

xania cocxali aRar aris.<br />

sami wlis win meoTxe insultma<br />

vasiliCsac mouRo bolo,<br />

oRond manamde logins mijaWvuli<br />

da naxevarsxeulwarTmeuli<br />

mainc jiutad adRegr-<br />

Zelebda ulvaSa biWs. imisi<br />

swamda.<br />

erT xnier kacs vicnobdi<br />

qarTlSi. bavSvobisas stalinisTvis<br />

amanaTi gaumzadebia.<br />

`goruli mwvane~ monatreboda<br />

kremlSi da sxvebTan erTad<br />

es kacic (maSin bavSvi) sagangebod<br />

arCeul mtevnebs<br />

frTxilad ulagebda naxerxiT<br />

savse yuTebSi. am ambavsac<br />

frTxilad, rudunebiT hyveboda,<br />

TiTqos es iyo yvelaze<br />

mniSvnelovani ram, rac cxovrebaSi<br />

gadaxdenoda...<br />

kidev ramdeni aseTi ambis moyola<br />

SeiZleba, magram Cemi saTqmeli<br />

ai ra aris _ gvinda Tu<br />

ar gvinda Cven, `gliancis Jurnalebis~<br />

myidvelebsa da mkiTxvelebs,<br />

stalini dResac cocxali<br />

gmiria, radgan ubralo<br />

xalxSi uamravi anekdoti coc-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

41<br />

solidaroba<br />

xlobs mis Sesaxeb, ambebi, romlebic<br />

Taobidan Taobas gadaecema,<br />

romlebic ar aris daStampuli,<br />

mematianis an Tundac<br />

skolis pedagogis moTxrobili.<br />

es ambebi ar iwereba wignebsa<br />

da gazeTebSi, amitomac mudmivad<br />

icvleba. stalinisTana<br />

cocxali gmiri me mxolod<br />

erekle mefe meguleba. mis Sesaxebac<br />

mravali zepiri ambavi<br />

cocxlobs, magram am ors Soris<br />

gansxvaveba mainc didia.<br />

erekle ufro lokaluria _<br />

misi miTi (romelic bevrad<br />

keTilia da ubralo glexkacis<br />

siyvarulze da misadmi Tavdadebazea<br />

damyarebuli) mxolod<br />

kaxeTs faravs. stalini ki...<br />

am zafxuls poloneli turistebi<br />

meubnebodnen: _ ici, rom

#1(28)<br />

stalini poloneli iyoo? _<br />

ara-meTqi, _ ar vicodi aseTi<br />

versia. _ ki, ganTqmuli poloneli<br />

mogzauris, prJevalskis,<br />

ukanono Svili iyoo. prJevalskis<br />

portreti Tu ginaxavs,<br />

rogor hgavso. gamaxsenda,<br />

rom didi mogzauris portreti<br />

nanaxi, xolo misi stalinis<br />

mamobis mkrexeluri legenda<br />

gagonili mqonda (sabralo<br />

kekes ra aRar daabrales),<br />

oRond prJevalski yovelTvis<br />

rusi mogzauri megona da misi<br />

gvaris polonur JReradobaze<br />

arasodes davfiqrebulvar.<br />

maSin momagonda da turistebsac<br />

movuyevi, rom sxva mizezebTan<br />

erTad, osebis Cvenze,<br />

qarTvelebze, ganawyenebis<br />

erT-erTi seriozuli mizezi<br />

swored Cven mier stalinis<br />

`miTviseba~ iyo, magram polonelebi,<br />

romlebsac yvelaferi<br />

rusulis da sabWouris mimarT<br />

siZulvili TiTqmis sisxlSi<br />

aqvT gamjdari, Tanac isini,<br />

vinc mTaSi myavda wayvanili,<br />

polonur elitas warmoadgenda,<br />

jer kidev axalgazrdebi,<br />

evropulad simpaTiurebi da<br />

movlilebi _ yvelani warmatebuli<br />

biznesmenebi da qvelmoqmedebi<br />

iyvnen, magram rodesac<br />

prJevalskis SesaZlo mamobaze<br />

gamecina, iseTi seriozulobiT<br />

daiwyes polonuri versiis<br />

dacva, rom mivxvdi, maTac ar<br />

eTmobodaT sakuTari qveynis<br />

damaqceveli didi diqtatori.<br />

meore saRamos koconTan Cveni<br />

qveynebis sadRegrZeloebs<br />

vsvamdiT da polonelebma<br />

miTxres, odesRac Cveni qveyana<br />

baltiis zRvidan Sav zRvamde<br />

iyoo da, ai, im poloneTs<br />

gaumarjoso. maSin ki mivxvdi,<br />

rom saerTo Cven da maT mar-<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

Tlac bevri gvqonia, magram<br />

es sxva ambavia ukve.<br />

isic kargad maxsovs, rom, rodesac<br />

saakaSvili xelisuflebaSi<br />

movida da isev gaCnda uecari<br />

Semobrunebis mudam fuWi<br />

da mudam damRupveli molodini,<br />

maSin viRac-viRaceebi<br />

ambobdnen, ega da stalini erT<br />

dRes arian dabadebulnio,<br />

iqneba gveSveloso. simarTle<br />

rom vTqva, ar gadamimowmebia<br />

da dRemde arcerTis dabadebis<br />

dRe ar vici, magram am<br />

damTxvevaSi rom niSans<br />

xedavdnen da Tanac sasikeTo<br />

niSans, es kargad maxsovs.<br />

kidev, me vicnobdi holandiel<br />

students, romelic sadRac<br />

oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis SuaSi<br />

saqarTveloSi Camovida stalinizmis<br />

Temaze naSromis dasawerad,<br />

xolo savele samuSaoebis<br />

Casatareblad gorSi<br />

erT Zalian patiosan ojaxSi<br />

Casaxlda. ramdenime Tvis<br />

ganmavlobaSi holandielma<br />

imdeni ambavi moismina stalinze,<br />

imdenjer dalia misi sad-<br />

RegrZelo, imdeni stumarTmoyvare<br />

adamiani naxa beladis<br />

madidebeli, rom TviTonac<br />

Tavgadadebul Tu ara, Sefarul<br />

stalinistad iqca da<br />

mere TbilisSi gvimtkicebda,<br />

mTlad egrec ar aris saqme,<br />

Tqven rom ggoniaT, maSin<br />

sxvanairi dro iyo, amxela<br />

qveynis marTva ar gindodao...<br />

_ egeTebic xdeba.<br />

kidev, daginaxavT stalini<br />

mTvareze? me daminaxavs. vin<br />

damanaxa pirvelad _ aRar<br />

maxsovs, magram durbindiT<br />

rom didxans ucqiro savse<br />

mTvares, zed aucileblad<br />

aRmoaCen ulvaSebian profils.<br />

42<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

hgavs? _ hgavs. aba, ulvaSebiani<br />

sxva vin unda iyos, Tu ara<br />

stalini. neta, vin aRmoaCina<br />

pirvelma?<br />

gorSi rom stalinis Zegli<br />

dgas, es yvelam viciT. sxvaTa<br />

Soris, marto gorSi ara, magaliTad,<br />

tyibulis centrSic<br />

dgas beladis uzarmazari qandakeba<br />

da rodesac oTxmocdaaTiani<br />

wlebis bolos (zust<br />

TariRs axla verafriT gavixseneb)<br />

iq mivlinebiT movxvdi,<br />

sul ramdenime Tvis dadgmuli<br />

iyo. iqaurebma _ lumpen<br />

proletariatad qceulma yofilma<br />

maRaroelebma _ siamayiT<br />

miambes, rom Zegli sagangebod<br />

aRmarTes SevardnaZis<br />

CamosvlisTvis (`berlinis<br />

kedlis damangrevels~ stalinis<br />

Zegls axvedreben. absurdia,<br />

ara?). ver aswrebdnen,<br />

radgan amsimZime tvirTis asawevi<br />

amwe raions ar hqonda,<br />

ar hqonda raions aseTi amwes<br />

dasaqiravebeli saxsrebic,<br />

magram bolo wuTs moinaxa<br />

rusTavSi momuSave warmoSobiT<br />

tyibuleli `kranavSiki~,<br />

romelic usasyidlod daTanxmda<br />

Camosvlasa da stalinis<br />

kvarcxlbekze moTavsebas. mere<br />

miambes am adamianis odisea,<br />

rogor moiCqaroda Tavisi<br />

`kraniT~ rusTavidan, rom<br />

mSobliuri qalaqi ar daeRalatebina,<br />

rogori imediT<br />

elodnen mas tyibulSi, ramden<br />

sarfian winadadebaze Tqva<br />

gzaSi uari da bolos mainc<br />

Camoaswro, _ sul ramdenime<br />

saaTiT adre, sanam prezidenti<br />

Camovidoda, mainc daaskupa<br />

Zegli adgilze. damijerT,<br />

rom am ambebs yovelgvari cinizmis<br />

gareSe vwer, es ubralod<br />

realobaa da kidev siyvaruli,<br />

mere ra, rom es siyva-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

uli didi SiSianobidan da<br />

msoflios istoriaSi udidesi,<br />

momnusxveli hipnozidan<br />

modis, es gadarCenilebis siyvarulia,<br />

represiebs gadarCenilebis,<br />

yvelaze didi omidan<br />

cocxlebad da, rac Zalian<br />

mniSvnelovania, gamarjvebiT<br />

dabrunebulebis, da maTi Svilebisa<br />

da SviliSvilebis siyvarulia...<br />

bolos da bolos,<br />

53-Si Soreul cimbirsa da<br />

Sua aziaSi mis mier gadasaxlebuli<br />

milionobiT adamiani<br />

alal cremls Rvrida beladis<br />

gardacvalebis gamo...<br />

im 53-Si xevsurTSi erTi xalxuri<br />

leqsic daiwera. ase iwyeba:<br />

`iqneba Sascda radio,<br />

ambav ver maitanao...~<br />

da kidev, stalini qarTveli<br />

iyo (Tumca, osebisTvis _ osi),<br />

patara eris didi Svili. _ napoleons<br />

imitom ar aRmerTeben<br />

frangebi, rom korsikeli<br />

iyoo. aba, frangi yofiliyo,<br />

zecaSi eyolebodaT ayvanilio.<br />

rusebi stalins imitom<br />

gvigineben, rom qarTveli<br />

iyoo da Cven unda davicvaT<br />

bolomdeo, _ arsebobs aseTi<br />

azric. magram aRmoCnda, rom<br />

rusebic ver Tmoben Cvens<br />

stalins. imaTac Tavisi stalini<br />

enatrebaT Turme, Tavisi<br />

`derJava~, imaT Tavisi ubedureba<br />

sWirT, Cven _ Cveni.<br />

sanam es ubedurebebi Zalian<br />

emgvaneba erTmaneTs, verc<br />

Cveni gzebi gaiyreba, amaSi<br />

darwmunebuli var.<br />

am statiis (romelsac statiasac<br />

Znelad davarqmevdi, ufro<br />

beladis Temebze fantaziebsa<br />

hgavs) dawera ki iman mafiqrebina,<br />

rom gorSi stalinis<br />

Zeglis aRebaze isev daiwyo<br />

laparaki, Tanac beladis monumentis<br />

Camoxsnis idea zustad<br />

im dReebSi gaCnda, rodesac<br />

televiziiT yoveldRe<br />

agvistos movlenebTan dakav-<br />

Sirebul saparlamento gamo-<br />

Ziebas vadevnebdiT Tvals,<br />

rodesac xalxi, vinc wesierad<br />

arc ki viciT, vin aris, `dakiTxvas<br />

uwyobs~ maT, visac<br />

ukve Zalian kargad vicnobT;<br />

rodesac haerSi damiznebiT<br />

frinavdnen sawerkalmebi, xolo<br />

ucbad gagulaxdilebuli<br />

qveynis prezidenti RimiliT<br />

aRiarebda: grZnobebisgan<br />

halstuxsac ki Caidebs pirSi<br />

kacio (`SiSi grexi ar ari, Zmao~,<br />

_ Cems bavSvobaSi iyo egeTi<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

43<br />

solidaroba<br />

`apravdania~), hoda, am ambebs<br />

daemTxva stalinis Zeglis moxsnis<br />

(cota mogvianebiT misi<br />

okupaciis muzeumis goris<br />

filialSi gadatanis) idea.<br />

ra Tqma unda, Cemi saTqmeli<br />

sul martivadac SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas da daaxloebiT aseTi<br />

iqneba _ ZeglSi ar aris saqme.<br />

Zeglis Camoxsna yvelaze advilia<br />

(Tumca stalinisa mainc<br />

gaWirdeba), Zneli iseTi qveynis<br />

aSenebaa, romelic Zalmomreobaze<br />

ar iqneba damyarebuli,<br />

amas marTla didi Sroma<br />

sWirdeba mTavrobebisac da<br />

xalxisac da maSin stalini da<br />

misi Zeglic aRar iqneba aqtu-

#1(28)<br />

aluri, Camosuli ucxoeli<br />

Jurnalistebi masSi totalitarul<br />

simbolos ki ara, goris<br />

kolorits dainaxaven da Taobebic<br />

aRar gaizrdebian daundobeli<br />

xeliT wesrigis damamyarebel<br />

ulvaSa biZis idealze.<br />

ai, maSin ukve Tavad gorelebi<br />

gadawyveten, sWirdebaT<br />

Tu ara qalaqSi es monumenti.<br />

magram aris kidev erTi ram _<br />

Tan Zalian tragikuli da Tan<br />

sasacilo... qarTlidan devnilebic<br />

hyvebodnen da Jurnalistebic<br />

werdnen, rom agvistoSi<br />

rus jariskacebs araer-<br />

Txel uTqvamT: Tqveni bedi,<br />

rom stalinis miwaze varT, magas<br />

uTxariT gadarCenisTvis<br />

madlobao. da kidev: TviTmxilvelebi<br />

ambobdnen (da ara mgonia,<br />

rame gamoegonaT): mTvrali<br />

generali borisovi stalinis<br />

ZeglTan misula da _ `prasti<br />

batiuSkao~ _ ebodiSeboda<br />

Turme. ese igi, ra gamovida?<br />

mkvdarma tiranma da misma Zeglma<br />

ufro meti saqme gaakeTa<br />

da ufro meti sicocxle gadaarCina,<br />

vidre mTavrobam,<br />

romelmac ise miatova iqauroba,<br />

rom xalxis evakuaciis gankargulebac<br />

ar gaucia. cariel<br />

qalaqSi rusis jars mxolod<br />

samRvdeloeba xvdeboda<br />

da kidev koba dascqeroda<br />

Tavis maRali kvarcxlbekidan.<br />

mgoni, amaze Rirs dafiqreba.<br />

magram me mTxrobeli ukeTesi<br />

var, vidre moazrovne da amitom<br />

erT ambavsac giambobT:<br />

ramdenime wlis win amerikeli<br />

studentebis jgufi waviyvane<br />

stalinis muzeumSi. maSin pirvelad<br />

da jerjerobiT ukanasknelad<br />

movxvdi iq. marTalia,<br />

muzeumis naxva Tavad stu-<br />

Solidarität<br />

perspeqtiva<br />

dentebis survili iyo, mainc<br />

cota daibnen _ ar elodnen<br />

amxela masStabebs. ianvari<br />

iyo da muzeumis uzarmazar<br />

darbazebSi Zalian cioda. studentebi<br />

moibuznen da daiTrgunen<br />

ise, rogorc mxolod<br />

18-19 wlis amerikeli SeiZleba<br />

moibuzos da daiTrgunos<br />

beladis relikviebiT savse<br />

gayinul labirinTebSi. maSin<br />

Tan gvaxlda Cemi ufrosi goreli<br />

megobari, miSa cercvaZe<br />

(igive weko), mTamsvleli da<br />

saocrad laRi adamiani. uceb<br />

weko sadRac gaZvra-gamoZvra,<br />

mere gaqra da cota xanSi stalinis<br />

SinelSi gamowyobili<br />

gamogvecxada, ai, im legendarul<br />

SinelSi. Turme muzeumis<br />

direqtori misi Zmakaci iyo.<br />

maSin bevri vicineT da miamit<br />

amerikelebsac moexsnaT da-<br />

Zabuloba _ Tu ar mixvdnen,<br />

igrZnes mainc, rom am gayinul<br />

darbazSi maT gverdiT iyo<br />

adamiani, romelsac, ai, is<br />

raRaca (gind beladis kulti<br />

davarqvaT da gind sxva ram),<br />

ramac maTze ase damTrgunvelad<br />

imoqmeda, araTu daemarcxebina,<br />

sulac fexebze ekida.<br />

Tanac weko TviTon tanmorCilia<br />

da Sineli mainc ar ekvreboda<br />

wesierad. etyoba, beladi<br />

mTlad patara yofila.<br />

ramdenime kviris Semdeg, rodesac<br />

imave jgufs aeroportSi<br />

vacilebdi, erT-erTma gogonam,<br />

romlis xma manamde TiTqmis<br />

ar gamegona, TiTi gaiSvira<br />

firniSisken, romelzec jorj<br />

buSia gamosaxuli da qveS ki<br />

aweria, rom quCa mis saxels<br />

atarebs, da Zalian moridebulad<br />

miTxra: me mgonia, rom TbilisSi<br />

jorj buSis quCa ufro<br />

didi sircxvilia, vidre gorSi<br />

stalinis Zegli da muzeumio.<br />

44<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

ise, jorj buSis quCisTvis,<br />

mgoni, male mogviwevs saxelis<br />

Secvla. aseTi kosmetikuri<br />

Canacvlebebis mowme araerTxel<br />

gavmxdarvarT. kargad maxsovs<br />

1983 wels zura wereTlis<br />

mier mcxeTis gzaze dadgmuli<br />

georgievskis traqtatis orasi<br />

wlisadmi miZRvnili monumenti<br />

_ didi liTonis kvanZi,<br />

romelic ori xalxis samudamo<br />

Zmobas gamoxatavda, mis<br />

SigniT ki am megobrobis amsaxveli<br />

bareliefi ekida. mere<br />

saqarTvelo damoukidebeli<br />

gaxda da avtorma saswrafod<br />

Camoxsna bareliefi, mis adgilas<br />

ki wminda ninos jvari Casva.<br />

amrigad, liTonis kvanZma<br />

jvris garSemo sul sxva datvirTva<br />

SeiZina. mere megobrobis<br />

muzeumi okupaciis muzeumad<br />

gadakeTda da mzem, romelic<br />

CrdiloeTidan amodioda,<br />

axla dasavleTidan SemogvanaTa.<br />

kidev moskovis<br />

prospeqts daupires gavarSaveba,<br />

puSkinis skvers _ albaT<br />

gasenkeviCeba, moZme ukraineli<br />

mgosani ki erT RameSi<br />

daskupda Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />

universitetis pirvel<br />

korpusTan. eg yvelaferi kargi,<br />

oRond iberia raRac saeWvod<br />

agvianebs gabrwyinebas...<br />

stalini ki dgas.<br />

an ki riTi ginda Caanaclo<br />

Zegli kacisa, romlis sadRegrZeloc<br />

ase ismeva:<br />

im ulvaSa biWs gaumarjos,<br />

dedamiwas rom RerZi gamoacala,<br />

sirze wamoicva da Tavis<br />

nebaze atrialao!<br />

Znelia, ara?<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

politika da ideologia<br />

demokratia<br />

1997 wlis zafxuls erT-erTma<br />

iaponurma gazeTma mommarTa<br />

kiTxviT, ra iyo, Cemi azriT,<br />

XX saukunis yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />

movlena. erTi SexedviT,<br />

tvinis saWyleti SekiTxvaa<br />

_ imdeni ram moxda am bolo<br />

aswleulSi. gasrulda britaneTis,<br />

safrangeTisa da, saerTod,<br />

evropuli imperiebis<br />

zeobis xana; or msoflio oms<br />

SeveswariT; Tvals vadevnebdiT<br />

faSizmisa da nacizmis aRzeveba-dacemas,<br />

komunizmis<br />

meufebasa da mis ngrevas (yofil<br />

sabWoTa kavSirSi) Tu saxecvlilebas<br />

(CineTSi); vxedavdiT<br />

rogor icvleboda Cvens<br />

regionSi dasavleTis ekonomikis<br />

gavlena axali ekonomikuri<br />

balansiT _ am SemTxveva-<br />

Si iaponiisa da samxreT-aRmosavleT<br />

aziis momZlavrebis<br />

xarjze. Tumca swored am bolo<br />

wlebSi garkveuli finansuri<br />

da ekonomikuri problemebic<br />

SeiniSneboda, magram aTwleulebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi (iaponiis<br />

SemTxvevaSi ki lamis mTeli<br />

saukunis manZilze) msoflio<br />

ekonomikis dabalansebis<br />

procesi aSkaraa.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

45<br />

solidaroba<br />

rogorc universaluri faseuloba<br />

amartia seni<br />

mokled, drois am periodSi<br />

mniSvnelovani movlenebi ar<br />

dagvklebia. egaa, piradad Cem-<br />

Tvis arCevanis gakeTeba Zneli<br />

ar yofila: mravalTagan gamor-<br />

Ceulad mainc demokratiis aRzevebis<br />

procesi mesaxeba. darwmunebuli<br />

var, Soreuli momavlis<br />

gadasaxedidan mmarTvelobis<br />

yvelaze misaReb formad<br />

misi damkvidreba umTavres<br />

movlenad gamoCndeba.<br />

Tavad demokratiis idea, raRa<br />

Tqma unda, Zvel saberZneTSi<br />

Caisaxa, ori aTas welze meti<br />

xnis winaT. msgavsi mcdelobebi<br />

sxvaganac iyo, Tundac<br />

indoeTSi, magram mxolod<br />

antikuri xanis saberZneTSi<br />

moxerxda realurad misi xorcSesxma<br />

da praqtikaSi gatareba<br />

(Tumca ki metad Sekvecili<br />

saxiT), sanam mas isev mmarTvelobis<br />

ufro avtoritaruli<br />

formebi ar Caenacvla.<br />

mas Semdeg karga xanma ganvlo<br />

da demokratiis, rogorc moqmedi<br />

mmarTveli sistemis, saboloo<br />

Camoyalibebaze mravalma<br />

calkeulma movlenam

#1(28)<br />

imoqmeda: 1215 wels magna qartas<br />

xelmoweridan mokidebuli,<br />

vidre me-18 saukunis safrangeTisa<br />

da amerikis revoluciebamde<br />

Tu me-19 saukuneSi saarCevno<br />

uflebebis gafarToebamde<br />

evropis qveynebsa da<br />

Crdilo amerikaSi; oRond demokratiis<br />

sayovelTaod miRebul,<br />

mmarTvelobis `normalur~<br />

formad qceva mxolod Cvens<br />

saukuneSi gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />

demokratiis momavlis universalobis<br />

ideac imave XX saukunis<br />

pirmSoa. is mojanyeebi,<br />

magna qartas saSualebiT<br />

inglisis mefis uflebebis<br />

Sekvecas rom miaRwies, amas<br />

pirwmindad lokaluri mniSvnelobis<br />

saWiroebad aRiqvamdnen,<br />

damoukideblobisaTvis<br />

mebrZoli amerikelebisa Tu<br />

frangi revolucionerebisagan<br />

gansxvavebiT, romelTac<br />

demokratia sazogadod aucilebel<br />

sistemad uCndaT, magram<br />

praqtikulad maTi moTxovnebis<br />

arealic isev da isev<br />

garkveuli regioniT _ Crdilo<br />

atlantikis orive mxriT<br />

_ SemoisazRvreboda da ekonomikur,<br />

socialur, politikur<br />

wyobaTa istoriiT iyo<br />

ganpirobebuli.<br />

XIX saukuneSi demokratiis TeoretikosebisaTvis<br />

savsebiT<br />

bunebrivi gaxldaT imis gansja,<br />

ramdenad mzad iyo esa Tu<br />

is qveyana demokratiuli wyobis<br />

gasaTaviseblad. amgvari<br />

midgomis Secvla mxolod XX<br />

saukuneSi moxda, roca TviT<br />

SekiTxvis amgvarad dasmis<br />

mcdaroba gaiazres: qveyanas<br />

ki ar moeTxoveba mzadyofna<br />

demokratiis misaRebad, aramed<br />

swored demokratiis meSveobiT<br />

aRwevs am mdgomareobas.<br />

Solidarität<br />

politika da ideologia<br />

es marTlac rom mkveTri cvlileba<br />

iyo, ramac mmarTvelobis<br />

demokratiuli forma dedamiwis<br />

miliardobiT mkvidr-<br />

TaTvis potenciurad misaRwev<br />

realobad aqcia _ da es maTi<br />

istoriuli ganviTarebis, kulturis,<br />

keTildReobis gansxvavebuli<br />

doneebis miuxedavad.<br />

isic am saukunis iyo, xalxi<br />

rom sabolood SeTanxmda _<br />

`arCevnebSi sayovelTao monawileobis<br />

ufleba~ marTlac<br />

yvelas unda gulisxmobdes _<br />

kacsac da qalsac. amas winaT<br />

Sveicariis prezidents, SesaniSnav<br />

qalbaton ruT dreifuss,<br />

Sevxvdi da uceb viazre<br />

_ sul raRac meoTxedi saukunis<br />

win Sveicariel qalebs<br />

arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebac<br />

ki ar hqondaT. axla Cven,<br />

bolos da bolos, imis gagebas<br />

mainc mivaRwieT, rom universaloba,<br />

iseve rogorc mowyaleba,<br />

dausazRvravia.<br />

TavisTavad (gana uarvyof!)<br />

universalobaze demokratiis<br />

pretenzias jer kidev bevri<br />

winaRoba aqvs gadasalaxi.<br />

winaaRmdegobebi sul sxvadasxva<br />

saxisaa da sul sxvadasxva<br />

mxridan Cndeba. garkveulwilad<br />

es sakiTxi winamdebare<br />

eseis Temacaa: vecdebi ganvsajo<br />

demokratiis pretenzia _<br />

iqces universalur faseulobad<br />

_ da amis Taobaze atexili<br />

davac mimovixilo. oRond<br />

sanam amas Sevudgebode, aucilebelia<br />

naTlad gamovkveToT<br />

is sazrisi, romlis mixedvi-<br />

Tac demokratia dominantur<br />

rwmenad aRiqmeba Tanamedrove<br />

samyaroSi.<br />

yovel xanasa da socialur<br />

garemoSi TavisTavad arsebobs<br />

46<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

rigi garkveuli rwmenebisa,<br />

zogad kanonebad romaa miCneuli<br />

default sistemis msgavsad<br />

kompiuterul programeb-<br />

Si: isini marTebulad miiCnevian,<br />

sanam maTi debulebani<br />

safuZvlianad ar iqneba uaryofili;<br />

da Tumca demokratia<br />

jer ar qceula sayovelTaod<br />

miRebul praqtikad an Tundac<br />

erTmniSvnelovnad gaziarebul<br />

debulebad dRevandel<br />

msoflioSi, demokratiuli<br />

mmarTvelobis TviT forma<br />

ukve zogadad marTebulis<br />

statusiT sargeblobs.<br />

es istoriuli cvlilebaa arc-<br />

Tu ise didi xnis winandel<br />

mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT,<br />

roca azia-afrikis qveynebSi<br />

demokratiuli gardaqmnebis<br />

mosurneT kbilebiT uxdebodaT<br />

brZola sakuTari poziciebis<br />

dasacavad. ra Tqma unda,<br />

jer kidev didxans mogviwevs<br />

dava-kamaTi maTTan, vinc aSkarad<br />

Tu farulad demokratiis<br />

saWiroebas uaryofs, magram<br />

isic aRsaniSnavia, raoden<br />

Seicvala zogadi ganwyoba wina<br />

saukunesTan SedarebiT.<br />

Cven ukve aRar gvixdeba xelaxla<br />

imis rkveva, rom, vTqvaT,<br />

samxreT afrikis respublika<br />

an Cile aris Tu ara `demokratiisaTvis<br />

mzad~ (SekiTxva,<br />

romelic Cveulebrivi ram<br />

iyo XIX saukuneSi); demokratiis<br />

amgvar universalurad<br />

misadagebel sistemad cnoba,<br />

romelsac cota uklia, universalur<br />

faseulobadac rom<br />

cnon, XX saukunis mTavar<br />

miRwevad da namdvil gadatrialebad<br />

mesaxeba Cvens cxovrebaSi.<br />

swored am ganxriT<br />

msurs ganvixilo kidec demokratiis<br />

universaluri Rirebulebis<br />

sakiTxi.<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

indoeTis magaliTi<br />

ramdenad kargad imuSava demokratiulma<br />

sistemam? maSin,<br />

roca amgvari SekiTxva aravis<br />

mosdis TavSi SeerTebul Statebze,<br />

safrangeTsa Tu britaneTze<br />

saubrisas, igive sakiTxi<br />

didi Sexla-Semoxlis sagania<br />

msoflios mraval Rarib qveyanasTan<br />

mimarTebiT. istoriul<br />

wiaRsvlebs aq ar gamovudgebi,<br />

magram is ki msurs<br />

ganvacxado, rom demokratiam<br />

imuSava da sakmaod kargadac.<br />

indoeTi, bunebrivia, am kama-<br />

Tis erTi mTavari obieqtTagani<br />

iyo. britaneTi imitomac<br />

idga uarze damoukidebloba<br />

moeca CvenTvis, rom vera da ver<br />

daejerebina, sakuTari qveynis<br />

marTvas Tu SevZlebdiT. 1947<br />

wels, roca damoukidebloba<br />

gamovacxadeT, indoeTSi mar-<br />

Tlac gvariani areuloba sufevda:<br />

daqucmacebuli qveyana,<br />

gamoucdeli mTavroba, gaurkveveli<br />

politikuri kursi,<br />

sarwmunoebrivi SuRli mosaxleobaSi<br />

da mougvarebeli<br />

socialuri problemebi. ra<br />

gasakviria, Tu Zneli iyo momavali<br />

erTiani da demokratiuli<br />

indoeTisa erwmuna vinmes. da<br />

mainc, sul raRac naxevari<br />

saukunis mere, aRmoCnda rom<br />

demokratias marTlac kargad<br />

umuSavia: met-naklebad moxerxda<br />

politikuri uTanxmoebebis<br />

konstituciur CarCoebSi<br />

moqceva, mTavrobebic arCevnebisa<br />

da saparlamento kanonebis<br />

Sesabamisad icvlebodnen.<br />

axlac, mravali naklovanebis<br />

miuxedavad, indoeTi arsebobs<br />

rogorc demokratiuli<br />

wyobis politikuri erTeuli<br />

da amas isev demokratiis qmediT<br />

sistemas unda umadlodes.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

47<br />

solidaroba<br />

indoeTma mosaxleobis enobrivi<br />

siWrelisa da religiaTa<br />

simravlis problemasac gaar-<br />

Tva Tavi. marTalia, sarwmunoebriv<br />

da Temobriv niadagze<br />

warmoSobil problemebs TavianT<br />

sasargeblod iyeneben<br />

xolme sxvadasxva juris fanatikosi<br />

politikosebi (Tundac<br />

am bolo Tveebis ambebi<br />

gavixsenoT), romelnic TavianTi<br />

qmedebebiT Tavzars<br />

scemen mTel qveyanas. oRond<br />

is, rom fanatizmisagan Sobili<br />

Zaladobis am calkeul faqtebs<br />

qveynis yvela kuTxeSi<br />

gmoben, ukve swored rom demokratiuli<br />

wyobismieri garantia<br />

aris _ brma rwmenis<br />

kuTxuri interesebisaTvis<br />

gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdego. es<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />

imgvari qveynis TviTgadarCenisa<br />

da ganviTarebisaTvis,<br />

rogoric indoeTia, sa-

#1(28)<br />

dac hindu umravlesobis garda,<br />

milionobiT muslimi<br />

(indoeTi msoflioSi mesame<br />

adgilzea muslimanTa raodenobiT),<br />

qristiani da budisti<br />

cxovrobs, rom aRaraferi<br />

vTqvaT siqhebze, parsebsa da<br />

jainebze.<br />

demokratia da<br />

ekonomikuri<br />

ganviTarebis sakiTxi<br />

xSirad gaigonebT, rom arademokratiuli<br />

sistemebi ufro<br />

efeqturia ekonomikis gasavi-<br />

Tareblad. es Tvalsazrisi<br />

zogjer `lis hipoTezis~ saxeliTac<br />

ixsenieba misi Tavgamodebuli<br />

damcvelis, singapuris<br />

yofili prezidentis li<br />

kuan ius gamo. marTalia,<br />

zogi mkacrreJimiani qveyana<br />

(samxreT korea, singapuri,<br />

reformis Semdegdroindeli<br />

CineTi) ufro swrafad iwevda<br />

win ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblis<br />

mixedviT, vidre bevri<br />

araavtoritaruli saxelmwifo<br />

(indoeTi, iamaika, kosta-rika),<br />

magram nu dagvaviwydeba,<br />

rom `lis hipoTeza~,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas sporadul<br />

monacemebs, mwir da metismetad<br />

SerCeviT informacias<br />

eyrdnoboda da ara farTo<br />

statistikur analizs. zogadi<br />

daskvnis gamotana ki monacemTa<br />

aseT bazaze dayrdnobiT<br />

SeuZlebelia. singapurisa<br />

Tu CineTis ekonomikis zrdis<br />

maCvenebeli iseve ar gamodgeba<br />

avtoritaruli sistemis<br />

ukeTesobis ilustraciad,<br />

rogorc, vTqvaT, botsvanis<br />

sarekordod SesaniSnavi procentuli<br />

maCveneblebi _ am<br />

qveynis demokratiis oazisad<br />

gamosacxadeblad. amgvari<br />

mtkicebebisaTvis meti siste-<br />

Solidarität<br />

politika da ideologia<br />

muri, empiriuli masalaa<br />

mosaZiebeli da sakvlevi.<br />

bolos da bolos, araviTari<br />

damajerebeli sabuTi ar arsebobs,<br />

TiTqosda, avtoritaruli<br />

mmarTveloba marTla<br />

xels uwyobdes ekonomikis ganviTarebas.<br />

arc zogadi statistikuri<br />

suraTi iZleva amis<br />

safuZvels, xolo aranairi<br />

sistemuri empiriuli Seswavla<br />

(Tundac, robert baros an<br />

adam prJevorskisa aviRoT)<br />

ar mianiSnebs imaze, TiTqos<br />

Zireuli ganxeTqileba arsebobdes<br />

politikuri uflebebis<br />

dacvasa da ekonomikur<br />

warmatebas Soris. pirdapiri<br />

kavSiri aq bevr sxva Tanxmleb<br />

movlenazea damokidebuli<br />

da, Tumca zogi statistikuri<br />

analizi mainc migvaniSnebs<br />

garkveul uaryofiT efeqtze,<br />

sxvebi dadebiT muxts aRnusxaven.<br />

yvela am komparatiul<br />

gamokvlevas erTad rom movuyaroT<br />

Tavi, sulac im azramde<br />

mivalT, rom ekonomikur<br />

zrdasa da demokratias Soris<br />

sinamdvileSi araviTari cxadi<br />

urTierTkavSiri ar arsebobs.<br />

ubralod, demokratia da politikuri<br />

Tavisufleba Tavis-<br />

Tavadi Rirebulebebia.<br />

aseve, metad mniSvnelovania<br />

kvlevis meTodebis sakiTxi:<br />

sakmarisi araa statistikuri<br />

kavSirebis Zieba; aucilebelia<br />

ekonomikur zrdasa da ganvi-<br />

TarebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

mizez-Sedegobrivi procesebis<br />

gamowvlilviT ganxilvac.<br />

is ekonomikuri politika da<br />

garemo pirobebi, ramac Soreuli<br />

aRmosavleTis qveynebis<br />

ekonomikuri aRmasvla gamoiwvia,<br />

dReisaTvis sakmarisadaa<br />

Seswavlili. Tumca sxvadasxva<br />

avtori gansxvavebul<br />

sakiTxebze amaxvilebs yurad-<br />

48<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Rebas, ZiriTadad mainc Tanxmdebian<br />

`xelSemwyob RonisZiebaTa~<br />

im CamonaTvalze, romelic<br />

moicavs rogorc Ria konkurencias,<br />

saerTaSoriso bazarze<br />

gasvlas, saxelmwifos<br />

mier investirebebisa da eqsportis<br />

stimulirebas, aseve _<br />

wignierebisa da swavlebis<br />

sakmaod maRal dones, miwis<br />

reformebsa da sxva socialuri<br />

xasiaTis RonisZiebebs, ramac<br />

mkveTri biZgi misca ekonomikuri<br />

procesebis gafar-<br />

Toebas. magram araviTari sababi<br />

ara gvaqvs davaskvnaT,<br />

TiTqos romelime amaTganis<br />

gatareba SeuZlebeli iqneboda<br />

demokratiis pirobebSi da<br />

amisaTvis uciloblad samxreT<br />

koreaSi, singapursa Tu<br />

CineTSi arsebuli avtoritaruli<br />

reJimebis Tanadgoma<br />

iyo saWiro. piriqiT, bevri<br />

ram swored imaze miuTiTebs,<br />

rom swrafi ekonomikuri zrda<br />

jansaR ekonomikur garemos<br />

moiTxovs da ara mkacr politikur<br />

reJims.<br />

suraTis sisrulisaTvis aucilebelia<br />

ekonomikuri zrdis<br />

mimoxilvis viwro CarCoebs<br />

gavcdeT da, zogadad, ekonomikuri<br />

ganviTarebis ufro<br />

farTo problemebsac CavuRrmavdeT,<br />

es ki ekonomikuri<br />

da socialuri usafrTxoebis<br />

sakiTxebsac moicavs. aq Cven,<br />

erT mxriv, politikuri da<br />

samoqalaqo uflebebis, xolo<br />

meore mxriv, didi ekonomikuri<br />

katastrofebis Tavidan<br />

acilebas Soris urTierTkav-<br />

Sirs unda SevexoT: TavianTi<br />

politikuri da samoqalaqo<br />

uflebebis gamoyeneba xalxs<br />

saSualebas aZlevs umniSvnelovanes<br />

sakiTxebze gaamaxvilebinos<br />

sazogadoebas yurad-<br />

Reba da Sesabamisi zomebis<br />

miReba moiTxovos. reagireba<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Tu wayrueba xalxis sawuxarze<br />

xSirad swored imazea damokidebuli,<br />

ramdenad qmediT<br />

zewolas ganicdis Tavad xelisufleba,<br />

xolo iseTi politikuri<br />

uflebebis gamoyenebam,<br />

rogoricaa xmis micema,<br />

kritika, protestis gamoxatva<br />

sxvadasxva formiT da sxv.,<br />

marTlac sagrZnobi zemoqmedeba<br />

SeiZleba iqonios xelisuflebis<br />

politikur nebaze.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, erTgan me aRvniSnavdi<br />

kidec im faqts, rom<br />

msoflios istoriaSi farTomasStabian<br />

SimSilobas adgili<br />

ar hqonia romelime damoukidebel<br />

da demokratiul qveyanaSi,<br />

sadac ki presa Tundac<br />

met-naklebi TavisuflebiT<br />

sargeblobda. gamonaklisi ar<br />

arsebobs. gavixsenoT SimSiloba<br />

diqtatoruli reJimebis<br />

dros eTiopiasa da somaliSi,<br />

1958-61 wlebis CineTSi (`didi<br />

naxtomis~ marcxiT gamowveuli),<br />

30-iani wlebis sabWoTa<br />

kavSirSi an sulac kidev ufro<br />

adre _ irlandiasa da<br />

indoeTSi ucxoelTa mmarTvelobis<br />

Jams. imave CineTma,<br />

romelic TiTqos indoeTze<br />

bevrad ukeTes viTarebaSi<br />

imyofeboda, mainc `moaxerxa~<br />

istoriaSi udidesi masobrivi<br />

SimSiloba daetexa Tavs saku-<br />

Tari xalxisaTvis: 1958-61<br />

wlebSi daaxloebiT 30 milioni<br />

adamiani gawyda, maSin rodesac<br />

xelisufleba jiutad<br />

ganagrZobda damRupveli politikis<br />

gatarebas; mas aravin<br />

akritikebda, radgan ar arsebobda<br />

arc opozicia parlamentSi,<br />

arc Tavisufali presa<br />

da arc mravalpartiuli<br />

arCevnebis molodini. swored<br />

es iyo mizezi, rom wlebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi araferi Secvlila,<br />

Tumca ki wlidan wlamde<br />

milionobiT mosaxle iRupe-<br />

boda. zustad igive SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas masobriv SimSilobaze<br />

Crdilo koreasa da sudanSi.<br />

ratomRac SimSiloba xSirad<br />

bunebriv movlenebTanaa gaigivebuli<br />

da mimomxilvelebi<br />

sruliad martiv, ase vTqvaT,<br />

`bunebrivi~ mizezebis aRniSvniT<br />

ifarglebian: wyaldidoba<br />

CineTSi, gvalvebi eTiopiaSi,<br />

mousavlianoba Crdilo koreaSi...<br />

arada, igive problemebi,<br />

da zogjer uaresic, sxva qveynebsac<br />

hqoniaT, magram maT<br />

xelisuflebas mosaxleoba<br />

SimSilis piramde ar miuyvania.<br />

cxadia, aseT dros daRupulTa<br />

umetesi wili uRaribes<br />

fenebze modis, amitom<br />

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs saarsebo minimumis Senar-<br />

Cunebas (vTqvaT, dasaqmebis<br />

programebis meSveobiT), rac<br />

gamokvebis saSualebas mainc<br />

miscems potenciur msxverpls.<br />

uRaribesma demokratiulma<br />

qveynebmac ki, mZime gvalvebis,<br />

wyaldidobebisa Tu sxva ram<br />

stiqiur ubedurebaTa miuxedavad<br />

(rogorc indoeTma<br />

1973-Si, an zimbabvem da botsvanam<br />

1980-Si) moaxerxes xalxis<br />

SimSiliT daxocvamde ar<br />

mieyvanaT saqme.<br />

masobrivi SimiSiloba arc ise<br />

Zneli asacilebeli ramaa, Tuki<br />

mTavroba marTla gamoidebs<br />

Tavs, xolo nebismier<br />

demokratiul xelisuflebas,<br />

romlis yofna-aryofna arCevnebzea<br />

damokidebuli, da<br />

romelic opoziciuri partiebisa<br />

da Tavisufali presis<br />

mxridan kritikis mudmiv wnex-<br />

Sia moqceuli, sxva gza arca<br />

aqvs. amitom sulac ar mikvirs,<br />

Tu britaneTis mmarTvelobis<br />

periodSi indoeTs Sim-<br />

Sili epidemiasaviT atydeboda<br />

Tavs (bolo SimSiloba,<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

49<br />

solidaroba<br />

romelsac Tavad Seveswari,<br />

1943 wels moxda), magram mravalpartiuli<br />

demokratiuli<br />

wyobis SemoRebisa da Tavisufali<br />

presis gaCenisTanave is<br />

mogonebadRa darCa.<br />

kacma rom Tqvas, es demokratiis<br />

miRwevaTa yvelaze naTeli<br />

da Tanac martivi magali-<br />

Tia. politikuri da samoqalaqo<br />

uflebebis gamoyeneba<br />

mSvenieri iaraRia zogadad<br />

ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />

ubedurebebis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />

Tu saqme kargad midis<br />

da yvelaferi saaTiviTaa awyobili,<br />

demokratiis es berketi<br />

SesaZloa arc aravis gaaxsendes.<br />

mxolod maSin, roca ama<br />

Tu im mizeziT raRac moiSleba<br />

sistemaSi, xelisufalTa<br />

demokratiuli mmarTvelobis<br />

mier ganpirobebuli dainteresebac<br />

iCens Tavs da praqtikuli<br />

Sedegebic moaqvs.<br />

mravali teqnokrati-ekonomisti<br />

gvirCevs sabazro sistemis<br />

eknomikuri berketebis<br />

gamoyenebas, da aviwydebaT is<br />

politikuri berketebi, demokratiuli<br />

sistema rom gvTavazobs.<br />

pirvel SemTxvevaSi principulad<br />

daubalansirebel<br />

sistemasTan gvaqvs saqme _<br />

ucabedi ekonomikuri cvlilebebi<br />

an ekonomikis marTva-<br />

Si daSvebuli Secdomebi sruliad<br />

gawonasworebul qveynebSic<br />

savsebiT mosalodnelia.<br />

swored maSin Cndeba<br />

demokratiismieri damcavi meqanizmebis<br />

amoqmedebis saWiroeba.<br />

aRmosavleT da samxreT-aRmosavleT<br />

qveynebSi gaCenili<br />

bolodroindeli problemebi<br />

TvalnaTliv warmoaCens arademokratiuli<br />

mmarTvelobis<br />

Secdomebs. jer erTi, finan-

#1(28)<br />

suri krizisi (samxreT koreaSi,<br />

tailandSi, indoneziaSi)<br />

bevrad ganapiroba biznesis<br />

e.w. gaumWvirvalobam, rac<br />

Tundac finansuri garigebis<br />

mxriv sajaroobis ararsebobaSi<br />

gamoixateboda; meorec,<br />

roca finansurma krizisma<br />

saerTo ekonomikur vardnamde<br />

miiyvana saqme, demokratiis<br />

damcavi meqanizmebi _ ra-<br />

Rac imis msgavsi, rac demokratiul<br />

qveynebSi masobrivi<br />

SimSilobis Tavidan asacilebel<br />

saSualebad movixsenieT<br />

_ saerTod ar amoqmedebula.<br />

saerTo erovnuli Semosavlis<br />

vardna Tundac 10%-iT vinZlo<br />

didad arafrad mogeCvenoT,<br />

Tuki wina aTwleulSi<br />

zrdis procentuli maCvenebeli<br />

5-10 iyo yovelwliurad,<br />

magram aseTma ucabedma cvlilebam<br />

SesaZloa gaaubeduros<br />

da sicocxlec mouswrafos<br />

uamrav adamians, Tuki es<br />

dartyma sxvebzec ar gadanawilda<br />

da mxolod umuSevarT<br />

da SeWirvebulT daatydaT<br />

Tavs. ase rom, sanam yvelaferi<br />

kargad midioda, vTqvaT,<br />

indoneziaSi, demokratiis<br />

berketis saWiroeba iq aravis<br />

gaxsenebia, oRond, roca saqme<br />

krizisamde mivida da Sedegebic<br />

araTanabrad gadanawilda<br />

mosaxleobis mxrebze,<br />

mere ukve gviani iyo _ demokratiis<br />

damcavi funqciis<br />

moSla swored eqstremaluri<br />

saWiroebis dros gamoCndeba<br />

yvelaze mwared.<br />

demokratiis<br />

mravalfunqciuroba<br />

mainc ra aris es demokratia?<br />

misi gaigiveba ubralod umravlesobis<br />

mmarTvelobasTan<br />

Solidarität<br />

politika da ideologia<br />

mTlad swori ar iqneboda.<br />

demokratias a priori ramdenime<br />

moTxovna aqvs _ ra Tqma<br />

unda, upirvelesad, Tavisufali<br />

arCvenebi da maTi Sedegebisadmi<br />

Segueba, magram is<br />

aseve moiTxovs garkveuli<br />

uflebebis dacvas, pativiscemas<br />

saxelmwifo institutebis<br />

mimarT, sityvis Tavisuflebas,<br />

cenzuris moxsnas da<br />

sxv. igive Tavisufali arCevnebi<br />

SesaZloa yovlad uvargisi<br />

aqti aRmoCndes, Tu dapirispirebul<br />

mxareebs saSualeba<br />

ar eqnebaT erTnair pirobebSi<br />

waradginon sakuTari<br />

programa, an Tu amomrCevels<br />

SesaZlebloba ar eqna srulad<br />

miiRos informacia da Tavisuflad<br />

imsjelos dasmul<br />

sakiTxze. demokratia momTxovni<br />

sistemaa da ara damoukidebeli<br />

meqanikuri procesi<br />

(rogorc umravlesobis mmar-<br />

Tveloba TavisTavad).<br />

am mxriv demokratiis Rirsebebi<br />

da universalur faseulobaze<br />

misi pretenzia uSualo<br />

kavSirSia garkveul qmedebebTan.<br />

sazogadod, moqalaqeTa<br />

cxovrebaze demokratiis<br />

dadebiTad zemoqmedebis sami<br />

sxvadasxva aspeqti SegviZlia<br />

gamovyoT: jer erTi, politikuri<br />

Tavisufleba adamianis<br />

Tavisuflebis uSualo Semadgeneli<br />

nawilia da politikuri<br />

Tu samoqalaqo uflebebis<br />

gamoyeneba pirdapir kavSir-<br />

Sia pirovnebis, rogorc socialuri<br />

arsebis, keTildReobasTan.<br />

amgvar Tanamonawileobas<br />

politikur da samoqalaqo<br />

procesebSi TavisTavadi<br />

Rirebuleba aqvs, radgan<br />

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisgan<br />

Camocileba erTi umZimesi akr-<br />

ZalvaTagania individuumisaTvis.<br />

50<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

meorec, demokratias mniSvnelovani<br />

gamoyenebiTi Rirebulebac<br />

aqvs: rogorc ukve<br />

vTqvi, is saSualebas aZlevs<br />

xalxs gamoxatos da gaitanos<br />

kidec sakuTari moTxovnebi<br />

(maT Soris ekonomikuric).<br />

mesame, demokratiiT sargebloba<br />

saSualebas aZlevs moqalaqeebs<br />

erTmaneTis Secdomebze<br />

iswavlon, xolo, saer-<br />

Tod, sazogadoebas _ sakuTari<br />

faseulobani da miznebi<br />

Camoayalibos. imis Tqma msurs,<br />

rom Tavad `ekonomikuri<br />

moTxovnebis~ gaazreba ukve<br />

sajaro ganxilvebs, informaciis,<br />

Sexedulebebisa Tu<br />

analizis gacvla-gamocvlas<br />

moiTxovs. am gagebiT, demokratias<br />

konstruqciuli mniSvnelobac<br />

eniWeba _ im Tavis-<br />

Tavad faseulobasTan damatebiT,<br />

rasac moqalaqeTa keTildReobisaTvis<br />

aqvs mniSvneloba,<br />

da im gamoyenebiT faseulobasTan<br />

erTad, rac politikur<br />

gadawyvetilebaze zemoqmedebs.<br />

demokratiis pretenzia<br />

_ universalur Rirebulebad<br />

mogvevlinos _ swored<br />

am sam maxasiaTebels eyrdnoba.<br />

Camoyalibebas an Tundac jer<br />

mxolod imis gaazrebas, Tu<br />

ra warmoadgens ucilobel<br />

moTxovnas, ekonomikuri moTxovnis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, ukve<br />

SesaZloa politikuri da samoqalaqo<br />

uflebebis moxmobac<br />

dasWirdes. TavisTavad,<br />

msjeloba da kamaTi imis dadgenasac<br />

sWirdeba, Tu ragvaria<br />

es ekonomikuri moTxovnebi,<br />

ra Sinaarsisaa da ramdenad<br />

kategoriulia. politikuri<br />

da samoqalaqo uflebebis<br />

baza, rac sajaro diskusiis,<br />

kamaTis, kritikisa da gansxvavebuli<br />

azris qonis ufle-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

is garantiaa, Tavis mxriv aucilebelia<br />

awonil-dawonili<br />

arCevanis gasakeTeblad. es<br />

procesi gadamwyvetia zogadad<br />

faseulobaTa Tu konkretul<br />

mizanTa Camosayalibeblad,<br />

da, sazogadod, dauSvebelia<br />

raime prioritetebis aRiareba<br />

farTo msjelobis gareSe,<br />

miuxedavad imisa, oficialurad<br />

daSvebulia Tu ara sajaro<br />

diskusiebi da gansja.<br />

simarTle iTqvas, sajaro dialogis<br />

zemoqmedebis faqtors<br />

xSirad arasakmarisi mniSvneloba<br />

eniWeba socialuri da<br />

politikuri problemebis dasmisas.<br />

magaliTad, amas Zalze<br />

didi mniSvneloba aqvs ganvi-<br />

Tarebad qveynebSi Sobadobis<br />

maRali koeficientis Sesamcireblad:<br />

aSkaraa, rom Sobadobis<br />

mkveTri kleba indoeTis<br />

SedarebiT wignier StatebSi<br />

bevrad ganapiroba diskusiebma,<br />

Tu raoden uaryofiTi<br />

efeqti aqvs amas zogadad<br />

sazogadoebisa da ker-<br />

Zod axalgazrda qalebis mdgomareobaze.<br />

Tuki azrma, rom<br />

stabiluri Tanamedrove ojaxi<br />

mcirericxovani unda iyos,<br />

fexi moikida, vTqvaT, keralasa<br />

Tu tamil nandus StatebSi,<br />

es ZiriTadad swored<br />

am sakiTxze gamarTuli mwvave<br />

sajaro kamaTisa da Ria diskusiebis<br />

Sedegia. keralas<br />

StatSi axla Sobadobis koeficienti<br />

1.7-ia (igive, rac<br />

britaneTsa da safrangeTSi,<br />

xolo CineTis _ 1.9-ze naklebia),<br />

da es raime akrZalvebiT<br />

ki ar iqna miRweuli, aramed<br />

umTavresad axal faseulobaTa<br />

danergviT, raSic<br />

politikurma da socialurma<br />

dialogma iTamaSa mTavari<br />

roli; aseve, Tavad wignierebis<br />

SedarebiT maRalma pro-<br />

centma (yovel SemTxvevaSi am<br />

mxriv misi maCvenebeli ufro<br />

maRalia, vidre CineTis nebismieri<br />

provinciisa), gansakuTrebiT<br />

ki _ qalTa Soris, dadebiTad<br />

imoqmeda amgvari<br />

dialogis gamarTvis SesaZleblobaze.<br />

gaWirvebac da uqonlobac sxvadasxva<br />

saxis SeiZleba iyos:<br />

zogi ufro advilad mosavlebia<br />

sazogadoebis mxridan da<br />

zogic _ Znelad. SesaZloa<br />

raRac saerTo moTxovna gamodges<br />

imis gansasazRvravad,<br />

Tu, marTlac, ra `gvesaWiroeba~<br />

Cven. magaliTad, uamravi<br />

ramaa, rac SeiZleba didad<br />

faseulad migvaCndes da amitomac<br />

`saWirod~ CavTvaloT,<br />

Tuki masze xeli migviwvdeba.<br />

iqneb ukvdavebac ki visurvoT,<br />

upaniSadebis gmir maitrias<br />

msgavsad. magram Tavad am ukvdavebas<br />

`saWiroebad~ ver<br />

davsaxavT, im ubralo mizezis<br />

gamo, rom, jerjerobiT mainc,<br />

es sruliad miuRweveli ramaa.<br />

moTxovnilebis Cveneuli gageba<br />

pirdapir ukavSirdeba<br />

Cvens warmodgenebs zogi saxis<br />

gaWirvebis acilebadi<br />

bunebis Taobaze da Cvensave<br />

mosazrebas, Tu ra unda gakeTdes<br />

amisaTvis; xolo swored<br />

imis gasagebad, Tu ra<br />

aris SesaZlebeli (socialur<br />

SesaZleblobebze maqvs laparaki),<br />

sajaro diskusia sazogadoebaSi<br />

lamis gadamwyvet<br />

rols TamaSobs. politikuri<br />

uflebebi, sityvisa da diskusiis<br />

TavisuflebasTan er-<br />

Tad, aramarto Zireulad aucilebelia<br />

ekonomikur moTxovnebze<br />

sazogadoebis reaqciis<br />

gamosawvevad, aramed<br />

TviT am ekonomikuri moTxovnebiskonceptualizaciisTvisaa<br />

saWiro.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

51<br />

solidaroba<br />

faseulobaTa<br />

universaloba<br />

gamodis, rom demokratiis<br />

zemoxsenebul pretenzias<br />

erTdroulad ramdenime sayrdeni<br />

hqonia: pirveli, esaa<br />

moqalaqeTa cxovrebaSi politikuri<br />

Tanasworobisa da<br />

piradi Tavisuflebis Tavis-<br />

Tavadi Rirebuleba; meore _<br />

politikuri neba-survili,<br />

xelisufleba pasuxismgebeli<br />

da angariSvaldebuli iyos _<br />

es ukve gamoyenebiTi Rirebulebaa;<br />

da mesame _ demokratiis<br />

konstruqciuli Rirebuleba<br />

faseulobaTa gadafasebisa<br />

da moTxovnebis, uflebebisa<br />

da valdebulebebis gaazrebis<br />

procesSi. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

Sevecdebi davasabuTo<br />

Cemi Tvalsazrisi demokratiis,<br />

rogorc universaluri<br />

faseulobis, Taobaze.<br />

roca am debulebas ganixilavs<br />

vinme, xSirad xazgasmiT<br />

aRiniSneba xolme, rom demokratias<br />

yvela rodi aniWebs<br />

gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, Tuki arCevani<br />

CvenTvis saWiro Tu sanatrel<br />

movlenaTa Soris unda gakeTdes.<br />

Tanaxma var, _ erTsulovneba<br />

am sakiTxSi ar arsebobs,<br />

da bevrisaTvis swored esaa<br />

imis maniSnebeli, rom demokratias<br />

universalur faseulobaTa<br />

rigSi jerjerobiT<br />

ver CavayenebT.<br />

cxadia, aq meTodologiuri<br />

SekiTxviT unda daviwyoT: ra<br />

aris universaluri faseuloba?<br />

raRac Rirebuleba rom<br />

universalurad miviCnioT,<br />

amisTvis uciloblad yvelas<br />

Tanxmobaa saWiro? es rom<br />

marTla ase iyos, universalur<br />

faseulobaTa CamonaTvali

#1(28)<br />

SesaZloa sulac Seuvsebeli<br />

dagvrCenoda. ar arsebobs<br />

faseuloba (TviT dedobis<br />

cnebac ki), romelic odesRac<br />

vinmes eWvqveS ar daeyenebinos<br />

da, Sesabamisad, sayovel-<br />

Tao Tanxmoba sulac araa<br />

saWiro raimes universalur<br />

faseulobad asaRiareblad.<br />

ufro swori iqneba, Tu vityviT:<br />

universalur faseulobad<br />

rom vaRiaroT rame, msoflios<br />

sxvadasxva kuTxeSi<br />

xalxi masSi raRac Rirebuls<br />

unda poulobdes.<br />

rodesac mahaTma gandi ara-<br />

Zaladobis universalur Rirebulebas<br />

qadagebda, imas ki<br />

ar amtkicebda, TiTqos yvelgan<br />

yvela ukve ase daiwyebda<br />

moqcevas, aramed miuTiTebda,<br />

rom yvelas sakmao mizezi gaaCnda<br />

mis dasafaseblad. aseve,<br />

roca rabindranat Tagori<br />

`azrovnebis Tavisuflebas~<br />

acxadebda universalur Rirebulebad,<br />

sulac ar egona,<br />

TiTqos es yvelasTvis<br />

misaRebi iyo _ ubralod, es<br />

yvelasTvis saWirod miaCnda,<br />

da swored am azris garkvevas,<br />

axsnas da gavrcelebas Sealia<br />

Tavisi dReni. ase da amgvarad,<br />

yovelive, rasac universalobis<br />

pretenzia aqvs, faqtobriv<br />

analizsac moiTxovs _ gansakuTrebiT<br />

im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

marTla Tu miiCneva<br />

Rirebulad is, rasac xalxi<br />

manamde aseTad ar aRiqvamda.<br />

roca demokratiul wyobas<br />

Tundac Teoriulad usadageben<br />

qveyanas, romelsac is jer<br />

ar gaaCnia, da sadac xalxs<br />

saSualeba ar hqonia demokratiis<br />

Sesaferi wesisa da rigis<br />

mixedviT ecxovra, ratom-<br />

Rac winaswar varaudoben,<br />

rom yvela uciloblad kma-<br />

Solidarität<br />

politika da ideologia<br />

yofili darCeba. jer kidev<br />

XIX saukuneSi amdagvari daSveba<br />

gamoricxuli iyo, magram<br />

Cvens droSi amis bunebrivad<br />

miCneva (rasac me zemoT kompiuteruli<br />

default programis<br />

principi vuwode) far-<br />

Tod gavrcelebul praqtikad<br />

iqca. oRondac demokratiis<br />

eqsportma ki ar Seamcira, gazarda<br />

misi momxreebis rigebi<br />

da iqac ki, sadac ukve TiTqosda<br />

damkvidrebuli demokratiuli<br />

sistema gadavarda,<br />

farTo saprotesto gamosvlebis<br />

CaxSoba mxolod sisxliani<br />

represiebis Sedegad<br />

xerxdeba xolme. bevri axlac<br />

mzadaa Tavic ki gaswiros<br />

demokratiuli wyobis dasabruneblad.<br />

oRond maT, vinc<br />

demokratiis universaluri<br />

Rirebulebis Taobaze gamoTqvams<br />

eWvs, argumentad erTsulovnebis<br />

ararseboba ki ar<br />

moaqvT, aramed regionalur<br />

siWrelesa da dapirispirebaze<br />

akeTeben aqcents. zogni<br />

kidev ZiriTad mizezad qveynis<br />

ukidures gaWirvebas asaxeleben,<br />

anu amtkiceben, rom<br />

Rataks puri sWirdeba da ara<br />

demokratia. arada es, TiTqosda<br />

metad efeqturi debuleba,<br />

ormxriv mcdaria: jer<br />

erTi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,<br />

demokratiis damcavi roli<br />

swored RaribTaTvis aris<br />

mniSvnelovani: upirvelesad<br />

SimSilobis, ekonomikuri<br />

krizisis, potenciur msxverplTa<br />

da aseve Tundac ekonomikaSi<br />

CarTuli xalxisaTvis<br />

politikuri xmis mosapoveblad.<br />

demokratia araa is fufuneba,<br />

romelsac SeiZleba<br />

keTildReobis mosvlamde<br />

davacdevinoT.<br />

meorec, arafriT mtkicdeba,<br />

TiTqosda Raribebi, arCevani<br />

rom hqondeT, demokratias<br />

52<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

uaryofdnen. 70-ian wlebSi<br />

indoeTis mTavrobam amave<br />

argumentebze dayrdnobiT<br />

scada, `krizisuli viTarebidan<br />

gamomdinare~, zogi politikuri<br />

da samoqalaqo uflebebis<br />

Sekvecis aucilebloba<br />

daesabuTebina, rasac<br />

vadamdeli arCevnebis gamar-<br />

Tva mohyva. eleqtoratic<br />

swored am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT<br />

gaiyo orad. sabolood<br />

msoflios erT-erTi uRaribesi<br />

indoeli amomrCeveli<br />

uflebebis Tundac droebiTi<br />

Sekvecis winaaRmdeg gamovida.<br />

saerTod, moaruli azria,<br />

TiTqos Rarib-RatakT samoqalaqo<br />

da politikuri uflebebis<br />

sakiTxi naklebad awuxebT;<br />

realuri suraTi ki sul<br />

sxvaa: samxreT korea, tailandi,<br />

bangladeSi, pakistani,<br />

birma, indonezia _ yvelgan<br />

demokratiis gardaqmnebis<br />

Taobaze midis Sexla-Semoxla.<br />

amave dros, Tumca politikuri<br />

Tavisufleba mkveTrad<br />

SezRudulia afrikis kontinentis<br />

nebismier qveyanaSi,<br />

TiTqmis yvelgan saprotesto<br />

gamosvlebi iwyeba, roca ki<br />

viTareba odnav mainc iZleva<br />

amis saSualebas.<br />

,,kulturaTa<br />

gansxvavebulobis~<br />

argumenti<br />

xSirad kidev erT arguments<br />

gaigonebT zemoxsenebul<br />

regionalur siWrelesa Tu<br />

gansxvavebaTa Taobaze _ amjerad<br />

ara ekonomikuri, aramed<br />

ukve kulturis ganxriT;<br />

maTgan yvelaze cnobili albaT<br />

mainc e.w. `aziuri faseulobebia~.<br />

mudam amtkicebdnen,<br />

rom azielebi tradiciulad<br />

ufro met pativs sce-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

men wesrigsa da disciplinas,<br />

vidre politikur uflebebs<br />

_ Sesabamisad, demokratiis<br />

mimarT maT metad skeptikuri<br />

damokidebuleba unda hqondeT.<br />

metismetad saZneloa amgvari<br />

fsevdointeleqtualuri debulebis<br />

sasargeblod raime<br />

xelmosaWidis povna nebismieri<br />

aziuri qveynis istoriaSi,<br />

gnebavT, indoeTi aviRoT,<br />

gnebavT _ mTeli axlo aRmosavleTi,<br />

irani da a.S. piriqiT,<br />

SemiZlia dagisaxeloT<br />

qristeSobamde III saukunis<br />

warwerebi, imperator aSokas<br />

droindeli, sadac mkveTrad<br />

xazgasmulia Semwynareblobis,<br />

pluralizmis saWiroeba<br />

da, aseve, saxelmwifos valdebuleba<br />

_ daicvas Tavisi<br />

qveSevrdomi umciresobani.<br />

azia metismetad farTo regionia,<br />

da axla amas msoflios<br />

mosaxleobis 60% miaTvaleT.<br />

aseTi raodenobis xalxze raime<br />

Tezisis ganvrcoba gansakuTrebiT<br />

saeWvoa. Tumca am<br />

`aziur faseulobaTa~ advokatebi<br />

ZiriTadad Soreuli<br />

aRmosavleTis qveynebs gulisxmoben.<br />

dasavleTsa da azias<br />

Soris dapirispireba maTi<br />

azriT, tailandis aRmosavle-<br />

TiT iwyeba, xolo danarCeni<br />

nawili met-nakelbad mainc<br />

`erTmaneTis msgavsia~. imave<br />

li kuan ius Rrmaazrovani<br />

mtkicebiT, fundamenturi<br />

gansxvavebaa sazogadoebisa<br />

da mmarTvelobis zogadad<br />

dasavlur da konkretulad<br />

aRmosavleTaziur gagebas<br />

Soris, oRond, roca vambobT<br />

_ aRmosavleTi azia _ vgulisxmobT<br />

koreas, iaponias, CineTs,<br />

vietnams da ara _ samxreTaRmosavleT<br />

azias, rac mxolod<br />

sino-induri kulturuli<br />

faseulobebis raRac narevia,<br />

Tumca ki Tavad indoeTi amave<br />

faseulobebs aRiarebso.<br />

magram es samxreT-aRmosavle-<br />

Ti aziac, Tavis mxriv, imdenad<br />

Wrelia, rom gansxvavebebi<br />

TviT qveynebs SigniTac ki<br />

uamravia, araTu qveynebs<br />

Soris. aziuri faseulobebis<br />

xsenebaze yvela konfucis<br />

asaxelebs ZiriTad avtoritetad,<br />

magram, vTqvaT, iaponiaSi,<br />

CineTsa da koreaSi budisturi<br />

tradiciebia ZirZveli<br />

da farTod gavrcelebuli;<br />

aseve, ukve didad fexmokidebulia<br />

qristianuli moZRvrebac.<br />

verafriT vityviT, TiTqos<br />

romelime am kulturaTagani<br />

wesrigis mcnebas Tavisuflebis<br />

moTxovnaze maRla<br />

ayenebdes.<br />

metic, TviT konfuci aravis<br />

moZRvravda saxelmwifos mimarT<br />

brmad morwmune iyavi-<br />

To. rodesac ci-lu daekiTxa,<br />

rogor vemsaxuroT Tavadso,<br />

man upasuxa (darwmunebuli<br />

iyaviT, am naTqvams nebismieri<br />

cenzori siamovnebiT amoSlida):<br />

simarTle miuge, gindac<br />

Seuracxyofili dagrCes. konfucis<br />

arc sifrTxilis<br />

grZnoba aklda da arc taqtis,<br />

magram cudi mmarTvelobis<br />

mxardasaWeri rCeva aravis-<br />

Tvis miucia: `roca qveyana<br />

swor gzas adgas, ilaparake<br />

Tamamad da moiqeci Sesabamisad;<br />

magram roca gezi mruddeba,<br />

mainc iseve moiqeci,<br />

oRond sityva ki Searbile~.<br />

konfuci imazec miuTiTebda,<br />

rom axla ratomRac wminda<br />

aziur faseulobebad Seracxuli<br />

ori niSansveti _ erTguleba<br />

ojaxis mimarT da mor-<br />

Cileba saxelmwifos mimarT _<br />

SesaZloa erTmaneTsac daupirispirdes.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, zo-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

53<br />

solidaroba<br />

gadad `aziur faseulobaTa~<br />

apologetebis umravlesoba<br />

saxelmwifos rols ojaxis<br />

rolis Tavisebur gagrZelebad<br />

miiCnevs; magram gavixsenoT<br />

konfucis dialogi Ses<br />

provinciis gamgebelTan:<br />

`Cems qveSevrdomTa erTguleba<br />

dausazRvravia~, cudmedidurad<br />

ganacxada gamgebelma,<br />

`erTi, romelmac cxvari<br />

moipara, sakuTarma Svilma<br />

amxila~. `CvenTan es sxvagvarad<br />

esmiT~, gaepasuxa konfuci,<br />

`mama Svils afarebs xels,<br />

Svili mamas icavs, magram gana<br />

esec erTgulebis niSani araa?~<br />

saerTod, erTmniSvnelovani<br />

aRqma ybadaRebuli `aziuri<br />

faseulobisa~, romelic<br />

TiTqosda demokratiasa da<br />

politikur uflebebs ewinaaRmdegeba,<br />

veraviTar kritikas<br />

ver uZlebs. iqneba am Tezisis<br />

mecnierulad dasabu-<br />

Tebis moTxovna gulubryvilobac<br />

ki iyos Cveni mxriv: mis<br />

mqadagebelTa Soris arcerTi<br />

analitikosi araa: mxolod<br />

politikuri funqcionerebi,<br />

isic umetesad avtoritaruli<br />

reJimebis oficialuri Tu<br />

araoficialuri damcvelebi<br />

gamodian amgvari lozungebiT.<br />

asea Tu ise, ki Rirs dasafiqreblad,<br />

rom sanam Cven, akademiuri<br />

wreebis warmomadgenlebi,<br />

sruliad ususurni varT<br />

politikaSi, praqtikos politikosebs<br />

igive sWirT analitikuri<br />

azrovnebis ganxriT.<br />

Tanadrouli politikuri bataliebis<br />

fonze, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ki axlo aRmosavleTSi,<br />

pirovnuli Tavisufleba xSirad<br />

warmoisaxeba rogorc Zireulad<br />

Seuwynarebeli da<br />

miuRebeli ram islamis mimdevarTaTvis;<br />

magram tradiciaTa<br />

nairferovneba da saxesxva-

#1(28)<br />

obani islamisTvisac iseve ni-<br />

Sandoblivia, rogorc nebismieri<br />

sxva sarwmunoebisTvis.<br />

indoeTSi, gnebavT, akbari<br />

gavixsenoT, gnebavT _ romelime<br />

sxva imperatori did mogolTa<br />

dinastiidan (im avadsaxsenebeli<br />

aurangzebis gamoklebiT),<br />

yvelani politikuri<br />

Tu religiuri Semwynareblobis<br />

karg magaliTs aCvenebdnen.<br />

TviT Turqi imperatorebic<br />

xSirad ufro dam-<br />

Tmenni iyvnen, vidre zogi maTi<br />

evropeli vis-à-vis. msgavsi magaliTebis<br />

povna qairosa da<br />

baRdadis mmarTvelTa Sorisac<br />

iolad SeiZleba. bolos<br />

da bolos, XI I saukunis saxelganTqmuli<br />

ebraeli mecnieri,<br />

maimonidi, iZulebuli Seiqna<br />

mSobliuri evropidan mis<br />

TanamoZmeTa mimarT bevrad<br />

ufro tolerantul qairos<br />

gadaxvewiliyo da ganswavlul<br />

sulTan saladinisTvis eTxova<br />

TavSesafari.<br />

siWrele umravles kultura-<br />

Ta niSandoblivi maxasiaTebelia<br />

mTel msoflioSi, da am<br />

mxriv arc dasavluri civilizaciaa<br />

gamonaklisi. demokratiuli<br />

mmarTvelobis is praqtika,<br />

rac dResdReobiTaa Tanamedrove<br />

dasavleTSi gabatonebuli,<br />

ZiriTadad ganmanaTleblobis<br />

epoqisa da industriuli<br />

revoluciis<br />

Sedegad miRebul konsensuss<br />

eyrdnoba, da faqtobrivad,<br />

XX saukuneSi iCina Tavi. aq<br />

iseTi suraTis daxatva, TiTqos<br />

mTel dasavleTs aTaswleulis<br />

ganmavlobaSi pirdapir<br />

dabedebuli hqonda demokratia,<br />

xolo mere imave suraTis<br />

aradasavluri (Tanac viTomda<br />

monoliTuri) tradiciebis<br />

mqone qveynebze proecireba<br />

gvariani Secdoma iqneboda.<br />

Tumca sakiTxis gamartivebi-<br />

Solidarität<br />

politika da ideologia<br />

saken swrafva ara mxolod<br />

vinme azieli samTavrobo warmomadgenlis<br />

gamosvlebSia<br />

sagrZnobi, zogi dasavleli<br />

Teoretikosis naSromSic<br />

TvalSisacemia.<br />

nimuSad Tundac iseTi mar-<br />

Tlacda mniSvnelovani avtoris<br />

magaliTs movitan, rogorc<br />

samuel hanTingtonia.<br />

mis `civilizaciaTa SexlaSi~<br />

is yovlad mcdari azria gamoTqmuli,<br />

rom TiTqos `individualobis<br />

gaazreba, saku-<br />

Tari uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis<br />

tradiciuloba~<br />

mxolod dasavleTSi arsebobs<br />

da es `unikaluri movlenaa<br />

civilizebul sazogadoeba-<br />

Si~. misive mtkicebiT, `dasavleTis<br />

ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli,<br />

rac mas sxva civilizaciebisagan<br />

ganasxvavebs, qronologiurad<br />

win uZRoda dasavleTis<br />

modernizaciis process~<br />

da `dasavleTi Tanamedroveobamdec<br />

dasavleTi iyo~.<br />

esaa swored is debuleba, Cemi<br />

azriT, veraviTar `axloiT<br />

ganCxrekas~ rom ver uZlebs.<br />

ase Cans, mavani azieli maRal-<br />

Cinosnis yoveli Rrmaazrovani<br />

gamonaTqvami raRac `aziur<br />

faseulobaTa~ Taobaze iqve<br />

poulobs sapirispiro gamoZaxils<br />

romelime dasavleli inteleqtualis<br />

mxridan, oRond<br />

egaa, ramdenic ar unda Camoawodos<br />

erTma da moigerios<br />

meorem, amgvari burTaoba<br />

veranairad ver Seuwyobs<br />

xels demokratiis universalur<br />

Rirebulebad cnobas.<br />

sakiTxis dasmis wesiT<br />

me Sevecade mimomexila ramdenime<br />

problema, rac dakav-<br />

Sirebulia demokratiis pre-<br />

54<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

tenziasTan universalur Rirebulebad<br />

warmogvidges. es<br />

moicavs demokratiis Tavis-<br />

Tavad faseulobas adamianTa<br />

arsebobisaTvis, mis gamoyenebiT<br />

rols politikuri nebis<br />

warmoqmnisasa da konstruqciul<br />

funqcias imave faseulobaTa<br />

SeqmnaSi. yovelive<br />

amas namdvilad ara aqvs regionaluri<br />

xasiaTi _ sxvaTa Soris,<br />

iseve, rogorc arc mkacri<br />

wesrigisa da disciplinisadmi<br />

midrekilebas: faseulobaTa<br />

nairgvaroba saer-<br />

Tod damaxasiaTebelia umetes<br />

da, SesaZloa, yvela umTavresi<br />

kulturisaTvis. ase rom,<br />

zemoxsenebuli `kulturaTa<br />

gansxvavebulobis~ argumenti<br />

sruliad aradamajerebeli<br />

winaRobaa Cveni dRevandeli<br />

arCevanisaTvis. es arCevani ki<br />

marTlac dResvea gasakeTebeli,<br />

Tuki demokratiis im funqcionalur<br />

rols gaviTvaliswinebT,<br />

razedac damokidebulia<br />

kidec misi Semdgomi gavlena<br />

Tanamedrove samyaroSi.<br />

es sakiTxi umniSvnelovanesia<br />

da, rogorc vTqvi, araviTari<br />

regionaluri maxasiaTeblebi<br />

ar udgas winaRobad. swored<br />

esaa demokratiis, rogorc<br />

universaluri faseulobis,<br />

safuZveli: is arc kultura-<br />

Ta raRac gamogonil tabuirebas<br />

emorCileba da arc civilizaciebis<br />

viTomda istoriul<br />

gansazRvrulobas.<br />

pirvelad daibeWda<br />

JurnalSi `sazogadoeba da<br />

politika~ N3<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

TOLERANCE<br />

nu moklav<br />

amboben, rom aTasma qarTvelma<br />

inteligentma sakanonmdeblo<br />

organosgan saaxalwlo sa-<br />

Cuqari, indauri, miiRo. swored<br />

ise, rogorc arCevnebis<br />

win mRvdelmTavrebma _ jipebi.<br />

sanam elitaruli indauri<br />

`eris saukeTeso nawilis~ qvabebSi<br />

ixarSeboda, pirveli<br />

arxis generalurma prodiuserma,<br />

giorgi Wanturiam,<br />

unikaluri nobaTi mogvarTva:<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

55<br />

solidaroba<br />

jafaras!<br />

lela gafrindaSvili<br />

`saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisadmi<br />

TanagrZnobiTa da siyvaruliT<br />

savse~ frazebi, sadac<br />

igi gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebis<br />

adamianebs `xeibrebad~<br />

moixseniebs, homoseqsualebs<br />

_ `pidarastebad~,<br />

tolerantoba `korkotas~<br />

ZmabiWuri SeZaxilebi hgonia,<br />

xolo pirveli arxis ganaxleba<br />

_ gogo-biWebiT misi dakompleqteba.<br />

Tanac darwmunebulia,<br />

rom sicocxle mxolod

#1(28)<br />

`norCebs~ gulisxmobs, xolo<br />

danarCenebi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

xandazmuli qalebi, unda<br />

`mokla~, raTa axalgazrdebiT<br />

dasaxlebul kunZuls, anu<br />

televizias, suli STabero;<br />

`es televizia cocxalia. Cveni<br />

pirveli amocana iyo beberi<br />

qali mogvekla, romelTanac<br />

asocirdeboda es televizia...~<br />

xelisuflebis favoritTagan,<br />

cxadia, saxelmwifo moxelis<br />

qsenofobia aravis gauprotestebia.<br />

sazogadoebis nawili<br />

ki axmaurda, ayvirda, magram<br />

kuluarulad da ara _<br />

organizebulad!<br />

amas pirveli arxis mesveurTa<br />

Tavis marTleba mohyva: Cven<br />

gamokvleva CavatareT da respondentTa<br />

umravlesobam sazogadoebrivi<br />

mauwyebeli moxuc<br />

qals Seadarao.<br />

sazogadoebam Tqva, televizia<br />

moxuc qals hgavso da ara _<br />

moxuci qali unda moklaTo!<br />

iqneb saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs<br />

`qalis~ tansacmeli anu<br />

aparatura da studiebi ar<br />

moswonT? iqneb, Tanamedrove<br />

Solidarität<br />

TOLERANCE<br />

kulturuli, socialuri da<br />

politikuri cxovrebis asaxvis<br />

simwireze miganiSnaT, ris<br />

gamoc teleeTeri bebiebis mier<br />

mravaljer moyolil, moyir-<br />

Webul zRapars emsgavseba.<br />

am sakiTxebze rom gefiqraT,<br />

maSin mixvdebodiT, rom `axlis~<br />

Sesaqmnelad `Zveli~ ki ar unda<br />

`mokla~, aramed am ori ukiduresobis<br />

Tanaarseboba unda<br />

asaxo. aseT SemTxvevaSi televizia<br />

socializmze damynil<br />

patriarqats ki ar daemsgavseba,<br />

aramed _ realur cxovrebas,<br />

sadac socialurad sustebi<br />

da Zlierebi, religiuri<br />

da eTnikuri jgufebi, kulturuli<br />

da politikuri erTobebi<br />

Tanaarseboben. ai, es aris<br />

saintereso da es zrdis sociumSi<br />

tolerantobis xarisxs,<br />

romelic Turme, misi warmomadgenlis<br />

ganmartebiT, pirveli<br />

arxis prioriteti ar aris.<br />

giorgi Wanturias azrebis wakiTxvis<br />

Semdeg pirveli, vinc<br />

gamaxsenda, swored am saxelmwifo<br />

moxelis bebia iyo, akademikosi<br />

qeTevan lomTaTiZe,<br />

afxazur-adiRuri enebis sferoSi<br />

unikaluri gamokvlevebis<br />

avtori. maSin, roca bevri<br />

qarTveli mkvlevari, politikuri<br />

da sazogado moRvawe afxazebis<br />

damamcirebeli, Seuracxmyofeli<br />

gamokvlevebis<br />

tiraJirebiT iyo garTuli,<br />

qalbatoni qeTevani swored<br />

afxazuri da abazuri enebis<br />

TviTmyofadobasa da Cvens<br />

saerTo kavkasiur naTesaobaze<br />

saubrobda. misi redaqtorobiT<br />

2003 wels gamocemuli<br />

`qarTul-afxazuri leqsikoni~<br />

xom unikaluria Tavisi<br />

mniSvnelobiT. amitom gamor-<br />

Ceulad uyvardaT igi afxa-<br />

56<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

zebs da ase moikiTxavdnen<br />

xolme: `Õàí òàáàêîó?~ anu sad<br />

aris Cveni dedao? Cvens uaxloes<br />

warsulSi es Warmagi<br />

enaTmecnieri rom vinmes gaxseneboda<br />

da mSvidobis mSeneblobis<br />

procesSi CaerTo, an<br />

televiziiT misi wvlilis<br />

amsaxveli siuJetebi moemzadebinaT,<br />

vin icis, iqneb Tavidan<br />

agvecilebina Zveli da<br />

axali omi! qeTevan lomTaTi-<br />

Ze xom 2007 wlis 22 seqtembers,<br />

96 wlisa gardaicvala! magram<br />

aseTi saqmis gakeTebas jer<br />

codna sWirdeba, Semdeg _ socialuri<br />

problemebisadmi<br />

mgrZnobeloba da adamianebisadmi<br />

TanagrZnoba, risi deficitic<br />

qarTul mediasivrceSi<br />

namdvilad didia.<br />

axla ki mTavari! istoriebi,<br />

romlebmac Tavis droze bevri<br />

ram maswavla da rogorc bebiam<br />

_ SviliSvils, ise minda<br />

movuyve pirveli arxis generalur<br />

prodiusers.<br />

VERBA MAGISTRA<br />

Cems quCaze erTi geologi kaci<br />

cxovrobda, romelsac bavSvebis<br />

Wkuis darigeba uyvarda.<br />

dagvinaxavda Tu ara erTad<br />

Sekrebilebs, maSinve raime<br />

grZel, didaqtikur leqcias<br />

Cagvitarebda, bolos xels<br />

zecisken gaiSverda da ityoda:<br />

''VERBA MAGISTRA'' da<br />

iqve ganmartavda _ `maswavleblis<br />

sityva~.<br />

zafxulobiT `magistrasTan~<br />

moskovidan misi ZmisSvili, Temo,<br />

Camodioda: gabRenZili,<br />

xmeli da maRali biWi. Soridan,<br />

saxeze damcinavi RimiliT,<br />

gvaTvalierebda `kla-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

sobanas~ TamaSiT garTul<br />

gogonebs. mere Tavis Robeze<br />

Semojdeboda da gamayruebel<br />

stvenas iwyebda.<br />

mas albaT arasodes gavicnobdi,<br />

rom ara erTi SemTxveva:<br />

Cveni quCis oRro-CoRro qvafenilze<br />

erTxelac moxuci<br />

qali ise daeca, rom ramdenime<br />

wuTi ugonod egdo. qudmoglejili<br />

gavvardi dasaxmareblad:<br />

wamovayene. mosulierda<br />

Tu ara, madlierebiT Semomxeda,<br />

Tavi damikra da gza<br />

gaagrZela.<br />

roca gamoverkvie, Tavis Robeze<br />

Semomjdari Temo davinaxe,<br />

ucnaurad iRrijeboda da<br />

fexebs iqnevda. arc ganZreula.<br />

vifiqre _ mival, xels<br />

vkrav da gadavayiraveb-meTqi,<br />

magram vin macala? Soridanve<br />

SemomZaxa:<br />

– À òû Êðèñòè ÷èòàëà?<br />

uaris niSnad Tavi gaviqnie, razec<br />

erTi kargad gadaixarxara<br />

da miTxra:<br />

– Êàê ÿ íå äîãàäàëñÿ, òû âåäü<br />

ïî-ðóññêèé ÷èòàòü íå óìååøü?<br />

sibrazisagan ena dameba, magram<br />

mainc sxapasxupiT CamovuTvale<br />

moTxrobebi, romlebic<br />

swored rusulad wavikiTxe.<br />

– Î, ýòè-æå íàøè! ß ïðî<br />

çàãðàíè÷íûõ ñïðàøèâàë. ß áû<br />

îäîëæèë, íî ñ ñîáîé íå âçÿë,<br />

÷åðåç ãîä ïðèíåñó.<br />

madloba gadavuxade da misi<br />

qarTulis codniT davinteresdi.<br />

miTxra, sami welia vswavlob<br />

da ukve moTxrobebsac<br />

vwer qarTulado, Tu ginda _<br />

wagakiTxebo. sixaruliT dav-<br />

Tanmxdi.<br />

meore dResve 48-furcliani<br />

rveuli momitana, romelzedac<br />

wiTelpomadiani qali exata<br />

da didi asoebiT ewera: `nu<br />

moklav mgalobel Cits!~ gamalebiT<br />

daviwye kiTxva. moTxroba<br />

sul 40-45 gverdi iyo,<br />

Tan didi, uswormasworo asoebiT<br />

naweri. fanqris rux uferulobas<br />

wiTeli pastiT Ses-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

57<br />

solidaroba<br />

rulebuli adgilebi arRvevda.<br />

Tanac es wiTeli Canar-<br />

Tebi imdenad gulmodgined,<br />

lamazad iyo dawerili, rom,<br />

roca kiTxvas movrCi, Cems<br />

wignakSi didi rudunebiT gadavwere<br />

da xSirad viyenebdi<br />

Tanatolebis dasamoZRvrad.<br />

ai, isinic:<br />

`adamians SeuZlebelia gaugo,<br />

Tu cota xniT mis Tvalsazrisze<br />

ar gadaxvedi. mis kanSi<br />

unda SeZvre da gaiar-gamoiaro.<br />

Tu es fokusi aiTvise,<br />

maSin Zalian gagiadvildeba<br />

Sengan gansxvavebul adamianebTan<br />

urTierToba...~<br />

`ici ra aris kompromisi? es<br />

aris, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs<br />

uTmoben da am gziT Se-<br />

Tanxmdebian~.<br />

`arasodes moixsenio Savkanianebi<br />

`zangebad~!<br />

`TeTrkanianma qalma Savkanian<br />

mamakacs akoca, acduna igi da

#1(28)<br />

amiT moraluri kanoni daar-<br />

Rvia. misma survilma kanonze<br />

gaimarjva, axla ki _ misi sircxvilis<br />

mowme, tom teilori,<br />

unda moiSoros. mas sazogadoebac<br />

eTanxmeba, radgan Cveni<br />

azriT xom yvela Savkaniani<br />

matyuara da uzneoa. magram<br />

Cven aseve yvelas mogvexseneba,<br />

rom mxolod zogierTi<br />

Savkaniania matyuara da uzneo.<br />

magram es msjeloba xom<br />

ara mxolod erT rasaze, aramed<br />

yvela adamianze Tanabrad<br />

vrceldeba?! aba romel Cvengans<br />

ar ucruia da ar moqceula<br />

uRirsad?!~<br />

`adamianma, romelsac bavSvebi<br />

`saSinelebas~ veZaxdiT, me da<br />

jims sicocxle gvaCuqa... yvela<br />

adamiani kargia, Tu is bolos<br />

da bolos gaicani...~<br />

iseTi aRfrTovanebuli viyavi,<br />

rom Temos davumegobrdi.<br />

Tvali sul misi ezosken<br />

meWira. me `Ramura~ var da<br />

radgan maTi sxveni mTeli<br />

Rame ganaTebuli iyo, vifiqre<br />

_ namdvilad axal moTxrobebs<br />

wers-meTqi, magram gamawbila:<br />

Solidarität<br />

TOLERANCE<br />

iq ubralod Suqs ar vaqrob-<br />

To. erT TveSi Temos ezo<br />

xalxiT gaivso. mezoblebma<br />

Tqves _ `magistras~ deda, keke,<br />

gardaicvalao. saxtad davrCi!<br />

maTTan mesame adamiani<br />

arasdros daminaxavs.<br />

dakrZalvaze uamravi xandazmuli<br />

qali movida. keke rusulis<br />

maswavlebeli yofila,<br />

respublikis damsaxurebuli<br />

pedagogi.<br />

sapanaSvido miTqma-moTqmaSi<br />

isic gavarkvie, rom ganaTebuli<br />

sxvenis binadari swored<br />

is iyo: sicocxlis bolo wu-<br />

Tamde Sromisunariani, bevrs<br />

kiTxulobda da SviliSvilis-<br />

Tvis moTxrobebs qarTulad<br />

Targmnidao. roca ukanasknel<br />

gzaze acilebdnen, Tvali<br />

cxedrisken gameqca da Cemi<br />

gadarCenili moxuci Sevicani.<br />

ra didi Wkua undoda imis mixvedras,<br />

rom mezobeli biWis<br />

mier Tavisad gasaRebuli<br />

moTxroba `sxvenis Citma~ dawera.<br />

xolo, roca 1986 wels,<br />

harper lis `nu moklav jafa-<br />

58<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

ras~ qarTulad wavikiTxe,<br />

mivxvdi saqmis namdvil arss:<br />

keke bebiam es novela rusulidan,<br />

improvizebulad Targmna.<br />

kidev erTxel gavbrazdi moxuci<br />

qalis gamo, romlis gonierebasa<br />

da niWs namdvilad<br />

unda vumadlode am ukvdavi<br />

Txzulebis ideebTan ziarebas:<br />

rogor ar unda daCagro<br />

Senze susti da Sengan gansxvavebuli<br />

adamiani, iseve, rogorc<br />

ar unda mokla jafara,<br />

_ Citi, romelic ar erCis<br />

naTesebs, ar emtereba glexis<br />

nugeSad gamovsebul beRels,<br />

_ mxolod galobiT gvatkbobs<br />

da Tvisuflad dafrinavs!<br />

saswrafod Cemi wignaki mov-<br />

Zebne: ukve meramdened vkiTxulobdi<br />

harper lis azrebs<br />

da guls amoucnobi sevda mim-<br />

Zimebda _ albaT, keke bebias<br />

gamo. rogor cdilobda SviliSvilisaTvis<br />

TanagrZnoba<br />

eswavlebina! Secda! siyvaruli<br />

ar iswavleba, es niWi an<br />

geZleva, an _ ara. mis cdas<br />

rom nayofi gamoeRo, maSin<br />

Temo moamage bebias sxvenis<br />

martoobisTvis ar gaimetebda,<br />

qvafenilze dacemuls wamoayenebda<br />

da, rogorc avtors<br />

da maswavlebels, arasdros<br />

`moklavda~. aba, warmoidgineT,<br />

ras uzams Citebs aseTi adamiani!<br />

HELICHRYSUM<br />

anu ukvdava<br />

Cemi STagonebis wyaro buneba<br />

arasodes yofila. misi sidiade<br />

da sworupovroba cota<br />

maSinebda, ufro sevdas mgvrida,<br />

vidre _ sixaruls. ai,<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

cxovelebi da adamianebi! maT<br />

zneze dakvirveba, maTi bunebis<br />

amocnoba yovelTvis mainteresebda.<br />

amitomac rogorc<br />

giJs, ise vuyurebdi Cems naTesavs,<br />

meqis, romelic dedam<br />

miatova da mama da dedinacvali<br />

zrdidnen. sazafxulo<br />

ardadegebze igi dedaCemis<br />

mSobliur saxlSi Tavmoyril<br />

bavSvebs erTi-ori kviriT<br />

aucileblad gvestumreboda<br />

xolme. dilauTenia garboda<br />

tyeSi. uamravi yvavili, fo-<br />

Toli, fesvebi mohqonda, derefnis<br />

mzian mxares alagebda<br />

da yvelas gvafrTxilebda:<br />

`xeli ar axloT, ar SeawuxoT,<br />

Torem herbariumi gamifuWdeba!~<br />

Sepyrobili iyo mcenareebiT.<br />

leqsebsac mxolod<br />

maT uZRvnida. erTi maTgani<br />

maxsovs _ ''Fragaria ananassa''<br />

erqva.<br />

SuadRisas msxlis ZirSi bav-<br />

Svebs Tavs mogviyrida da,<br />

magaliTad, gvkiTxavda: iciT<br />

ras niSnavs ''Helichrysum''?<br />

uaris niSnad Tavebs gavaqnevdiT<br />

Tu ara, iwyeboda gulan-<br />

Tebuli saubari am mcenaris<br />

butkoze, gvirgvinis furclebze,<br />

mtverze, foTlebze,<br />

fesvebze da sicocxlis xangrZlivobaze.<br />

avad iyo amiT,<br />

amitom Txroba da msmenelebi<br />

wamaliviT sWirdeboda. erTxel<br />

dedamiwis Sesaxeb bWoba<br />

bebiaCemis azrma gaawyvetina:<br />

_ meti Sen ra giTxari! dedamiwa<br />

rom brunavdes, erTxel<br />

mainc rogor ar movxvdebodi<br />

moskovSi?<br />

_ ha, ha, ha! dedamiwa Sens gar-<br />

Semo ki ara, Tavisi RerZis<br />

garSemo moZraobs! _ upasuxa<br />

meqim saxtad darCenil gogucas.<br />

zafxuli zafxuls mosdevda<br />

da herbariumi herbariums<br />

emateboda. magram moxda ubedureba:<br />

erTxelac es sasoebiT<br />

dagrovili `simdidre~<br />

dedinacvalma dauwva, xolo<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

59<br />

solidaroba<br />

leqsebi sul nakuwebad uqcia<br />

_ ra biWis saqmea es sisuleleebio.<br />

meqi TviTgvemas mieca:<br />

aRarc skolaSi dadioda<br />

da saxlidanac fexs aRar<br />

dgamda gareT. nel-nela moego<br />

gons. amasobaSi me skola<br />

davamTavre da studenti<br />

gavxdi. moulodnelad<br />

damireka da mestumra:<br />

_ saxlidan wamovedi, veRar<br />

gavuZeli im kudians, _ miTxra,<br />

_ axla coli unda Seir-<br />

Too. Tan Tavis biZaSvils<br />

mirigebs: aba, es Cemi simwriT<br />

nagrovebi qoneba viRac gombios<br />

xom ar unda darCes, ar<br />

jobia Cemianma gaixaroso?<br />

iseTi Tavzardacemuli da<br />

Seuracxyofili iyo, rom Zlivs<br />

davamSvide. SuaRamisas wavida.<br />

karebSi idga, roca Tqva:<br />

_ geficebi, mainc ar mZuls,<br />

ufro mecodeba!<br />

im wuTSi misi gulmowyaleba<br />

ar davijere. megona ityoda _<br />

mZuls qalebio (dedisa da dedinacvlis<br />

gamo!), magram axla<br />

vxvdebi, rom marTali iyo, radgan<br />

am biWs mxolod siyvaruli<br />

SeeZlo da amisTvis isjeboda.<br />

_ aRar mixseno eg arakaci! sul<br />

dalewa yvelaferi, `madonac~<br />

ki! _ miyviroda meore dRes<br />

yurmilSi misi dedinacvali.<br />

saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli<br />

arxis generaluri prodiuserisTvis<br />

meqi pidarastia,<br />

dedinacvlisTvis _ arakaci,<br />

xolo CemTvis _ mcenareTa<br />

sulTampyrobeli berbiWa,<br />

Helichrysum anu igive<br />

ukvdava.

#1(28) TOLERANCE<br />

epilogi<br />

sanam Cven saxelmwifo moxeleTa<br />

qsenofobias vebrZviT,<br />

`nu moklav jafaras~ avtori,<br />

harper li, 82 wlis gaxda da<br />

mxolod etliT gadaadgildeba;<br />

gia Wanturias sityvebiT,<br />

`beberi xeibari qalia~,<br />

magram igi aravis daviwyebia:<br />

arc saxelmwifos da arc _ sazogadoebas.<br />

2007 wels `aSS-s<br />

prezidentis medali mSvidobisaTvis~<br />

miiRo, xolo 2008-Si<br />

alabamis Statis iuristTa<br />

asociaciis sapatio wevrad<br />

airCies. telegadacemebic<br />

miuZRvnes, sadac samarTalmcodne<br />

qali uzado gulmodginebiT<br />

ixsenebda im jildoebs,<br />

romlebic 1960 wlidan,<br />

anu wignis gamosvlidan,<br />

dRemde `saukunis saukeTeso<br />

novelad~ aRiarebulma misma<br />

moTxrobam da mis safuZvelze<br />

gadaRebulma filmma (re-<br />

Jisori robert maligani) miiRes.<br />

uamrav gamoxmaurebas<br />

Solidarität<br />

Soris harpers yvelaze<br />

mniSvnelovnad erTi afroamerikeli<br />

qalis azri miaCnia:<br />

`roca Tqveni wigni wavikiTxe,<br />

14 wlis viyavi. man Secvala<br />

Cemi cxovreba!~<br />

diax, aseT wignebsa da harper<br />

lis msgavs adamianebs SeuZliaT<br />

gavlena moaxdinon sxvebis<br />

Sexedulebebze, cxovrebaze,<br />

gaxadon isini ufro<br />

humanurebi da tolerantulebi.<br />

xolo roca `korkota~<br />

ambobs _ Cemi mezobeli vania<br />

petrovi ra jigari biWi iyoo<br />

_ es `Zmoba da gagebaa~ da ara<br />

_ tolerantoba!<br />

60<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

media<br />

presis<br />

fridon sayvareliZe<br />

organizaciis<br />

`Jurnalistebi<br />

sazRvrebs gareSe~<br />

daskvna<br />

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciam `Jurnalistebi<br />

sazRvrebs gareSe~ gamoaqveyna<br />

2008 wels msoflioSi presis<br />

Tavisuflebis morigi<br />

reitingi, anu presis Tavisuflebis<br />

msoflio indeqsi<br />

(Worldwide Press Freedom Index<br />

2008). am organizaciis mier<br />

gamoqveynebul rigiT me-7 reitingSi<br />

asaxulia informacia<br />

173 saxelmwifos Sesaxeb 2007<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

61<br />

solidaroba<br />

Tavisufleba msoflioSi<br />

2008 wels<br />

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi avtoritetuli saerTaSoriso<br />

organizaciebi regularulad atareben gamokvlevebs,<br />

romlebic obieqtur suraTs gvixataven msoflios<br />

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi demokratiiis, adamianis<br />

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis, ekonomikis, presis<br />

Tavisuflebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. am werilSi swored<br />

presis Tavisuflebis mxriv msoflioSi arsebul<br />

mdgomareobaze visaubrebT. ZiriTadad daveyrdnobiT<br />

gavleniani saerTaSoriso organizaciis `Jurnalistebi<br />

sazRvrebs gareSe~ (,,Reporters Without Borders”) gamokvlevebs,<br />

agreTve `Tavisuflebis saxlis~ (,,Freedom House”) monacemebs 1 .<br />

wlis 1 seqtembridan 2008<br />

wlis 1 seqtembramde. siaSi<br />

adgilis misaniWeblad Semu-<br />

Savebulia kiTxvari, romelic<br />

49 punqtisgan Sedgeba. mxedvelobaSi<br />

miiReba Jurnalistebis<br />

mimarT Zalis gamoyenebis<br />

yvela SemTxveva (mkvleloba,<br />

dakaveba, dapatimreba,<br />

saqmianobaSi xelis SeSla),<br />

cenzurisa da TviTcenzuris<br />

xarisxi, mediis finansuri<br />

damoukideblobis xarisxi<br />

da a.S.<br />

Catarebuli kvlevis monacem-<br />

Ta mixedviT, yvelaze

#1(28)<br />

Tavisufali media aris islandiaSi,<br />

xolo yvelaze ara-<br />

Tavisufali TurqmeneTSi<br />

(171-e adgili), Crdilo koreasa<br />

(172-e adgili) da eriTreaSi<br />

(173-e adgili). moxsenebis<br />

ZiriTadi daskvna isaa, rom,<br />

rogorc irkveva, sityvis Tavisufleba<br />

im qveynebSi ki ar<br />

yvavis, sadac ekonomikuri ke-<br />

TildReobaa, aramed iq, sadac<br />

mSvidoba sufevs. moxsenebis<br />

avtorebis monacemebiT,<br />

im demokratiuli qveynebis<br />

indeqsi, romlebic CarTulni<br />

arian konfliqtebSi ucxo<br />

qveynebis teritoriebze, magaliTad,<br />

aSS-sa (romelic 36-e<br />

adgils iyofs espaneTTan da<br />

ramdenime sxva qveyanasTan er-<br />

Tad) da israelisa (46-e adgili),<br />

yovelwliurad iklebs.<br />

maT aviwroeben sxva, magali-<br />

Tad, afrikisa da karibis<br />

auzis qveynebi, sadac presis<br />

Tavisufleba yovelwliurad<br />

met garantiebs iZens. meore<br />

daskvnis mixedviT, saerTaSoriso<br />

Tanamegobrobis kritikul<br />

damokidebulebas avtoritaruli<br />

reJimebis mimarT,<br />

rogoricaa kuba (169-e adgili)<br />

an CineTi (167-e adgili),<br />

efeqturi Sedegebi ar moaqvs.<br />

`msoflio 11 seqtembris Semdeg<br />

mniSvnelovnad Seicvala.<br />

did demokratiul qveynebSi<br />

destabilizacia sufevs. es<br />

qveynebi cdiloben Tavi daicvan<br />

da TandaTan amcireben<br />

sxvadasxva TavisuflebaTa<br />

sivrces. ekonomikurad mZlavri<br />

diqtaturebi Tavxedurad<br />

saubroben sakuTari avtoritarizmis<br />

Sesaxeb, sargebloben<br />

ra uTanxmoebebiT, romlebic<br />

msoflio Tanamegobroba-<br />

Si arsebobs, da im ngreviT,<br />

romlebic moaqvs oms<br />

Solidarität<br />

media<br />

terorizmTan brZolis lozungebiT.<br />

religiuri da politikuri<br />

tabu yovelwliurad<br />

sul ufro wina planze<br />

gamodis im qveynebSi, romlebic<br />

adre Tavisuflebis gziT<br />

midiodnen~, _ weren moxsenebis<br />

avtorebi. am konteqstSi<br />

isini fiqroben, rom presis<br />

Tavisuflebis sruli ararseboba<br />

msofliosgan daxurul<br />

qveynebSi, sadac qveyanas sityvis<br />

Tavisuflebis mtrebi<br />

marTaven, sruli dausjelobis<br />

viTarebaSi xdeba, radgan<br />

saerTaSoriso organizaciebi,<br />

rogoricaa, magaliTad, gaero,<br />

kargaven Zalauflebas<br />

da ver axdenen gavlenas saku-<br />

Tar wevrebze. msoflioSi<br />

arsebuli es viTareba ufro<br />

met SesaZleblobebs uqmnis<br />

ekonomikurad sust, patara<br />

qveynebs, sadac, miuxedavad<br />

yvelafrisa, xelisufleba<br />

Tavis moqalaqeebs aZlevs<br />

sakuTari gansxvavebuli azris<br />

qonis da misi sajarod<br />

gamoxatvis garantias 2 .<br />

presis Tavisuflebis indeqsis<br />

mixedviT pirvel sam adgils<br />

erTnairi qulebiT iyofen islandia,<br />

luqsemburgi, norvegia;<br />

Semdeg modian: 4-6 _ estoneTi,<br />

fineTi, irlandia, 7-12<br />

_ belgia, latvia, axali zelandia,<br />

slovakeTi, SvedeTi,<br />

Sveicaria. pirvel oceulSi<br />

18 adgili evropul qveynebs<br />

ukaviaT (maT ematebaT axali<br />

zelandia da kanada). siaSi<br />

wamyvan adgilebze arian agreTve<br />

centraluri amerikisa<br />

da karibis regionis qveynebi.<br />

aRsaniSnavia rom karibis auzis<br />

qveynebi, mag., iamaika (21-e<br />

adgili), kosta rika (22-e adgili),<br />

surinami (26-e adgili),<br />

uswreben safrangeTs, espaneT-<br />

62<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

sa da italias. bolo 2 welia<br />

safrangeTi rekordebs amyarebs<br />

JurnalistTa saqmianobaSi<br />

policiisa da sasamarTlos<br />

Carevis SemTxvevaTa raodenobiT,<br />

2008 wels aq xSiri<br />

iyo presis muSakebis Cxrekis,<br />

dakavebisa da dakiTxvaze gamoZaxebis<br />

SemTxvevebi, agreTve<br />

informaciis wyaros gamJ-<br />

Ravnebis moTxovna. amitom<br />

frangebi mxolod 35-e adgilze<br />

arian. espaneTi eta-s3<br />

`wyalobiT~ 36-e adgils ver<br />

ascda, xolo mafiozuri klanebis<br />

mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

Zaladobisa da cudi sazogadoebrivi<br />

klimatis gamo italia<br />

44-e adgilzea.<br />

evrokavSiris 27 wevri saxelmwifo<br />

da bulgareTi pirvel<br />

60 qveyanas Soris arian. moxsenebis<br />

avtorebi bulgareTs<br />

(59-e adgili) evropis kontinentis<br />

`cud mowafes~ uwodeben<br />

saxelmwifo struqturebis<br />

korumpirebulobis gamo. am<br />

qveynis magaliTi amtkicebs,<br />

rom arCevnebi, pluralizmi<br />

da ramdenime sakonstitucio<br />

garantia ar aris sakmarisi<br />

piroba sityvis Tavisuflebis<br />

uzrunvelsayofad. imisaTvis,<br />

rom es Tavisufleba realurad<br />

arsebobdes, qveyanaSi<br />

unda Seiqmnas klimati, romelic<br />

keTilismyofel gavlenas<br />

moaxdens informaciis<br />

gavrcelebisa da gamoxatvis<br />

Tavisuflebaze.<br />

afrikuli qveynebidan kargi<br />

maCveneblebi aqvT namibias<br />

(24-e adgili) da ganas (31-e<br />

adgili). siis saTaveSi myof<br />

qveynebs, ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi<br />

arsebuli didi sxvaobebis<br />

miuxedavad (mag., islandiisa<br />

da iamaikis mTliani<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Sida produqtis Sefardeba<br />

aris 1:10), aerTianebT is, rom<br />

am saxelmwifoebSi moqmedebs<br />

saparlamento demokratia da<br />

isini ar iReben monawileobas<br />

saomar moqmedebebSi.<br />

sxva mizezebTan erTad 2007<br />

wlis noembris movlenebma,<br />

gansakuTrebiT telekompania<br />

`imedis~ darbevam da sagangebo<br />

mdgomareobis gamocxadebam<br />

da, ra Tqma unda, agvistos<br />

samxedro konfliqtma<br />

saqarTvelo wina wels dakavebuli<br />

66-e adgilidan 120-e<br />

adgilze gadaisrola, xolo<br />

samxedro moqmedebebma niger-<br />

Si es qveyana 2007 wels dakavebuli<br />

95-e adgilidan 130-e<br />

adgilze CamoaqveiTa.<br />

im qveynebSi, romlebic sxvadasxva<br />

intensivobis konfliqtebSi<br />

arian CaTreulni, Jurnalistebi<br />

represiebis<br />

msxverplni xdebian an sasikvdilo<br />

safrTxe emuqrebaT da<br />

iRupebian samxedro moqmedebebis<br />

Sedegad. nigeris dedaqalaq<br />

niameiSi saerTaSoriso<br />

franguli radiosa da organizaciis<br />

`Jurnalistebi saz-<br />

Rvrebs gareSe~ korespondentis,<br />

musi kakas, amaswinandeli<br />

gaTavisufleba cixeSi gatarebuli<br />

384 dRis Semdeg, aseve<br />

sami al-xajis gaTavisufleba,<br />

romelmac amerikuli<br />

samxedro bazis guantanamos<br />

banakSi 6 weli gaatara patimrobaSi,<br />

Segvaxsenebs, rom saomari<br />

moqmedebebi Jurnalistebs<br />

Tavisuflebasac arTmevs.<br />

2008 wels msoflioSi moklulia<br />

60 Jurnalisti _ naTqvamia<br />

organizaciis `Jurnalistebi<br />

sazRvrebs gareSe~ moxsenebaSi.<br />

2007 wels daRupul<br />

JurnalistTa raodenoba 87-s<br />

aRwevda, Tumca es ar iZleva<br />

optimizmis safuZvels, radgan<br />

bevr qveyanaSi presis Tavisufleba<br />

kidev ufro SeizRuda.<br />

JurnalistebisTvis yvelaze<br />

saxifaTo qveynebad miCneulia<br />

erayi, pakistani da filipinebi.<br />

2008 wels eraySi 15 Jurnalisti<br />

mokles, pakistanSi _<br />

7, filipinebSi _ 6.<br />

aq mokled unda SevCerdeT<br />

zemoT xsenebul musa kakas<br />

saqmeze, radganac vfiqrobT,<br />

rom igi qarTvel mkiTxvels<br />

advilad gaaxsenebs msgavs vi-<br />

Tarebas saqarTvelos uaxlesi<br />

istoriidan. es ki Sedarebisa<br />

da gansjis saSualebasac<br />

mogvcems.<br />

2007 wlis TebervalSi tuaregebis<br />

TaosnobiT Seqmnil-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

63<br />

solidaroba<br />

ma SeiaraRebulma opoziciurma<br />

moZraobam _ `nigerielebis<br />

moZraoba samarTlianobisaTvis~,<br />

ajanyeba daiwyo im<br />

mizniT, rom ukeT yofiliyo<br />

daculi samSvidobo xelSekruleba,<br />

riTac dasrulda tuaregebis<br />

wina ajanyeba 1995<br />

wels. kerZod, moTxovnebi<br />

xelSekrulebis socialuri<br />

da ekonomikuri debulebebis<br />

realizacias exeboda. moZraobis<br />

warmomadgenlebma mokles<br />

40 samxedro mosamsaxure,<br />

bevri maTgani moitaces. agvistoSi<br />

prezidentma mamadu<br />

tanjam 3 Tvis vadiT SemoiRo<br />

sagangebo mdgomareoba, ramac<br />

Zalovan struqturebs eWvmitanilTa<br />

dakavebisa da patimrobaSi<br />

maTi didi xniT datovebis<br />

damatebiTi saSualeba<br />

misca, kanoniT gansazRvruli<br />

48 saaTis nacvlad. noemberSi<br />

sagangebo mdgomareoba kidev<br />

3 TviT gaxangrZlivda. prezi-<br />

erayeli da amerikeli jariskacebi daRupuli Jurnalistebis fotoebiani<br />

baneris fonze, romelzec aris warwera: Sewydes JurnalistTa mkvleloba<br />

(2003 wlis martidan dRemde eraySi, sul cota, 129 Jurnalistia mokluli)

#1(28)<br />

dentma tanjam uaryo sazogadoebis<br />

yvela moTxovna ajanyebulebTan<br />

dialogis dawyebis<br />

aucileblobis Sesaxeb da<br />

maT `banditebi da narkomovaWreebi~<br />

uwoda.<br />

xelisuflebam aukrZala presas<br />

ajanyebis movlenebis ga-<br />

Suqeba. erTi TviT SeCerda<br />

radiosadgur `Radio France<br />

International~-is muSaoba, xolo<br />

sami TviT _ gazeT `Air-info~-si.<br />

ori Jurnalisti daakaves, maT<br />

Soris iyo musa kaka, kerZo<br />

radiosadgur `Saraouniya~-s direqtori<br />

da radio `France<br />

International~ is korespondenti.<br />

mas wauyenes braldeba _ `Tanamonawileoba<br />

saxelmwifo<br />

gadatrialebis mcdelobaSi~,<br />

rac samudamo patimrobas iTvaliswinebda.<br />

braldeba eyrdnoboda<br />

musa kakas satelefono<br />

saubrebs ajanyebulebTan.<br />

xangrZlivi sasamarTlo pro-<br />

Solidarität<br />

media<br />

cesis msvlelobisas mosamar-<br />

Tle im daskvnamde mivida, rom<br />

samxilebi, razedac agebuli<br />

iyo braldeba da romlebic<br />

warmodgenili iyo satelefono<br />

saubrebis CanawerTa saxiT,<br />

ukanono gziT iyo mopovebuli<br />

(sic! vfiqrobT, kargi masalaa<br />

SedarebisaTvis). prokurori<br />

amas, ra Tqma unda, aprotestebda,<br />

magram sabolood<br />

kaka gaaTavisufles.<br />

saomar mdgomareobaSi myofi<br />

qveynebi, rogoricaa erayi<br />

(158-e adgili), pakistani<br />

(152-e adgili), avRaneTi<br />

(156-e adgili), ver wyveten<br />

maT winaSe mdgom politikur<br />

problemebs. aq presas seriozuli<br />

siZneleebi xvdeba.<br />

mkvlelobebi, gatacebebi,<br />

ukanono dapatimrebebi, sikvdilis<br />

muqara _ ai am qveynebis<br />

Jurnalisturi yoveldRiuroba.<br />

aq Jurnalistebi<br />

64<br />

musa kaka<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

aramarto dapirispirebuli<br />

mxareebis samizne xdebian, aramed<br />

maT xSirad sdeben brals<br />

romelime partizanuli moZraobisadmi<br />

kuTvnilebaSi.<br />

CineTSi 2008 wels 38 Jurnalisti<br />

daapatimres. moxsenebis<br />

avtorebi amas pekinis olimpiadas<br />

ukavSireben. pekinsa<br />

da SanxaiSi Jurnalisturi<br />

saqmianoba kvlavac saxifaToa.<br />

aseve saxifaToa es iseT qveynebSi<br />

rogoricaa irani (166-e<br />

adgili), uzbekeTi (162-e adgili),<br />

birma (170-e adgili).<br />

qveynis meTaurTa mravalricxovani<br />

fotoebi quCebSi Tu<br />

gazeTebis pirvel gverdebze<br />

tunisSi, belorusiaSi, siriasa<br />

Tu ekvatorul gvineaSi<br />

gamousworebel skeptikosebsac<br />

ki advilad daarwmunebs<br />

imaSi, rom sityvis Tavisufleba<br />

am qveynebSi ar arsebobs.<br />

bolo adgilebze myof qveynebSi<br />

(TurqmeneTi, Crdilo<br />

korea, eriTrea) met-naklebad<br />

SeniRbuli diqtatoruli re-<br />

Jimebi moqmedebs. maTi mosaxleoba<br />

praqtikulad mowyvetilia<br />

danarCen msoflios da<br />

adgilobrivi propagandis<br />

tyveobaSi imyofeba. eriTrea<br />

ukanasknel wlebSi myarad<br />

inarCunebs bolo adgils;<br />

prezidenti isais afevorki<br />

da misi nacional-paranoikuli<br />

mcirericxovani klani ise<br />

marTavs am yvelaze axalgazrda<br />

afrikul qveyanas, rogorc<br />

Ria cis qveS arsebul<br />

uzarmazar cixes. saerTaSoriso<br />

Tanamegobroba dauRalavad<br />

imeorebs, rom saWiroa<br />

dialogi, magram amas ver<br />

moaqvs sasurveli Sedegebi,<br />

radgan am qveynebis mTavro-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ebi mSvidad uaryofen braldebebs<br />

anda sulac ar reagireben<br />

maTze.<br />

garda amisa, zogierTi didi<br />

qveyana presis mimarT uxeS,<br />

usamarTlo da SemaSfoTebel<br />

politikas atarebs. asea rogorc<br />

venesuelaSi (113-e adgili),<br />

sadac ugo Cavesis re-<br />

Jimi moqmedebs, aseve ruseTSi<br />

(141-e adgili), sadac xelisuflebis<br />

saTaveSi medvedevis<br />

mosvlis miuxedavad vi-<br />

Tareba sruliad ar gaumjobesebula.<br />

am qveyanaSi matulobs<br />

Jurnalistebis mimarT<br />

Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, maT<br />

akaveben opoziciur mitingebze,<br />

iZulebiT aTavseben fsiqiatriul<br />

klinikebSi da sxv.<br />

saxelmwifo da opoziciuri<br />

media mkacrad kontroldeba.<br />

ana politkovskaias msgavsad<br />

Jurnalistebi yovel wels<br />

iRupebian ruseTSi `ucnob<br />

pirTa~ tyviebiT. moxsenebis<br />

avtorebma Jurnalistebis<br />

mkvlelebi faqtobrivad kremlis<br />

specsamsaxurebTan kav-<br />

SirSi daadanaSaules.<br />

siis SuagulSi aRmoCndnen<br />

gaboni, kameruni, iordania,<br />

maroko, omani malaizia. am<br />

qveynebSi akrZalulia presaSi<br />

qveynis umaRlesi xelisuflis<br />

araTu kritika, aramed xsenebac<br />

ki, iqneba es mefe Tu<br />

prezidenti, xolo senegalsa<br />

da alJirSi arsebuli drakonuli<br />

kanonmdebloba xelisufalT<br />

Jurnalistebis dakavebisa<br />

da dapatimrebis `kanonier~<br />

uflebas aniWebs.<br />

egvipteSi internetsaitebis<br />

mier inicirebulma masobrivma<br />

areulobebma sakmaod SeaSfoTa<br />

xelisufleba, romelic<br />

dRes nebismier internetmomxmarebels<br />

qveynis potenciur<br />

mtrad aRiqvams. CineTSi uzarmazar<br />

Tanxebs xarjaven internet<br />

momxmareblebis gasakontroleblad,<br />

xolo siriaSi<br />

msoflio qselis kontroli<br />

imdenadaa ganviTarebuli,<br />

rom internetSi ganTavsebuli<br />

TviT umniSvnelo kritikuli<br />

publikaciis avtoris dapatimreba<br />

mxolod da mxolod<br />

drois sakiTxia.<br />

postsabWoTa sivrceSi saqar-<br />

Tvelos garda situacia seriozulad<br />

gauaresda somxeTSi<br />

(102-e adgili), sadac seriozuli<br />

mRelvarebebis gamo<br />

aseve sagangebo mdgomareoba<br />

iyo gamocxadebuli.<br />

azerbaijani 150-e adgilzea,<br />

belorusia 154-ze, uzbekeTi<br />

162-ze, TurqmeneTi, rogorc<br />

ukve vTqviT, 171-ze. postsab-<br />

WoTa sivrceSi kvlav inarCuneben<br />

liderobas baltiis qveynebi<br />

(estoneTi _ 4-e adgili,<br />

latvia _ 7-e adgili, litva _<br />

16-e adgili). ukraina 87-e adgilzea.<br />

`Tavisuflebis saxlis~<br />

daskvna<br />

msoflioSi presis Tavisuflebis<br />

morigi reitingi gamoaqveyna<br />

agreTve gavlenianma<br />

saerTaSoriso organizaciam<br />

`Tavisuflebis saxlma~ 4<br />

(Freedom of the Press 2008: A<br />

Global Survey of Media Independence).<br />

195 saxelmwifo dayofilia<br />

sam jgufad. I jgufSi<br />

Sevidnen is qveynebi, sadac<br />

presa `Tavisufalia~, I I -Si _<br />

`nawilobriv Tavisufali~ da<br />

I I I -Si _ `araTavisufali~. `Ta-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

65<br />

solidaroba<br />

Jurnalisturi saqmianoba kvlavac saxifaToa<br />

visuflad~ 72 qveynis mediaa<br />

miCneuli, `nawilobriv Tavisuflad~<br />

_ 59-isa, xolo `ara-<br />

Tavisuflad~ _ 64-isa. moxsenebis<br />

avtorebi amtkiceben, rom<br />

aRmosavleT evropaSi da yofili<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi<br />

moxda Zalian seriozuli<br />

Seteva presis Tavisuflebaze.<br />

gansakuTrebuli regresi<br />

SeiniSneba ruseTSi, yirgizeTsa<br />

da saqarTveloSi. amave<br />

dros garkveuli gaumjobeseba<br />

aRiniSneba mxolod samxreT<br />

afrikasa da axlo aRmosavleTis<br />

qveynebSi.<br />

presis Tavisuflebis mxriv<br />

lideroben fineTi da islandia<br />

(isini yvelaze mcire _ 9<br />

sajarimo quliT 1-2 adgilebs

#1(28)<br />

iyofen) Tavisufal qveynebs<br />

miekuTvneba agreTve dania,<br />

norvegia, belgia, SvedeTi,<br />

luqsemburgi, andora, niderlandebi,<br />

axali zelandia da<br />

Sveicaria. aSS 21 adgilzea.<br />

postsabWoTa sivrceSi presa<br />

Tavisufalia mxolod baltiis<br />

qveynebSi: estoneTi me-16 adgilzea<br />

(germaniasTan, portugaliasTan,<br />

monakosTan da<br />

sxvebTan erTad), litva 25-zea<br />

(did britaneTTan, CexeTTan<br />

da kanadasTan erTad), latvia<br />

ki _ me-40-ze (safrangeTTan,<br />

slovakeTTan da sxvebTan<br />

erTad).<br />

`nawilobriv TavisufalTa~<br />

rigs miekuTvnebian ukraina<br />

(110-e adgili), saqarTvelo<br />

60 sajarimo quliT 128-e adgili<br />

keniasTan, paragvaisTan<br />

da kambojasTan erTad. danar-<br />

Ceni postsabWoTa qveynebi<br />

`araTavisufal~ qveynebs<br />

ganekuTvnebian: moldaveTi<br />

da somxeTi 144-e adgilebs<br />

iyofeben, Semdeg modian<br />

yirgizeTi (156-e adgili),<br />

azerbaijani da tajikeTi<br />

(168-e adgili) yazaxeTi da<br />

ruseTi (170-e adgili), uzbekeTi<br />

(189-e adgili) da TurqmeneTi<br />

(193-e adgili). TurqmeneTze<br />

uaresi mdgomareoba<br />

mxolod mianmasa (yofili<br />

birma) da Crdilo koreaSia.<br />

zemoTqmulidan SeiZleba<br />

davaskvnaT, rom presis TavisuflebisTvis,<br />

sul cota,<br />

sami ram aris saWiro: sazogadoebrivi<br />

moTxovna, xelisuflebis<br />

politikuri neba<br />

da mSvidoba.<br />

Solidarität<br />

SeniSvnebi:<br />

media<br />

1 sakuTari daskvna avtoritetulma uflebadamcavma organizaciam Human<br />

Rights Watch-mac gamoaqveyna, sadac adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul<br />

sxva sakiTxebTan erTad msoflioSi presis Tavisuflebis mdgomareobis<br />

Sesaxebac aris saubari. am daskvnas amjerad dawvrilebiT aRar<br />

ganvixilavT, radgan mis Sesaxeb sakmaod daiwera Cvens presaSi. daskvnis<br />

sruli teqstis naxva SesaZlebelia organizaciis saitze _ www.hrw.org<br />

2 saerTaSoriso organizaciis `Jurnalistebi sazRvrebs gareSe~ moxsenebis<br />

sruli teqstis naxva SeiZleba organizaciis saitze: http://www.rsf.org<br />

3 eta _ (baskurad Euskadi Ta Askatasuna _ `baskebis qveyana da Tavisufleba~) _<br />

baskuri memarcxene nacionalisturi organizacia, romelic gamodis<br />

espaneTis am Crdilo regionis damoukideblobis moTxovniT.<br />

4 saerTaSiros organizaciis _ Freedom House-is moxsenebis xilva SeiZleba<br />

organizaciis saitze: http://www.freedomhouse.org<br />

66<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

orientiri<br />

desmond tutu -<br />

nino beqiSvili<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

67<br />

solidaroba<br />

samarTlianobisTvis mebrZoli<br />

`cisartyelas qveynis~ Svili<br />

`Cemi humanizmi ar arsebobs Tqveni humanizmis gareSe.<br />

Cven mxolod erTad SegviZlia viyoT humanurebi~.<br />

desmond tutu<br />

desmond tutus dRes mTel<br />

msoflioSi icnoben rogorc<br />

mSvidobis damcvel cota axirebul,<br />

araCveulebrivi iumoris<br />

mqone moxuc episkoposs<br />

`cisartyelas qveynidan~. gamoTqma<br />

`cisartyvelas qveyana~<br />

masve ekuTvnis, _ odes-<br />

Rac ase uwoda Tavis samSoblos,<br />

samxreT afrikas, _ multikulturul<br />

da multieTnikur<br />

qveyanas, romlis mcxovreblebi<br />

erTmaneTisgan kanis<br />

feriTac gansxvavdebian.<br />

gasuli saukunis meore naxevari<br />

desmond tutus gareSe<br />

Zalian bevrs dakargavda. adamiani,<br />

vinc nelson mandelas-<br />

Tan erTad daamarcxa XX saukunis<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze sastiki<br />

aparteidis reJimi, dRes<br />

ukve mTel planetaze mSvidobisa<br />

da samarTlianobis damkvidrebisTvis<br />

iRvwis da cdilobs,<br />

yvela Cagrul da gaWir-<br />

vebaSi myof adamians gamoesarClos,<br />

_ aravis da arafers<br />

erideba da mravalnair xerxs<br />

mimarTavs: wignebs wers, bevrs<br />

mogzaurobs, leqciebs kiTxulobs,<br />

sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso<br />

konferenciebze gamodis,<br />

holivudis varskvlavebs xvdeba<br />

da intervius aZlevs; dabolos<br />

_ 73 wlis episkoposma<br />

brodveis speqtaklSic ki iTamaSa,<br />

romelsac ase hqvia: `guantanamo<br />

_ Rirsebam Tavisufleba<br />

unda daicvas~. tutus<br />

gmiri, mosamarTle, brals<br />

sdebs amerikis mTavrobas,<br />

romelic guantanamos samxedro<br />

bazaze tyve Talibebs araadamianur<br />

pirobebSi amyofebda.<br />

speqtakls adamianis uflebebis<br />

Sesaxeb seminarebi da<br />

leqciebi erTvoda, romleb-<br />

Sic cnobili sazogado moRvaweebi<br />

iRebdnen monawileobas.<br />

`es ufro qadagebaa,<br />

vidre speqtakli~, werda

#1(28)<br />

`Taimsi~, amitomac mqadageblis<br />

kaTedras miCveul episkoposs<br />

ar gauWirda rolSi<br />

Sesvla. is, rasac mTeli cxovreba<br />

emsaxureba, anu adamianis<br />

uflebebi, roca dasWirda,<br />

desmond tutum msaxiobis<br />

ampluaSic daicva.<br />

desmond tutu mTeli msoflios<br />

qristianTa gaerTianebisTvis<br />

iRvwis da ambobs, rom<br />

eklesiebs mxolod gaerTianebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT efeqturad<br />

ibrZolon samarTlianobisTvis.<br />

`warmoidgineT,<br />

ra moxdeboda CrdiloeT irlandiasa<br />

da sxva qveynebSi,<br />

iq rom eklesiebi erTad gamodiodnen<br />

da saubrobdnen.<br />

eklesiaTa cal-calke dgoma<br />

kidev ufro aRrmavebs politikur,<br />

ekonomikur da socialur<br />

ufskruls~.<br />

tutu msoflioSi cnobil oc<br />

sxva akademikosTan, politikosTan<br />

da sazogado moRvawes-<br />

Tan erTad gaeros generaluri<br />

mdivnis erT mniSvnelovan<br />

iniciatiavaSi monawileobs.<br />

Alliance of Civilizations _ ase<br />

hqvia am wamowyebas, romlis<br />

mizani eqstremizmis CaxSoba<br />

da im kulturuli da socialuri<br />

barierebis gadalaxvaa,<br />

romlebic dasavleTisa da<br />

muslimuri samyaros polarizebas<br />

da mtrobas iwvevs.<br />

dRes tutus bevri akritikebs<br />

palestineli xalxis Ria<br />

mxardaWerisTvis. `holokosti<br />

ar aZlevs imis uflebas ebraelebs,<br />

rom mSvidobiani palestinelebi<br />

daxocon~ _ amgvari<br />

gamonaTqvamebis gamo tutus<br />

antisemitizmSi dasdes brali<br />

da mkacradac gaakritikes.<br />

2006 wlis 30 noembridan des-<br />

Solidarität<br />

orientiri<br />

mond tutu gaeros adamianis<br />

uflebebis sabWos mandatiT<br />

Seqmnil misias xelmZRvanelobs,<br />

romlis mizani israel-<br />

Si Catarebuli samxedro operaciebis<br />

dros adamianis uflebebis<br />

darRvevis faqtebis<br />

moZieba da dadgenaa. cnobilia,<br />

rom am operaciebis dros<br />

uamravi udanaSaulo moqalaqe<br />

daiRupa.<br />

SarSan zafxulSi, pekinis<br />

olimpiadis dros, desmond<br />

tutum, vaclav havelTan da<br />

sxva ramdenime nobeliantTan<br />

erTad msoflios politikur<br />

liderebs mouwoda ar Casuliyvnen<br />

pekinSi, sadac adamianis<br />

uflebebi irRveva; imave<br />

gancxadebaSi man mkacrad<br />

gaakritika ruseTi CeCneTis<br />

omis gamo, da danarCeni msoflio<br />

_ imitom, rom Tvali daxuWa<br />

CeCneTSi amdeni wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi mimdinare barbarosobaze,<br />

rasac uamravi<br />

udanaSaulo adamiani Seewira.<br />

desmond tutu radikaluri<br />

gancxadebebiT gamodis homoseqsualTa<br />

uflebebis dasacavadac.<br />

1998 wels man kenterberiis<br />

episkoposs jorj<br />

keris miswera, _ mrcxvenia,<br />

anglikani rom varo. es lambertis<br />

konferenciis Semdeg<br />

moxda, roca anglikanma episkoposebma<br />

homoseqsual mRvdlebs<br />

msaxureba aukrZales<br />

da aRniSnes, rom maTi seqsualuri<br />

orientacia SeuTavsebeli<br />

iyo wmida werilTan.<br />

`RmerTi, albaT, qviTinebs,<br />

roca xedavs, ra saSinelebebs<br />

vukeTebT erTmaneTs, da am<br />

yvelafris fonze eklesia, da<br />

gansakuTrebiT anglikanuri<br />

eklesia, poulobs dros imisaTvis,<br />

rom adamianebis seq-<br />

68<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

sualobaze isaubros. Tuki<br />

RmerTi, rogorc isini amboben,<br />

homofobia, maSin me ver<br />

vcem Tayvans aseT RmerTs.<br />

garyvnilebaa CaTvalo, rom<br />

adamiani homoseqsualobas<br />

Tavad irCevs. mxolod SeSlili<br />

Tu moindomebs iseTi<br />

cxovrebis wesis arCevas, romlis<br />

gamoc ase SeiZuleben.<br />

rasistul sazogadoebaSi<br />

SeiZleba aseTive warmatebiT<br />

amtkico, rom adamianebi Tavad<br />

irCeven kanis fers~. ma-<br />

Sin, am gancxadebis gamo<br />

desmond tutus lamis mTeli<br />

saqristiano daupirispirda.<br />

kenterberiis episkoposma<br />

lord kerim ganacxada, tutu<br />

tolerantobasa da homoseqsualobis<br />

propagandas erTmaneSi<br />

urevso, inglisSi ka-<br />

Tolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenelma<br />

en vidkombma ki<br />

aRniSna, rom desmond tutu<br />

yvela zRvars gadavida da<br />

cdilobs waSalos sazRvari<br />

orientaciasa da moqmedebebs,<br />

WeSmaritebasa da sicrues<br />

Soris. am kritikas xanSiSesuli<br />

episkoposi ase pasuxobs:<br />

`ver gamaCumebT. me im realobidan<br />

movdivar, sadac adamianebs<br />

Zalian didi xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />

awamebdnen imis gamo,<br />

rasac, romc moendomebinaT,<br />

ver Secvlidnen _ TavianTi<br />

eTnikuri warmomavlobis<br />

gamo. Cven imitom vitanjebodiT,<br />

rom ar gvqonda TeTri<br />

kani. Semdeg, Zalian didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi, Cveni eklesia<br />

ar aRiarebda qals da Cvenc<br />

kacobriobis udides nawils<br />

ganvikiTxavdiT da vsjidiT<br />

kvlavac imis gamo, rasac ver<br />

Secvlidnen _ TavianTi sqesis<br />

gamo. da amitom dRes me bednieri<br />

var, rom Cems eklesiaSi<br />

bevri ram Seicvala. bednieri<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

var, rom aparteidi warsuls<br />

Cabarda. xolo maSin, roca es<br />

yvelaferi iyo, me ver vCumdebodi.<br />

Cemi arsebis arcerT<br />

nawils gulxeldakrefili<br />

jdoma ar SeeZlo, imitom, rom<br />

vxedavdi, xalxs sjidnen, devnidnen,<br />

ise epyrobodnen, rogorc<br />

adamianis modgmaze dabla<br />

mdgom arsebebs, Tanac mxolod<br />

imis gamo, rasac ver Secvlidnen<br />

_ kanis ferisa da seqsualuri<br />

orientaciis gamo.<br />

qriste, romlisac mwams, aris<br />

RmerTi, romelic mudam damcirebulTa,<br />

wamebulTa mxares<br />

iyo, metic, man gansacdelSi<br />

Tavi swored amis gamo Caigdo~.<br />

desmond tutu mTel msoflioSi<br />

siRaribis dasaZlevadac<br />

ibrZvis. sxvadasxva saqvelmoqmedo<br />

RonisZiebebSi monawileobs<br />

da politikosebs mouwodebs,<br />

yvelaferi iRonon<br />

siRaribis dasamarcxeblad.<br />

interviuSi, romelic SarSan<br />

bred pits misca, tutum am<br />

problemazec isaubra: `saqme<br />

Zalian martivadaa, Tu sazogadoeba<br />

Raribia, es logikurad<br />

xdeba arastabilurobis<br />

saTavec. Tu am Rarib sazogadoebas<br />

momgebiani ekonomikuri<br />

cxovrebis awyobaSi<br />

waexmarebian, maSin is arastabilurobis<br />

keridan karg sabazro<br />

asparezad iqceva xolme.<br />

ver vxvdebi, rogor SegviZlia<br />

vxarjoT warmoudgenlad<br />

didi Tanxebi Tavdacvaze.<br />

zustad ar vici, es ra jdeba,<br />

magram xom faqtia _ laparakia<br />

koSmarulad did Tanxebze,<br />

miliardebze, trilionebze...<br />

isRa damrCenia imedi viqonio,<br />

rom jer Tqvennairi<br />

adamianebi da Semdeg Cvennairi<br />

ubralo adamianebic xmas<br />

aimaRleben da ityvian: `mo-<br />

diT, SevwyvitoT es sisulele.<br />

es, ubralod, uazrobaa!~<br />

amxela Tanxebis gamoyofa Tavdacvis<br />

sistemebis Seqmnaze<br />

ukuSedegs iwvevs _ dRevandel<br />

msoflioSi mcxovrebi adamiani<br />

Tavs kidev ufro daucvelad<br />

grZnobs. erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

kompleqsuri da Zvirad-<br />

Rirebuli Tavdacvis sistema<br />

amerikas aqvs. magram misi<br />

mwyobridan gamoyvana kabelis<br />

erTi makratliTac SeiZleba.<br />

anu gamodis, rom ar arsebobs<br />

100 procentiT daculi da<br />

saimedo sistema. garwmunebT,<br />

gacilebiT ukeTesia, jer megobrebi<br />

SeiZino, vidre yvela<br />

Seni mteri gegonos manamde,<br />

sanam sawinaaRmdegoSi ar<br />

darwmundebi... sul amis Tqmas<br />

vcdilob xolme da axlac gavimeoreb:<br />

Tqven gindaT eomoT<br />

terorizms? erTs getyviT<br />

mxolod: am oms ver moigebT!<br />

morCa! am oms ver moigebT<br />

manam, sanam Zirfesvianad<br />

ar aRmofxvriT im faqtorebs,<br />

rac xalxis sasowarkveTisa<br />

da gamwarebis mizezia.<br />

mxolod amis Semdeg gaiazrebT,<br />

rom ukve SegiZliaT,<br />

mSvidad isxdeT da aRar ganerviulebdeT<br />

is faqti, rom<br />

viRac Tqvenze gabrazebulia<br />

da SurisZiebas apirebs~.<br />

ubuntus filosofia, mSobliuri<br />

bantus tomis gamocdileba<br />

mTel msoflios desmond<br />

tutum gaagebina. dRes<br />

erT-erT yvelaze popularul<br />

Ria operaciul sistemas es<br />

ucnauri saxeli _ ubuntu _<br />

hqvia. TviTon tutu ubuntus<br />

arss imave interviuSi ase<br />

ganmartavs: `ubuntu adamianad<br />

yofnis arsia. Cvens enaze adamiansac<br />

veZaxiT ubuntus da<br />

am sityvasve vxmarobT, roca<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

69<br />

solidaroba<br />

gvinda vTqvaT, ras niSnavs<br />

iyo adamiani. Zireulad,<br />

ubuntu isaa, rasac yvelaze<br />

xSirad Zvel aRTqmaSi awydebi.<br />

swored Zveli aRTqmis<br />

teqstebSi _ vTqvaT, fsalmunebis<br />

kiTxvisas _ xandaxan ver<br />

xvdebi zustad ra igulisxmeba<br />

`me~-Si: mxolod erTi individi,<br />

Tu individTa krebuli.<br />

CvenTanac asea: adamians<br />

vafasebT sxva adamianebTan<br />

mimarTebaSi. ar SeiZleba iyo<br />

adamiani da sxva adamianebisgan<br />

gancalkevebiT idge. adamiani<br />

mxolod urTierTobebSi xar.<br />

Cven namdvilad gvaqvs imis<br />

unari da potenciali, rom<br />

yvela varCinoT, yvela, mTel<br />

planetaze. Cven gvaqvs imis<br />

potenciali, rom yvelas hqondes<br />

sufTa wyali, xelmisawvdomi<br />

jandacvis sistema. Cven<br />

gvaqvs imis potenciali, rom<br />

yvela bavSvs Cautardes saWiro<br />

acrebi. SegviZlia Tavidan<br />

aviciloT im sneulebaTa<br />

umravlesoba, riTac uamravi<br />

bavSvi itanjeba Cveni planetis<br />

uRaribes qveynebSi. da<br />

RvTis gulisTvis! ratom ar<br />

SegviZlia im faqtis aRiareba,<br />

rom ar Segvwevs unari, movipovoT<br />

sruli usafrTxoeba?<br />

Tu apireb Tavdacvis sistema<br />

Seqmna, maSin is gamonaklisebis<br />

gareSe yvelas unda icavdes.<br />

Tu ginda iyo Tavisufali,<br />

ubralod, ver SeZleb am<br />

faseulobiT karantinis pirobebSi<br />

datkbe. Tu ginda Tavisufali<br />

iyo, maSin yvela, absoluturad<br />

yvela Sens garSemo,<br />

Tavisufali unda iyos. dabolos,<br />

Tu ginda iyo adamiani,<br />

marto ver iqnebi. adamianebi<br />

adamianurobas erTad aRweven~,<br />

_ ambobs desmond tutu<br />

da es misi ZiriTadi gzavnilia<br />

kacobriobisTvis.

#1(28)<br />

desmond tutu samxreT afrikaSi,<br />

klerksdorpSi daibada<br />

1931 wels, mamamisi, zaqaria<br />

tutu, meTodisturi skolis<br />

pedagogi iyo, deda _ diasaxlisi.<br />

tutu meTodistur eklesiaSi<br />

monaTles, magram Semdeg<br />

mTelma ojaxma Seicvala<br />

rwmena da anglikanebi gaxdnen.<br />

mas Semdeg, rac iohanesburgSi<br />

gadavidnen, man sulier<br />

moZRvrad Trevor hadlstoni<br />

airCia, mRvdeli, romelic<br />

bedavda d aparteidis<br />

mwvave kritikiT gamodioda.<br />

tutum saSualo skola iohanesburgSi<br />

daamTavra, Zalian<br />

undoda eqimi gamxdariyo,<br />

magram mis xelmokle mSoblebs<br />

swavlis safasuris gadaxda<br />

ar SeeZloT. bakalavris diplomi<br />

iohanesburgis universitetSi<br />

miiRo da 1954-57<br />

wlebSi saSualo skolaSi daiwyo<br />

maswavlebloba. 1957 wels,<br />

mas Semdeg, rac saxelmwifom<br />

bantusTvis diskriminaciuli<br />

saganmanaTleblo kanonebi miiRo,<br />

tutum protestis niSnad<br />

maswavlebloba miatova<br />

da gadawyvita, mRvdeli gamxdariyo.<br />

swavla gaagrZela,<br />

1960 wels iohanesburgis wmida<br />

petres saxelobis Teologiuri<br />

koleji daamTavra da<br />

sasuliero samsaxurs Seudga.<br />

misTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo is gamocdileba, rac londonis<br />

samefo kolejSi swavlisas<br />

miiRo. tutu samSobloSi<br />

Teologiis magistris<br />

diplomiT da sakuTar TavSi<br />

bevrad ufro darwmunebuli<br />

dabrunda. Semdeg igonebda,<br />

rom swored evropaSi miRebulma<br />

gamocdilebam misca<br />

saSualeba ufro gabedulad<br />

da mwvaved ekamaTa `TeTreb-<br />

Tan~.<br />

Solidarität<br />

orientiri<br />

meore msoflio omis Semdeg<br />

samxreT afrikaSi gamarjvebulma<br />

nacionalurma partiam<br />

qveyanaSi diskriminaciuli re-<br />

Jimi daamyara, romelic mTel<br />

msoflioSi apartiedis saxeliTaa<br />

cnobili. es reJimi<br />

mkacr rasobriv segregacias<br />

gulisxmobda, rasac, bunebrivia,<br />

samxreT afrikis Savkaniani<br />

mosaxleobis protesti<br />

mohyva. protests Tavidan<br />

masobrivi xasiaTi ar hqonia.<br />

maSin, 60-ian wlebSi, antiaparteiduli<br />

moZraoba jer mxolod<br />

fexs ikidebda.<br />

1975 wels, desmond tutu<br />

iohanesburgis RvTismSoblis<br />

taZris mRvdelmTavari gaxda;<br />

is iyo pirveli Savkaniani,<br />

romelic am postze dainiSna.<br />

misi antiaparteiduli gamosvlebic<br />

yvelaze aqtiurad am<br />

dros daiwyo. am periodSive<br />

gamZafrda antiaparteiduli<br />

moZraoba mTel qveyanaSi.<br />

tutusTvis politika da religia<br />

ganuyofeli cnebebia.<br />

`RmerTi bibliaSi Cans, rogorc<br />

politikuri gamocdilebis<br />

gansaxiereba, is, vinc<br />

adamianebs monobisgan aTavisuflebs~<br />

_ werda desmond<br />

tutu 1976 wels, roca souetos<br />

axalgazrdobam aparteidis<br />

winaaRmdeg Zaladobrivi<br />

gzebiT daiwyo brZola. maSin<br />

desmond tutum Savkanian aqtivist<br />

mxato monaloisTan<br />

erTad moaxerxa, rom axalgazrdobis<br />

protests mSvidobiani<br />

formebi mieRo. Tumca,<br />

miuxedavad amisa, maSin 600<br />

feradkaniani moqalaqe gaxda<br />

aparteidis reJimis msxverpli,<br />

aTasobiT daiWra, Zalian<br />

bevri daapatimres. axda is,<br />

rasac desmond tutu premier-ministr<br />

vorsters pirad<br />

70<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

werilSi swerda _ samxreT<br />

afrikaSi situacia denTis<br />

kasrs hgavs, romelic nebismier<br />

wuTs SeiZleba afeTqdeso.<br />

maSin ministrma Savkanian<br />

mRvdels ar upasuxa. samxreT<br />

afrikis mTavrobas tutu ukve<br />

arasaimedo da saSiS mowinaaRmdeged<br />

miaCnda.<br />

1978 wels lesotis episkoposi<br />

desmond tutu samxreT afrikis<br />

eklesiaTa sabWos generalur<br />

mdivnad airCies. mis<br />

organizaciaSi 13 milioni<br />

qristiani Sedioda, romelTa<br />

80 procenti feradkanianebi<br />

iyvnen. am organizaciis saxeliT<br />

tutu aparteidis diskriminaciuli<br />

sistemis dasrulebas<br />

moiTxovda. misi qadagebebi<br />

beWduri saxiT mTel<br />

qveyanaSi vrceldeboda. eklesiaTa<br />

sabWos ZiriTadi<br />

saxsrebi ki ukanonod datusaRebul<br />

moqalaqeebsa da maT<br />

ojaxebs xmardeboda. tutu<br />

Semdeg ixsenebda, rom samxreT<br />

afrikaSi samarTlianobisTvis<br />

brZolis yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />

momentebi maSin dgeboda,<br />

roca eklesia aSkarad gamodioda<br />

aparteidis winaaRmdeg:<br />

`maxsovs, ormocdaaTi<br />

sasuliero piri, sxvadasxva<br />

konfesiis wamomadgenlebi,<br />

ekumenuri jgufis wevrebi,<br />

iohanesburgSi dagvapatimres,<br />

imitom, rom demonstacia gavmarTeT<br />

_ Cveni kolegis dakaveba<br />

gavaprotesteT. sasamarTlos<br />

sardafSi kamerebSi<br />

visxediT, ganaCens velodiT<br />

da Tan vloculobdiT, liturgiac<br />

aRvavlineT. aw gansvenebulma<br />

kongregacionaluri<br />

eklesiis meTaurma da eklesiis<br />

erTobis komisiis Tavmjdomarem<br />

ver moiTmina, aqviTinda<br />

da miTxra: amdeni<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

xania eklesiis erTobisTvis<br />

viRvwi, maram arasdros ganmicdia<br />

is, rasac axla ganvicdio.<br />

maSin iqve, kameraSi, movagroveT<br />

fuli erTi axalgazrda<br />

qalisTvis, romelsac,<br />

Tu jarimas ar gadaixdida,<br />

patimroba eloda~.<br />

Tavis qadagebebSi, gamosvleb-<br />

Si, wignebSi desmond tutu<br />

Riad akritikebda samxreT<br />

afrikis mTavrobas, romelmac<br />

didi qalaqebidan Savkaniani<br />

mosaxleobis Sor provinciebSi<br />

masobrivad gadasaxleba<br />

daiwyo. amasTanave is mTel<br />

msoflioSi mogzaurobda leqciebis<br />

wasakiTxad da kritikis<br />

tribunad evropisa da aziis<br />

televiziebs iyenebda. daniaSi<br />

yofnisas tutum televiziiT<br />

mouwoda evropis mTavrobebs,<br />

ekonomikur blokada-<br />

Si moeqciaT samxreT afrikis<br />

respublika da es berketi<br />

sruliad udanaSaulo, mSvidobiani<br />

feradkaniani moqalaqeebis<br />

dasacavad gamoeyenebinaT.<br />

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom<br />

desmond tutu ara mxolod<br />

samxreT afrikis mTavrobas<br />

akritikebda, aramed gmobda<br />

ramdenime antiaparteiduli<br />

dajgufebis Zaladobriv<br />

taqtikasac. miaCnda, rom<br />

saWiroa molaparakeba, rom<br />

terorizmi gamosavali ar<br />

aris. misi brZola, erTi<br />

mxriv, qveynis TeTrkaniani<br />

mTavrobis winaaRmdeg iyo<br />

mimarTuli, meore mxriv ki _<br />

zogadad Zaladobis winaaRmdeg.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom desmond<br />

tutus pasporti orjer<br />

CamoarTves (es ki samxreT afrikaSi<br />

seriozul gafrTxilebas<br />

niSnavda), mas arasdros<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

71<br />

solidaroba<br />

Seuwyvetia brZola. is afrTxilebda<br />

mTavrobas, rom re-<br />

Jimis gamkacreba axal sisxlisRvrebs<br />

gamoiwvevda.<br />

1984 wels, maSin, rodesac<br />

samxreT afrikis mTavrobam<br />

samxreT-afrikis eklesiaTa<br />

sabWos finansuri moRvaweobis<br />

Seswavla gadawyvita, da<br />

iq `darRvevebic~ aRmoaCina.<br />

desmond tutus mSvidobis<br />

nobelis premia mianiWes. ma-<br />

Sin norvegiis nobelis komitetis<br />

erT-erTma wevrma, egil<br />

orvikma ganacxada: `wlevandeli<br />

premia unda ganvixiloT<br />

rogorc yvela im samxreT<br />

afrikelis gmirobisa da gambedaobis<br />

aRiareba, vinc mSvidobiani<br />

gzebiT ibrZvis aparteidis<br />

winaaRmdeg. komitets<br />

surs ganacxados, rom mSvidobis<br />

premia ara mxolod desmond<br />

tutusa da samxreT-af-

#1(28)<br />

rikis eklesiaTa sabWos aRiarebaa,<br />

aramed samxreT afrikis<br />

im moqalaqeebisac, romlebmac<br />

Cveni simpaTia adamianuri<br />

Rirsebis, erTobisa da<br />

demokratiis erTgulebis<br />

gamo daimsaxures~.<br />

sanobele sityvaSi desmond<br />

tutum aRniSna: `mSvidoba ar<br />

aris iq, sadac ar aris samarTlianoba.<br />

viyoT mSvidobis<br />

momxreebi, mSvidobis momxreT<br />

ufalma caTa sasufeveli<br />

gaumzada. Tu mSvidoba gvinda,<br />

samarTlianobis saxeliT<br />

unda vibrZoloT~.<br />

1984 wlis noemberSi anglikanur<br />

episkoposTa sinodma<br />

desmond tutu keiptaunis<br />

episkoposad airCia, ori wlis<br />

Semdeg is pirveli Savkaniani<br />

arqiepiskoposi gaxda. maSin<br />

tutu souetos SavkanianTa<br />

ubanSi dasaxlda. mas arasdros<br />

ucxovria TeTkanianTa<br />

prestiJul kvartalSi, mdidrul<br />

saepiskoposo rezidenciaSi.<br />

1985 wels qalwuli mariamis<br />

taZarSi tutum mouwoda samxreT<br />

afrikis TeTrkanian mosaxleobas,<br />

gagebiT mohkidebodnen<br />

feradkanianebs. `saqme<br />

is aris, rom Cvenc Cveulebrivi<br />

adamianebi varT. Cvenc<br />

gviyvars ojaxTan erTad yofna,<br />

gvixaria, roca saRamoobiT,<br />

samsaxuris Semdeg Sin vbrundebiT<br />

da Svilebi gvxvdebian.<br />

amaSi araferia araCveulebrivi.<br />

es nebismieri adamianis<br />

moTxovnilebaa. Cven gvinda<br />

vixiloT axali afrika, sadac<br />

yvelani, TeTrkanianebi da<br />

Savkanianebi, erTad SevxvdebiT<br />

im momavals, romelic<br />

ufalma gagvimzada~.<br />

Solidarität<br />

orientiri<br />

aparteidis dasrulebis Semdeg,<br />

1995 wels nelson mandelam<br />

desmond tutu `simarTlis<br />

da Serigebis sabWos~ Tavmjdomared<br />

daniSna. es organizacia<br />

aparteidis dros adamianis<br />

uflebebis darRvevis<br />

faqtebs iZiebda da saWiro<br />

SemTxvevaSi damnaSaveebis amnistias<br />

awerda xels. 1999 wlamde<br />

sabWom 7 aTasamde saqme<br />

ganixila da aqedan mxolod<br />

150 braldebulis Sewyalebas<br />

moawera xeli. danarCenebis<br />

saqmeebi Sesabamis organoebs<br />

gadaeca Semdgomi ZiebisTvis.<br />

desmond tutus principulobis<br />

gamo sabWos muSaobas uamravi<br />

skandali sdevda Tan; ma-<br />

Ti saSualebiT imgvar faqtebs<br />

exdeboda farda, romelTa<br />

Sesaxeb xmamaRla ver imsjelebdnen.<br />

sabWos muSaobis Sedegad<br />

xangrZlivi patimroba<br />

miesaja polkovnik iujin de<br />

koks, romelic afrikelebis<br />

gamosvlebs sastiki meTodebiT<br />

axSobda. desmond tutus<br />

sabWo arc antiaparteidulad<br />

ganwyobil afrikelebs indobda.<br />

maT amxiles nelson mandelas<br />

yofili meuRle vini<br />

madikizela-mandelac da aparteidis<br />

dros ZaladobaSi dasdes<br />

brali.<br />

desmond tutu nobelis premiis<br />

garda uamrav humanitarul<br />

jildos flobs, maT Soris,<br />

gandis saxelobis premiasac.<br />

tutus swams, rom msoflioSi<br />

arsebul mraval dapirispirebasa<br />

da omSi damnaSavea ara<br />

religia, aramed adamianis<br />

ugunureba: `problema religiebSi<br />

ar aris, radgan religia<br />

sinamdvileSi bevr ara-<br />

Cveulebriv adamians Sobs...<br />

72<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

ai, Tundac budizmi. budizmma<br />

Sva dalai lama. ai, Tundac<br />

induizmi _ man Sva mahaTma<br />

gandi. qristianobis nayofia<br />

deda tereza, martin luTer<br />

kingi. es saerTo suraTia, romelsac<br />

versad wauxval, unda<br />

aRiaro. magram Cndeba kiTxva:<br />

rogor SeiZleba erTma ramem<br />

Svas kargic da cudic? amas<br />

imitom vambob, rom arsebobda<br />

igive ku kluqs klani. ku<br />

kluqs klani iCemebda, rom<br />

qristianobis principebiT<br />

moqmedebda. anda SexedeT,<br />

ras akeTeben CrdiloeT irlandiaSi.<br />

uyureb yovelive<br />

amas da gamogaqvs daskvna:<br />

ara, es ar aris religiisa da<br />

rwmenis problema, radgan<br />

arasdros arcerTi religia<br />

morwmunisgan ar iTxovs<br />

mkvlelobas. arcerT religias<br />

arasdros ar uqadagia<br />

erTi adamianis mier meoris<br />

Seviwroeba~.<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Sinaarsi<br />

grigol feraZis saxeli sab-<br />

WoTa saqarTveloSi didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi tabudadebuli<br />

iyo, magram dRes TiTqmis aRar<br />

darCa gazeTi, mis Sesaxeb rom<br />

ar moeTxro mkiTxvelisaTvis.<br />

literaturulsa da samecniero<br />

periodikaSi qveyndeba<br />

misi narkvevebi da qadagebebi.<br />

am unikaluri adamianis moRvaweobas<br />

sami dokumenturi<br />

filmi mieZRvna, maT Soris<br />

erTi poloneTSia gadaRebuli,<br />

sadac misi saxelobis taZari<br />

Sendeba da misi sazogadoeba<br />

daarsda.<br />

aRmosavleTmcodneebi grigol<br />

feraZes klasikosad<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

73<br />

solidaroba<br />

WeSmariti<br />

moqalaqeobisa<br />

beqa mindiaSvili<br />

`moqalaqeoba aris brZola Tavis wresTan, Tavis TavTan.<br />

moqalaqeoba moiTxovs Segnebas, patiosnebas, fiqrs,<br />

mxneobas, Wkuas; moqalaqeoba moiTxovs naTlianTvaliT<br />

sagnebis danaxvas, windaxedulebas, auCqareblobas,<br />

simdables, romelic araa monis maCvenebeli, aramed<br />

ganaTlebul adamianis, sxvis azris gagonebas da<br />

adamianSi adamianis Zebnas da dafasebas... moqalaqeoba<br />

aris msxverplis gaReba. Tvisi sakuTari Tavis dawva<br />

sxvisTvis gasanaTleblad~.<br />

arqimandriti grigol feraZe<br />

miiCneven. ivane javaxiSvili<br />

da korneli kekeliZe, aTeisturi<br />

reJimis mxridan mkacri<br />

akrZalvis miuxedavad, mas<br />

mainc imowmebdnen an ekamaTebodnen.<br />

niko mari TanamSromlobas<br />

sTavazobda. q. vitenbergis<br />

universitetSi misi<br />

saxelobis kabineti moqmedebs.<br />

mis Sesaxeb biografiulsa<br />

da bibliografiul<br />

masalas gvawvdian avtoritetuli<br />

samecniero da religiuri<br />

cnobarebi.<br />

grigol feraZe saqarTvelosa<br />

da poloneTis marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiebis mier wmindanad<br />

aris Seracxili. misi saxe

#1(28)<br />

xatebzea aRbeWdili da misdami<br />

savedreblebia dawerili,<br />

sadac naTqvamia, rom man<br />

`RmerTi dausabamo marTlmadideblobiTisibrZnismetyvela,<br />

sulica Tvisi dasdva<br />

moyvasisTvis... Tavi Tvisi Seswira<br />

qristesa da gvirgvini<br />

uxrwnelebisa moigo~. magram<br />

qarTuli taZrebis ambionebidan<br />

jerac naklebad ismis<br />

mRvdelmowame grigolis saxeli.<br />

Cveni eklesiis mrevlma<br />

kargad icis, vin arian wm. serafime<br />

saroveli, wm. egnate brianCaninovi<br />

Tu arqimandriti<br />

ioane krestiankini. TavisTavad<br />

es dadebiTi movlenaa _<br />

eklesiis sazRvrebi usazRvroebaSia.<br />

oRond, ukeTes Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi, daudevrobaa iseTi<br />

mamuliSvilis Rvawlis saTanadod<br />

daufasebloba, romelzedac<br />

poloneli RvTismsaxuri<br />

da mecnieri henrik<br />

paprocki ambobs, rom misi<br />

moRvaweobis Seswavla qristianobis<br />

arsze gvafiqrebs, _ man<br />

xom Tavisi cxovrebiT saxarebiseul<br />

ideals Seasxa xorci.<br />

grigol feraZis fenomenze<br />

saubari gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria<br />

dRes, radgan, erTi<br />

mxriv, marTlmadideblobad<br />

nacionalur ideologias saxaven<br />

da axlo warsulSi xelketebad<br />

qceuli jvrebiT uswordebodnen<br />

RvTis mier bo-<br />

Zebul nebis Tavisuflebas,<br />

xolo meore mxriv, Zlierdeba<br />

undobloba marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis sulieri da inteleqtualuri<br />

potencialis<br />

mimarT.<br />

sazogadoebisaTvis grigol<br />

feraZis cxovreba pasuxia kiTxvisa<br />

_ rogori unda iyos moqalaqe?<br />

qarTuli kultu-<br />

Solidarität<br />

orientiri<br />

risTvis misi memkvidreobis<br />

Seswavla sakuTar tradiciasa<br />

da msoflio istoriaSi dabrunebis<br />

SesaZleblobas warmoadgens,<br />

eklesiisTvis ki igi,<br />

sxva yvelaferTan erTad, ekumenuri<br />

TanamSromlobisa da<br />

dialogis saukeTeso nimuSia.<br />

mama grigolis pirovnebaSi<br />

TiTqos Sejamda is, rasac qristianuli<br />

humanizmi da suliereba,<br />

an pirobiTad dasavluri<br />

da aRmosavluri tradiciebi<br />

SeiZleba vuwodoT: sicocxliT<br />

tkboba da Tavganwirva,<br />

codna da rwmena, Seupovroba<br />

da morCileba, socialuri<br />

aqtivoba da asketizmi, novatoroba<br />

da konservatiuloba,<br />

racionaluri azrovneba<br />

da mistikuri intuicia, sinamdvile<br />

da legenda...<br />

grigol feraZe 1899 wlis 13<br />

seqtembers daibada sofel<br />

bakurcixeSi, magram misi, rogorc<br />

mecnierisa da pedagogis<br />

samSoblo germania iyo.<br />

londonSi berad aRikveca,<br />

parizSi mRvdlad ekurTxa.<br />

cxovrebis nawili balkaneTisa<br />

da siria-palestinis monastrebSi<br />

piligrimobasa da qar-<br />

Tuli xelnawerebis ZiebaSi<br />

gaatara. poloneTSi mowamebrivad<br />

aResrula, saqarTvelos<br />

ki daubrunda rogorc wmindani.<br />

mecnieri da pedagogi<br />

1921 wlis 6 seqtembers kaTalikos-patriarqi<br />

ambrosi xelaia<br />

germaniis saelCos swerda:<br />

`saqarTvelos eklesia am-<br />

Jamad kritikul mdgomareoba-<br />

Sia, rac axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli<br />

sasuliero pirebis<br />

74<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

didi naklebobis gamo ufro<br />

uaresdeba... axla SegviZlia<br />

gavgzavnoT axalgazrda Teologebi<br />

germaniaSi, sadac Teologia,<br />

rogorc mecniereba,<br />

Zalian maRal donezea.<br />

grigol feraZe am qarTvel-<br />

Tagan pirvelia, romelsac<br />

ganzraxuli aqvs, momavalSi<br />

Tavisi codna da energia qar-<br />

Tul eklesias moaxmaros. me,<br />

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi,<br />

am RvTis mosawon saqmeSi<br />

mas kurTxevas vaZlev da...<br />

saeklesio krebamac erTxmad<br />

daadgina, SesaZleblobis farglebSi<br />

materialurad daexmaros<br />

am niWier axalgazrdas~.<br />

cota xanSi germaniis saelCosa<br />

da artur laistis daxmarebiT,<br />

sakaTalikoso sabWom<br />

Tbilisis universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebisfakultetis<br />

warCinebuli studenti<br />

berlinis universitetSi gagzavna<br />

Teologiuri ganaTlebis<br />

gasaRrmaveblad. Tumca<br />

patriarq ambrosi xelaias,<br />

ivane javaxiSvilisa da korneli<br />

kekeliZis mier am saqmeSi<br />

gamoCenil gulmodginebas SesaZloa<br />

ufro masStaburi mizani<br />

hqonoda: TavianTi Segirdis<br />

saxiT isini saukeTesos<br />

gadarCenas cdilobdnen Tavs<br />

datexili katastrofisagan.<br />

Tavad grigol feraZisTvis<br />

ki Zala, romelmac misi sam-<br />

Soblo daipyro, borotebis<br />

gansaxierebas warmoadgenda.<br />

`boroteba Zlieria, _ werda<br />

igi, _ warmoiqmneba Tu ara,<br />

maSinve aviwroebs sikeTes da<br />

ar aZlevs gamarjvebis saSualebas...<br />

nuTu borotebis mom-<br />

Zlavrebaze ar migviTiTebs<br />

axalgazrdis cxovreba, rome-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

lic sicocxlis saukeTeso<br />

periodSi iZulebulia miatovos<br />

samSoblo da Svela ucxo<br />

mxareSi eZios~. marcxi, uimedoba,<br />

tkivili, qaosi. sad<br />

aris aRdgoma da gamarjveba?<br />

sad aris xsna? sad aris sam-<br />

Soblo? am kiTxvebze pasuxis<br />

miRebis Jini iyo misi dausrulebeli<br />

ltolvilobis<br />

erT-erTi mTavari mizezi.<br />

berlinis universitetSi,<br />

protestantuli, e.w. liberaluri<br />

Teologiis erT-erT<br />

centrSi, grigoli harnakisa<br />

da daismanis leqciebs ismens.<br />

male Teologiis mecnierebaTa<br />

kandidatis xarisxiT<br />

swavlas bonis universitetSi<br />

agrZelebs, sadac ukve filosofiaSi<br />

icavs sadoqtoro disertacias,<br />

romlis Tema qar-<br />

Tuli bermonazvnobaa. bon-<br />

Sive eniWeba filologiiis<br />

privatdocentoba. 27 wlis<br />

asakSi ukve flobs 13 enas.<br />

1926-27 wlebSi briuselSi<br />

kaTolike berebTan erTad ganagrZobs<br />

samecnieri saqmianobas,<br />

Semdeg oqsfordSi ecnoba<br />

anglikanobasa da britanul<br />

orientalistur skolas.<br />

mogvianebiT lozanaSi gamar-<br />

Tul religiur konferenciaze<br />

ityvis: „arc erT mxares<br />

ar ucdia Cemi gadabireba. me<br />

yvelgan, pirvel rigSi, vcdilobdi<br />

meswavla is, rac Cemi<br />

eklesiisTvis iqneboda mniSvnelovani<br />

da sasargeblo~.<br />

misi samecniero interesis<br />

sfero metad farToa. ikvlevs<br />

qarTul warmarTobas,<br />

„vefxistyaosans~, Tanamedrove<br />

qarTul literaturas, ideologiis<br />

fenomens, pirovnebisa<br />

da masis problemas.<br />

magram ZiriTadad bibliologia,<br />

hagiologia, adreqristianuli<br />

RvTismsaxureba, patrologia<br />

da bermonazvnobis<br />

istoria ipyrobs mis yurad-<br />

Rebas. 1929 wlidan sorbonis,<br />

oqsfordis, dublinisa da krakovis<br />

universitetebSi kiTxulobs<br />

leqciebs, aTi wlis Semdeg<br />

ki varSavis universitet-<br />

Si Teologiis fakultetis<br />

dekanis postze niSnaven da am<br />

droidan sacxovrebladac poloneTis<br />

dedaqalaqSi gadadis.<br />

misi pedagogiuri saqmianoba<br />

gamsWvaluli iyo wminda mamebis<br />

SemoqmedebiTi suliT. grigol<br />

feraZis studentebs<br />

cremli adgebaT Tvalze misi<br />

leqciebis gaxsenebisas. misi<br />

varSavuli erToTaxiani binis<br />

kari maTTvis mudam Ria iyo.<br />

profesoris xelfass qarTul<br />

xelnawerTa moZiebas, gaWirvebuli<br />

studentebis daxmarebas,<br />

parizSi mis mier daarsebuli<br />

qarTuli eklesiis Senaxvasa<br />

da erTaderTi qarTulenovani<br />

religiuri Jurnalis<br />

`jvari vazisas~ gamocemas axmarda.<br />

igi avtoria germanul, frangul,<br />

inglisur, polonur da<br />

qarTul enebze dawerili 70ze<br />

meti samecniero naSromisa...<br />

andre tarbi, iulius asfalgi,<br />

paul klugeri dResac<br />

axdenen citirebas grigol<br />

feraZis Sromebidan.<br />

grigolma moiara msoflios<br />

TiTqmis yvela wignsacavi, sadac<br />

ki qarTuli xelnaweri<br />

eguleboda. aTonis mTaze 15<br />

xelnaweri SeiZina, sofiis sajaro<br />

biblioTekaSi petriwonis<br />

tipikonis qarTuli ver-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

75<br />

solidaroba<br />

sia aRmoaCina, ierusalimis<br />

berZnul sapatriarqoSi 162<br />

xelnawers miakvlia. Sav mTasa<br />

da damaskoSi 24 etrati Seisyida.<br />

mis pirad biblioTekaSi<br />

daculi iyo uZvelesi qarTuli<br />

dokumenti, romelsac saqarTvelosTvis<br />

gadasacemad<br />

inaxavda. xelnaweris bedi<br />

dRemde ucnobia, is gestapos<br />

mier misi binis Cxrekis Semdeg<br />

daikarga.<br />

moZRvari<br />

brwyinvale samecniero karieris<br />

miuxedavad daJinebiT<br />

iTxovda samSobloSi dabrunebas.<br />

korneli kekeliZes<br />

swerda: „saSinlad vitanjebi,<br />

arafris xalisi ar maqvs,<br />

Tumca nivTierad sruliad<br />

uzrunvelyofili var. ris-<br />

Tvis vitanje amdeni xani, ris-<br />

Tvis viswavle, risTvis moviare<br />

TiTqmis mTeli evropa?<br />

ratom ar miSveben saxlSi?~<br />

sabWoTa xelisuflebas RvTismetyveli<br />

mecnieri iaraRis<br />

samizned Tu gamoadgeboda. iq<br />

grigolis msgavsTaTvis „troikebis”,<br />

gulagebisa da tyviawamlis<br />

damzadebis gadamwyveti<br />

faza iwyeboda. rogorc<br />

Cans, viRacas enaneboda, ver<br />

imetebda mas am realobisTvis<br />

da sabWoTa saelCodan uariT<br />

istumrebdnen. pasportic CamoarTves<br />

da mTeli darCenili<br />

cxovreba ltolvilis<br />

statusiT gadaadgildeboda.<br />

evropaSi ki, rogorc germaneli<br />

poeti hans arpi ambobs: `Savi<br />

kegelbani quxda da ufro<br />

da ufro bneldeboda miwis<br />

sibnele, xmauradamianebi, bombmxarSavebi,<br />

manqansayvarlebi<br />

mravldebodnen~. iwyeboda

#1(28)<br />

faSizmis aRzeveba. samSobloSi<br />

dabrunebis imedgadawuruli<br />

30 wlis doqtori 1929<br />

wels parizSi wminda ninos<br />

saxelobis qarTul eklesias<br />

uyris safuZvels (bolo dromde<br />

is erTaderTi qarTuli<br />

eklesia iyo sazRvargareT)<br />

da diasporis gaerTianebasa<br />

da gamxnevebas cdilobs: „ieso<br />

qriste _ usamSoblo da devnili,<br />

gariyuli da wamebuli...<br />

eZebs CvenisTanebs. raRas<br />

vfiqrobT! raRas velodebiT!<br />

risTvis vdgavarT kunWuleb-<br />

Si? risTvis vimalebiT? SevikribneT<br />

da SeverTdeT macxovarTan<br />

da gavixadoT igi<br />

Cveni patara da Rirseuli<br />

keris da cxovrebis mfarvelad<br />

da megobrad ucxoeTSi~.<br />

1930 wlis Sobis dReebSi mZimed<br />

daavadda. sikvdilis piras<br />

misuls gadauwyvetia<br />

RvTisaTvis bolomde mieZRvna<br />

Tavi da gamojanmrTelebis<br />

Semdeg berad aRikveca. sul<br />

male mRvdlad xeldeben da<br />

wminda ninos eklesiis winam-<br />

ZRvrad niSnaven.<br />

rwmeniTa da samecniero codniT<br />

aRWurvili borotebisa<br />

da misi miwieri gamovlinebebis<br />

winaaRmdeg iwyebs brZolas.<br />

pirvelsave qadagebaSi ambobs:<br />

`eklesia araa muzeumi da me<br />

ise nu CamTvliT, rogorc muzeumis<br />

obieqts. me var mebr-<br />

Zoli, romelic eZebs mebrZolebs<br />

Tqveni wridan eklesiis-<br />

Tvis momavlis Sesaqmnelad~.<br />

misi qadagebebi Tavisufalia<br />

Sablonebisa da e.w. „maRali<br />

Stilisgan~. mis sityvaSi marTlmadidebeli<br />

berisa da qarTvel<br />

emigrantTa moZRvris gamocdileba<br />

dasavluri huma-<br />

Solidarität<br />

orientiri<br />

nizmis tradiciebTanaa Sesisxlxorcebuli.<br />

kerigmis RerZi<br />

RmerTisa da socialurad aqtiuri<br />

pirovnebis _ moqalaqis<br />

urTierTobaa. samyaro mxolod<br />

am prizmaSi gardatexiT<br />

iZens sazriss: „rodesac eklesia<br />

loculobs an laparakobs<br />

samSobloze, is ar gulisxmobs,<br />

pirvel rigSi, taZrebs,<br />

saqarTvelos mzes, mTebs da<br />

velebs, aramed adamians da<br />

mis keTildReobas, romelic<br />

grZnobs winaparTa anderZs<br />

da eklesia udgas gverdiT am<br />

adamians da exmareba anderZis<br />

aRsrulebaSi. es anderZia:<br />

Zieba RvTisa da Zieba sasufevlisa,<br />

Zieba RvTis simarTlisa<br />

am qveyanaze _ brZola uflebisaTvis,<br />

TavisuflebisaTvis<br />

da ganviTarebisaTvis. am anderZiT<br />

Cven ar varT SezRudulni<br />

Cveni samSobloTi. mizani<br />

moqalaqis cxovrebisa<br />

unda iyos RmerTi. Tu adamianis<br />

an eris locvis pirveli<br />

sityva sxva ramea da ara Rmer-<br />

Ti, gindac es sityva iyos<br />

iseTi, rogoricaa samSoblo,<br />

patriotizmi, brZola da Sroma<br />

TavisuflebisaTvis da<br />

ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis,<br />

maSin es sityva iqneba ukmarisi.<br />

adamianma Tavisi cxovreba<br />

unda Caayenos did koncefciebSi,<br />

e.i moqmedeba da<br />

cxovreba unda daumorCilos<br />

iseT did rames, romlis madlsa<br />

da Zlierebas araviTari<br />

sazRvari ara aqvs, romlis ca<br />

mTels msoflios faravs, romelic<br />

adamianis yovel mizansa<br />

da miswrafebas, ragind lokaluri<br />

iyos igi da SemozRuduli,<br />

universalursa da waruval<br />

mniSvnelobas aZlevs~.<br />

mama grigoli, rogorc religiuri<br />

moRvawe, erTi mxriv,<br />

76<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

eklesiis ideologizaciis<br />

winaaRmdeg gamodis da ambobs,<br />

rom „mZime gamocdis Jams<br />

eklesia mxolod sakuTari<br />

rwmenis sakiTxebiT unda Semoifarglos.<br />

is unda iyos<br />

mxolod Suamavali xalxsa da<br />

qristes Soris. patriotebs<br />

kargad unda esmodeT es sakiTxi<br />

da ar unda moiTxovdnen<br />

imas, ramac SesaZloa eklesiis<br />

rRvevas Seuwyos xeli~;<br />

xolo meore mxriv, eklesiaTa<br />

gaerTianebis Temaze gamar-<br />

Tul konferenciebSi monawileobs<br />

da am sakiTxis Taobaze<br />

aseT pozicias gamoxatavs:<br />

`erTxelac iqneba da is SesaniSnavi<br />

droc dadgeba, roca<br />

qristianobas erTi mwyemsi<br />

waruZRveba da Cveni macxovris<br />

uzeSTaesi locva TvalnaTliv<br />

acxaddeba. amisTvis<br />

loculobs egzom mxurvaled<br />

aRmosavleTis qristianoba<br />

da, rogorc cnobilia, igi<br />

saukuneebis manZilze am erTianobis<br />

misaRwevad ibrZvis.<br />

dadgeba dro da gaerTiandebian<br />

sarwmunoebani. es iqneba<br />

didebuli dRe Cveni uflis<br />

meored mosvlis win. gaerTiandeba<br />

aramarto romauli da<br />

berZnuli eklesiebi, aramed<br />

maT SeuerTdeba evangelikuric,<br />

romelic aseve warmoadgens<br />

Cveni uflis taZars da<br />

romlis arsebobas eWvqveS ver<br />

davayenebT, radgan namdvilad<br />

arsebobs da aq Tavis miznebsa<br />

da amocanebs axorcielebs.<br />

rogor gaerTiandebian isini,<br />

es Cvens amocanas ar warmoadgens,<br />

es samecniero kvlevis<br />

sfero ki ar aris, aramed yoveli<br />

qristianis movaleobaa,<br />

Cveni uflis romel mrevlsac<br />

unda ekuTvnodes igi. vinc<br />

qristes sasufevels seriozulad<br />

uyurebs, is dainaxavs,<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

om qristianobis azri mtrobaSi,<br />

SurSi, eWvsa da avazakobaSi<br />

rodia. igi uflis mrevlis<br />

Zmuri siyvaruliT suldgmulobs<br />

da erT mSvenier<br />

dResac Cveni macxovris xeze<br />

es sami toti erTmaneTs gadaeWdoba.<br />

erTianoba raRac wmindaa<br />

da saocari. is Cveni uflis<br />

locvaa mamisadmi da bolo winaswarmetyvelebac,<br />

rac maSin<br />

asruldeba, roca ufali inebebs<br />

da saamisod Sesabamisi<br />

dro dadgeba. Cven unda vilocoT<br />

da viSromoT, raTa igi male<br />

dadges. mxolod siyvaruls,<br />

didsulovnebas, Zmuri moTminebisa<br />

da taqtiani angari-<br />

Sis gawevis gzas SeuZlia migviyvanos<br />

iqamde. siyvaruliT<br />

yvelafris miRweva SeiZleba~.<br />

magram man isic kargad icis,<br />

rom „realurad Zalian Sors<br />

aris is dRe, rodesac eklesia<br />

codvian dedamiwaze sikeTis<br />

borotebaze gamarjvebas idResaswaulebs.<br />

mware sinamdvile<br />

ufro da ufro gvaSorebs mas~.<br />

gamaognebeli sityvebiT mTavrdeba<br />

1937 wlis saaRdgomo<br />

esei: „udidesi sixarulis dReebSi<br />

Cveni Tavis mimarT kritikulni<br />

unda viyoT. eklesia<br />

mizans miaRwevs mxolod golgoTisa<br />

da jvarcmis gziT...<br />

sxva gza qristes principebis<br />

sawinaaRmdegoa... sxva gza<br />

mxolod borotebas exmareba<br />

da keTilmosurne da keTilsindisier<br />

adamians katastrofisken,<br />

tragediisken miaqanebs...<br />

yvelas, vinc am did dRes<br />

ganicdis msgavs ukidegano<br />

dardsa da sevdas, vesalmebi<br />

_ qriste aRsdga!”<br />

parizis qarTuli taZris saaRricxvo<br />

wignSi winamZRvris<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

77<br />

solidaroba

#1(28)<br />

bolo xelmowera 1939 wlis 1<br />

ianvriTaa daTariRebuli. fa-<br />

Sistebis mier poloneTis okupaciis<br />

Semdeg mama grigoli<br />

ekumenisgan izolirebuli aRmoCnda.<br />

varSavaSi ki Zmobisa<br />

da siyvarulis sivrce sul<br />

ufro mcirdeboda mis garSemo.<br />

mowame<br />

SeeZlo Tu ara ieso qristes<br />

aeridebina sakuTari jvarcma?<br />

„arsi da upiratesoba Zlieri<br />

adamianebisa is aris, rom Zireuli<br />

da diadi SekiTxvebis<br />

dasma SeuZliaT da cxad pasuxebsac<br />

Tavadve scemen. sustni<br />

ki yovelTvis iZulebulni<br />

arian, airCion sxvaTa mier<br />

SemoTavazebuli alternativebi~,<br />

_ werda faSisturi saokupacio<br />

banakidan pastori<br />

da Teologi ditrix banhoferi.<br />

qristesTvis, iseve rogorc<br />

misi didi mimdevrebisTvis,<br />

siyvaruli, romelic sakuTari<br />

Tavis msxverplSewirviT<br />

gamoixateba, aris ara iZuleba,<br />

aramed programa, „didi<br />

koncefcia~, pasuxi maT mier<br />

dasmul kiTxvaze: rogor aris<br />

SesaZlebeli amqveynad sike-<br />

Tis gadarCena?<br />

mama grigolic swored msxverplSewirviT<br />

umzadebda pasuxs<br />

mis mier dasmul SekiTxvas:<br />

rogor aris SesaZlebeli moqalaqeoba?<br />

rogor SeiZleba<br />

iyo qristiani, rogor<br />

SeiZleba daZlio boroteba<br />

iq, sadac RmerTis nacvlad<br />

jalaTebs scemen Tayvans,<br />

sadac adamianebi, erTi mxriv,<br />

Solidarität<br />

orientiri<br />

yovlisgamanadgurebeli samxedro<br />

manqanis nawilad arian<br />

qceulni, xolo meore mxriv,<br />

sapnebisa da xelCanTebis dasamzadebel<br />

masalad? Teologebi<br />

amboben, rom borotebas<br />

msxverpli amarcxebs borotebisave<br />

iaraRiT _ jvriT.<br />

amitomac grigol feraZe<br />

gamudmebiT qmnida pirobebs<br />

sikeTis maxeSi borotebis<br />

gasabmelad: man uari ganacxada<br />

poloneTis datovebaze<br />

faSistebis mier qveynis okupaciis<br />

Semdeg da protestis<br />

niSnad mowvevac ar miiRo<br />

berlinis universitetidan.<br />

aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli poloneTis<br />

antifaSistur moZraobaSi,<br />

mfarvelobda ebrael-<br />

Ta ojaxebs. varSavis dabombvebisas<br />

TavSesafarSi ar imaleboda,<br />

uvlida daWrilebs<br />

da apatiosnebda micvalebulebs.<br />

TviTmxilvelebi hyvebian,<br />

rom araerTxel SewinaaRmdegebia<br />

germanel jariskacebs,<br />

rodesac isini amcirebdnen<br />

an fizikurad uswordebodnen<br />

vinmes. cnobilia<br />

kidev erTi faqti: germaniis<br />

mier safrangeTis okupirebis<br />

Semdeg saqarTvelos emigraciuli<br />

mTavroba aiZules qar-<br />

Tuli ganZi auqcionze gaetana,<br />

raTa Tavad germanelebi<br />

dapatronebodnen mas. eqvTime<br />

TayaiSvilTan erTad mama<br />

grigolma Tavisi didi avtoritetis<br />

wyalobiT germanelebi<br />

daarwmuna, rom am nivTebs<br />

mxolod istoriuli Rirebuleba<br />

hqonda qarTveli eris-<br />

Tvis. erTi yuTic rom gaxsniliyo,<br />

mas daxvreta ar ascdeboda.<br />

bolo wlebSi grigol feraZe<br />

poloneTis qarTul saTvis-<br />

78<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

tomos edga saTaveSi. dekanozma<br />

henrik paprockim germanuli<br />

saidumlo dokumentebis<br />

Seswavlis Semdeg daadgina,<br />

rom saTvistomos antifa-<br />

Sisturi kursi yofila arqimandritis<br />

dapatimrebis<br />

mTavari mizezi. mis dapatimrebaSi<br />

saTvistomos profa-<br />

Sist qarTvelebs miuZRviT<br />

udidesi wvlili.<br />

es is qarTvelebi iyvnen, romlebsac<br />

gulwrfelad swamdaT,<br />

rom faSisturi germania aris<br />

Zala, romeliTac bolo moeReboda<br />

komunizms da rusuli<br />

imperiuli batonobisgan<br />

gaTavisufldeboda saqarTvelo.<br />

es patrioti qarTvelebi<br />

iyvnen. am ambis mTeli tragizmi<br />

sworedac eg aris: patriotizmma<br />

daabrmava es adamianebi<br />

da grigol feraZis<br />

nacvlad adolf hitleris<br />

mxardaWera airCies.<br />

dapatimrebidan sami Tvis Semdeg,<br />

1942 wlis 6 dekembers,<br />

osvencimSi mravalSviliani<br />

ebraelis nacvlad sakuTari<br />

iniciativiT grigol feraZe<br />

Sevida gazis sakanSi. arsebobs<br />

misi daRupvis meore versiac,<br />

romlis Tanaxmad, grigolma<br />

sxvis mier moparuli puris<br />

qurdoba daibrala, rac<br />

sikvdiliT isjeboda.<br />

rodesac franciskanelma<br />

mRvdelma maqsimilian kolbem<br />

aseTive gadawyvetileba mii-<br />

Ro, germaneli oficeri dainteresda,<br />

Tu ratom sCadioda<br />

amas. kolbem upasuxa: imitom,<br />

rom mRvdeli var. analogiur<br />

SekiTxvas mama grigolic<br />

analogiurad upasuxebda,<br />

radgan qristes mRvdloba<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

msxverplsac da Semwirvelsac<br />

erTdroulad gulisxmobs.<br />

wmindani<br />

grigol feraZis mier Seqmnili<br />

sulierebisa da kulturis<br />

sivrce TiToeuli keTili nebis<br />

moqalaqisaTvis, ganurCevlad<br />

erovnebisa da aRmsareblobisa,<br />

sakuTari Tavisa da<br />

moyvasisaken savali gzebis Ziebis<br />

kidev erTi SesaZleblobaa.<br />

es aris ganviTarebis dausrulebeli<br />

perspeqtiva, sadac<br />

`siaruls ar daemCneva daRliloba<br />

da sirbils mtveri~.<br />

am sivrceSi `erTma meores<br />

unda Seundos danaSauli, radgan<br />

udanaSaulo, ucodveli<br />

Cven Soris aravinaa~ (grigol<br />

feraZe. „mamao Cvenos~ ganmarteba<br />

_ Sinaarsi WeSmariti<br />

moqalaqeobisa~).<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma<br />

eklesiam 1995 wels gafarToebul<br />

saeklesio krebaze<br />

grigol feraZe wmindanad<br />

Seracxa. poloneli mecnieri<br />

da RvTismsaxuri henrik<br />

paprocki am krebas eswreboda<br />

da grigolis kanonizaciisas<br />

bavSviviT tiroda.<br />

wmindanad SeracxvisaTvis<br />

saWiro rva pirobidan grigol<br />

feraZis kanonizacias<br />

safuZvlad daedo:<br />

1) mowamebrivi sikvdili<br />

qristesTvis;<br />

2) gamorCeuli saeklesio da<br />

saganmanaTleblo<br />

moRvaweoba;<br />

3) didi damsaxureba eklesiisa<br />

da eris winaSe;<br />

4) keTilmsaxuri, marTali,<br />

wminda cxovreba;<br />

5) umwikvlo marTlmadidebloba.<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

wminda mRvdelmowame grigol<br />

feraZes 6 dekembers ixseniebs.<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

79<br />

solidaroba

#1(28)<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia<br />

pluralistul samyaroSi<br />

dekanozi emanuel klapsisi<br />

winamdebare statiaSi ganzraxuli gvaqvs pluralistur<br />

garemoSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sajaro sivrceSi<br />

arsebobis sakiTxis ganxilva. sajaro arsebobaSi<br />

moviazrebT eklesiis cxovrebis yvela im aspeqts,<br />

romelic TvalsaCinoa yvela adamianisTvis da romelsac<br />

ufarToesi gavlena aqvs sazogadoebaze. ganvixilavT<br />

aseve sekularizmisa da pluralizmis mniSvnelobebs da<br />

religiis rols am konteqstSi.<br />

sekularizacia<br />

da eklesia<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom eklesia<br />

RvTis ganxorcielebuli sityvisa<br />

da suliwmidis erToblivi<br />

qmedebiT aris dafuZnebuli,<br />

istoriul movlenebs<br />

mainc aqvT gavlena mis SesaZleblobaze,<br />

sworad gaar-<br />

Cios uflis aqtiuri qmedeba<br />

istoriuli qartexilebis<br />

pirobebSi. marTlmadidebeli<br />

Teologebi SesaZloa adekvaturad<br />

gadmoscemen saeklesio<br />

tradicias, magram isini yovelTvis<br />

ar arian kargad gaTviTcnobierebulebiTanamedrove<br />

msoflios sakmaod<br />

rTul realobebSi. upirveles<br />

yovlisa, Tu Tanamedrove<br />

samyaro ar iqneba gagebuli<br />

da Teologiurad interpre-<br />

80<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

tirebuli, maSin, Tundac rom<br />

eklesia gamudmebiT mimar-<br />

Tavdes Tanamedrove samyaros<br />

da es ukanasknelic eswrafodes<br />

eklesiasTan daaxloebas,<br />

isini ubralod ver gaugeben<br />

erTmaneTs sxvadasxva enaze<br />

saubris gamo.<br />

qristianuli eklesiis Tval-<br />

TaxedviT, samyaro uflis<br />

mmarTvelobis qveS imyofeba:<br />

`wmida~ da `sakraluri~ aqtiurad<br />

myofobs realobis yvela<br />

sferoSi. amgvarma Sexedulebam<br />

ganapiroba saeklesio<br />

instituciis, rogorc mTavari<br />

arbitris, Camoyalibeba<br />

cxovrebis wesis gansazRvris<br />

procesSi, rogorc pirovnul,<br />

aseve sajaro sferoSi. Tanamedroveobam<br />

sekularizaciis<br />

dinamikur process daudo<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

dasabami, ramac radikaluri<br />

gamowvevis winaSe daayena,<br />

zogadad, `sakralurisa~ da,<br />

kerZod, saeklesio institutebis<br />

roli adamianTa cxovrebaSi.<br />

Tanamedrove samyarom<br />

realobis Cveneul warmodgenaSi<br />

sakralurisa da sekularulis<br />

urTierTobac Secvala.<br />

sekularulma samyarom gaiTavisufla<br />

Tavi saeklesio<br />

kontrolisgan. Tuki manamde<br />

religiuri samyaro yovlismomcveli<br />

realoba iyo, romelSic<br />

sekularul samyaros<br />

Tavisi adgili eWira, axla<br />

sekularuli samyaro gardaiqmna<br />

yovlismomcvel realobad,<br />

romelTan adaptirebac<br />

unda moaxerxos religiam. saxelmwifom<br />

da sabazro ekonomikam,<br />

romelic cdilobs Camoayalibos<br />

samyaros Tanamedrove<br />

gageba da klasifikacia,<br />

sekularuli cxovrebis<br />

yvela danarCen sferoze ufro<br />

meti mniSvneloba SeiZina.<br />

mas Semdeg, rac sekularuli<br />

samyaro eklesiisgan damoukidebeli<br />

gaxda, man Sinagani<br />

diferenciacia ganicada, warmoSva<br />

ra mravali damoukidebeli<br />

qvesfero (politika,<br />

ekonomika, iurisprudencia,<br />

mecniereba, ganaTleba, xelovneba,<br />

medicina); TiToeuli<br />

maTgani Tavisi Sida struqturebis<br />

funqcionirebas im<br />

principebis mixedviT aregulirebs,<br />

romlebic adekvaturad<br />

miiCneva arsebuli saWiroebebis<br />

mosagvareblad. aseve,<br />

am sferoSi momuSave TiToeuli<br />

individisgan am principebis<br />

Sesabamis qcevebs moelian.<br />

moqalaqe unda daemorCilos<br />

`TamaSis wesebs~, miuxedavad<br />

misi pirovnuli mrwamsisa<br />

Tu ganwyobisa. vin aris<br />

adamiani da ras unda akeTebdes<br />

igi Tavis kerZo cxovrebaSi?<br />

es sakiTxebi arsebobis<br />

kerZo, avtonomiur sferoebad<br />

moiazreba. maSasadame, religia,<br />

romelic pirovnebis cxovrebis<br />

integrirebulad da holistikurad<br />

(anu erT mTlianobad.<br />

_ mTargm.) interpretacias<br />

cdilobs, ukve kargavs<br />

Tavis mniSvnelobas: sazogadoebaze<br />

religiuri institutebis<br />

gavlena mkveTrad sustdeba.<br />

zogierTi adamiani am<br />

fenomens ganixilavs rogorc<br />

Tanamedrove samyarodan religiis<br />

saboloo gaqrobis dasawyiss.<br />

religiis mzardi tempiT gandevna<br />

da Seviwroveba sekularizaciis<br />

mTavari niSan-Tviseba<br />

gaxda. magram 1960-iani wlebis<br />

damdegs sociologebma am<br />

Teoriis gadaumowmebel varaudebs<br />

eWvis TvaliT Sexedes.<br />

maT erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaves<br />

ori sekularuli ideologia.<br />

pirveli maTgani saTaves<br />

iRebs religiis ganmanaTleblobis<br />

epoqis droindeli kritikidan,<br />

meore ki saeklesio<br />

sferodan sekularulis gamoyofisa<br />

da misi diferencirebis<br />

Tanamedrove process<br />

warmoadgens. sekularulma<br />

avtonomiam da misma Sida dayofam<br />

sxvadasxva damoukidebel<br />

qvesferod, SesaZloa,<br />

Seasusta religiis gavlena,<br />

magram es namdvilad ar iwvevs<br />

religiis erozias, mis daRmavlobasa<br />

da saboloo ganadgurebas.<br />

tomas laqmenis azriT, sekularizacia<br />

ubralod miuTi-<br />

Tebs religiis societaluri<br />

da sajaro funqciebis dakargvaze.<br />

Tanamedrove religia<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

81<br />

solidaroba<br />

privatizebulia, moTavsebulia<br />

arsebobis sakuTar,<br />

marginalur sferoSi. socialuri<br />

mecnierebebis warmomadgenlebs<br />

swamT, rom sekularizacia,<br />

rogorc Teoria,<br />

saWiro da sasargeblo kategoriaa<br />

Tanamedrove samyaros<br />

interpretaciisTvis. sekularizacia<br />

klasifikaciis axal<br />

sistemas iyenebs. ase rom,<br />

Sexeduleba, romlis mixedvi-<br />

Tac sekularizacia religiuri<br />

rwmenebisa da praqtikebis<br />

warxocvas niSnavs, uaryofilia,<br />

rogorc usafuZvlo<br />

mosazreba da istoriis<br />

miTiuri gageba.<br />

religiis sajaro roli<br />

unda Seeguon Tu ara qristianuli<br />

eklesiebi privatul<br />

sferoSi gadanacvlebas? am<br />

kiTxvis pasuxi damokidebulia<br />

imaze, Tu rogor gvesmis cxovrebis<br />

privatuli da sajaro<br />

sferoebi. saWiroa kargad<br />

vacnobierebdeT am ori sferos<br />

sazRvrebs (da, maSasadame,<br />

maT gansazRvrebebsac).<br />

isini yovelTvis aramkafio<br />

da cvalebadia. `privatulad~<br />

moixsenieba is sferoebi, romlebic<br />

uSualod individs<br />

ekuTvnis, cxovrebis is aspeqtebi,<br />

romlebic ar SeiZleba<br />

gaziarebuli iyos sxvaTa mier.<br />

`sajaro~ sfero ki, rogorc<br />

amas Carlz teilori<br />

gansazRvravs, aris saerTo<br />

sivrce, romelSic sazogadoebis<br />

wevrebi erTmaneTs xvdebian,<br />

rogorc mediis (beWduri,<br />

eleqtronuli) saSualebebiT,<br />

aseve pirispir, saerTo<br />

interesebis Semcveli sakiTxebis<br />

gansaxilavad da am gziT<br />

saerTo azris Camosayalibeb-

#1(28)<br />

lad. mravalferovneba sxvadasxva<br />

forumebisa Tu Sexvedrebisa,<br />

romlebzec amgvari<br />

saerTo (sajaro) interesis<br />

Semcveli sakiTxebi ganixileba,<br />

warmoadgens erTian<br />

SekavSirebul sivrces, vinaidan<br />

yvela maTgans, saboloo<br />

jamSi, interkomunikaciuri<br />

xasiaTi aqvs. amgvari sivrce,<br />

sadac adamianebi Tavisuflad<br />

ayalibeben da gamoxataven sakuTar<br />

Sexedulebebs, warmoadgens<br />

umTavres maxasiaTebels<br />

Tavisufali da demokratiuli<br />

sazogadoebisa. amgvarad<br />

Camoyalibebuli sazogadoebrivi<br />

azri ar aris sxvadasxva<br />

Sexedulebebis ubralo<br />

nakrebi, es ufro kritikuli<br />

diskusiebis Sedegad<br />

Camoyalibebuli azria. am<br />

mizeziT, mas normatiuli<br />

Rirebuleba aqvs politikuri<br />

xelmZRvanelobisTvis, anu<br />

saxelmwifosTvis, romlis<br />

arsebobis mizanic xalxis,<br />

sazogadoebis interesis gaTvaliswineba<br />

da misi dakmayofileba<br />

unda iyos. rodesac<br />

sajaro sivrce kontrolis an<br />

manipulaciis msxverpli xdeba<br />

(vinmes finansebis an mTavrobis<br />

mier), maSin igi kargavs<br />

ndobas da aRar warmoadgens<br />

demokratiuli diskusiebis<br />

sivrces.<br />

sazogadoebrivi azri saerTo<br />

sikeTis Sesaxeb produqtia<br />

diskusiebisa, romelTac unda<br />

uzrunvelyon konsensusis miRweva.<br />

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, eklesia<br />

ar unda Seeguos privatul<br />

sferoSi gadanacvlebas.<br />

saWiroa aRiarebul iqnes misi<br />

adgili `samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi~,<br />

socialur sferoSi,<br />

romelic erTmaneTTan akav-<br />

Sirebs cxovrebis privatul<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

da sajaro sferoebs.<br />

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba<br />

Sedgeba adamianTa uamravi<br />

nebayoflobiTi gaerTianebisgan,<br />

romlebic politikuri<br />

sferos gareT arseboben.<br />

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba xels<br />

uwyobs adamianebis erTmaneT-<br />

Tan SekavSirebas saerTo problemebis<br />

mogvarebis procesSi.<br />

es garemoeba Zalze mniSvnelovania,<br />

radgan arcerT sazogadoebas<br />

ar SeiZleba ewodos<br />

Tavisufali, Tu masSi ar<br />

SeuZliaT funqcionireba amgvar<br />

nebayoflobiT gaerTianebebs<br />

(asociaciebs). Tavisuflebis<br />

pulsis cema yovelTvis<br />

sustia iq, sadac amgvari gaer-<br />

Tianebebis SeqmnisTvis yvela<br />

piroba ar aris uzrunvelyofili.<br />

arc privatuli da arc<br />

sajaro sfero ar SeiZleba<br />

iyos eklesiis qmedebis adgili<br />

Tanamedrove samyaroSi (miT<br />

umetes, Tu es sajaro sivrce<br />

gagebulia Zalze viwrod, anu<br />

roca igi identificirebulia<br />

politikur ZalauflebasTan<br />

an ekonomikur sivrcesTan). eklesia,<br />

rogorc adamianTa nebayoflobiTi<br />

gaerTianeba,<br />

romelsac cxovrebis Tavisi<br />

xedva aqvs, aqtiurad unda<br />

iyos CarTuli sajaro debatebSi.<br />

eklesiam dialogis gziT<br />

unda SesTavazos yvelas Tavisi<br />

macxovnebeli WeSmariteba.<br />

axla ki davubrundeT im sakiTxs,<br />

Tu rogor SegviZlia<br />

konceptualurad gaviazroT<br />

religiis adgili da roli am<br />

ukiduresad diferencirebul<br />

da danawevrebul socialur<br />

realobaSi. Tanamedrove<br />

sazogadoebis funqcionaluri<br />

diferencireba da pluralizmi<br />

nakleb adgils tovebs<br />

nebismieri religiisTvis, ro-<br />

82<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

melic sazogadoebis integraciis<br />

pozitiur Zalas warmoadgens.<br />

religiam, SesaZloa,<br />

dakarga Tavisi hegemonuri<br />

adgili sajaro sivrceSi, magram<br />

mas ar daukargavs Tavisi<br />

xma. TavisTavad modernuli<br />

samyaro ar uaryofs religiis<br />

sajaro rols, man, ubralod,<br />

sakralurisa da sekularulisrekonceptualizacia<br />

moaxdina. diferenciaciis<br />

procesis gamo religias aRar<br />

SeuZlia a priori inarCunebdes<br />

gabatonebul rols sajaro<br />

sivrceSi. Tumca, meore<br />

mxriv, arc is aris SesaZlebeli,<br />

rom am sivrcem mTlianad<br />

gamoricxos sakuTari<br />

Tavidan religiis arseboba.<br />

Tuki religia iTavisebs da<br />

iwynarebs adamianis fundamentur<br />

uflebebs (gansakuTrebiT<br />

sindisis Tavisuflebasa<br />

da privatul cxovrebaSi<br />

Caurevlobis uflebas), romlebic<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebebSi<br />

aqvT moqalaqeebs<br />

miniWebuli, maSin savsebiT SesaZlebelia,<br />

rom religiam miiRos<br />

sazogadoebrivi forma.<br />

religia ar unda cdilobdes<br />

mecnierebis, ekonomikis an<br />

saxelmwifos saqmis gakeTebas.<br />

misi movaleoba mxolod isaa,<br />

rom Tavis mimdevrebSi aRzardos<br />

da ganamtkicos religiuri<br />

rwmena. religias aqvs SesaniSnavi<br />

unari iyos socialur-politikuritransformaciisTvis<br />

wamowyebul moZraobaTa<br />

STagonebis wyaro da<br />

mamoZravebeli Zala. aseT moZraobebs<br />

SeuZliaT religiuri<br />

mxardaWeris miReba, rac Tvisebrivad<br />

gansxvavdeba, magaliTad,<br />

ekonomikis an mecnierebis<br />

qvesferoebis mier SemoTavazebuli<br />

mxardaWeris-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gan. religia unikaluri narativiT<br />

uzrunvelyofs adamianebs,<br />

rac maT sicocxlis<br />

sazriss, altruistul ganwyobasa<br />

da transformirebis<br />

Zalas aniWebs. religias SeuZlia<br />

daicvas religiis Tavisufleba,<br />

adamianis uflebebi<br />

da TviT demokratiuli<br />

sazogadoebis arsebobis ufleba<br />

absolutisturi da avtoritaruli<br />

saxelmwifos<br />

winaaRmdeg. mas SeuZlia daayenos<br />

sakiTxi saxelmwifos<br />

ama Tu im struqturis qmedebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, romelic<br />

ganxorcielebulia yovelgvari<br />

Rirebulebebisa da moraluri<br />

normebis gverdis avliT.<br />

religiis mxridan swored<br />

aseTi saxis intervenciebs SeuZlia<br />

sazogadoebrivi Segnebis<br />

amaRleba, misi mobili-<br />

zeba arahumanuri da damTrgunveli<br />

pirobebis winaaRmdeg;<br />

religias msgavs sakiTxebze<br />

sazogadoebrivi diskusiis<br />

dawyebis xelSewyobac<br />

ZaluZs.<br />

eklesia dialogis<br />

procesSi<br />

qristianuli eklesiebi da sxva<br />

religiuri gaerTianebebi<br />

sxvadasxvagvarad upasuxeben<br />

modernuli samyaros gamowvevas<br />

da sakuTar gadanacvlebas<br />

privatul sferoSi. zogierTma<br />

maTganma ar miiRo<br />

sazogadoebis Tanamedrove<br />

diferencireba, minimaluri<br />

`doziT~ aRiara axali socialuri<br />

realobebi da am viTarebaSi<br />

ganagrZo arseboba. isi-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

83<br />

solidaroba<br />

ni Tanamedrove samyarosgan<br />

srul separacias amjobineben.<br />

sxvebi mcireoden SeuTavseblobas<br />

xedaven sakralursa<br />

da sekularuls Soris, magram<br />

iReben (iwynareben) sazogadoebis<br />

diferenciaciis fenomens:<br />

pativs scemen TiToeuli<br />

qvesistemis avtonomiurobas<br />

da yovel maTganSi SeuZliaT<br />

moqmedeba, TumcaRa mcireodeni<br />

garTulebebiT. zogierTis-<br />

Tvis ki, magaliTad, SesaZlebelia<br />

yovel kvira dRes karg<br />

qristianad yofna, kviris samuSao<br />

dReebSi _ kargi marqsistoba<br />

da Tavgadakluli kapitalistoba<br />

sakuTar samewarmeo<br />

saqmianobaSi, SeuTavseblobis<br />

yovelgvari SegrZnebis<br />

gareSe. sxvebi ise moixiblnen<br />

moderniT, rom mTlianad<br />

gaiTavises `sekularul~

#1(28)<br />

RirebulebaTa sistema, romelSic<br />

TiTqmis aRar darCa<br />

adgili qristianuli da zogadad<br />

religiuri simboloebisTvis.<br />

da bolos, arian<br />

adamianebi, romlebic ar uaryofen<br />

sakuTar religiur identobas<br />

da ar brmavdebian axali<br />

socialuri realobiT, magram,<br />

amasTanave, siamovnebiT<br />

Rebuloben religiis sajaro<br />

rolis saxecvlilebis sirTules.<br />

es ukanaskneli arCevani<br />

ki uwyvet kavSirSia marTlmadideblur<br />

eTosTan. Cemi azriT,<br />

igi gamoirCeva inteleqtualuri<br />

patiosnebiTa da<br />

moraluri sijansaRiT. rasakvirvelia,<br />

amgvari midgoma<br />

iTxovs, erTi mxriv, Tanamedrove<br />

samyarosTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

sirTuleebis sakmaod<br />

Rrma codnas da, meore<br />

mxriv, qristianuli tradiciisadmi<br />

erTgulebas, agreTve<br />

Tanamedrove samyarosTan dialogSi<br />

CarTvis survilsac.<br />

Tanamedrove pluralistur<br />

sazogadoebaSi mimdinare diskusiebSi<br />

qristianebi aqtiurad<br />

unda iyvnen CarTulni.<br />

isini mudmivad unda sTavazobdnen<br />

Tanamedrove samyaros<br />

saxarebis im WeSmaritebebs,<br />

romlebic konkretul<br />

problemebsa da sxvadasxva<br />

cxovrebiseul situaciebs<br />

exeba. magram es mTavari qristianuli<br />

mesijebi mxolod<br />

wmida werilSi gadmocemul<br />

profetul tradicias ki ar<br />

unda asaxavdes, aramed eklesiis<br />

wmida mamaTa zogad eTossac,<br />

romlebic raRac egzotikur<br />

religias ki ar qadagebdnen,<br />

aramed imdroindeli<br />

berZnul-romauli kulturis<br />

transformacias cdilobdnen<br />

axali, saxarebiseuli cxov-<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

rebis keTili uwyebiT, romelic<br />

RmerTma uboZa Cvens samyaros<br />

Tavisi ganxorcielebuli<br />

Zis meSveobiT.<br />

Tanamedrove sazogadoebis<br />

pluralistuli da demokratiuli<br />

xasiaTis gamo, arsebobs<br />

erTaderTi gza sxva adamianebis<br />

dasarwmuneblad _ es aris<br />

dialogi. dialogis ZiriTad<br />

safuZvels warmoadgens mxare-<br />

Ta saerTo valdebuleba zogierT<br />

politikur da moralur<br />

winapirobasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

radgan es garemoeba<br />

SesaZlebels xdis maT Soris<br />

komunikacias, miuxedavad<br />

uTanxmoebisa Tu konfliqtisa.<br />

amgvari saerTo safuZveli<br />

SeiZleba iyos mravali da specifikuri<br />

an cota da bundovani,<br />

_ es damokidebulia gansaxilvel<br />

sakiTxebze. dialogs<br />

aqvs imis potenciali,<br />

rom gzadagza sxva, axali,<br />

urTierTSeTanxmebuli winapirobebi<br />

warmoSvas, rac, Tavis<br />

mxriv, kidev ufro ganamtkicebs<br />

dialogis monawile-<br />

Ta urTierTobas. socialuri<br />

garemoebis mixedviT,<br />

dialogis monawileni oridan<br />

erT gzas irCeven: erTi mxriv,<br />

maT SeuZliaT saerTo poziciis<br />

gamovlena da konkretuli<br />

gzebis dasaxva realobaSi<br />

misi ganxorcielebisTvis, meore<br />

mxriv ki, maT aseve SeuZliaT<br />

gansxvavebuli midgomebis<br />

minimumamde dayvana da/<br />

an am midgomebTan dakavSirebuli<br />

uTanxmoebis arsis ukeT<br />

gageba. dialogi, ramdenadac<br />

es SesaZlebelia, miiswrafis<br />

konfliqtebis diskursiulad<br />

da ara manipulaciurad (iZulebis<br />

an zegavlenis moxdenis<br />

gziT) gadaWrisken. dialogi<br />

es aris ara mxolod im skep-<br />

84<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

tikuri Sexedulebis uaryofa,<br />

romlis mixedviTac `araviTari<br />

azri ar aqvs im sakiTxebze<br />

diskusias, romlebTan<br />

mimarTebaSic gansxvavebuli<br />

poziciebi gvaqvs~, aramed im<br />

Tvalsazrisis uaryofac, romlis<br />

mixedviTac adamianTa<br />

Soris arsebuli uTanxmoebebis<br />

gadasaWrelad Zalis, iZulebis<br />

sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyenebaa<br />

saWiro. amrigad,<br />

dialogi saeWvo an fuWi wamowyeba<br />

ki ar aris, aramed er-<br />

TaderTi xelSemwyobi procesia<br />

mopaeqre mxareTa mosarigeblad.<br />

Tuki am dros mxareebi<br />

ver miaRweven konsensuss,<br />

isini droebiT mainc SeaCereben<br />

konfliqts da arsebul<br />

uTanxmoebas im perspeqtividan<br />

Sexedaven, romelze<br />

SeTanxmebasac manamde, am<br />

dialogis procesSi miaRwies.<br />

sakiTxi, romelic Cven mier<br />

ganxilvas saWiroebs, aris<br />

Semdegi: aqvT Tu ara sakmarisi<br />

saerTo (bazisuri) Sexedulebebi<br />

Cvens pluralistul<br />

sazogadoebaSi arsebul sxvadasxva<br />

qristianul eklesiebs,<br />

religiur da moralur<br />

gaerTianebebs (Temebs), raTa<br />

realurad SeZlon politikuri<br />

da moraluri xasiaTis dialogis<br />

warmoeba? cxovrebis<br />

rogori xedvac ar unda hqondeT<br />

amgvar gaerTianebebs,<br />

mniSvnelovania imis aRiareba,<br />

rom maT uamravi saerTo Sexeduleba,<br />

Rirebuleba Tu midgoma<br />

eqnebaT. vinaidan TviT<br />

pluralizmi arsebobs gansxvavebuli<br />

kulturebis, subkulturebis<br />

da kulturuli<br />

fragmentebis ganuwyveteli<br />

Sexvedrebis, praqtikebisa da<br />

midgomebis urTierTgaziarebis<br />

wyalobiT, amitom ar ar-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

sebobs sruliad damoukidebeli<br />

da xelSeuxebeli kultura,<br />

romelsac ar ganecados<br />

sxva kulturebis gavlena.<br />

nebismieri kultura Seicavs<br />

im elementebs, romlebic mas<br />

sxvebTan akavSirebs.<br />

Tavad is faqti, rom Tanamedrove<br />

sazogadoeba aris pluralisturi,<br />

gamoricxavs romelime<br />

erTi religiis xedvis<br />

dominanturobas aseT sazogadoebaSi.<br />

religiis universalisturi<br />

pretenziebi am<br />

samyaros misaRebi wyobis<br />

Sesaxeb SeuTavsebelia Tanamedrove<br />

pluralisturi sazogadoebebis<br />

bunebriv moTxovnasTan:<br />

diskusiis Sedegad<br />

ayalibebdes erTobliv xedvasa<br />

da samarTlian politikas<br />

yvela im adamianTa jgufis<br />

interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

romlebic am pluralistur<br />

sazogadoebaSi cxovroben.<br />

vaRiarebT ra sajaro sferos<br />

mier religiuri argumentebis<br />

miRebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

SiSebis legitimurobas,<br />

Cven unda viswavloT am argumentebis<br />

imgvarad warmodgena,<br />

rom Tavidan iqnes<br />

acilebuli yvelanairi Sida<br />

samoqalaqo dapirispireba.<br />

`gansxvavebulobis~<br />

Teologiuri pativiscema<br />

sanam sajaro sivrceSi eklesiis<br />

mier gamosayenebeli enisa<br />

da mesijebis Sesaxeb visaubrebdeT,<br />

manamde unda SevecadoT<br />

im adamianTa Teologiur<br />

gagebas, romlebTanac<br />

qristianebs diskusia aqvT.<br />

sajaro sivrceSi eklesiis<br />

diskursis unikaluroba damokidebulia<br />

sxvaTa gagebis<br />

mis gansakuTrebuli unarsa<br />

da sxvebTan urTierTobis<br />

stilze. eklesiis mTeli doqtrinaluri<br />

tradicia da liturgikuli<br />

cxovreba mniSvnelovan<br />

resursebs gvTavazobs<br />

gansxvavebulebTan damokidebulebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. es tradicia<br />

imis gacnobierebaSic<br />

gvexmareba, rom RvTis mier<br />

Seqmnil samyaroSi arsebuli<br />

gansxvavebebi dayofa-danawevrebis<br />

mizezi ki ar unda iyos,<br />

aramed uflis mravalferovani<br />

kurTxevis gamovlinebad<br />

unda miviCnioT. qristianTa<br />

sajaro Tu privatuli urTierTobebi<br />

im ganwyobas unda<br />

asaxavdes, Tu rogor aris<br />

gagebuli `sxva~ qristianuli<br />

eklesiis sulier tradiciaSi.<br />

mTeli istoriis manZilze<br />

adamianur yofas axasiaTebda<br />

daZabuli urTierTobebi gansxvavebulobasa<br />

da erTobas<br />

Soris. rodesac gansxvavebuloba<br />

da erToba erTmaneTisgan<br />

mowyvetilad aRiqmeba, ma-<br />

Sin sazogadoeba an totalitarul,<br />

an ukiduresad individualistur<br />

da fragmentirebul<br />

xasiaTs iZens. orive<br />

SemTxvevaSi `gansxvavebulobis~<br />

aRiarebis uaryofasTan<br />

gvaqvs saqme. orivegan saerTo<br />

maxasiaTebels gansxvavebulisadmi<br />

SiSi warmoadgens. es<br />

`sxvebi~, visTanac urTierToba<br />

da erToba gvsurs, aucileblad<br />

Cvenive msgavsad unda<br />

fiqrobdnen da cxovrobdnen.<br />

vinc gansxvavebulia Tavisi<br />

garegnobiT, socialuri statusiT,<br />

rwmena-warmodgenebiT<br />

an moraluri xedviT, uaryofilia<br />

swored am gansxvavebulobis<br />

gamo, Tundac rom es<br />

garemoeba ar warmoadgendes<br />

araviTar saSiSroebas. roca<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

85<br />

solidaroba<br />

gansxvaveba winaaRmdegobad<br />

iqceva, aq ukve namdvili<br />

erTobis miRweva erTaderTi<br />

gamosavalia mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebisuzrunvelsayofad.<br />

es ukanaskneli ki arsebobas<br />

agrZelebs manam, sanam<br />

ormxrivi interesi arsebobs.<br />

rogorc ki ormxrivi daintereseba<br />

qreba, mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobac<br />

advilad gadadis<br />

konfliqtsa Tu konfrontaciaSi.<br />

sxva sityvebiT, adamianebi<br />

Tavisive msgavs adamianebTan<br />

amjobineben urTier-<br />

Tobas da imadroulad antipaTiurad<br />

arian ganwyobilni<br />

sxvebisadmi maTi gansxvavebulobis<br />

gamo. `sxva~ Cveni megobari<br />

xdeba mxolod im zomiT, ra<br />

zomiTac igi ar uqmnis diskomforts<br />

Cvens privatul<br />

sferos da xels uwyobs Cvens<br />

individualur bednierebas.<br />

SesaZlebelia Tu ara kacobriobisaTvis<br />

am paTologiuri<br />

mdgomareobis daZleva? gansxvavebulobisa<br />

da erTobis erTmaneTSi<br />

morigeba mxolod<br />

moraluri problema rodia.<br />

misi, rogorc dacemuli samyaros<br />

fenomenis, daZleva SesaZlebelia<br />

`axali SobiT~, qristianuli<br />

egzistenciiT, romlis<br />

saSualebiTac xorcieldeba<br />

adamianebis Serigeba arsobrivad<br />

gansxvavebul arsebasTan<br />

(RmerTTan. _ mTargm.).<br />

Tumca es Teologiuri WeSmariteba<br />

ar warmoadgens eklesiisTvis<br />

gamarTlebas politikuri<br />

pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan<br />

acilebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

rac Semarigebeli saSualeba<br />

unda iyos am fragmentirebad<br />

da konfliqtur samyaroSi.<br />

ufro zustad ki, igi gamudmebiT<br />

gvaxsenebs, rom istoriis<br />

manZilze rogorc Tavad

#1(28)<br />

eklesia, aseve danarCeni samyaro,<br />

gansxvavebulobis winaaRmdegobad<br />

gardaqmnis mudmivi<br />

riskis winaSe imyofeba.<br />

Cven, qristianebs, SegviZlia<br />

mniSvnelovani xedvis SemoTavazeba<br />

imis Taobaze, Tu rogor<br />

unda gvesmodes gansxvavebulTa<br />

urTierTmorigeba<br />

erTobis saSualebiT: erTianoba<br />

mravalferovnebaSi damaxasiaTebelia<br />

TviT sameba<br />

RmerTisTvis. ieso uyoymanod<br />

urTierTobda radikalurad<br />

gansxvavebul individebTan:<br />

mwignobrebTan, mebaJeebTan,<br />

vaWrebTan, meZavebTan da sxv.<br />

gansxvavebulobis aRiareba<br />

aucilebeli pirobaa namdvili<br />

erTobisTvis. swored amgvar<br />

erTobaSi arsebuli urTierTobebiT<br />

aris SesaZlebeli<br />

`sxvaTa~ gageba. erToba ubralod<br />

wyvets Tavis arsebobas,<br />

rodesac yoveli gansxvavebuloba<br />

igiveobamde daiyvaneba.<br />

RvTis maradiuli Zis ganxorcieleba<br />

da misi amqveyniuri<br />

msaxureba gvicxadebs, Tu rogori<br />

siyvaruliT urTier-<br />

Tobs igi mTel samyarosTan<br />

mis mravalferovnebaSi. qriste,<br />

Tavisi amqveyniuri msaxurebis<br />

dros, yvela adamians<br />

uziarebda RvTaebrivi siyvarulis<br />

gardamqmnel Zalas.<br />

igi kurnavda maT yovelgvar<br />

sisustes da cdilobda gardaeqmna<br />

isini im arsebebad, ra<br />

arsebebad yofnisTvisac<br />

iyvnen mowodebulni.<br />

eklesiis<br />

sajaro diskursi<br />

qristianul eklesiaTa politikuri<br />

argumentebi saxa-<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

rebiseul uwyebebs unda efuZnebodes<br />

da imgvarad unda<br />

warmovadginoT, rom misaRebi<br />

iyos eklesiis arawevri sazogadoebebisTvisac.<br />

amasTanave<br />

eklesiis sajaro argumentebi<br />

srulad unda eTanxmebodes<br />

im standartebs, romelTa meSveobiTac<br />

eklesiis Sida cxovreba<br />

regulirdeba, da rodesac<br />

religiuri gaerTianeba<br />

gamodis sakuTari sazRvrebidan,<br />

mas SeuZlia sajaro sivrceSi<br />

politikuri normebis<br />

Sesabamisad moqmedeba saku-<br />

Tari moraluri standartebis<br />

Ralatis gareSe. qristianuli<br />

rwmenis transcendentur<br />

ganzomilebas SeuZlia<br />

imoqmedos Caketili sistemebisa<br />

da ideologiebis winaaRmdeg,<br />

romlebic aferxeben<br />

Tavisufal azrovnebasa da<br />

cxovrebas. igi aseve seriozuli<br />

gamowvevis winaSe ayenebs<br />

nebismieri socialuri sistemis<br />

absolutur moTxovnebs,<br />

icavs adamianur Semoqmedebas<br />

socialuri inertulobisagan<br />

da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas<br />

nergavs sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi. amgvari tendenciebis<br />

ganviTareba sajaro<br />

sivrceSi SesaZlebelia saxarebiseuli<br />

narativebis saSualebiT,<br />

sazogadoebisaTvis<br />

maTi mniSvnelobis ganmartebiT<br />

dialogur reJimSi.<br />

sazogadoebasTan dialogis<br />

xarisxi damokidebulia ara<br />

mxolod naTel mizanze, aramed<br />

TviT Tanamosaubreebzec,<br />

romlebic srulad da akuratulad<br />

informirebulni unda<br />

iyvnen mocemul sakiTxTan<br />

dakavSirebuli argumentebisa<br />

da faqtebis Taobaze. sanam<br />

mxareebi diskusias daiwyeb-<br />

86<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

dnen, isini aucileblad unda<br />

aRiWurvon urTierTgagebis<br />

unariT an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi,<br />

dialogis procesSi<br />

mainc unda SeiZinon igi. ur-<br />

TierTpativiscema da urTierTgagebis<br />

unari dialogis<br />

aucilebeli winapirobebia.<br />

rogorc devid Treisi aRniSnavs:<br />

`dialogs sakmaod<br />

mkacri wesebi aqvs: Tqvi mxolod<br />

is, rasac gulisxmob;<br />

gamoTqvi igi maqsimalurad<br />

akuratulad; gulisyuriT<br />

mousmine da pativi eci gansxvavebul<br />

Sexedulebas; mzad<br />

iyavi sakuTari Sexedulebis<br />

dasacavad an mis Sesasworeblad,<br />

Tuki igi gamowvevis winaSe<br />

daayena Tanamosaubrem;<br />

mzad iyavi Sesadaveblad, roca<br />

amis saWiroeba arsebobs,<br />

magram daTme pozicia, Tuki<br />

sawinaaRmdego mtkicebulebebs<br />

warmogidgenen~.<br />

amgvari diskusia (Cvens Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi rogorc eklesiis monawileobis<br />

saSualeba sazogadoebriv<br />

debatebSi) gulisxmobs,<br />

rom eklesia iRebs<br />

gamowvevas sakuTari moraluri<br />

Sexedulebebis xelaxali<br />

formulirebisa da, ufro<br />

metic, maTi Semdgomi ganvi-<br />

Tarebis Taobaze; eklesiis<br />

daniSnuleba marto is ki ar<br />

aris, rom Tavad cxovrobdes<br />

saxarebiseuli suliskveTebiT,<br />

aramed _ isic, rom danarCen<br />

samyarosac auwyos igi<br />

masTan komunikaciis meSveobiT.<br />

SesaZlebelia marTlmadidebluri<br />

moraluri xedvis<br />

ganviTarebis warmodgena<br />

qristianuli rwmenis sxvadasxvagvari<br />

aRqmis SeTvisebiT.<br />

es mravalferovneba SeiZleba<br />

asaxavdes zogadi isto-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

iuli mdgomareobis sxvadasxvagvar<br />

gagebas an morwmune-<br />

Ta arCevans: qristianuli<br />

rwmenis sxvadasxva elements<br />

miusadagon romelime konkretuli<br />

mdgomareoba.<br />

Cemi azriT, amgvari saxis<br />

pluralizmi gardauvalia.<br />

Tumca arsebobs imis saSiSroebac,<br />

rom aseTi pluralizmi<br />

SfoTis wyaro gaxdes eklesiis<br />

moralur xedvasTan mimar-<br />

TebaSi. marTlmadideblur TeologiaSi<br />

Tavisufali arCevani<br />

gulisxmobs adamianis<br />

mier sakuTari rwmenis Tavisuflad<br />

gamoxatvis arCevans.<br />

ase rom, pirovnebas sruli<br />

ufleba aqvs konkretulad<br />

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli unikaluri<br />

xedvisa Tu moqmedebis<br />

Tavisuflebisa. amgvari<br />

moraluri pluralizmis parametrebi<br />

dadgenilia qristianuli<br />

eklesiis erTiani<br />

rwmeniT, misi zogadi eTosiT.<br />

warsulSi, Cveulebriv, miiCneoda,<br />

rom eklesias magisterialurad<br />

(anu yvelasaTvis<br />

savaldebulo wesiT. _ mTargm.)<br />

unda gamoeTqva sakuTari<br />

pozicia socialur sakiTxebze.<br />

magram dRes, Cemi azriT,<br />

eklesiam mTeli Tavisi Zalisxmeva<br />

iqiTken unda mimarTos,<br />

rom sakuTar wevrebs daexmaros<br />

ganaviTaron moraluri<br />

xedva da ipovon gzebi, erTi<br />

mxriv, sarwmunoebrivi Sexedulebebisa<br />

da, meore mxriv,<br />

maTi praqtikulad ganxorcielebis<br />

saSualebaTa erTmaneTTan<br />

dasakavSireblad.<br />

eklesia ver miiRebs monawileobas<br />

sajaro diskusiebSi,<br />

Tuki igi Tavis specifikur<br />

msoflmxedvelobas gadmos-<br />

cems raRac ezoTeruli da<br />

bundovani eniT. eklesia maqsimalur<br />

yuradRebas unda aqcevdes<br />

sazogadoebis guliscemas.<br />

argumenti mxolod ma-<br />

Sin iqneba gasagebi da misaRebi,<br />

rodesac sxvebi, romlebsac<br />

ar esmiT saeklesio enis<br />

specifikuroba, SeZleben misi<br />

racionalurobis aRiarebas<br />

da misi sargeblianobis danaxvas<br />

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis<br />

ama Tu im sferosTvis.<br />

monologebis seria, gadmocemuli<br />

mxolod TeologebisTvis<br />

gasagebi eniT, yovlad<br />

usargebloa, gansakuTrebiT<br />

maSin, Tu maTi winapirobebic<br />

imgvaria, romlebsac ar iziareben<br />

sazogadoebis calkeuli<br />

wevrebi Tu institutebi.<br />

amrigad, eklesia sabolood<br />

uunaro aRmoCndeba gauziaros<br />

sazogadoebas Tavisi unikaluri<br />

xedvebi, TviT demokratiul<br />

garemoSic ki.<br />

dialogis process araviTari<br />

efeqti ar eqneba, Tu igi tolerantobis<br />

suliT ar ganimsWvaleba.<br />

pluralisturi sazogadoebis<br />

cxovreba yovel-<br />

Tvis moculia uTanxmoebebiT<br />

sajaro mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze<br />

msjelobisas. Tu adamianebi<br />

ar gamoimuSaveben gansxvavebebiT<br />

gamowveuli uTanxmoebebis<br />

konstruqciuli<br />

gzebiT mogvarebisa da mSvidobiani<br />

Tanacxovrebis unars,<br />

maSin es uTanxmoebebi SeiZleba<br />

Zaladobrivi konfliqtis<br />

wyaro gaxdes. tolerantoba<br />

adamianis Sinagani Tvisebaa,<br />

romelic pluralistulma sazogadoebam<br />

TiToeul mis moqalaqeSi<br />

unda aRzardos da<br />

ganamtkicos. dialogi yovlad<br />

SeuZlebelia, Tuki mosaubre<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

87<br />

solidaroba<br />

ar aris tolerantulad ganwyobili,<br />

Tuki mas ar surs im<br />

SesaZleblobis aRiareba, rom<br />

sxvas Tavisi `gansxvavebulobiT~<br />

aqvs potenciali gaafar-<br />

Toos da gaamdidros realobis<br />

miseuli aRqma. saWiroa<br />

adamianebma iseTive Sefaseba<br />

da pativiscema gamoxaton maT<br />

mimarT, visac ar eTanxmebian,<br />

rogor Sefasebasa da pativiscemasac<br />

Tavad moelian sxvebisagan.<br />

amgvari tolerantoba<br />

da pativiscema ar unda avurioT<br />

relativizmSi, romelic<br />

sworisa da mcdaris, WeSmaritisa<br />

da yalbis, keTilisa da<br />

borotis erTmaneTisgan gar-<br />

Cevis uaryofas warmoadgens.<br />

piriqiT, swored tolerantoba<br />

iZleva amgvari msjelobis<br />

SesaZleblobas.<br />

ar unda gvqondes imis iluzia,<br />

rom demokratiul sazogadoebaSi<br />

yovelTvis SesaZlebelia<br />

yvela sakiTxze dialogis<br />

saSualebiT Tanxmobis<br />

miRweva. arsebobs garkveuli<br />

situaciebi, romlebic arasodes<br />

ar iqnebian Sewynarebulni<br />

ama Tu im religiuri<br />

jgufis mier. sarwmunoebrivi<br />

Sexedulebebi, romlebic religiuri<br />

adamianebis identobas<br />

gansazRvravs, SesaZloa<br />

Rrma konfliqtSic aRmoCndes<br />

romelime konkretul sakiTxTan<br />

dakavSirebiT miRweul<br />

SeTanxmebasTan liberalurdemokratiul<br />

saxelmwifoSi.<br />

amitom am adamianebis sindisma<br />

SeiZleba protestis gamoxatva<br />

moiTxovos da es protesti<br />

mravali formiT gamovlindes,<br />

dawyebuli ukmayofilebis<br />

gamoxatviT, damTavrebuli<br />

aqtiuri samoqalaqo daumorCileblobiT.<br />

protestis

#1(28)<br />

gamoxatva adamianis fundamenturi<br />

uflebaa, romelsac liberalur-demokratiulisaxelmwifo<br />

Tavis TiToeul<br />

moqalaqes aniWebs. magram es<br />

adamianebi ar Tavisufldebian<br />

pasuxismgeblobisgan, rom<br />

moralis farglebSi gamoxaton<br />

sakuTari protesti. am<br />

procesSi adamianuri Rirsebebis<br />

dakargva eWvis qveS ayenebs<br />

swored im sindisis moralur<br />

sijansaRes, romelic<br />

impulss aZlevs protestis<br />

amgvari formiT gamoxatvas.<br />

vadastureb ra adamianebis<br />

mier protestis gamoxatvis<br />

uflebis legitimurobas,<br />

msurs mivuTiTo im kriteriumebze,<br />

romelTa gamoyenebac<br />

pluralistul saxelmwifoSi<br />

moqalaqeebs daexmareba imis<br />

gamosarkvevad, unda gaiziaron<br />

Tu ara amgvari protesti. SesaZloa<br />

maT gadaafason kidec<br />

sakuTari ganwyobisa da qcevis<br />

marTebuloba (aq avtori<br />

unda gulisxmobdes religiur<br />

fundamentalistTa survils,<br />

saxelmwifo doneze iqnas gatarebuli<br />

maTi konkretuli<br />

moTxovnebi `gansxvavebuli~<br />

tendenciebis Seviwroebasa Tu<br />

akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT. _<br />

mTargm.). Zaladobrivi politikuri<br />

strategiis danergva<br />

arcTu ise gonivruli saqcielia.<br />

adamianebi ar arian aR-<br />

Wurvilni ucdomelobis TvisebiT.<br />

rogorc istoria gviCvenebs,<br />

zogierTi moraluri<br />

msjeloba, romelic Zaladobrivad<br />

iqna Tavsmoxveuli, sabolood<br />

mcdari an zedmetad<br />

damTrgunveli aRmoCnda. amitom<br />

saWiroa miviRoT pluralizmis<br />

pozitiuri gageba, rogorc<br />

mkacri gafrTxileba<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

sxvadasxva arCevanisa da cxovrebis<br />

gansxvavebuli wesis<br />

dagmobis tendenciis winaaRmdeg.<br />

sakuTari Sexedulebebis<br />

sxvebisaTvis Tavs moxvevis<br />

mizniT politikuri Zalauflebis<br />

gamouyenebloba Cvensave<br />

interesebSi unda Sediodes,<br />

radgan politikuri Zalauflebis<br />

balansis cvlilebis<br />

dros SesaZloa kardinalurad<br />

gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis<br />

mqone jgufma<br />

Caigdos xelSi saxelmwifo<br />

aparatze kontroli. garda<br />

amisa, iZuleba iwvevs ukidures<br />

gaRizianebasa da aRSfo-<br />

Tebas, sazogadoebisgan gaucxoebas,<br />

saxelisuflebo struqturebisadmi<br />

pativiscemis<br />

Sesustebas da mraval eWvs<br />

badebs politikuri liderebis<br />

ganzraxvebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

inglisuridan Targmna<br />

daviT TinikaSvilma<br />

wignidan: Emmanuel Clapsis.<br />

Orthodoxy in conversation.<br />

WCC Publications, Geneva, 2000<br />

88<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

eklesiisa<br />

iRumeni petre meSCerinovi<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

89<br />

solidaroba<br />

da saxelmwifos<br />

TanamSromlobis<br />

Sesaxeb<br />

1.<br />

zafxulis damdegs momeca Sem-<br />

Txveva bavSvTa da axalgazrdobis<br />

sulieri ganviTarebis<br />

sapatriarqo centris warmomadgeneli<br />

vyofiliyavi saxelmwifo<br />

dumaSi. demografiis<br />

sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnil<br />

`mrgval magidaze~ ruseTis<br />

yvela kuTxidan Camosulma<br />

kompetenturma, dainteresebulma<br />

Tu gulSematkivarma<br />

adamianma warmoadgina savalalo<br />

statistika da ramdenime<br />

mosazreba, Tu ra unda<br />

gveRona am sferoSi Seqmnili<br />

katastrofuli viTarebis gamosasworeblad.<br />

diskusiis<br />

dros ori ZiriTadi Tvalsazrisi<br />

gamoikveTa. pirvelis mixedviT,<br />

aucilebelia mraval-<br />

Svilianobis, ojaxis presti-<br />

Jis propaganda. saWiroa Tanamedrove,<br />

ojaxis sawinaaRmdego<br />

ideologiis Secvla mis-<br />

Tvis sxva, pozitiuri ideologiis<br />

dapirispirebis meSveobiT<br />

da a.S. meore Tvalsazrisi ki,<br />

romelic am striqonebis<br />

avtorma gamoTqva, SeiZleba<br />

im azramde daviyvanoT, rom<br />

adamianebi ara mxolod aCenen<br />

Svilebs, aramed mSoblebs<br />

Svilebis aRzrdisa da yovelmxrivi<br />

uzrunvelyofis valdebulebac<br />

aqvT. amasTan SedarebiT<br />

demografiul problemas,<br />

garkveuli azriT, meoreuli<br />

mniSvneloba eniWeba, vinaidan<br />

igi zogadad ojaxis<br />

arastabilurobis problemidan<br />

gamomdinareobs. bevri<br />

Svilis gaCenis survilis<br />

uqonloba didwilad saxelmwifo<br />

mxardaWeris ararsebobiTa<br />

da Svilebis momavalTan<br />

dakavSirebuli SiSiT aris<br />

ganpirobebuli. es SiSi ki im<br />

e. w. reformebis gamo Cndeba,<br />

romlebic ganaTlebisa da jandacvis<br />

komercializacias da<br />

mraval sxva siaxles gulisxmobs.<br />

garda amisa, istoriuli<br />

mexsierebis ZaliT, Cvens qveyanaSi<br />

veranairi ideologia<br />

qmediTi ver iqneba, Tuki igi<br />

konkretuli saqmeebiT ar iqna<br />

ganmtkicebuli. Tuki adamianebs<br />

mxolod da mxolod<br />

movuwodebT: gaaCineT Svilebi!<br />

ojaxi `magaria!~ (avtori aq<br />

rusul Jargons iyenebs. _<br />

mTargm.), magram xels ar Sevuw-

#1(28)<br />

yobT am mowodebas gaazrebuli<br />

socialuri politikiT, maSin<br />

propaganda sawinaaRmdego Sedegs<br />

gamoiRebs. garda amisa,<br />

saxelmwifo duma swored is dawesebulebaa,<br />

romelic mowodebulia<br />

gadawyvitos socialuri<br />

problemebi da realuri<br />

SesaZleblobac aqvs saamisod.<br />

`mrgval magidaze~ warmodgenili<br />

iyo mesame Tvalsazrisic,<br />

romelic erTma mRvdelma gamoTqva.<br />

man Tavisi gamosvla<br />

Semdegnairad daiwyo: `samwuxarod,<br />

eklesia CvenTan jer<br />

kidev gamoyofilia saxelmwifosgan...~<br />

auditoria ukmayofilod<br />

SeiSmuSna. (yvelaze<br />

naklebad visurvebdi, rom<br />

mkiTxvelma es striqonebi Cemi<br />

TanamoZmis _ marTlac Rirseuli<br />

moZRvrisa da brwyinvale<br />

adamianis kicxvad aRiqvas. me<br />

mxolod azrTa wyobaze, gamoTqmul<br />

poziciaze vsaubrob).<br />

Semdeg moZRvarma biblia daimowma,<br />

romelic gveubneba,<br />

rom ojaxi kargia. man imis<br />

Sesaxebac isaubra, rom eklesias<br />

SeuZlia demografiuli<br />

problemebis gadaWra. `gamocdileba<br />

gviCvenebs, rom<br />

Tuki eklesias uSveben, magali-<br />

Tad, cixeebSi, iq ukeTesi disciplina<br />

myardeba; jarSi iklebs<br />

`dedovSCina~; skolebSi<br />

bavSebi naklebad celqoben...~<br />

magram, miuxedavad amisa, eklesias,<br />

samRvdeloebis warmomadgenelTa<br />

saxiT, arsad ar<br />

`uSveben~ da swored es aris<br />

borotebis mizezi. problemis<br />

gadawyveta gulisxmobs samRvdeloebis<br />

daSvebas skoleb-<br />

Si, sabavSvo dawesebulebebSi<br />

da saerTod yvelgan, _ ganacxada<br />

man da Tavisi gamosvla<br />

ase daasrula: `arcTu ise<br />

didi xnis win ruseTis erTerT<br />

qalaqSi eklesiam specialuri<br />

propagandistuli kampania<br />

awarmoa, ris Sedegadac<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

Sobadoba iq maSinve gaizarda~.<br />

sxdomaze damswre deputatma,<br />

romelic mRvdlis mier dasaxelebuli<br />

qalaqidan gaxldaT,<br />

sakmaod xmamaRla gamoxata<br />

Tavisi daeWveba am informaciasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, xolo<br />

Cem gverdiT mjdomi Cinovniki<br />

ganaTlebis saministrodan<br />

(Cven mTeli `mrgvali magidis~<br />

msvlelobisas erTmaneTs replikebs<br />

vucvlidiT) Cems mxar-<br />

Tan daixara da miTxra: `ese<br />

igi, yvelgan unda SegiSvaT...~<br />

sasuliero pirs Tavazianad mousmines,<br />

madloba gadauxades<br />

da diskusia kvlav gagrZelda<br />

pirvel da meore Tvalsazris-<br />

Ta gamo. mesame Tvalsazrisma<br />

msjelobaze gavlena ver iqonia,<br />

Tumca `mrgvali magidis~<br />

bevri monawile eklesiisa da<br />

saxelmwifos TanamSromlobis<br />

mniSvnelobaze saubrobda.<br />

sxdomis damTavrebis Semdeg<br />

Cemma mezobelma Tavisi pozicia<br />

aseTi sityvebiT ganmimarta:<br />

`Tavis droze me ganaTlebis<br />

saministros saolqo<br />

departamentis raionuli<br />

sammarTvelos xelmZRvaneli<br />

gaxldiT. gadavwyviteT skolebSi<br />

Segvetana sagani `marTlmadidebluri<br />

kulturis<br />

safuZvlebi~. survili gamiCnda<br />

am gakveTils davswrebodi<br />

da skolisken gavemarTe. gakveTili<br />

meeqvse klasSi tardeboda.<br />

naxevari gakveTilis<br />

ganmavlobaSi mRvdeli bavSvebs<br />

imis Sesaxeb uyveboda...<br />

ra hqvia amas TqvenTan... ai,<br />

gardacvalebis Semdeg rom<br />

aris...~ `sazvereebi~, _ mivaSvele<br />

me sityva. `diax, sazvereebis<br />

Sesaxeb. Semdeg igi ratomRac<br />

mowameobrivad aRsrulebul<br />

mefe nikolozze<br />

gadavida da imis mtkicebas<br />

mohyva, rom Cven aucileblad<br />

unda aRvadginoT TviTmpyro-<br />

90<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

beloba, radgan mxolod es gadaarCens<br />

ruseTs. gakveTilis<br />

bolos ki ganacxada, rom aucilebelia<br />

davupirispirdeT<br />

globalizacias, risTvisac<br />

gogonebma grZeli kabebiTa<br />

da TavsafrebiT unda iaron.<br />

amis Semdeg gankarguleba gaveci,<br />

rom Cemi raionis arcerT<br />

skolaSi mRvdels ar Semoedga<br />

fexi... me, ra Tqma unda,<br />

mwams RmerTi da araferi maqvs<br />

eklesiis sawinaaRmdego, magram,<br />

mapatieT da, samRvdeloebis<br />

winaaRmdegi var. Tqven<br />

yvelafers moiTxovT, magram<br />

risi mocema SegiZliaT sanacvlod?<br />

TqvenTan saqmis daWera<br />

xaTabalaa, _ TiTqos isev<br />

me-19 saukuneSi xarT...~<br />

saxelmwifo dumidan monasterSi<br />

vbrundebodi da Tan Cemi<br />

yurisTvis usiamovnod mosasmen<br />

am sityvebze vfiqrobdi...<br />

magram maT uaryofas verafriT<br />

vaxerxebdi. am movlenis<br />

Semdeg piradad davrwmundi<br />

imaSi, rom Cinovnikebi,<br />

romlebic eklesias arsad ar<br />

`uSveben~, sulac ar iqcevian<br />

ase boroti ganzraxviT, da<br />

rom isini arc `msoflio SeTqmulTa<br />

mier mosyiduli~ adamianebi<br />

arian. maT gulwrfelad<br />

surT Cvens qveyanaSi mdgomareobis<br />

gamosworebisa da<br />

gaumjobesebis xelSewyoba,<br />

magram, miuxedavad eklesiis<br />

mimarT mowiwebisa, didi survili<br />

ar aqvT mis warmomadgenlebTan,<br />

_ CvenTan,<br />

mRvdlebTan, _ iurTierTon.<br />

rogorc Cans, maT amis realuri<br />

safuZvelic aqvT... modiT,<br />

ganvixiloT ra safuZvelia es.<br />

2.<br />

pirveli, ris Sesaxebac mogviwevs<br />

saubari, es aris erTgvari<br />

`klerikalizmi~. eklesiac<br />

da saxelmwifoc soli-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

darulni arian im mosazreba-<br />

Si, rom sazogadoebrivi sike-<br />

Tis sisavsisaTvis eklesiis<br />

gamocdileba mniSvnelovani da<br />

saWiroa. magram Cinovnikebs<br />

umravles SemTxvevaSi sasuliero<br />

pirebTan uwevT urTierToba<br />

da arcTu ise iSviaTad<br />

Cndeba SekiTxva: gamovxatavT<br />

da gadmovcemT ki Cven, klerikosebi,<br />

eklesiis gamocdilebas<br />

saTanadod? vakvirdebi<br />

ra Tanamedrove saeklesio<br />

cxovrebas, mivdivar daskvnamde,<br />

rom xSirad eklesiis<br />

gamocdileba Canacvlebulia<br />

ama Tu im konkretuli<br />

mRvdelmsaxuris gamocdilebiT.<br />

es ki, samwuxarod, yovelTvis<br />

erTi da igive ar aris.<br />

samRvdeloeba (ra Tqma unda,<br />

yvela klerikoss ar vgulisxmob;<br />

samwuxarod, Cveni wodebis<br />

ramdenime warmomadgenelic<br />

ki sakmarisia imisaTvis,<br />

rom qvemoT gadmocemuli STabeWdileba<br />

Camoyalibdes)<br />

cxovrobs sruliad gansakuTrebul<br />

pirobebSi. xeldasxmas,<br />

sasuliero pirad kurTxevas,<br />

adamiani gadahyavs TviTSefasebisa<br />

da samyarosadmi damokidebulebis<br />

sruliad gansxvavebul<br />

sibrtyeSi; samwuxarod,<br />

yvela sasuliero piri<br />

ver iTvaliswinebs amas. Cven<br />

SeveCvieT adamianebisadmi<br />

mimarTvas `zemodan~: yurad-<br />

RebiT unda gvismendnen, xelze<br />

unda gvkocnidnen, adamianTa<br />

sazogadoebaSi yovelTvis<br />

pirvelebi unda viyoT. Cven<br />

yvelafris Tqma SegviZlia,<br />

rac TavSi mogviva, sxvebma ki<br />

Tavis daqneviT unda gvipasuxon:<br />

`marTalia, mamao!~ an<br />

(amooxvriT): `ase Tqva moZRvarma~.<br />

Cven Zalian xSirad<br />

vfiqrobT, rom sasuliero<br />

wodeba kompetenturobas<br />

gvaniWebs yvela sferoSi, ris<br />

gamoc sakuTar Tavs uflebas<br />

vaZlevT, rom darwmunebiT da<br />

rixiT visaubroT im sakiTxebze,<br />

romelTa Sesaxeb warmodgenac<br />

ki ar gvaqvs. aseve metyvelebisas,<br />

gansakuTrebiT<br />

iq, sadac es xSirad sruliad<br />

uadgiloa, viyenebT gansakuTrebul<br />

leqsikas: `kurTxevas<br />

gaZlev~ (saero eniT es niSnavs:<br />

nebarTvas an davalebas<br />

gaZlev. _ mTargm.), `ar gaZlev<br />

kurTxevas~, `morCileba<br />

iqonie~, `Tavi daimdable~ da<br />

a.S. Cven yvelas `SenobiT~ vesaubrebiT,<br />

maT Soris im adamianebsac,<br />

romlebic Cvenze<br />

bevrad asakovanni arian. aseve,<br />

gulwrfelad vfiqrobT,<br />

rom yvela valdebulia pativs<br />

mogvagebdes, miCveulni varT<br />

Cveni sityvebisa da gankargulebebis<br />

usityvo morCilebas.<br />

yovelive amis gamo mravali<br />

Cvengani Tamamdeba, viwyebT<br />

adamianebiT manipulirebas,<br />

vfiqrobT, rom mrevli Cveni<br />

movalea, arcTu ise iSviaTad,<br />

materialuri gagebiTac... yovelive<br />

es xdeba Cvens viwro<br />

saeklesio wreSi da amgvari<br />

ram SesaZlebelia swored imitom,<br />

rom mraval eklesiur<br />

adamians eklesiisadmi mowiweba,<br />

zogadad saeklesio wodebisadmi<br />

mokrZaleba Tavad am<br />

wodebis matarebelze, Cvenze<br />

gadmoaqvs (rasac xSirad Cven<br />

TviTon STavagonebT maT), miuxedavad<br />

Cveni zneobrivi<br />

mdgomareobisa. wm. Teofane<br />

dayudebuli werda, rom moZ-<br />

Rvari bevrs da didxans unda<br />

muSaobdes sakuTar Tavze,<br />

raTa man adamianebSi ndoba,<br />

pativiscema da wona moipovos,<br />

amis miRweva ki avtomaturad,<br />

mxolod sasuliero<br />

wodebis miRebiT, SeuZlebelia.<br />

bevr klerikoss aviwydeba es.<br />

xSirad Cven sikeTis, taqtis,<br />

delikaturobis, zrdilobianobis,<br />

adamianebisadmi pativiscemisa<br />

da maTi problemebis<br />

gaTavisebis unaris nacv-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

91<br />

solidaroba<br />

lad sruliad sxva Tvisebebs<br />

vavlenT. yovelive amis gamo<br />

xSirad `amovardnilni varT<br />

realobidan~. araerTxel SemimCnevia,<br />

rom mraval<br />

mRvdels mxolod eklesiur<br />

adamianebTan urTierToba<br />

SeuZlia, xolo `gareSeebTan~<br />

(araeklesiur adamianebTan. _<br />

mTargm.) urTierTobis unari<br />

saerTod ar gaaCnia... es ukanasknelni<br />

aseT sasuliero<br />

pirTan saubris Semdeg gakvirvebulni<br />

brundebian ukan.<br />

aseTia realuri suraTi.<br />

is, rac viwro saeklesio sivrceSi<br />

xdeba, sruliad uadgiloa<br />

danarCen sazogadoebaSi.<br />

Cinovnikebi, ZiriTadad, araeklesiuri<br />

adamianebi arian,<br />

romlebmac ar ician yvela Cveni<br />

`ileTi~. isini sulac ar<br />

arian valdebulni pativiscemiT<br />

gvepyrobodnen da gvemor-<br />

Cilebodnen. isini CvenSi xedaven<br />

ara (maTTvis gaugebari)<br />

wodebis matarebel ierarqs,<br />

aramed sakuTar TavTan mimar-<br />

TebaSi sruliad Tanaswor adamians,<br />

sakuTar sferoSi pasuxismgebel<br />

da kompetentur specialists.<br />

magram, rogorc Cans,<br />

Cven xSirad sruliad ar SevesabamebiT<br />

am warmodgenas. gana<br />

Cveni pirovnebis mixedviT ar<br />

msjeloben eklesiaze da Tan<br />

ara mxolod kerZo pirebi, aramed<br />

adamianebi, romlebzec mar-<br />

Tlac Zalian bevri ram aris damokidebuli?<br />

sakmarisia erTi<br />

mRvdelic ki, romelmac ar icis<br />

ris Sesaxeb da rogor isaubros<br />

Tanamedrove bavSvebTan, rom<br />

mTeli raionis skolebi `marTlmadidebluri<br />

kulturis safuZvlebis~<br />

gareSe darCes.<br />

Cveni, klerikosebis, saxiT<br />

eklesia xSirad warmodgenilia<br />

ucnaur dawesebulebad, romlis<br />

winaSec Cinovnikebi `mwyobrSi<br />

unda Cadgnen~ da `Sesawi-

#1(28)<br />

ri gaiRon~. mwyobrSi Cadgoma<br />

maT ar surT, Cven ki maSinve<br />

maT kicxvas viwyebT: es Cinovnikebi<br />

ar gvafaseben, eklesias<br />

ar `uSveben~, CvenTan saqmis<br />

daWera ar surT... magram<br />

saWiroa ara `klerikaluri~,<br />

aramed normaluri, adamianuri<br />

kuTxiT SevxedoT am mdgomareobas:<br />

ratom ar surT?<br />

swored imitom, rom Cvens<br />

droSi sakmarisi aRar aris<br />

mxolod mivekuTvnebodeT<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias da<br />

amis gamo viTxovdeT sxvebisgan<br />

rames, dRes saWiroa saqmeebiT<br />

davamtkicoT sakuTari<br />

aRmsareblobis Rirseba da<br />

amgvarad SevesabamebodeT mas.<br />

vinaidan Cven marTlac gvsurs<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba<br />

Cvens TanamemamuleTa<br />

sasikeTod (da ara imitom,<br />

rom vinmes `fuli davayrevinoT~,<br />

gavdevnoT protestantebi<br />

an sakuTari viwro partiuli<br />

problemebi movagvaroT),<br />

amisTvis Cinovnikebis<br />

lanZRva ki ara, sakuTari Tavis<br />

gverdidan yurebaa saWiroa,<br />

dasawyisisTvis, ubralod,<br />

adekvatur adamianad<br />

gadaqceva, romelic naTlad<br />

acnobierebs sakuTari kompetenciis<br />

sazRvrebs.<br />

amas rom mivaRwevT, mere, pirvel<br />

yovlisa, Cvenive pirovneba<br />

unda ganvmsWvaloT qristianuli<br />

swavlebiT, wesiere-<br />

92<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

bisa da kulturulobis nimu-<br />

Sad gadaviqceT da mxolod<br />

amis Semdeg (da mxolod im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, roca es uadgilo<br />

ar iqneba) movyveT `sulierebisadmi<br />

apelirebas~, daviwyoT<br />

bibliidan citatebis<br />

srola, movuwodebdeT Sesawiris<br />

gaRebisaken da vaswavlideT<br />

adamianebs ra aris<br />

codva da ra _ ara.<br />

3.<br />

arsebobs meore problemac, romelic<br />

xels uSlis eklesiisa<br />

da saxelmwifos nayofier TanamSromlobas.<br />

amgvari Tanam-<br />

Sromlobis sfero, ZiriTadad,<br />

socialuria. magram Cvens ek-<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

lesias dRes ara aqvs an Zalian<br />

mcire raodenobiT aqvs konceptualuri<br />

socialuri proeqtebi<br />

(aq ar vsaubrobT imaze,<br />

rom eklesiam sakuTari qmedeba<br />

Caunacvlos saxelmwifos<br />

qmedebas an Seavsos misi umoqmedoba;<br />

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs<br />

saeklesio-socialuri programebi,<br />

romlebSic sazogadoebaSi<br />

eklesiis moqmedebebia<br />

Camoyalibebuli da gawerili).<br />

Cven sruliad samarTlianad<br />

vacxadebT, rom garkveul socialur<br />

sferoebSi eklesiis<br />

gamocdileba Seucvlelia, magram<br />

mocemul etapze ar gagvaCnia<br />

ramdenadme mniSvnelovani<br />

da sistemurad damuSavebuli<br />

gegma, romelic saSualebas<br />

mogvcemda es gamocdileba<br />

warmatebiT migvesadagebina<br />

dRevandelobis realiebisTvis.<br />

amis gamo yvela Cveni ke-<br />

Tili survili deklaraciad<br />

rCeba, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi mxolod<br />

kerZo, erTjerad aqciebs<br />

Tu vaxerxebT. deklaraciebi<br />

ki, romlebsac ar axlavs<br />

kargad mofiqrebuli samoqmedo<br />

gegma da misi ganxorcielebisTvis<br />

aucilebeli saSualebebi,<br />

ori safrTxis Semcvelia:<br />

pirveli maTgani saswaulisadmi<br />

apelaciaa _ TiTqosda sakmarisi<br />

iyos mxolod samRvdeloebis<br />

SeSveba skolebSi, jar-<br />

Si da a. S., da yovelive ukeTesobisken<br />

Seicvleba. meore safrTxe<br />

ki aqedan gamomdinare<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

93<br />

solidaroba<br />

upasuxismgeblobaSi mdgomareobs.<br />

erTi nacnobi mRvdeli,<br />

romelic ruseTis erT-erTi<br />

patara qalaqis gareubanSi<br />

msaxurobs, miyveboda rogor<br />

daiwyo man ambionidan (eparqiis<br />

xelmZRvanelobisgan STagonebulma)<br />

Sobadobis zrdisken<br />

mowodebebi. msaxurebis<br />

damTavrebis Semdeg masTan<br />

erTi qali mivida da hkiTxa:<br />

`mamao, ai me ori Svili myavs.<br />

me da Cemi qmari erTad TveSi<br />

mxolod 10,000 maneTs vRebulobT<br />

da Tvidan Tvemde Zlivs<br />

gagvaqvs Tavi. ra Tqma unda,<br />

kargi iqneboda meti bavSvi<br />

gvyavdes, magram rogor Sev-<br />

ZloT maTi Senaxva? SeuZlia,<br />

magaliTad, Cvens mrevls

#1(28)<br />

TveSi Tundac 3-4 aTasi mane-<br />

Tis Segroveba Cveni ojaxisTvis?<br />

moZRvari pasuxobs: `moxarulni<br />

viqnebodiT, magram,<br />

samwuxarod, ar SegviZlia...<br />

ai, taZris saxuravidan wyali<br />

Camodis, kankelisTvisac fulia<br />

saWiro, verc imis saxsrebs<br />

vSoulob, rom komunaluri<br />

gadasaxadebis davalianeba<br />

davfaro...~ qali ekiTxeba: `albaT<br />

arc eparqias SeuZlia, ara?~<br />

mRvdelma mwared Caicina...<br />

amis Semdeg man saerTod<br />

Sewyvita am Temaze qadageba.<br />

diax, Cven eklesiis saxeliT<br />

`visvriT~ sxvadasxva mowodebebs,<br />

magram Semdeg ra? ufali<br />

Segveweva? yvela problema,<br />

materialuri da socialuri,<br />

saswaulebrivad gadawydeba?<br />

samwuxarod, eklesiaSi saswaulebi<br />

socialuri SekveTebisgan<br />

damoukideblad aResruleba<br />

da Tanac amgvar movlenebs<br />

masobrivi xasiaTi ar aqvT. yovelive<br />

amis Sedegad ki eklesia<br />

sakmaod upasuxismgeblod<br />

SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes, maT<br />

Soris Cinovnikebis TvalSi. saxelmwifo<br />

moxeleebi Cvengan<br />

realur saqmeebs elian: Semu-<br />

Savebul gegmebs, gaazrebul<br />

programebs, eseni ki ar arsebobs.<br />

Cinovnikebma ar ician Cvengan<br />

ras unda elodon, radgan,<br />

Tuki ar arsebobs naTlad SemuSavebuli<br />

koncefcia, saqme<br />

damokidebuli xdeba, ase vTqvaT,<br />

kerZo saeklesio pirebze,<br />

romlebic am saqmiT arian<br />

dakavebulni _ maT ki, TiToeul<br />

maTgans, TavSi ra mouva,<br />

erTma RmerTma uwyis. amis<br />

gamo Cinovnikebma ician, rom<br />

sxva SemTxvevaSic SesaZloa ise<br />

moxdes, rogorc es `marTlmadidebluri<br />

kulturis safuZvlebsa~<br />

da `gadamxdelTa individualur<br />

nomerTan~ (ÈÍÍ)<br />

dakavSirebiT moxda... da amjobineben<br />

aRar gariskon.<br />

Solidarität<br />

EX CATHEDRA<br />

zemoT naxsenebi socialuri<br />

programebis ararsebobidan,<br />

Tavis mxriv, ufro mniSvnelovani<br />

sakiTxi gamomdinareobs<br />

_ sistemuri moqmedebis ararseboba<br />

Tavad eklesiis SigniT.<br />

Cvens Tanamedrove saeklesio<br />

cxovrebaSi am saxis uamravi<br />

problemaa. davasaxeleb mxolod<br />

zogierTs: axalgazrdobasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli konceptualuri<br />

muSaobis, katexizaciis,<br />

qvelmoqmedebis, misionerobis<br />

da sxv. ararseboba. am<br />

sferoebSi yvelaferi enTuziastebis<br />

anabaraa mitovebuli,<br />

romlebic xSirad saeklesio<br />

struqturebisgan yovelgvari<br />

daxmarebis gareSe muSaoben.<br />

samRvdeloebis ganaTleba<br />

kritikas ver uZlebs. arc<br />

saeklesio saswavlo dawesebulebebSia<br />

swavlebis done maRali.<br />

samrevlo cxovrebaSi Zalian<br />

gavrcelebulia magizmi,<br />

berebis Tayvanismcemloba<br />

(ñòàðöåïîêëîííè÷åñòâî), SemaZrwunebeli<br />

uvicoba, xSirad isteriulobamde<br />

misuli: am mxriv<br />

sakmarisia zemoT naxseneb<br />

ÈÍÍ-Tan, `gadamxdelTa individualur<br />

nomerTan~, dakavSirebuli<br />

aJiotaJi gavixsenoT.<br />

Cven mxolod im SemTxvevaSi<br />

SevZlebT avtoritetisa da<br />

sazogadoebaze realuri gavlenis<br />

mopovebas, Tuki eklesiis<br />

sulieri da socialuri cxovrebis<br />

mTeli sisavsiT movaxdenT<br />

sakuTari Tavis realizebas.<br />

es ki SeuZlebelia zemoT<br />

naxsenebi saeklesio problemebis<br />

mogvarebis gareSe. da<br />

Tu ar daviwyebT maT mogvarebas,<br />

Cvens ganzraxvebs seriozulad<br />

aravin moekideba, radgan<br />

isini mxolod sityvebad<br />

darCeba, romlebic ukve yvelas<br />

mobezrebuli aqvs. amitom<br />

sanam moviTxovdeT, rom<br />

yvelgan `SegviSvan~, jer modiT<br />

sakuTar TavSi gavarkvioT da<br />

94<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

sakuTar wiaRSi movagvaroT<br />

mTeli wyeba problemebisa da<br />

bolos da bolos daviwyoT<br />

realuri saqmis keTeba _ Tundac<br />

jer mxolod im saSualebebisa<br />

da Zalebis gamoyenebiT,<br />

romlebic amJamad gagvaCnia.<br />

dasasrulisTvis minda aRvniSno,<br />

rom yovelive zemoTqmulis<br />

gamo ar minda vinmem daaskvnas,<br />

TiTqos eklesiisa da<br />

saxelmwifos TanamSromlobis<br />

winaaRmdegi var an im azrs<br />

viziareb, rom amgvari TanamSromloba<br />

ganusazRvreli vadiT<br />

unda gadaidos, im droisaTvis,<br />

rodesac Cvens eklesiaSi<br />

yvelaferi brwyinvaled<br />

iqneba. me araTu winaaRmdegi<br />

var, aramed orive xeliT mxars<br />

vuWer amgvar TanamSromlobas<br />

swored axla, Zvirfasi drois<br />

dakargvis gareSe. sazogadoebas<br />

sWirdeba eklesia, radgan,<br />

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aris<br />

sferoebi, sadac misi gamocdileba<br />

Seucvlelia da prioritetuli.<br />

da saerTod, sad<br />

unda iyos ufro mtkiced da<br />

daumaxinjeblad Semonaxuli<br />

adamianuri da sazogadoebrivi<br />

faseulobebi, Tu ara qristes<br />

eklesiaSi? aseve eklesiac sa-<br />

Wiroebs saxelmwifos mxridan<br />

xelSewyobas sakuTari arsebobis<br />

garegani mxaris mosawyobad.<br />

me mxolod is msurs,<br />

rom am TanamSromlobaSi eklesia<br />

Rirseulad gamoiyurebodes,<br />

rom Cven, misi wevrebi,<br />

gansakuTrebiT sasuliero<br />

pirebi, ar vaxdendeT eklesiis<br />

diskreditacias, da minda, rom<br />

es TanamSromloba urTierTpativiscemas,kompetenturobas,<br />

profesionalizms daefuZnos<br />

da ara _ calmxriv<br />

klerikalizmsa da upasuxismgeblobas.<br />

rusulidan Targmna<br />

daviT TinikaSvilma<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

rogor viRebdi<br />

fotosamuSao, romelic saxalxo<br />

damcvelis ofisTan arsebuli<br />

tolerantobis centris<br />

da gaeros proeqtis dakveTiT<br />

Cavatare, erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

saintereso iyo Cems cxovrebaSi<br />

_ sainteresoc da, axla<br />

ukve SemiZlia vTqva, sasargebloc,<br />

radgan orive enciklopedia<br />

_ saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli<br />

religiebisa da<br />

CvenTan mcxovrebi eTnosebis<br />

Sesaxeb ukve gamovida da kargic<br />

gamovida. xolo is, rom<br />

am Sinaarsobrivad Zalian sa-<br />

Wiro wignebis gaformebaSi mec<br />

mimiZRvis garkveuli wili, kmayofilebis<br />

grZnobiT mavsebs.<br />

rodesac am samuSaos davTanxmdi,<br />

ukve vicodi, rom siamovnebiTa<br />

da gulmodginebiT gadaviRebdi<br />

fotoebs. me isedac<br />

_ grantis gareSec _ vmogzaurob<br />

da suraTebsac viReb,<br />

axla ki SemeZlo manqana dameqiravebina<br />

da proeqtisTvis<br />

saintereso yvela adgili auCqareblad<br />

Semomevlo. proeqti<br />

ki saqarTvelos mraval<br />

CemTvis saintereso kuTxesa<br />

da sayvarel adgils moicav-<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

95<br />

solidaroba<br />

gansxvavebasa<br />

da msgavsebas<br />

arCil qiqoZe<br />

da: kaxeTsa da javaxeTs, mesxeTsa<br />

da aWaras... foTSi sagangebod<br />

Cavedi staroverebis<br />

eklesiis gadasaRebad,<br />

onis sinagogisTvis ki raWaSi<br />

ar davizareT asvla.<br />

axla, roca samuSao damTavrebulia,<br />

pirvel yovlisa adamianebi<br />

maxsendeba, isini visac<br />

am xetialis dros gadaveyare<br />

da suraTebic gadavuRe. TiToeuli<br />

adamianis ukan xom misi<br />

ambavi dgas, xandaxan ki misi<br />

xalxis istoriac. erTma Jurnalistma<br />

amaswinaT mkiTxa:<br />

gvgvanan Tu ara isini Cveno?<br />

`isini~ sxva erovnebebis Svilebs<br />

gulisxmobda. ra ginda,<br />

ro upasuxo?! raRacaSi gvgvanan<br />

da raRacaSi, ra Tqma unda,<br />

ara. swored es armgvanebagansxvavebulobaa,<br />

risic ase<br />

gveSinia da vufrTxiT xolme<br />

da ramac Cemi mogzaurobebi<br />

da samuSao aseTi saintereso<br />

gaxada.<br />

ai, ramdenjer gamevlo manqaniT<br />

yvarel-lagodexis gzaze<br />

da araferi vicodi im<br />

xalxebis Sesaxeb, romelTa

#1(28)<br />

soflebsac gverdiT Cavuvlidi.<br />

odnav gadavuxvie gzidan<br />

da sul sxva samyaroSi aRmov-<br />

Cndi _ sofel TivSi avarelebis<br />

(Cveneburad lekebis) sagazafxulo<br />

dReobaze. ho, pirveli<br />

mudam es dReoba maxsendeba,<br />

radgan am xalxis Sesaxeb<br />

adre marTla araferi vicodi<br />

da yvelaferi axali iyo<br />

CemTvis.<br />

cecxlze Semodgmul uzarmazar<br />

qvabebSi simindi ixarSeboda,<br />

garSemo sazeimod Cacmuli<br />

qalebi fusfusebdnen.<br />

saxlebidan ezidebodnen tkbileulobas.<br />

kacebi cotani iyvnen.<br />

erTi biWi vicani, ufro<br />

sworad, misi iarebiT dafaruli<br />

qofaki mecno. oriode<br />

dRiT adre kabalSi navruz<br />

bairamobaze gamarTul ZaRlebis<br />

CxubSi vnaxe orive. im<br />

brZolaSi, romelic kabalis<br />

stadionze gaimarTa doRsa<br />

da Widaobas Soris, axalgazrda<br />

lekis qofaki damarcxda.<br />

roca vuTxari Seni ZaRlis<br />

Cxubi maxsovs-meTqi, biWma ma-<br />

Sinve gaxsna Subli. _ pirvelad<br />

damarcxdao, _ miTxra da momiyva,<br />

rom ZaRli mis Zmakacs<br />

oriode wlis win daRestnSi<br />

mouparavs. _ aq rogor moiyvana-meTqi,<br />

vkiTxe da mTebze<br />

gadmoatarao _ biWma eSmakurad<br />

CaiRima da Cvens Tavze wamomdgar,<br />

jer kidev TovliT<br />

dafarul (martis bolos xdeboda<br />

es ambavi) kaxeTis kavkasionisken<br />

gaaqnia Tavi. maSin<br />

mivxvdi, rom garTulebuli<br />

savizo reJimisa da Caketili,<br />

ormxrivad jariT gamagrebuli<br />

sazRvrebis miuxedavad am<br />

xalxs Tavis mTisiqaTa sam-<br />

SobloSi CasaRwevad raRac<br />

bilikebi da saidumlo gzebi<br />

mainc gamoeZebna.<br />

Solidarität<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

mere daiwyo zeimi, aTasgvari<br />

Sejibrebebi, TamaSebi da rac<br />

mTavaria _ cekva. viRacam saxlidan<br />

magnitafoni moitana<br />

da pirvelad vnaxe, Tu rogor<br />

cekvavdnen lekebi lekurs.<br />

Zalian magrad cekvavdnen,<br />

araakademiurad da lamazad.<br />

iq qalic iyo erTi (sxvanairad<br />

arc SeiZleba momxdariyo),<br />

yvelasagan gansxvavebuli, yvelaze<br />

amayi da moxdenili, cekva-TamaSSi<br />

pirveli da ramdenime<br />

Tvis mere erTma Cemma megobarma<br />

misi fotoebi rom<br />

naxa, mkiTxa _ davijero, cota<br />

mainc ar Segiyvardao... saqme<br />

is aris, rom Cemda bedad avarul<br />

dReobaze alkoholi ar<br />

hqondaT, Torem SeiZleba im<br />

qalis Semxedvares rame iseTi<br />

gamousworebeli sibriyve Camedina,<br />

rom maspinZelTa kavkasiuri<br />

stumarTmoyvareoba<br />

ucbad Secvliliyo kavkasiuri<br />

risxviT. magram mSvidobiT<br />

damTavrda yvelaferi. me ki<br />

uamravi suraTi damrCa martis<br />

im mzian da Tbil dRes gadaRebuli.<br />

saerTod, yvareli-lagodexis<br />

mxare eTnikurad Zalian Wreli<br />

da sainteresoa. aqeT _<br />

azerbaijanlebis uzarmazari<br />

soflebi, iqiT _ rus molokan-<br />

Ta patara dasaxleba grafovka<br />

(Tavis droze ufro metni<br />

yofilan da axla cotaniRa<br />

darCnen), sadac moxuc dedas-<br />

Tan stumrad Camosuli Tbilisis<br />

aerodromze momuSave<br />

rusi bortmeqanikosi gvimaspinZldeboda<br />

kitris mwnili-<br />

Ta da diliT mokluli gareuli<br />

ixvis xorciT. isic Tavis<br />

cxovrebas hyveboda, gverdiT<br />

rusuli Rumeli enTo da<br />

Zneli saTqmeli iyo, ra<br />

qveyanaSi vimyofebodiT.<br />

96<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

yvarel-lagodexis gzazea<br />

sofeli zinobianic _ udinebis<br />

(udebis) samSoblo. udinebi<br />

Zveli Zlevamosili qveynis<br />

kavkasiuri albaneTis mkvidrTa<br />

STamomavlebad iTvlebian,<br />

maTi mSobliuri ena daRestnur<br />

enaTa jgufs ganekuTvneba<br />

da udinebi erT-erTi<br />

yvelaze patara eTnosia msoflioSi.<br />

amaze uiliam saroianis<br />

moTxroba gamaxsenda _<br />

70 aTasi asirieli (udinebi ki<br />

70 aTasze bevrad, bevrad<br />

cotani arian). aqac vaCxakune<br />

Cemi aparati, zinobianis skolaSi<br />

ganTavsebuli patara<br />

muzeumic davaTvaliere, ramdenime<br />

kargi portretic gadaviRe<br />

da, saerTod, mTeli<br />

Cemi mogzaurobebis manZilze,<br />

sanam proeqti damTavrdeboda,<br />

mudmivad karg gunebaze<br />

viyavi, radgan win kidev meloda<br />

gza da samuSao. Tanac<br />

jer javaxeTi mqonda mosanaxulebeli<br />

_ Cemi sayvareli<br />

kuTxe, sadac orwliani wyvetilis<br />

mere isev Cavedi aparatiT<br />

xelSi.<br />

ori weli arc bevria da arc<br />

cota _ raRac-raRacebi mainc<br />

Secvlili momeCvena iq. yovel<br />

SemTxvevaSi, bevrad ufro<br />

ndobiT mekidebodnen, rodesac<br />

yovel Semodgomaze dabarebuliviT<br />

TofiT gamovcxaddebodi<br />

xolme iq da iqaur<br />

nadir-frinvels avutexavdi<br />

daga-dugs. aparatze cota<br />

daiZabnen, iyo mudmivi SekiTxvebi:<br />

ras viReb, ratom viReb,<br />

vis sWirdeba, sinamdvileSi<br />

vin dgas am yvelafris ukan...<br />

samagierod megobrebi ar misvamdnen<br />

zedmet kiTxvebs. ulamazesi<br />

faravnis tbis piras,<br />

sofel rodionovkaSi me da<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Saliko varJapetiani mTeli<br />

saRamo vijeqiT gareT, mis<br />

dadgmul Tivis bululs zurgiT<br />

miyrdnobilebi, da am ori<br />

wlis manZilze momxdars ganvixilavdiT.<br />

Salikos mTavrobis<br />

kursi ar moswonda, rame<br />

ubedurebas gadaveyrebiTo _<br />

ambobda, Tumca imasac aRiarebda,<br />

CvenTvis, somxebisTvis<br />

TbilisSi Camosvla ufro<br />

uxifaTo gaxdao. manamde azri<br />

ara hqonda Tqvenken kartofilis<br />

wamoRebas, ramdenjerac<br />

mivqare da wamovedi,<br />

imdenjer saSineli Seuracxyofa<br />

Semxvda policiisgan,<br />

uRmerTod mawvalebdnen, damcinodnen<br />

da erTxel mTeli<br />

Rame umizezod policiaSic<br />

mayuryutes, kartofili<br />

kidev sul wamarTveso.<br />

Saliko me Zalian miyvars. ucnauri<br />

da axirebuli kacia. faravanze<br />

botanikis institutis<br />

bazis darajad muSaobs. ganaTlebiT<br />

ki okeanologia _ almaataSi<br />

aqvs damTavrebuli. ram<br />

moafiqra javaxel kacs am mis-<br />

Tvis yovlad gamousadegari<br />

specialobis daufleba CemTvis<br />

dRemde saidumloa. Zalian<br />

mindoda, rom im saRamos<br />

gadaRebuli Salikos sura-<br />

Tic moxvedriliyo wignSi. ver<br />

moxvda. gamofenaze ki ekida<br />

qarvaslaSi...<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

97<br />

solidaroba<br />

javaxeTSi rus duxoborTa<br />

ukanaskneli dasaxleba, gorelovka,<br />

TiTqmis daclili damxvda<br />

duxoborebisgan, mxolod<br />

moxucebiRa iyvnen da isini,<br />

vinc saxlis gayidva jer ver<br />

moaxerxa. danarCenebi wasulan,<br />

raRac mxolod maTTvis<br />

gasageb mowodebas damorCilebulni,<br />

ayrilan da ruseT-<br />

Si gadasaxlebulan. imis Segr-<br />

Znebam, rom SeiZleba erT-erTi<br />

ukanaskneli viyavi, vinc am<br />

ucnauri bedis da pacifisturi<br />

mrwamsis adamianebs saqar-<br />

TveloSi suraTebs vuRebdi,<br />

cud gunebaze damayena da amave<br />

dros Cemi samuSaos saWiroobaSi<br />

kidev erTxel damarwmuna.

#1(28)<br />

saerTod, saqarTvelo eTnosebisgan<br />

icleba. somxebisa da<br />

azerbaijanlebis garda TiTqmis<br />

yvela midis. viRaca, imedia,<br />

rCeba kidec, magram tendencia<br />

mainc wasvliskenaa. midis,<br />

visac ki amis saSualeba<br />

aqvs. TiTqmis sul wavidnen<br />

duxoborebi, TbilisSi sul<br />

ufro cota qurTi rCeba, senakSi<br />

vnaxe mTeli ubani, romelsac<br />

aisorebis ubans eZaxian,<br />

magram iq mxolod erTi<br />

asiriuli ojaxiRaa darCenili.<br />

walkasa da TeTrwyaroSi<br />

berZnebi groSis fasad yidian<br />

saxlebs, radgan darwmunebulni<br />

ar arian, rom maT nabinavars<br />

muqTad ar daepatroneba<br />

vinme, da saberZneTisken<br />

mieSurebian. sofel beSTaSen-<br />

Si maTi ambavi rom vikiTxe,<br />

aWarlebma miTxres, wyarosTan<br />

midi, mand iqnebian yvelanio.<br />

marTla wyarosTan vipove er-<br />

Ti muWa berZnebi. skamebi gamoetanaT<br />

saxlebidan da iq<br />

isxdnen. eklesiis karic gamiRes<br />

da SigniT suraTebic gadama-<br />

Rebines. _ CvenRa davrCiT sofelSi<br />

da male Cvenc aRar viqnebiTo.<br />

iqve, birJaze gadavi-<br />

Re portretebi. TavianT skamebze<br />

Camomsxdarni gascqerodnen,<br />

rogor ezidebodnen<br />

wyals `sxvebi~ maTi winaprebis<br />

gakeTebuli wyarodan da<br />

Zalian sevdianad gamoiyurebodnen.<br />

mainc sul sxvanairia es samxreT<br />

saqarTvelo, romelsac<br />

samaswlianma otomanurma batonobam<br />

da kidev mravalma<br />

sxva ambavma sulmTlad gansxvavebuli<br />

beWedi daasva. faravnis<br />

piras aris sofeli aspara<br />

(Tu gaxsovT _ `Tavfaravneli<br />

Wabuki asparel qalsa hyvarobda~),<br />

sadac Turqulad mola-<br />

Solidarität<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

parake kaTolike somxebi saxloben.<br />

Cemi azriT, es sofeli<br />

patara cocxali TvalsaCinoebaa<br />

am kuTxis istoriisa. yvelaferi<br />

aqa xdeboda _ mesxeT-<br />

Si, javaxeTSi, aWaraSi... Turqulad<br />

molaparake berZnebi<br />

da gaTurqebuli qarTvelebi,<br />

omebi da ubedureba, imperiebisa<br />

da ideologiebis jaxi,<br />

grigol orbelianis zarbazniT<br />

Camogdebuli naxevarmTvare<br />

da panTurquli ajanyebis<br />

meTauri gaTurqebuli qar-<br />

Tveli Tavadebi... am yvelafer-<br />

Si _ omebSi, migraciebSi, iZulebiT<br />

gadasaxlebebSi, problemebSi<br />

da gaugebrobebSi<br />

mudam iWyliteboda da dRemde<br />

iWyliteba ubralo xalxi...<br />

da ramdeni axali, CemTvis<br />

ucnobi adgili vnaxe am erTi<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi! mesxeTSi<br />

aWaris mTianeTiT, goderZis<br />

uReltexiliT gadmovediT<br />

ukve oqtombris TveSi da ulamazesi<br />

iyo iqauroba. aWaris<br />

maRalmTian soflebSi, sadac<br />

adre arasodes vyofilvar,<br />

meCeTebi unda gadameRo da<br />

gadaviRe kidec, magram kidev<br />

uamravi ram vnaxe amis garda.<br />

sxvaTa Soris Cveni Tbilisis<br />

meCeTis karic pirvelad am<br />

proeqtis gamo SevaRe da<br />

Siitebis mola vagific gavicani<br />

_ saocrad cocxali meidneli<br />

kaci da magari, Taviseburi<br />

iumoris patroni. mere<br />

locvasac daveswari meCeTSi<br />

da Zalian ucnauri da saintereso<br />

iyo amdeni sxvadasxva<br />

erovnebis morwmune muslimis<br />

erTad xilva. pakistanel studentebs<br />

erovnuli tanisamosi<br />

ecvaT, CeCnebs advilad gamoarCevdi<br />

WroRa TvalebiTa<br />

da eWviani gamoxedviT, azerbaijanlebs<br />

ki me da Cemi fo-<br />

98<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

tokamera odnavadac ar vainteresebdiT.<br />

religiebis enciklopediis-<br />

Tvis warmarTuli salocavebi<br />

da rituali unda gadameRo<br />

da sixaruliT mivaSure xevsureTs,<br />

romelic ivlisis<br />

TveSi saocrad cocxldeba.<br />

uamravi barSi macxovrebeli<br />

xevsuri miaSurebs xolme<br />

mTas _ Tavis mama-papis dRes<br />

ukve gaukacrielebul da<br />

TiTqmis sul daclil miwas,<br />

rom aTengenobis ritualSi<br />

miiRos monawileoba. es aris<br />

warmarTobisa da qristianobis<br />

saocari nazavi, TviTon<br />

xevsureTi xom eTnografebis-<br />

Tvis mudam samoTxe iyo da<br />

dRemde aseTad rCeba. ritualebi<br />

TiTqos gaucnobiereblad,<br />

meqanikuradRa sruldeba,<br />

magram maTgan mainc<br />

modis raRac Zalian Zveli,<br />

arqauli da mniSvnelovani...<br />

roSkaSi aTengenobas patara<br />

biWebsac naTlavdnen sisxliT<br />

da am naTlobis ramdenime kadri,<br />

Cemda sasixarulod, wign-<br />

Sic moxvda. bagrat wiklauri<br />

xucesobda da mis locvaSi odnav<br />

amoicnoboda raRac `mamao<br />

Cvenos~ msgavsi, oRond xelSi<br />

sanTlis nacvlad saklavis sisxlSi<br />

gaTxvrili dasakeci dana<br />

eWira. aRmoCnda, rom gasanaTli<br />

patara xevsurebi saberZneTSi,<br />

salonikSi izrdebodnen<br />

da axla pirdapir uZvelesi<br />

ritualis monawileebad da<br />

mTavar gmirebad iqcnen.<br />

magari iyo is aTengenoba.<br />

ukve Semodgomaze fSavSic wavedi<br />

da laSaris gorzec avedi.<br />

esec axali iyo CemTvis _<br />

ramdenjer Camivlia laSaris<br />

goris ZirSi da salocavze<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

arasodes avsulvar. imdenad<br />

saocar da mistikur adgilad<br />

meCvena iqauroba, rom aparatsac<br />

Zalian frTxilad, mowiwebiT<br />

vaCxakunebdi. mere Cem-<br />

Tvis ucxo biliks zeviT da<br />

zeviT avyevi da iqac nasaxlarebi<br />

damxvda, nasaxlarebi da<br />

salocavi niSebi zed dawyobili<br />

irmebis qorbuda rqebiT.<br />

fSavSi iremi aRaraa, odes-<br />

Rac xatisTvis Sewiruli es<br />

rqebi ki isev awyvia da, raRa<br />

Tqma unda, aRarc maTi Semwiravi<br />

monadirea cocxali.<br />

SeiZleba, cota gafantulad<br />

vyvebi am yvelafers da Tanac<br />

yovelgvari qronologiis gareSe,<br />

magram marTla yvelaze<br />

cocxal STabeWdilebebs vwer<br />

_ pirvels, rac maxsendeba. ra<br />

unda gagaxsendes gzidan, mogzaurobidan?<br />

_ adgilebi da<br />

adamianebi, romlebic am adgilebs<br />

mniSvnelobas sZenen.<br />

xriok SiraqSi, mwyemsis binaSi<br />

nanaxi azerbaijaneli bavSvi<br />

da masTan erTad Sin darCenili<br />

avadmyofi, sicxisgan ga-<br />

Tanguli cxvari; fSavis mTeb-<br />

Si gacnobili mglisTvaleba<br />

da mglismuxla qisti biWebi;<br />

qandeli asirielebi; ukve TbilisSi<br />

qalis movlili, natifi<br />

xeliT gadaSlili, lamazi<br />

polonelebis Zveli suraTebiT<br />

savse sqeli albomebi;<br />

kaxeTSi Cveni fotoaparatis<br />

gamoCeniT SeSinebuli juRaaneli<br />

osebi; Cveni raWveli<br />

maspinZeli uweraSi _ daTvistoreba<br />

soflis mWedeli da<br />

vin icis, kidev ramdeni vin.<br />

guli mwydeba, rom suraTebis<br />

umetesoba wignebSi ver moxvda.<br />

ai, Cems arqivSi ki darCa.<br />

ramdeni sxvadasxva xalxi vnaxe<br />

da gavicani, ramdeni cocxali<br />

ambavi movismine da yvela saintereso<br />

iyo, sxvaTa Soris ideologiac<br />

vismine zog-zogan. es<br />

ki arasodes mainteresebda, magram<br />

mainc Zalian TvalSisacemi<br />

iyo, rogor cdiloben patara<br />

erebis Svilebi sakuTari istoriisTvis<br />

meti mniSvnelobis<br />

miniWebas. udinebi TavianT<br />

albanur warmoSobas da Zvel<br />

didebas usvamen xazs, osebi _<br />

skviT-sarma-tobas, qurTebi<br />

mTels axlo-aRmosavleTSi Zlevamosili<br />

midielebis STamomavlebi<br />

arian da yvela qurTma<br />

icis, rom jvarosnebis risxva<br />

egviptis sulTani saladini<br />

qurTi iyo, somexs tigran didi<br />

enatreba, qarTvels daviT mefe<br />

aRmaSenebeli da nikofsiidan<br />

darubandamde saqarTvelo. da<br />

es yvelaferi erTdroulad<br />

gulisamaCuyebelic aris (Tuki<br />

vinme keTili moxuci glexi giambobs<br />

sadRegrZeloSi), gamaRizianebelic<br />

(Tuki soflis<br />

TviTmarqvia naxevradganaTlebuli<br />

lideri gaxvevs Tavs) da<br />

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

99<br />

solidaroba<br />

saSiSi da gulisamrevi (Tu saxelmwifo<br />

ideologiis donezea<br />

ayvanili da mis politikas<br />

gansazRvravs). ai, axla am statiis<br />

bolos ki movnaxe pasuxi<br />

Jurnalistis SekiTxvaze _<br />

riTi vgavarT erTmaneTs `Cven~<br />

da `isini~. Cven yvelani _<br />

kavka-sielebi (gindaT, ubralod,<br />

azielebi vTqvaT _ zezva<br />

da mzia gvapatieben) warsulze<br />

orientirebulni varT, swored<br />

warsuli, Cveni istoria<br />

kvebavs Cvens awmyos momavalze<br />

metad, gviyalibebs stereotipebs<br />

sxvebis da sakuTari<br />

Tavis Sesaxeb. xolo istoria<br />

yvelas Cven-Cveni, yvelas subieqturi<br />

gvaqvs (mgoni obieqturi<br />

istoria saerTod arc arsebobs)<br />

da es momxibvlelic<br />

aris, lamazic, mimzidvelic da<br />

amave dros saSiSic.<br />

Cven marTla Zalian vgavarT<br />

erTmaneTs da amitomac xSirad<br />

gveSinia erTmaneTis.

#1(28)<br />

Solidarity<br />

Summary<br />

Solidarität<br />

The first issue of the magazine “Solidaroba” (Solidarity) for 2009 presents variety of topics. We start the<br />

issue with an article by Nugzar Papuashvili concerning the history of religious relations between Armenians<br />

and Georgians.<br />

This time guests of our round-table are representatives of religious minorities – priest Gabriele Bragantini<br />

(Catholic Church), Mikheil Avakyan (Assistant of the Episcope of the Armenian Apostolic Church’s<br />

Georgian Eparchy), Zaal Tkeshelashvili – Pastor of the Evangelical Church, Tarile Nakaidze<br />

(representative of the Adjarian Muslims’ Union) and Sergo Namoradze (Seventh-Day Christian Adventist<br />

Church). The guests are discussing the problems related to minorities in our country.<br />

The rubric “Perspective” presents three analytical articles: Sergo Ratiani discusses secularization process<br />

in Georgia. Zaal Andronikashvili raises a question – to what extent do we have realized our choice to be<br />

part of the European and Euro Atlantic space. Archil Kikodze in his article continues polemics about<br />

removal of Stalin monument.<br />

The rubric “Orienteer” tells the reader about Desmond Tutu’s and Grigol Peradze’s lives.<br />

Pridon Sakvarelidze’s article is about freedom of the press in the world based on the data of “Reporters<br />

Without Borders” and “the Freedom House”.<br />

Article by Lela Gaprindashvili “Don’t Kill The Mocking Bird” is about the lack of tolerance in our<br />

society. “How was I accepting difference and likeness” - article by Archil Kikodze – tells the reader<br />

about the author’s trips during which he was taking photos for the publications of the Tolerance Centre<br />

“Religions in Georgia” and “Ethnics in Georgia”.<br />

In this issue we also present translations of two material: “Orthodox Church in the Pluralistic World” by<br />

Emanuel Clapsis and “Democracy as a Universal Value” by Amartya Senn.<br />

100<br />

}'vh'mksr<br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

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