saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministrosaqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli StabiJ7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebisdepartamentissip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa daeTnologiis institutigiorgi saiTiZesamSoblos jariskaci/generali abel (balo) mayaSvili/meomris biblioTeka #3Tbilisi2008

Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ mesame wigni; seriaiTvaliswinebs wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemulisaqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi.seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuliaRzrda da codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebuliapopularuli, magram maRal profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; espatara, magram tevadi da kargad gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTaudides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSiwarmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs, XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTveloficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa daa.S.seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiisinstituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelosyoveli moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rombrZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.vaJa kiknaZeseriis saredaqcio kolegia:istoriis mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesoriistoriis mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesorivaJa kiknaZeTamaz beraZemecnierebaTa doqtori,vice polkovniki Temur dalaqiSvilirecenzenti:istoriis mecnierebaTadoqtori, profesoriTamaz beraZekompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lleila xurciaydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZeredaqtori: nargiz xarabaZeteqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvilidamtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli ZalebisgaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolodepartamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias miersaqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabistopografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20tel.: +995 32 91-19-83faqsi: +995 32 91-19-832

generali abel (balo) mayaSvili3

mxatvrulad asaxavs am faqts Tavis cnobil nawarmoebSi, _ `gvelisperangi~.mayaSvilebma Tavisi mxedruli mamacobiT saxeli gaiTqves ruseTisarmiaSi samsaxuris drosac. am sagvareulo saxlis warmomadgenlebiiyvnen generlebi – dimitri solomonis Ze mayaSvili (1837-1906 w.w.);vladimer lavrentis Ze mayaSvili (1839-1911 w.w.); ivane ramazis ZemayaSvili (1848-1913 w.w.); vladimer gabrielis Ze mayaSvili (1853-1905w.w.) igi ufrosi Zma iyo balo mayaSvilisa, romelic ruseT-iaponiisdros gmirulad daiRupa mukdenTan brZolis dros; solomon zaqarias ZemayaSvili (1855-1920 w.w.); ilia zaqarias Ze mayaSvili (1857-1916 w.w.);da giorgi lavrentis Ze mayaSvili (1871-1946 w.w.); aRaras vambobT ufrodabali Cinis (polkovnikebi, maiorebi, kapitnebi da a. S.) aTeulobiToficrebze, romlebmac didebis SaravandediT Semoses TavianTi saxelebi.yvela maTganis Zirebi dakavSirebuli iyo TavianT sagvareulo sofeliyalTosTan da iq gansvenebuli saxelovani winaprebis saflavebTan. uxvaddaiRvara mayaSvilebis sisxli saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebisada misi SenarCunebisaTvis brZolebis drosac. qarTvelma sazogadoebambolo wlebSi gansakuTrebiT gaiTavisa da gmiruli SaravandediT SemosabolSevik okupantebTan brZolaSi tabaxmela-kojris midamoebSi daRupuliqaliSvilis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebisfakultetis II kursis studentis maro mayaSvilis saxeli, romlisZarRvebSi ara marto poeti mamis kote mayaSvilis ∗ , aramed axlonaTesavis general balo mayaSvilis sisxlic Cqefda... SeiZlebavivaraudoT, rom maros faqiz, qalwulebrivi kdemamosilebiT aRsavsesuls, WaRara generlebis sikvdilze metad misi mkvidri biZaSvilis,iunker miSa solomonis Ze mayaSvilisa da aseve axalgazrda samxedromfrinavis, maior nikoloz balos Ze mayaSvilis tragikulma aRsasrulmacdaaCnia Tavisi kvali... yvelas kargad mogvexseneba, axalgazrdobagamoCenil erisSvilTa saxelovan tradiciebze izrdeba da miTumetes,maSin, Tu es erisSvilebi sakuTari sagvareulos Rirseuliwarmomadgenlebi arian...isev general balo mayaSvilis cxovrebis gzas mivubrundeT.abel (balo) gabrielis Ze mayaSvili 1860 wels daibada sof.iyalToSi (Telavis mazra), cnobili Tavadis ojaxSi. isic axloblebisrCeviT ufrosi Zmis, vladimeris kvals gahyva da Tbilisis kadetTakorpusSi Sevida. 17 wlis asakidan moyolebuli b. mayaSvili Tavisisicocxlis bolomde jariskacis cxovrebiT cxovrobda. samxedroganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg axalgazrda oficeri jer axalcixeSi mdgarTenginis polkSi msaxurobs. Semdeg ki baS-kadiklaris 185-e da megrelTame-16 polkebis meTauria. Tavisi mxedruli cxovrebis didi nawilicimbirsa da Soreul aRmosavleTSi gaatara, Tavi gamoiCina iaponiasTanomisas, xolo pirveli msoflio omis dros Tavis polkTan erTad5

mamacurad ibrZoda dasavleTis frontze, mudam wina xazze mdgomsmetsaxelad `Txrilis generali~ Searqves. rogorc uSiSari da gamWriaxigonebis oficris Tavdadeba araerTi umaRlesi jildoTia aRniSnuli.magaliTad, 1915 wlis 28 ivnisis xelmwife-imperatoris umaRlesbrZanebaSi naTqvami iyo, rom brZolaSi gamoCenili mamacobisaTvis igivladimiris IV xarisxis ordeniT ∗ dajildovda. male mas generalmaioriswodebas aniWeben.1918 wlis dasawyisSi, jer kidev saqarTvelos damoukideblobisgamocxadebamde, balo mayaSvili col-SvilTan erTad samSobloSibrundeba... aq nana kotetiSvilis sityvebi minda gavixseno. `sxva uamravubedurebasTan erTad, rac ruseTis imperiam Tavs daatexa qarTvelobaserT-erTi qarTvelebis ruseTis jarSi samsaxuri iyo. brwyinvaleTavadebis ojaxebidan gamosuli axalgazrdoba, ulamazesi, uniWieresivaJkacebi iq samsaxuriT iwyebdnen da amTavrebdnen TavianT cxovrebas...saqarTvelo damonebuli iyo da aba dapyrobil qveyanas vinRa hkiTxavdarames... maTi gaTqvefac moindomes slavur tomSi gvarebis daboloebisSecvliT, magram qarTvelebis garuseba ver moaxerxes~.samSoblo mxares wlobiT moSorebulma oficerma balo mayaSvilmaSeZlo mSobliuri enis, qarTuli tradiciebis, sulisa da xasiaTisSenarCuneba da am suliskveTebiT zrdida igi Tavis Svilebsac.mefis TviTmpyrobelobis damxobis Semdeg rogorc vTqviTTmaSevercxlili generali samSoblosaken moeSureba. surs Tavis codnada mdidari gamocdileba saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebasa da misganmtkicebas moaxmaros... magram erTia survili da meore am survilisxorcSesasxmeli asparezis povna... amierkavkasia, romelic uSualodfrontispira mxares warmoadgenda, SfoTsa da anarqias moecva. ruseTisdroebiTi mTavrobis nebasurvilis aRmsrulebeli organoebi – jer`ozakomi~ ∗ , xolo Semdeg amier-kavkasiis komisariati ∗ da seimi ∗ okeaneSidarCenili ukompaso gemebiviT arian. uWirs saqarTvelos... misi mtrebiyoveli mxridan mSieri mglebiviT Semohymuian... gansakuTrebiT dauokebelmadas iCens osmaleTi, ruseTisa da misi mokavSireebis mowinaaRmdege dagermaniis mxardamxar mebrZoli... did omSi damarcxebis miuxedavad, igimainc cdilobs im gegmis ganxorcielebas, romelic msoflio omisdawyebis win hqonda dasaxuli – samuslimano saqarTvelos TavisfarglebSi moqcevas. am ganzraxvis aqtiur ganmaxorcieleblad gamodianqarTuli warmoSobis faSebi, begebi Tu sasuliero wodebiswarmomadgenlebi – enver faSa, server begi, omar faiki da sxvebi dasxvebi. swored maT surdaT saqarTvelosaTvis mesxeT-javaxeTisa daaWaris Camocileba da borjomTan sazRvris dadeba. am mxaris mahmadianmosaxleobasac osmaleTisaken eWiraT Tvali... rogorc ityvian, xelisSemSleli aRaravin iyo, Tu ar CavTvliT `samuslimano saqarTvelos~samxedro da smoqalaqo saqmeebSi ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis sagangebo6

wmunebuls, axalgazrda oficers Salva maRlakeliZes ∗ , romelsac aseTidaniSvna akaki Cxenkelis mxardaWeriT miuRia (akaki Cxenkeli, am dros,`ozakomi~-s wevri iyo).Turqofiluri moZraobis saTaveSi myof pirovnebebs SorisgansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia server beg aTabegov princ qoblianels...vin iyo igi?server begi, warmoSobiT, jayelTa sagvareulo saxls ekuTvnoda.misi mama feizula axalcixis faSa iyo, romlis gadmobireba rusebmaSeZles da misces tituli `princi qoblianeli adigeneli~. amis gamo igidid erTgulebas iCenda rusebisadmi... server begi erT-erTi umdidresimemamule iyo am mxareSi: sakuTari saxlebic hqonda axalcixesa daabasTumanSi. mas emorCileboda artaanis olqis qurTebis tomis xalxic...40 aTasze met desetina tyis masivebs flobda, hqonda TavisixelmZRvanelobiT gaSenebuli baRebi, romelsac yvelaze metadufrTxildeboda... server begi simdidresTan erTad pirovnuliTvisebebiTac gamoirCeoda. mas umaRlesi ganaTleba ramdenime qveyanaSihqonda miRebuli: germaniaSi – agronomiuli, xolo ruseTSi,peterburgis universitetiSi – iuridiuli. Tavisuflad flobdaTurquls, germanuls, rusuls, cotaTi qarTulsac; gamoirCeoda kargimWermetyvelebiT Seudarebeli nebisyofiT, mkvircxli da moZravixasiaTiT... Tumca specialuri samxedro ganaTleba ar hqonda, magramSesaniSnavad erkveoda samxedro saqmeSic... iyo daaxloebiT 30-32 wlisa...jer kidev ruseTis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebis dros, 1917 wels,yarsis olqis rwmunebuli iyo... server begma mTeli mxaris sofelqalaqebimoiara, marTavda xalxmraval krebebsa da mitingebs, osmaleTiserTgulebisaken mouwodebda mosaxleobas, maT Soris mahmadianqarTvelebsac; razmavda da aiaraRebda xalxs, STaagonebda maT, romruseTi samudamod daiSala, romlis nangrevebze yvela ers uflebaeZleva, rogorc unda ise icxovros... vinaidan muslimanebi kavkasiaSi 8milionze meti varT, ufrosebic Cven unda viyoTo da sxva.aranaklebi popularobiTa da avtoritetiT sargeblobad mesxeTjavaxeTismuslimanur mosaxleobas Soris cnobili omar faiki.amierkavkasiis komisariatis yofili wevri pepinovi da sxvebi.aRsaniSnavia, rom omar faik efendi neimax zade sof. awyuris mkvidri –omar-efendi yifiani gaxldaT. man jer kidev 1901 wels SeiZina adgilmamulebiawyurSi da panislamizmis qadagebas Seudga. rogorcmusulmanur mwerlobaSi ganswavlulma pirma mravali adgilobrivi begismimxrobiT SeZlo da xalxic didi gulmodginebiT ismenda mis qadagebas.`omar faiki ocnebobda osmaleTis farglebSi avtonomiuri samahmadianosaqarTvelos saTaveSi Cadgomas..., am mxareSi osmaleTis gabatonebisSemdeg omar faiks ufrosoba ar uboZes da amiT ukmayofilo stambolswavida...~7

1917 wlis oqtomberSi bolSevikurma gadatrialebam kidev ufrodaZaba viTareba... yars-artaans mocilebuli server-begi axalcixesaTanaxlos focxovSi cxovrobs da Tavisi agentebis meSveobiT ganagrZobsmuSaobas...brest-litovskSi (1918 w. 3 marti) mokavSireebsa da sabWoTaruseTs Soris dadebuli xelSekruleba metad saziano aRmoCndasaqarTvelosaTvis. leninisa da aTa-Turqis ∗ megobrobas Seewira samxreTdasavleTisaqarTvelo, romelic TurqeTis xelSi unda dabrunebuliyoisev...aseT viTarebaSi oficialuri samsaxuris gareSe darCenili balomayaSvili borjomSi Cadis da rogorc ubralo jariskacs, surs,saqarTvelosaTvis raime gaakeTos. axalcixeSi igi xvdeba S.maRlakeliZes, romelic Tavis mogonebebSi ase aRwers am faqts:`mayaSvils mohyva polkovniki kobeSaviZe... mayaSvili axalgazrda oficerirom iyo, aq msaxurobda da misi siyvaruli samahmadiano saqarTvelosigasagebia. (mas g. s.) dabadebia azri, radganac aseTi dro dadga, wavalaxalcixeSi da rameSi gamovadgebi saqarTveloso. is Tvlida, rom eskuTxe TaTrebis ki araa, rogorc gegeWkori, Jordania da sxvebiTvlidnen, aramed misi qveyanaa.movidnen CemTan axalcixeSi es SesaniSnavi garegnobis adamianebi...damSvenebulni WkuiTac, patriotizmiTac, suliTac da garegnuladac. mevuTxari: batono generalo, me ra unda moqceT-meTqi. Sviloo – miTxra,me movedi rogorc jariskaci da daiviwye generali rom varo. momecierTi oceulio. me vuTxari batono generalo, Tqven iyaviT Cemi ufrosi-Tqo. rogor gekadrebaT, eg ar iqnebao. oficrebis erTi oceuli TuSedgeba momecio da miveci me oci oficrisagan Semdgari oceuli da vismere? general mayaSvils, cnobil kacs mTel ruseTis jarSi. Semdegkidev moemata oficrebi, ase ocdaaTamdis avida, magram oficerTa aseuliewodeboda. generali mayaSvilia ufrosi, kobeSaviZe yavs TanaSemwed.~es is droa, rodesac xSiri iyo osmaleTis agentebis mieradgilobrivi somexi da qarTveli mosaxleobis darbevebi, sisxlianiSetakebebi. aris rogorc adamianTa msxverpli, ise udidesi materialurizarali. erT-erTi Setakebis dros mZimed daWres general mayaSvilisTanaSemwe, polkovniki kobeSaviZe, romelic male gardaicvleba kidec...TavdamsxmelTa saTaveSi dganan – omar faiki efendi (yifiani), misidiswuli axmed maCabeli, amier-kavkasiis komisariatis yofili wevripepinovi, sparsuli warmoSobis polkovniki kajari da sxvebi; mTavarimomqmedi piri server-beg aTabegov-qoblianelia. Salva maRlakeliZisTqmiT, misi gansakuTrebuli gaRizianeba da saqarTvelosadmi samkvdrosasicocxlogadakideba mas Semdeg momxdara, roca a/kavkasiiskomisariatis gankargulebiT (Tavmjdomare evgeni gegeWkori) misTvisadgil-mamulebi da sxva qoneba CamourTmeviaT axalcixesa da abasTumanSi8

da osmaleTis agentad gamoucxadebiaT. yarsSi wasvlis winmaRlakeliZisaTvis SemouTvlia: `mivdivar da icodeT, ar dagzogavT, arcerTi qarTvelis fexi ar iqneba Cems baRSio~.male Salva maRlakeliZe quTaisSi gadayavT, mis magivrad axalcixismazris ufrosad general balo mayaSvils niSnaven... axla mas uxdebabrZola, rogorc server begTan, ise sxva ZalebTan... daSinebulimosaxleoba, umetesad qarTveli da somexi qristianebi, toveben TavianTsaxl-kars da saqarTvelos Siga mazrebsa da daba-qalaqebisakenmiiltvian...amier-kavkasiis komisariatis da seimis daSlisa da saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg (1918 wlis 26 maisi), racTurqeTis samxedro-politikuri agresiis gaaqtiurebis SesaCerebladgermaniis CareviT moxda, saqarTvelos mTavrobas SesaZlebloba miecaaqtiuri moqmedebebi wamoewyo Cveni qveynis am ZirZveli kuTxeebis –mesxeT-javaxeTis misaxedad... SesaZleblobis maqsimums akeTeben iqTavmoyrili saqarTvelos samxedro nawilebi general balo mayaSvmlisxelmZRvanelobiT.1918 wlis ivlisSi gazeTi `saxalxo saqme~ ∗ werda: `generali b.mayaSvili iyo im diviziis meTauri, romelsac mimdinare wlisdasawyisidan mesxeTisa da misi dedaqalaqis axalcixis dacva daevala...39-43 dRis ganmavlobaSi udidesi gansacdeli gadaitana axalcixem,magram mcxovreblebi mzad iyvnen Tavi SeewiraT samSoblosaTvis, oRondki ar CamoSorebodnen sayvarel samSoblos, vinaidan kargad esmodaT, romaxalcixis dakargviT mTel saqarTvelos moumzadebdnen gansacdels...~osmaleTi oficialurad TiTqos ganze idga, magram yvelaferipanTurqul wreebSi SemuSavebuli gegmiT mimdinareobda... Tavisiinteresebi amoZravebda server begsa da mis momxreebs... mas surda Seeqmnada Seqmna kidec buferuli mTavroba TurqeTsa da saqarTvelos Soristeritoriaze, romelSic Sedioda axalqalaqisa da axalcixis mazrebi,Seqmna mTavroba-komisariati, sadac portfelebi ase gaanawila:Tavmjdomare – server beg aTabegovi; Tavmjdomaris moadgile da SinagansaqmeTa komisari tomaSeviCi (dediT qarTveli); mTavari mosamarTle –murTaz beg falavandovi; sursaTis komisari – kartalovi; janmrTelobiskomisari – riumini; qalaq axalcixis komendanti – axmetievi, axalcixisdacvis ufrosi – aruTinovi, jaris Camoyalibebis saqmeSi konsultanti,polkovniki – dolininiroca brest-litovskis sazavo ∗ xelSekrulebis ZaliT axalcixeTurqeTs miakuTvnes. a/kavkasiis komisariati winadadebas aZlevs generalb. mayaSvils datovos axalcixis teritoria... ukanaskneli vada 26 maisia(Zv. stiliT). Cveni jarebi unda gadavides awyursa da axalcixeSi daabasTumanSi. mayaSvili cdilobs osmaleTis regularuli jaris mieraxalcixis dakaveba sami-oTxi dRiT mainc SeaCeros, raTa saSualeba9

mieces saxelmwifo qonebis mTlianad gazidvis, dro Zalze cotaa dagadasazidi saSualebebic arasakmarisi...aseT viTarebaSi genaralma b. mayaSvilma TiTqmis SeuZlebeli SeZloda ,,moaxerxa SeiaraRebuli gamosuliyo axalcixidan... mas Tan axlavsqarTvelebi, visi wamoyvanac ki SeZlo, agraTve oficrebi. modis samxedrowesiT, gagebuli aqvs rom awyurSi vali ∗ zis. amitom modis samxedrowesiT... moaRwia awyurs. uTxres SeCerdio, aq TurqeTis gubernatoris –valis Stabia... eubnebian – aq TurqeTis kuTvnili teritoriaa dayvelaferi – teritoria, iaraRi da qoneba Caabareo. gamovida valicTavis Stabidan da mimarTa mayaSvils – me brZaneba maqvs TurqeTissardlobis, rom unda davikavo es teritoria bojomamdis da TqveniiaraRis Cabarebis ukanaskneli adgili aq ariso. Tqven arRvevT Tqvenivekomisariatis dadgenilebaso, amitom veRar gagiSvebT da sisxls nudagvaRvrevinebTo. mayaSvilma uTxra: me iaraRs ar CagabarebTo... modiTyava mivirTvaT da vilaparakoTo – SesTavaza valim. mayaSvili ar dajda,valis egona, rom mayaSvili iaraRs Caabarebda... valim miawoda yavamayaSvils da uTxra – es brZaneba unda Seasruloo. amis Tqma iyo da, escnobili faqtia, mayaSvilma SeTavazebuli yava saxeSi Seasxa valis. valigaSeSda, xma ver amoiRo da gamouSva mayaSvili borjomSi, iaraRiT,ubrZolvelad~, _ wers S. maRlakeliZe.generali balo mayaSvilis mier gamoCenili aseTi simamace, arSeiZleba ubralod impulsur qmedebas mieweros... ara! masSi erTbaSadifeTqa qarTulma genetikurma qedmouxrelobam da didi winaprisnaanderZevma: `sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa, sikvdili saxelovani~, ramacmis aseT qmedebaSi hpova ganivTeba. WaRara generlis gmirobis ambavimTel saqarTvelos moedo da mas udididesi popularoba moupova,gansakuTrebiT am mxaris mosaxleobis TvalSi.demokratiuli saqarTvelos mTavrobam axalcixidan gamoyvanilsamxedro nawilebs sasazRvro jarebis statusi mianiWa da misisardloba balo mayaSvils miando. uamravi saqmea misaxedi. wesrigi dadisciplinaa aRsadgeni. Seqmnili viTarebis gamo adgilobrivi mosaxleobaumZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebulia aTasobiT usaxlkarodda arsebobis saxsars moklebuli axalcixidan ltolvili, maT Sorissomxuri mosaxleobis, bedi. amis gamo maT mier gamoTqmuli ukmayofilebasaqarTvelos parlamentamdec aRwevs...1918 wlis 8 noembers saqarTvelos parlamentis sxdomaze gamosulimTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania, imis pasuxad, rom TiTqos adgilihqonoda mesxeT-javaxeTidan ltolvili somexi mosaxleobis Seviwroebas,acxadebs: `unda vTqvaT, rom sazRvarze myofi jarebis ufrosadmTavrobam daniSna generali mayaSvili imisaTvis, rom igi axalcixeSi iyouwin da ar daemsgavsa somxebis im Renerlebs, romelnic baqoSi brZolisdros velidan gamoiqcnen da xalxi amosaJletad datoves... rodesac10

osmalebi axalcixeSi Semodiodnen, Renerali mayaSvili iq iyo ukanaskneldromde da osmalTa Semosvlamde Tavisi adgili ar miutovebia. misimzrunvelobis meSveobiT iq arc erTi somexi ar daSavebula, rasacdaamtkicebs am parlamentSi myofi iqauri qalaqis Tavi b-ni zoriani.ai, aseTi generali gavgzavneT Cven iq da exla me minda gamego misgan,iyo Tu ara msgavsi ram imisa, rasac es delegacia mogviTxrobda.~amis pasuxad borjomidan gamogzavnil vrcel ganmartebaSi, generalimayaSvili miuTiTebs: `mxolod dRes noembris 12-s. wavikiTxe gazeTSi imgamosvlebis Sesaxeb, romelsac ramodenime piri da beWvdiTi organoltolvilTa sakiTxis garSemo saqarTvelos respublikis dasaqarTvelos jaris ufrosTa winaaRmdeg awarmoebda. ltolvilTasakiTxi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli osmaleTis mier axalcixisa daaxalqalaqis mazrebis Cvenze gadmocemis sakiTxTan. azrad gvqondaCagveyvana iq jari, aRgvedgina wesiereba da uzrunvelgveyo ltolvilTadabrunebis uSiSroeba da mxolod amis Semdeg dagvebrunebia ltolvilni.yvela Cem dabejiTebiT moTxovnaze, rom Cveni jari gaeSva osmaleTissardlebs, isini gvpasuxobdnen: amis Sesaxeb mTavarsardlisagan brZanebaara gvaqvso da mxolod erTi kviris ukan osmaleTis jaris ufrosmamiiRo es brZaneba, magram iq ar iyo naCvenebi mazrebis gadmocemis vada darigi. vxedavdi ra, rom pirobis asrulebas osmalebi agvianebdnen,ltolvilebis mdgomareoba ki siciveebis gamo uaresi Seiqmna, medabejiTebiT moviTxove gaeSvaT ltolvilni. xalil-beim ∗ Tanxmobaganacxada mxolod im pirobiT, rom dabrunebis nebarTva unda miscestfilisis ltolvilTa komitetma. msurda ra amecdina xifaTsltolvilTa sicocxle da qoneba, me werilobiT SevekiTxe xalil-beis,iZleva Tu ara is ltolvilTa Tavisufali dabrunebis garantias,razedac mxolod guSin saRamoTi miviRe dadebiTi pasuxi...amnairad, im braldebas viTom saqarTvelos respublikas ar surdesltolvilebis ukan dabruneba, araviTari safuZveli ara aqvs. aramc Tusweren aseT braldebas, aramed arian iseTi qvelmoqmednic, romelnicltolvilebs aCqareben dauyovnebliv Sin dabrunebas, rasac ltolvilTadaxvreta da Zarcva mosdevs, rogorc amas adgili hqonda baraleTTan,sadac mravali ltolvili daxoces, tyved waiyvanes da saqoneliwaarTves. osmalebma gzebi Sekres da aravis uSveben, rogorc Cvensken,ise iqiT. maSasadame, ltolvilTa dabrunebis Cem mier nebis darTva, anamis akrZalva, rac arasodes ar yofila, saqmis mdgomareobas arascvlida.vsTxov yvela gazeTebs gadabeWdon es ganmarteba, xolo visac sursCems simarTleSi darwmundes, piradad moinaxulos ltolvilebiborjomSi.general-gubernatori mayaSvili~.11

general b. mayaSvilis zemoT motanili ganmarteba marTlac rombevrismTqmeli istoriuli dokumentia, romelic naTels hfens imas, Turogor moqmedebdnen mesxeT-javaxeTSi myofi osmaleTis samxedroxelisufalni; rogor uSlidnen isini xels politikuri saSualebebiTsakiTxis mogvarebas, rogor saSualebebs mimarTavdnen adgilobrivimosaxleobis, gansakuTrebiT qristianebis mimarT da raoden saSinelpirobebSi amyofebdnen maT... swored maTi miTiTebiT iqna im xanebSimowveuli iqauri sagangebo kreba da romelzec miRebuli dadgenilebiTmesxeT-javaxeTis TurqeTisaTvis mierTeba moiTxoves. dadgenilebispraqtikuli xorcSesxmisaTvis 40 kaciani delegacia airCies dasxvadasxva sazavo konferenciebze daagzavnes. musliman qarTvelTa didiumravlesoba miimxres da ajanyebis provocirebis gziT mTeli es mxarexelSi Caigdes...aq ar SeiZleba oriode sityviT mainc ar aRvniSnoT im saqmianobisSesaxeb, rac `samuslimano saqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebelma komitetma~gaswia memed-beg abaSiZis xelmZRvanelobiT. swored maSin, roca mTelisimwvaviT dadga sakiTxi, Tu ra orientacia daeWira aqaur qarTvelmahmadianebs – erTmorwmune osmaleTis, Tu mSobliuri saqarTvelosi,romelTanac istoriiT, eniT, sisxliT da jiSiT iyvnen dakavSirebulni,gaisma memed-beg abaSiZis mowodeba: `nuravin ifiqrebs, rom sarwmunoebada erovneba erTi da igivea. Cven mtkice muslimanebi varT, magram masTanerTad, Cven qarTvelebi varT, saqarTvelos RviZli Svilebi. Cven undaSevignoT, rom garda saqarTvelosi, Cveni xsna ar aris... gaxsovdeT, romTqven xarT pasuxismgebelni istoriisa da STamomavlobis winaSe.~memed-begi ∗ mahmadian qarTvelebs Seaxsenebda, rom es iqnebodaumaduroba da sikeTis daunaxaoba qristiani Zmebis, qarTvelebis mimarT,roca isini maT gverdSi idgnen araerTi gansacdelis Jams, roca ruseTisda osmaleTis mTavrobebisagan SeviwroebulT win qva da ukan mewyerielodaT... dae, `raki gwadiaT ucxoTa uReli, daidgiT es uReli... rakigadamTielTa monoba gsurT iyaviT monebaT~-o, – mimarTavda igi serverbegebisa da omar faikebis mimdevrebs...1918 wlis 3 dekembers saqarTvelosa da osmaleTs Soris dadebulisamSvidobo xelSekrulebis ZaliT osmaleTis jarebma datovesaxalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebi... am faqtis Semswre vinme `q. k. m-li~gazeT `saxalxo saqmeSi~ werda: `wuxelis osmalebma, ukeT rom vsTqvaT,mahmadianTa jaris kacebma, server-beg qoblianskis meTaurobiT cecxliwaukides Tof-iaraRs da saxelmwifo nivTebs. cecxlma or saaTs gastana.zarbaznis yumbarebi yuTebiT, albaT ver moaswres gatana da mdinareSigadauyriaT. dRes es yuTebi wyalSi mosCans... diliT aWarisaken gaiparaserver-begi, masve mihyva adigenisaken baxSi-beg maCabeli~.imave dRes, 12 saaTze, axalcixidan avtomobiliT gamgzavrebulaxalil-bei. wasvlis win mas TaTrul enaze miumarTavs xalxisaTvis:12

`dadga dro da saqarTvelosa da osmaleT Soris CamovardamSvidobianoba. Cven mivdivarT da modis saqarTvelos mTavroba.saqarTvelos demokratiulma mTavrobam unda mogiaroT ise, rogorc CvengivliT. Tu ase ar iqneba, osmaleTi cocxalia da isev gamogesarClebiTda aq gewveviTo...~gamgzavrebis win xalil-beisaTvis madloba gadauxdia axalcixisqalaqis Tavis moadgiles aivazians, romelsac, korespondentis TqmiT,sxvaTaSoris uTqvams: `sadac waxvideT, yvelgan gza xsnili iyosTqvenTviso.~demokratiuli saqarTvelos mTavrobam daclili mazrebis dakaveba daiq wesrigis damyareba general balo mayaSvils daavala. rodesacsaqarTvelos jarebma aseTi davaleba miiRes, general-gubernatorma b.mayaSvilma pirveli, rac mTavrobas sTxova is iyo, rom ufleba miecamisTvis, iaraRi aeyara mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis, ganurCevladsarwmunoebisa da erovnebisa da bneli Zalebisagan gaewminda es mxare.mTavrobisagan nebarTvis (dasturis) miRebis Semdeg saqarTvelos jarebimesxeT-javaxeTis teritoriis dasakaveblad gaeSurnen. 4 dekemberssaqarTvelos samxedro saministros saxelze miRebul telegramaSinaTqvami iyo: `Reneral mayaSvilis nawili ukve Sevida axalcixesa daaxalqalaqis mazrebSi. mowinave razmebi axalcixesa da axalqalaqsmiuaxlovdnen. mosaxleoba didi aRtacebiTa da sixaruliT egebeba.~Tu rogori iyo mesxeT-javaxeTSi general balo mayaSvilissardlobiT Sesuli jarebTan Sexvedra, adgilobrivi ganawamebimosaxleobis `aRtaceba da sixaruli~ amis Taobaze am momentis Semswresada monawile jariskacs, SemdgomSi gamoCenil mweral-akademikos nikokecxovels movusminoT: `TeTri giorgis mxedrobam iaraRi SeaJRaruna dapirmcinar mzis sxivebze naferi xmali Seapriala. gulSi ainTosamSoblos siyvarulis Zlieri cecxli da am siyvaruliT moadgaqarTveli mxedroba axalcixis karebs. win miuZRodaT nacadi WaRarasardali. misi imediT aRsavse Tvalebi amxnevebda pirtitvela mxedrobas...sanaxaoba iyo iSviaTi. sami aTasze meti axalgazrda qarTveliSeiaraRebuli TaviT-fexebamde midioda sayvarel kuTxis dasaxsnelad...vucqer jars da ver gamovrkveulvar, nuTu es qarTuli jaria, nuTuyovelive es qarTveli xalxis Semoqmedebaa? bavSviviT amitanasixarulma... minda yovelive davinaxo, araferi gamomrCes... xuTi versidarCa axalcixemde... xalxi jer kanti-kuntad sCans, TandaTan matulobsda male kedeli keTdeba gzis aqeT-iqiT... sicili, sixaruli,acremlebuli Tvalebi... `qriste aRzdga, qriste aRzdga...~. viRacmoxucebuli gadaexvia axalgazrdas da tirili daiwyo. Jruantelmadamiara... Sevdeq: `ra iyo biZia, gixarian?~. `raRas mekiTxebi, Tqvens mzeski Semovevle, Svilo. dRes meored davibade. dRes gaTenda CemTvisnaTeli dRe. dideba Tqvens mosvlas, mSvidoba qarTvelebo!~13

ager qali da bavSvi, vaJkaci da moxuci. etyoba soflelebi arian...maTken miveSurebi, vekiTxebi: `udelebi varT, biZia, udelebi... gavigeT,SemogegebeT, Zvirfaso Zmebo...~. bevrs cremli adgeba, guli uCuydeba,tirili mosdiT, laparaks ver axerxeben...`dideba Sen, Zvirfaso saqarTvelo!~`aki vTqvi, qarTveli xalxi ar dagviviwyebs meTqi~.`RmerTo hfaravde Cvens samSoblos~.`ixare tkbilo saqarTvelo...~, ismis irgvliv. jari ki Rimmoreulida amayi midis am xalxis or kedelSua.ager qalaqs mivuaxlovdiT da gamoCnda zRva xalxi qarTulidroSebiT, romlebzec aseTi sityvebia warwerili: `madlieri mesxeTjavaxeTisalams uZRvnis Zvirfas saqarTvelos jars. 1918 wlisqristeSobis 4.~ Tavis momdevno nomerSi dastambul werilSi`axalqalaqis sakiTxisaTvis~ gazeTi `saqarTvelo~ ∗ aRniSnavs rasaqarTvelos jarebis Sesvlas mesxeT-javaxeTSi, miuTiTebs: `respublikisjarebi Sevidnen axalcixe-axalqalaqSi da SemouerTes saqarTvelos misiumarTebulod mixveWili nawilebi. qarTveli eri dResaswaulobs amsasixarulo movlenas...~ magram qarTvelTaTvis es sasixarulo movlenamiuReblad miuCnevia somxur – daSnakur presas da pretenzia gamouTqvamsaxalqalaqis mazraze. magaliTad, TbilisSi gamomavali somxuri gazeTi`axSatavori~ Tavis 22-e meTaur werilSi amasTan dakavSirebiT werda:`Cven vfiqrobT, rom social-demokratebis mamuliSviluri sixaruliunda Seexebodes mxolod axalcixes, xolo axalqalaqis qarTveli jarismier `aRebis~ sakiTxi qarTveli menSevikebisaTvis ukeTes SemTxvevaSi Ria,gadauWrel sakiTxad unda darCes..., vinaidan axalqalaqis SesaxebgacilebiT ufro safuZvliani pretenziebi aqvs somxeTsac~. amave azrsiziarebda meore somxuri gazeTi `nor horizonic~, romelic `axalqalaqssaqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mier usamarTlodmisakuTrebulad miiCnevda~.sainteresoa aRiniSnos isic, Tu ra mdgomareobaSi daxvdaT qarTuljarebs wina dRiT Turqi askerebis mier mitovebuli axalqalaqi,romelic mahmadiani qarTveli begebisa da umaduri somxuri mosaxleobismsxverplad qceuliyo. movusminoT isev niko kecxovels: `mivaRwieTyazarmebs. Senobebis fanjrebi ganadgurebulia, avejeuloba dalewili daquCebSi hyria... Zvirfasi wignebi da sxva nivTebi erTmaneTSia areuli...gulmosul brbos, romelic wuxel wasula, SuSebze da avejeulobazeuyria javri: Tofebi dauwvavT, yumbarebi wyalSi gadauyriaT... maTgadawyvetili hqondaT ara gziT ar SeeSvaT am mazraSi qarTulilaSqari... magram samSvidobo xelSekrulebis ZaliT iZulebulnigamxdaran iqaurobas `mSvidobianad~ gasclodnen... qalaqidan gamosul meda Cems megobars, erovnuli droSiT morTuli avtomobili Segvxvda. esgenerali mayaSvili mobrZandeba~.14

erovnuli siamayis grZnobiT aRvsili generali, gzadagzaprofesionaluri TavSekavebiT udepeSebs saqarTvelos mTavrobiswarmomadgenlebs arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb. movitanoT 5 dekembrisdepeSa saqarTvelos samxedro ministrs: `dilis 10 saaTze axalqalaqSiSeveliT. mcxovrebni sixaruliT Segvxvdnen da purmarili mogvarTves.irgvliv Zarcva-gleja warmoebda. miRebulia ukiduresi zomebi.gagzavnilia win jari, mcxovrebT gamoecxadaT, rom dabrundnen TavianTadgilas. oficerTa Senoba dangreulia osmalebis mier. jaris sulieriganwyoba mxnea. general-maiori mayaSvili~.mTavrobis Tavmjomaris noe Jordanias saxelze gagzavnil depeSaSi kigenerali balo mayaSvili miuTiTebda: `Zveli saqarTvelos centridanTqven da mTel saqarTvelos gilocavT mesxeTisa da javaxeTis sisxlisdauRvrelad SemoerTebas, rac moxerxda saqarTvelos mTavrobissibrZniTa da kacTmoyvareobiT. mTel gzaze axalcixemde mcxovrebniaRfrTovanebiT esalmebodnen jars.gisurvebT sicocxlesa da gamarjvebebs mravalJamier.generali mayaSvili~.gamocdilma da mravalWirgamovlilma generalma imTaviTve kargadicoda, rom saqarTvelos teritoriebs, sisxliT iqneboda igiSemoerTebuli, Tu `sisxlis dauRvrelad~ dacva sWirdeboda, risTvisacaucilebeli iyo mtkice, zogjer ukiduresi RonisZiebebis gatarebac ki.aki amas moiTxovda igi imTaviTve saqarTvelos mTavrobisagan... dapirebacmiiRo, magram imave xelisuflebam praqtikuli saqmianobis SesaZleblobaminimumamde Seumcira. saqme imaSi iyo, rom `demokratiulma mTavrobam~araswori kursi aiRo, roca samxedro uwyebas uflebebi Seukveca daprioriteti Tavisi partiis – social-demokratebis, umwifarwarmomadgenlebs mianiWa... qarTuli jaris mier mesxeT-javaxeTisdakavebidan sul oriode dRis Semdeg mTavrobam mxareSi Tavis sagangeborwmunebulad, TiTqmis ganusazRvreli uflebebiT aRWurvili partiulifunqcioneri leo ruxaZe daniSna, xolo axalcixis mazris komisroba misTanapartiels haidar-beg abaSiZes miando. aRsaniSnavia, rom amukanasknelis daniSvnas, somxebis garda, yvela kmayofilebiT Sexvda.fiqrobdnen, rom rogorc qarTveli muslimani, ufro metad gairjebamazris sakeTildReodo. es ar moxda... imis nacvlad, rom isini samxedroZalaze dayrdnobiT administraciuli organoebis Seqmnas Sesdgomodnen damosaxleobis saWirboroto sakiTxebis mogvarebisaTvis ezrunaT, winaplanze partiuli saqmeebi wamoswies, ujredebis Seqmnas, krebebisCatarebas da a. S. ufro met yuradRebas uTmobdnen... xSirad arasworcnobebs awvdidnen mTavrobas adgilze arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb. maTTavianTi `tlanqi da mouridebeli qceviT – rogorc generali mayaSviligeneral mazniaSvilTan saubarSi aRniSnavda – adgilobrivi adaTebisa da15

Cveulebebis SelaxviT, ise gaaborotes es ukanasknelni, rom mzad arianmiekedlon yvelas, vinc ki maT am `mxecebisagan daifaravs... server-begi kiamiT sargeblobs Tavisi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~, _ werda generaligiorgi mazniaSvili ∗ .general mayaSvils, arc is daufaravs giorgi mazniaSvilisaTvis, rom`Tumca is iricxeba general-gubernatorad e. i. aRWurvilia umaRlesiadministrator uflebiT, saqmiT mainc araviTari ufleba ara aqvs dakomisrebi da maTi moxeleni moqmedeben gansakuTrebuli instruqciebiT,romlebic tfilisidan mosdiT da, romelTa Sinaarsi man ar icis.~cota mogvianebiT, gazeT `saxalxo saqmeSi~ dastambulkorespondeciaSi vinme `naRvliani mesxi~ gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda:`saqarTvelos jarebis Semosvlis Semdeg axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebSidaarsda sageneral-gubernatoro, magram ar gavida ori kvira da esTanamdeboba moispo... ar viciT vin da ra mosazrebiT moaspobina, aseTiTanamdeboba, magram is ki cxadia, rom mospobis Semdeg generalgubernatorisTanamdebobis Zalaufleba axalcixis mazraSi gadavidamazris komisris haidar abaSiZis xelSi...~ magram samwuxarod ma Tavi vergaurTmevia Seqmnil situaciiaTvis. imave korespondentis TqmiT: `gvegona,rom haidar abaSiZe ∗ , rogorc mazris komisari, mTel mazris soflebsSemoivlida, gaecnoboda mas da saqarTvelos mdgomareobasac gaacnobda,xels Seuwyobda mahmadiani qarTveli glexobis qristian glexobasTan daqalaqis macxovreblebTan kavSirs~, magram aseTi ram ar moxda imitom,rom `haidar abaSiZem Tavisi kabinetis meti ara icis-ra, romliskarebzec uweria: `mTxovnelebs viReb 12 saaTidan 2 saaTamdeo~. igimxolod or saaTs uTmobs mazrisaTvis saqmianobas, danarCens ki partiulmuSaobaSi da social-demokratebis biuroSi atarebs~-o.iqve, mxaris sagangebo rwmunebulis, leo ruxaZis `damsaxurebazecaa~miTiTebuli: `mTavrobis davaleba ver Seasrula mxareSi mismarwmunebulma l. ruxaZemac. ubralo fostis mimosvlac ki ver aRadgina,Tumca TavisaTvis ecada da miiRo kidec mTavrobisagan gansakuTrebuliavtomobili~-o.samxedro da samoqalaqo (partiul) xelmZRvanelobas SorisSeuTanxmebel urTierTdamokidebulebas gafacicebiT Tvalyursadevnebdnen saqarTvelos mtrebi, romlebic rogorc qveynis SigniT, isemis farglebs gareT mravlad iyvnen.swored am dros ganxorcielda mzakvruli qmedeba, _ daiwyo somexqarTvelTasisxliani Setakebani, romelsac analogi ar moepoveba am orixalxis mravalsaukunovan istoriaSi... komunisturi reJimis dros amTemaze kvleva-Ziebis uflebas aravis ar aZlevdnen, aqaodainternacionalizmis princips raime Crdili ar miadgeso... faqtebisa damovlenebis miCumaTebam da Seufaseblobam ki, SesaZloa, ufro savalaloSedegebamde migviyvanos. miTumetes, eris maxsovroba iseTi ram aris,16

omelic arasdros arafers iviwyebs... amJamad am Temaze vrclad saubarsar vapirebT, mxolod ramdenime epizodze SevaCerebT mkiTxvelisyuradRebas, romelic uSualod general balo mayaSvilis saxelTan arisdakavSirebuli...saqarTvelos jarebis mier mesxeT-javaxeTis, gansakuTrebiT ki,axalqalaqis mazris mSvidobiani dakaveba, yvelaze ufro miuRebeli,somxeTis daSnakuri xelisuflebisaTvis aRmoCnda. isini momentselodebodnen, raTa farTomasStabiani Seteva ganexorcielebinaT Cveniqveynis winaaRmdeg. es mzakvruli Canafiqri maT realobad aqcies 1918wlis 10 dekembers, roca somxeTis jarebma saqarTvelos sazRvarigadmolaxes. pirvel dReebSi sanain-alaverdis raionSi mopovebuliwarmatebebis Semdeg, maT axalqalaqis mimarTulebiTac daiwyes Seteva...saqarTvelos mTavrobas, romelic ufro sxva mxridan moelodaTavdasxmas, pirvel xanebSi jiutad ar surda daejerebia, rom essafrTxe, mas mezobeli somxeTis mxridan daemuqra. viRac bandebTangveqneba saqme da seriozul angariSSi Casagdebi ar ariso, - acxadebdamTavrobis davmjdomare noe Jordania ∗ , xolo sagareo saqmeTa ministrmaevgeni gegeWkorma muqaraSereuli kiloTi ganucxada saqarTvelosparlamentis deputatebs: somxebs Tu oms gamoucxadebT, samsaxuridangadavdgebio. albaT, yaCaRebi esxmian Tavs Cvens jarebs, Torem somxebiamisTana Tavxedobas, rogor gagvibedavdnen, Cveni mtrebi rom iyvnen,Tavis Tavs ras erCiano. parlamentma gaiziara qveynis sagareo saqmeTaministris mosazreba da Tavis dadgenilebaSi aseTi azri gaatara:yaCaRuri brboebis winaaRmdeg regularuli jaris gagzavna respublikisdamcireba iqnebao. magram, roca Wiris malvas azri aRar hqonda, maSinsaqarTvelos sxdomaze gamosulma noe Jordaniam erisa da qveynisgasagonad ganacxada: `iq, sadac ufleba ara sWris, sadac ar sWris erTamolaparakeba, sadac ar sWris erTa ufleba – dee, xmali iyos amuflebis gadamWreli. sadac ar sWris goniereba, dee iaraRma gadasWrases kiTxva – Cven magisi ar gveSinian. vinc Cvens winaaRmdeg aRmarTamaxvili, Cvenc igive iaraRiT unda gavceT pasuxi. amis Zala CvenSegvwevs~. mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris am sityvebs deputatebi fexzeamdgarni mquxare taSiT Sexvdnen.ase daiwyo somex-qarTvelTa Soris es sisxliani da daundobeli omi,romelic marTalia didxans ar gagrZelebula, magram mouSuSebeliWriloba datova orive xalxis erovnul sxeulze... samSoblos dasacavadaRsdgnen saqarTvelos yoveli kuTxis warmomadgenlebi. patriotulmaaRtkinebam moicva mTeli eri. qristiani Zmebis mxarSi dgomisakenmouwoda mahmadian qarTvelobas, samuslimano saqarTvelosganmaTavisuflebelma komitetma. mowodebas, romelsac xels awerdnenxsenebuli komitetis Tavmjdomare memed-beg sanjay begis Svili abaSiZeda mdivani suleiman efendi diasamiZe, naTqvami iyo: `samuslimano17

saqarTvelos Svilebo!... somxis mTavrobam brZaneba misca Tavis jarsgadaelaxa saqarTvelos sazRvrebi... somxeTis ara-demokratiuli jarisnawilebi namerdulad – muxanaTurad Tavs esxmian, rogorc CvenserTmorwmune Zmebs muslimanebs, ise Cvens RviZl Zmebs qristianqarTvelebs. veragulad epyrobian dids da pataras, asaxiCeben yvelasvisac ki xelSi Caigdeben... aseTi sastiki, velur saSualebaTa xmarebiTganzraxuli aqvT daipyron borCalos mazra, axalqalaqi, axalcixe da vinicis kidev, romeli kuTxe Cveni qveynisa...gafrTxildiT, mamuliSvilno!dagvidga yofna-aryofnis dro, exla unda davicvaT Cveni samSoblo,Cveni ojaxi, Cveni namusi da Cveni saxl-kari. swored exla unda aviRoTxelSi iaraRi da amovudgeT mxarSi samSoblos sakeTildReod CvensTanamemamuleT – qristian qarTvelebs... Cvenc maTTan erTad unda miviRoTmonawileoba samSoblosa da Tavis dacvis saqmeSi...aba mamuliSvilno!daveSuroT samSoblos, ojaxis, namusis da saxl-karis dasacavad.~1918 wlis 20 dekembers samxedro ministri grigol giorgaZeparlamentis sxdomaze gamosvlisas deputatebs moaxsenebdaT – rafrontebze arsebul viTarebas, yuradRebas amaxvilebda axalqalaqismimarTulebiT saomar moqmedebebze: `16 dekembers, dilis 5 saaTze mteriTavs daesxa Cveni sazRvris modarajeebs, Cvenma jariskacebma isini ukuaqcies... dilis 8 saaTze daiwyo sastiki brZola, romelic 16 saaTamdegagrZelda. poziciebi xelidan-xelSi gadadioda. Cvenma jarmabrwyinvaled gaimarjva. mteri sazRvrebs iqiT gandevna... dRes diliTmovida cnoba, rom mowinaaRmdeges Seteva kvlav ganuaxlebia, magramgeneral mayaSvils igi sastikad daumarcxebia. tyved wamoyvanilia 60jariskaci, 2 oficeri, wamoRebulia 1 tyviismfrqveveli da sxva iaraRi.~axla dawvrilebiT imaze, Tu rogor Sexvda mtris Tavxedurgamoxdomas generali balo mayaSvili, rogorc frontis wina xazzemyofi patrioti mebrZoli. amis Taobaze mSvenivrad aris moTxrobiliioseb imedaSvilis Jurnal `Teatrsa da cxovrebaSi~ dabeWdildokumentur romanSi `ganaxlebuli sicocxle~.`somxeTis jarebma saqarTvelos sazRvari axalqalaqTan 10 dekembersgadmolaxa... roca amis Sesaxeb iq dabanakebul qarTvelTa jaris sardalsgeneral mayaSvils acnobes, erTi CaiRima, mere kopebi Seikra daTavisTvis Cailaparaka:- es xalxi weras autania, magaT Wkuis swavleba undaTo... magram,rogorc socialisturi mTavrobis mxedars Seefereboda: saqmis gaTavebamSvidobiani gziT arCia da somexTa razmis sardals ori mociquligaugzavna – somex ltolvilTa komitetis rwmunebuli – abeliani dapolkovniki gvelesiani... mociqulTaTvis danabarebi lakonuri iyo:18

- gaTenebamde mTel javaxeTis aremareSi ar iyos arc erTi somexijariskacis fexio...somexTa razmis gayoyoCebulma ufrosma es moTxovna arafradCaagdo...- eg aris, davijere raRa! – Tavxedurad warmoTqva da mayaSvilsSemouTvala:- me Cemis mTavrobis brZaneba maqvs axalqalaqi daviWiroo... da imaveRames, SeuCerebliv gaswia win javaxeTis Suagulisaken da ramdenimesofeli daiWira.es Tavxedoba ki veRar aitana generalma mayaSvilma, gabrazebiTgaafurTxa da warmosTqva:- mkbenari fexze daisvi da Tavze agacocdebao... dae, rac moxdesTavis Tavs daabralono...jaris erTi razmi wargzavna da somexTa gzaabneuli razmi gumbrismidamoebSi Sereka...general mayaSvilis jaris mrisxaneba egoden Zlieri iyo, romsomxebi ukanmouxedavad garbodnen sasomxeTisaken.- win qva da ukan mewyeri! – misZaxodnen mTeli javaxeTis mkvidrni,TviT somxebic ki...amave dros javaxni madlobas ucxadebdnen general mayaSvils...generali ufro Sors wavidoda erevnisaken, - aseTi iyo misiSurisZiebis gegma, respublikis mTavrobis saswrafo brZaneba rom armieRo: SeCerdi! win nuRar waxval, nurc somexTa jars gadmouSvebo.qarTvelis amoRebuli xmali qarqaSSi Caego, mxedris aborgebuligulis cema mdurviT sagules Catrialda...~mterTan pirispir Serkinebam da miRweulma gamarjvebebma kidev ufropopularuli gaxada general balo mayaSvilis saxeli, rogorc mesxeTjavaxeTismosaxleobas Soris, ise Tavis xelqveiT jariskacsa daoficrebSi.mogvianebiT misi yofili jariskaci petre qvarodinaSvilipativiscemiT igonebda: `qarTveli eris is nawili, romelsac samSoblosTavisufleba Tavis sisxlSi gaubania, qarTveli gmiri meomrebi, arasodesdaiviwyeben balo mayaSvils, am raind – mxedars da axalcixis gmirs...Cven, misi meomrebi gana odesme daviviwyebT mas, romelmac erTi muWaxalxi namdvil zegmirebad gvaqcia...da iciT am saswauls riT miaRwia generalma mayaSvilma?gamigonia, rom ruseTSi napoleonis Semosevis dros, ruseTis yvelageneralTa Soris kutuzovze metad aravin icnobda rusi jariskacissulsa da gulsao... aseTi iyo Cveni generalic... yovel sityvas, asegasinjeT, salanZRavsac ki Sig gulSi axvedrebda yovel jariskacs dasagmiro saqmeebis sakeTeblad aRanTebda maT.19

maxsovs, axalcixeSi poziciebis daTvalierebis dros Cvens TxrilSiCamovida, papirosi mogvawoda da gviTxra: mogilocavT gmirebo, dResmTavrobis Tavmjdomarisagan salami miviReT, maSvel jars gvigzavnis daCveni gmirobiT aRtacebuli samSoblos saxeliT gvibrZanebs: moseulmters gavumklavdeTo. amas ise momxibvlelad gveubneboda WaRaragenerali, rom zekacur gmirobis JiniT vinTebodiT... erTxel, CvenTanmosuls vkiTxe: batono generalo, rogor aris Cveni saqme-meTqi.- rogor iqneba, Cven ra gviSavs, kidec rom davixocoT, samSobloSidavixocebiT, magaT ikiTxon..., rom Tavis samSoblodan cxra mTas iqiTCavxocavTo!~somex-qarTvelTa omi, roca saqarTvelos jarebi yvela mimarTulebiTwarmatebul Setevebs anxorcielebdnen, 1918 wlis dekembris bolosingliselTa saokupacio nawilebis CareviT Sewyda; mebrZoli mxareebierTmaneTs daaSoriSores, sanain-alaverdis teritoria samSvidobomolaparakebis dasasrulamde neitralur zonad gamoacxades... rac SeexebamesxeT-javaxeTs, aqac somxeTTan saomari moqmedebebi, marTalia,oficialurad damTavrda, magram yaCaRuri Tavdasxmebi TiTqmisyoveldRiurad mainc ar wydeboda... saqarTvelos damoukideblobisgamocxadebiT gaborotebuli `ori dauZinebeli mteri – muslimani begebida adgilobrivi somxebi gaerTiandnen~ da daundoblad uswordebodnenadgilobriv qristian qarTvel mosaxleobas... SeSinebuli adamianebi, vincki Tavis daRwevas axerxebda saqarTvelos siRrmeSi moiwevda, anda mTa-Rreebs afarebda Tavs... general mayaSvilsa da mis samxedro Zalebs,rogorc ityvian, erTi wuTiTac ar hqondaT mosveneba da sistematuraduTanasworo SetakebebSi uxdeboda monawileobis miReba. `uTanasworoSi~imitom, rom `mis gankargulebaSi myofi jarebis raodenoba sinamdvilesar Seesabameba... realurad mas ori legioni hyavda: erTi axalcixeSi,xolo meore axalqalaqSi dabanakebuli. danarCeni samxedro nawilebisxvadasxva saxelwodebiT rom moixseniebodnen (`gansakuTrebuli razmiJordaniasi~, `kereseliZis~, `fxakaZis~ da sxv.) mxolod qaRaldzeiricxebodnen, iRebdnen sursaTs, tansacmels ara jariskacebis arsebuliricxvis mixedviT, aramed Tanaxmad Sedgenili siebisa... miuxedavad imisa,rom mayaSvili da sxva ufrosebi mTavrobisagan moiTxovdnen, TavidanmoeSorebinaT maTTvis amgvari jaris nawilebi, magram maT xels aravinaxlebda...~somxeT-saqarTvelos omis damTavrebisTanave 1919 wlis ianvrisbolos, TurqeTis agentebis mier waqezebuli SeiaraRebuli razmebiaxalcixis mazraSi SemoiWrnen da ajanyebis cecxlSi gaaxvies mesxeTjavaxeTissakmaod vrceli teritoria. ajanyebulebma server-begqoblianskis ∗ xelmZRvanelobiT mazris ori udidesi sofeli ude daarali daikaves da nacar-tutad aqcies.20

1919 wlis ianvris bolo dekadaSi ufro organizebuli xasiaTimiiRo server-begisa da sxvaTa Tavdasxmebma mSvidobian qarTulmosaxleobaze. saqarTvelos depeSaTa saagentos mier gavrcelebul erTerTcnobaSi, romelic axalcixis mazraSi arsebul situacias Seexeboda,naTqvami iyo: `artaanis olqis focxovis raionidan, sadac dRemdeimyofeba osmalTa generali xalil bei, axalcixis mazraSi SemoiWrnenSeiaraRebuli `bandebi~, romelTa Soris mravlad arian askerebi,daaxevines Cvens sadarajo razmebs da daikaves ramdenime sofeli. ambandebs meTauroben osmalTa agentebi da adgilobrivi begebi. eseniprovokaciisa da teroris saSualebiT mcxovrebT amxedreben saqarTvelosrespublikis winaaRmdeg.1919 wlis ianvris 22-s samxedro ministrma axalcixidan generalmayaSvilis mier gamogzavnili Semdegi cnoba miiRo: focxovis raionidanSemoWrili `bandebi~ damarcxebul da ganadgurebul iqna. am`bandebisagan~ gaTavisuflebuli soflebi saqarTvelos respublikismorCilebas acxadeben da iTxoven patiebas. me moviTxove maTgan niSnadmorCilebisa mTeli iaraRis gadmocema, razedac mcxovrebni dasTanxmdnen.~1919 wlis ianvris bolo dReebSi server-begma moaxerxa axalcixismazris mahmadian mosaxleobaSi ajanyebis provocireba, ajanyebulebmaxelT igdes mazris ori udidesi qarTuli kaTolikuri sofeli ude daarali da miwasTan gaaswores isini... jariskacTa umravlesoba mtersSeakvda, magram generali b. mayaSvili iZulebuli iyo ukan daxevisbrZaneba gaeca... mTavroba kargad iyo informirebuli, Tu ra xdebodaaxalcixis mazraSi... generali giorgi mazniaSvili igonebs: `1919 wlis 3Tebervals, samxedro ministrma TavisTan mimiwvia da amixsna, romaxalcixisa da axalqalaqis general-gubernatoris saqme kargad ver aris,rom pirvel Tebervals sofel aralisa, udesi da vaxnarTan dabanakebuljarebs daecnen ajanyebuli adgilobrivi mcxovrebni da Cveni jarebiiZulebulni gaxdnen ukan daexiaT; rom yarsSi daarsda muslimanebiscalke respublika, romelsac saTaveSi udgas axalcixis mcxovrebiserver-beg aTabagi, romelic scdilobs gandevnos Cveni administracia dajarebi axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebidan, rom mTavrobaukmayofiloa general mayaSvilis moqmedebiT da ganzraxva aqvs isTanamdebobidan gadaayenos da mis adgilze me damniSnos...~generali g. mazniaSvili Tanxmobis micemisTanave mesxeT-javaxeTisgeneral-gubernatorad da iq dabanakebuli jaris ufrosad iniSneba...meore dRes, saRamos is ukve axalcixeSia da general mayaSvils cvlis.g. mazniaSvili didi pativiscemiT axasiaTebs Tavis winamorbeds,rogorc SesaniSnav profesionals, did mamuliSvils, Zvel da gamocdilsardals... da iziarebs mis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom server-begi damisi damqaSni – osmaleTis emisrebi ki ar iyvnen, aramed mTavrobis mierxeldasmuli dabali administraciuli aparati mesxeT-javaxeTis mxarisa...21

im dReebis Sesaxeb cota mogvianebiT axalcixidan gamogzanil erTerTkorespondenciaSi, romelic gazeT `saxalxo saqmeSia~ dastambuli,naTqvamia: `dRes danamdvilebiT gavigeT, rom baton leo ruxaZiswyalobiT generali mayaSvili gadauyenebiaT Tavis Tanamdebobidan da mismagier dauniSnavT generali mazniaSvili. ras mogvitans mazniaSvili,axlo momavali gviCvenebs. mayaSvilma zedmiwevniT icoda axalcixis damisi mazris mdebareoba. leo ruxaZem da misma damqaSebma didi xanianiSanSi amoiRes igi da gadaayenes kidec samsaxuridan, magram Cven RrmadvarT darwmunebulni, rom jaris ukan daxevaSi didi danaSauli miuZRviTsanCo-panCo social-demokratebs, vidre general mayaSvils.~general g. mazniaSvilis TqmiT, `5 Tebervals, saRamos, generalimayaSvili tfilisisaken gamoemgzavra~.12 Tebervals axalcixeSi focxovis jari Semovida server-begqoblianskis meTaurobiT... maT maSinve daapatimres qarTuliadministraciis iq darCenili warmomadgenlebi... gafacicebiT daeZebdnen –haidar abaSiZes, leo ruxaZesa da yadir SarvaSiZes... axalcixeSiCarCenili qarTvelebi ki saSinel dReSi Cavardnen.generali g. mazniaSvili, iTvaliswinebda ra general b. mayaSvilismosazrebebs, energiulad Seudga mdgomareobis gamosworebas, magram manraime mniSvnelovani operaciis ganxorcieleba ver moaswro: mTavrobam igiukan gamoiwvia da mis adgilas generali giorgi kvinitaZe daniSna... esukanakneli ufro principuli aRmoCnda xelisuflebasTan urTierTobaSi,SesZlo Tavis xelSi aeRo samxedro da samoqalaqo mmarTvelobisfunqciebi da unariani samxedro operaciebis dagegmviTa daganxorcielebiT axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebis isevsaqarTvelosaTvis dabruneba moaxerxa... es moxda 1919 wlis martisdasawyisSi.imave xanebSi, kerZod, 14 marts, saqarTvelos respublikisdamfuZnebelma krebam niko eliavas winadadebiT Seqmna gansakuTrebulikomisia, romelsac daevala axalcixis amboxebis yovelmxriv gamoZieba-Seswavla. komisia, romelSic Sediodnen – gizo anjafariZe (soc.-demokrati), samson fircxalava (soc.-federalisti), petre surgulaZe(erovn.-demokrati) da sxvebi, 17 marts adgilze gaemgzavra.komisiam guldasmiT imuSava... Tavisi fexiT moiara mravalidasaxlebuli punqti, romelTagan umetesoba miwasTan iyo gasworebuli,Sexvda sxvadasxva fenis warmomadgenlebs, dakiTxa aTeulobiTgansxvavebuli sarwmunoebisa da erovnebis adamiani, Seiswavla araerTioficialuri dokumenti da Seadgina vrceli moxsenebiTi baraTi`axalcixis amboxebis Sesaxeb~ da umaRles organoebs warudgina...damfuZnebeli krebis ∗ sagangebo komisiam Tavis daskvnaSi xazgasmiTmiuTiTa: `cudi STabeWdileba gamoiwvia imanac, rom generalgubernatorobaCamoarTves general mayaSvils, romelsac didi22

damsaxureba hqonda moxveWili adgilobriv mcxovrebTa Soris. esgenerali SarSan ramdenime Tvis ganmavalobaSi mSvenivrad icavdaaxalcixes, icnobda mis yovel kuTxes. roca Zala-uflebiT aRWurvesleo ruxaZe, niWieri, magram metismetad axalgazrda kaci, xalxssaqarTvelos mTavrobis pativiscema daekarga.~aRsaniSnavia, rom masSi arsad ar aris miTiTebuli general balomayaSvilis, rogorc mxaris general-gubernatoris, raime konkretuldanaSaulze, piriqiT, araerTi daskvnaa gakeTebuli misi sasargeblosaqmianobis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia imis Taobaze, Tu raukmayofileba gamoiwvia xalxSi, general mayaSvilis nacvlad, leoruxaZisaTvis upiratesobis miniWebam da misma dawinaurebam... `cudiSTabeWdileba gamoiwvia imanac, rom general-gubernatoroba CamoarTvesgeneral mayaSvils, romelsac didi damsaxureba hqonda adgilobrivmcxovrebTa Soris. es generali SarSan (igulisxmeba 1918 weli – g. s.),ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi mSvenivrad icavda axalcixes, icnobdayovelive mis kuTxes... roca Zala-uflebiT aRWurves l. ruxaZe niWieri,magram axalgazrda kaci, xalxs saqarTvelos mTavrobis pativiscemadaekarga...~gazeTi `saxalxo saqme~ 18 martis nomerSi dastambulkorespondenciaSi, am faqtTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavda: `dResve (e. i. 7marts – g. s.) gadmogvces, rom leo ruxaZec mova axalcixeSio.Cven swored ver gamogvirkvevia: raRa saqme aqvs da risTvis modisruxaZe da an risTvis gzavnis mas mTavroba axalcixeSi?SeiZleba mTavrobam sTqvas, rom ruxaZes araviTari danaSauli armiuZRvis mesxeT-javaxeTis winaSe da Tu es asea, maSin Cven Tavs nebasvaZlevT vifiqroT, rom Tu ruxaZe ar aris damnaSave, maSasadame TviTmTavroba yofila damnaSave mesxeT-javaxeTis ukanasknel ambebSi.... loRikada samarTlianoba moiTxovda xalxis gonebis dasamSvideblad ruxaZismagier mTavrobas sxva kaci gamoegzavna. am ambavma sazogadoebaSiukmayofileba gamoiwvia~.mesxeT-javaxeTis general-gubernatorobidan ganTavisuflebuli balomayaSvili TbilisSi brundeba yovelgvari samsaxuris gareSe. am drosTbilisis general-gubernatoris posti noe ramiSvilisa da noexomerikis rekomendaciiT axalgazrda Salva maRlakeliZes ukavia,romelic Tavis mxriv Tanadgomas aRmouCens general mayaSvils da masTbilisis garnizonis ufrosad (komendantad) niSnavs.Tbilisis garnizonis ufrosis Tanamdebobaze daniSnuli balomayaSvili, imTaviTve upirveles yuradRebas aqcevs dedaqalaqSidislocirebul jaris nawilebSi disciplinis ganmtkicebis saqmes. amaSixedavs igi qveynis TavdacviTi Zlierebis gaumjobesebis erT-erT pirobas.im xanebSi misi xelmoweriT gamocemul brZanebebSi, `Tbilisisgarnizonisadmi,~ TvalnaTliv gamosWvivis es survili. magaliTad, 191923

wlis 22 Tebervlis #57-e brZanebis erT-erT paragrafSi igimiuTiTebda: `miuxedavad samxedro ministris sastiki brZanebisa... mearaerTxel SevniSne, rom zogierTi oficeri atarebs misTvisaraminiWebul wodebis pagonebs... civi iaraRis tarebis uflebis mqoneoficrebi, eqimebi da sxv. ar icaven am moTxovnas da a. S. esdauSvebelia~.anda sxva magaliTi aviRoT: 1919 wlis 28 martis #87-e brZaneba:`samxedro ministris (im dros saqarTvelos respublikis samxedroministri iyo samoqalaqo piri, menSeviki gr. giorgaZe – g. s.) brZanebisgamo vacxadeb, rom yvela oficeri, romelic oficris wodebisaraSesaferisad iqceva, atarebs iseT formas, romelic mas ar ekuTvnis,xmarobs oficris formas, magram jarSi ki ar aris da samsaxurismowmoba ara aqvs, datusaRebuli iqneba. samsaxurSi myofi oficrebi,yovelgvars Cxubis, davidarabisa da ayalmayalisaTvis dauyovneblivdaTxovnilni iqnebian saqarTvelos respublikis jarSi samsaxuridan~.general g. kvinitaZis TqmiT: `axalcixis ambebi 1919 wlisTebervalSi datrialda. es gaxldaT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ajanyeba...ajanyeba erT-erTi memamulis, server-beg qoblianskis waqezebiT daiwyo.mas zurgs umagrebda realuri Zala – saxelmwifo `kavkasiis samxreTdasavleTiteritoria~. es saxelmwifo yarsisa da ardaganisagan Seiqmna,aWaris federaciul erTeulad SeerTebasac lamobda da amis Taobazemolaparakebebsac marTavda... 1918 wels ki Cvenma warumateblobam –baTumis, axalcixis da axalqalaqis dakargvam mosaxleoba sabolooddaarwmuna saqarTvelos sisusteSi. amasobaSi Cvenma mTavrobam axalcixedaibruna da iq Tavis warmomadgenelad daniSna leo ruxaZe, romelmacaqaurobisaTvis erTob ucxo socialisturi ideebis gavrceleba dadanergva daiwyo. am axalma ideebma memamuleTa da sasuliero pirTawinaaRmdegoba gamoiwvia, ramac server-begis wisqvilze daasxa wyali... ammomentSi qarTulma mcirericxovanma jarma sayovelTao ajanyebis SeCerebaver SeZlo... aqve SevniSnavT, rom es iyo Sedegi samTavrobo rwmunebulisl. ruxaZis da samxedro xelmZRvanelobis SeuTanxmebeli muSaobisa.amaSi, rasakvirvelia, didi wvlili miuZRvis social-demokratiulimTavrobis internacionaluri ideebiT TavdamZimebul moRvaweTa umwifarnabijebs...~miuxedavad imisa, rom generali b. mayaSvili udidesipasuxismgeblobiT ekideba Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebas, ministr gr.giorgaZis gankargulebis Tu brZanebebis cxovrebaSi zedmiwevniTgatarebas, mas mainc amrezilad uyurebdnen samTavrobo wreebSi. S.maRlakeliZes, aiZuleben dedaqalaqis mTavari mecixovnis postidaatovebinos b. mayaSvils..Salva maRlakeliZe, amasTan dakavSirebiT, igonebda: `mayaSvili memoviwvie, rodesac Tbilisis general-gubernatori viyavi da davniSne24

Tbilisis komendantad. amaze ayayandnen socialistebi: Tqvenreaqcionerebi xarTo da aiZules mayaSvili da mec maiZules, romgameTavisuflebia...~es is periodia, roca damfuZnebeli krebis samxedro komisia,samxedro sabWo, saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis aqtiurimonawileobiT sajariso SenaerTebis reorganizacias anxorcieleben,sadac sakiTxis gadawyveta ubralo umravlesobiT, anu `TiTebis aweviT~xdeboda. `reorganizaciis dros balo mayaSvili generlis Tanamdebobazear moxvda imitom, rom damfuZnebeli krebis samxedro komisiam gaauqmatfilisis komendantis Tanamdeboba...~ man ki `uadgilod da ulukmapuroddarCenilma~, romelmac `mxedrobis meti araferi icoda, aTaseulisufrosoba Seuracxmyofel daqveiTebad CaTvala da aderbeijanis jarSiSesvla arCia~, romelsac imJamad saqarTvelosTan samokavSireoxelSekruleba hqonda dadebuli. generalma b. mayaSvilma amazesaqarTvelos mTavrobis nebarTva miiRo.imis Taobaze, Tu rogor moxda mamaci da samSobloze uzomodSeyvarebuli generlis isev sxvis samsaxurSi Cadgoma, naTel warmodgenasgviqmnis gazeT `erTobaSi~ dabeWdili werili, _ `aRmaSfoTebelisaqcieli~, romelic b. mayaSvilis tragikulad daRupvas exmianeba...xelmZRvaneli partiis centraluri organo yofil samxedro ministrsgr. giorgaZes sdebs brals, romelsac Tavisi mosazrebebi gamouTqvamsopoziciuri gazeTis `axali sxivis~ (redaqtori gr. veSapeli)furclebze...`cnobilia romaelTa Tqmuleba, - wers `erToba~, - De mortuis autbene aut nihil (gansvenebulTa Sesaxeb an araferi, an kargio).SeiZleba Tqven ar daeTanxmoT romaelT, magram gansvenebulisgarSemo wvrilmani angariSebis gasworeba, sruliad axali saqmea. es`saqme~ gr. giorgaZem ikisra.gr. giorgaZis saqcielis gverdis axveva yovlad SeuZlebelia.baqos balSevikebma daxvrites generali balo mayaSvili, adamianiumwikvlo da sruliad udanaSaulo. araviTar SeTqmulebaSi ismonawileobas ar miiRebda. es TviT baqoelma komunistebma kargad ician.mosalodneli iyo, rom `axali sxivi~ da gr. giorgaZe komunistTabarbarosobas Sesafer msjavrs dasdebdnen. axla yuri davugdoT gr.giorgaZes, is swers: `mere ram gadaxvewa es gmiri aderbeijanSi, rammoaSora is samSoblos, romelic mas ase uyvarda? jaris reorganizaciisdros, rodesac adgilze gamweseba TiTebiT swydeboda, balo uadgiloTdatoves, ulukmapuroT darCa, man mxedrobis meti araferi icoda daCveni mTavrobis nebarTviT aderbeijanis jarSi Sevida~.dasasrul: `komunistebma simxece Caidines, magram ra ewodeba immoqmedebas, romlis meoxebiT aseTi erTguli da sasargeblo pirovnebasamSoblodan ganidevna?~25

mkiTxveli xedavs, rom gr. giorgaZe komunistebiT ar kmayofildebada wvdeba im `TiTebs~, romelmac balo mayaSvili `samSoblodangandevna~, rom gr. giorgaZes savsebiT ar daekarga mdgomareobis gagebisunari, is unda gaCumebuliyo im kiTxvebis Sesaxeb, romelsac ewodebajaris reorganizacia, magram sCans, mas davTari daebna. amitom saWiroasruli suraTis aRdgena. roca gr. giorgaZe samxedro saministrosmoSorda, saerTo azri iyo, rom aucileblad saWiroa jarisxelmZRvaneli wreebis gawmenda. es saqme samxedro ministrTan erTadikisra samxedro sabWom da damfuZnebeli krebis samxedro komisiamsaxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis energiuli monawileobiT. marTalia, aqjaris xelmZRvanelTa Tanamdebobaze gaweseba `TiTebiT swydeboda~, magramTiTqmis yvela gadawyvetilebas erTxmad iRebdnen. es cotaa.reorganizaciis gatarebiT yvelani kmayofili darCnen, maT Soriscnobili mxedrebic. Tu gr. giorgaZe gamonakliss warmoadgenda dareorganizaciiT ukmayofilo iyo, ra sdumda is dRemdis?reorganizaciis dros balo mayaSvili generlis Tanamdebobaze armoxvda. da es imitom, rom damfuZnebeli krebis samxedro komisiamgaauqma tfilisis komendantis Tanamdeboba, romlis movaleobasasrulebda gansvenebuli mayaSvili. man ar moisurva aTaseulis ufrosobada arCia azderbeijanSi wasvla, risTvisac Sesaferi nebarTva miiRo. esiyo da es. ra SuaSia aq `TiTebi~, anda `samSoblodan gandevna~.yvelaferi es xom kargad ician samxedro saministros maSindelmameTaurebma, agreTve samxedro komisiisa da saxalxo gvardiis mTavariStabis wevrebma. nuTu es ar icis gr. giorgaZem?..~datyvevebuli generali balo mayaSvili baqos sagangebo komisiamgaasamarTla da sikvdilis ganaCeni gamoutana.`komunistebis es barbarosuli saqcieli ar gvikvirs, – es maTiTandayolili Tvisebaa! – werda im dReebSi gazeTi `saxalxo saqme~, -gveintereseba mxolod Semdegi: ra zomebi miiRes am saqmeSi saqarTvelossagareo saqmeTa ministrma da Cvenma diplomatiurma warmomadgenelmaalSibaiam da, ra garantiaa imisa, rom baqos mesveurTa sisxliani xeliar imsxverplebs danarCen Cvens Tanamemamuleebs?!~cota mogvianebiT, xsenebuli gazeTis korespodndenti ermilexavTasi, romelic baqoSi imyofeboda, Tavis vrcel werilSi`ganaxlebuli aderbeijani~ dawvirilebiT aRwerda, Tu ra dReSi CayaresbolSevikebma da ruseTis meTerTmete armiam azerbaijanis dedaqalaqismcxovrebni, maT Soris sxvadasxva qveynis diplomatiuri misiebiswarmomadgenlebic...azerbaijanSi bolSevikuri gadatrialebis Semdeg generali balomayaSvili samSobloSi dabrunebas cdilobs, magram ugzoobisa da sxvamravali dabrkolebis mizeziT, amas ver axerxebs... komunistebma igidaapatimres da SeTqmulebaSi monawileoba daabrales... manamde ki mis26

Tvalwin gaiara qarTveli oficrebisa da jariskacebis dapatimrebisa dadamcirebis saSinelma suraTma... da ara marto samxedro mosamsaxureTadiplomaturi korpusis warmomadgenelTa dacinvisa da abuCad agdebisa,aramed yvela imaTi, vinc sabWoTa samsaxurSi Sesvla ar isurva.`rodesac komunistebi azerbeijanis Sinagani moRalateebis wyalobiTbaqoSi SemoiWrnen, yovelive miangr-moangries da Tavis velurobas aRviriwaxsnes, rogorc amboben, sxvaTaSoris, saqarTvelos misiiswarmomadgenels dgebuaZes quCis gva daawyebines. mamuliSvilma daWeSmaritma mxedarma, suliT generalma mayaSvilma samSoblosSeuracxyofa ver aitana da unamuso moZaladeebs pirSi miaxala: - nebaara gaqvT saqarTvelos diplomatiur warmomadgenels quCa agvevinoT! magsaqmes me Sevasruleb, rogorc jariskacio!marTalia Tu ara es cnoba ar viciT, aseTi xma ki gamovida, magramvinc general mayaSvils icnobda, daijerebs, rom igi saqarTvelosSeuracxyofas aravis apatiebda~, – werda ioseb imedaSvili ∗ .balo mayaSvilis tragikulma aRsasrulma didad daamwuxra mesxeTjavaxeTismosaxleoba, romlebsac kargad axsovdaT WaRara generlissamSoblos sakeTildReod gaweuli Tavdadebuli saqcieli. axalcixidangamogzavnil informaciaSi aRniSnuli iyo: `dRes, 5 ivliss, wm. giorgistaZarSi gadaxdil iqna panaSvidi general balo mayaSvilis sulismosaxsenieblad, romelic gmirulad da mowamebrivad Seewira samSoblos.panaSvids daeswrnen damfuZnebeli krebis wevri T. kikvaZe, generalivaSakiZe, samxedro pirni da sxvadasxva dawesebulebaTa warmomadgenlebida mravali moqalaqeni. brwyinvale xsovna general mayaSvilisadauviwyari iqneba mesxTa gulSi da momavali Taoba mayaSvilis gmirobasxalxur simReraSi gamoxatavs.~sazogadoebaSi, imave xanebSi, Seiqmna miTqma-moTqma, imis Taobaze, Tura iRona saqarTvelos respublikis saelCom general balo mayaSvilisada sxva qarTvel momsaxureTa dasacavad. eWvebs gamoTqvamdnen elCisgrigol alSibaias upatiosno rolze am saqmeSi da a. S.1920 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos sainformacio biuroityobineboda: `baqoSi myof saqarTvelos diplomatiuri warmomadgenlis– alSibaias cnobiT, – 26 ivnisamde baqoSi daxvretilia 3 qarTvelioficeri – polkovniki nikoloz TumaniSvili, generali abel mayaSvilida korneti a. TofuriZe, romelic sagangebo mindobilobis moxeleTmsaxurobda baqos `sagradonaCalnikosTan~. polkovniki Tumanovidaxvrites maisis Sua ricxvebSi, rodesac sabWoTa azerbaijanisaqarTvelos eomeboda da Cveni diplomatiuri warmomadgeneli alSibaiacixeSi ijda, xolo general mayaSvils, kornet TofuriZesa da sxvebs,sul 49 kacs, baqos `CrezviCaika~-m sikvdiliT dasja 12 ivniss miusaja.17 ivniss, RamiT, igi sisruleSi iqna moyvanili general mayaSvilisa dakornet TofuriZis mimarT.27

general mayaSvilisa da kornet TofuriZis daxvretis Sesaxeb xmebiqalaqSi (baqoSi) pirvelad 20 ivniss gavrcelda. 21 ivniss eqimmaalSibaiam inaxula saxalxo komisari huseinovi, raTa gaerkvia am `xmebis~WeSmariteba. miiRo ra cnobebi am mZime faqtis sisworis Sesaxeb,alSibaiam gamoTqva rac SeiZleba energiuli protesti sagareo saqmeTaministr huseinovis mimarT da mas Semdegi ganucxada: `Tu damtkicdeba,rom mayaSvili daxvretilia 18 ivnisis Semdeg, anu mas Semdeg, rac merwmunebebi momces, maSin me vixsni yvela rwmunebebs da mivdivarTfilisSi Tqven ara gsurT Tqveni dapirebebis da garantiebis asruleba,- aseT atomsferoSi ki me muSaoba ar SemiZlia~- o.saxalxo komisarma huseinovma dauyovnebliv gamoiwvia `CrezviCaikis~Tavmjdomare pankratovi, romelmac warmoadgina gamoZiebis mTelimasala... mayaSvilisa da kornet TofuriZis mimarT... mayaSvilsdanaSaulad eTvleboda aqtiuri brZola bolSevikebis winaaRmdegmusavaTelebis mTarobis dros da agreTve monawileoba ganjaSi momxdarsabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg ajanyebaSi; kornet TofuriZesbraldeboda `kontrazvetkaSi~ muSaoba~.saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministris amxanagma qarcivaZem 26ivniss Semdegi Sinaarsis depeSa gagzavna azerbaijanis sagareo saqmeTasaxalxo komisrisa da saqarTvelos warmomadgenlis alSibaias saxelze:`Cvens mier miRebuli cnobebis Tanaxmad azerbaijanis sabWoTa mTavrobambaqoSi daatusaRa da sasamarTlos gadasca generali mayaSvili da sxvapirebi, romelTa gvarebi Cven ar viciT, viTomda ganjis ambebis mowyobaSimiRebis gamo. vacxadebT ra protests azerbaijanis sabWoTa mTavrobisaseTi moqmedebis winaaRmdeg, rac arRvevs aRstafis xelSekrulebis XVIImuxls, romelic orive qveynis moqalaqeebs aniWebs samSobloSidaubrkoleblad dabrunebis uflebas, miuxedavaT maTi sazogadoebrivi dasamsaxureobrivi mdgomareobisa, Cven vacxadebT, rom piradad vicnobTgeneral mayaSvils da Cveni mxriv veWvobT, rom mas danaSaulobamiuZRodes im saqmeebSi, romelsac mas aweren~.es ukve ukan midevnebul lampars gavda. general balo mayaSvilissicocxle xelyofili iyo da gvami kaspiis zRvis talRebs mibarebuli...magram adre Tu gvian `arra ars saidumlo rom ar gacxaddes~.mogvianebiT cnobili gaxda, rom baqoSi komunisturi gadatrialebisdros araerT sulgayidul qarTvelsac `usaxelebia~ Tavisi sicocxlisada qonebis gadarCenis gulisaTvis. maT Soris yofila saqarTvelosdiplomatiuri misiis xelmZRvaneli gr. alSibaia, romelsac, zogierTicnobiT. imTaviTve daumyarebia kavSiri bolSevikebTan.general balo mayaSvilis pirovnul Rirsebebs da samSoblosadmi misTavdadebas didi siTboTi gadmoscems saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebisprezidiumis mdivani qristine SaraSiZe ∗ , misi gardacvalebidan 40 dRis28

gasvlis gamo, romelic gaz. `erTobis~ 1920 wlis 25 ivlisis nomerSiadastambuli:`SeuZlebelia waiSalos xsovnidan am `sangrebis generlis~ mTliani,TaviseburebebiT aRsavse pirovneba. is pirveli gacnobisTanave ipyrobdayuradRebas originaluri, donkixotiseuli garegnobiT da cxovelienergiis nametnavobiT, rac yovel mis swraf moZraobaSi, saxisgamometyvelebaSi da saubarSi ixateboda.ufro daaxloebiT gacnoba gamoamJRavnebda TqvenTvis generalmayaSvilis Zvelebur keTilSobilebas da sidarbaisles, romelic CvensdroSi momxiblavia, rogorc samudamod gamqrali warsulis saucxoonaSTi. Tu Tqven ramdenime xans dahyofdiT general mayaSvilTan,daukvirdebodiT mis urTierTobas umcros TanamSromlebTan, misdamirwmunebul mazris mahmadian da qristian, qarTvelsa da araqarTvelmcxovreblebTan, Tqven aRmoaCendiT general mayaSvilis kidev erTsaukeTeso Tvisebas – man mSvenivrad icoda vis rogor mopyroboda, mashqonda iSviaTi bunebrivi taqti. swored am taqtiT daaRwia man TavibolSevikur ruseTs 1918 wlis damdegs. is ekuTvnoda adamianTa immcired jgufs, visac Rirseulad uWiravs Tavi mudam da yvelasTan daamiT pativiscemis grZnobas iwvevs mter-moyvaris mxriT.yoveli, rac general mayaSvilze vsTqviT, sainteresos xdida mas,rogorc pirovnebas, magram rogori iyo is, rogorc moqalaqe damxedari?jer kidev Zveli ruseTis jaris daSlamdis moixveWa man `sangrisgenerlis~ (`окопный генерал~) saxeli Tavis simamaciT da jariskacebTandaaxloebiT. ar vici esmoda Tu ara mas ganaxlebuli saqarTvelos mizanida miswrafeba, magram Cven viciT, rom misi Zveleburi patriotizmiaxalgazrduli enTuziazmiT aCqrolebda axalcixis damcvelTa guls. CvenviciT, rom misi piradi simamacis wyalobiT SevinarCuneT Cven mesxeTisnawili, roca baTumi davkargeT.im mwared mosagonar dros Cveni damwuxrebuli suli sasicocxloZalas hpovebda Coloqis brwyinvale brZoliTa da axalcixis saxelovanidacviT. im dros gaicno da Seiyvara saqarTvelom generali mayaSvili.generali mayaSvilis sifxizlis meoxebiT misdia kvaldakval osmalosjarebs Cvenma jarma axalcixe-javaxeTis sazRvramde, mokavSireTagamarjvebis Semdgom. generali mayaSvilis sardlobiTve moipova Cvenmamxedrobam gamarjveba somxebTan brZolaSi axalqalaqis frontze.generalma mayaSvilma pirnaTlad moixada vali samSoblos winaSe –dauzogavad amsaxura mas Tavisi gamocdileba da mamacuri xmali. da TubrZolis velze sikvdiliT ara – sagmiro saqmeebiT xom mainc mianiWa`sicocxle da ukvdaveba mSobel qveyanas~.29

general balo mayaSvilis pirovnul portrets, vfiqrobT, ufrometad daamSvenebs kidev erTi Strixi, romlis Taobaze ioseb imedaSviligvauwyebs:`igi namdvili mxedari iyo, qarTveli meomari... maxsovs, SarSan (e. i.1919 wlis – g. s.) suraTi vTxove, rogorc damsaxurebul sardals,JurnalSi mosaTavseblad, roca is Tbilisis mecixovneTa ufrosi iyo.- raT gindaT? – mkiTxa.- Tqven didi Rvawli dasdeT Cvens samSoblos axalcixeSi da...- ara, batono, me Sevasrule samSoblos jariskacis movaleoba, ismovaleoba, romelic yovel qarTvels evaleba-o, Semawyvetina.~X X XaseTia mokled general abel (balo) gabrielis Ze mayaSvilis mierganvilili cxovrebis gza, pirovnebisa da mamuliSvilisa, gamoCenilisamxedro moRvawisa, romelic `erTi im iSviaTi mxedarTmTavarTagani iyo,romelnic sicocxlis wlebs samSoblos diadobis samsxverploze undaswvavdnen, magram es ase ar moxda. mizezTa da mizezTa gamo igisamSoblos ganSorda da dReni Tavisni avazakTa xeliT ucxoeTSi dalia~,- (ioseb imedaSvili).sinanuliT miuTiTebda generlis yofili jariskaci petreqvarodinaSvili. `general mayaSvils samSobloSi da samSoblosaTvissikvdili arafrad miaCnda miT ufro samwuxaroa, am patiosani da gmirimeomris Tavisi xalxis mosiyvarule guli mxTal da yvelas dayvelafris moZule avazakTagan ase... rom iqna gangmiruli, Sors,samSoblos gareT~, _eris istoria adre Tu gvian yvelas Tavisas miagebs. miTumetes,RirseulT dasakargavad da dasaviwyedlad arasdros imetebs. da ai,dadga dro, daviwyebis ferflwayrili mamauliSvilis general abel(balo) mayaSvilis saxelic da `saqmeni sagmironic~ yvelasaTvis sacnaurigaxdes.30

X X Xam didi patriotis tragikuli cxovrebis istorias kidev erTidaTalxuli furceli unda mivumato...iqneb RvTis neba iyo da ara pirsisxliani mtris mier gamotaniliganaCeni, WaRara generali ise wasuliyo am qveynidan, rom ar Seswrebodaim udides tragedias, rac misi daRupvidan cota xnis Semdeg Tavsdaatyda mis ojaxs. 1920 wlis 13 agvistos, TbilisTan axlos samxedroTviTmfrinaviT sawvrTneli varjiSis dros daiRupa misi ufrosi Svili,qarTuli samxedro saaviacio gundis ufrosi, maiori nikoloz mayaSvili.am sazarelma cnobam gaaogna qaruli sazogadoeba... respublikismTavrobam Seqmna damkrZalavi komisia. dakrZalvis xarjebisaTvisgamoyofil iqna 100 000 maneTi.panaSvidebs, romlebic samxedro taZarSi imarTeboda, uamravi xalxieswreboda. gamosvenebis dRes, 14 agvistos, gamosaTxovari wirvasaqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma leonidem Seasrula. panaSvidseswrebodnen: mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgile da sagareo saqmeTaministri evgeni gegeWkori ∗ , samxedro ministri grigol lorTqifaniZe,damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumi aleqsandre lomTaTiZis meTaurobiT,respublikis jarebis mTavarsardali generali giorgi kvinitaZe ∗ ,generali ioseb gedevaniSvili, saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevri akakiCxenkeli ∗ da sxvebi.taZridan cxedari gamoasvenes: evgeni gegeWkorma, al. lomTaTiZem, ak.Cxenkelma da g. kvinitaZem. procesia didubisaken gaemarTa. procesiaSimonawileobas Rebulobda artileriis, qveiTi jarisa da saxalxogvardiis nawilebi. maiori nikoloz mayaSvili dakrZales didubiseklesiis galavanSi, aseve udrood daRupuli qarTveli samxedromfrinavebis malaSxiasa da grigalaSvilis gverdiT.im dReebSi qarTuli presis furclebze gamoqveynebuli ramdenimepublikaciis gacnoba naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis saxelovani mamisRirseul Svilze, imaze, Tu risi gakeTeba moaswro man samSoblossakeTildReod, ra rols asrulebda igi axalgazrda qarTuliSeiaraRebuli Zalebis, kerZod, misi norCi samxedro aviaciis Seqmnisa daganmtkicebis saqmeSi.`am cota xanSi ramdenjer iyo saqarTvelo kritikul mdgomareobaSi,roca misi damoukidebloba bewvze ekida, mfrinavi mayaSvili saukeTesodaraji iyo samSoblos Tavdacvisa da Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom masTvalsaCino Rvawli miuZRvis Cveni eris damoukideblobis dacvaSi, _ aryofila arc erTi fronti saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg aRmarTuli,romelSic mas mxurvale monawileoba ar mieRos: gagraSi, axalcixeSi,somxebTan Tu azerbaijanTan omebSi... werda oficeri soso CitoSvili...32

iqve mokled iyo gadmocemuli nikoloz mayaSvilis mier ganvlilixanmokle cxovrebis gza. mas Tavisi axalgazrdoba ruseTSi gautarebia.saSualo ganaTleba cimbiris kadetTa korpusSi miuRia, SemdegwarmatebiT daumTavrebia pavlovis samxedro saswavlebeli da samsaxuripoloneTSi qalaq alitSi mdgar samxedro nawilis artileriaSi dauwyia.qalaq sevastopolis aviaciis samxedro saswavlebelis damTavrebisSemdeg, rogorc saukeTeso mfrinavi iqve dautovebiaT swavlebisinstruqtorad; ramdenime Tvis Semdeg nikoloz mayaSvili q.sevastopolis aviaciis samxedro skolis ufrosad dauniSnavT. ruseTSibolSevikuri gadatrialebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi dabrunebulisamSoblos dacvis sadarajoze dgas mamamisis, – generali b. mayaSviligvediT. 1918 wlis noemberSi nikoloz mayaSvils saqarTvelos aviaciissamxedro skolis ufrosad niSnaven, xolo Semdeg respublikis aviaciisxelmZRvanelobas andoben... 30 wlis axalgazrdisaTvis es udidesi pativida movaleoba iyo. igi mudam magaliTs uCvenebda xelqveiTebs maRaliprofesionalizmisas da mzad iyo samSoblos keTildReobas Seswirvoda...moulodnelma aRsasrulma mravali Canafiqris ganxorcielebaSi SeuSalaxeli...nikoloz balos (abelis) Ze mayaSvilis nekrologSi `q. S.~ (qarumiZeSalva) gulistkiviliT werda: `damoukidebel saqarTvelos hyvananbrwyinvale moRvaweebi, romelTa saxelebic sicocxleSive Semosiliadidebis naTeli SaravandediT. mTeli eri icnobs maT, Tvals adevnebs maTsaqmeebs, afasebs TvalsaCino nayofs maTi moqmedebisas, magramganuzomelia stiqia Semoqmedebisa, romelic Cveni qveynisdamoukideblobis dRidan amoZravda da mravali uCinari mWedeli WedavsCveni Tavisuflebis Seudrekel javSans. am mravalTa Soris rCeuli iyomaiori n. mayaSvili, saqarTvelos norCi aviaciis naTeli suli.Tbilisze karga moSorebiT, sadgur navTluRis iqiT gaSlilmindorze, sadac am ori wlis wineT erT-or Senobas Zlivs mohkravdiTTvals, amJamad mTeli patara qalaqia gaSenebuli: eleqtronis didisadguriT, saxelosnoebiT, sadgomebiT, oficrebisa da jariskacebisfardulebiT, saca aeroplanebi inaxeba. vinc daivlis am Senobebs, vincdaakvirdeba im muSaobas, dauRalavi muSa-futkariviT rom awarmoeben ampatara qalaqis mcxovrebni, is igrZnobs, rom Cveni saxelmwifoebriviorganoebi izrdeba da mtkicdeba da Cvens naTel momavals mtkicesafuZveli eyreba.amas grZnobdnen yvelani, vinc Tavi moiyara agvistos 2-s saaviaciodResaswaulze, aerodromze... musikis xma gaismis. aeroplanebi, esuzarmazari frinvelebi, jer uxerxulad mogogaven dedamiwaze daerTxans uqmed miaTreven TavianT gaSlil frTebs, magram scildebian Tuara dedamiwas msubuqad da mardad sWrian cis sivrces...33

erTi yvelaze maRla afrinda... Tavbrudamxvevi siswrafiT cibrutiviTtrialebs... xalxi aRtacebuli taSiT ajildovebs daxelovnebulmfrinavs. mTeli yuradReba misken aris mipyrobili. axalgazrda maiorissaxels aRtacebiT imeoreben. Tqven xedavT, rom axalgazrda maiori araaxalgazrduladdinjia... is ar aris mxolod mfrinavi-virtuozi, isaris niWieri organizatori, dauSreteli energiiT aRsavse da Tan CumimuSaki, iSviaTi instruqtori... is ar amayobs, Tavs ar iwonebs... Tqven kiamayobT, rom saqarTvelos aseTi Svilebi hyavs...agvistos 11-s, saRamos 7 saaTze, maiori mayaSvili varjiSis drosmiwas daenarcxa da daiRupa. Cven ara varT iseTi mdidari sasiqaduloadamianebiT, rom uRrmesi gulistkivili ar gvagrZnobinos am ubedurebam.Cvens norC aviacias waerTo misi naTeli suli. Cvens axalgazrdarespublikas daaklda kidev erTi uerTgulesi daraji. Rirseulad mokvdaRirseuli mamis Svili da waruSleli naTeli xsovna dagvitova Cven damomaval Taobas~.mfrinav n. b. mayaSvilis daRupvamde cota xniT adre niko kecxoveli ∗gazeT `saqarTveloSi~ aqveynebs patara etiuds (novelas) saTauriT`mfrinavi~, masSi didi siyvarulia gacxadebuli imJamad saqarTvelossinamdvilisaTvis iseTi iSviaTi profesiis adamianebis mimarT, rogoricaviatorebi iyvnen:`mfrinavs marxaven!!mfrinavi daiRupa!!Savad, ra mgloviared meramdenjer ismis qarTvel xalxSi essabediswero sityvebi.guli sisxliT ivseba da Tvali gulwrfel mwuxarebiT, rodesacaxalgazrdas kuboSi yvavilebiT Semkuls umzer.amooxvris meti vera giwamebia ra, roca mkrTal saxeze Calurjebulzolsa hxedav da hgrZnob lurj tanisamos qveS momtvreuli mklavi dafexia...aRar ginda dainaxo, Tvals arideb imaTac, vis gulzec arwivisfrTebia gaSlili, vinc amayad da gabedulad, magram iqnebdardimanduladac ki, daRupul amxanagebs ukanasknel gamosaTxovarsityvas eubneba: dRes Sen da xval Cven!! da ginda ganusazRvrelsiyvaruliT Seiyvaro es xalxi, romelic saqmisa da samSoblossiyvarulisTvis hgrZnoben amas, da mainc Tavxedur siTamamiT, pirzeRimiliT, miwas moswydeba da sikvdilTan erTad laJvardisaken mihqris.Cveulebrivi moqalaqe am dros marto sagansa hxedavs, romelic cissivrceSi dahqris, dascuravs, mas arTobs es sakvirveleba, moswons.esTeti silamazesa hxedavs...sportsmeni umaRles varjiSs...da ase, yvela profesiisa Tavis sagans.34

TviTon mfrinavs ki ramdeni energia exarjeba, ra nebisyofisgamoCenaa saWiro da udidesi Sesisxlxorceba usulo saganTan, amisSesaxeb aravin hfiqrobs, aravin ityvis rames..., mTeli kviraobiT saerTocxovrebas mowyvetili Cahkirkitebs, rom meti energia Seaxarjos, ufrometad Seisustos nervebi... da ar aris saqarTveloSi profesia, romelicamaze mets fizikur da gonebriv energias moiTxovdes... da qarTvelmaxalxmac uTuod Rirseulad unda daafasos igini.uTuod yvelaze Zvirfasad unda gaufrTxildes da Seiyvaros daaiZulos Tavis nebis gamomxatveli mTavroba, raTa maTi Sroma metadfasobdes, vidre sxva romelime xeloba.ar SeiZleba is xalxi, romelTa sicocxle maradJams gansacdeliswinaSe dgas, davayenoT imis Tanabrad, vinc kalmiT xelSi magidas uzis,an Zirs miwaze, etliT daseirnobs.... me rogorc qarTveli xalxis erTma wevrTaganma, msurs davijero,rom Cveni mTavrobis nabiji ueWvelad aqeTken iqneba gadadgmuli da aRarvityviT am cota xanSi sxvebTan erTad mwuxared da gulistkiviliT:`mfrinavsa hmarxaven!~metad Zvirfasi xalxia isini CvenTvis da es sityvebi srulebiT Tuara, metad iSviaTad unda ixmarebodes~.udidesi gulistkiviliTa da STambeWdaobiT gamoirCeoda axalgazrdapoetis siko faSaliSvilis ∗ werili nikoloz mayaSvilisadmi miZRvniliromelic dRevandel mkiTxvelsac minda gavacno:`bediswera Caacivda mayaSvilebs. sikvdili SeeCvia maT sagvareulosda Cveni armiis mwyobridan rigrigobiT gamohyavs mtkice nebis gmirebi,mamulisaTvis Tavdadebuli raindebi, erisTvis saamayo Svilebi –mayaSvilebi.gazafxulze deda qalaqSi TavzexelaRebuli bolSevikebi avazakuradTavs daesxnen mZinare samxedro skolas – pirveli tyvia iunkermayaSvils moxvda. igi gmirulad mokvda. maisSi foilos frontze omidagviwyes. pirveli Setakebis dros pirvel rigSi pirvelad daecaaxalgazrda mxedari mayaSvili, Zma iunker mayaSvilisa.omi Cvenis gamrjvebiT damTavrda cof-moreulma bolSevikebma baqoSimyof qarTvel mxedrebze iyares gulis boxari – udanaSaulod daxvritessayvareli generali balo mayaSvili, biZa daRupul mayaSvilebisa.maT ojaxSi Talxi da cremli dabinavda. Cvens gulSi ki tkivilimaTis danaklisiT gamowveuli.agvistos 11-s tfilisis haerodromze saSineli daRupviT daiRupaZvirfasi aviatori, respublikis aviaciis ufrosi, maiori nikolozmayaSvili – Svili baqoSi daxvretil general balo mayaSvilisa. eshaeris Jongliori, pegus `mkvdaripetlebiT~ Tvals rom gvWrida daRrublebis futbols TamaSobda SevardeniviT.35

nikoloz mayaSvili axalgazrda iyo sicocxliTa da energiiTaRsavse, saqarTvelos siyvaruliT damTvrali, Seudarebeli mfrinavi,Cveni aviaciis burji da Tvali. sityvac ki ar aris, rom kalammagulistkivili gamoitanos striqonebSi. mwuxarebiT ki vwuxvar, swuxsyvela – nacnobi da megobari, swuxs yvela visac xelSi iaraRi auRiasaqarTvelos dasacavad, visac unaxavs an gaugonia mayaSvilis raindoba,visac ugvrZnia maTi danaklisis simZime – erisa da mxedrobisaTvis.axalcixis frontze gavicani is. mtris cecxlis rkali gvertyagars, gasaWiri kars gvikakunebda, Tovlian sivrces hseravda zarbaznebiscecxli, gzebi gadaWrili gvqonda da sasowarkveTileba RrubeliviTSemodioda sulSi.axalcixis maxloblad propeleris Rmuili gavigoneT. Cvenihaeroplanebi mofrinavdnen.mayaSviliao – gviTxres.gagvixarda. vicodiT, gagvegona misi rainduli saxeli, imedi mogvecada moraluri simtkice daeSva CvenSi mis haeroplanTan erTad. meoredRes Sevxvdi mas... gagvacnes, iseTi cecxlovani Tvalebi hqonda, isegatacebiT laparakobda imdeni rwmena hqonda sityvaSi, mimoxvraSi,cqeraSi, rom mogvxibla, Tavi mogvawona, Tavi Segvayvara, erT saRamos.TiTqmis yvela frontze momixda yofna, yvelgan vxvdebrdiTmayaSvils – arwivsaviT monafrens, mayaSvilis gamanadgurebels, roca igidinamitis saCuqrebs ugzavnida mters Rrublebidan. yvelgan saxelianiiyo da sayvareli, patiosani, dinji da imediani, yvelgan naxa gasaWiri –yvelgan Tavi isaxela da pativiscema moixveWa.aseTi iyo sazogadoT, magram sul sxva iyo aq, Cvens saaviaciobanakSi – mas endobodnen, is uyvardaT, masze amyarebdnen imeds. is sulisCamdgmeli iyo Cveni erovnuli aviaciisa.magram...bediswera daundobeli avazakiviT SeiWra maTs gvarSi. da misiZvirfasi saxelic Seitana Savs wignSi. sikvdilma Tavis ganaCenisisruleSi moiyvana agvistos 11-s, am dRes savarjiSod afrenilimayaSvili daeca da daiRupa. is mokvda lamazi sikvdiliT da lamazisevdiani xsovna datova CvenSi – xsovna mudmivi, naTeli da dauviwyari.is ar dagvaviwydeba, magram guli gvetkina, guli.~Cven gvjera, rom poetisa da Jurnalistis, – siko faSaliSvilisgulSi mTeli misi xangrZlivi sicocxlis manZilze ar Caqrebodasaxelovani mamuliSvilis xsovna, magram daundobeli komunisturi reJimierisaTvis TavdadebulTa sajarod gaxsenebis uflebas vis daanebebda...kidev kargi, Cekas maZebrebma ver miagnes am werils, Torem arc misdamwers daindobdnen...TiTqmis cxra aTeuli wlis winaT Jurnali `mxedari~ ∗ werda: `mamada Svili mayaSvilebi, samSoblos sayvareli msxverplni, simboloa Cveni36

momavali bednierebisa... maTi umanko sisxli da diadi suli misabaZmagaliTad iqneba yvela qarTveli mxedrisaTvis~.diax, aseT gmirTa magaliTebze unda izrdebodes momavali Taobebi!37

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ∗abaSiZe memed-begi – qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, mwerali, publicisti,redaqtor-gamomcemeli. sanjay-beg abaSiZeTa STamomavali. `samuslimanosaqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebeli komitetis~ Tavmjdomare. misixelmZRvanelobiT da sxva qarTvel musliman TanamoazreebTan erTad 1919wlis agvistoSi aWaraSi gamarTulma referendumma ganapiroba aWarisdeda samSoblosTan Camoucilebloba... represirebul iqna sabWoTareJimis dros.abaSiZe haidar-begi – qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, mwerali, publicisti,pedagogi. sanjay-beg abaSiZeTa STamomavali. ilaSqrebda panTurqizmisa dapanislamizmis winaaRmdeg. iyo `samuslimano saqarTvelosganmaTavisuflebeli komitetis~ aqtiuri wevri. saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis wlebSi mmarTveli partiis (menSevikebis) poziciasemxroboda. gardaicvala TbilisSi 1966 wels 73 wlis asakSi.aTa-Turqi mustafa qemal _ TurqeTis respublikis fuZemdebeli da misipirveli prezidenti. TurqeTis saxalxo-respublikuri partiisdamaarsebeli da misi lideri. 1934 wlamde igi cnobili iyo mustafaqemal faSas saxeliT. 1934 wels mas didma erovnulma krebam aTa-Turqis(`TurqTa mama~) gvari mianiWa. bolSevik leninisa da qemal faSaskeTilmegobrul urTierTobebs udidesi ziani mohyva saqarTvelosaTvis.sxva rom araferi yarsis, ardaganis da samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelosteritoriebis dakargvac sakmarisia gavixsenoT.amier-kavkasiis komisariati _ Seiqmna TbilisSi 1917 wlis 15 (28 axalistiliT) noembers, iarseba 1918 wlis 15 Tebervlamde. masSi Sediodnensxvadasxva partiis (menSevikebi, musavaTelebi, daSnakebi, kadetebi, soc.-federalistebi da sxv.). warmomadgenlebi (a/k komisariatis Tavmjdomareiyo qarTveli soc.-demokratebis (menSevikebis) erT-erTi lideri evgenigegeWkori).amier-kavkasiis seimi _ Seiqmna TbilisSi 1918 wlis 10 (23) Tebervals,iarseba imave wlis 26 maisamde. xelisuflebis organo a/kavkasiaSi. misimTavari daniSnuleba iyo iuridiulad gaeformebina a/kavkasiis gamoyofasabWoTa ruseTisagan. man Seqmna (`a/kavkasiis damoukidebeli federaciulirespublika~, romlis mTavrobis meTauri iyo qarTveli soc.-demokratebis(menSevikebis) erT-erTi lideri akaki Cxenkeli).38

estis zavi – samSvidobo xelSekruleba, romelic daido erTis mxrivruseTsa da meores mxriv germaniasa da mis mokavSireebs Soris 1918wlis 3 marts, brest-litovskSi... sazavo pirobebiT osmaleTis xelSigadadioda ardaganisa da yarsis olqebi da q. baTumi. a/kavkasiis, maTSoris, saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebi am molaparakebas ar daswrebian...1918 wlis 13 noembers sabWoTa ruseTis mTavrobam gaauqma brestis zavi.brestis zavs umZimesi Sedegebi mohyva damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis.gazeTi `erToba~ _ yoveldRiuri qarTuli gazeTi, jer iyo a/kavkasiissocial-demokratiuli organizaciebis, xolo Semdeg saqarTvelossocial-demokratiuli (menSevikuri) partiis centraluri organo.gamodioda TbilisSi 1918-1921 wlebSi.gazeTi `kavkaz~ _ yoveldRiuri politikuri da literaturuli gazeTi.gamodioda TbilisSi 1846-1917 wlebSi, rusul enaze. jer igi kerZogamocema iyo, xolo 1850 wlidan ki kavkasiis mefisnacvlis kancelariagamoscemda. garda oficialuri cnobebisa, masSi uamravi sainteresomasalaa saqarTvelos istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiis, kulturis,literaturisa da a. S. sakiTxebze.gazeTi `kalmasoba~ _ perioduli gamocema rusTavelis saxelobisliteraturis institutisa da saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris organo.gamodis 1997 wlidan.gazeTi `samuslimano saqarTvelo~ _ yoveldRiuri qarTuli politikuri,ekonomikuri da literaturuli gamocema. gamodioda baTumSi 1919-121wlebSi, memed-beg abaSiZis redaqtorobiT. iyo `samuslimano saqarTvelosganmaTavisuflebeli komitetis~ organo.gazeTi `saqarTvelo~ _ yoveldRiuri qarTuli politikuri, ekonomikurida literaturuli gazeTi, erovnul-demokratiuli mimarTulebis,saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis mT. komitetis organo,gamodioda TbilisSi 1915-1921 wlebSi. mas hqonda suraTebiani damateba.sxvadasxva dros misi redaqtorebi iyvnen: sandro SanSiaSvili, grigolveSapeli, geronti qiqoZe, spiridon kedia.gazeTi `saxalxo saqme~ _ yoveldRiuri gazeTi. saqarTvelos socialfederalistTapartiis mT. komitetis organo. gamodioda TbilisSi 1917-1921 wlebSi. red.-gamomcemeli iyo mT. komitetis rwmunebuli samsonfircxalava.39

gegeWkori evgeni – qarTveli sazogado da politikuri moRvawe. socialdemokratiuli(menSevikuri) partiis erT-erTi lideri; a/kavkasiiskomisariatis Tavmjdomare; damoukidebeli saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTaministri; 1921 wlidan mTavrobis sxva wevrebTan erTad imyofebodaemigraciaSi. gardaicvala parizSi, dasaflavebulia levilSi.giorgaZe grigol – cnobili social-demokrati (menSeviki), sazogado dasaxelmwifo moRvawe. publicisti. iyo demokratiuli saqarTvelossamxedro ministri.vali – olqis, vilaieTis administraciuli mmarTveli, beglar-begiosmaleTSi.vladimiris IV xarisxis ordeni – warCinebis niSani. igi dawesebul iqnaXII s-dan. ruseTSi ordenebi pirvelad petre I-ma SemoiRo. es iyo wm.mociqulis andria pirvelwodebulis ordeni (1698 w.)... samxedroTadasajildoeblad SemdgomSi dawesebul iqna wm. aleqsandre nevelis, wm.giorgis da bevri sxva ordeni. maT Soris erT-erTi iyo wm. vladimirisordeni I, II, III da IV.imedaSvili ioseb (arimaTieli) _ qarTveli mwerali, publicisti,Jurnal `Teatri da cxovrebis~ damaarsebeli da redaqtori (1910-1927ww.).kecxoveli niko – akademikosi, botanikosi, mwerali, sazogado moRvawe,Tsu-s erT-erTi gamorCeuli da didad popularuli reqtori.axalgazrdobis wlebSi iyo qarTuli jaris jariskaci. TanamSromlobdapresaSi.kvinitaZe giorgi – gamoCenili samxedro moRvawe. wm. giorgis jvriskavaleri ruseTis armiaSi. generali. damoukidebeli saqarTvelosjarebis mTavarsardali. mamaci da gamWriaxi pirovneba. misTvis miuRebeliiyo yovelgvar daTmobaze wasvla, Tu saqme samSoblos beds exeboda.1921 wels isic iZulebuli iyo emigraciaSi wasuliyo. 95 welsmiRweuli g. kvinitaZe gardacvala parizSi... momavlis saqarTvelosdautova SesaniSnavi mogonebebis ortomeuli.mazniaSvili giorgi – cnobili samxedro moRvawe. ruseTis armiisgenerali. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos samxedro Zalebis erT-erTiaqtiuri mSenebeli. Seudrekeli mxedarTufrosi saqarTvelosdamoukideblobisaTvis brZolebSi. emigraciaSi myofma ver gaZlo40

samSoblos gareSe, dabrunda ukan da represirebul iqna sabWoTaxelisuflebis mier. SesaniSnavi `mogonebebis~ avtori.maRlakeliZe Salva _ qarTveli moRvawe. 1917-1918 wlebSi iyo ruseTisdroebiTi mTavrobis rwmunebuli mesxeT-javaxeTSi; damoukidebelisaqarTvelos wlebSi ekava Tbilisis gubernatoris, saxelmwifokontrolioris da sxva pasuxsagebi Tanamdebobebi. emigraciaSi yofnisdros gaxda vermaxtis generali. nayofier muSaobas eweoda qarTveltyveTa Soris... samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg (iZulebiT) saadvokatosaqmianobiT iyo dakavebuli. dagvitova Zalze saintereso mogonebaTawigni. gardaicvala TbilisSi.mayaSvili kote _ qarTveli poeti. mayaSvilTa sagvareulos Rirseuliwarmomadgeneli. saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris daarsebis erT-erTiiniciatori da misi pirveli Tavmjdomare 1917-1927 wlebSi.represirebul iqna sabWoTa reJimis mier.ozakomi, amier-kavkasiis gansakuTrebuli komiteti _ ozakomi (ОсобыйЗакавказский Комитет) ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis organo a/kavkasiaSi.Seiqmna 1917 wlis 9 (22) marts TbilisSi. misi Tavmjdomare iyo kadetib. xarlamovi, wevrebi saqarTvelodan iyvnen: kita abaSiZe da akakiCxenkeli. daiSala 1917 wlis 15 (28) noembers da Tavis rwmunebania/kavkasiis komisariats gadasca.Jordania noe _ soc.-demokratiuli (menSevikuri) partiis erT-erTilideri, `mesame dasis~ daarsebis erT-erTi organizatori, mwerali dapublicisti, redaqtor-gamomcemeli, damoukidebeli saqarTvelosmTavrobis Tavmjdomare. mTavrobasTan erTad emigraciaSi imyofeboda 1921wlis martidan. gardaicval parizSi, 1953 wels. dakrZalulia levilissasaflaoze.Jurn. `ganTiadi~ _ saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSirisa da quTaisisganyofilebis organo. gamodis 1975 wlidan quTaisSi. redaqtorebiiyvnen: guram fanjikiZe, konstantine lorTqifaniZe da sxv.Jurn. `mxedari~ _ saqarTvelos samxedro saministros yovelTviurisuraTebiani gamocema. gamodioda TbilisSi 1920 wels. redaqtori iyoniko kurdRelaSvili.revoluciuri komiteti – revkomi iyo sabWoTa xelisuflebis droebiTisagangebo organoebi, romlebic SemoRebul iqna samoqalaqo omisa dasamxedro intervenciis pirobebSi. isini aerTianebdnen mTel samxedro da41

samoqalaqo xelisuflebas, moqmedebdnen TviTneburad, viTomdarevoluciis saxeliT. azerbaijanSi igi moqmedebda 1920 wlis aprilidan– 1921 wlis maisamde, saqarTveloSi 1921 wlis Tebervlidan 1922 wlismartamde, somxeTSi 1920 wlis noembridan 1921 wlis maisamde da a. S.saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba _ sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba,romelic arCeuli iqna 1919 wels 14-17 Tebervals. 130 deputatidan –109 iyo soc.-demokrati (menSeviki) 8 _soc.-demokrati, 8 – erovnuldemokrati, 5 – eseri. saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis TavmjdomarederTxmad iqna arCeuli soc.-demokratiuli partiis (menSevikebis)gamoCenili moRvawe karlo CxeiZe. 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals bolSevikurianeqsiis Semdeg man arseboba Sewyvita.server-beg aTabagi – qoblianski – qarTuli warmoSobis Turqi moRvawe.mamamisi feizula (jayelTa sagvareulos warmomadgeneli) axalcixisfaSa iyo, romlis gadmobireba rusebma SeZles da `princi qoblianskis~tituli uboZes. server-begs kargi sauniversiteto ganaTleba hqondamiRebuli (agronomiuli – germaniaSi, iuridiuli – peterburgSi).flobda ramdenime ucxo enas... mogvianebiT daiRupa avto-avariaSi,trapizonTan axlos.faSaliSvili siko – poeti da publicisti. damoukideblobis wlebSiTanamSromlobda ara-erT periodul organoSi, upiratesad qarTulijarisa da gvardiis sabrZolo damsaxurebebze esaubreboda imdroindelqarTvel mkiTxvel sazogadoebas.SaraSiZe qristine – sazogado moRvawe, istorikosi, wyaroTmcodne.arCeuli iyo saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, iyo misiprezidiumis mdivani.Cxenkeli akaki – qarTveli sazogado da politikuri moRvawe; ruseTisIV mowvevis saTaTbiros wevri; `ozakomis~ wevri, a/kavkasiis seimisTavmjdomare, saqarTvelos elCi safrangeTSi. 1921 wlis bolSevikurigadatrialebis Semdeg emigraciaSi darCa. gardaicvala parizSi,dasaflavebulia levilis sasaflaoze.xalil-bei _ TurqeTis samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, generali,romelic sabrZolo operaciebs xelmZRvanelobda amerkavkasiis, maTSoris, saqarTvelos respublikis winaaRmdegadac. monawileobdadiplomatiur SexvedrebSi.42

gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:• saqarTvelos centaraluri saistorio arqivi (scssa), fondi 1833,aRw. 1, saqme 4, furc. 19.• gela saiTiZe, generali abel (balo) mayaSvili da mesxeTjavaxeTissakiTxi. qarTuli diplomatia. weliwdeuli #6, Tb.,1999, gv. 306-324.• gela saiTiZe, generali abel (balo) mayaSvili - `axalcixisgmiri~, gaz. `literaturuli mesxeTi~, #1, 2, 3, ianvari,Tebervali, marti, 2005 w.• levan doliZe, generlebi saqarTvelodan, Tb., 2003, gv. 70-71.• giorgi mazniaSvili, mogonebani, tf., 1927, gv. 132, 133, 135.• Salva maRlakeliZe, mogonebebi, Jurn. `ganTiadi~, #1, 1991, gv.26; gv. 30; #2, 1991, gv. 32.• giorgi kvinitaZe, mogonebebi, t. 1, Tb., 1998; t. 2, Tb., 1999.• gaz. `erToba~, 1919, #199, 1920, 30 ivnisi, #150, #152.• Газ. «Кавказ», №159, 15 июля, 1915 года.• Jurn. `mxedari~, 1920, #8, gv. 7; #12, gv. 15-16.• Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~ #1, 2, 24, 25 1920 weli.• gaz. saqarTvelo~, 1918 wlis #214, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 243,245; 1919 wlis # 48, 72, 92.• gaz. `saxalxo saqme~, 1918 wlis #282, 384; 1919 wlis # 424,429, 439, 462, 482, 483, 492; 1920 wlis # 863, 865, 900, 901,903.43