gi de mopasani
gi de mopasani gi de mopasani
maxloblad akldamad aiSena piramida, romelzedac, herodotes cnobiT, 30 weli100 aTasma kacma imuSava da romlis simaRle amJamad 139 metrs aRwevs.gv. 210. poli da virJini — frangi mwerlis bernarden de-sen-pieris (1737—1814) amave saxelwodebis cnobili sentimentalur-idiliuri romanis gmirebi.gv. 219. `Sereuli komisiebi~ — 1851 wlis gadatrialebis Semdeg daawesanapoleon III-m Tavis politikur mtrebTan sasamarTlos meSveobiT angariSisgasasworeblad.`Tavisi sofluri makiavelobis wyalobiT...~ — nikolo makiaveli (1469—1527), didi italieli humanisti da politikosi, romelic fr. engelsmarenesansis epoqis erT-erT `titanad~ miiCnia, amtkicebda, rom xalxiskeTildReobisaTvis mzrunvel xelisufals aqvs ufleba da kidevac marTebsyovelgvari saSualeba gamoiyenos Tavisi Zalauflebis gansamtkiceblad; amazriT Camoayaliba man Tavisi cnobili formula: `mizani amarTlebssaSualebas~. magram burJuaziulma saqmosnebma imTaviTve Seryvnes dagaavulgares, yovelgvari miznisaTvis gamarTlebulad CaTvales makiavelis espolitikuri principi, ise rom male `makiavelobis~ anu `makiavelizmis~ cnebaSegnebuli da sruli uprincipobisa da amoralizmis sinonimad aqcies.gv. 234. vatto, antuani (1684—1721) — `rokokos~ stilis gamoCenili frangimxatvari, romelsac axasiaTebda ferTa simkveTre da silaRe.gv. 240. `esk~ warmoadgens Semoklebas inglisuri sityvisa `eskuaier~-i, racniSnavs `memamule~-s.gv. 243. `nuTu ise gagiJdebian, rom tunisis sisulele gaimeoron~. —miniSneba safrangeTis mier 1881 wels tunisis okupaciaze, romelmac namdviliomis xasiaTi miiRo.gv. 258. `espaneTi marokos gamo gviwyreba~, — frang da espanelimperialistTa interesebi xSirad ejaxeboda erTmaneTs marokoSi, vidre esukanaskneli 1912 wels ar iqna gayofili safrangeTsa da espaneTs Soris.gv. 268. `...magram julietas cremli ki ara, aramed didonasi~. — julietaSeqspiris cnobili tragediis gmiria, xolo didona — didi romaeli poetisvirgiliusis (70—19) poemis `eneidasi~. (am poemis mixedviT, eneasi, romaelTalegendaruli winapari, gaemijnura didonas, karTagenis damaarsebelsa dakviprosis mefis pigmalionis das, romelmac igi mgznebared Seiyvara, xolo masSemdeg, rac eneasma miatova, Tavi moikla). mopasanis teqstSi julieta dadidona dapirispirebulni arian, rogorc ymawvili qalis siyvarulisa dagadamwifebuli qalis vnebis gansaxierebani.gv. 271. `kambronis ena CemTan SedarebiT Tavazianobad moeCveneba~. —frangma generalma pier kambronma (1770—1842), romelic vaterloosTanbrZolaSi napoleonis Zvel gvardias sardlobda, uwmawuri ginebiT upasuxadanebebis Sesaxeb mtris winadadebas.gv. 294. `im xanebSi mTeli qalaqi Jan lenoblis galereaSi midiodahungreli mxatvris karl markoviCis didi suraTis sanaxavad...~ — aseTimxatvari, romlis xsenebuli suraTi valterma iyida, ar arsebula, magram 1884wels parizSi marTlac yofila gamofenili cnobili ungreli mxatvrismunkaCis suraTi `qriste jvarze~, xolo 3 wliT adre amave mxatvarma marTlacmihyida viRac amerikels uzarmazar fasad (120000 dolarad) Tavisi meoresuraTi `qriste pilates winaSe~. amrigad mopasanma mxatvris gvari da missuraTTa siuJeti Secvala mxolod, xolo Tavisi drois kulturuli cxovrebisnamdvili detali ucvlelad asaxa romanSi.gv. 297. gobelenis xaliCa — kedelze dasakidi xaliCa, romelzedac raimesuraTia amoqarguli.venera — romaul miTologiaSi siyvarulisa da silamazis RmerTqali,RmerTTa RmerTis, iupiteris asuli, cecxlis RmerTis, vulkanis meuRle daomis RmerTis, marsis satrfo.gv. 304. buduari — patara, koxtad morTuli sastumro qalisa.gv. 309. `sapatio legionis jvari~ — napoleon bonapartis mier 1802 welsSemoRebuli ordeni, romliTac saxelmwifos winaSe gansakuTrebuli
damsaxurebisaTvis jildovdebian rogorc samxedro ise samoqalaqo pirebi.sxvaTa Soris, erT-erTma pirvelma miiRo es ordeni napoleonis cnobilmaqarTvelma mamluqma rustanma. monarqiis damxobis Semdeg am ordeniT ministrTawardginebiT ajildovebs respublikis prezidenti. dÁuruam miiRo am ordenis`kavaleris~ wodeba, e. i. misi pirveli, umdablesi xarisxi (sul xuTi xarisxiarsebobs). dajildovebulni Cveulebriv atareben ara TviT ordens, aramedordenis niSans — saRileSi mimagrebul patara alisfer lents.gv. 313. `inglisel saldaTebs hgavdnen~. — Sedareba emyareba im droisinglisel jariskacTa mundirebis wiTel fers.gv. 323. sen-Jermeni — parizis, senis marcxena mxares mdebare gareubani,cnobili renesansis epoqis sasaxliTa da imave saxelwodebis tyiT.anri meoTxe (1553—1610) — safrangeTis didi mefe, burbonTa dinastiismamamTavari.gv. 346. Tanxmobis moedani, — Tavdapirvelad `lui XV moedani~, — XVII s-is SuaSi dagegmili da klasicizmis stiliT gamarTuli centraluriarqiteqturuli ansambli parizisa, romelsac ukavSirdeba qalaqis umTavresimagistralebi.burbonTa sasaxle — safrangeTSi monarqiis damxobis Semdeg deputatTapalatis adgilsamyofeli..`me vxedav ambebs, romlebic sasaciloa, sasacilo, da kidev bevr rasme, racsamwuxaroa, samwuxaro; mokled, mTeli qveyana sulelia, suleli, aqac, viTyvelgan~, — ase swerda mopasani Tavis maswavlebelsa da ufros megobars,gÁustav flobers.es mware sityvebi mopasanis zogma burJuaziulma mkvlevarma didi frangibeletristis SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsis gamoxatulebad miiCnia. am TvalsazrisiT,mopasani warmogvidgeba, rogorc `Tavisi epoqis uZlieresi da srulyofilipesimisti~, romelic `ise ganasaxierebs yvelgan sasacilos, samwuxarosa dasulelurs, rom gamosavlis yovelgvar imedsa da gardaqmnis yovelgvarsurvilsaa moklebuli~; am arafrismorwmune kacs TiTqos imis CvenebaRa swadia,rom adamianica da cxovrebac naklebad imsaxureben siyvarulsa da pativiscemas,radgan erTTavad warmoadgenen mdabal cxovelur vnebaTa saTavssa da borotidumal ZalTa sarbiels. aseTi `totaluri pesimizmis~ mesveurad misiwarmosaxviT burJuaziis ideologebi eZieben Surs maTi `cxovrebis wesis~ imulmobeli mxilebisaTvis, romelmac mopasani mecxramete saukunis frangulirealizmis korifeTa, — stendalis, balzakisa da floberis, — memkvidredaqcia.mopasanis ideologiuri mtrebi lamoben yovelmxriv daamciron misipirovneba da memkvidreoba. kerZod, maT surT warmoadginon igi, rogorcsakuTari `bunebis memkvidreobiTi gaorebulobis~ msxverpli. TiTqosda,floberisagan gansxvavebiT, romelsac sicocxlis Sinaarsad mTlianadxelovneba eqmna, mopasani erTdroulad `cxovrebaze~ amaRlebisaken mswrafi,sazogadoebis moZule xelovanic iyo da `maRali wreebis~ modur salonebSigarTuli, pativmoyvareobis vnebasa da tkbobis Jins ayolili snobic. es`gaoreba~, Turme, mopasanisaTvis mSobelT uanderZebiaT, romelTagan deda,Zveli da kulturuli burJuaziuli ojaxis qali, romantikos poetis alfredde-puatvenis da floberis siWabukis megobari, Tavis Svils bolo dromde udgagverdiT literaturul mrCevelad da TanaSemwed, xolo mamam, gaRaribebulmaaristokratma, marTlac Sealia Tavisi jani da peizaJisti mxatvris arcTuurigo niWi salonebSi drostarebas. da am `gaorebas~, romelsac Sedegad
- Page 135 and 136: Semdeg sityva momaval sesiaze Camoa
- Page 137 and 138: suzanasTan, romelic mas Tavisi anco
- Page 139 and 140: — ara... imisTvis movedi, rom...
- Page 141 and 142: da Tavis loyas mis mkerdze Tanaswor
- Page 143 and 144: — im qals uyvarxar... mas undoda
- Page 145 and 146: Tavi meeqvseeklesia SaviT iyo Semos
- Page 147 and 148: madlena acaxcaxda da veRar gamoiRo
- Page 149 and 150: me ki im pirobiT gaZlev mas, Tu Sua
- Page 151 and 152: Tavi meSvidemarokos dapyrobis Semde
- Page 153 and 154: JorJi Cacmis dros ganuwyvetliv buzR
- Page 155 and 156: molaslaseni, adamians im ucnaur naq
- Page 157 and 158: man araferi upasuxa. misive azri, s
- Page 159 and 160: suzanam odnavi gesliT upasuxa:— C
- Page 161 and 162: -ni valteri qaliSvilebTan da madlen
- Page 163 and 164: kuTxeSi waaTries da mis qveS moZrav
- Page 165 and 166: wyvili fexsacmeli — erTi mozrdili
- Page 167 and 168: — uars ar vambob: Cemi sayvarelia
- Page 169 and 170: misi uSvelebeli profili caze mkveTr
- Page 171 and 172: tevri, bneli tye, duqnebi gzis napi
- Page 173 and 174: moTelilic ar iyo. jer ver gaigo da
- Page 175 and 176: mTeli tani gauxeva da mxolod fxizel
- Page 177 and 178: — qalbatoni jer iq darCa, magram
- Page 179 and 180: amdenime wamiT direze Sedga, roca f
- Page 181 and 182: gemo, da am mogonebam mas nasayvarl
- Page 183 and 184: gv. 33. bakalavri — Zvelad dasavl
- Page 185: detai, Jan-batist-eduardi (1848—1
- Page 189 and 190: safrangeT-prusiis omi atyda da kani
- Page 191 and 192: ideuri zegavlena Cans, romelic nawi
- Page 193 and 194: mtkiceni, mxiarulni da kmayofilebiT
- Page 195 and 196: dawvrilmanebis, patritizmis Sesuste
- Page 197 and 198: da agreTve funTuSasebr viTomda `zek
maxloblad akldamad aiSena piramida, romelzedac, herodotes cnobiT, 30 weli100 aTasma kacma imuSava da romlis simaRle amJamad 139 metrs aRwevs.gv. 210. poli da virJini — fran<strong>gi</strong> mwerlis bernar<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>-sen-pieris (1737—1814) amave saxelwo<strong>de</strong>bis cnobili sentimentalur-idiliuri romanis gmirebi.gv. 219. `Sereuli komisiebi~ — 1851 wlis gadatrialebis Sem<strong>de</strong>g daawesanapoleon III-m Tavis politikur mtrebTan sasamarTlos meSveobiT angariSisgasasworeblad.`Tavisi sofluri makiavelobis wyalobiT...~ — nikolo makiaveli (1469—1527), didi italieli humanisti da politikosi, romelic fr. engelsmarenesansis epoqis erT-erT `titanad~ miiCnia, amtkicebda, rom xalxiskeTildReobisaTvis mzrunvel xelisufals aqvs ufleba da ki<strong>de</strong>vac marTebsyovelgvari saSualeba gamoiyenos Tavisi Zalauflebis gansamtkiceblad; amazriT Camoayaliba man Tavisi cnobili formula: `mizani amarTlebssaSualebas~. magram burJuaziulma saqmosnebma imTaviTve Seryvnes dagaavulgares, yovelgvari miznisaTvis gamarTlebulad CaTvales makiavelis espolitikuri principi, ise rom male `makiavelobis~ anu `makiavelizmis~ cnebaSegnebuli da sruli uprincipobisa da amoralizmis sinonimad aqcies.gv. 234. vatto, antuani (1684—1721) — `rokokos~ stilis gamoCenili fran<strong>gi</strong>mxatvari, romelsac axasiaTebda ferTa simkveTre da silaRe.gv. 240. `esk~ warmoadgens Semoklebas inglisuri sityvisa `eskuaier~-i, racniSnavs `memamule~-s.gv. 243. `nuTu ise ga<strong>gi</strong>J<strong>de</strong>bian, rom tunisis sisulele gaimeoron~. —miniSneba safrangeTis mier 1881 wels tunisis okupaciaze, romelmac namdviliomis xasiaTi miiRo.gv. 258. `espaneTi marokos gamo gviwyreba~, — frang da espanelimperialistTa interesebi xSirad ejaxeboda erTmaneTs marokoSi, vidre esukanaskneli 1912 wels ar iqna gayofili safrangeTsa da espaneTs Soris.gv. 268. `...magram julietas cremli ki ara, aramed didonasi~. — julietaSeqspiris cnobili tragediis gmiria, xolo didona — didi romaeli poetisvir<strong>gi</strong>liusis (70—19) poemis `eneidasi~. (am poemis mixedviT, eneasi, romaelTalegendaruli winapari, gaemijnura didonas, karTagenis damaarsebelsa dakviprosis mefis pigmalionis das, romelmac i<strong>gi</strong> mgznebared Seiyvara, xolo masSem<strong>de</strong>g, rac eneasma miatova, Tavi moikla). <strong>mopasani</strong>s teqstSi julieta dadidona dapirispirebulni arian, rogorc ymawvili qalis siyvarulisa dagadamwifebuli qalis vnebis gansaxierebani.gv. 271. `kambronis ena CemTan SedarebiT Tavazianobad moeCveneba~. —frangma generalma pier kambronma (1770—1842), romelic vaterloosTanbrZolaSi napoleonis Zvel gvardias sardlobda, uwmawuri <strong>gi</strong>nebiT upasuxadanebebis Sesaxeb mtris winada<strong>de</strong>bas.gv. 294. `im xanebSi mTeli qalaqi Jan lenoblis galereaSi midiodahungreli mxatvris karl markoviCis didi suraTis sanaxavad...~ — aseTimxatvari, romlis xsenebuli suraTi valterma iyida, ar arsebula, magram 1884wels parizSi marTlac yofila gamofenili cnobili ungreli mxatvrismunkaCis suraTi `qriste jvarze~, xolo 3 wliT adre amave mxatvarma marTlacmihyida viRac amerikels uzarmazar fasad (120000 dolarad) Tavisi meoresuraTi `qriste pilates winaSe~. amrigad mopasanma mxatvris gvari da missuraTTa siuJeti Secvala mxolod, xolo Tavisi drois kulturuli cxovrebisnamdvili <strong>de</strong>tali ucvlelad asaxa romanSi.gv. 297. gobelenis xaliCa — ke<strong>de</strong>lze dasakidi xaliCa, romelzedac raimesuraTia amoqarguli.venera — romaul miTolo<strong>gi</strong>aSi siyvarulisa da silamazis RmerTqali,RmerTTa RmerTis, iupiteris asuli, cecxlis RmerTis, vulkanis meuRle daomis RmerTis, marsis satrfo.gv. 304. buduari — patara, koxtad morTuli sastumro qalisa.gv. 309. `sapatio le<strong>gi</strong>onis jvari~ — napoleon bonapartis mier 1802 welsSemoRebuli or<strong>de</strong>ni, romliTac saxelmwifos winaSe gansakuTrebuli
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