kari 3: wyali - momxmarebeli.ge
kari 3: wyali - momxmarebeli.ge
kari 3: wyali - momxmarebeli.ge
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<strong>kari</strong> 3: <strong>wyali</strong>Sesavali<strong>wyali</strong> Cveni planetis erT-erTi Seucvleli resursia. misi racionalurigamoyenebisa da dacvis problemas didi yuradReba unda daeTmos.zedapiruli hidrosfero (msoflio okeaneebi, zRvebi, mdinareebi, tbebi,myinvarebi, atmosferuli teni) da miwisqveSa hidrosfero (dedamiwis qerqis isnawili, romelSic SeiZleba miwisqveSa wylebi arsebobdes) ganixileba rogorc erTimTlianis _ hidrosferos Semad<strong>ge</strong>neli nawilebi da maTi resursebis ekologiurimdgomareoba uSualo kavSirSia, rogorc qveynis bunebrivi pirobebismravalferovnebaze da, klimatze, aseve atmosferuli naleqebisa da zedapiruliCamonadenis sidideze da xarisxze.hidrosferos saerTo balansis formirebaSi zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebisbunebriv resursebs mniSvnelovani roli akisria. isini wylis bunebrivi wrebrunvisSedegad ganicdian mudmiv ganaxlebas da erTmaneTTan uSualo hidravlikuri kavSirisgamo swrafad reagireben rogorc bunebrivi, aseve anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri faqtorebisyovelgvar (negatiur Tu pozitiur) zemoqmedebaze.Tavi 5. miwisqveSa wylebisaqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, miwisqveSa wylebi zedapiruli wylebisagangansxvavebiT, warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns qveynis umniSvnelovanes sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseul resurss,romlis gankargva, sar<strong>ge</strong>blobaSi gadacema da dacva regulirdeba `wiaRis Sesaxeb”,`wylis Sesaxeb~, `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~, `licenzirebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb”,`janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~, `kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis Sesaxeb~saqarTvelos kanonebiT da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT.wylis resursebis marTva, dacva, kontroli da monitoringis gaxorcielebasaqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros kompetenciasganekuTvneba.miwisqveSa wylebis sar<strong>ge</strong>blobisaTvis licenzias gascems saqarTvelosekonomiuri ganviTarebis saministro, `sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziisgacemis wesis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos mTavrobis dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebis Sesabamisad. miwisqveSawylebis gamoyenebaze licenzia gaicema auqcionis wesiT da savaldebuloa mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu miwisqveSa wylebis gamoyeneba xdeba komerciuli miznebisaTvis.miwisqveSa sasmeli wylis xarisxis kontrols axorcielebs soflis meurneobissaministro.wylis standartebTan (wylis xarisxisadmi wayenebuli sanitariul-higienurixasiaTis normebTan da wesebTan) dakavSirebul sakiTxebs saqarTvelos Sromis,janmrTelobisa da kulturis dacvis saministro aregulirebs.miuxedavad imisa, rom mtknari <strong>wyali</strong> sxva wiaRiseulTan SedarebiT farTodaagavrcelebuli dedemiwaze, igi bevrad naklebadaa Seswavlili da ekologiuriTvalsazrisiT yvelaze arasakmarisad aris daculi.I. arsebuli mdgomareobasaqarTvelos teritoriis miwisqveSa hidrosferos farglebSi naTladaawarmod<strong>ge</strong>nili sruli speqtri rogorc klasikuri, aseve, metad iSviaTihidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri kanonzomierebebisa da anomaliebisa, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebsam teritoriaze ZiriTadi, iSviaTi da unikaluri tipebis miwisqveSa wylebis farTegavrcelebas.saqarTvelos hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri daraionebis mixedviT saqarTvelos teritoriazegavrcelebulia arteziuli auzebi da wyalwneviani sistemebi, romlebic Seicavenforovan, napralur da napralur-karstuli cirkulaciis wylebs. isini xasiaTdebiandidi resursebiT, maRali xarisxobrivi maCveneblebiT da droSi ganaxlebadobiT. (ix.sqematuri ruka 1).saqarTveloSi miwisqveSa wylebi warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia msoflioSi cnobili yvelaunikaluri wylebis sruli speqtriT, rogorc qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis, temperaturis,
ise Tvisobrivi TvalsazrisiT. pirobiTad isini mineralizaciis da temperaturismixedviT iyofa Semdeg jgufebad:a) mtknari sasmeli wylebi (mineralizaciiT ara umetes 1,0 g/l).b) mineraluri wylebi (1,0 g/l-ze maRali saerTo mineralizaciiT).g) Termuli wylebi _ samkurnalo 20_35 0 C da Tboener<strong>ge</strong>tikuli _ 40-108 0 CtemperaturiT.ruka 1: saqarTvelos hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri daraionebis sqematuri rukahidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuriregionimTavari kavkasioniskristaluriI.substratis gruntiswylebis zonamTavari kavkasionissamxreT ferdiswyalwnevianiII. sistemebis zonaIII.saqarTvelos beltisarteziuli auzebiszonaII 1II 2II 3II 4II 5II 6III 1III 2III 3III 4III 5III 6III 7III 8hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri raioniafxazeTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemasvaneTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemamestia_TianeTis napraluri da napralur_karstuli wyalwneviani sistemayazbeg_mTaTuSeTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemakelasuris kristaluri masivis gruntis napraluri wylebis raioniyeli_yazbegis lavuri ganfenebis gruntis napraluri wylebis raionibzifis napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebis arteziuli auzikodoris forovani, napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebisarteziuli auzisamegrelos napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebis arteziuli auziraWa_leCxumis napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebis arteziuliauzikolxeTis forovani napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebisarteziuli auziguriis forovani, napraluri wylebis arteziuli auziwyaltubos forovani, naprauri da napralur_karstuli wylebisarteziuli auziargveTis forovani, napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebisarteziuli auzi
IV. aWara_TrialeTisnaoWa zoniswyalwnevianisistemebis zonaV. arTvin_bolnisisbeltis gruntiswylebis zonaIII 9qarTlis forovani, napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebisarteziuli auziIII 10alaznis forovani, napraluri da napralur_karstuli wylebisarteziuli auziIII 11iori_Siraqis forovani da napraluri wylebis arteziuli auziIII 12marneuli_gardabnis forovani da napraluri wylebis arteziuli auziIII 13Zirulis kristaluri masivis gruntis napraluri da napralur_karstuliwylebis arteziuli auziIV 1aWara_imereTis napraluri wyalwneviani sistemaIV 2TrialeTis napraluri da napralur_karstuli wyalwneviani sistemaIV 3Tbilisis napraluri da napralur_karstuli wyalwneviani sistemaIV 4axalcixis napraluri wylebis arteziuli auziaxalqalaqis lavuri warmonaqmnebis napraluri gruntis wylebis raioniV 1V 2javaxeTis qedis aRmosavleTi kalTis napraluri gruntis wylebis raionia) mtknari miwisqveSa wylebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sasmelad vargisi umaRlesi xarisxiswylebis yvelaze saimedod dacul wyaros, amitomac iTvleba igi unikalur wiaRiseulad,romelTa raodenobis mxriv saqarTvelo erT-erTi umdidresi qveyanaa.romlis wylis resursebis saerTo raodenobis 60-70%, sasmeli miznebisaTvisgamoyenebis mizniT, miwisqveSa wylebze modis, romlis 30% umaRlesi xarisxisaa.mtknari miwisqveSa wylebi saerTo mineralizaciis mixedviT iyofa or jgufad:0,2_0,3 g/l da 0,3_1,0 g/l mineralizaciis wylebad.I jgufis ultramtknari wylebi ZiriTadad samxreT saqarTvelos teritoriazeagavrcelebuli da da qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobiT hidrokarbonatul-kalciumiania. maTisaerTo resursebi aRemateba 1,7 mln. m 3 /dR.R (20 m 3 /wm).II jgufis wylebi praqtikulad saqarTvelos mTel teritoriazeagavrcelebuli. maTi saerTo resursebi 4 mln. m 3 /dR.R-ze metia. qimiuriSed<strong>ge</strong>nilobiT am jgufis wylebi hidrokarbonatuli kalciumiania, iSviaTadhidrokarbonatul-qloriduli kalciumian-magniumiani an kalciumian-natriumiani.sul, saqarTvelos teritoriaze daZiebulia mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis 100-zemeti sabado, romelTa bunebrivi resursebi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 573 m3/wm. es resursebi qveynismxareebis da hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri regionis mixedviT ganawilebulia metad araTanabrad.(ix. diagrama 1)diagrama 1: mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis bunebrivi resursebis ganawileba saqarTvelosmxareebis mixedviT
13%dasavleT saqarTvelo24%aRmosavleT saqarTvelo63%samxreT saqarTvelomoqmedi normatiuli dokumentebis mixedviT, mtknari miwisqveSa wylebisbunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis dasaSvebi raodenoba, anu saeqspluatacio resursi,ar unda aRematebodes mTliani resursis naxevarze mets, Cvens SemTxvevaSi 285,5m 3 /wm.mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis bunebrivi resursebis siuxviT gansakuTrebiTgamoirCeva qarTlis, alaznis, bzifis, samegrelos, raWa-leCxumis arteziuli auzebi.am mxriv yvelaze Raribia axalcixis, guriis da iori-Siraqis arteziuli auzebi.saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamovlenili mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis resursebisdaaxloebiT mesamedi nawili detalurad aris Seswavlili da maTi saeqspluataciomara<strong>ge</strong>bi, romlebic damtkicebulia mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo komisiis mier, Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns82,59 m 3 /wm. (ix. cxrili 1)cxrili 1: mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis bunebrivi resursebis da damtkicebulisaeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bis ganawileba hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri olqebis mixedviTrigiTi#hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri olqebibunebriviresursebi(m 3 /wm)damtkicebulisaeqspluataciomara<strong>ge</strong>bi(m 3 /wm)1 2 3 4mTavari kavkasionis samxreT ferdis gruntis wylebisa daI-II 295 2,94wyalwneviani sistemis zonasaqarTvelos beltis arteziuli auzebis zona165 61,52maT Soris:III1) dasavleT daZirvis 100 20,852) aRmosavleT daZirvis 65 40,67IV aWara-TrialeTis naoWa zonis wyalwneviani sistemis zona 54 2,30V arTvin-bolnisis beltis gruntis wylebis zona 59 15,83sul 573 82,59saqarTveloSi qalaqis mosaxleobis 5% da soflis mosaxleobis 65%, sasmelwyals damoukideblad moipovebs da am mizniT ZiriTadad miwisqveSa wylebs iyenebs.
2008 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi weliwadSi gamoyenebuli iyo mtknarimiwisqveSa wylebi 427,9 mln. m 3 odenobiT, maT Soris sasmeli daniSnulebiT 425,3mln. m3, xolo sawarmoo sawarmoo saWiroebisaTvis _ 2,6 mln. m3.b) sasmeli da samkurnalo daniSnulebis mineraluri wylebisaqarTvelo mdidaria mineraluri wylebiT. arsebuli monacemebiT, saqarTvelosteritoriaze gamovlenili farTe speqtris mineraluri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis, temperaturisada sxva unikaluri Tvisebebis mqone mineraluri wylebis gamosavlebis (wyaroebi,WaburRilebi) saerTo raodenoba 2 aTass aWarbebs, romelTa jamuri debiti 160 aT.kuburi metria dRe-RameSi.qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobisa da saerTo mineralizaciis maCveneblobis mixedviT eswylebi pirobiTad sam jgufadaa dayofili: a) 1,0-4,5 g/l, b) 5,0-10,0 g/l da 6,0-12,0 g/l mineralizaciis mqone wylebad.I. jgufis wylebi naxSirmJava hidrokarbonatuli natriumian-kalciumiani,kalciumian-natriumiani da hidrokarbonatul-qloriduli natrimiani Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobisarian. Tavisi daniSnulebis mixedviT ZiriTadad ganekuTvnebian mineraluri sufriswylebs, nawilobriv ki samkurnalos. `mitarbi~, `nadibaanT-veZa~, `yazbegi~, `uwera~.II. am jgufis wylebi hidrokarbonatuli natriumiani Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobisaa.daniSnulebis mixedviT ZiriTadad ganekuTvnebian samkurnalo-sufris wylebs,nawilobriv - samkurnalos. ~borjomi~, `nabeRlavi~, `sairme~.III. jgufis wylebi naxSirmJava hidrokarbonatul-qloriduli natriumianitipisaa da ZiriTadad samkurnalo-sufris da samkurnalo daniSnulebis wylebsmiekuTvnebian. `baRiaTa~, `fasanauri~.qveynis mineraluri wylebis prognozuli resursebi daaxloebiT 50 mln.aT.m 3 /dR.R. tolia. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos teritoriaze detalurad Seswavlilia45 mineraluri wylis sabado. mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo komisiaSi damtkicebulimara<strong>ge</strong>bis raodenoba Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 76,2 aT.m3/dR.R. maTgan meoTxedis gamoiyeneba xdebamarto balneologiuri miznebisaTvis (samkurnalo abazanebi) wyaltubo, menji, caiSi.naxevarze mets sammagi gamoyenebaa aqvs (samkurnalo, balneologia, Tbomomara<strong>ge</strong>ba)xolo nawili gamoiyeneba mxolod samrewvelo CamosxmisaTvis.g) Termuli wylebisaqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia 40_108 0 C temperaturis mqone wylis200-ze meti bunebrivi (8 wyaro) da xelovnuri (200 WaburRili) calkeuli dajgufuri gamosavlebi. maTi jamuri debiti Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns daaxloebiT 160 aT.m 3 /dR.R.<strong>ge</strong>oTermuli Seswavlis donis mixedviT, wiaRSi arsebuli Termuli wylebisprognozuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 350_400 mln. m 3 /weliwadSi. mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifokomisiaSi damtkicebuli Termuli wylis saeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bi (15 sabado) 126aT. m3/dR.R. tolia, rac saerTo prognozuli resursebis mxolod 20%_s Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns.<strong>ge</strong>oTermuli siTbo, romelic ganaxlebadi energiis erT-erTi uSreti wyaroa,gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs yvelaze iafi da ekologiurad sufTa siTburienergiis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. qveynis teritoriaze arsebul <strong>ge</strong>oTermul wylebsmisi temperaturuli maCveneblebis mixedviT iyeneben, rogorc soflis meurneobaSi,aseve, komunalur meurneobasa da balneologiaSi. (Tbilisi-lisi, oxurei,zugdidi_caiSi).aRsaniSnavia, rom qveynis miwisqveSa wylebis sabadoebze damtkicebuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bissamrewvelo aTvisebis xvedriTi wili daaxloebiT 12% mineralur wylebze modis,4% Termoener<strong>ge</strong>tikul wylebze, xolo 2% mtknar miwisqveSa wylebze, maSin rocamiwisqveSa sasmeli wylis resursuli potencialis mixedviT saqarTvelo erT-erTiumdidresi qveyanaa msoflioSi.miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis doneaRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos umetesi qalaqebisa da soflebis mosaxleobasasmelad iyenebs Webisa da wyaroebis wylebs, romlebic Zalze sustad aris daculidabinZurebis rogorc anTropo<strong>ge</strong>buri, aseve bunebrivi faqtorebis zemoqmedebisgan.saqarTvelos teritoriis dablobi da mTaTaSorisi regionebi (kolxeTisdablobi, qarTlis veli, md. alaznis marcxena napiri da sxv), romelTa farglebSicTavmoyrilia erovnuli meurneobis mTeli potenciali da msxvili dasaxlebulipunqtebis 80%-ze meti, miwisqveSa hidrosferos, gansakuTrebiT gruntis da
zedapiridan pirveli wneviani wyalSemcveli fenis umetesi nawili, dabinZurebisriskis zonaSia moqceuli.gasuli saukunis bolo aTwleulebSi, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSiagroqimikatebis didi dozebiT gamoyenebas mohyva rogorc zedapiruli, ise gruntiswylebis dabinZureba nitratebiT, nitritebiT, pesticidebiT.kolxeTis dablobis (samegrelos, imereTis), agreTve, qarTlisa da kaxeTisregionebSi meoTxeuli naleqebis doneze arsebuli gruntis wylebis qimiuriSed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis analizebma aCvenes, rom maTSi nitratebis Semcveloba zRvruladdasaSveb normas 20-30-jer aRemateba. aseve 3-4-jer metia amiakis Semcveloba, 2-3-jer nitritebisa. es ukanaskneli ki axali dabinZurebis maCvenebelia, romliswarmoSobis wyaros warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns ara mxolod sasuqebiT gajerebuli saxnav-saTesisavargulebi, aramed, im sawarmoebis Camdinare wylebi, romlebic iyeneben nitratulmarilebs sawarmoo miznebisaTvis.aRniSnuli teritoriebis farglebSi, zedapiridan pirveli wyalSemcavihorizontis udawneo wylebi mniSvnelovnad aris dabinZurebuli, razec miuTiTebsmaTSi zdk maRali raodenobiT amoniumis azotisa da nitratebis Semcveloba.miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobis dad<strong>ge</strong>nis mizniTsaqarTvelos mTel rig regionebSi, mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi, mimdinareobdareJimuli dakvirvebebi (hidromonitoringi) miwisqveSa wylebis resursebisraodenobasa da xarisxze.saqarTvelos <strong>ge</strong>ologiis saxelmwifo departamentis mier, gasuli saukunis 70-90 wlebSi Catarebuli hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri sareJimo, a<strong>ge</strong>gmviTi, saZiebo dalaboratoriuli samuSaoebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bze dayrdnobiT, 2000 wels ganaxorcielasaqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli liTomonitoringuli qselis farglebSiarsebuli mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis wyalpunqtebis wylis (707 sinjis) sxvadasxvatipebis dabinZurebis kerebis analizi da gakeTda daskvna, rom: saqarTvelosteritoriaze miwisqveSa wylebma ganicades Tvisobrivi cvlilebebi xarisxisgauaresebis TvalsazrisiT da, rom miwisqveSa hidrosferos dabinZurebismasStabebi rogorc lokaluri, aseve regionuli xasiaTisaa da saWiroebsaucilebel reagirebas.2000 wlis mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuriviTarebis amsaxveli suraTi 15 hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri raionis mixedviT, aseTia: (ix. ruka2).ruka 2: 1970_1990 wlebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamovlenili miwisqveSawylebis dabinZurebis hidro<strong>ge</strong>oekologiuri ruka
a) axalcixis arteziuli auzisamcxe-javaxeTis regionis farglebSi (aspinZis raionis garda) gavrcelebulinaleqebis pirveli wyalSemcveli horizontis miwisqveSa wylebi (52 WaburRilis, 29wyaros da 6 Wis monacemebiT) gabinZurebulia azotovani naerTebiT: nitratebiT,nitritebiT da amiakiT, romelTa Semcveloba miwisqveSa wylebSi 1,5-3,0 jeraRemateba zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias.b) alaznis da iori-Siraqis arteziuli auzikaxeTis regionis teritoriaze zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias aRematebamiwisqveSa wylebSi (152 WaburRilis monacemebiT) nitratebis, nitritebis dagogirgwyalbadis Semcveloba. wylebSi meTanisa da navTobproduqtebis arsebobismizezad unda yofiliyo fekaluri wylebis magistralebis dazianeba, mecxoveleobisfermebidan fekaluri wylebis da sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebidan SxamqimikatebisCaJonva, aseve sasuqebis sawyobebis gaumarTaoba da sxv.g) samegrelos arteziuli auzisamegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionis teritoriaze gruntis wylebis ZiriTadaddabinZurebulia azotis naerTebiT _ nitratebiT, nitritebiT da amoniumiT,aRiniSneboda agreTve, rkinis, fenolisa da manganumis Semcveloba. 79 WaburRilismonacemebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT dabinZurebis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeodamWidrod dasaxlebuli punqtebis teritoriebi.e) mestia-TianeTis wyalwneviani sistemamcxeTa-mTianeTis regioni mWidrod dasaxlebuli raionebisgan Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba da maTteritoriaze farTod gavrcelebulia soflis meurneobis TiTqmis yvela dargi.Sesabamisad, farTod gamoiyeneboda sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSi sxvadasxvatipis Sxamqimikatebi da mineraluri sasuqebi. sakvlev teritoriaze 58 WaburRilSidafiqsirebuli iqna zdk-ze meti iseTi ingredientebi, rogoricaa: nitratebi,nitritebi, liTiumi, amoniumi, qlori, rkina.v) qarTlis arteziuli auziSida qarTlis regioni gasuli saukunis bolosaTvis gamoirCeoda samrewveloobieqtebis didi raodenobiT. cementisa da Saqris qarxnebi, xorckombinati,avtogasamarTi sadgurebi da sxv. aRniSnul teritoriaze 83 WaburRilSi zdk-TanSedarebiT maRali iyo iseTi gamabinZurebeli ingredientebi, rogoricaa liTiumi,manganumi, rkina, nitratebi da nitritebi. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia kadmiumisSemcvelobis momatebis faqti sofel CumaTeleTis wyaroSi, romelsac iyenebdnensasmelad (suramis saavtomobilo gvirabis axlos, bazrobis teritoriaze).z) marneuli-gardabnis arteziuli auzi
qvemo qarTlis regionis miwisqveSa wylebSi gamabinZurebeli ingredientebiszdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebuli raodenoba dafiqsirebuli iyo 77 WaburRilsa da 8wyaroSi. ZiriTadad gamovlenili iyo amoniumi, nitratebi, nitritebi, bariumi, bori,kadmiumi, kobalti, liTiumi, fenolebi, pesticidebi, rkina.T) wyaltubos, argveTis da Zirulis arteziuli auzebiimereTis regionis teritoriaze Semowmebul 53 wyalpunqtSi (6 wyaro da 47WaburRili) aRiniSneboda zdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebuli damabinZurebeliingredientebis Semcveloba. am mxriv sayuradReboa q. quTaisis farglebSi miwisqveSawylebSi mZime metalebis arseboba, rac uTuod gamowveuli unda iyos am regionSiganla<strong>ge</strong>buli sawarmoebidan CaJonili wylis Sedegad. savaraudoa, rom es movlenaadrindel dabinZurebasTan yofiliyo dakavSirebuli, ramac mogvianebiT iCina Tavi.i) guriis arteziuli auziguriis regionSi Seswavlil 25 WaburRilSi zdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebuliaRmoCnda fenolebis, mZime metalebis, nitratebis Semcveloba.k) raWa-leCxumis arteziuli auziraWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTis regionis farglebSi Seswavlili wyalpunqtebidanmxolod 5 wyaroSi aRmoCnda momatebuli zdk-Tan SedarebiT rkinis, boris danitratebis Semcveloba.l) aWara-imereTis wyalwneviani sistemaaWaris avtonomiuri respubliki teritoriaze eqspluataciaSi myofi araRrmaWaburRilebis (30 WaburRili) wylebSi nitratebis, fenolebis, mZime metalebis danavTobproduqtebis Semcveloba mniSvnelovnad aWarbebda zdk-s.miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis ZiriTadi wyaroebi, maT mier miwisqveSa wylebisdabinZurebis intensivoba da gamomwvevi mizezebimiwisqveSa hidrosferos dabinZurebaSi igulisxmeba rogorc bunebrivi aseve,anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri saqmianobiT gamowveuli wylis xarisxis cvlileba mis bunebriv(fonur) mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT, rac wyals nawilobriv an mTlianadgamousadegars xdis. pirvel rigSi es exeba mtknar sasmel wyals.bunebriv fonad (etalonad) iTvleba miwisqveSa wylis is raodenobrivi daxarisxobrivi maCveneblebi, romlebzedac anTropo<strong>ge</strong>buri zegavlenis kvali araRiniSneba. am etalonis mixedviT fiqsirdeba miwisqveSa wylis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiurireJimis darRvevis an dabinZurebis arseboba. ekologiurad jansaR garemoSihidrosferos qimiuri Semad<strong>ge</strong>nloba zRvruli dasaSvebi koncentraciis farglebSimeryeobs.miwisqveSa hidroaferos dabinZureba mniSvnelovnad aris ganpirobebulibunebrivi garemos (niada<strong>ge</strong>bi, zedapiruli wylebis, atmosferos da atmosferulinaleqebis) ekologiuri mdgomareobiT da garemoze anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri zemoqmedebisnegatiur gamovlinebad iTvleba maTi dabinZureba, romelTagan umTavresia zedapirulida miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebaa I, II, III da IV klasis ekotoqsikantebiT. maTmiekuTvnebian rigi metalebisa (maT Soris mikroelementebi) da arametalebisa,navTobproduqtebi, pesticidebi da sxva komponentebi.hidrosferos dabinZureba ZiriTadad xdeba qimiuri, biologiuri daradioaqtiuri wyaroebidan.qimiuri dabinZureba xdeba sxvadasxva samrewvelo sawarmos (qimiuri, navTobqimiuri,navTob da samTomompovebeli, metalurgiuli, celuloza-qaRaldis, ludis)da sxva warmomavlobis Txevadi Camonadenis myari narCenebis xarjze.miwisqveSa wylebSi, Txevadi Camonadenis Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi arsebuli organuli daaraorganuli nivTierebebi SeiZleba moxvdnen uSualod am sawarmoebis teritoriazeteqnologiuri gaJonvebis Sedegad, agreTve, saleqarebidan, e.w. `kudebidan~, Slamissacavebidan, safiltracio moednebidan da a.S. ris Sedegadac miwisqveSa wylebSi TavsiCens janmrTelobisaTvis mavne toksikuri nivTierebebi.miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZureba ZiriTadad im regionebSi xdeba, sadacwyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis wyaroebs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns mdinareTa filtratebi da araRrmadganla<strong>ge</strong>buli ekologiurad daucveli miwisqveSa wylebis horizontebi, romlebicmetad mgZnobiareni arian zedapiruli wylebis xarisxobrivi mdgomareobis mimarT,maTTan uSualo hidravlikur kavSiris gamo. aseT wyalSemcvel horizontebs
miuxedavad imisa, rom advilad binZurdebian da moiTxoven sanitariul damuSavebas,didi praqtikuli gamoyeneba aqvT.yvelaze metad binZurdeba gruntis wylebi, romlebSic aeraciis zonis gavliTCaedinebian samrewvelo wylebi, xolo sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebzeatmosferuli naleqebTan da sarwyav wylebTan erTad CaiJonebian Sxamqimikatebi.gacilebiT naklebad an praqtikulad ar binZurdebian wneviani miwisqveSa wylebisSemcveli horizontebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT arian daculi wnevis areSi. aqveunda aRiniSnos, rom gamoricxuli ar aris, aRniSnuli horizontebis kvebis aredan,wyalgaumtar fenebSi arsebuli `fanjrebis~ gavliT, Rrmad ganla<strong>ge</strong>bul SreebSicsamrewvelo Camonadenis moxvedra da, wneviani wylebis dabinZurebac. (ix. naxazi 1)rig regionebSi, rogoricaa samegrelo, aWara-guria, qarTli, kaxeTi, qvemoimereTi, sadac mosaxleoba mWidrodaa dasaxlebuli da centralizebuliwyalsaRebebis farTo qseli funqcionirebs, Rrmad ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli arteziulihorizontebis miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis SemTxvevebs, gasul saukunis boloaTwleulSi, marTalia iSviaTad, magram mainc hqonda adgili.qimiuri dabinZureba vrceldeba did manZilze da dabinZurebis kerebis zomebi dafarTobi icvleba drosa da sivrceSi imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria konkretuliraoonis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri pirobebi da wyalSemcveli horizontis am<strong>ge</strong>bi qanebisTvisebebi.biologiuri dabinZureba gamowveulia muclis tifis, dizinteriis, qolerisa dasxva daavadebebis baqteriebiT. isini advilad xvdebian gruntis wylebSi fekalurimasebisa da sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo wylebis meSveobiT da dazianebulisakanalizacio sistemebidan, mesaqonleobis fermebidan da mefrinveleobisfabrikebidan. rac Seexeba wnevian wylebs, maTi biologiuri dabinZurebis wyaroSeiZleba gaxdes mitovebuli wyalsaRebebi da saZiebo WaburRilebi.kvlevebiT dad<strong>ge</strong>nilia, rom miwisqveSa wylebSi baqteriebissicocxlisunarianobis xangrZlivoba metia, vidre zedapirul wylebSi, rac aixsnebamiwisqveSa wylebis meti daculobiT mzis sxivebis zemoqmedebisgan, Sesabamisad,wylebis SedarebiT dabali temperaturis gamo.rac Seexeba radiaciul dabinZurebas, ansxvaveben misi warmoSobis or saxes:bunebrivs da xelovnurs. pirveli ganpirobebulia bunebriv pirobebSi wylebSiuranis, radiumis, stronciumis, tritiumisa da sxva elementebis arsebobiT. meoreSemTxvevaSi, radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis wyaroa miwisqveSa atomuri afeTqebebi,atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis muSaobis narCenebi.gansakuTrebiT advilad binZurdeba gruntis wylebi aeraciis zonis mciresimZlavrisas.unda aRiniSnos, rom miwisqveSa wylebis obieqtebis dacvis mizniT, bunebriviwylis resursebis dacvis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos kanonebiT da normatiuli aqtebiTgansazRvrulia sanitariuli dacvis zonebis mowyoba. magram, upirvelesi da metnaklebadmkacri dacva aucilebelia im teritoriebisa, romlebzedac uSualod arisganla<strong>ge</strong>buli miwisqveSa wylebis sasmel-sameurneo miznebisaTvis gamosayenebladSerCeuli wyalpunqtebi, romelTa siaxloves dabinZurebam SeiZleba Secvalos wylisSed<strong>ge</strong>niloba, xarisxi da wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis pirobebi, aseve, gamoiwvios sxvaarasasurveli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi.am mizniT, yvela tipis wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis obieqtebisaTvis SemuSavebuli undaiqnes sanitariuli dacvis zonebis proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs I (mkacri), IIda III sdz_is mowyobasa da im specialuri RonisZiebebis gatarebas, romelTameSveobiTac gamoiricxeba miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZureba.mosaxleobis saxelmwifo standartebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisi wyliTuzrunvelsayofad da wylis kontrolis mizniT, SemuSavebulia `wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>biswyaroebis da sasmel-sameurneo daniSnulebis wyalsadenebis da kurortebisa dasakurorto adgilebis sanitariuli dacvis zonebis~ da `Camosxmuli sasmeli wylisxarisxisadmi wayenebuli sanitariul-higienuri moTxovnebis~ sanitariuli wesebida normebi.potenciuri dabinZurebis riskis qveS myofi hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri auzebisaqarTvelos 1:600 000 masStabis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri rukis fragmenti(i. buaCiZe, v. WumburiZe, 1970)
(iori-Siraqis arteziuli auzis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri ruka)1 3N1+Pg2I Isagar ej oalQ 3+1alQ 3+1ior i1N2pn+m23N ap+akalQ 3+1jandariI0 6 12 18 kmalQ 4alQ 3+13N2ap+ak1N2pn+m1 3N2+N11 3N1+Pg2Tanamedr ove al uvi ur i nal eqebi s wyal Semcvel i hor i zont i -kenWnar i , qvi Sebidaunawevr ebel i meoTxeul i s wyal Semcvel i kompl eqsi - kenWnar i ,kongl omerat ebi, qviSebi, qviSnari, Tixnariaf Ser on-aRCagi l i s spor adul ad gawyl i anebul i zRvi ur i nal eqebi -Ti xebi , qvi Saqvebi , kongl omer at ebipont -meot i si s wyal upovar i nal eqebi - Ti xebi , qvi Saqvebi ,kongl omer at ebimi opl i oceni s spor adul ad gawyl i anebul i nal eqebi - Ti xebi ,kongl omer at ebi , i Svi aTad ki r qvebi , mer <strong>ge</strong>l ebiqveda mi ocen-ol i goceni s da zeda eoceni s wyal upovar i nal eqebi -Ti xebi , qvi Saqvebi s ganf enebi TrRvevis xazipirobiTi niSnebihidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri Wrilimd. i or i0-1500-3000-4500I1N2pn+m1 3N 1 +Pg23N2ap+akalQ 3+11 3N2+N1alQ 4I I0 3 6 9 kmsarTiWalis arteziuli auzis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri ruka
uj ar ma1 33N 1 SN -N22 1md. iorixaSmi1 3N1 -P2muRanl oI'sar Ti Wal aalQ 1+3I3N2apsamgor i0 1 2 3 kmalQ 4alQ 1+33N2ap1 3N2 -N13N 1S 21 3N1 -P2pirobiTi niSnebiTanamedr ove meoTxeul i nal eqebi s wyal Semcvel i kompl eqsi - mdi nar i s kal apot i s daWal i s qvi Sebi , r i ynar i , qvi Snar i , Ti xnar idaunawevr ebel i meoTxeul i nal eqebi s wyal Semcvel i kompl eqsi - al uvi al -pr ol uvi ur ida del uvi ur i Ti xebi , r i ynar i da kongl omer at ebiaf Ser onul i nal eqebi s wyal Semcvel i kompl eqsi - qviSaqvebi, qviSiani Tixebimi opl i oceni s spor adul ad gawyl i anebul i qanebi - qvi Saqvebi , kongl omer at ebisar mat i s spor adul ad gawyl i anebul i qanebi - qvi Saqvebi , mer <strong>ge</strong>l ebi , ki r qvebi ,kongl omer at ebimi ocen-ol i goceni s wyal upovar i qanebi - Ti xebi , mer <strong>ge</strong>l ebi , i Svi aTad qvi Saqvebiteqtonikuri aSlilobebiar t ezi ul i auzi s sazRvr ebihor i zont al ur i gal er eamimReb-gamanawi l ebel i kamer a
sarTiWalis arteziuli auzis hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri Wrili I-I IImd. i or iI'-200 200 600hor i zont al ur i masSt abir i ynar i qvi Si an-Ti xi ani Semavsebl i T, meoTxeul i asaki s (wyal Semcvel i )r i ynar -l odnar i Ti xi ani Semavsebl i T - af Ser oni (wyal gaumtari)r i ynar -qvi Si ani Semavsebl i T - af Ser onimkvr i vi Ti xebi - mai kopi3. ZiriTadi gamowvevebimiwisqveSa <strong>wyali</strong> warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseuls da misi mopovebadakavSirebulia <strong>ge</strong>ologiur saqmianobasTan _ WaburRilebis, Surfebis, wyalSemkrebigalereebis gayvanasTan da sxva. Sesabamisad, misi garemoze zemoqmedeba am kuTxiTunda iqnes ganxiluli, kerZod: miwisqveSa wylebis eqspluataciisas aucilebeliadaculi iqnes qveyanaSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli dokumentebismoTxovnebi.wina wlebSi Catarebuli hidromonitoringuli kvlevebis masalebze dayrdnobiTSeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos teritoriis miwisqveSa hidrosferosekologiuri mdgomareoba aradamakmayofilebelia. sasmelma miwisqveSa wyalma ganicadarogorc lokaluri, aseve regionuli masStabiT raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivicvlilebebi da xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis mier sasmelad moxmarebulimiwisqveSa wylebis xarisxi ar Seesabameboda sasmeli wylisadmi moqmedistandartebiT wayenebul moTxovnebs.dReis mdgomareobiT, miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobisrealuri suraTi ucnobia, radgan mravali welia ar mimdinareobs sistematiurikontroli sasmeli miwisqveSa wylebis ekologiur mdgomareobaze da misaramiznobriv xarjvaze. daud<strong>ge</strong>nelia maTi resurebis dabinZurebis xarisxi damasStabebi; ar aris SemuSavebuli is RonisZiebebi, romlebic unda gatardesimisaTvis, rom is movlenebi ramlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios miwisqveSa wylebisresursebis gamoleva da xarisxis gauareseba, srulad aRikveTos an arsebiTadSeizRudos.roca, uaxlesi monacemebi qveynis miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiurimdgomareobis Sesaxeb ar asebobs da, amJamadac adgili aqvs saeqspluatacioWaburRilebis ukontrolo burRvas specialuri nebarTvebisa da wiaRis Sesaxebinformaciis erTian fondSi registraciis gareSe; ugulvelyofilia wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>biswyaros SerCevisa da SefasebisaTvis aucilebeli kriteriumebi; irRveva burRvisteqnologiuri procesebi; ar xdeba burRvis monacemTa Sesabamisi formiTdokumentireba; ar sruldeba sanitariuli dacvis zonis moTxovnebis dacva da sxva,da ganuwyvetliv izrdeba antropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri datvirTvebi, aucilebelia gagrZeldes
hidromonitoringi _ uwyveti reJimuli dakvirvebebi miwisqvesa hidrosferosresursebis raodenobasa da xarisxis cvalebadobaze.amJamad, monitoringuli dakvirvebebi mxolod zedapirul wylebze mimdinareobs,xolo, hidromonitoringuli dakvirvebebi miwisqveSa wylebze, uromlisodacSeuZlebelia vflobdeT informacias hidrosferos resursebis raodenobriv daxarisxobriv mdgomareobaze, SeCerebulia. aRniSnuli informaciis gareSe,saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros garemos dacvisinspeqcia moklebulia SesaZleblobas ganaxorcielos miwisqveSa wylebissrulfasovani kontroli da mxolod, miwisqveSa wylebis obieqtebze gacemuliwyliT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobis licenziis pirobebis Seusruleblobis faqtebis gamovleniTa daaRkveTiT Semoifargleba.hidromonitoringis safuZvels mudmivi sadakvirvebo qseli warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns da, misiorganizaciis dros mxedvelobaSi miRebuli unda iqnes saqarTvelos teritoriishidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiur struqturul erTeulebad dayofis principi, aseve regionebis<strong>ge</strong>ologiur-hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri Taviseburebebi, anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuli zemoqmedebis saxeebi,miwisqveSa wylebis SesaZlo dabinZurebisa da resusebis mdgradobaze moqmedinegatiuri procesebis ganviTarebis riskebi da sxv.sul SerCeulia 15 aseTi regioni, romelTa Soris, miwisqveSa wylebisdaZabuli ekologiuri mdgomareobis mxriv, gamoirCeva samegrelos, wyaltubos,alaznis, marneuli-gardabnis arteziuli auzebi.aRniSnuli arteziuli auzebis gamoyofas safuZvlad daedo Semdegi moTxovnebi:a) rogoria mosaxleobis mier miwisqveSa wylebis moxmarebis xvedriTi wili,zedapirul wylebTan SedarebiT;b) SeirCes miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis maRali riskis ubnebi;g) SeirCes mWidrod dasaxlebuli teritoriebi, ganviTarebuli mrewvelobiTa dasoflis meurneobiT.pirvel etapze, unda moxdes winaswar SerCeuli arteziuli auzis farglebSiarsebuli sasmel-sameurneo mizniT gamosayenebeli wyalpunqtebis (centralizebuli,lokaluri da korporaciuli wyalamRebebis, erTeuli WaburRilebis, msxvilibunebrivi gamosavlebis) aRricxva, maTi teqnikuri mdgomareobis, iuridiuli formisda kuTvnilebis dad<strong>ge</strong>na. Semdeg unda SeirCes is wyalpunqtebi da maTTanhidrodinamikur kavSirSi myofi zedapiruli wylebis (mdinareebi, tbebi, zedapiruliCamonadeni) obieqtebi, romlebzec moewyoba reJimuli sadamkvirveblo jixurebi.hidromonitoringuli kvlevebSi mniSvnelovani adgili aqvs daTmobilizedapiruli wylebis mdgomareobis Seswavlas, raTa miviRoT is informacia, racaucilebelia miwisqveSa wylebis ekologiuri mdgomareobis SefasebisaTvis dawyaldacviTi RonisZiebebis SemuSavebisaTvis.miwisqveSa da zedapirul Camonadens Soris uSualo hidravlikuri kavSirisgamo, arsebuli meTodikis Tanaxmad, unda ganxorcieldes hidrologiurisadamkvirveblo punqtebis mowyoba da reJimuli dakvirvebebis Catareba iq sadac,aseTi punqtebi ar arsebobs.sul, sakvlevi arteziuli auzebis farglebSi savaraudod gaTvaliswinebuliaramodenime aTeuli sadamkvireblo sadguris mowyoba, maT Soris hidrologiurisac,romelTa raodenoba ganisazRvreba monitoringuli kvlevebis Catarebis arsebulimeToduri miTiTebebis Sesabamisad da, im moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, razedaczemoT iyo laparaki.aRniSnuli kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlindeba miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebiswyaroebi da masStabebi, SemuSavdeba maTi ekologiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisrekomendaciebi da gamoiyofa wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis obieqtebis mosawyobad ekologiuradjansaRi teritoriebi.
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