Tavi 18. soflis meurneoba da satyeo meurneoba ... - momxmarebeli.ge
Tavi 18. soflis meurneoba da satyeo meurneoba ... - momxmarebeli.ge Tavi 18. soflis meurneoba da satyeo meurneoba ... - momxmarebeli.ge
Tavi 18. soflis meurneoba da satyeo meurneoba1. Sesavali:satyeo meurneobis mniSvneloba saqarTvelos ekonomikisTvis.saqarTvelosTvis tye gansakuTrebuli faseulobis bunebrivresurss warmoadgens, romelsac ukavia qveynis teritoriis mesamedzemeti da akisria umniSvnelovanesi funqciebi. tyeebi asrulebenniadagdamcav da wyalSemnaxav funqciebs, xels uwyoben mdinareebisenergetikuli potencialis SenarCunebas, aumjobeseben klimaturpirobebs da xelsayrel garemos qmnian qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis.tyeebs gaaCniaT maRali ekologiuri daniSnuleba TugaviTvaliswinebT, rom saqarTvelos tyeebSi 400-ze meti saxeobis xe dabuCqi izrdeba, bevri maTgani ki saqarTvelos da/an kavkasiis endemia.mniSvnelovania, rom qarTuli saxelwodebiT xis ori saxeoba – Zelqva dalafani Sesulia msoflios botanikur literaturaSi.gansakuTrebuli roli ganekuTvneba tyeebs mosaxleobis saTbobiSeSiT uzrunvelyofisa da samasale merqanze maTi moTxovnilebisdakmayofilebis saqmeSi. aseve mniSvnelovania tyis gamoyeneba adgilobrivmcxovrebTa mier xis meorexarisxovani masalebiTa da tyis aramerqnuliresursebiT momaragebis mxriv.gamodinare zemoaRniSnulidan saqarTvelos tyeebs gaaCniaT udidesiekologiuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri Rirebulebebi.3. satyeo meurneoba.arsebuli mdgomareoba:satyeo meurneobis warmoebis Taviseburebani.gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis politikur-ekonomikurma krizismada sabazro urTierTobaTa Camoyalibebis araerTgvarovanma procesebmauaryofiTi daRi daasva satyeo dargs, xolo qveynis Sida da msofliobazarze xe-tyeze moTxovnilebis mkveTrma zrdam qveynis tyeebisintensiuri eqspluatacia da Sedegad, saqarTvelos tyis fondismniSvnelovani nawilis degradacia gamoiwvia, dairRva balansi tyisaRdgena-ganaxlebasa da misi resursebis mopovebas Soris.dReisaTvis tyiT sargebloba xorcieldeba “licenziebisa danebarTvebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis da “tyiT sargeblobislicenziebis gacemis wesisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelosmTavrobis dadgenilebiT damtkicebuli debulebis Sesabamisad. momxdaricvlilebebis Sedegad tyeebSi sameurneo saqmianobis warmoeba mTlianadtyiT mosargebleTa prerogativa gaxda.satyeo meurneobis ZiriTadi produqcia.saxelmwifo tyis fondis marTvaSi sameurneo saqmianobisTanamedrove meTodebis gamoyeneba, mravalfunqcionaluri da
- Page 2 and 3: grZelvadiani tyiTsargeblobis formeb
- Page 4 and 5: tolia 1097.9 gigagrami naxSirbadisa
- Page 6: uzrunvelyofen unikaluri biologiuri
<strong>Tavi</strong> <strong>18.</strong> <strong>soflis</strong> <strong>meurneoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>satyeo</strong> <strong>meurneoba</strong>1. Sesavali:<strong>satyeo</strong> meurneobis mniSvneloba saqarTvelos ekonomikisTvis.saqarTvelosTvis tye gansakuTrebuli faseulobis bunebrivresurss warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns, romelsac ukavia qveynis teritoriis mesamedzemeti <strong>da</strong> akisria umniSvnelovanesi funqciebi. tyeebi asrulebennia<strong>da</strong>g<strong>da</strong>mcav <strong>da</strong> wyalSemnaxav funqciebs, xels uwyoben mdinareebisener<strong>ge</strong>tikuli potencialis SenarCunebas, aumjobeseben klimaturpirobebs <strong>da</strong> xelsayrel garemos qmnian qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis.tyeebs gaaCniaT maRali ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba TugaviTvaliswinebT, rom saqarTvelos tyeebSi 400-ze meti saxeobis xe <strong>da</strong>buCqi izrdeba, bevri maTgani ki saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>/an kavkasiis endemia.mniSvnelovania, rom qarTuli saxelwodebiT xis ori saxeoba – Zelqva <strong>da</strong>lafani Sesulia msoflios botanikur literaturaSi.gansakuTrebuli roli ganekuTvneba tyeebs mosaxleobis saTbobiSeSiT uzrunvelyofisa <strong>da</strong> samasale merqanze maTi moTxovnilebis<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis saqmeSi. aseve mniSvnelovania tyis gamoyeneba adgilobrivmcxovrebTa mier xis meorexarisxovani masalebiTa <strong>da</strong> tyis aramerqnuliresursebiT momara<strong>ge</strong>bis mxriv.gamodinare zemoaRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelos tyeebs gaaCniaT udidesiekologiuri, ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri Rirebulebebi.3. <strong>satyeo</strong> <strong>meurneoba</strong>.arsebuli mdgomareoba:<strong>satyeo</strong> meurneobis warmoebis <strong>Tavi</strong>seburebani.gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis politikur-ekonomikurma krizisma<strong>da</strong> sabazro urTierTobaTa Camoyalibebis araerTgvarovanma procesebmauaryofiTi <strong>da</strong>Ri <strong>da</strong>asva <strong>satyeo</strong> <strong>da</strong>rgs, xolo qveynis Si<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> msofliobazarze xe-tyeze moTxovnilebis mkveTrma zr<strong>da</strong>m qveynis tyeebisintensiuri eqspluatacia <strong>da</strong> Sedegad, saqarTvelos tyis fondismniSvnelovani nawilis degra<strong>da</strong>cia gamoiwvia, <strong>da</strong>irRva balansi tyisaRd<strong>ge</strong>na-ganaxlebasa <strong>da</strong> misi resursebis mopovebas Soris.dReisaTvis tyiT sar<strong>ge</strong>bloba xorcieldeba “licenziebisa <strong>da</strong>nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis <strong>da</strong> “tyiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobislicenziebis gacemis wesisa <strong>da</strong> pirobebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelosmTavrobis <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nilebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli debulebis Sesabamisad. momx<strong>da</strong>ricvlilebebis Sedegad tyeebSi sameurneo saqmianobis warmoeba mTlianadtyiT mosar<strong>ge</strong>bleTa prerogativa gax<strong>da</strong>.<strong>satyeo</strong> meurneobis ZiriTadi produqcia.saxelmwifo tyis fondis marTvaSi sameurneo saqmianobisTanamedrove meTodebis gamoyeneba, mravalfunqcionaluri <strong>da</strong>
grZelvadiani tyiTsar<strong>ge</strong>blobis formebis <strong>da</strong>nergva <strong>da</strong> tyiTmosar<strong>ge</strong>bleTamotivaciis gazr<strong>da</strong> SesaZlebels gaxdis tyis resursebisa <strong>da</strong> sasar<strong>ge</strong>bloTvisebebis srulad gamoyenebas. dReisaTvis ki qveynis ekonomikaSiCarTulia tyis resursebis mxolod nawili, romelTa mopoveba 2007-2009wlebSi xasiaTdeba Semdegi maCveneblebiT:saxelmwifo tyis fondSi merqniTi resursiT sar<strong>ge</strong>bloba2007-2009 wlebSityiTsar<strong>ge</strong>bloba wlebis mixedviT 2007 2008 2009xe-tyis Zirze gacema sul 805 422 840 073 707 300m.S. samasale merqani 100 921 78 915 49 197saSeSe merqani 704 501 761 158 658 103biujetSi Setanili Tanxa (lari) 5 271 883 4 533 276 3 987 255saxelmwifo tyis fondSi soWis girCis <strong>da</strong>mzadeba2007-2009 wlebSityiTsar<strong>ge</strong>bloba wlebis mixedviT 2007 2008 2009soWis girCis <strong>da</strong>mzadebis kvota 10 t. 109,5 t. 927,4 t.soWis girCis faqtiuri mopoveba 0 91,0 t. 565,5 t.saxelmwifo tyis fondSi arsebul samonadireo meurneobebSicxovelTa samyaros obieqtebiT sar<strong>ge</strong>bloba (nadiroba)2007-2008 <strong>da</strong> 2008-2009 wlebis nadirobis sezonSisaxeobebikvota(individi)2007-2008 2008-2009faqtiurimopovebakvota(individi)faqtiurimopovebakurdReli 21 0 20 0mela 3 0 26 5tura 22 0 66 32maCvi 2 0 4 0xoxobi 20 0 30 0kakabi 16 0 39 0gareuli Rori 57 6 120 8enoti SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vad 0 SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vad 89m<strong>ge</strong>li 0 0 3 0tyis fondis miwis gamoyeneba.tye saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sakuTrebaa. 2003 wlis monacemebiTsaxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondis miwebis saerTo farTobi 2 mln. 456,2aTasi heqtaria, aqe<strong>da</strong>n tyiT <strong>da</strong>farulia 2 mln. 314,3 aTasi heqtari, racqveynis mTliani teritoriis 40%-s Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns. merqnis saSualo maragi erTheqtarze 157.8 kb.-ia, mTliani wliuri Semateba 4.6-4.8 mln. kbm.-ia, xoloyovelwliuri Semateba erT heqtarze saSualod 1.8 kbm.-s Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns.
saqarTvelos tyeebi iyofa mTisa <strong>da</strong> baris tyeebad. mTis tyeebsfarTobis 98% ukavia, baris tyeebs ki – 2%.tyiT <strong>da</strong>faruli farTobi <strong>da</strong> merqnis maragi gabatonebuli jiSebismixedviT, Semdegnairad aris ganawilebuli:• wiwviani jiSebis mier <strong>da</strong>kavebuli farTobi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 365657 ha.-s(15.8%) – maragiT 105717.0 kb.m. (27.3%);• magarmerqnian foTlovan jiSebs ukaviaT 1738027 ha. (75.1%),maragiT 264550.5 kb.m. (68.5%);• rbilmerqnian foTlovanebs – 196714 ha. (8.5%), maragi 14310.1 kb.m.(3.7%);• sxva merqniani saxeobebi – 11572 ha. (0.5%), maragi 588.1 kb.m. (0.1%);• <strong>da</strong>narCeni magarmerqniani saxeobebi 2314 ha. (0.1%), maragi 61.8 kb.m.(00.2%).ferdobebis <strong>da</strong>qanebis mixedviT farTobebi Semdegnairad nawildeba:• 10 0 -mde ------------ 6,0%• 11-<strong>da</strong>n 20 0 -mde --- 16,6%• 21-<strong>da</strong>n 30 0 -mde --- 34,8%• 31-<strong>da</strong>n 35 0 -mde ---- 19,6%• 36 0 <strong>da</strong> meti ------ 23,0%.tye <strong>da</strong> saTburis airebi.saqarTvelos saTburis gazebis 2000 wlis inventarizaciisSede<strong>ge</strong>bi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri saqmianobiT gamowveulisaTburis gazebis emisiebma Seadgines: 3,705.7 gigagrami naxSirorJangi(CO2), 256.64 gigagrami meTani (СH4) <strong>da</strong> 6.04 gigagrami azotis qveJangi (N2O).naxSirorJangis eqvivalentebSi gamosaxulma emisiebma mTlianobaSi10,989.3 gigagrami, erTi suli mosaxlis wilad mosulma emisiebma ki 2.35tona Seadgina.cnobilia, rom tyeebSi ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs naxSirorJangisSTanTqma atmosfero<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> ukan gadineba, rac bunebrivi <strong>da</strong>anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuli zemoqmedebiT aris ganpirobebuli <strong>da</strong> rac naxSirbadismaragis neto/cvlilebebiT iwvevs biomasis Sematebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nakar<strong>ge</strong>bs.saqarTvelos garemos <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa<strong>da</strong> gaeros ganviTarebis programis mier Catarebuli erToblivi kvlevebisSedegad <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong>, rom saqarTvelos tyeebSi biomasis saSualo wliurinamati Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 1392.6 gigagram naxSirbads, samasale merqnis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisa<strong>da</strong> SeSis tradiciuli moxmarebis Sedegad gamo<strong>Tavi</strong>suflebulinaxSirbadis odenoba ki Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 294.7 gigagrams. amdenad saqaraTvelostyeebSi naxSirbadis saSualo neto/STanTqma Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 1097.9 gigagrams, anu4025.5 gigagram naxSirorJangs.mTlianobaSi sqarTvelos tyeebsa <strong>da</strong> biomasis sxva mara<strong>ge</strong>bSinaxSirbadis saSualo neto cvlileba Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 1622.4 gigagrams, anuSTainTqmeba 6948.9 gigagrami naxSirorJangi.tyeebi<strong>da</strong>n STainTqmeva 1392.6 gigagrami naxSirbadi (66.8%), xis sxvabiomasi<strong>da</strong>n _ 573.7 gigagrami (27.5%), <strong>da</strong>narCeni 119.2 gigagrami naxSirbadi(5.7%) STainTqmeba nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bi<strong>da</strong>n. tyeebis mier saSualod gamoiyofa 294.7gigagrami naxSirbadi (71.5%), xis sxva biomasisagan _ 49.2 gigagrami (11.9%),nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bi<strong>da</strong>n 68.2 gigagrami (16.5%). Sesabamisad neto STanTqma tyeebiT
tolia 1097.9 gigagrami naxSirbadisa (65.6%), sxva biomasiT _ 524.5gigagrami naxSirbadis (31.3%) <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>bi<strong>da</strong>n 51.0 gigagrami naxSirbadisa(3.0%).saerTod saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad STanmTqmelebis miersaSualod absorbirdeba 2085.5 gigagrami naxSirbadi, aqe<strong>da</strong>n sufTaSTanTqma Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 1673.4 gigagram naxSirbads.qimiuri, biologiuri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis sxva saSualebebis gamoyeneba.tyeebis <strong>da</strong>cva mavnebel-<strong>da</strong>avadebebisagan.warsul wlebSi Catarebuli gamokvlevebis safuZvelze dReisaTvisgamokveTilia is ZiriTadi mavnebel-<strong>da</strong>avadebani, romlebic saSiSroebasuqmnian saqarTvelos tyeebs. gamokveTilia maTi gavrcelebis arealebi <strong>da</strong>gavrcelebis farTobebi.oqroku<strong>da</strong>, arafar<strong>da</strong> parkxvevia:kaxeTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo - 10800 ha;mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo – 23 000 ha;Si<strong>da</strong> qarTlis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo - 3000 ha;qvemo qarTlis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo - 4000 ha.mbeW<strong>da</strong>vi qerqiWamia:imereTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo - 500 ha;samcxe-javaxeTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo – 18 000ha.amerikuli TeTri pepela:guriis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo -12000 ha;imereTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo 500 ha;samegrelo zemo svaneTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo 9800 ha.tipografi :raWa-leCxumi qvemo svaneTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo 3000 ha.endotia:imereTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo -150000 ha;raWa-leCxumi qvemo svaneTis regionaluri <strong>satyeo</strong> sammarTvelo – 3400 ha.bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondissruli fito-paTologiuri gamokvleva ar Catarebula, Sesabamisad argatarebula mavnebel-<strong>da</strong>avadebebTan brZolis RonisZiebebi. imereTisregionSi wablis qerqis sokovani <strong>da</strong>avadeba ,,endotea”-s gavrcelebisarealSi xmeli <strong>da</strong> xmobadi xeebis gamoRebis mizniT tardeba sanitaruliWrebi.tyeebis <strong>da</strong>cva xanZrebisagan.2007 wels saxelmwifo tyis fondis teritoriaze adgili hqon<strong>da</strong>tyis xanZris 6 SemTxvevas, <strong>da</strong>zian<strong>da</strong> 3,4 ha farTobi. xanZrebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<strong>da</strong>blari xasiaTis iyo <strong>da</strong> garemoze miyenebuli ziani umniSvneloa.2008 wels – aRiniSna tyis xanZris 32 SemTxveva – 1269,5 ha farTobze,m.S borjom-bakurianSi – 950,9 ha, Si<strong>da</strong> qarTlSi – 135,0 ha. garemozemiyenebulma zianma miaxloebiT Seadgina - 170373,2 lari, aRniSnulmaCvenebelSi ar aris Sesuli agvistos TveSi saomari moqmedebebisSedegad borjom-bakurianis <strong>satyeo</strong>Si momx<strong>da</strong>ri xanZris mier miyenebuli
ziani. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samecniero uwyebebisa <strong>da</strong> ucxoeli eqspertebisgaTvlebiT, am SemTxvevaSi zianma ga<strong>da</strong>aWarba miliard lars.2009 wels adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> tyis xanZris 6 SemTxvevas 63.3 hafarTobze. xanZris or SemTxvevaSi zianma Seadgina 733.3 lari. <strong>da</strong>narCen 4SemTxvevaSi ziani <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili ar aris.ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi xanZarsawinaaRmdegoprofilaqtikuri RonisZiebebi, <strong>da</strong>finansebis arqonis gamo arganxorcielebula.tye <strong>da</strong> garemo.tyis fondSi momx<strong>da</strong>ri cvlilebebi.imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ukanskneli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi <strong>satyeo</strong>departamentis <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebul <strong>satyeo</strong> ubnebze tyeTmowyoba arCatarebula, farTobebis odenobasa <strong>da</strong> maT ganawilebaSi momx<strong>da</strong>ricvlilebebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d efuZneba samTavrobo gankargulebebs.<strong>satyeo</strong> meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentis Tavmjdomaris 2003wlis 02 oqtombris #10/183 brZanebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli saxelmwifo tyisfondis farTobi (afxazeTisa <strong>da</strong> aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebisgar<strong>da</strong>) Sead<strong>ge</strong>n<strong>da</strong> 1987435 ha-s, maT Soris tyiT <strong>da</strong>faruli farTobi _1873029 ha-s.2008 wels, mTavrobis gankargulebebis safuZvelze amoricxulifarTobebis gaTvaliswinebiT momx<strong>da</strong>ri tyis fondis koreqtirebisSedegad <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong>, rom 2004-2007 wlebSi saxelmwifo sameurneo tyisfondi<strong>da</strong>n amoricxuli iqna 26569,46 ha farTobi, sai<strong>da</strong>nac 26038,63 haga<strong>da</strong>eca <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos, xolo 530,83 ha gamoiyosxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sameurneo <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT.2008 wels <strong>satyeo</strong> departamentis marTvas <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebuli tyisfondi<strong>da</strong>n amoiricxa 13776,913 ha, maT Soris <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebissaa<strong>ge</strong>ntos ga<strong>da</strong>eca 13588 ha. amavdroulad tyis fondSi Cairicxa 50781 ha(vasil gulisaSvilis tyis institutis farTobebi). 2009 wlis 1ianvrisaTvis tyis fondis farTobma Seadgina 1853153 ha, m.S. tyiT<strong>da</strong>faruli farTobebi _ 1741840 ha (gaangariSebaSi ar aris SesulisaqarTvelos mier e.w. samxreT oseTis teritoriaze moxvedriliarakontrolirebadi tyeebis farTobebi).2009 wels tyis fondi<strong>da</strong>n amoiricxa 370,45 ha farTobi <strong>da</strong> 2010 wlis1 ianvrisaTvis <strong>satyeo</strong> departamentis marTvas <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebuli tyisfondis farTobma Seadgina 1852782 ha.ZiriTadi gamowvevebiSeqmnili mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad saqarTvelos mTavrobismier ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli garkveuli nabijebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, seqtorSi kvlavarsebobs problemebi, romlebic xels uSlian zemoT aRniSnuli miznebismiRwevas: moqmedi kanonmdebloba ver uzrunvelyofs <strong>satyeo</strong> seqtorismdgrad ganviTarebas; aTeuli wlebis manZilze <strong>satyeo</strong> farTobebisinventarizaciis Cautareblobis gamo ar arsebobs sarwmuno monacemebityeebsa <strong>da</strong> misi resursebis Sesaxeb; saxelmwifo tyis fondis sazRvrebiar aris <strong>da</strong>zustebuli; tyis <strong>da</strong>cvis RonisZiebebi arasakmarisia <strong>da</strong> ver
uzrunvelyofen unikaluri biologiuri mravalferovnebis SenarCunebasa<strong>da</strong> mdgrad gamoyenebas. tyeebis movla-patronobis done kvlav Zalzed<strong>da</strong>balia, xolo tyeebis aRd<strong>ge</strong>nis samuSaoebi ukanasknel wlebSifaqtiurad ar Catarebula.yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT dRis wesrigSi<strong>da</strong>dga tyis fondis marTvis uflebis mqone organos - saqveuwyebo<strong>da</strong>wesebuleba _ <strong>satyeo</strong> departamentis sajaro samarTlis iuridiulpirad – <strong>satyeo</strong> saa<strong>ge</strong>ntod gar<strong>da</strong>qmnis sakiTxi, ris Semdeg <strong>satyeo</strong>saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos mieniWeba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT farTo uflebamosileba tyis fondismarTvasa <strong>da</strong> meurneobis warmoebis sferoebSi. yovelive es ki <strong>Tavi</strong>s mxrivSeqmnis tyeebis movla-patronobis gaumjobesebis safuZvels.
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