gamomcemloba

gamomcemloba 

`saqarTvelos macne~

naSromi momzadebulia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

siw mindeTa moZiebis da dacvis ganyofilebaSi. 

ibeWdeba ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelis, maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi 

nikorwmindeli mTavarepiskopos 

elises (joxaZe) locva-kurTxeviT. 

redaqtori: goCa guguSvili _ Tbilisis sasuliero akademiaseminariis 

pedagogi, istoriis 

mecnierebaTa kandidati 

© vaJa gobejiSvili 

wigni gamodis avtoris xarjiT 

ISBN 99940-66-10-2

vaJa gobejiSvili 

raWis 

monastrebi 

T b i l i s i _ 2 0 0 6

Zveli, mdidari da mravalmxrivi yofila samonastro cxovreba 

raWaSi. namonastralTa dRevandeli mdgomareoba da moRweuli 

werilobiTi sabuTebi amis utyuari dasturia. 

raWis monasterTa kvalze damdgars, Tavidan ar megona da verc 

warmovidgendi, rom 30-mde Zvel savanesTan momiwevda fexis dadgma... 

ar movelodi Tu amden monasterSi aRasrulebdnen TavianT 

wminda samsaxurs bermonazvnebi. 

Cvens xelT arsebuli werilobiTi wyaroebi da moZiebuli masala, 

cxadia, ar aris sakmarisi raWaSi samonastro cxovrebis 

sruli saxiT warmosaCenad da arc gvqonia amis ganzraxva. Cveni 

mokrZalebuli mizani iyo _ mcirediT, nawilobriv mainc gveCenebina 

bermonazonTa daucxromeli moRvaweobis masStabebi da areali. 

Tu ramdenad SevZeliT, mkiTxvelma gansajos. 

a v t o r i 

fotomasalis kompiuterul damuSavebaSi xelSewyobisa da ramdenime 

fotosuraTis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vwirav gaz. `sapatriarqos 

uwyebanis~ TanamSromels _ luarsab togoniZes.

vuZRvni sasuliero da sazogado 

moR vawis, pedagogisa da publicistis 

– mama mixeil gavaSeliSvilis naTel 

xsovnas 

S e s a v a l i 

àr aris siCumeze ufro tkbili 

musika; 

ar aris imaze Rrma sityvebi, vidre 

mdumarebaa; 

ar aris dedamiwis ferTagan ufro 

mSvenieri, 

vidre wyvdiadi gamoqvabulis senakisa, 

romelSic 

anaqoreti (gandegili) loculobs~. 

arqimandriti rafaeli 

raWis miwa uamrav saidumlos inaxavs. jer kidev 

miukvleveli da amoucnobia bevri ram, Cven winaparTa 

moRvaweobas rom mohfenda met naTels. adreul epoqaTa 

arqeologiuri Zeglebis garda, blomadaa qristianuli 

xanis eklesia-monasterTa naSTebi, romelTa 

Seqmnisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxebac cota ram Tu viciT, 

an saerTod araferi. 

raWis eklesia-monastrebisa da aq daculi siZveleebis 

mecnieruli Seswavla daiwyo XIX saukuneSi da 

grZeldeba dRemde. mari brosem, dimitri baqraZem, praskovia 

uvarovam, eqvTime TayaiSvilma da sxvebma mniSvenlovani 

gamokvlevebi dagvitoves. udidesi Sroma gaswia 

am mimarTulebiT didma mkvlevarma, sulkurTxeul- 

5

ma giorgi boWoriZem 1920-ian wlebSi. misi ZalisxmeviT 

moxerxda gadarCenili saeklesio faseulobebis saimedod 

dabinaveba da aRwera. manve Seiswavla raWis mravali 

taZari, romelTa didma nawilmac Cvenamde veRar 

moaRwia da mxolod miseuli aRwerilobiT vicnobT. 

Seswavlili uTuod xelSesaxebia, magram kvlav 

problematuria sakiTxi raWaSi qristianobis 

gavrcelebis drois da masStabebis Sesaxeb, rac 

gamowveulia am mxriv kvleva-Ziebis naklebobiT. adreqristianuli 

Zeglebis arqeologiuri Seswavla 

bevr kiTxvas gascemda pasuxs, rac dRemde ar xerxdeba 

garkveul mizezTa gamo. am sakiTxs Seexo Tavis droze 

giorgi boWoriZe, romelic werda: `saidan iyo Setanili 

qristianoba raWaSi an sad iyo misi pirveli kera? 

es sakiTxi, rasakvirvelia, did Seswavlas moiTxovs da 

gadawyvetiT amis Tqma jerjerobiT naadrevia, xolo me 

moviyvan aq winaswar mosazrebebs, romlebic, SesaZlebelia, 

momavalma kvleva-Ziebam gaamarTlos. 

qristianoba raWaSi aRmosavleTidan, qarTlidan 

(mcxe Tidan) unda Sesuliyo. amas gveubneba is saxeli, 

romelsac atarebs aq erT-erTi soflis Zegli. sof. 

joisubanSi aris eklesia, romelsac ewodeba `mcxeTis~ 

wm. giorgis eklesia. aq unda yofiliyo uZvelesi xanis 

xuroTmoZRvrebis erTi ZeglTagani, romelic exla 

Tumca pirvandeli saxiT aRar arsebobs, magram misgan 

darCenilia SesaniSnavi qandakebani da warweriani qvebi, 

romelnic dRes amSveneben gadakeTebul-ganaxlebuls 

Tu Semdegi xanis eklesiis aRmosavleT sarkmels da 

Crdilo kedels... 

amrigad, pirveli kera qristianobisa raWaSi unda 

yofiliyo joisubnis `mcxeTis~ wm. giorgis eklesiis 

adgilas; aq dawyebula kultura, aq aSenebula xuroTmoZRvrebis 

Zegli VIII-IX saukuneebSi, romlis Sesan- 

6

iSnavma naSTebma Cvenamde moaRwies. aqedan kultura 

TandaTanobiT vrceldeba mTel raWaSi da saukuneTa 

sigrZeze iqmneba kulturis axal-axali centrebi~. 

didi dro ar gasula am mosazrebis gamoTqmidan, 

rom 1930-iani wlebis bolos, rionis zemo welSi, sof. 

Rebis teritoriaze, farTo masStabis arqeologiuri 

samuSaoebi gaiSala, gamoCenili arqeologis germane 

gobejiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT. saqveynod cnobili 

brilis nekropolis (Cv. w. IV saukunis) samarxebSi aRmoCnda 

qristianuli wesiT dakrZalul micvalebul- 

Ta ConCxebi, ris Sesaxebac mecnieri wers: ìstoriuli 

drois grZel monakveTze micvalebulni mokuntviT 

umarxavT ubralo ormoebsa da qvis samarxebSi. zeda 

fenaSi, albaT dakrZalvis qristianuli wesebis gavleniT, 

zurgze gaSotil, gulxeldakrefil da TaviT 

dasavleTisaken damxobil ConCxebsac vxvdebiT. rogorc 

Cans, gaqristianebulma mosaxleobam warmarTuli 

sasaflao male gaauqma. feodaluri drois samarovani 

saZebnelia iqve axlo, wminda giorgis eklesiis nangrevebTan.~ 

es aris, meti rom ar vTqvaT, umniSvnelovanesi da 

sensaciuri aRmoCena, da ra kargi iqneboda, giorgi bo- 

WoriZec moswreboda, romelic yovlad usamarTlod 

Seewira represiebs. 

brilis X-XI saukuneebis, Sirimis Tlili qviT 

nagebi, wminda giorgis eklesia daingra XIX saukune- 

Si (eklesiis Camoqceva daaCqara ufro adre sof. brilis 

mosaxleobisagan daclam). dRes misi saZirkveli 

da kedlebis mcire nawiliRaa darCenili. eWvs gareSea, 

rom manamde aq ufro Zveli taZari unda yofiliyo, raki 

ase Sors midis qristianobis gavrceleba mTaraWaSi. 

vidre sxvaganac ar aRmoCenila msgavsi an sxva saxis 

damadasturebeli nivTieri Tu werilobiTi damow- 

7

meba, germane gobejiSvilis mier brilis samarovanze 

mikvleuli qristianobis gavrcelebis kvali jerjerobiT 

yvelaze adreulia raWis teritoriaze. Tu saidan 

Sevida qristianoba da gavrcelda mTaraWaSi, SevecdebiT 

am movlenis axsnas mokled: 

kargadaa cnobili, rom qarTlis gaqristianebisTanave 

es procesi daiwyo mis momijnave qarTul provinciebSi 

da maT Soris mTian dvaleTSic. dvaleTis 

mosaxleobis gaqristianebas rom udides mniSvnelobas 

aniWebdnen qarTlis mefeebi, kargad Cans iqidanac, rom 

vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli (Vs.) niqozis 

saepiskoposos, romlis SemadgenlobaSiac liaxvis xeoba, 

dvaleTi da masTan mTaraWac Sedioda, mTavari daniSnuleba 

iyo mTian mxareebSi qristianobis ganmtkiceba. 

es misia niqozis saepiskoposom bolomde Seasrula. 

mokled, qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad 

aRiarebas maleve mohyva dvaleTisa da raWis mTiule- 

Tis moqceva. ase rom, Zveli metalurgiis umZlavresi 

keris _ brilis mosaxleoba qristes swavlebas eziara 

mcxeTidan, liaxvis xeobis gavliT. 

Tu ra xdeba am dros danarCen raWaSi (raWas mxolod 

pirobiTad vxmarobT, radganac es saxelwodeba 

X saukunidanaa cnobili, manamde ki Takverad moixsenieba 

leCxumTan erTad) qristianobis gavrcelebasTan 

dakavSirebiT, cnobili araa. es sakTixi kvlav did Seswavlas 

moiTxovs. didi, sagangebo arqeologiuri samuSaoebi 

raWaSi mxolod brilSia Catarebuli. sxva adgilebic 

elodebian arqeologebs... vin icis, ra imaleba 

miwis qveS... 

unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli, berZnuli da romauli 

werilobiTi wyaroebi, aseve saeklesio wminda zepirgadmocema, 

saqarTveloSi, kerZod, fazisis (rionis) xeobaSi, 

qristianobis qadagebasa da gavrcelebas wminda 

8

mociqulebs miaweren, rac ueWvels xdis, rom qristes 

swavlebis naTeli pirvelsave saukuneSi moefina raWis 

mosaxleobas. ucnobia mxolod, Tu rogor ganviTarda 

movlenebi mociqulTa qadagebis Semdgom, rodis da sad 

aigo pirveli qristianuli samlocveloebi Tu taZrebi 

da a.S. 

raWis warsulisa da dRevandelobis mkvlevars 

levan fruiZes miaCnia, rom raWa-leCxumSi pirveli 

qristianuli taZrebis mSeneblobis dasawyisi VI-VII 

saukuneebiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros, Tumca am periodis 

nagebobaTa naSTebi jerjerobiT mikvleuli araa. mxolod 

VIII-IX saukuneebiT TariRdeba joisubnisa da 

meWvreTis brwyinvale taZrebi, romelTaganac marto 

kedlebiRaa SemorCenili da isic sanaxevrod. 

eklesia-monasterTa aRmSeneblobam farTo masStabebi 

SeiZina X-XI saukuneebSi, rasac garkveulwilad 

xeli Seuwyo raWis Zlieri saerisTavos Camoyalibebamac. 

am dros igeba SesaniSnavi taZrebi: nikorwmindis 

wm. nikolozis, krixis mTavarangelozTa, mravalZalis 

wm. giorgis, Rviaris jvarcmis, patara onis `rakeTis~ 

wm. nikolozis, tbeTis mTavarangelozTa, brilis wm. 

giorgis, Rebis jvarcmis (SemdgomSi macxovris), bubis 

jvris, Sodis wm. giorgis, sxieris `mirianeuli uZravi~ 

wm. giorgis, Seubnis `sinawminda~, gorisubnis wm. 

barbales, miqarwmindis mTavarangelozis, mTis (leknaris) 

wm. giorgis, RadiSis wm. giorgis, boyvis mTavarangelozis 

da kidev mravali saydari. 

XII saukune sayovelTao aRmavlobis _ oqros xanaa 

saqarTvelosi, sadac raWis saerisTavoc mZlavrobs 

da udidesi yuradReba eqceva sasuliero cxovrebas. 

TviT raWis erisTavebi _ kaxaberiZeni arian mfarveli 

da mzrunveli eklesia-monasterTa. 

XIII saukunidan, cnobil mizezTa gamo, raWis kul- 

9

turuli da ekonomiuri done daqveiTebas iwyebs, rac 

momdevno saukuneebSiac grZeldeba. sagrZnoblad klebulobs 

rogorc mSenebloba, ise aSenebulis xuroTmoZRvrul-mxatvruli 

Rirebuleba. 

daRmasvla daetyo raWis monastrebsac. nelinel 

mcirdeba rogorc savaneTa ricxvi, ise aq moRvaweTa 

raodenoba. Tuki ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebSi raWa, 

Cveni mokvleviT, 30-mde monasters iTvlida, XIX saukunes 

mxolod sami: WeliSis, veltyevisa da soris savaneebi 

Sexvda moqmedi, da isic Zvelebur brwyinvalebas 

moklebuli, welTa daRmarTze mimavali. XX saukunes 

ki marto WeliSis udabno SemorCa 1930-iani wlebis bolomde 

da amiT dasrulda raWis samonastro cxovrebis 

mravalsaukunovani da Sinaarsiani matiane. 

raWis, aw ukve, namonastralTa araerTxel monaxulebam 

saSualeba momca TvalnaTliv warmomedgina aqauri 

bermonazvnuri cxovrebis Suq-Crdilebi, is siZneleebi, 

rasac monazvnebi waawydebodnen yofiT problemebTan 

WidilSi, metadre maRalmTian adgilebSi, sadac mxolod 

uflis neba, sulis simdidre da dauSreteli energia 

unda yofiliyo is macocxlebeli wyaro, riTac sazrdoobdnen 

bermonazvnebi. sxvagvarad, Tamar dedoflis 

kldis qvabebs, Sodisa Tu bubis savaneebs mosagre ar 

eyoleboda. baraqala maT garjas! 

saqarTveloSi pirveli monasteri mefe vaxtang 

gorgasalis iniciativiT dauarsebiaT klarjeTSi 

(Vs.). farTo samonastro mSenebloba ki asureli mamebis 

mosvlas (VI s.) ukavSirdeba. im dros daarsda 

zedaznis, SiomRvimes, martyofis, daviTgarejisa da sxva 

savaneebi. gansakuTrebuli Zala da madli SesZina samonastro 

cxovrebas grigol xanZTelis daucxromelma 

moRvaweobam (VIII-IX ss.). am didebuli moRvawisa da 

misi mowafeebis mier tao-klarjeTSi aigo mravali 

10

mamaTa da dedaTa savane da maT Soris pirvelad dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi _ ubis monasteri. Cveni mosazrebiT, 

aseve IX saukunes unda mivaweroT raWaSi bermonazvnuri 

cxovrebis Casaxva. amis Tqmis uflebas X saukunis 

monasterTa simravlec gvaZlevs. 

raWaSi samonastro cxovrebis aRmavlobas didad 

Seuwyobda xels raWis saerisTavos Seqmna X saukunis 

bolos. TviT is faqti, rom raWis saxelovani erisTavi 

kaxaberi berad aRikveca 1030-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, 

bevris mimaniSnebelia. sCans, bermonazvnuri cxovreba 

did pativSia im drois raWaSi. amasTanave, raWis yvela 

mxare, mTisa da baris soflebi, mWidrodaa dasaxlebuli 

da eklesia-monasterTa mSeneblobac gacxovelebiT 

mimdinareobs. 

raWis sazRvrebs gareTac (dRevandeli saCxeris 

raioni) gamoukveTia kldeSi didi mRvimuri monasteri 

kaxabers, rac raWis ZlierebasTan erTad, am pirovnebis 

maRali sulierebis utyuari niSania. ai, ras wers vaxuSti 

batoniSvili: `... bJinevis xevs zeiT, yvirilis CrdiloT 

kerZ kldezed, ars mRvime, klde didi gamokveTili, 

da mas Sina monasteri ugumbaTo, wiTlis brwyinvalis 

qviT Seni, kaxaber raWis erisTavisgan aRSenebuli. quabsa 

Sina dis wyaro didi da keTili. uzis arqimandriti~. 

vin icis, iqneb am monasterSi gaatara darCenili 

wlebi kaxaber raWis erisTavma. 

samonastro cxovreba qristianobis ganuyofeli 

nawili da, amasTanave, SeiZleba iTqvas, sarwmunoebis 

ufro maRali, siRrmiseuli gamovlenaa. monasteri adamianis 

RmerTTan siaxlovis iseT did siRrmeebs warmoaCens, 

rac Cveulebriv yofaSi miuwvdomelia. samyaros 

Semqmnelisagan STagonebuli adamiani savaneSi midis 

sulieri sazrdos, siyvarulis, simSvidisa da sxva uamrav 

sikeTeTa mosapoveblad; xolo rac Seexeba material- 

11

urs _ arsebobisaTvis aucilebeli minimumiT kmayofildeba. 

cxoverbiseul siamovnebaTa daTmobas ki ganapirobebs 

udidesi rwmena da sulis simtkice. swored 

aq aris sibrZne da STagoneba Cadebuli pirovnebis asamaRleblad, 

misi moralur-zneobrivi mrwamsis gansamtkiceblad. 

bermonazonTa kanonikuri, mtkiced dadgenili 

wesdebiT moRvaweoba Zneli da rTulia imdenad, 

ramdenadac mSvenieria misi nayofi _ sulieri amaRleba 

da uflis samsaxuri. WeSmariti beris piraduli 

bedniereba Sorsaa amqveyniuri bednierebisagan. sruli 

kmayofilebis gancdas is, mxolod da mxolod, sulierad 

ganwmendaSi hpovebs gulmxurvale locviTa da 

ubiwo samsaxuriT. 

berad aRkveca da savaneSi damkvidreba, Tanamedrove 

gagebiT, sruliadac ar niSnavs raRac idumalebriv Tavis 

TavSi Caketvas, srul gandegilobas. savane aris 

kurTxeuli saxli, sadac adamianma sauflo tvirTi 

unda zidos, Rirseulad emsaxuros sarwmunoebasa da 

qveyanas. aToneli beri paisi ambobs: `monazvnebi Cveni 

eklesiis mekavSireebi arian, isini ganeSorebian miwier 

dabrkolebebs, raTa mudmivi locviTi kavSiri iqonion 

RmerTTan da Seewion sxva adamianebs.~ 

gandegilTa asketuri cxovreba, romelic ZiriTadad 

damaxasiaTebeli iyo e.w. meudabnoeobis xanaSi 

(VI-VIII ss.), arsebiTad Seicvala momdevno saukuneebSi, 

roca asketurma idealebma mniSvnelovani Serbileba 

ganicada da ganaxlebuli samonastro mowyobis Car- 

CoebSi moeqca. Tumca meudabnoeoba, rogorc aseTi, yovelTvis 

ganagrZobda da dResac ganagrZobs arsebobas. 

monasteri berZnuli sityvaa, rac pirdapiri TargmaniT 

gandegilis senaks niSnavs, ise ki bermonazonTa 

saeklesio krebulia, romelsac gaaCnia Tavisi wesdeba 

(tibikoni), samlocvelo taZari, sacxovrebeli nagebo- 

12

ani, Sida meurneoba da a.S. 

monastris wesdebas adgenda misive damaarsebeli. 

magaliTad, petriwonis qarTvelTa savanis wesdeba 

Seadgina da xeli moawera misma amSenebelma grigol 

bakurianma. Seiswavla ra aRniSnuli monastris msaxurTa 

moRvaweoba, akad. ak. SaniZe wers: ...`yvela maT 

Tav-Tavis dros undoda sasmel-saWmeli, fexsacmeli da 

tansacmeli; monasters mamulebi hqonda da saqoneli 

hyavda, romelTac movla sWirdeboda, mosavlis aReba, 

muSebs xelfasis micema da sxva. amasTanave wirva-locva 

eklesiaSi, maSenebelTa da SemwirvelTa moxseneba, 

mlocvelTa da stumarTa miReba, sneulTa mkurnaloba, 

moxucebulTa mixedva da sxva _ yvela es sakmaod rTuli 

saqme iyo da Tavidanve unda yofiliyo yvelaferi 

gaTvaliswinebuli, gansazRvruli da Camowerili. erTi 

sityviT, saWiro iyo tibikoni anu wesdeba, romelsac 

qarTulad Zvelad agreTve `wesi~, `gangeba~ an `wesi da 

gangeba~ ewodeboda. 

petriwonSi grigol bakurianis-Zem aago erTi sasneulo 

(saavadmyofo) da sami sastumro sxvadasxva 

adgilas, Seswira soflebi glexebiTurT, cixe-qalaqebi, 

saZovrebi, zvrebi, saTevzao tba, wisqvili da bevri sxva 

ram da ekonomiurad savsebiT uzrunvelyo. amas garda, 

Seswira saeklesio wignebi, xatebi, jvrebi, samoseli da 

dauarsa skola, sadac eqvsi axalgazrda swavlobda 

yvelafers, rac saWiro iyo saeklesio msaxurebisaTvis. 

petriwonis monasterSi moRvaweobda 51 kaci. amaTgan: 

1 winamZRvari, 2 ikonomisi, 1 dekanozi, 6 mwirveli 

mRvdeli, 2 mTavardiakoni, 2 kerZo diakoni, 1 meWurWle, 

1 mnaTe, 1 kelari anu ostigani, 1 memarne, 1 metrapeze, 1 

mestumre, 2 meuZlure, 1 zedamxedveli, 1 mepure, 1 mzareuli, 

1 mekare, danarCeni ki iyvnen mgaloblebi da 

mefsalmuneebi. 

13

TanamdebobaTa pirebis Rirseba da movaleoba 

gansazRvruli iyo wesdebis meeqvse TavSi.~ 

qristianobaSi arsebobs rogorc mamaTa, ise dedaTa 

monasteri. monastris winamZRvris saxelwodebaa 

iRumeni, xolo gansakuTrebulad didi monastris _ arqimandriti. 

monastris Semosavlebis wyaro saqarTveloSi istoriulad 

sxvadasxva periodebSi gansxvavebuli iyo, 

magram ZiriTadad momdinareobda Semowirulebebidan 

(adgil-mamulebi glexebiTurT, fuli, saeklesio inventari, 

sursaT-sanovage...) da adgilobrivi samonastro 

meurneobidan. 

qarTvel mefeTa, didebulTa da sasuliero pirTa 

SemweobiT aigo uamravi samonastro kompleqsi rogorc 

CvenTan, ise ucxoeTSi (palestina, egvipte, saberZneTi, 

bulgareTi...). monastrebi iyo qarTuli cnobierebis 

amaRlebis, kulturis, mwignobrobis mniSvnelovani 

kerebi. aq iqmneboda qarTuli originaluri mwerlobis 

margalitebi. gaSlili iyo farTo mTargmnelobiTi 

saqmianoba. 

samonastro cxovrebis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, 

didi, SeiZleba iTqvas, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba 

eniWeboda da eniWeba monastris adgilis SerCevas. sagangebod 

arCevdnen araxmaurian, myudro garemos sasulieroTa 

rac SeiZleba meti sulieri simSvidis mosapoveblad 

da nayofieri SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisaTvis. 

Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs bunebriv garemos 

samonastord, kargad Cans wminda aTonis mTis magali- 

Tze, roca Rirs mama petres wm. nikolozTan erTad 

gamoecxada RvTismSobeli, romelmac Tqva: `RmerTis 

Tavisufali msaxurebisTvis ar arsebobs imaze ukeTesi 

adgili, vidre aTonis mTaa, romelic me wilad mergo 

Cemi Zisa da RmrTisagan. dae isini, visac hnebavs ga- 

14

neSoros wuTisoflis SfoTs da sazrunavs, movidnen 

aq da mSvidad da daubrkoleblad emsaxuron RmerTs. 

dae amieridan es mTa Cems venaxad iwodebodes. es adgili 

Zlier miyvars da dadgeba Jami, roca igi gaivseba 

RmrTivsulieri moRvaweebiT. Cemi Sewevna ar moakldeba 

maT, me Sevumsubuqeb maT Sromas da sneulebebs da 

Sevewevi, raTa mcire saxsrebiT dovlaTSi icxovron. 

maTi meoxi viqnebi mterTan brZolaSi da maT nayofs 

ganvadideb qveynierebaze~. 

gaivlis dro da wminda aTonis mTaze qarTveli 

berebic damkvidrdebian (Xs.) da aageben STambeWdav savanes. 

kargadaa cnobili, rom Tavdapirvelad monastrebs 

mxolod bermonazvnebi agebdnen TavianTTvis, sxvaTa 

daxmarebis gareSe. am mxriv mdgomareoba arsebiTad 

Seicvala momdevno xanaSi. iv. javaxiSvili wers: `XI- 

XII saukuneebidan dawyebuli, axali monastrebis mometebuli 

nawili xom sul kerZo pirebis agebuli iyo da 

sapatronod iTvleboda~. istorikosi, qalbatoni mamisa 

berZniSvili ki ambobs: `monasters agebda yoveli qarTveli 

didebuli da es misi sagvareulo Rirsebis 

erT-erTi aucilebeli niSanic iyo. amitomac yoveli 

maTgani cdlobda, rom mis mier agebuli moanasteri, 

garegnuli lazaTis garda, qonebrivadac uzrunveli 

yofiliyo.~ 

Cvens xelT arsebuli werilobiTi sabuTebis gacnoba 

saSualebas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom raWis monastrebsac 

ar akldaT mfarveloba gavleniani kerZo pirebisagan 

maSin, roca es ukanasknelni TviTonac Zlierad 

gamoiyurebodnen. amis erT-erTi bolo magaliTi didi 

feodali _ rostom raWis ersTavia, romlis TaosnobiTa 

da SemweobiTac veltyevis monasterSi Zveli, dazianebuli 

eklesiis nacvlad aigo axali taZari. cxa- 

15

dia, rom igi sxva saxis xelSewyobasac ar daiSurebda 

monastrisaTvis. 

kavkasionis mTebs mama rafaelma _ RvTaebriobis 

taxti uwoda, radganac isini uamrav saidumlos inaxaven 

dRemde. rasakvirvelia, aq raWac igulisxmeba, sadac 

saukuneebSi Caikarga bevri ram Cvengan dafaruli da 

maT Soris samonastro cxovrebis mniSvnelvoani movlenebi. 

zepiri gadmocema da moRweuli werilobiTi 

wyaroebi mxolod mcireds asaxaven im didi sulieri 

simdidrisas, rasac bermonazvnuri moRvaweoba hqvia. vin 

uwyis, raWis mTebis wiaRSi ramdenia Cvengan uxilavi 

mRvime, skiti, kelia, sadac uricxv meudabnoe mwirs Tu 

dayudebuls ucxovria. araTu mRvime gandegilTaTvis, 

CvenTvis ucnobia zogi monasteric ki, romelTa naSTebic 

miwiTaa dafaruli da waSlilia odesRac maTi arsebobis 

kvali, romelTa moZieba mxolod arqeologiur 

kvlevas SeuZlia. 

qvemoT, SeZlebisdagvarad, mogvyavs mokle aRwera 

da warsuli im savaneebisa, romelTa Sesaxebac, ase Tu 

ise, SevZeliT mogvegrovebina cnobebi. aqedan bevr monasterze 

araviTari werilobiTi sabuTi ar gagvaCnda, 

ramac ufro gagviZnela saqme. ver SevZeli mikvleva 

zogierTi namonastralisa (gadamSi, bari...), romelTa 

Sesaxebac garkveuli miniSnebebi gagvaCnia Zvel werilobiT 

wyaroebsa Tu TqmulebebSi. garda amisa, namonastralebi 

meguleba sxva adgilebSiac. leCxumis 

qedis samxreT dabal kalTebze, soflebis: tola-xvan- 

Wkara-Corjos Tavs, tyeSi, rogorc viciT, adre ramdenime 

`soCbis~ taZari yofila, iseTive, rogoric sofl 

Rviaris Tavs (3 km.) dResacaa SemorCenili `soCbis~ 

wm. giorgis eklesia. dasanania CemTvis, rom aRniSnuli 

taZrebis nangrevebs jerjerobiT ver mivakvlie, sadac 

SesaZlebelia monastris kvalic iyos, iseve rogorc 

16

TviT sof. CorjoSi. monastris naSTebi unda iyos xeoris, 

jejoris, Rarulas xeobebSi da sxvaganac. 

raWa martooden bunebis simSvenieriT rodi 

gamoirCeva, CvenTvis saamayoa misi warsulic, romlis 

erTi naTeli gamovlineba samonastro cxovrebaa. 

2. vaJa gobejiSvili 

17

18 

nikorwmindis monasteri 

erTaderTi monasteri raWaSi, romlis daarsebis 

TariRic zustadaa cnobili _ nikorwmindis monasteria. 

gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefis bagrat III-is 

dros agebuli samonastro ansambli, wminda nikolozis 

saxelze aSenebuli ubrwyinvalesi taZriT, RvTismosavi 

berebis myudro savaned 1014 wels iqca. savaraudoa, da 

asec iqneboda, rom am didebuli savanis aRmSeneblobaSi 

mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana raWis pirvelma 

erisTavma rati liparitisZemac. cnobilia, rom SemdgomSi 

ratis STamomavlebi _ kaxaberisZeni XI saukunis 

pirvel naxevarSive taZars ugeben samxreT da dasavle- 

Tis karibWes, amkoben Zvirfasi saeklesio inventariT, 

swiraven uZrav da moZrav qonebas. maTi saxelebi moxseniebulia 

karibWis lapidarul warwerebSi. 

nikorwmindis monastris Sesaxeb metad mniSvnelovan 

cnobebs Seicavs XI saukunis sabuTi-angariSgeba, 

romelic Sedegnilia monastris winamZRvris mier da 

samecniero literaturaSi cnobilia rogorc nikorwmidelis 

`dawerili~. misi originali dRes aRar arsebobs 

(daiwva quTaisis muzeumSi). sargis kakbaZis cnobiT 

sigeli dawerili yofila tyavzed (219×11,5 sm.) da 

aklda Tavi da bolo. amitomac cnobili araa damweris 

vinaoba. 

`dawerili~ pirvelad, 1897 wels, gamoaqveyna Tavis 

qronikebSi Tedo Jordaniam, romelic aRniSnavs: `misi 

paleografiuli niSnebi gviCvenebs, rom sigeli dawerilia 

XI saukunis xeliT. amas eTanxmeba TviT Sinaarsi 

siglisa~. 

`dawerilis~ Sedgenas mkvlevarebi 1071-1080 wlebs 

Sua aqceven da mianiSneben, rom manamde monasters ramdenime 

winamZRvari mainc unda hyoloda.

nikorwmindis monastris Sesaxeb sayuradRebo 

gamokvlevebi gamoaqveynes prof. Tamaz beraZem da mamisa 

berZniSvilma. qalbatonma mamisam Tavis monografiaSi 

_ `meTerTmete saukunis qarTuli saistorio wyaroebi~, 

Zirfesvianad gaSala `dawerilis~ Sinaarsi da, mxaris 

socialur-ekonomiur mowyobasTan erTad, sainteresod 

warmogvidgens monastris cxovrebasa da meurneobas: `... 

nikorwmida kaxaberiZeTa sagvareulo monasteria, xolo 

nikorwmideli, maTi sagvareulo monastris winamZRvari, 

cdilobs gazardos monastris meurneoba. 

... dawerilis mixedviT, nikorwmidels mamulebi 

(Sewiruli da nasyidi) aqvs 31 geografiul punqtSi. 

aqedan 18 raWis da imereTis dResac arsebuli sofelia, 

9 raWaSi (nikorwminda, xotevi, kaCaeTi, znakva, ximSi, 

Zirageuli, Sqmeri, jvarisa, agara), 9 ki imereTSi (sawire, 

jvarisa, cxilaTi, muxura, boboTi, Cixa, fuTi, bajiTi da 

okriba). 

monastris meurneobis saTaveSi winamZRvari dgas. 

igi gvevlineba monasterSi gaerTianebuli `Zmobis~, 

`krebulis~ sulier mamad da xatisadmi Cabarebul mamul-qonebis 

gamged. misi uzenaesi mepatrone xatia, igi, 

upirveles yovlisa, mis winaSe agebs pasuxs monastris 

qonebis mTlianobaze. 

nikorwmidels mamulebis SeZenis ramdenime wyaro 

aqvs: Sewiruleba, yidva, mogeba, gacvla, sazRavad aReba. 

nikorwmidis monasteri sakmaod vrceli samiwo 

mamulebis patronad da erTob msxvil miwaTmflobelad 

warmogvidgeba. Tavis am vrcel mamulebSi nikorwmideli 

eweva memindvreoba-mevenaxeobas da mesaqonleobas. 

nikorwmideli Tavisi meurneobis gafarToebasTan 

erTad farTo aRmSeneblobasac eweva. aq sasaxlis arseboba 

Cveni `dawerilis~ avtoris moRvaweobamde aris 

19

sagulvebeli (winamZRvari xom am monasters manamdec 

hyavda). mas miumatebia ara erTi sacxovrebeli da 

sameurneo nageboba. sasaxle xom, sacxovrebel saxlebs 

garda, sameurneo nagebobaTa kompleqssac gulisxmobs. 

nikorwmideli Tavis meurneobas geografiuli 

mdebareobis mixedviT ramdenime nawilad hyofs da 

TiToeul am nawilSi hqmnis calke sasaxles. mag: 

sawiris sasaxle aerTianebs imereTis mamulebs, meore 

sasaxle (raWis farglebs garda) muxurSia. nikorwmidis 

garda raWaSi agebs meore sasaxles xotevis agaraSi, 

romelic zeda zonas akontrolebs. nikorwmidelis 

meurneobis meore mikroraioni raWaSi lemanaurisa 

da xotevis mTebis CrdiloeT kalTebs qveS moTavsebuli 

dablobia, romelic md. rionis orive napirzea 

gadaSlili. am mikroraionis centrad nikorwmideli 

sof. znakvasa hqmnis da aq agebs kidev erT sasaxles. 

... safiqrebelia, rom nikorwmidelis meurneobaSi 

ZiriTadi adgili miwebis glexebze danawilebas eWireboda...~ 

1534 wels bagrat imerTa mefem nikorwmindis monasteri 

saepiskoposod aqcia. es kargadaa cnobili imdroindeli 

sabuTiT: `Cven mefeT-mefeman bagrat da 

Tanamecxedreman Cemman dedofalTdedofalman elene... 

xelvyaviT aRSenebad dakninebulisa monastrisa 

nikoloz wmidisa da Sevqmen saydrad da saepiskoposod 

da davadgine... meufe manuel...~ 

manuel episkopss eklesiurad daumorCila: `... 

okribis mTas aqeTi, nakaloebs aqeT, muxuris mTas aqeT, 

mTa dvaleTisa, Rebi, glola, fison gamomdinare rioni, 

sruliad raWa askis wyals gamoRma...~ 

nikorwmindis savane imTaviTve iqca raWaSi qristianuli 

religiis burjad. ager ukve aTi saukunea, rac 

misi madli da naTeli mTlian raWas aTbobs da asxi- 

20

vosnebs. nikorwminda dResac Zvel pativSia da aqaa 

saepiskoposo kaTedra. 

* * * 

Tu sasworis erT pinaze davdebT mraval keTil 

saqmes da meoreze mdumarebas, mdumareba gadaswonis. 

wmida isaak asuri 

21

22 

WeliSis udabno 

md. Sareulas mSvenier da Rrma xeobaSi, saSevardne 

mTis Ziras, patara davakebaa, sadac dResac dgas Weli- 

Sis monastris RvTismSoblis sanaxevrod dangreuli 

eklesia da axlad SekeTebuli samreklo, irgvliv ki 

samonastro ansamblis mravalgvari narCenia. monasteri, 

rogorc ganmartoebiT mdgari, moixsenieba WeliSis udabnodac. 

WeliSis udabno arsebobis xangrZlivobiT raWis 

yvela savanes aWarbebs. aq, sul mcire, 10 saukunis ganmavlobaSi 

mainc grZeldeboda bermonazonTa moRvaweoba 

uwyvetad. 

WeliSma udidesi misia aRasrula raWis sasuliero 

da kulturul cxovrebaSi. rad Rirs Tundac is, 

rom raWaSi (da ara marto) moRvawe samRvdeloTa umravlesoba 

Tavis droze swored aq iRebda saRmrTo 

swavla-ganaTlebas. 100-ze meti moqmedi taZari xom Sesabamisi 

raodenobis sasuliero pirs saWiroebda. 

savanidan ramdenime aseuli metris moSorebiT, 

maRliT, kldeSi nakveTi qvabebia berTa da dayudebul- 

TaTvis, rac erTiani samonastro ansamblis Semadgenel 

nawils warmoadgenda. gadmocemiT, miwisqveSa gvirabic 

ki arsebula gamoqvabulebamde. 

giorgi boWoriZe wers: èrTi uZvelesi xanis centrTagani 

unda yofiliyo WeliSi. im xanis Zegli iq 

ar Semonaxula. eklesia Zlier didi xnis aSenebuli 

ar unda iyos. igi SigniT da gareT galesilia kiriT 

da araviTari warwera ar uCans, vfiqrob XIV-XVI saukuneebisaa. 

uZvelesi xanis aris mxolod monastris 

gamoqvabulebi berTaTvis da sadayudebulo gandgomilTaTvis 

maRal kldeSi. magram WeliSi rom didi 

kulturis centri unda yofiliyo uZveles xanaSi, amas

adasturebs is xelnaweri wignebi, romlebmac moaRwies 

Cvenamde. erTi aseTi wignTagania etratze naweri oTx- 

Tavi XI saukunisa, gadatanili Semdeg xonWiorSi. am 

oTxTavis minaweri da masSi daculi anderZi gveubneba, 

rom oTxTavi WeliSis kuTvnilebaa. igive anderZi ixsenebs 

mraval Zvirfas Wedil da minanqrian nivTebs, 

romelnic gaukeTebia WeliSisaTvis daniel xanbaSuris 

gazrdils nikolozs. Tu XI saukuneSi aq iwereba, ibe- 

Wdeba, imkoba aseTi SesaniSnavi Zeglebi, cxadia, rom 

misi kulturis dasawyisi ufro adrindel dros miekuTvneba.~ 

ase rom, WeliSis udabnoSi bermonazonTa damkvidreba 

IX-X saukuneebs unda mivaweroT. xolo rac Seexeba 

taZars, imave xanaSi unda aSenebuliyo, romelmac 

pirvandeli saxe dakarga da safuZvlianad SekeTda XVI 

saukunis meore naxevarSi, nikorwmindeli episkoposis 

melqisedekis (sayvareliZe) ZalisxmeviT. 

WeliSis monasterSi inaxeboda uamravi Zveli qarTuli 

xelnaweri. 1902 wels arqimandritma, wminda 

ambrosim (eriskacobaSi besarion xelaia. SemdgomSi 

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi) eklesiis ezoSi 

aRmoaCina akldama, sadac inaxeboda `moqcevai qarTlisais~ 

manamde ucnobi xelnaweris varianti, Satberdulze 

ufro vrceli. am mniSvnelovani aRmoCenis Sesaxeb 

arqimandritma vrclad auwya sazogadoebas qarTuli 

Jurnal-gazeTebis furclebidan. 

uZvelesi xanis werilobiTi cnobebi, garda zemoT 

aRniSnulisa, WeliSis monastris Sesaxeb ar Semonaxula. 

mxolod XVI saukunidan moipoveba mniSvnelovani 

sigel-gujrebi, romlebic naTel warmodgenas gviqmnian 

savanisa da mis irgvliv mimdinare movlenebze. 

XVI saukunis bolos Sedgenili, imereTis mefe levan 

I-is Sewirulobis wigni gveubneba: òrsave taxt- 

23

sa da saxel... mpyrobelman Cven RvTiv gvirguinosanma 

mefeTmefeman patronman leon ese wyalobis wigni da 

sigeli SegiwyaleT da giboZeT Tqven nikolwmindelsa 

baqraZesa ambroses, mas Jamsa odes Tqvenisa erTgulobisaTvis 

dagvijeniaT da vismineT aja da moxseneba 

Tqveni da SegiwyaleT da giboZeT xonWori srulobiT 

da WeliSi da namarnevs mWedliZeni.~ 

1637 wels WeliSis monasteri imereTis mefe giorgi 

mesamem gelaTs gadasca. 

saintereso cnobas Seicavs 1796 wliT daTariRebuli 

beJan wereTlis Sewirulobis wigni: `q. nebiTa 

da SewevniTa RvTisaTa me beJan wereTelma vigule da 

vigulismodgine, WeliSis udabnoSid mivedi da Cemi aRsareba 

Rirssa da patiosan mamebs movaxsene da wminda 

RvTismSobels Sevavedre suli Cemi, rom damicvas aeris 

mcvelisagan... 

... Senma winamdegebma berebma aRTqma damidves, sanamdisi 

es udabno iqneba, manamdisi weliwadSid TiTo 

wirva xarebas ar mogeSalosT... 

mowame da gamrige amisi jer RmerTia da kacTagan 

aris amisi mowame winamZRvari grigol, daviT beri WoxoneliZe, 

nikoloz surRulaZe, beri neTsaZe, besarion, 

markoz, beri daviT nasraZe, beri diakvnebi, ioseliani 

nikoloza da sxvebi TxuTmet Teqvsmetamdisi.~ 

amis Semdeg, sxvadasxva dros, WeliSis udabnos adgil-mamuls 

TavianTi glexebiTurTa da Zvirfas nivTebs 

swiraven didgvarovnebi: paata wulukiZe, nikoloz yifiani, 

nikoloz iaSvili, giorgi maCabeli da sxvebi. mefe 

erekle meorem ki zarebi Seswira monasters. 

1819 wlis sabuTiT WeliSis monasters raWis mTel 

rig soflebSi 16 komli yma-glexi ekuTvnoda. amas garda, 

raWis qedze 3000 desetina tyec mis mflobelobaSi 

iyo. ufro adre ki monasteri gacilebiT met simdidres 

24

flobda yma-glexebisa da miwis farTobebis saxiT. 

1902 wels gazeTma ìveriam~ (#211) gamoaqveyna 

folklorist sosiko merkvilaZis werili, sadac kargadaa 

asaxuli savanis imdroindeli mdgomareoba: 

`WeliSis udabnos garegani Sexeduloba da misi 

mdebareoba cxadad dagarwmunebT, rom Cven gvyolia namdvili 

RvTis mosavi da xalxis moyvare mamebi, romelTac 

kargad scodniaT RvTis samlocvelod da erisaTvis 

samoRvaweod rogori alagia saWiro. WeliSis monasteri 

Semokrulia uSveleblis maRalis mTebiT, arc gza 

aqvs axlos da arc kvali; Znelad mas kaci miudges, Tu 

gul-da-gul iq ar midis. am utex da miudgomel mTeb- 

Sua, rogorc CaSuqebuli naTeli, sdgas oblad patara 

monasteri WeliSisa, galavan SemozRuduli qvitkiris 

kedliT da am monasterSi mavedrebel ZmaTa saxlebiT... 

monastris galavan gareT mravali didroni 

nigvzis xeebia, patara vake, saca bostneuloba iTeseba 

da didi auzia kalmaxebisaTvis. mama ambrosim gviTxra, 

monasters zogi friad Zvirfasi etratis xel-nawerebi 

aqvs SesaniSnavis zed-warwerebiT, magram daexiaT zogi 

maTgani viRac uvicebso... 

Zvelad Cveni monastrebi gvaZlevdnen mwignobrebs, 

mqadageblebs, mgaloblebs da saero muSakebs. mravali 

monasteri gvizrdida da gviwvrTnida mozard Taobas, 

romelsac mtkiced unergavda sarwmunebas, enis da mamulis 

siyvaruls. 

gamigonia momswreebisagan da mec odnav maxsovs is 

dro, rodesac samRvdelod gamzadebuls diakons ise 

ar akurTxebdnen mRvdlad, Tu erTi an ori weliwadi 

romelsame gamoCenil mamaTa monasterSi ar gavidoda 

gasawvrTnelad da ar Seiswavlida samagaliTo wirvalocvis 

wess, qadagebas da mTelis oTxi wirvis wesis 

galobas...~ 

25

imave gazeTis furclebze (1903 w. #131) ki raWis 

samrevlo-saeklesio skolebis meTvalyure, mRvdeli 

simon WeliZe werda: ìyo dro, rodesac mTels raWaSi 

sasuliero samsaxuris mosurne WeliSis monasterSi 

iRebda saRmrTo swavla-ganaTlebas. aq SexvdebodiT 

uricxv xalxs, romelnic varjiSobdnen saeklesio galobaSi 

da samRrTo werilis kiTxvaSi. am monasterSi 

naswavlni dResac msaxureben raWis eklesiebSi da atkboben 

msmenelis yurs samRrTo werilis mSvenieris 

kiTxviTa. 

magram gavida dro da am monasters moaklda moswavleTa 

ricxvi. seminarielTa raodenobam imata da 

monasterSi swavla miRebulni veRar Souloben sasurvels 

adgils. amisaTvis monastris cxovreba Se- 

Cerda, aRar aris is moZraoba, rasac adre vxedavdiT. 

ai, am garemoebas miaqcia yuradReba awindelma 

WeliSis monastris winamZRvarma, didad pativcemulma 

arqimandritma ambrosim da surs isev ganacxovelos 

monastris cxovreba. 

yvelasaTvis cxadia, rom axlandelni seminarielni 

Zlier sustoben qarTul wirva-locvaSi; amis mizezi 

yvelasaTvis aSkaraa. amisaTvis mama ambrosis azrada 

aqvs yovlad samRvdelo imereTis episkoposis leonidis 

nebarTviT is seminarielni, romlebic samRvdelod 

emzadebian, uTuod varjiSobdnen samRrTo werilis 

kiTxvaSi am monastris zRudeTa Soris. azri yovlad 

patiosania da, imedia, axlo momavlSi ganxorcieldeba. 

maSin Cven monasters xom sicocxlec moemateba.~ 

amrigad, arsebobis grZel monakveTze, WeliSis 

savane raWis saeklesio-samonastro cxovrebis umniSvnelovanes 

kerad gvevlineba da mxaris mTel perimetrs 

moicavs. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom WeliSis monastris ukanasknel 

26

ers levanti metrevels 1937 wlamde ucxovria udabnoSi. 

mas mere didi dro gavida, bevri ram Seicvala 

mzisqveSeTSi da am bolo dros maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi, 

nikorwmideli mTavarepiskoposi elises (joxa- 

Ze) locva-kurTxeviTa da ZalisxmeviT gamococxleba 

daetyo Zvel monasters; mSvenivrad SekeTda samreklo, 

sadac garkveul dReebSi, vidre taZari aRdgeba, wirvalocva 

aRevlineba. gaCnda TavSesafaric... misi didi 

survilia da iRwvis imisaTvis, raTa udabnoSi kvlav 

Seiqmnas pirobebi bermonazonTa dasamkvidreblad, rac 

raWis mdidari samonastro cxovrebis aRorZinebis dasawyisi 

iqneba. 

RmerTma inebos! 

* * * 

CvenTvis cnobilia WeliSis monastris 17 winamZ- 

Rvari: 

1. arqimandriti danieli _ 1800-iani-1811 ww. 

2. arq. svimeoni (wulukiZe) _ 1811-1838 ww. 

3. arq. ioane (ioseliani) _ 1846-1852 ww. 

4. arq. nikolozi (niJaraZe) _ 1852-1856 ww. 

5. arq. onifante (nadiraZe) _ 1856-1859 ww. 

6. iRumeni iosebi (baqraZe ) _ 1860-1866 ww. 

7. arq. makari (iaSvili) _ 1867-1891 ww. 

8. arq. nikifore (kandelaki) _ 1892-1897 ww. 

9. arq. danieli (axvlediani) _ 1897-1902 ww. 

10. arq. ambrosi (xelaia) _ 1902-1903 ww. 

11. arq. grigoli (CxaiZe) _ 1903-1906 ww. 

12. arq. klimenti (Coqvani) _ 1906-1916 ww. 

13. iRumeni pavle (jafariZe) _ 1916-1917 ww. 

14. arq. makari _ 1917 w. 

15. iRumeni ioane (SaniZe) _ 1917-1918 ww. 

16. mRvdelmonazoni domenti _ 1918 w. 

27

28 

17. arq. lavrenti (metreveli) _ 1918-1937 ww. 

* * * 

vinc udabnosa da mdumarebaSi cxovrobs, is sami 

gansacdelisagan Tavisufalia: smenis, enisa da mzerisagan; 

mas mxolod erTi gansacdeli aqvs _ sakuTari 

gulisagan. 

wmida antoni didi

meWvreTis monasteri 

iyo dro, roca meWvreTis did monasterSi mravalricxovani 

qarTveli berebi rudunebiT aRasrulebdnen 

uflisa da qveynis samsaxurs. namonastralis monaxuleba 

cxads xdis, rom odesRac sawuTros sazrunavsa 

da SfoTian cxovrebas garidebul bermonazvnebs 

sof. lixeTis es Tvalwarmtaci adgili sasuliero 

cxovrebis mniSvnelovan kerad uqceviaT. Zveli eklesiis 

irgvliv Senoba-nagebobaTa nangrevebi amis utyuari 

dasturia. 

unda iTqvas, rom sof. lixeTis teritoria adreuli 

droidanve yofila dasaxlebuli. aq gaiTxara 

antikuri xanis samarxi, sadac sxva nivTebTan erTad 

aRmoCnda kolxuri TeTris moneta. miakvlies agreTve 

feodaluri xanis madnis sadnob Rumels. 

rac Seexeba meWvreTis monastris wminda giorgis 

Zvel taZars, misi aSeneba VIII-IX saukuneebs miekuTvneba 

da erT-erTi uZvelesia raWaSi. amJamad eklesiis 

dangreuli kedlebis nawilia SemorCenili. Tu rogor 

gamoiyureboda taZari 1920-ian wlebSi, amis Sesaxeb kargad 

mogviTxrobs giorgi boWoriZe: `meWvreTis eklesiis 

nangrevebi mdebareobs md. luxunis xeobaSi, sof. 

lixeTis CrdiloeTiT 1 versze, xevebis serulisa da 

xeoris SesarTavTan, goris dabal kalTaze, bunebiT mSvenier 

adgilas. 

eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa (10×× 5,8 m.), romelsac 

samxreTiT, dasavleTiT da CrdiloeTiT miSenebuli 

aqvs galeriebi. dRes Senaxulia mxolod eklesiis 

kedlebi da CrdiloeTi galeria, dazianebuli TaRiT, 

danarCeni nawilisa ki mxo lod nangrevebiRa moCans. 

eklesia moxatuli yofila; mxatvroba dRes naS- 

29

TadRa aris, CrdiloeT kedels kirze emCneva mxatvrobis 

kvali; Senaxulia wiTeli mkrTali ferebi. 

eklesia dauzianebiaT 1929 wels. igi ungreviaT da 

misi masala uzidiaT lixeTis skolis asaSeneblad. 

eklesiis dasavleTiT aris did SenobaTa nangrevebi, 

sadac berebis sacxovrebeli binebi unda yofiliyo; 

Zvelad aq monasteri yofila. 

eklesiasa da sxva Senobebs garSemo galavani hqonia, 

misi dRes naSTiRa moCans. aqve aris didi xnis tye, 

romelsac urevia bzis xeebic.~ 

rac Seexeba eklesiis mxatvrobis kvals, rasac mkvlevari 

aRgviwers, dRes yovelgvari niSani waSlilia. 

dro TviT am didebuli Zeglis kedlebsac ar indobs 

da pativcemuli mecnieris aRweris droidan sagrZnobi 

cvlileba ganicada. didi xnis tye ki isev ucvleladaa 

Semonaxuli da kvlav amSvenebs isedac mSvenier garemos. 

xeorisa da serulas ulamazesi xeobebis daboloeba 

marTlac saucxoo adgilia samonastrod. 

Tu rodis Caeyara safuZveli meWvreTis monasters, 

Zneli saTqmelia, magram SegviZlia vivarudoT, rom es 

moxda IX saukuneSi _ taZris agebis xanaSi. es unda 

yofiliyo erT-erTi Zveli savane raWaSi. 

rac Seexeba samonastro cxovrebis xangrZlivobas, 

SemorCenili naSTebis mdgomareobis mixedviT, SesaZloa, 

rom aq gvianfeodalur xanaSic emoRvawaT berebs. 

ar SeiZleba ar SeiniSnos, rom meWvreTis uZvelesi 

da unikaluri taZris nangrevebic ki Cveni udidesi simdidrea, 

rasac Sesabamisi movla-patronoba esaWiroeba. 

bevri, Tundac didi warsulis, qveyana inatrebda aseT 

Zegls da saTuTadac mouvlida. meWvreTis, joisubnis, 

Rviaris, bubis, Seubnisa da sxva mniSvnelovani taZrebis 

aRdgenas Tu ver SevZlebT, maTi atmosferuli naleqebi- 

30

sagan dacva ki unda movaxerxoT, raTa arsebuli saxiT 

mainc davutovoT momaval Taobebs. kargi iqneba Tu 

mxaris mesveurebi gulTan axlos miitanen aRniSnul 

sakiTxs. ar unda iyos SeuZlebeli weliwadSi Tundac 

erTi Zeglis saimedod dacva da gadarCena, Tu amis 

survili iqneba... marTalia, yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli 

respublikis ZeglTa dacvis samsaxuris pirdapiri movaleobaa, 

magram, sjobs ar davelodoT! 

* * * 

siRatake, mwuxareba, yovelives nakleboba _ ai, monazvnuri 

cxovrebis samuSao iaraRebi. 

amba pimeni 

31

32 

sxieris monasteri 

bermonazonTa moRvaweobis naTeli kvali amCnevia 

sof. sxieris `mirianeuli uZravi~ wminda giorgis 

eklesiasa da mis Semogarens. samonastro cxovrebas 

aq IX saukuneSi unda Cayroda safuZveli. amis Tqmis 

uflebas gvaZlevs aSenebis TariRi taZrisa, romelic 

miwisZvris (1990w.) Sedegad dRes nangrevebis saxiTaa 

warmodgenili. 

Zeglis 1920-ini wlebis giorgi boWoriZiseuli aRweriloba 

aseTia: `sxieris `mirianeuli uZravi~ wminda 

giorgis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa (7×× 4 m.), nagebi 

qvitkirisagan; dasavleTiT moCans saqalebos saZirkveli, 

xolo CrdiloeTiT (aRmosavleT nawilSi) _ romeliRac 

Senobis nangrevi. eklesia garedan galesilia 

kiriT. 

SigniT eklesia moxatulia; Res mxatvroba Senaxulia 

marto maRliTa nawilSi; mTeli samxreTiT kedeli 

da danarCeni kedlebis Zira nawili kiriTa da wamliT 

aris Selesili, warwerebi mxatvrobas asomTavrulad 

da xucurad aqvs. 

eklesiaSi inaxeba qvis ficari (86 × 71 sm.), romelic 

Zvelad eklesiis an misi erTaderTi Senobis keedelSi 

unda yofiliyo gakeTebuli; masze naqandakevia angelozebisa 

da saero-sasuliero pirTa saxeebi xucuri 

warweriT. qandakebisa da warwerebis TvalsazrisiT 

Zegli (qvis ficari) ekuTvnis IX-X saukuneebs.~ 

arsebobs varaudi, rom Cvenamde moRweuli eklesia 

Zvel nataZralzea aSenebuli, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs 

vTqvaT, rom sxieri qristianobis erT-erTi Zveli keraa 

raWaSi. 

unikaluria taZris kankeli, romelic X saukuniT 

TariRdeba da kankelTa aRmarTvis uZveles etaps gane-

kuTvneba. 

im mosazrebis gansamtkiceblad, rom sxierSi uwin 

monasteri arsebobda, metyvelebs mniSvnelovani faqti: 

sofeli sxieri taZris siaxloves mogvianebiT, gvianfeodalur 

xanaSi gaCnda, albaT mas Semdeg, rac bermonazvnuri 

cxovreba moiSala (wyaroebSi sofeli XVIII 

saukunidan moixsenieba sxuaris saxelwodebiT). wminda 

giorgis eklesiaSi ki mRvdelmsaxureba ar Sewyvetila 

manam, sanam aTeizmma ar imZlavra. 

sxiers rom odesRac savane yofila, amis mimaniSnebelia 

im 2 kilometriani wyalgayvanilobis darCenili 

naSTebic, romliTac sasmeli wyali miuyvaniaT monastramde. 

miwaSi Cawyobili Tixis milebi iseTive Zvelia, 

rogorc TviT monasteri. 

marTalia, amJamad eklesiis siaxloves samonastro 

ansamblis sxva nagebobaTa gamokveTili niSnebis povna 

Wirs martivi dakvirebiT, magram ueWvelia, rom aq miwis 

arc Tu ise sqeli fenis qveS bevri ram CvenTvis 

saintereso imaleba... drom da adamianma xom mTlianad 

Secvala savanis Zveleburi saxe... 

kargi mdebareoba aqvs sxieris monasters. onidan 

samiod kilometriT daSorebuli, SemaRlebuli adgili 

marTlacda Sesaferisia samonazvno cxovrebisaTvis, 

maxloblad mdebare tye da savargulebi ki samonastro 

meurneobis mosawyobad metad mosaxerxebeli. 

RvTis samsaxurSi Camdgari berebisaTvis sxieris 

kurTxeuli miwa myudro samyofeli da, masTan, cxoveli 

samoRvaweo unda yofiliyo. 


* * * 

33

34 

iyavi Sens senakSi da senaki yvelafers gaswavlis. 

amba mose

labeWinis monasteri 

sof. labeWinis (dRes ukve nasoflari) midamoebSi, 

soflis zemoT, dgas XIII saukunis STambeWdavi bazilikuri 

taZari _ mTavarangelozTa eklesia. uwin aq didi 

monasteri iyo. eklesia augia monastris winamZRvars 

gabriel labeWinels, Zlieri miwisZvrisagan dangreuli 

Zveli taZris adgilas. manve Seadgina vrceli anderZi, 

romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia. anderZi uZvirfases 

cnobebs Seicavs imdroindeli saeklesio-samonastro 

mowyobis Sesaxeb. 

mkvlevarma levan fruiZem, gamoaqveyna (2003 w.) monografiuli 

gamokvleva _ `sofeli labeWina da labeWinis 

monasteri~. wigni, rom ityvian, erTi amosunTqviT 

ikiTxeba. mecnieri siRrmiseul doneze gadmogvcems 

rogorc am ZvelTaZveli soflisa da iq moqmedi monastris, 

ise masTan dakavSirebuli mTliani mxaris friad 

saintereso istorias. 

qvemoT mogvyavs mciredi nawili wignidan, rac sakmaris 

warmodgenas Seuqmnis mkiTxvels labeWinis savaneze: 

`labeWina saqarTvelos soflebs Soris erT-erTi 

uZvelesia, mdebareobs mdinareebis askisa da lajanuris 

wyalgamyof labeWinis seris samxreT-dasavleT kalTaze. 

es seri, gveliTavTan erTad, raWisa da leCxumis 

bunebrivi sazRvaria. 

labeWina qristianuli kulturis erT-erTi uZvelesi 

kera iyo. prof. l. menabdis gamokvleviT, aq mdidari 

wignTsacavi unda yofiliyo, aranaklebi nikorwmindis 

da WeliSis monastrebisa. 

gabriel labeWinelis ukvdavi anderZiT cnobilia, 

rom labeWinis eklesia XIII saukuneSia agebuli, xolo 

mis kedlebSi Catanebuli CuqurTmiani da warwerebiani 

35

qvebi Zveli dangreuli eklesiisa, daTariRebulia XI- 

XII saukuneebiT. 

sagulisxmoa, rom `labeWineloba~ tradiciadaa 

qceuli da labeWinis monastris winamZRvari Tavis Semcvlel 

labeWinels TviTonve zrdida. 

eklesiis Semogareni samonastro nagebobebs hqonia 

dakavebuli, labeWineli xazgasmiT migviTiTebs: àmas 

qedsa zeda Tu saxlni arian, anu zRudeni arian, da Tu 

Wur-marani ars, raica WurWeli da raica beRelni arian, 

raica SeSis voda. Sevkazmi da sxuaT axlad aRvage, 

mravalni quab-saqvabeni da sxuani mravalni wurilmani 

WurWelni uklebi, romel TiTeulad ar daiwereboda, 

samWedloi WurWeli uklebi, vel-venaxi da yana uricxv, 

romeli miSenebia, mimicia da miyidia~. dakvirvebuli 

Tvali am nagebobaTa kvals usaTuod SeniSnavs. 

monasters didi meurneoba hqonia, ùricxvi~ adgil-mamuli, 

rogorc Zveli, ise gabriel labeWinelisagan 

axlad SeZenili. meurneoba da nagebobebi hqonia 

agreTve raWis soflebSi kvirikewmindasa da zemo agaraSi, 

xolo qvemo agaraSi (znakvis `naagarevi~ unda 

iyos) `sapirutyvo~ saxli daudgams. 

gabriel labeWinelis anderZi cxadyofs, rom labe- 

Winis monasteri da sof. labeWina ganviTarebuli sa- 

Sualo saukuneebSi mocemuli regionis (raWa-leCxumi) 

erT-erTi sasuliero da kulturul-sameurneo centi 

iyo, mowinave samonastro meurneoba-memindvreobis, gansakuTrebiT 

pureuli kulturebis (endemuri jiSebis 

maxasa da zanduris), mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis, xelosnobis, 

kaligrafia-mwignobrobis, mwerlobis, xelovnebis, 

mxatvrobis, xuroTmoZRvrebis, xatweris, Wedurobis, 

saerTod gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis mravali dargis ganviTarebis 

SesaZleblobas iZleoda da saqarTvelos am 

mTian mxareSi kulturuli, sisxlsavse cxovreba Cqef- 

36

da. 

labeWinis monasters umdidresi wignTsacavi hqonia, 

romelic XIII saukuneSi miwisZvris gamo Zlier dazianebula. 

taZris xelaxla amSenebeli gabriel labe- 

Wineli STamomavlobas amcnobs: `movasxen mweralni da 

davawerine erTi didi netafrasi, da erTi svinqsari, 

moTxrobiani e, erTi marxvani, erTi sawinaswarmetyvloi, 

erTi pirveli xmai paraklitoni, cxrai Tue, erTi stodieli, 

erTi nikolozis cxovrebai, da dimitris wamebai 

Sesxmad da kondak-samsgefsod. amis yovlisa fasi Cemi 

gamicemia.~ 

monasteri samefo iyo, iseve rogorc maxloblad 

mdebare WyviSis grandiozuli cixe, romelic labeWinis 

saunjesac sdarajobda da CrdiloeT kavkasiidan 

Sav zRvasTan damakavSirebel umokles magistralsac 

ketavda. 

rogorc akad. ivane javaxiSvilma cxadi gaxada, 

monasteri sulierebis srulyofilebis garda, mravalmxrivi 

mniSvnelobis praqtikuli dawesebuleba 

iyo. igi Tavis samoqmedo arealSi uzrunvelyofda 

soflis meurneobis da mrewveloba-xelosnobis swor 

organizacias, yofaSi nergavda qurumul codnas, e. i. 

maSindeli mecnierebis miRwevebs. mosaxleoba monastris 

meurneobis magaliTze aumjobesebda sasargeblo 

mcenareTa da cxovelTa jiSobriv asortiments, 

miwis damuSavebisa da movlis kulturas. monasterSi 

moRvawe bermonazvnebi, swavlulebi, RmerTis saxeliT 

xalxs aswavlidnen bunebrivi resursebis zomierad 

gamoyenebas, ekologiuri wonasworobis dacvas da a. 

S. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos swavla-aRzrdisa da 

saskolo saqmianobaSi monastrebis udidesi mniSvneloba. 

xalxSi bolo dromde iyo Semonaxuli xsovna 

labeWinis taZarTan sasuliero saswavleblis arse- 

37

obis Sesaxeb. jer kidev 1950-ian wlebSi labeWinel 

moxucTagan momismenia, rom yofila dro, roca mTeli 

WyviSis Temisa da askis xeobis axalgazrdoba swavlaganaTlebas 

labeWinis eklesiis skolaSi iRebdao. am 

gadmocemaSi ueWvelad aris WeSmaritebis marcvali. 

roca samefo xelisufleba dasustda da saqarTvelos 

daSla-daqucmaceba garduvali gaxda, labeWinis 

monasteri inasariZeebma saZvaled gaixades da sof. 

labeWinasac daeuflnen. adre labeWina samonastro 

sofeli unda yofiliyo, xolo am soflis mkvidri jin- 

WaraZeebi sasuliero glexebi. 

giorgi (Tvalia) inasariZis gardacvalebis Semdeg 

(XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedi) monasteri TandaTan 

dakninda. samegrelos mTavarTa axalma dinastiam mas 

sairmis udabnos ganaxlebuli monasteri daupirispira. 

sabolood dadianebma, 1766 wels, labeWinis sawinamZRvro 

eklesia Tavisi mrevliTa da adgil-mamuliT 

am ganaxlebul lavras Seswires. radganac labeWinis 

monasteri odesRac samefo iyo, dadianebs ki TavianT 

samflobeloSi mefis sakuTrebisa da saxelis amo- 

SanTva surdaT, miaRwies kidec amas. 

rogorc irkveva, inasariZeTa soflebi da mamulebi 

TandaTan dadianebma daikaves. sabolood WyviSis 

samefo cixesac daeuflnen da labeWinis monasteric 

gaauqmes.~ 

38 

* * *

monazonma sakuTar TavSi ar unda dauSvas, rom sindisi 

raimeSi amxeldes. 

amba agafoni 

39

40 

veltyevis monasteri 

raWis qedze, sof. sxvavidan daax. 10 km-is daSorebiT, 

veltyevis monastris eklesiis nangrevebia. savanis 

midamo vrceli velia tyeSi da veltyevic aqedan momdinareobs. 

ufro adre ki savane moixsenieboda rogorc 

`naTlismcemlis udabno~. aseve cnobili iyo rogorc 

`sxvavis monasteri~. 

veltyevis monasteri ZvelTaganve raWa-imereTis 

damakavSirebel erT-erT ZiriTad gzaze mdebareobda 

da amitomac mravalgvari iyo misi daniSnuleba Tu 

movaleoba. aqedan kargi gza-bilikebi midioda saCxereSi, 

futieTSi, rmavalZalSi, sxvavaSi, velevSi... amJamad 

sxvavidan Zalze gaZnelebulia iq misvla. 

naTlismcemlis udabnos eklesia didi xani araa 

rac daingra. giorgi boWoriZe, romelmac 1929 wels 

moinaxula Zveli savane, wers: ìgi erTnaviani Senobaa 

7× 4,6 m., dasavleTiT aqvs saqalebo. nagebia kldis qvisa 

da kirisagan. eklesias TaRi aqvs, saxuravi ki ara xuravs. 

TaRi wyliT ari gaJRenTili, rac male Camongrevas 

uqadis. 

eklesias dasavleTis mxares, karis maRla, udevs 

qva mxedruli warweriT. warwera dasrulebuli ar 

aris, sityva gawyvetilia; amasve gvafiqrebinebs is garemoeba, 

rom qva dawerilia mxolod zeviTa nawilSi, e. i. 

naxevrad. qveda nawili ki dauwerelia. 

:q: me: TviT: mpyrobelman: lixT: 

raWisaman: erisTavman rostom: aR 

vaSene: udabno: veltyevsa: eklesia naTlisa 

mcemlisa: gansaZliereblada: da welmravlobisa: 

rogorc am werilidan Cans, eklesia auSenebia 

rostom erisTavs. aq yofila monasteri. centrarqi-

vSi daculia 1754 wlis Sewiruli wigni, micemuli am 

monastrisadmi rostom erisTavis brZanebiT grigol 

beris gamrekelis mier. eklesiac amis wina xanaSi unda 

iyos aSenebuli.~ 

prof. Tamaz beraZe, exmaureba ra giorgi boWoriZis 

mosazrebas, ambobs: `veltyevis mindorze SemorCenili 

eklesiis TariRi g. boWoriZes daaxloebiT sworad 

aqvs mocemuli. bunebrivia, eklesia 1750 welze adre ver 

aigeboda, radgan rostomi raWis erisTavobas am wlis 

Semdeg iRebs. irkveva, rom monasteri veltyevSi am eklesiis 

aSenebamde arsebobda. me mivakvlie 1740 wlis or 

sabuTs, romelSic yifianTa da iaSvilTa sagvareulos 

warmomadgenlebi TiTo-TiTo ymas swiraven veltyevis 

monasters Corjodan da Zirageulidan. erTi dokumentiT 

ki grigol raWis erisTavis (1731-1743 ww.) zeobis 

wlebSi monasteri moqmedi sCans. amas mowmobs vaxuSti 

bagrationis rukaTa mcire atlasic, sadac igi 

`naTlismcemlis udabnos~ saxeliTaa datanili. Cans, 

1751 wlis Semdeg monastris eklesiis Zveli Senoba 

daurRveviaT da rostom erisTavis brZanebiT axali 

eklesia augiaT. Zveli eklesiidan erT fragments mivakvlie 

axali eklesiis SigniT. es aris tufis qvisagan 

gamoTlili erTi metris simaRlis sveti. veltyevis 

monastris Zveli eklesia X-XI saukuneebSi unda 

iyos agebuli. 

XVIII saukunis meore naxevridan samonastro kompleqss 

qvis eklesia da mis garSemo mdgari xis Senobebi 

hqmnida. 1825 wels aq idga monastris winamZRvris 

saxli da eqvsi xis senaki, sadac rva beri cxovrobda. 

monasters 41 komli yma-glexi ekuTvnoda raWis sxvadasxva 

sofelSi. masve ekuTvnoda venaxebi iwasa da 

ximSSi, agreTve saxnav-saTesi miwebi ximSSi, sxvavaSi, 

fsors da CorjoSi. 

41

1871 wels veltyevis monasteri gauqmda da saeklesio 

nivTebi WeliSis monasterSi gadaitanes.~ 

Tamaz beraZis mosazrebas veltyevis monastris 

eklesiis aSenebis TariRTan dakavSirebiT sruli 

safuZveli gaaCnia. 

naTlismcemlis udabnos Sesaxeb gacilebiT naklebi 

werilobiTi cnobebi mogvepoveba, vidre, vTqvaT, es 

gvaqvs WeliSis udabnoze, rac rigma garemoebebma ganapiroba. 

am mxriv metad sainteresoa n. m-Svilis werili, 

romelic gazeTma `droebam~ (1885 w. #26) gamoaqveyna, 

sadac mSvenivrad Cans veltyevis monastrisa da mis 

msaxurTa gansakuTrebuli misia da Rvawli raWis mosaxleobis 

mimarT. 

ìanvris 25-s me momixda misvla sof. sxvavas. amave 

soflis mTaSi yofila Zveli monasteri ioane naTlismcemlisa. 

am monasters erTs dros didi saxeli da pativiscema 

hqonia xalxisgan da mefeebisganac. es monasteri 

yofila cnobili mSvenieri mdebareobiT udabur 

adgilas, tyiT, mindvriT, saTevze wyliT (`fasknara~ da 

`masilis tba~), Zvirfasi nivTebiT da samkauliT. monasters 

hyolia ymebi, hqonia zvrebi da saxnavi adgilebi, 

romelTagan scxovrobdao monastris krebuli. es monasteri 

miT ufro SesaniSnavia, rom, rogorc momswreni 

amboben, igi yofila mxsneli da mfarveli gaWirvebulTa 

mgzavrTa, zamTarSi raWidgan qarTl-kaxeTSi da 

iqidan ukanve raWas momavalTa. vinc ar icis raWis 

ambavi da misi mdebareoba, imas ar SeuZlian daafasos 

im monastris winamZRvarTa da morCilTa Sroma 

da moRvaweoba. amis dafaseba SeuZlian mxolod imas, 

visac unaxavs raWa, misi mdebareoba da icis misi garemoeba. 

rogor? mkiTxavs mkiTxveli. ai, rogor: raWa aris 

sazogadod mTiani qveyana, xolo is mTa, romlis Zir- 

Siac mdebareobs es monasteri, sxvebzed umaRlesia. ro- 

42

gorc mTa adgils, rasakvirvelia, aq Tovlic didi icis 

da buqic. amisaTvis yoveli winamZRvari (Tavis sindisiT) 

movale iyo valdebulad gaexadna yoveli Tavisi 

morCili, rom am mTaze gaWirvebul mogzaurTaTvis Semweoba 

miecaT. am morCilT hqoniaT gamarTuli TavianTi 

kalaTebi da Sig Sesaferi sursaTi. rodesac Turme 

qar-buqi atydeboda, es morCilni aiRebdnen kalaTebs, 

daiWerdnen xelSi niCbebs, zogni sxva saWiro iaraRs 

da gaswevden TavianT daniSnul gzazed gaWirvebul mgzavrTa 

saZebnelad. rodesac naxavden TovlSi Caflul 

kacs da grZnoba-mixdils, jer adgilobriv moabrunebden 

saWmel-sasmliT, mere wamoiyvanden monasterSi, sadac 

gamarTuli iyo gansakuTrebuli palati. aq daawvenden 

Tbilad, mouvliden or-sam dRes saWiroebisa-da 

gvarad da mere wamoiyvanden TavianT saxlSi. am keTili 

saqmisaTvis es mamani arafer sasyidels ar iRebden: 

amas moqmedebden mxolod TaviianT sulis sameoxod da 

ara sxva raime ganzraxviT. 

ai, es wminda monasteri, CvenTa mama-papaTa salocavi 

da mfarveli gaWirvebulTa JamTa-viTarebisagan 

dRes gauqmebula.~ 

rogorc viciT, veltyevis gauqmebuli monasteri 

Tavisi qonebiT WeliSis monasters miakuTvnes. 

* * * 

CvenTvis cnobili veltyevis monastris winamZ- 

Rvrebi: 

1. iRumeni antoni (abaSiZe) _ 1770-1806 ww. 

2. arq. panteleimoni _ 1806-1841 ww. 

3. mRvdelmonazoni iostasi 1841-1848 ww. 

4. arq. nikolozi (niJaraZe) _ 1855-1861 ww. 

5. mRvdelmonazoni makari (jafariZe) _ 1861-1871 

ww. 

43

44 

* * * 

ganmartoebasa da siCumeSi da ara _ xalxsa da 

xmaurSi ibadeba keTili da zeciuri azrebi.

leknaris monasteri 

yovelmxriv srulyofili samonastro ansamblis 

utyuari niSnebi gvaqvs leknarSi. bermonazvnebi aq 

IX-X saukuneebSi unda damkvidrebuliyvnen. aswleul- 

Ta manZilze, TiTqmis XX saukunemde ismoda aq wminda 

giorgis taZris ambionidan samRvdeloTa wirva-locva 

da RaRadisi, magram, samwuxarod, bolos leknaric 

SeuerTda raWis nataZral-namonastralTa did rigs... 

dacarielda da damunjda iqauroba... 

naqeralas mTis daboloebaze, okribis gadasaxedis 

maRali kldis Tavze, dRes leknaris wminda giorgis 

eklesiis mxolod sanaxevrod dangreuli kedlebiRaa 

SemorCenili. aqedan xelisguliviT mosCans didebuli 

xvamlis mTa da okribis Tvalwarmtaci sanaxebi. 

taZris qvemoT (10-15 metrSi), kldeSi gamoWrilia 

wylis Sesakrebi auzi, romelic Tlili qviTaa amoyvanili. 

aq mudamaa ankara wyali erT doneze. 

eklesiamde misasvleli ramdenime gza-bilikia. 

aq SeiZleba movxvdeT sof. Zmuisidan, zeda Savradan, 

Saoridan. dResdReobiT ki yvelaze moxerxebuli gza 

sof. nikorwmindidanaa, saidanac 8-10 kilometri savalia. 

Zvelad taZari moixsenieboda rogorc `mTis wminda 

giorgi~ da iTvleboda Zlier, yovlisSemZle salocavad. 

aq modiodnen mlocvelebi dasavleT saqarTvelos 

yvela mxridan. qarTveli didebulebi uxvad swiravdnen 

yma-mamulebsa da saeklesio qonebas, ris Sesaxebac 

ara erTi da ori werilobiTi sabuTi arsebobs. metad 

mniSvnelovania am mxriv mefe bagrat V-is (1360-1393 ww.) 

mier gacemuli sigeli: `Tquen wmidao giorgi mTisa, raguaric 

daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Zisa misisa dimitrisagan 

Semowiruli yofiliyo, Cuen mefeT mefeman bagrat... 

45

xelvyaviT axlad aRSenebad da Semkobad taZarsa 

Sensa da gardavWedeT zeiT tyuiviTa da spilenZiTa 

da movWedneT xatni... Semovswiren mamulni da glexni 

saxads agara... Savori, viTa ZvelTagan Savoris mTavar 

mowame iqi svenebuliyo, didi sofeli yofiliyo Savori 

da aoxrebuliyo... axlad xelvyaviT aRSenebad... 

sofeli Sevqmeni da aw axlad SemogwireT... Txmori... 

Zmuisi cxraTaviTa... kacieTs msxdomni buluSaZeni da 

zaqaraZeni... wynors miTaTaSvilebi da WlikaZeni... agara... 

WaSlaTs WunWulaZe, qoTboZeiZe... boboTs eraZeni... 

fonas nozbeganiZe... surami.~ 

mTis wminda giorgisadmi Sewirulebis ukanaskneli 

sigeli gacemulia 1795 wels, solomon II-is meuRlis, 

dedofal mariamis mier. 

1950-ian wlebSi Zegli Seiswavla xelovnebaTmcodne 

malaqia dvalma da swored man ivarauda pirvelma 

odesRac aq monastris arseboba. gamokvlevis Sedegebi 

b-ma malaqiam gamoaqveyna 1968 wels, mecnierebaTa 

akademiis Jurnal `macneSi.~ mkvlevari wers: `galavnis 

SigniT SesasvlelTanavea gegmaSi sworkuTxa saTavsos 

qvis kedlebis nangrevi, roemlic sayaraulo koSkis 

naSTs unda warmoadgendes. galavnis SigniT mravlad 

SeimCneva sxvadasxva nagebobaTa kvali, rac imaze 

miuTiTebs, rom Cven saqme gvaqvs rTul samonastro ansamblTan. 

yvela es nageboba amJamad dangreulia da 

maTi kedlebi ZiriTadad dafarulia nangrevebiTa da 

miwiT, magram kargad Cans, rom isini nagebi yofilan 

Tlili qviT kiris xsnarze. 

... gamokvlevam dagvanaxa: 1) leknaris samonastro 

ansamblis eklesiis mTavari navi agebulia IX saukunis 

II naxevridan X saukunis I naxevramde. 

2) CrdiloeT minaSeni Zeglze mogvianebiT, X saukunis 

dasasruls an XI saukunis pirvel mesamedSi 

46

miuSenebiaT, xolo dasavleT minaSeni kidev ufro gviandelia.~ 

istorikosi, Tamaz beraZe aseve miiCnevs aq mTeli 

samonastro kompleqsis arsebobas IX-X saukuneebidan. 

mTis wminda giorgis eklesiis mflobelobaSi Sedioda 

mdidari saeklesio inventari uZvirfasesi jvarxatebiT, 

romelTa didi nawili gasul saukuneSi daikarga 

ukvalod. 

zepirgadmocemam Cvenamde moitana friad lamazi 

Tqmuleba: mTis wminda giorgis sasulieroTa krebuli 

imedismimcemi da darajis TvaliT gahyurebda 

Sors, rions gaRma, aseve mTaze mdgar Rviaris jvarcmis 

eklesiis msaxurTa dass... ase yofila Rviaridanac... 

ori qarTuli kulturisa da sulierebis kera mzeriT 

amxnevebda erTimeores... maT Soris mgrZnobiare, sulieri 

kavSiri gabmuliyo da netarebdnen amiT... Soridan 

grZnobdnen erTurTis guliscemas... 

* * * 

amba markozma erTxel amba arsenis uTxra: ratom 

gagvirbixar? berma miugo: `RmerTi xedavs, rom miyvarxarT, 

magram ar SemiZlia, viyo erTdroulad RmerTTanac 

da adamianebTanac. zecaSi aTasebsa da miliardebs 

erTi neba aqvT, adamianebis neba ki gansxvavebulia.~ 

47

48 

Sodis monasteri 

sof. Rebidan oTxiode kilometris moSorebiT, 

saukuno Tovl-yinuliani Sodis mTis Ziras, didebuli 

monasteri moqmedebda Zvelad. misgan dRes mxolod 

wm. giorgis darbazuli eklesiisa da zRude-galavnis 

nangrevebiRa SeimCneva kargad. dakvirvebuli Tvali ki 

taZris mimdebare ulamazes serze samonastro ansamblis 

sxva nagebobaTa kvalsac SeamCnevs. 

dro-Jamis srbolam da istoriulma qartexilebma 

arc Sodis monasteri daindo da odesRac iq arsebuli 

maRali SemoqmedebiTi suli nelinel gailia... Sewyda 

bermonazonTa gulmxurvale locva... savanis adgils 

tye moeria... daax. XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi mTlianad 

daicala monastris maxloblad mdebare sof. Sodac. 

iq mcxovrebi boxaSvilebis gvari Rebs Camosaxlda. Tu 

sad wavida sxva gvaris xalxi, amis Sesaxeb araferi 

viciT. 

werilobiTi sabuTebis simwiris miuxedavad, Zveli 

savanis Sesaxeb naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis SenobaTa 

narCenebi da gansakuTrebiT monasterSive damzadebuli 

Zvirfasi liTonebis Weduri jvar-xatebi. aqedan 

ramdenime brwyinvale nimuSi quTaisis istoriul-eTnografiul 

muzeumSia daculi da TariRdeba XI-XII 

saukuneebiT. saeklesio nivTebi da Sirimis Tlili 

qviT nagebi wm. giorgis eklesiis darCenili nawili 

saSualebas gvaZlevs _ savanis daarseba X saukunes 

davukavSiroT. 

yvela monacemiT, Tavidan aq mxolod monasteri 

unda yofiliyo da Semdeg ki sofelic gaCnda, rac dakavSirebuli 

unda iyos mZlavri samWedlo-saxelos-

noebis dawinaurebasTan. saWiro nedleulis (oqro, 

platina, vercxli, saRebavebi da sxv.) mopovebis, adgilze 

mitanisa da gadamuSavebis rTuli procesi aucileblad 

moiTxovda damxmare muSaxelis mozidvas da ase 

gaCnda sofeli Soda, romelic monastris kuTvnileba 

iqneboda uTuod. 

1503 wels Sedgenili aleqsandre mefis sigelis 

mTaraWis sofelTa CamonaTvalSi weria: `Sodas wmidis 

giorgis eklesia da sofeli, ocdaxuTi kuamli 

kaci da cixe.~ rogorc Cans, am droisaTvis monasteri 

ukve aRar arsebobs. darCenilia mxolod moqmedi eklesia 

da sofeli. xalxis mexsierebam ki mainc didxans 

Seinaxa savanis arseboba da Cvenamde moaRwia. XIXs-is 

bolos, Rebeli moxucebis monaTxrobze dayrdnobiT p. 

uvarova wers: `Sodis mTis Ziras Zvel droSi arsebobda 

Zlieri gamagreba da masTan monasteri, magram is 

didi xania rac dangreula. monastris kuTvnili xatebi 

Cven vnaxeT Rebis eklesiaSi.~ es is xatebia, romlebsac 

Sodis monastris ostatebi qmnidnen adgilobrivi 

nedleulis gamoyenebiT da gamoirCeodnen maRali mxatvruli 

RirsebiT. 

1910 wlamde Rebis macxovris eklesiaSi inaxeboda 

platinis masiuri, 35 sm simaRlis, unikaluri jvari, eq. 

TayaiSvilis TqmiT: ès iSviaTi nimuSi TeTri oqros 

jvrisa saqarTveloSi.~ mZarcvelma avazakebma, sxva 

Zvirfas nivTebTan erTad, xelovnebis es brwyinvale 

nimuSic gaitaces da dRemde gauCinarebulia. jvari 

1847 wels naxa mari brosem, magram, garda aRtacebisa, 

garkveviT veraferi Tqva uZvirfasesi nivTis Sesaxeb. 

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, platinis jvari Sodis monasterSi 

unda yofiliyo damzadebuli, rasac amyarebs 


49

XIX s-is erTi werilobiTi cnoba, sadac dafiqsirebulia 

imdroindel Rebel xandazmulTa mtkiceba, rom 

rionis saTaveebSi Zvelad platinasac moipovebdnen. es 

arcaa gasakviri, radgan im adgilebSi blomadaa oqro. 

Sodis monastris oqromWedlebi gvevlinebian adreuli 

xanis brilel ostatTa SemoqmedebiTi sulis, 

maTi saqmianobis gamgrZeleblad. daxvewili, natifi 

gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli saeklesio inventaris Seqmnis 

xelovneba gamoZaxilia uZvelesi drois briluri 

brinjaos mravalsaxovani nivTebisa. Sodelma ostatebma 

Rirseulad gaagrZeles brils dawyebuli liTonis 

mxatvruli damuSavebis umdidresi tradicia. 

mxolod saocrebas Tu mivawerT monastris arsebobas 

Sodas. SeuZlebelia, am maRal mTaSi (z.d. 2200 

metrze meti), samonastro ansamblis adgil-mdebareoba 

moinaxulos kacma da gaocebuli ar darCes bermonazonTa 

SemarTebiTa da xasiaTis simtkiciT. ra energia 

da Sromismoyvareoba unda hqonodaT uflis rCeulebs, 

rom umkacres klimatur pirobebSi Tavic erCinaT, xelovnebis 

mSvenieri nimuSebic SeeqmnaT da RvTismsaxurebac 

aResrulebinaT. 

uxvTovliani zamTari aq, sul mcire, eqvs Tves 

grZeldeba, rac didad aferxebs garesamyarosTan kav- 

Sirs. Sodeli berebi zamTris moaxloebas yovelmxriv 

mzad unda Sexvedrodnen. sursaT-sanovage, saoqromWedlo 

masala, saTbobi da bevri sxva ram, mxolod maT sazrunavSi 

Sedioda. Tanac, Sodis savargulebi arcTu ise 

saxarbieloa. monastris msaxurT da sofels adgilze 

moweuli Wirnaxuli naklebad daakmayofilebda. amitom, 

SesaZloa, monasteri sxva savargulebsac flobda Rebis 

teritoriaze da sxvaganac ki. bermonazonTa ZiriTadi 

50

marCenali mainc maTi nawarmis realizaciidan miRebuli 

Semosavali unda yofiliyo. Sodis monastris 

sawarmo-saxelosnoebidan gamosuli maRali xarisxis 

saeklesio da saojaxo inventari Sors gahqondaT, rasac 

soliduri Semosavali SeeZlo moetana. 

dro bevr rames cvlis cisqveSeTSi... saxe icvala 

Sodis savanemac... mravali Taoba gamoicvala, magram 

darCa xsovna im droisa, roca Sodis monasteri da 

misi Semoqmedi bermonazonTa krebuli maRali mTidan 

gadahyurebda da amayad usworebda Tvals ganviTarebuli 

Sua saukuneebis ayvavebul saqarTvelos. da ma- 

Sin, rodesac qarTuli kulturis winsvla Seferxda 

(XIIIs.), Sodel bermonazonTa sasaxelod unda iTqvas, 

rom qveynisaTvis am mZime Jams intensiurad moRvaweoben 

kidev didxans, ori saukune mainc. 

* * * 

adamiani mudmivad ise unda iyo, TiTqosda RvTis 

samsjavroze dgaxar. 

amba aRaToni 

51

52 

bubis monasteri 

momxiblavi Sovis siaxloves, zemoT, md. WanWaxs 

marjvena mxridan bubiswyali mierTvis, romlis ulamazesi 

xeobis vrcel alpur saZovrebamde, Sovidan samiode 

kilometrSi, Zvelad sofeli buba iyo gaSenebuli. 

dRes aq mxolod miwasTan gasworebuli nasaxlarebiRa 

SeiniSneba. JamTa svlas mxolod bubis monastris mSvenieri 

eklesiis mkvidrad nagebma kedlebma gauZlo 

nawilobriv da usaxuravod darCenils (saxuravi 1940ian 

wlebSi dazianda), aravin icis ra bedi eweva momavalSi. 

`bubis jvrad~ wodebuli eklesia X saukunis Zeglia. 

1970-ian wlebSi aq saZiebo samuSaoebi Caatara 

xelovnebaTmcodne malaqia dvalma da sakmaod saintereso 

masalac moipova. moZiebuli nivTebis nawili 

man onis mxareTmcodneobis muzeums gadasca. 

Zveli monasteri mdebareobs nasoflaris dasavle- 

TiT, SemaRlebul da damrec adgilas. aq, sakmaod did 

farTobze, kargad Cans samonastro ansamblis kvali. 

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis SenobaTa nangrevebi utyuari 

mowmea erT dros aq bermonazonTa moRvaweobisa. 

bubis savanis daarseba uciloblad X saukunes 

unda mivakuTvnoT. Cveni mosazrebiT, aq, albaT, jer mxolod 

monasteri moqmedebda Tavidan, mogvianebiT ki 

sofelic gaCnda mis siaxloves. Tu ra damokidebuleba 

arsebobda savanes da sofels Soris, ra valdebuleba 

hqonda sofels monastrisadmi, dRes amaze msjeloba 

Wirs. Tumca unda vifiqroT, rom raRaciT mainc valdebuli 

iqneboda sofeli. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom monastris siaxloves arc nakaduli 

da arc wyaros wyalia. darCenili TqmulebiT, 

savanidan sakmaod daSorebuli wyaros wyali miwaSi

Cawyobili xis Tu Tixis milebiT yofila miyvanili. 

1503 wels Sedgenil sigelSi vkiTxulobT: `bubas 

kargi eklesia, cixe da sofeli, _ eklesia kargis 

juarxatiTa, ocdaxuTi glexi.~ am dros monasteri ukve 

aRar moixsenieba. es dro saqarTvelosaTvis Znelbedobis 

xanaa da monastrebsac gauWirdaT, ramac bevri savanis 

gauqmeba gamoiwvia, maT Soris raWaSic. monastrebTan 

arsebuli taZrebi ki mainc agrZelebs moqmedebas 

mRvdelmsaxurebiT. `bubis jvaric~ maT Sorisaa da 

soflis daclamde, rac, Cveni varaudiT, XVIII saukuneSi 

unda momxdariyo, agrZelebs uflis samsaxurs. 

sof. bubis mosaxleobis nawili glolas Camosaxlda, 

nawili ki raWis sxva soflebSi, an ufro Sors, unda 

wasuliyo. 

sakmarisia erTxel gadaavlo Tvali bubisa da Sodis 

monasterTa garemomcvel midamos, gaecno warsuls, 

rom igrZno saocari msgavseba maT Soris. orTave savane 

xom mTaraWis subalpur zolSia TiTqmis erTnair simaRleze 

(z.d. 2200 metrze meti) umSvenieresi mdebareobiT; 

orTave erT dros _ X saukuneSia dafuZnebuli; 

monastris taZrebic Zlier hgavs erTimeores zomebiTa 

da formiT; ricxobrivad erTnairia monastrebTan arsebuli 

soflis komlTa raodenobac; erTnairi iqneboda 

samonastro meurneobac. oRondac, Tu dRes Cven 

kargad viciT Sodeli berebis ZiriTadi saqmianoba 

_ saeklesio inventaris maRalmxatvruli damuSaveba, 

oqromWedloba, amas ver vityviT bubaze, radgan ar gagvaCnia 

raime xelSesaxebi sabuTi an zepirgadmocema iq 

moRvawe berebis Sesaxeb. erTi kia, ueWvelad unda miviCnioT 

Sodel da bubel bermonazonTa axlo urTier- 

Toba da sulieri siaxlove. 

bubisa da Sodis monastrebi Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos 

mniSvnelovan sulier da kulturul kerebs 

53

warmoadgenda ukidures mTian zolSi. 

54 

* * * 

giyvardes codvilni, magram gZuldes maTi saqmeni. 

Tamar dedoflis saydari 

wmida isak asuri 

qveyanam eTers SvenebiT 

Tamari amjobinao; 

miuval adgils, kldis 

wverze 

mas dauniSna binao. 

... mivida, boyvas gaCerda, 

sadac amboben Tamarso; 

Zvel saydars daqaTqa- 

Tebda, 

sxivebs afenda mas garso... 

a k a k i 

Zvel saqarTveloSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli 

kldeSi nakveT nagebobaTa gamoyeneba bermonazonTa 

sacxovreblad da samoRvaweod. es gansakuTrebiT SeiniSneba 

samxreT saqarTveloSi, sadac blomadaa rogorc 

monastrebi, aseve kldeSi nakveTi kompleqsebi sameurneo, 

TavdacviTi, sayofacxovrebo qvabebiT da soflebic 

ki. 

raWaSic ukveTiaT kldeSi Cvens Soreul winaprebs 

saRvTismsaxuro, sayofacxovrebo Tu saxizari qvabebi. 

soflebis: boyvasa da qorTas zeviT, focxrevis mTis 

kirqvian masivSi, frialo kldeze, kargad moCans kldeSi

CaSenebuli saydari da xelovnuri qvabebi mis irgvliv. 

kldeSi kveTa Zveli qarTuli samSenebglo ostatobis 

Semadgeneli nawilia da Tamar dedoflis kldis qvabebic 

am ostatobis erT-erTi nimuSia. sakvirvelia mxolod 

SemarTeba da energia im adamianebisa, vinc aseT 

miudgomel, Sveul kldeSi kveTda, aSenebda, cxovrobda 

da moRvaweobda. 

xalxSi gavrcelebuli TqmulebiT _ aRniSnul 

gamoqvabulSi Tamar dedoflis kubo da Sesabamisi 

Zvirfaseuloba inaxeboda. da ai, XIX saukunis bolos 

gamoCnda ganZis maZiebeli, sof. boyvas mkvidri petre 

omaniZe, romelmac gadawyvita, rac ar unda mosvloda, 

dedoflis saydarSi unda SeeRwia. daiwyo kibis keTeba 

da 2-3 wlis Semdeg moaxerxa sanatrel qvabebSi SeRweva. 

am ambavs sainteresod gadmogvcems Jur. `mwyemsi~ 

(1893w. #17): 

ès kibe ukeTebia mas raRac Cvenebis ZaliT. ai, 

ras ambobs igi: `me CvenebiT vnaxe erTi Svidtkaveliani 

rkinis keti, romelsac Tavze jvari hqonda. am ketiT 

vimuSave kldeSi calis xeliT, roca bevr kacs orive 

xeliT uZneldeba misi aweva. me mecxadeboda RvTismSobeli, 

romelTanac mouSoreblad iyvnen ori TeTrad 

Semosili bavSvi, romlis saSualebiTac me vigebdi 

dros muSaobisas. rodesac viwyebdi muSaobas, erTi 

erT mxarze damajdeboda, meore ki meoreze da mere Sefrindebodnen 

saydarSi. maTi SemweobiTa da imediT ise 

vmuSaobdi rogorc swor miwaze.~ 

bevr sxva rames laparakobs es moxuci, romlis 

laparaki morwmune kacis laparaks ufro hgavs, vinem 

SeSlilisas. 

exmarebodnen coli da 12 wlis geri. isini ise 

uSiSrad adiodnen da Camodiodnen im kldeze kibis 

masalis asatanad, rogorc TviTon is omaniZe, rodesac 

55

evr kacs am kldeze asvla ki ara, misi Sexedvisac 

eSinia. ris ZaliT moxda yovelive es, amis gamocnoba 

mkiTxvelisTvis migvindvia.~ 

imdroindeli perioduli gamocemebi farTod 

gamoexmaura am saocar ambavs. unda iTqvas, rom avtor- 

Ta Sexedulebebi zogjer urTierTgamomricxavia. zogi 

xotbas asxams petres siTamames, zogic kidev TviTmarqvia 

RvTis mociqulad miiCnevs da a.S. 

Tamaris kldis qvabebis saidumloebiT dainteresebuli, 

simon sxirtlaZe igonebs: `boyveli maswavleblis 

vlasi gociriZis gadmocemiT, roemlsac kargad 

axsovs petrias Serkineba kldesTan, uZveles saydar- 

Si mas mxolod xis akvnis nawilebi, brinjaos jvrebi, 

Sandlebi da Tixis doqi daxvedria. misive TqmiT: 1903 

wels petria kldis erT-erT gvirabSi Sesula da iqidan 

feradi qvebi Camouyria. Camosvlisas uTqvams: gvirabSi 

Zlieri qari uberavs, ukuni Ramea da Rrmad ver 

Sevedio.~ 

Cveni didi moRvawe vano maCabeli, romelmac 1892 

wels moinaxula Tamaris klde, wers (Jur. `mwyemsi~ 1893 

w. #4): 

`ra xelma aaSena es saydari da rodis aris aSenebuli, 

aravin icis. es ki cxadia, rom marjvniv kldis 

wveridan am saydramde cal-bilika gza mainc unda yofiliyo 

da masukan am gzas niaRvari Camorecxda. axlac 

etyoba alag-alag naSTi am bilikebisa, magram mometebuli 

wili ki ise kvalwmindad aris Carecxili, rom 

veras gziT kaci im saydars ver miudgeba. 

miuvali Senoba, uxvedri alagi yovelTvis xalxis 

warmodgenaSi raime legendas Sehqmnis da raWis xalx- 

Siac am saydris miuvalobas Seuqmnia Tqmuleba, viTom 

saydarSi oqros kubo idges, Tavsa da bolos kelaptrebi 

enTos da kuboSi Tamar dedoflis gvami esvenos. 

56

aWaSi amboben, viTomc oras-samasis wlis winaT viRac 

mesxi CaeSvaT zemodan TokebiT, magram saydarSi rom 

Sesuliyo da didebuli sanaxavi enaxa, dabrmavebuliyo 

da mxolod gamosvlis Semdeg kvlav TvalT sinaTle 

moepova. ueWvelia, rom es sxvadasxva Tqmuleba aRugznebda 

ocnebas kibis gamkeTebel raWvelsac, sizmrad 

moaCvenebda uricxv simdidres da ganZeulobas, saydarSi 

Senaxuls, da miscemda Zalas imisTana saqmis 

SesrulebisaTvis, romelsac ubralo kaci Tavis dReSi 

ver Sehbedavda. 

... ucnauri sanaxavi unda yofiliyo es kaci kibis 

keTebis dros: gakruli frialo kldeze, mZime rkinis 

ketiT xelSi imsiTana simaRlezed, sadac kacis Tvali 

Zlivs aswvdeba. is mogagonebdaT babilonis godolis 

amSenebelT, romelnic qvemomde xmas verc ki awvdendnen 

da maRal zecas unayofod epotinebodnen. 

... marTlac rom SeuZlebeli ara yofila-ra da 

yvelafers Seiqms kaci, rwmeniT aRWurvili da Seudrekel 

surviliT gatacebuli.~ 

1957 wels Tamar dedoflis qvabebs alpinsitebi 

ewvivnen. eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli, cnobili mTamsvleli 

al. nemsiwveriZe, romelic zevidan daeSva TokiT, 

wers: 

`daSvebisas 100 metri Toki haerSi iyo, kldes ar 

edeboda... male kldis kedelma daSoreba iwyo... 

gamoCnda kiris xsnarisa da qviT amoSenebuli 

gamoqvabulis wina kedelic... 12-15 metriT var dacilebuli, 

haerSi gamokidebuli. kargad vxedav mTavar gamoqvabuls, 

mis marcxniv _ gumbaTisebur gamoqvabuls da 

misken mimaval kldeSi gamokveTil biliks, romelzedac 

unda gadavide Tokidan. 

Zirs myofi amxanagebis daxmarebiT miviRe moZraobis 

inercia, SevaCere Tokze brunva da gadasasvlelad 

57

swori mimarTuleba aviRe. Tokze swor mdgomareoba- 

Si yofnam saSualeba momca garkveviT damenaxa mTavari 

gamoqvabulis marjvniv, 30 metris moSorebiT, vertikalurad 

gaxsnili karstuli gvirabi xelovnurad 

amoSenebuli kedliT. 

Tokidan gamoqvabulSi gadasvlisTanave am gamoqvabulisaken 

gavemarTe. aqac mTavar gamoqvabulidan 

kldes gamokveTili biliki mihyveba. magram biliki 5 

metris Semdeg Camongrevis gamo waSlila da kldeze 

gadasvla gverdiTi dacvis gareSe SeuZlebelia. qvemodan 

amxanagebis amoyvana erTi TokiT ar xerxdeba. 

danarCeni gamoqvabulebis aRwera movaxdine da 

ukve SuadRe gadasuli iyo, rom gamoqvabulidan daveSvi.~ 

radganac xalxma focxrevis 200 metrze meti simaRlis 

frialo kldis TiTqmis SuaSi nakveTi qvabebi 

da iq CaSenebuli saydari (`dedoflis saxtara~ _ asec 

moixsenieboda), romelsac adre aivanic hqonia, Tamar 

dedoflis saxels daukavSira, unda miviCnioT, rom 

Senoba Tamaris drosaa aSenebuli, xolo rac Seexeba 

uSualod xelovnur qvabebs, sakiTxi ufro rTulia da 

Znelad gamosarkvevi. 

vaxuSti batoniSvili raWis momijnave md. yvirilis 

saTaveebSi nakveT qvabebs arabobis xanas ukavSirebs, 

ris safuZvelzec simon sxirtlaZe miiCnevs, rom Tamar 

dedoflis kldis qvabebic imave xanisa SeiZleba iyos, 

rac savsebiT dasaSvebia. Tavdapirvelad, SesaZloa, qvabebi 

gamoiyeneboda mxolod saxizrad, rac SemdgomSi 

gandegilTa sacxovreblad, sadayudebuloebad, an sulac 

mRvimur monastrad iqca. 

Tu rodis moiSala aq bermonazvnuri cxovreba, veravin 

ityvis. araviTari cnoba aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT 

ar arsebobs, arc werilobiTi da arc naratiuli. 

58

Tamaris kldis qvabTa saidumloebis amoxsna momavlis 

saqmea. 

* * * 

visac dro amaodmetyvelebis sifxizleSi gahyavs, 

igi ukeTesad moiqceoda, Tu daiZinebda. 

amba isaia 

59

60 

soris monasteri 

àm mindas zeiT moerTvis rions CrdiloeTidam 

sorisxevi, amazed ars monasteri ugunbaTo, didi, keTil- 

Seni, aw xucis amarad.~ 

ase mokled aRwers vaxuSti batoniSvili soris 

monasters, romelic mdebareobs soflis siaxloves, md. 

sontarulas marcxena mxares, mTis ZirSi, vake adgilas. 

rogorc Cans, im droisaTvis monasteri daqveiTebula; 

magram imave, XVIII saukuneSi, raWis erisTavis SoSita 

III-s zrunviTa da SemweobiT SesamCnevad aRorZinda 

samonastro cxovreba. 

soris monastris jvarcmis eklesiis agebas mkvlevarebi 

XIII saukunes miaweren, rac ar unda niSnavdes 

amave dros savanis safuZvlis Cayras. monasteri ufro 

adre unda iyos daarsebuli, Tu rodis, amaze mxolod 

arqeologiur kvlevas SeuZlia pasuxis gacema. 

giorgi boWoriZis aRweriloba (1920-iani wlebi) 

gveubneba: èklesia erTnaviani Senobaa, 14,5× 8,5 m., nagebi 

qvitkirisagan. Zvelad mas samxreTiT da CrdiloeTiT 

hqonia egvterebi, romlebic XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, 

eklesiis ganaxlebis dros, ukve dangreuli yofilan; 

maSin isini sul mouSliaT da samagierod eklesiis 

dasavleTi nawili gaudidebiaT. 

gadmocemiT eklesia aSenebuli da moxatulia sapyar 

erisTavis WarelisZis qvelis mier, xolo ganaxlebulia 

SoSita erisTavis mier XVIII saukuneSi. pirveli 

daxatulia Crdilo kedelze, meore samxreT kedelze. 

warwerebi mxatvrobas aqvs asomTavrulad, xucurad, 

mdivanmwignobrulad da mxedrulad. 

eklesia moxatuli unda iyos da egebis aSenebulic 

XIII saukuneSi. 

eklesia, rogorc p. uvarova gadmogvcems, siZvelee-

iT mdidari yofila. samwuxarod, Cemi misvlisas maTi 

umetesi nawili ganadgurebuli aRmoCnda. am siZvele- 

Ta naSTebidan me movagrove erTi yuTi. ar aRmoCnda 

agreTve etratze naweri didi tanis gulani, Semkuli 

mravali istoriuli minaweriT. 

eklesiis samxreTiT aris patara goraki `nacixuri.~ 

Zvelad aq samreklo yofila; igi axla dangreulia 

da misi marto saZirkveliRa moCans. adgilobriv 

pirTa cnobiT aq ganZi aris dafaruli. am adgilas 

dResaswaulis dros Temis, anu Temad dasxdoma scodniaT.~ 

jvarcmis eklesia rom unikaluri siZveleebiT yofila 

mdidari, amas mravali werilobiTi sabuTic adasturebs. 

erTi cnobiT, mari brose aRtacebaSi mouyvania 

(1840-iani wlebi) taZris jvar-xatebs. erT-erTi maTganis 

_ Zvirfasi qvebiT mooWvil xatze ki uTqvams: xatis 

marto am brwyinvale qvebis safasuriT didi eklesiis 

aSenebaa SesaZlebelio. amitomac iyo, rom taZari ramdenjerme 

gaiZarcva avazakebis mier. 

prof. Tamaz beraZe wers: `soris jvarcmis eklesias 

amkobda jvari, romelic gadmocemiT gadamSis monasters 

ekuTvnoda, romlis nangrevebi XIX saukuneSi 

jer kidev SemorCenili iyo, tyeSi, sontarulas piras. 

es jvari gadamSis eklesiidan moglejila wyaldidobis 

dros da dinebas soris monastramde miucurebia. 

aseve gadmocemiT, eklesiis samxreTi minaSeni raWis 

erisTavTa akldamas warmoadgenda. 

1825 wels monasters mxolod ori komli gaaCnda. 

berTa krebuli winamZRvrisa da mTavardiakvnisagan 

Sedgeboda.~ 

xelovnebaTmcodne izolda WiWinaZe, romelmac 

Seiswavla taZris moxatuloba, aRniSnavs: ìlustraciebi 

warmoaCenen soris moxatulobis mxatvrul Rire- 

61

ulebas, gvagrZnobineben misi natifi feradovani Sexamebis 

silamazes da mxatvar daviTis brwyinvale teqnikur 

ostatobas.~ es is cnobili qarTveli mxatvari 

daviTia, romelmac moxata ubisis taZari. 

XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris raWis saeklesio 

wignebSi moxsenebuli arian soris monastris mRvdelmonazvnebi: 

daviT Sios Ze mindeli da ioane qaixosros 

Ze. 

soris monasterSi bermonazvnuri cxovreba 1850ian 

wlebSi moiSala. 

dro-Jamis svlam da miwisZvrebma sagrZnoblad daaziana 

jvarcmis eklesia. magram am bolo wlebSi soflis 

mcxovrebTa ZalisxmeviT moxerxda taZris safuZvliani 

SekeTeba. gamagrda kedlebi, daixura liTonis 

saxuraviT. Zveli freskebi saimedodaa daculi. eklesias 

movla-patronoba ar aklia. taZris win aSenda axali, 

lamazi samreklo. 

62 

* * * 

orfeosi, poetTa mtkicebiT, vefxvebs simReriT aTvinirebda. 

magram qristianTa RmerTma, romelmac adamianebs 

WeSmariti religiisken mouwoda, Seudareblad 

meti gaakeTa: man moaTviniera yvelaze mouTvinierebeli 

cxoveli _ adamiani. 

wmida klimenti aleqsandrieli

Seubnis monasteri 

sof. Seubnidan oriode kilometris daSorebiT, 

maRal tyian serze, dgas eklesia _ `sinawminda,~ sadac, 

Tqmulebis mixedviT, Tamar dedoflis erTi nawnavi 

inaxeboda. taZari naSenia Sirimis, tufisa da adgilobrivi 

qviT. mkvlevarTa azriT es SesaniSnavi saydari 

X saukuneSi unda iyos agebuli. dRes eklesiis mxolod 

kedlebis nawilia darCenili. 1920-ian wlebSi 

daungreviaT uRmerTo adamianebs sanaxevrod, bolomde 

aRar `garjilan~, albaT im imediT, rom dro mainc male 

waSlida mis kvals. magram taZari imdenad mkvidradaa 

nagebi, rom 80 wlis Semdegac SesaZlebelia misi aRdgena. 

cdiloben kidevac Seubnelebi amis gakeTebas da 

RmerTma xeli moumarToT keTilSobilur saqmeSi. 

eklesiis aRmosavleTiT, 20-25 metrSi, sers unagiriseburi 

forma aqvs da SemaRlebuli borcviT bolovdeba. 

gorakis Tavze kargad SeiniSneba Senoba-nagebobaTa 

nangrevebi. galavnisa da sxvadasxva SenobaTa 

kvali Cans TviT taZris irgvlivac, sadac uamravi bzis 

xe xarobs. yovelive es gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq odes- 

Rac usaTuod monasteri unda yofiliyo. am mosazrebas 

TviT aqauri adgil-mdebareobac amyarebs. `sinawmindas~ 

myudro garemo xom bermonazonTa cxovrebisa da 

RvTismsaxurebisaTvis zedgamoWrili alagia. 

niSandoblivia TviT monastris taZris dasaxeleba 

_ `sinawminda~, rac ueWvelad wminda sinis mTidan momdinareobs. 

rogorc kargadaa cnobili, axlo aRmosavleTis 

(egvipte) sinis naxevarkunZuli samonastro 

cxovrebis erT-erTi Zveli keraa. pirveli monasteri 

aq IV saukuneSi daarsda. VI saukuneSi sinis mTaze qarTveli 

berebic gamoCenilan. IX saukuneSi ki qarTvel- 

Ta mravalricxovani saTvistomoc Seiqmna, rasac mohyva 

63

qarTuli mwignobrobis mZlavri keris Camoyalibeba. 

qarTvelma berebma farTo kulturul-saganmanaTleblo 

moRvaweoba gaaCaRes sinis mTaze. maT arasodes 

gauwyvetiaT kavSiri samSoblosTan, mis eklesia-monastrebTan. 

vfiqrobT, swored am kavSir-urTierTobis 

Sedegad daarsda Seubnis monasteric, rac X saukuneSi 

unda momxdariyo. 

Tu ramden xans iarseba savanem, amis Sesaxeb raimes 

Tqma SeuZlebelia. 

64 

* * * 

RmrTis gangebiT kacs gansacdeli imisTvis Seem- 

Txveva, rom kacma Tavisi Rirseba Seafasos da sakuTari 

Tavi Seicnos. 

wminda episk. gabriel qiqoZe

mravalZalis monasteri 

ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebSi da Semdgom xana- 

Siac sof. mravalZals monasteri yofila, rac kargad 

dasturdeba samonastro ansamblis naSTebiTa da werilobiTi 

sabuTiT. 

visac erTxel mainc mounaxulebia mravalZali, 

Tvali mimouvlia soflis umSvenieresi sanaxebisaTvis, 

dagvemowmeba, rom marTlac Sesaferi samonastro garemo 

SeurCeviaT bermonazvnebs TavianTi naTeli miznebis 

xorcSesasxmelad. aqedan xelisguliviT iSleba Cvens 

Tvalwin TiTqmis mTeli raWa, metadre mTiani nawili 

raWisa, rac dauviwyar siamovnebas gvaniWebs. aseve me 

mqonda bedniereba raWis ramdenime maRali mTidan, 

Soridan mexila mravalZali. gancdili netarebis srulad 

aRwera SeuZlebelia, yvelam Tavis TvaliT unda 

naxos da datkbes. 

Tavis droze, mravalZalis monastriT dainteresda 

am soflis Svili, SesaniSnavi swavluli pedagogi da 

sazogado moRvawe simon sxirtlaZe, romelic gviambobs: 

`gadmocemiT sof. mravalZalSi uZvelesi droidan 

yofila monasteri, sadac Savad Semosili berebi 

fsalmunis kiTxvasa da gabmul locva-vedrebaSi atarebdnen 

wuTisofels. 

magram maTi Tavdapirveli adgilsamyofeli dRevandeli 

soflidan daax. 3 km-iT yofila daSorebuli. 

Wolevis kldis daboloebasTan, `Wiqis tbis~ zeviT, 

axlacaa qvis SenobaTa xavsmodebuli nangrevebi, 

romelsac xalxi `naeklesievs~ uwodebs. 

rogorc Cans, jer kidev arabebis batonobis xanaSi, 

raRac mizezis gamo, berebi aqedan ayrilan da 

ufro farTo samonastro cxovreba gauCaRebiaT iq, sadac 

axla kvinwixis goris ube-kalTebze mravalZalis 


65

SesaniSnavi taZaria aRmarTuli. 

sainteresoa, rom swored aq, bunebis am metad mkacr 

samefoSi, gadmocemiT, odesRac Tavi Seufarebia jan- 

RoniT aRsavse vaJkacs, romelsac socialuri usamarTlobis 

niadagze raRac ubedureba SemTxvevia. saTnoebiT 

aRsavse berebs ltolvili mamaSvilurad miuRiaT 

da yovelgvarad xeli SeuwyviaT, raTa ojaxs mohkideboda. 

gadmocemiT, misi ganStoebidan warmomdgara dRevandeli 

soflis ZiriTad mkvidrTa gvari _ sxirtlaZe. 

mravalZalSi rom uxsovari droidan monasteri 

yofila, zepirgadmocemisa da angariSgasawevi toponimikuri 

monacemebis garda istoriuli sabuTebiTac 

dasturdeba. 

Cven mier axlaxan mikvleul erT-erT sigel-gujarSi, 

romelic imereTis mefis solomon II da misi 

meuRlis mariam dedoflis mieraa gacemuli da 1804 

wels didi ritoris solomon lioniZis saxeliTaa 

dawerili, garkveviT vkiTxulobT: 

`Cven keTilmsaxurebiT morwmuneni da damsdebelni 

sasoebisa Cvenisani, mravalZalsa da sakvirvelT moqmedsa 

xatsa Sensa zeda, mpyrobeli sruliad imereTisa 

daviTian bagratoani mefe imerTa solomon, da Tanamecxedre 

Cveni dadianis asuli dedofali mariam, giZRvniT 

gujarsa amas sasoebiT saxseneblad da gansaZliereblad 

Cvenda, da saoxad sulisa da cxovrebisa Cvenisa 

warmarTebad keTildReobiT; esreT romel wminda da 

saswaulTmoqmedi eklesia Seni iyo ZvelTagan monaster 

wminda sakrebulo, sada igi awca ixilvebian qvabni 

sadayudebuloni da cvlilebisagan dauwynarebelTa 

droTasa Seqmniliyo saeriskacod.~ 

amJamad Znelia gadaWriT iTqvas, Tu romeli saukunidan 

Caeyara safuZveli mravalZalis miwa-wyalze 

samonastro cxovrebas, an ra saxisa da masStabis iyo 

66

moqmedebis are. uciloblad mxolod is unda miviCnioT, 

rom mravalZalSi berebisave iniciativiTa da uSualo 

monawileobiT agebula e. w. monastris sakrebulo taZari, 

romelic Tavidanve wm. giorgis saxelobaze wodebula.~ 

verafers davamatebT, garda imisa, rom mravalZalis 

monastris safuZvlis Cayra SeiZleba momxdariyo 

mxolod arabobis bolo periodSi, arauadres X saukunisa. 

rac Seexeba samonastro cxovrebis moSlas, Seu- 

Zlebelia jerjerobiT raime iTqvas amis Sesaxeb. 

mravalZalis wm. giorgis eklesia odiTganve iTvleboda 

erT-erT Zlier salocavad raWaSi (da ara 

marto raWaSi). aq modiodnen momlocvelebi da Semomwirvelebi 

Soreuli mxareebidanac. 1895 wels gaz. ìveria~ 

(#145) werda: 

`raWis mazraSi arsebobs erTi Zvelis Zveli wmidis 

giorgis eklesia, romelic mdebareobs sof. mravalZalSi. 

es gaxlavT is eklesia, romlis winaSec qedi 

moixara qveynis mmusvrelma Sah abasma da romelsac 

oqroTi moWedili da Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkuli xmali 

miarTva.~ aRniSnuli xmali didxans inaxeboda taZarSi. 

1890-ian wlebSi XI saukunis SesaniSnavi bazilika 

gadaakeTes da mas gumbaTi moarges, riTac sagrZnoblad 

dariRva misi pirvandeli forma. 

1990 wlis Zlierma miwisZvram taZari daangria, magram, 

sabednierod, gadarCa Zveli eklesiis nawili, romelic 

dRes daxuruli da daculia. amJamad mimdinareobs 

mSenebloba taZris srulyofisaTvis. 

* * * 

67

Tavmdabali arasodes ecema. sadRa daecema igi, visac 

sakuTari Tavi yvelaze umdablesad miaCnia? 

68 

wmida makari didi

futieTis monasteri 

raWis qedis CrdiloeT kalTaze lamazad Camjdari 

sof. futieTis Semogareni zedgamoWrili adgilia myudro 

samonastro cxovrebisaTvis. uflis madliT, kidevac 

damkvidrebulan odesRac aq ama soflis SfoTian 

yofas gaSorebuli berebi da cxoveli moRvaweobac 

gauCaRebiaT. 

imisda miuxedavad, rom futieTis monastris Sesaxeb 

araviTari werilobiTi sabuTi ar gagvaCnia, kompleqsis 

daTvaliereba gvarwmunebs, rom Zvelad STambe- 

Wdavi savane arsebula. 

namonastrali soflis siaxlovesaa, md. Walas marcxena 

napiras, mTis ZirSi, tyian da SemaRlebul adgilas. 

monastris taZari, romlis saZirkvelic kargad 

gairCeva, yvela sxva nagebobaze maRlaa. eklesiis mTavari 

xati dRes ucnobia CvenTvis. mosaxleoba mas, da 

saerTod monasters, berebis eklesiad moixseniebs. sxva 

Senoba-nagebobanic, romlebic aq blomadaa sakmaod did 

farTobze, nangrevebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. maTgan 

yuradRebas iqcevs didi zomis (daax. 20× 10 mm) Senoba, 

gayofili sam darbazad. 

saydris axlos am bolo wlebSi SeuniSnavT da 

gauwmendiaT akldamiseburi qvitkiris nageboba (daax. 

3× 1,5 mm) zevidan daxuruli qvitkirisave TaRiT, rac 

uciloblad ganZTasacavi unda iyos. savaraudoa, rom 

aseTebi kidev iyos aq. 

monastridan 150-200 metris moSorebiT patara wyaroa, 

romelsac xalxi wminda wyaros eZaxis. gadmocemiT, 

am wyalSi avlebdnen Zvirfas saeklesio nivTebs. 

wyarodan asiode metrSi, nakadulis piras, qvitkiris 

Zveli kedelia SemorCenili, romelic, eWvs gareSea, 

samonastro meurneobis Semadgenel raRac nawils 

69

warmoadgenda (wisqvili an sxva ram). 

Zveli savanis zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki safuZvels 

gvaZlevs vTqvaT: futieTSi moRvawe berebs imTaviTve 

mtkice saZirkveli CauyriaT rogorc sulieri, 

ise miwieri lamazi saxlis asaSeneblad. monastris 

SemorCenili naSTebi cxadad mowmoben uwindel mSvenierebas, 

naTlad RaRadeben mis mosagreTa maRal sulierebasa 

da miznebze, didi moTminebiT, udrtvinvelad 

rom aRasrulebdnen qristes swavlebas. 

futieTis savanis daarseba ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebs 

unda miekuTvnos. xolo rac Seexeba monastruli 

cxovrebis moSlas, mis gamomwvev mizezebsa da dros, 

konkretulad raimes Tqma Wirs, Tumca arsebobs xalxSi 

darCenili miniSneba imis Taobaze, rom savanis gaukacrieleba 

gamoiwvia rusTa sastikma angariSsworebam 

1819-21 wlebSi e.w. ìmereTis ajanyebis~ sapasuxod. 

70 

* * * 

giyvardes RvTis saxli, magram sakuTar TavSic aaSene 

RvTis taZari 

wmida nilos sineli

Wolevis monasteri 

sof. futieTidan erTi biliki maRliT, Wolevis 

kldis daboloebisaken miemarTeba da mivyavarT mTian, 

Tvalwarmtac adgilas, romelsac xalxi `naeklesiars~ 

eZaxis. es adgili kargad mosCans sof. mravalZalidanac. 

`naeklesiari~ Zvelad monasteri yofila da sakmaod 

masStaburic, rasac mowmobs misi Senoba-nagebobaTa 

mimofantuli naSTebi. 

iyo Jami saqarTvelos Zlierebisa; raWac mZlavrobda 

da masTan Wolevis monasteric, sxva mraval savaneTa 

mxardamxar. aqaur bermonazonTa locva-vedrebasac 

ismenda ufali Cveni. didi xania, rac isini am 

soflidan gavidnen, magram maTi amsofliuri moRvaweobis 

adgili mdumared inaxavs maTive xsovnas... aq, Zveleburad, 

isev simyudrovea... 

rogorc metwilad, Wolevs moRvawe bermonazonTa 

Sesaxeb bevri araferi viciT. simon sxirtlaZe, eyrdnoba 

ra zepirgadmocemas, aRniSnavs, rom mravalZalis 

monasterSi, romlis brwyinvale taZaric XI saukuneSia 

agebuli, berebi swored Wolevidan gadasulan samoRvaweod. 

advili SesaZlebelia asec yofiliyo, oRondac, 

aramc da aramc, ar unda vifiqroT Wolevis gaukacrielebaze. 

Wolevis savane kvlav agrZelebs arsebobas 

saukuneTa manZilze. sxvanairad, samonastro ansamblis 

kvali iseTi saxiT, rogoric dResaa, ar gveqneboda, miwa 

dafaravda yvelafers. 

marTlac rom mZlavrobda im dros raWa! mTlianad 

da unarianad iyo aTvisebuli mTa da bari, yvela xeoba. 

71

mravlismetyvelia Tundac is, rom erT xeobaSi, TiTqmis 

gverdigverd, ramdenime kilometris daSorebiT, sami 

monasteri (Wolevi, mravalZali, futieTi) aRasrulebs 

Tavis wminda daniSnulebas, rac qveynisa da mxaris ekonomiur 

da kulturul dawinaurebazec metyvelebs TavisTavad, 

rom aRaraferi vTqvaT sulier simaRleze. 

72 

* * * 

rogori sasoebiT gaiwvdi xelebs Seni Semoqmedisaken, 

rodesac TviTon Sensave msgavss, romelsac Sensken 

aqvs xeli gamowvdili, zurgs aqcev? 

wmida ioane oqropiri

Rviaris monasteri 

ager ukve aT saukuneze metia, rac md. Rviarisxevis 

marjvena SemaRlebul tyian serze, Zveli cixis 

nangrevebis maRla, sof. Rviaris jvarcmis darbazuli 

eklesia auSenebiaT, sadac adre, rogorc irkveva, monasteric 

yofila. 

adgili mSvenieri SeurCeviaT. aqedan xelisguliviT 

moCans raWis qedisa da misi CrdiloeTi kalTis 

sanaxebi. mimdebare adgilebic saucxoo sanaxaobas warmoadgens. 

dasanania mxolod, rom aRar arsebobs sofeli 

Rviara, romlis mosaxleobac am ramdenime aTeuli 

wlis win aiyara da raWis sxva soflebSi Casaxlda 

(ZiriTadad sof. bostanaSi). 

saxuravis gareSe darCenili X saukunis SesaniSnavi 

Zegli _ Rviaris jvarcmis eklesia 1960-ian 

wlebSi Seiswavla xelovnebaTmcodne niko CubinaSvilma, 

romelic wers: èklesiis moedani pataraa. misgan 

CrdiloeTiT, aRmosavleTiT da samxreTiT daqanebaa 

md. Rviarisxevisaken. dasavleTiT reliefi maRldeba. 

aRmosavleTiT da samxreTiT taZris dabla amoyvanilia 

Zlieri sayrdeni (sabrjgeni) qvitkiris kedlebi. 

samxreTis fasadis win gakeTebulia moedani, dabliT ki 

terasebi kedlebiT, romlebic warmoadgendnen agreTve 

CrdiloeT zRudes raRac Zvel SenobebTan, dRes nangrevebad 

qceul da miwiT dafarulTan. SesaZlebelia 

es Senobebi gankuTvnili iyo sasuliero pirebisaTvis, 

an aq arsebobda monasteri.~ 

marTalia, raime werilobiTi damowmeba an Tqmuleba 

RviaraSi savanis arsebobisa ar gagvaCnia, amgram jvarcmis 

eklesiis adgil-mdebareobis martivi dakvirvebac 

ki sakmarisia vTqvaT, rom aq odesRac monasteri iyo da, 

rogorc mama rafaeli ambobs: `bermonazonTa locvis 

73

Zalas dResac iseve SevigrZnobT, rogorc keTilsurnelebas 

yvavilebisas, romelTa saxelebi arcki viciT.~ 

damajereblad SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom RviaraSi 

bermonazonTa damkvidreba moxda X saukuneSi, eklesiis 

aSenebisTanave, an ufro adre. 

rogorc raWis bevri savanis, aseve ucnobia RviaraSi 

monastruli cxovrebis Sewyvetis dro. 

XIX saukuneSi Rviaris jvarcmis eklesia jer 

kidev moqmedia da mRvdelmsaxurebas ewevian mRvdlebi 

SarabiZeebi. imave saukunis bolos RviaraSi aSenda 

(Zvelis adgilas) wm. Tevdores eklesia. akurTxa 

udidesma sasuliero moRvawem _ imereTis episkoposma 

gabrielma. taZari aaSena cnobilma Wrebaloelma ostatma 

niko WiRvariam, rasac eklesiaze SemorCenili 

warwerac gvamcnobs. Jurn. `mwemsi~ (1892 w. #188) ki 

gvauwyebs: `misgan aSenebuli eklesiebi yvelani saimedoni 

arian, rodesac berZnebisagan naSeni eklesiebi 

yvelani dazianebulia.~ Zveli jvarcmis taZris kuTvnili 

saeklesio nivTebic wm. Tevdores eklesiaSi unda 

gadaetanaT. dRes es mSvenieri saydaric saxuravis gareSea 

darCenili da Svelas iTxovs. 

74 

* * * 

sulis Tavmdabloba Seumusravi iaraRia 

amba evagre

sakaos samziaris udabno 

md. sakauras lamaz xeobaSi, Soda-kedelas qedis 

samxreT kalTaze sofeli sakaoa Sefenili. soflis 

siaxloves, mdinaris marcxena mxares, bunebiT gamor- 

Ceul adgilas, samonastro ansamblis naSTebia. aRniSnuli 

kompleqsidan, romelic `samziaris udabnodacaa~ 

cnobili, dros wm. giorgis eklesiam gauZlo sxva Senobebze 

metad, da isic, samwuxarod, ukve aRar arsebobs. 

misi aRwera isev mironcxebulma g. boWoriZem dagvitova. 

ai, ras wers mkvlevari: `sakaos samziaris udabnos 

wm. giorgis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa (6,5×× 3,6 

m), romelsac samxreTiT miSenebuli aqvs samwirvelo 

(6,5×× 2,55 m), xolo dasavleTiT saqalebo. eklesia naSenia 

Sirimis Tlili qvisa da kirisagan. igi darRveulia 

orive mxares. xuravs yavari.... eklesia Semkulia 

ramdenime qandakebiT da warweriT. 

amave soflis zemoT aris eklesia qaSueTis 

wm. giorgis saxelobisa. igi qvitkiris Senobaa axali 

droisa, aSenebuli Zveli eklesiis adgilas. misi 

saZirkvelis gaTxris dros aRmoCenila erTi adamianis 

akldama, romelSic yofila brinjaos nivTebi: culi, 

samkauli da sxv. zogi dakargula. Semonaxulia: culi, 

mSvildi da isari. 

1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi eklesia moinaxula 

Tamaz beraZem, romelic SeniSnavs: àdrefeodaluri xanis, 

bareliefebiT Semkuli, naxevrad dangreuli eklesia 

dgas sakaoSi. aqedan g. boWoriZem wamoiRo erTi 

xati, romelic X saukuniT TariRdeba. am saukuneSi 

unda iyos aSenebuli sakaos saydaric.~ 

rac Seexeba monastris sxva SenobaTa kvals, romlebic 

TiTqmis naxevar heqtar farTobs moicavs, jer 

kidev kargad SeiniSneba berTa senakebis saZirkvlebi, 

75

didi zRudisa da sxva nagebobaTa naSTebi. blomadaa 

wina saukuneTa saflavis qvebi. namonastrali mTlianad 

tyiTaa dafaruli, sadac blomadaa xexilic. 

eWvs araferi iwvevs, rom vTqvaT: samziaris udabnoc 

iseve Zvelia, rogorc raWis sxva monastrebi. 

misi daarseba X saukunes unda mivakuTvnoT. Tu rodis 

dasrulda aq bermonazonTa moRvaweoba, amis Tqma Znelia, 

magram berTa ramdenime senakisa da sxva SenobaTa 

narCenebis dRevandeli mdgomareobiT Tu vimsjelebT, 

im daskvnamde mivdivarT, rom es arcTu ise Soreul 

warsulSi unda momxdariyo, SesaZloa, XVIII saukune- 

Siac ki. 

76 

* * * 

sixaruliT gacema mets niSnavs, vidre _ bevris 

gacema. 

netari avgustine

miqarwmindis monasteri 

xelovnebaTmcodne malaqia dvalma gamoTqva mosazreba, 

rom sof. miqarwmindis mTavarangelozTa eklesiasTan 

Zvelad monasteric unda yofiliyo, gamomdinare 

iq SemorCenili samSeneblo naSTebidan. dRes is 

naSTebic naklebad Cans, vinaidan iq soflis sasaflaoa 

da, TavisTavad, waSlila bevri ram. TviT eklesiis 

saZirkvelic ki Znelad gairCeva. gadmocemiT, adre taZris 

gverdiT mdgara didi urTxeli da ZvelisZveli 

muxebi. axla aq mxolod cacxvis, bzisa da sxva mcenareTa 

xeebia. 

am bolo wlebSi, rogorc adgilobrivma mkvidrma 

elguja soxaZem miambo, saflavis gaWrisas upoviaT 

mozrdili qvevri, rac metad amyarebs b-on malaqias 

mosazrebas. 

mTavarangelozTa Zveli eklesia X saukuniTaa da- 

TariRebuli. XVIII saukuneSi ki taZari ganuaxlebiaT. 

igi erT-erTi didi darbazuli eklesia iyo raWaSi. 

saydarsa da monasters didi galavani hqonia. misi nar- 

Cenebi kidev SeimCneva. es yvelaferi dRevandeli soflis 

SuagulSia, SemaRlebul adgilas. 

miqarwmindaSi samonastro cxovrebis dasawyisi X 

saukunes unda mivaweroT. 

* * * 

umjobesia, sakuTar Tavze cudi moismino, vidre _ 

sxvaze Tqva cudi. 

wmida grigol RvTismetyveli 

77

RadiSis monasteri 

soflebs: RadiSsa da bareuls Sua maRali goraa 

aRmarTuli, saidanac gansakuTrebulad SeigrZnoba 

raWis xedebis ganumeorebeli silamaze. goris Tavs 

dgas RadiSis wm. giorgis STambeWdavi eklesia, romlisac 

mxolod sanaxevrod dangreuli kedlebia SemorCenili 

(CrdiloeTis kedlis qvis wyobaSi erTi uzarmazari 

qvaa, romlis sigrZec 2,7 m-ia, simaRle ki 1 metrze 

meti). taZris arqiteqturuli formebis mixedviT, Zegli 

X-XI saukuneebisa unda iyos, rasac xelovnebaTmcodne 

malaqia dvalic adasturebs. 

taZris mimdebare, sakmaod mozrdili vake adgili 

galavanSi yofila moqceuli, romlis SigniTac sxva 

Senoba-nagebobaTa kvalic SeiniSneba. Cans da igrZnoba, 

rom saukuneebs miRma wm. giorgis eklesia da misi 

Semogareni qarTveli bermonazvnebis sacxovrissa da 

samoRvaweo adgils warmoadgenda. cnobaTa ararsebobis 

miuxedavad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RadiSs monasteri 

iyo. am mosazrebas damajereblobas matebs TviT adgilmdebareobac. 

RadiSSi samonastro cxovrebis dasabamad ki X 

saukune unda miviCnioT. 

am bolo wlebSi taZramde samanqano gza miiyvana 

soflis mosaxleobam, Zeglis aRdgenis mizniT. eklesia, 

rogorc raWis uamravi Zegli, XX saukuneSi dazianda. 

80 wlis win g. boWoriZem aseTi aRwera dagvitova: `RadiSis 

wm. giorgis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa, nagebi 

Sirimis Tlili qvisa da kirisagan. xuravs yavari, 

79

omelic adgil-adgil dampalia. iatakad dagebulia 

Tlili qva.~ 

RadiSis monastrisa da wm. giorgis taZris didi 

warsuli gvavaldebulebs am SesaniSnavi Zeglis aRdgenasa 

da Zvel samsaxurSi Cayenebas. RmerTi Seweodes 

RadiSelebs am keTilSobilur saqmeSi! 

80 

* * * 

vecadoT, rom qoneba, romelic Rirsia daiRupos, im 

jildod SevcvaloT, romelic arasdros iRupeba. 

wmida grigol diloRosi

cxomis dedaTa monasteri 

sof. Walidan, daax. 5 km-is daSorebiT, md. xevas 

(Walula) marcxnidan patara mdinare varna uerTdeba, 

romlis xeobis zemo welSic, cxomis mTis samxreT 

kalTaze, tyian da mSvenier adgilas jer kidev kargad 

SeimCneva Zveli savanis kvali. monastris mTavarangelozTa 

eklesia SemaRlebul gorakzea, romlisganac 

dRes mxolod saZirkveliRaa darCenili. irgvliv ki 

mraval nagebobaTa narCenebi, didi cacxvebi da uamravi 

bzis xea. asiode metris moSorebiT ki mSvenieri wyaroa. 

saukuneTa manZilze moqmedebda aq dedaTa monasteri. 

martivi vizualuri daTvalierebac ki gvaZlevs 

safuZvels vTqvaT: dedaTa monazvnur cxovrebas aq 

didi xnis win, ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebSi Caeyara 

safuZveli. 

levan fruiZes 1960-ian wlebSi Waleli xandazmulebisagan 

Cauweria, rom moRweuli TqmulebiT _ 

cxomis dedaTa monasterSi uamrav monazons ucxovria. 

es gadmocema imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom SegviZlia 

vivaraudoT _ cxomis savane arcTu ise Soreul warsulSi 

unda iyos gaukacrielebuli, raki ase kargad 

moaRwia Tqmulebam Cvenamde, rasac ver vityviT raWis 

bevr savaneze, romelTa Sesaxebac mxolod SenobaTa 

darCenili naSTebiT gviwevs msjeloba. 

samonastro kompleqss irgvliv mravalferovani 

tye da vrceli savargulebi akravs, romelic monastris 

kuTvnileba unda yofiliyo. aq Zalze kargi pirobebia 

samonastro meurneobis mosawyobad. amasTan, 

pirveladi bunebis simSveniere da myudro garemo xom 

Tavisebur lazaTs Sematebda sulkurTxeuli dedebis 

madliT savse monazvnur cxovrebas. 


81

Rirsi mamebi amboben: `WeSmariti monazoni suliwmidis 

qmnilebaao.~ da ramdeni aseTi qmnileba _ miwieri 

angelozi axsovs cxomis miwiersave samoTxes _ 

dedaTa savanes, SromiT, RvawliT, spetaki qalwulebiT, 

locva-vedrebiT rom emsaxura kacTmoyvare ufals, Cvens 

sarwmunoebasa da qveyanas. maTi nakvalevi jer kidev ar 

waSlila da amitomacaa, rom cxomis idumalebiT mosil, 

aw ukve namonastralTan miaxloebisas kvlav Zalumad 

SevigrZnobT dedaTa Rvawlis naTels, maTi cxovrebis 

sulier Tu xorciel mxares. 

cxomis dedaTa savane erTi naTeli furcelia raWis 

mdidari kulturuli da sulieri memkvidreobisa. 

82 

* * * 

minaxavs sakuTari sityebisagan mravali codviT 

dacemuli, magram TiTqmis aravin _ mdumarebiT. 

wmida ambrosi mediolaneli

is saydari~ 

sof. glolis `zedqalaqis~ Sua saukuneTa uamrav 

nagebobaTagan sruli saxiT mxolod mcire zomis 

(3,6× 2,2 m) `beris saydrad~ wodebulma eklesiam moaRwia. 

eq. TayaiSvili wers: èklesiis aSenebas miaweren 

daviT aRmaSenebels da mas `saberos~ uwodeben, vinaidan 

aq mwirs ucxovria.~ 

g. boWoriZem eklesiis aSeneba da moxatva XIII 

saukuniT daaTariRa da sworadac, vinaidan kedlis 

umSvenieres moxatulobaSi Tamar dedoflis unikaluri 

freskac brwyinavda, romelic, samwuxarod, 1910-ian 

wlebSi dazianda da waiSala uyuradRebobis gamo. 

mcire samlocvelo Zvelad vinme gandegils auSenebiao, 

werda p. uvarova 1880-ian wlebSi, glovel xandazmulTa 

naambobze dayrdnobiT. 

amJamad xalxi am mcire eklesias `sultaneT wm. 

giorgiT~ moixseniebs. saydari bolo wlebSi SekeTda 

da daixura TunuqiT. 

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba 

iTqvas: glolis `beris saydari~ aSenda berebis samlocvelod. 

imdroisaTvis aq bermonazvnobas mtkiced 

hqonda fesvebi gamjdari, miT ufro, rom bubis 

Zveli monasteri sul axlos, 6-7 kilometrSi mdebareobda. 

* * * 

dacemuli fexze unda daayeno da ara _ dascino. 

wmida efrem asuri 

83

84 

motyiaris `beris wyaro~ 

sof. motyiaris SuagulSi (wminda giorgis eklesiidan 

daax. 300 metrSi) aris kurTxeuli adgili, wodebuli _ 

`beris wyarod.~ amJamad aq wyaro aRar Cans, magram, gadmocemiT, 

adre makurnebeli wyaro gamoedineboda; iqve berebs 

ucxovriaT da adgilsac `beris wyaro~ darqmevia. adgili 

odnav SemaRlebulia da dRes aq mxolod erTmaneTis siaxloves 

ori didi da ZvelTaZveli muxa da ori mozrdili 

qvevria miwaSi, romlebic Zalian Zveli unda iyos. SenobaTa 

raime kvali vizualurad ar SeiniSneba, magram, SesaZloa, 

nagebobaTa naSTebi miwiT iyos dafaruli. 

`beris wyaros~ siaxloves mcxovrebma xandazmulma qalbatonma 

nino miqiaSvilma miTxra: Cemi meuRle dabejiTebiT 

ambobda, rom aq adre berebi cxovrobdneno. 

maniSnebeli adgili Tavisi siZveleebiTa da xalxSi 

darCenili Tqmuleba ueWvels xdis, rom `beris wyaro~ winaT 

bermonazonTa sacxovrisi da samoRvaweo yofila; Tu rodis, 

amis garkveva arqeologiuri Seswavlis gareSe SeuZlebelia. 

Tu yurs gaufrTxildebi, eniT ar Sescodav. 

amba isaia

o l o T q m a 

friad didi, Rrma sarwmunoebiT gaJRenTili qristianuli 

warsuli gaaCnia raWas. amis dasturi, sxva rom ara vTqvaT, 400-ze 

meti taZaria (zogi srulad, umetesi nangrevebis saxiT) istoriis 

sxvadasxva periodebSi aSenebuli. sworedasc rom mxolod 

aseTi Rrma sarwmunoebis wiaRSi iyo SesaZlebeli iseTi da 

imdeni savanis daarseba, rogorsac da ramdensac Cven vicnobT 

Tundac. mokidebuli dasabamidan, rig ZnelbedobaTa miuxedavad, 

bzari ar gasCenia WeSmarit sarwmunoebas raWaSi, vidre totaluri 

Seteva da ngreva ar ganaxorcieles masonur-komunistrma 

Zalebma, Tumca maSinac ki ver Cakles bolomde xalxSi daleqili 

siyvaruli qristes swavlebisadmi, rac mudmiv gamovlinebas 

poulobda qristianuli tradiciebis erTgulebaSi. 

RvTis madliT, TiTqmis ori saukunis Semdeg kvlav aRdga 

raWaSi eparqia. ramdenime taZarSi aResruleba yoveldRiuri 

mRvdelmsaxureba, ramdenimeSiac ki garkveul dReebSi; momavalSi 

sxvebic miemateba… maRalyovladusamRvdeloesma, nikorwmidelma 

mTavarepiskoposma elisem (joxaZe) irgvliv Semoikriba 

sasulieroTa Rirseuli krebuli, romelmac mSvenivrad 

uwyis vis Cayril tradiciebsac agrZeleben. raWa xom mudam 

mdidari iyo madliT gabrwyinebuli, RvTivsaTno sasuliero 

pirebiT. àqamdisac rom ar mqonoda gulSi samRvdeloTa siyvaruli, 

aq Camesaxeboda, iseTi mRvdlebi yofilano.~ _ uTqvams 

1912 wels raWa-leCxumSi mgozaurobisas did akakis. diebuli 

Sefasebaa, magram es ar yofila moulodneli, im periodSi xom 

mRvdlebi: longinoz kikviZe, mixeil gavaSeliSvili, vladimer 

fofxaZe, aleqsandre mesxi, simon WeliZe, markoz sxirtlaZe, Tevdore 

saganeliZe da sxvebi moRvaweobdnen. * * * 

garda sasuliero Rvawlisa, isini sazogado, pedagogiur 

da publicistur saqmianobasac eweodnen didad warmatebulad. 

maTma kalamma bevri mniSvnelovani movlena gadaarCina daviwyebas. 

did Sefasebas aZlevda raWis samRvdeloebas qristes eklesiis 

udidesi moRvawe, im drois marTlacda oqropiri _ wminda 

gabriel episkoposi. mRvdelmTavarma ramdenjerme moiara 

mTliani raWa. 

85

aWis taZrebiTa da samRvdeloebiT moxiblula bevri 

ucxoeli mecnieri Tu mogzauri, romelTa CamoTvla Sors 

wagviyvanda. 

dasanania mxolod, rom erT dros umSvenieresi bevri 

taZari bedukuRmarTobama da zogjerac adamianTa gulgrilobam 

savalalo dReSi Caayena, zogi miwasTan gaaswora, 

zogic dazianebuli saxiT SemogvrCa da Svelas gvTxovs. 

Zalze kargia axali eklesiebis ageba, magram Zveli taZrebis 

movla-patronoba da SenarCuneba rom ufro didi madlisa 

da mniSvnelobisaa, sayovelTaodaa cnobili (miT ufro, 

Tu Zegls xuroTmoZRvruli Rirebuleba gaaCnia). sxvas rom 

Tavi davaneboT, meWvreTisa da joisubnis taZrebis bedis 

anabarad mitoveba istoriis ugulebelyofa da, metic, dana- 

Saulis tolfasia. 

garda sasuliero Rvawlisa, isini sazogado, pedagogiur 

da publicistur saqmianobasac eweodnen didad warmatebulad. 

maTma kalamma bevri mniSvnelovani movlena gadaarCina 

daviwyebas. 

did Sefasebas aZlevda raWis samRvdeloebas qristes 

eklesiis udidesi moRvawe, im drois marTlacda oqropiri 

_ wminda gabriel episkoposi. mRvdelmTavarma ramdenjerme 

moiara mTliani raWa. 

raWis taZrebiTa da samRvdeloebiT moxiblula bevri 

ucxoeli mecnieri Tu mogzauri, romelTa CamoTvla Sors 

wagviyvanda. 

dasanania mxolod, rom erT dros umSvenieresi bevri 

taZari bedukuRmarTobama da zogjerac adamianTa gulgrilobam 

savalalo dReSi Caayena, zogi miwasTan gaaswora, 

zogic dazianebuli saxiT SemogvrCa da Svelas gvTxovs. 

Zalze kargia axali eklesiebis ageba, magram Zveli taZrebis 

movla-patronoba da SenarCuneba rom ufro didi madlisa 

da mniSvnelobisaa, sayovelTaodaa cnobili (miT ufro, 

Tu Zegls xuroTmoZRvruli Rirebuleba gaaCnia). sxvas rom 

Tavi davaneboT, meWvreTisa da joisubnis taZrebis bedis 

anabarad mitoveba istoriis ugulebelyofa da, metic, dana- 

Saulis tolfasia. 

86

metad mniSvnelovania, rom eparqiis, SemomwirvelTa da 

saTanado organoebis ZalisxmeviT moxerxda 1990 wlis miwisZvriT 

dazianebuli ramdenime taZris SekeTeba. amasTanave, 

saimedodaa daculi atmosferuli zemoqmedebisagan da aRdgenis 

procesSia krixisa da mravalZalis brwyinvale saydrebi. 

Tumca sasurvelia metis gakeTeba. 

am bolo wlebSi aigo axali taZrebi: onSi, uweraSi, sorSi, 

WrebaloSi, sakaoSi, faraxeTSi, qveda SavraSi, sorgiTSi, zvareTSi, 

xeiTSi, SqmerSi, qvedSi, patara onSi, motyiarSi...… 

saimedod SekeTda Zveli eklesiebi: sorSi, labeWinaSi, 

wmendaurSi, WioraSi, gorisubanSi, qvemo krixSi… mSenebloba 

mimdinareobs: RebSi, jvarisaSi, futieTSi, glolaSi...… 

unda viwamoT, rom amden aRmSeneblobas monastris safuZvlis 

Cayrac mohyveba da bermonazonTa gulmxurvale locvavedrebis 

udidesi Zala da madli ar moakldeba raWas! 

zogi ram bermonazonTa cxovrebidan 

Rirsma mamebma, romelTac umaRles sulier mdgomareobas 

miaRwies, udidesi memkvidreobac dagvitoves. maTi monazvnuri 

cxovrebis, moRvaweobisa da Semoqmedebis gacnoba ara marto 

didad Semecnebadia, aramed RvTis didi siyvaruliTac aRgvavsebs. 

* * * 

aTonis mTaze, qarTvelTa savanis siaxloves, Znelad misaval 

adgilas, axlac aris gamoqvabuli, sadac cxovrobda da 

moRvaweobda (Xs.) winda. gabriel qarTveli, romelic zamTrobiT 

monasterSi Camodioda. mdumarebis RvawlSi myof wminda 

bers maradis ZaZa emosa da mxolod mxaleuliT ikvebeboda, 

vinaidan igi iyo WeSmaritad `zecisa kaci da qveynisa angelozi~. 

swored wminda gabriels mouwoda RvTismSobelma egeosis 

zRvidan saswaulmoqmedi RvTismSoblis xatis gamotana. 

87

simdabliT, siwrfoebiTa da umankoebiT gamorCeul 

moRvawes, Rirs ioane Tornikyofils erTi sisuste hqonda. 

vinaidan mraval omSi gamarjvebuli mxedarTmTavari 

iyo, gardasul sasaxelo ambavTa mogoneba uyvarda. wminda 

ioane mTawmindels SeeSinda, rom mas raime sulieri 

gansacdeli ar SemTxveoda da urCia: `vxedav, mamao, RvTis 

madliT warematebi sulierad, amitomac ar minda ziani 

mogadges. amieridan soflis saqmeebze mxolod gabriel 

xucess uTxari da sxvas araviso.~ xolo gabriel xucesis 

piridan amsofliuri sityva ar amodioda, garda sulierisa. 

ioane Tornikyofili cremlis 

* * * 

RvriT Cauvarda fexebSi moZRvars da SehRaRada: `rad 

daidume aqamomde da ara mamxile, wmidao da RmerTSemosilo 

mamao?~ mama ioanem wamoayena moxucebuli da 

uTxra: ùfalman Segindven, garna aw xolo ekrZalen.~ 

amis Semdeg aravis gaugonia misi mxedruli mogonebani. 

man mdumarebiTa da RmerTis sasoebiT galia cxovrebis 

darCenili dReebi da mSvidobianad miabara suli ufals. 

gabriel qarTvelze ki ambobdnen, rom iyo dro, roca 

`bevrs~ saubrobda. es maSin xdeboda, rodesac mezoblad 

mcxovrebi Rirsi mama leon romaeli estumreboda xolme. 

wm. gabrielma misi ena ar icoda, mama leonma ki qarTuli, 

magram miuxedavad amisa, Sebindebisas gamovidodnen TavianTi 

senakebidan da ciskris zarebis rekvamde saRmrTo 

sagnebze saubrobdnen, erTmaneTis naTqvami yvelaferi esmodaT 

im siwmindis gamo, myudroebaSi rom moepovebinaT. 

88

* * * 

wminda ilarion qarTvelis (axlis) saxeli mTel 

aTonze iyo ganTqmuli. axlac ki didi sasoebiT ixseneben 

am Rirs mamas. gardacvalebidan sami wlis Tavze 

gaxsnes misi saflavi. Txrisas saocari keTilsurneleba 

igrZnes. wminda nawilebis gadatanisas erTma meudabnoem 

dRisiT-mzisiT, xuT saaTze, mzesaviT manaTobeli burTi 

dainaxa mama sabas senakis Tavze (iq, sadac wm. ilarionis 

wminda nawilebi iyo dasvenebuli). burTi sxivebs 

afrqvevda da senakidan moSorebiT haerSi trialebda. 

erTi saaTis Semdeg burTi gaqra. maSin ufiqria Rirs mamas, 

etyoba, ilarion qarTvelis saflavi gaxsneso. 

`karibWe~ 

* * * 

mitropoliti ioane mouTxrobda wminda gabriels: 

_ maSin berdiakoni viyav garejas. davsneuldi muclis 

simsivniT da ise mtkioda, sunTqvas miSlidao. am dros 

Sevida Turme masTan wminda ioseb kaTalikosi (romelic 

maSin iq moRvaweobda), naxa dasneulebuli ioane, 

romelsac laparakis Tavic ar hqonda da TvalebiTRa 

evedreboda wminda mamas locvas. wminda mRvdelmTavarma 

meyseulad datova sneuli, Sevida Tavis senakSi, iloca 

mxurvaled, mere isev miakiTxa sneuls da uTxra: msmenia, 

Txilis joxis naxSiria amisTvis kargio. Sedo cecxlSi 

Tavisi kverTxi. roca daiwva da danaxSirda, gauria wyalSi, 

jvari gadasaxa da sneuls daalevina. SesmisTanave 

ioanes gaberili muceli daucxra da sami dRis Semdeg 

sruliad janmrTeli wamodga. ambobda: Txilis naxSirma 

ki ar ganmkurna, aramed wmindanis locvam, romelic simdabliT 

naxSirs abralebda Cems kurnebaso. 

`karibWe~ 

89

* * * 

XX saukunis dasawyisSi aTonze, wminda petre aTonelis 

saxelobis senakebSi, moRvaweobda mama danieli. erTxel Rirsi 

mama taZarSi saRmrTo liturgiisTvis emzadeboda. raki, kanonTa 

Tanaxmad, mRvdels liturgiis marto aRsruleba ar SeuZlia _ 

saWiroa meore mgalobeli mainc, mama danielma odnav moSorebiT 

mcxovreb bers sTxova, diliT liturgia masTan erTad 

aResrulebina. meore dRes mama danieli Seimosa, ciskris locva 

aRavlina da liturgiis dawyebisaTvis mezobels dauwyo lodini. 

didxans eloda, magram beri ar Canda _ Turme avad gamxdariyo. 

mama danieli sagonebelSi Cavarda, ar icoda, ra eqna. am 

dros taZarSi sami Saosani Sevida. mama danieli miesalma maT 

da daxmareba sTxova. berebs uari ar uTqvamT. orma igaloba, 

mesamem ki mnaTeoba gaswia. liturgia rom aRasrules, mama danielma 

berebs hkiTxa, romeli monastridan iyvnen da ra erqvaT. 

maT miuges, rom iverTa monastridan iyvnen, saxelad ki ioane, 

eqvTime da giorgi erqvaT. mama danielma barZimSi darCenili 

wminda ZRveni miiRo da sakurTxevlidan gamovida, raTa berebs 

gamaspinZleobda, magram isini iq aRar daxvdnen. mama danieli 

mixvda, rom ucnobi stumrebi iverTa monastris damaarsebelni 

_ ioane, eqvTime da giorgi qarTvelebi iyvnen. 

`karibWe~ 

* * * 

XX s-is aToneli beri _ mama paisi igonebs ra mama petres, 

ambobs: 

àdamianebTan urTierToba uWirda, amitomac senakSi iketeboda 

da ganuwyvetliv RmerTs ezraxeboda. roca mamebi ukakunebdnen, 

kars ar aRebda da arc maT mier iqve datovebul sakvebs iRebda. 

mezobeli berebi sayvedurobdnen _ cudad iqcevi, mamao, rom 

berebis motanils ar iRebo; is ki pasuxobda: `dideba RmerTs, 

yvelaferi sakmarisad maqvs da Cems gamo ratom unda moakldes 

es wyaloba sxva mamebs, visac ase sWirdeba?~ 

didi moRvaweobiT ganSoreboda kacobrivi survilebi da 

angelozs mimsgavseboda; gana tyuilad Semosil 

90

iyo angelozis sqemiT. mwuxris locvis Semdeg mxolod 

erT cal orcxobilas SeWamda, mere ki mudmiv locvasa da 

muxlTadrekaSi iyo. ZilSic ki iesos locvas imeorebda, Ca- 

Zinebuli locvis kanonis darCenil nawils ambobda xmamaRla. 

xorciT eZina, suli misi ki fxizlobda da loculobda. mama 

petres saxeze aRbeWdoda saRmrTo gulisSemusvrileba. misi 

sulis ska sulieri TafliT avsebuliyo da gardamodioda. 

roca ekiTxebodnen: rogor cxovrob, mamao, Sens senakSio, pasuxobda: 

dideba RmerTs, Cems senaks, Cems sayvarel katunaks, 

mTeli msoflios sasaxleebze ar gavcvlio. yovel eqvs TveSi 

erTxel datovebda xolme Tavis `Zivrfas katunaks~ da aTonis 

monastrebSi midioda xelsaqmis (namuSevrebis) gasayidad, raTa 

im fuliT naxevari wlis samyofi orcxobila eyida. 

mama petre mudmivad marxulobda, saWmels dReSi erTxel, 

mwuxris Semdeg miiRebda. didmarxvaSi sami dRe miyolebiT 

arafers Wamda, mxolod SabaT-kviras ixmevda zeTian saWmels. 

RvTismsaxurebas dReSi Svidi saaTis ganmavlobaSi skvnilze 

locviT cvlida. amiT asrulebda Tavis sabero kanons _ 700 

muxlTadrekasa da 33 aseul iesos locvas, romelsac Tan mcire 

metania erTvoda. am locvis erT mesameds TavisTvis asrulebda, 

erTi mesamedis ganmavlobaSi _ cocxlebs, erTisas ki 

micvalebulebs moixseniebda. Tu Seityobda vinmes gansacdels, 

misTvis muxlTadrekiT calke loculobda. Jamnebs, mwuxrsa da 

SuaRamiansac skvnilze loculobda. locva iyo misi xelsaqme. 

dauviwyaria CemTvis misi bolo darigebebi. 1958 wlis 12 

ivniss, Tavisi mfarveli wmindanis, wm. petres xsenebis dRes, 

eziara. wirvaze aTonis gandegili berebic movidnen. liturgiis 

damTavrebisTanave mama petre gamovida taZridan, moamzada 

mamebisTvis wyali da luqumi, daxuWa Tvalebi da ganwmendili 

suli Caabara ufals. mamebs egonaT, CaeZinao, elodnen, gaiRvi- 

Zebs da dRegrZelobas vusurvebTo. Seexnen mxarze da mixvdnen, 

rom mama petre ukve zecad asuliyo. dae, Tan gvdevdes misi 

wminda locvebi! 

`karibWe~ 

91

Cveni drois qarTvelma berma, arqimandritma gabrielma 

(urgebaZe) erTxel morwmuneebs hkiTxa: `miTxariT, ras 

niSnavs `locva _ codvad SeeracxaT?~ albaT arasworad 

ilocao _ upasuxes. àra sworad ilocao,~ _ uTxra berma. 

albaT locvis dros goneba gaurbodao _ ifiqres, rac 

ar iyo swori. bolos morwmuneebma sTxoves ganemarta, ras 

niSnavda misive SekiTxva. axlave getyviTo, _ Tqva man. am 

dros masTan erTi morwmune Semovida kurTxevis asaRebad. 

mama gabrielma raRacis gakeTeba sTxova. man ki upasuxa: 

_ axla ar SemiZlia, mere vnaxoTo. Semdeg mama gabrielma 

uTxra morwmuneebs: _ axla eg wava da xuTi saaTi 

ilocebs, magram RmerTi moismens, me rom ar damexmara?! 

Tu RvTis mcnebebs ar icavT, nu daRliT ufals amdeni 

locviT, ar mogismenT da locva codvad SegeracxebaT. 

sikeTe samoTxis kars gagiRebs, simdable Sig Segiyvans 

da siyvaruli RmerTs ganaxebs. Tu Sens locvas keTili 

saqme ar mosdevs, aseTi locva mkvdariao. 

monazoni paraskeva 

92

dvalTis dedaTa monasteri 

iyo dro, roca raWis samonastro cxovrebas Tavisebur 

siwmindesa da elfers matebda dedaTa savaneebi, romelTagan 

Cvenamde mxolod oris – cxomisa da dvalTis savaneTa 

arseboba SemorCa xalxis mexsierebas, viTarca Soreuli 

gamoZaxili zeciuri saTnoebiT aRvsil monazonTa mdidari 

sulierebisa. 

rogorc raWis yvela kuTxe, jejoris xeobis nasoflari 

dvalTac (wedisis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, daax. 5 

kilometrSi) mimzidvelia Tavisi aremariT. aqedan xelisgulze 

moCans aseve nasoflari vatra, romelic sapirispiro 

_ jejoris marcxena mxaresaa. 

dvalTis erTi almazad SemadRlebuli adgili SeurCeviaT 

samoRvaweod sxivdafenil dedebs da TavianT miwier 

samoTxedac uqceviaT es kurTxeuli adgili. 

JamTa svlam da Znelbedobam dvalTis savanec gaaukacriela, 

magram ver waSala kvali da xsovna. Zveli dedaTa 

monastris naSTebi da Tqmuleba, Taobidan Taobas rom gadmoecemoda, 

igive xsovnaa maradiul samyaroSi gardasul dedaTa. 

dvalTis dedaTa monasteri raWis saerisTavos 

Zlierebis xanaSi unda iyos safuZvelCayrili, maSin, roca 

xalxmravali mxare sayovelTao eklesia-monasterTa mSeneblobam 

moicva, adamianebi ki Semecnebis naTelma da ltolvam 

ufalTan miaxloebisa. 

* * * 

sikeTe spilenZze Caiwere, wyena ki _ wyalze. 

wmida isidore peluzieli

94 

glolis `beris saydari~ 

sof. glolis `zedqalaqis~ Sua saukuneTa uamrav 

nagebobaTagan sruli saxiT mxolod mcire zomis (3,6× 2,2 

m) `beris saydrad~ wodebulma eklesiam moaRwia. 

eq. TayaiSvili wers: èklesiis aSenebas miaweren daviT 

aRmaSenebels da mas `saberos~ uwodeben, vinaidan aq 

mwirs ucxovria.~ 

g. boWoriZem eklesiis aSeneba da moxatva XIII saukuniT 

daaTariRa da sworadac, vinaidan kedlis umSvenieres 

moxatulobaSi Tamar dedoflis unikaluri freskac 

brwyinavda, romelic, samwuxarod, 1910-ian wlebSi dazianda 

da waiSala uyuradRebobis gamo. 

mcire samlocvelo Zvelad vinme gandegils auSenebiao, 

werda p. uvarova 1880-ian wlebSi, glovel xandazmulTa 

naambobze dayrdnobiT. 

amJamad xalxi am mcire eklesias `sultaneT wm. 

giorgiT~ moixseniebs. saydari bolo wlebSi SekeTda da 

daixura TunuqiT. 

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba 

iTqvas: glolis `beris saydari~ aSenda berebis samlocvelod. 

imdroisaTvis aq bermonazvnobas mtkiced 

hqonda fesvebi gamjdari, miT ufro, rom bubis Zveli monasteri 

sul axlos, 6-7 kilometrSi mdebareobda. 

* * * 

dacemuli fexze unda daayeno da ara _ dascino. 

wmida efrem asuri

96 

s a r C e v i 

1. Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

2. nikorwmindis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

3. WeliSis udabno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 

4. meWvreTis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

5. sxieris monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 

6. labeWinis monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 

7. veltyevis monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 

8. leknaris monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

9. Sodis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 

10. bubis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

11. Tamar dedoflis saydari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 

12. soris monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

13. Seubnis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 

14. mravalZalis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 

15. futieTis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 

16. Wolevis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

17. Rviaris monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 

18. sakaos samziaris udabno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 

19. miqarwmindis monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 

20. RadiSis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 

21. cxomis dedaTa monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 

22. dvalTis dedaTa monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 

23. glolis `beris saydari~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 

24. motyiaris `beris wyaro~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 

25. boloTqma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 

26. zogi ram bermonazonTa cxovrebidan. . . . . . . . . . 78

WeliSis monastris winamZRvari 

iRumeni iosebi (baqraZe) 

1860-1866 ww. 

97

98 


arqimandriti nikifore (kandelaki) 

1892-1897 ww.


arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia) 

1902-1903 ww. 

99

100 


arqimandriti grigoli (CxaiZe) 

1903-1906 ww.


iRumeni pavle (jafariZe) 

1916-1917 ww. 

101

102 

nikorwmindis monastris wmida nikolozis eklesia

WeliSis monasteri 

103

104 

WeliSis monastris qvabebi

meWvreTis wmida giorgis eklesia 

105

sxieris monastris `mirianeuli uZravi~ wmida giorgis 

eklesiis kankelis fragmentebi

leknaris monasteri 

107

108 

leknaris monasteri

Seubnis monasteri 

Seubnis sinawmida

labeWinis monastris 

mTavarangelozis eklesia

Rviaris monasteri 

Rviaris monastris jvarcmis eklesia

RadiSis monastris wmida giorgis eklesia

mravalZalis monastris wmida giorgis eklesia 

1990 wlis miwisZvramde

Tamar dedoflis saydari da qvabebi

Sodis namonastrali

ubis namonastrali 

bubis jvris eklesia

soris monastris jvarcmis eklesia

glolis `beris saydari~

motyiaris `beris wyaro~

motyiaris `beris wyaro~ 

WeliSis monastris ukanaskneli winamZRvris 

lavrentis (metreveli) werili axloblebisadmi 

1930-iani wlebi

121

gamomcemloba

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