geografia 8
geografia 8 geografia 8
aRmoaCina. mikroCipebi, romelic amerikelma jek qilbma aRmoaCina. gamogonebaa: TviTmfrinavi, radio da a.S. § 27. mrewveloba 1. bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis mxriv mrewvelobas or ZiriTad dargad – mopovebiT da damamuSavebel mrewvelobad yofen. pirvelSi uSualod xdeba sxvadasxva bunebrivi resursis, magaliTad wiaRiseulis mopoveba, meoreSi ki mopovebuli resursebi gadamuSavdeba (mag., qimiuri mrewveloba, metalurgia da sxv.). damamuSavebeli mrewvelobis dargebi nedleulad rogorc bunebriv resursebs, ise mopovebiT mrewvelobis mier warmoebul produqciasac iyeneben. 2. eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba ZiriTadad xdeba qvanaxSiris, navTobis an gazis dawvis saSualebiT. es ukanaskneli ki mopovebiTi mrewvelobis dargebia, swored amitom eleqtroenergiis warmoeba iTvleba mopovebiTi mrewvelobis dargad. 3. manqanaTmSenebloba; qimiuri mrewveloba; kvebis mrewveloba; msubuqi mrewveloba. 4. bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis mixedviT mrewveloba iyofa: mopovebiT da damamuSavebel dargebad. 7. mSenebloba miekuTvneba mrewvelobis damamuSavebel dargs. igi mrewvelobis Zveli dargia. 8. mrewvelobis dargebis asakis mixedviT dayofas safuZvlad udevs mrewvelobis dargebis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis principi. metalurgiul saqmianobas (sxvadasxva liTonis gamodnoba) adamiani uZvelesi droidan eweoda. sasuqebis warmoeba qimiuri mrewvelobis dargia da mogvianebiT ganviTarda. § 28. saTbob-energetikuli meurneoba da energetikuli resursebi 1. aRmoCenil iqna navTobis axali sabadoebi. amasTan navTobis mopoveba da transportireba bevrad iafi da mosaxerxebelia, vidre sxva sawvavis. aseve gaizarda meurneobis sxvadasxva dargebis mier navTobze da navTobproduqtebze moTxovnileba. 2. evropa azia afrika samx. amerika Crd. amerika norvegia erayi alJiri trinidadi da aSS gaerTianebuli saudis arabeTi libia tobago samefo quveiTi nigeria venesuela ruseTi arabTa gaer- kolumbia azerbaijani Tianebuli saamiroebi katari brunei 3. eleqtroenergetika meurneobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dargia, radgan mrewvelobis yvela dargi, aseve adamianis cxovreba da saqmianoba warmoudgenelia mis gareSe. 4. hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mdinareebze da maTze Seqmnili wyalsacavebze Sendeba, xolo Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ageba, ZiriTadad, saTbob-energetikuli resursebis mopovebis adgilTanaa mizanSewonili. 5. hidroeleqtrosadguri, Tboeleqtrosadguri, atomuri eleqtrosadguri. 6. a) energetikuli krizisi – eleqtroenergiis deficiti; b) energetika qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis safuZvelia, amitom mrewvelobis es dargi sworedac saxelmwifos kuraciis qveS unda iyos. § 29. soflis meurneoba 1. klimatur pirobebze damokidebulia sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis moyvana; swored siTbosa da tenis raodenobiT ganisazRvreba sxvadasxva mcenaris savegetacio periodi. 72
2. kvebis, msubuqi, qimiuri mrewveloba. 3. xorbali mohyavT qveynebSi: aSS, kanada, safrangeTi, espaneTi, ukraina, ruseTi da sxv. yava mohyavT qveynebSi: brazilia, kolumbia, gvinea, eTiopia, kongo, madagaskari, indoeTi da sxv. 6. reliefma da klimatma. § 30. momsaxurebis sfero 1. gaerTianebuli samefo (sami banki), aSS (ori banki). 2. gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan momsaxurebis sfero ganviTarebuli qveynebis mTliani Sida produqtis udides nawils qmnis, romelSic dasaqmebulia am qveynebis mosaxleobis umetesoba. momsaxurebis sfero mraval dargs aerTianebs. aseTebia, magaliTad, transporti, vaWroba, turizmi, ganaTleba da mecniereba, jandacva, sabanko-safinanso biznesi, sainformacio teqnologiebi. swored amitom moxda momsaxurebis sferos dargebis swrafi ganviTareba. 3. bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi momsaxurebis sfero swrafad viTardeba. servisis dargebma wamyvani adgili daikava da mosaxleobis didi nawilic swored am sferoSi dasaqmda. 5. momsaxurebis sferos dargebi transporti vaWroba turizmi ganaTleba da mecniereba jandacva sabanko-safinanso biznesi momsaxurebis sferos obieqti avto da rkinigzis sadguri, aeroporti, marketi, bazari, turbiuro, sastumro, universiteti, samecniero instituti, saavadmyofo, hospitali, banki, lombardi da sxv. § 31. transporti 1. cxeni, etli, rkinigza, gemi, avtomanqana, TviTmfrinavi. 2. transporti dRevandeli msoflio meurneobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dargia. is uSualod ar qmnis materialur produqcias, magram gadaaqvs tvirTi da gadayavs mosaxleoba, ris Sedegadac warmoebis procesis aucilebel gagrZelebas warmoadgens. swored amitom mas saxelmwifos sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemas uwodeben. 3. transportis gareSe warmoudgenelia rogorc warmoebis, aseve Tanamedrove sazogadoebis mTeli saqmianoba. igi erTmaneTTan akavSirebs warmoebasa da momxmarebels, qveynebsa da raionebs, amyarebs sameurneo, politikur da kulturul kavSirebs, uzrunvelyofs turizmis ganviTarebas da a.S. 4. qveynis sameurneo sistemaSi transports udidesi roli akisria. marTalia, transporti Tavad arafers ar awarmoebs, magram mis gareSe warmoudgenelia warmoeba, aseve qalaqebi, fabrika-qarxnebi, soflebi, fermebi da saxelmwifoc ki. 5. mTian regionebSi isev da isev gamoiyeneba uZvelesi transportis saxeoba – cxeni, radgan igi yvelaze saimedo gadaadgilebis saSualebaa mTebSi. bevr adgilas mowyobilia sabagiro gzebi. mosaxerxebelia saavtomobilo da sahaero transportis (vertmfreni) ganviTareba. 6. satransporto qselis ganviTareba damokidebulia, rogorc mosaxleobis da warmoebis ganlagebaze, aseve bunebriv pirobebze. kerZod, mTiani reliefis pirobebSi gzis gayvana sakmaod Zviria, hava gansazRvravs naosnobis vadebs zRvebze, tbebsa da mdinareebze. havazea damokidebuli sahaero transportis muSaoba. rac ufro maRalia qveyanaSi cxovrebis done, miT ufro ganviTarebulia satransporto sistema, mosaxleobis kulturi ganviTareba uzrunvelyofs satransporto saSualebaTa dacvas, miznobriv gamoyenebas; turistul-rekreaciuli aqtivoba Sesabamisad bevr vizitors niSnavs, romelTac gamarTuli da komfortuli satransporto sistema sWirdebaT; qveynis politikuri stabiluroba qveynis, aseve transportis ganviTarebis sawindaria. 73
- Page 21 and 22: swavlebis meTodebi swavla-swavlebis
- Page 23 and 24: gTavazobT wyvilebSi muSaobis wesebs
- Page 25 and 26: eqskursiis mniSvneloba saskolo eqsk
- Page 27 and 28: pozicias da ikaveben saklaso oTaxSi
- Page 29 and 30: procesisadmi. moswavleebs maswavleb
- Page 31 and 32: `mravalwaxnaga~ reitingis Sedgenisa
- Page 33 and 34: dokumenti, maketi, inscenireba, deb
- Page 35 and 36: kiTxvebze pasuxebi unda iyos konkre
- Page 37 and 38: gamoicani termini TamaSis mTavari m
- Page 39 and 40: V Tavi meurneoba 25. Tanamedrove ms
- Page 41 and 42: II etapi - rukaze muSaoba da geogra
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- Page 47 and 48: gakveTilis msvleloba (pirveli saaTi
- Page 49 and 50: esursebi: saxelmZRvanelo, msoflios
- Page 51 and 52: § 31 transporti (1 sT.) Sedegi 7.
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- Page 55 and 56: kavkasia saqarTvelo evropa azia evr
- Page 57 and 58: X moswavlis wignSi mocemuli davaleb
- Page 59 and 60: g) saqarTveloSi mSp-is maCvenebeli
- Page 61 and 62: klimatur sartylebSi. b) indostanis
- Page 63 and 64: 250-500 mm. yvelaze naklebi naleqi
- Page 65 and 66: dasavleT nawilSi, amitom afrikis ud
- Page 67 and 68: varkunZulia. 6. avstralia sam klima
- Page 69 and 70: 6. a) dadebiTia: safrangeTi, avstra
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- Page 81 and 82: warmomadgenlebi mkacradaa daculi. 2
- Page 83 and 84: 2. a) samxreT kavkasiaSi b) kavkasi
- Page 85 and 86: 25. avstralia. 26. eris tba Crdiloe
- Page 87 and 88: dedaqalaqi aglomeraciebi orientireb
- Page 89 and 90: 3. satransporto kompleqsi gadaadgil
- Page 91 and 92: ახსნილი ცნებ
- Page 93 and 94: ინფორმაციის
- Page 95 and 96: ქულით. სტანდა
- Page 97 and 98: nimuSi #2 niSani 1-4 5-7 8-10 rukis
- Page 99 and 100: XI TviTSefaseba GganmaviTarebeli Se
- Page 101 and 102: 20. moswavleebTan erTad yovelTvis v
- Page 103 and 104: msoflio okeanis udidesi Rrmulebi Rr
- Page 105 and 106: temperatura isev klebulobs da 800 m
- Page 107 and 108: moqcevis sidide yuris siganisa da s
- Page 109 and 110: drografiuli kavSirisa da samTavroba
- Page 111 and 112: CrdiloeT yinulovani okeane zRva far
aRmoaCina. mikroCipebi, romelic amerikelma jek qilbma aRmoaCina.<br />
gamogonebaa: TviTmfrinavi, radio da a.S.<br />
§ 27. mrewveloba<br />
1. bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis mxriv mrewvelobas or ZiriTad dargad – mopovebiT da<br />
damamuSavebel mrewvelobad yofen. pirvelSi uSualod xdeba sxvadasxva bunebrivi resursis,<br />
magaliTad wiaRiseulis mopoveba, meoreSi ki mopovebuli resursebi gadamuSavdeba (mag., qimiuri<br />
mrewveloba, metalurgia da sxv.). damamuSavebeli mrewvelobis dargebi nedleulad rogorc bunebriv<br />
resursebs, ise mopovebiT mrewvelobis mier warmoebul produqciasac iyeneben.<br />
2. eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba ZiriTadad xdeba qvanaxSiris, navTobis an gazis dawvis saSualebiT.<br />
es ukanaskneli ki mopovebiTi mrewvelobis dargebia, swored amitom eleqtroenergiis<br />
warmoeba iTvleba mopovebiTi mrewvelobis dargad.<br />
3. manqanaTmSenebloba; qimiuri mrewveloba; kvebis mrewveloba; msubuqi mrewveloba.<br />
4. bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis mixedviT mrewveloba iyofa: mopovebiT da damamuSavebel<br />
dargebad.<br />
7. mSenebloba miekuTvneba mrewvelobis damamuSavebel dargs. igi mrewvelobis Zveli dargia.<br />
8. mrewvelobis dargebis asakis mixedviT dayofas safuZvlad udevs mrewvelobis dargebis<br />
Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis principi. metalurgiul saqmianobas (sxvadasxva liTonis gamodnoba)<br />
adamiani uZvelesi droidan eweoda. sasuqebis warmoeba qimiuri mrewvelobis dargia da<br />
mogvianebiT ganviTarda.<br />
§ 28. saTbob-energetikuli meurneoba da energetikuli resursebi<br />
1. aRmoCenil iqna navTobis axali sabadoebi. amasTan navTobis mopoveba da transportireba bevrad<br />
iafi da mosaxerxebelia, vidre sxva sawvavis. aseve gaizarda meurneobis sxvadasxva dargebis<br />
mier navTobze da navTobproduqtebze moTxovnileba.<br />
2.<br />
evropa azia afrika samx. amerika Crd. amerika<br />
norvegia<br />
erayi<br />
alJiri<br />
trinidadi da<br />
aSS<br />
gaerTianebuli<br />
saudis arabeTi<br />
libia<br />
tobago<br />
samefo<br />
quveiTi<br />
nigeria<br />
venesuela<br />
ruseTi<br />
arabTa gaer-<br />
kolumbia<br />
azerbaijani<br />
Tianebuli saamiroebi<br />
katari<br />
brunei<br />
3. eleqtroenergetika meurneobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dargia, radgan mrewvelobis<br />
yvela dargi, aseve adamianis cxovreba da saqmianoba warmoudgenelia mis gareSe.<br />
4. hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mdinareebze da maTze Seqmnili wyalsacavebze Sendeba, xolo<br />
Tboeleqtrosadgurebis ageba, ZiriTadad, saTbob-energetikuli resursebis mopovebis adgilTanaa<br />
mizanSewonili.<br />
5. hidroeleqtrosadguri, Tboeleqtrosadguri, atomuri eleqtrosadguri.<br />
6. a) energetikuli krizisi – eleqtroenergiis deficiti;<br />
b) energetika qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis safuZvelia, amitom mrewvelobis es dargi<br />
sworedac saxelmwifos kuraciis qveS unda iyos.<br />
§ 29. soflis meurneoba<br />
1. klimatur pirobebze damokidebulia sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis moyvana;<br />
swored siTbosa da tenis raodenobiT ganisazRvreba sxvadasxva mcenaris savegetacio periodi.<br />
72
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