geografia 8
geografia 8 geografia 8
davaleba: 1. a) yazaxeTi, kolumbia, nigeria; b) kanada, brazilia, espaneTi; g) angola, sudani, avRaneTi. d) mosaxleobis aRwera 2005 w. Semdeg 2000-2004 ww. 1970-1989 ww. yazaxeTi kanada angola kolumbia brazilia sudani nigeria espaneTi avRaneTi 2. a) kanada, ruseTi, avstralia, monRoleTi; b) aSS, venesuela, alJiri, madagaskari; g) gaerTianebuli samefo, germania, italia; d) indoeTi, iaponia, samxreT korea. 3. uxsovari droidan adamiani sacxovreblad irCevda xelsayrel bunebrivi pirobebis mqone adgilebs, magaliTad, mdinaris an zRvis napirs, mdinaris deltas. sanadirod vargis adgilebs da sxva. 4. bevr ganviTarebad qveyanaSi mosaxleobis raodenoba swrafad izrdeba da maT sacxovreblad axali adgili sWirdebaT; amasTan XXI s-Si, mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebam, bunebrivi garemos roli sacxovrebel arealebze Seamcira. 5. pirvelyofili adamiani daaxloebiT 300-100 aTasi wlis win Camoyalibda. misi sacxovrebeli areali afrikas, evropasa da azias moicavda. pirvelyofilma adamianebma ara marto mTeli afrikis, aziisa da evropis sivrceebi aiTvises, aramed amerikis, avstraliis, okeaneTisa da arqtikis mimdebare teritoriebzec gavidnen. maT gadaadgilebas xels uwyobda gamyinvareba da msoflio okeanis donis daweva. adamianis sacxovrebeli arealis gafarToebasTan erTad garemomcveli bunebrivi pirobebi ufro mravalferovani da kontrastuli xdeboda, rac Tavad adamianebis cxovrebis wesis cvlilebas iwvevda. 6. mosaxleobis udidesi nawili Tavmoyrilia aziaSi, sadac msoflio mosaxleobis 60% cxovrobs. evropis mosaxleobis raodenoba 14,1%-ia, afrikisa – 11%, amerikis – 14,5% (aqedan CrdiloeT amerikaSi 8,2%, xolo samxreT amerikaSi 6,3%), avstraliasa da okeaneTSi mxolod – 0,5%. XX saukunis meore naxevarSi, gansakuTrebiT bolo or aTwleulSi, mosaxleobis raodenobis mkveTr matebas `demografiuli afeTqeba~ uwodes. man warmoqmna globaluri demografiuli problema – garTulda mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa resursebiT. aRniSnulis gamo msoflios mraval qveyanaSi gatarda saxelmwifo demografiuli politika mosaxleobis raodenobis zrdis Sesamcireblad. aseTi politika warmatebiT gamoiyeneba CineTSi, igi mimdinareobs deviziT `erTi ojaxi – erTi bavSvi~. § 14. ra aris migracia 1. a) evropelTa migracia 1500 wlis Semdeg ZiriTadad amerikisa da avstraliis mimarTulebiT daiwyo. b) CinelTa migracia XIX-XX ss-Si TiTqmis yvela mimarTulebiT mimdinareobda. 2. mag., Sida migracia saqarTveloSi moxda afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis teritoriebidan politikuri mizezebis gamo; aseve mTiani regionebidan ekologiuri mizezebis gamo. 3. a) Sida migracia mimdinareobs qveynis farglebSi, gare – qveynis farglebs gareT. b) mizezebi TiTqmis msgavsia, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca migracia xdeba politikuri mizeziT. 4. Sida migraciis Sedegad ar icvleba qveynis mosaxleobis ricxovnoba, Tumca adgili aqvs mosaxleobis disbalanss. gare migraciis dros qveynis mosaxleobis ricxovnoba icvleba. 5. momTabareoba iTvleba migraciad, radgan momTabareobis dros adamianebi droebiT icvlian sacxovrebel adgils. 68
6. a) dadebiTia: safrangeTi, avstralia, samxreT afrikis respublika. uaryofiTia: CineTi, brazilia, irani; stabiluria: argentina, TurqeTi, tanzania. b) uaryofiTi. 7. somxuri diaspora mravalricxovania aSS-Si, ruseTSi, braziliaSi. § 15. iZulebiTi migracia 1. magaliTad, ltolvilebi afxazeTidan da samxreT oseTidan (samaCablodan). 2. a) avRaneTi, pakistani, irani; b) aSS, kanada, avstralia. 3. Sida qarTlSi, samegreloSi, TbilisSi. 4. nebismieri omi aTasobiT adamians aiZulebs, datovos sacxovrebeli adgili da TavSesafari eZebos sxva teritoriaze. ltolvilTa banakebSi ar aris komfortuli sacxovrebeli pirobebi. § 16. Tanamedrove migraciebis geografia 1. ZiriTadi migraciuli nakadebis mimarTulebebia: aziidan evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi, samxreT amerikidan CrdiloeT amerikaSi, afrikidan evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi. 2. ZiriTadad, am qveynebis socialur-ekonomikurma ganviTarebis donem. 3. SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radgan afrikidan gayvanil monebs iZulebiT amuSavebdnen da mZime pirobebSi acxovrebdnen. 4. Tanamedrove pirobebSi xSiria trefikingi, roca bavSvebi an qalebi motyuebiT gahyavT saz- RvargareT da mZime samuSaos Sesrulebas aiZuleben. 5. SromiTi migraciaa, roca adamiani tovebs Tavis sacxovrebel adgils da samuSaos saZebrad sxvagan miemgzavreba. tvinebis gadinebas maSin aqvs adgili, roca inteleqtualuri potencialis adamianebi (mag. mecnierebi, gamomgoneblebi da a.S.) erTi qveynidan meoreSi gadadian sacxovreblad an samuSaod. trefikingi iZulebiTi migraciis formaa, roca adamiani motyuebiT gahyavT sazRvargareT, uzRudaven mas Tavisufal gadaadgilebas da anazRaurebis gareSe aiZuleben mZime samuSaos Sesrulebas. qanqariseburi (maqosebri) migracia aris yoveldRiuri gadaadgileba erTi adgilidan meoreSi da ukan. 6. barSi ufro xelsayreli pirobebia cxovrebisaTvis. mTidan barSi masobrivi migracia mTiani regionebis depopulacias iwvevs. § 17. gansaxlebis formebi 1. XX-XXI saukuneebSi qalaqis mosaxleobis mkveTri zrda gamoiwvia, qalaqSi adamianis cxovrebisa da saqmianobisaTvis ufro xelsayrelma pirobebma. 2. a) aSS, germania, dania; b) avRaneTi, mozambiki, zimbabve; g) grenlandia, avstraliis centraluri raioni, ruseTis aRmosavleTi (cimbiri), antarqtida; 3. a) saqalaqo mosaxleoba mkveTrad gaizarda aziasa da afrikaSi; sasoflo mosaxleoba sagrZnoblad Semcirda evropaSi, laTinur da CrdiloeT amerikaSi; b) savaraudod gagrZeldeba saqalaqo mosaxleobis zrda. § 18. qalaqi 1. Tanamedrove qalaqis cnebas ufro metad m. veberis ganmarteba Seesabameba. 2. a) aSS, indoeTi, CineTi; b) evropa: parizi, londoni, moskovi; 69
- Page 17 and 18: mTeli moculobiT aTvisebasa da savar
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6. a) dadebiTia: safrangeTi, avstralia, samxreT afrikis respublika.<br />
uaryofiTia: CineTi, brazilia, irani;<br />
stabiluria: argentina, TurqeTi, tanzania.<br />
b) uaryofiTi.<br />
7. somxuri diaspora mravalricxovania aSS-Si, ruseTSi, braziliaSi.<br />
§ 15. iZulebiTi migracia<br />
1. magaliTad, ltolvilebi afxazeTidan da samxreT oseTidan (samaCablodan).<br />
2. a) avRaneTi, pakistani, irani;<br />
b) aSS, kanada, avstralia.<br />
3. Sida qarTlSi, samegreloSi, TbilisSi.<br />
4. nebismieri omi aTasobiT adamians aiZulebs, datovos sacxovrebeli adgili da TavSesafari<br />
eZebos sxva teritoriaze. ltolvilTa banakebSi ar aris komfortuli sacxovrebeli pirobebi.<br />
§ 16. Tanamedrove migraciebis <strong>geografia</strong><br />
1. ZiriTadi migraciuli nakadebis mimarTulebebia: aziidan evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi,<br />
samxreT amerikidan CrdiloeT amerikaSi, afrikidan evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi.<br />
2. ZiriTadad, am qveynebis socialur-ekonomikurma ganviTarebis donem.<br />
3. SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radgan afrikidan gayvanil monebs iZulebiT amuSavebdnen da mZime pirobebSi<br />
acxovrebdnen.<br />
4. Tanamedrove pirobebSi xSiria trefikingi, roca bavSvebi an qalebi motyuebiT gahyavT saz-<br />
RvargareT da mZime samuSaos Sesrulebas aiZuleben.<br />
5. SromiTi migraciaa, roca adamiani tovebs Tavis sacxovrebel adgils da samuSaos saZebrad<br />
sxvagan miemgzavreba.<br />
tvinebis gadinebas maSin aqvs adgili, roca inteleqtualuri potencialis adamianebi (mag.<br />
mecnierebi, gamomgoneblebi da a.S.) erTi qveynidan meoreSi gadadian sacxovreblad an samuSaod.<br />
trefikingi iZulebiTi migraciis formaa, roca adamiani motyuebiT gahyavT sazRvargareT,<br />
uzRudaven mas Tavisufal gadaadgilebas da anazRaurebis gareSe aiZuleben mZime samuSaos Sesrulebas.<br />
qanqariseburi (maqosebri) migracia aris yoveldRiuri gadaadgileba erTi adgilidan meoreSi<br />
da ukan.<br />
6. barSi ufro xelsayreli pirobebia cxovrebisaTvis. mTidan barSi masobrivi migracia mTiani<br />
regionebis depopulacias iwvevs.<br />
§ 17. gansaxlebis formebi<br />
1. XX-XXI saukuneebSi qalaqis mosaxleobis mkveTri zrda gamoiwvia, qalaqSi adamianis cxovrebisa<br />
da saqmianobisaTvis ufro xelsayrelma pirobebma.<br />
2. a) aSS, germania, dania;<br />
b) avRaneTi, mozambiki, zimbabve;<br />
g) grenlandia, avstraliis centraluri raioni, ruseTis aRmosavleTi (cimbiri), antarqtida;<br />
3. a) saqalaqo mosaxleoba mkveTrad gaizarda aziasa da afrikaSi; sasoflo mosaxleoba sagrZnoblad<br />
Semcirda evropaSi, laTinur da CrdiloeT amerikaSi;<br />
b) savaraudod gagrZeldeba saqalaqo mosaxleobis zrda.<br />
§ 18. qalaqi<br />
1. Tanamedrove qalaqis cnebas ufro metad m. veberis ganmarteba Seesabameba.<br />
2. a) aSS, indoeTi, CineTi;<br />
b) evropa: parizi, londoni, moskovi;<br />
69
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