geografia 8
geografia 8 geografia 8
gvxvdeba, radgan es regionebi mcire naleqianobiT (mSrali, ariduli klimatiT) gamoirCeva. 14. a) zomieri da subtropikuli. 15. centraluri aziis qveynebia: uzbekeTi (taSkenti), TurqmeneTi (aSxabadi), tajikeTi (duSanbe), yirgizeTi (biSkeki), monRoleTi (ulan-batori), yazaxeTi (astana). samxreT-dasavleT aziis qveynebia: siria (damasko), iordania (amani), israeli (ierusalimi), libani (beiruTi), erayi (baRdadi), quveiTi (el-quveiTi), katari (doha), bahreini (manama), saudis arabeTi (el-riadi), iemeni (sana), omani (maskati), arabeTis gaerTianebuli saamiroebi (abu-dabi). samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qveynebia: mianmari (iangoni), tailandi (bangkoki), kamboja (pnompeni), laosi (ventiniani), vietnami (hanoi), malaizia (kuala-lumpuri), singapuri (singapuri), indonezia (jakarta), brunei (bandar-seri-begevani), filipinebi (manila). b) aziis naxevarkunZulovani qveynebia: TurqeTi, saudis-arabeTi, iemeni, omani, indoeTi, mianmari, tailandi, kamboja, laosi, vietnami, samxreT korea. aziis kunZulovani qveynebia: iaponia, filipinebi, indonezia, Sri-lanka. g) kunZul axal gvineis teritoria gayofilia or nawilad: erTi nawili ekuTvnis indonezias, meore – papua axal gvineas. § 8. CrdiloeTi amerika 1. a) CrdiloeT amerikas esazRvreba: CrdiloeT yinulovani, atlantis da wynari okeaneebi. zRvebi: bofortis, bafinis, karibis, beringis. b) CrdiloeT polaruli wre, Crdilo tropiki 2. CrdiloeTiT: merCisonis koncxi – C.g. 71 0 50’ samxreTiT – mariatos koncxi – C.g. 7 0 12’ dasavleTiT – princ uelsis koncxi – d.g. 168 0 0’ aRmosavleTiT sent-Carlzis koncxi – d.g. 55 0 40’ 3. CrdiloeT amerikis mniSvnelovani yureebia: alaskis, butias, foqsis, hudsonis, wm. lavrentis, meqsikis, kaliforniis. naxevarkunZulebia: alaskis, labradoris, floridis, kaliforniis. kunZulebia: viqtoria, bafinis miwa, grenlandia, niufaundlendi, bermudis kunZulebi, bahamis kunZulebi, didi antiliis kunZulebi (kuba, iamaika, haiti, puerto-riko), mcire antiliis kunZulebi, havais kunZulebi. 4. a) kordilierebi urTierTparaleluri maRali mTagrexilebis – kldovani, kaskadovani, sanapiro qedis, siera-nevadis mTebisgan da maT Soris moTavsebuli sxvadasxva simaRlis – iukonis, kolumbiis, kolorados da meqsikis zegnebisgan Sedgeba. b) kldovani, kaskadovani, sanapiro qedebi da siera-nevadis mTebi urTierTparaleluradaa ganlagebuli. g) kordilierebis umaRlesi mwvervalia mak-kinli (6 194 m). 6. a) CrdiloeT amerikis teritoriaze vxvdebiT: arqtikul, subarqtikul, zomier, subtropikul, tropikul da subekvatorul klimatur sartylebs. kontinentis yvelaze didi nawili zomier sartyelSia moqceuli. b) subtropikul klimatur sartyelSi havis sami olqi gamoiyofa: wynari okeanis mxares – xmelTaSuazRvuri, atlantis okeanis mxares – musonur-subtropikuli, xolo maT Soris – kontinentur-subtropikuli. tropikul klimatur sartyelSi havis ori olqi gamoiyofa: dasavleTSi sanapiro udabnos havis olqi, xolo meqsikis yuris periferiasa da antiliis kunZulebze – notio tropikuli. g) CrdiloeT amerikis teritoriaze atmosferuli naleqebi araTanabradaa ganawilebuli. yvelaze uxvnaleqiania zomieri da nawilobriv subekvatoruli kordilierebisa da meqsikis yuris mimdebare mTebis kalTebi, sadac 2000-3000 mm naleqi modis. atlantis okeanispira teritoriaze naleqebis raodenoba 1000-dan 2000 mm-mdea. centralur vakeebze 500-1000 mm, xolo did vakeebze 62
250-500 mm. yvelaze naklebi naleqi 200 mm-ze, zogan 100 mm-ze naklebi kordilierebis mTaTaSoris zegnebze, arqtikuli da subarqtikuli sartylebis Sida raionebSi modis. 7. CrdiloeT amerikis dasavleTiT mdebare kordilierebis mTebi wynari okeanidan Camosuli teniani haeris masebs eRobeba da amitom TiTqmis mTeli teni dasavleTis kalTebze rCeba, Sida vakeebze ki kontinenturi hava yalibdeba. kontinentur centralur nawilSi, CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanidan meqsikis yuremde gadaWimul vakeTa derefani xels uwyobs arqtikuli da tropikuli haeris masebis gadaadgilebas. tropikul ganedebSi arqtikuli haeris SemoWrisas temperatura mkveTrad ecema. meqsikis yuris mxridan tropikuli haeris maRal ganedebSi SeWra zamTarSi uecar daTbobas iwvevs TviT polarul ganedebamde da grigalisebur qars – tornados warmoSobs. kontinentis ZiriTad nawilze tenis umTavresi wyaro atlantis okeanidan Semosuli haeris masebia, romlis gavlenac kordilierebamde aRwevs, radganac apalaCis dabali mTebi seriozul bariers ar warmoadgens. 8. a) CrdiloeT amerikis kontinentis mdinareebi wynari, atlantisa da CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanis auzebs ganekuTvneba. wynari okeanis auzs ganekuTvneba – kolumbia, kolorado da iukoni. CrdiloeT yinulovan okeanis auzis mdinarea makenzi. atlantis okeanis auzis mdinareebia misisipi (misuriT) da wm. lavrenti. b) kanadasa da aSS-is sazRvarze mdebareobs xuTi didi tba: zemo, miCigani, huroni, eri da ontario. bevri tbaa kanadis teritoriaze: didi daTvis, didi monebis, vinipegis, aTabaska da sxva. g) CrdiloeT amerikis ugrZesi mdinare misisipi gaedineba: minesotas, viskonsinis, aiovas, ilinoisis, misuris, arkanzasis, tenesis, luizianasa da misisipis StatebSi. masze mdebareobs qalaqebi: sent-poli, mineapolisi, sent-luisi, memfisi, baton-ruJi, axali orleani. 10. a) CrdiloeT amerikis kontinentze gavrcelebulia: arqtikuli udabnoebis zona, tundra da tyetundra, taiga, Sereuli da farTofoTlovani tyeebis zona, stepebi, udabnoebi da naxevarudabnoebi, savanebisa da meCxeri tyeebis zona, maradmwvane xeSeSfoTliani tyeebisa da buCqnarebis zona, cvalebadteniani tyeebis zona, notio ekvatoruli tyeebis zona da mTebSi simaRliTi sartyluroba. b) bunebrivi zonebi kontinentis CrdiloeT nawilSi ganedur zolebs qmnis, taigis samxreTiT mdebare bunebriv zonebs ki meridianuli mimarTleba aqvs. 11. bunebrivi pirobebis gamo kontinentis CrdiloeTiT metad mkacri klimaturi pirobebia, ris gamoc es nawili meCxeradaa dasaxlebuli. 12. centraluri amerikis qveynebia: meqsika, gvatemala, belizi, hondurasi, nikaragua, kostarika, panama. karibis zRvis auzis qveynebia: kuba, iamaika, haiti, dominikelTa respublika. § 9. samxreTi amerika 1. a) samxreTi amerika dasavleT da ZiriTadad samxreT naxevarsferoSi mdebareobs. kontinents CrdiloeTiT kveTs ekvatori. dasavleTidan wynari, aRmosavleTidan ki – atlantis okeane akravs. b) CrdiloeTiT galinasis koncxi – C.g. 12 0 25’ samxreTiT frouordis koncxi – s.g. 53 0 54’ (kontinentur nawilze), dasavleTiT pariniasis koncxi – d.g. 81 0 20’ aRmosavleTiT kabu-brankos koncxi – d.g. 34 0 46’ g) samxreT amerikis kontinentze mdebareobs amazonis, orinokosa da la-platis dablobebi, braziliisa da gvianis zegnebi, samxreTSi – patagoniis zegani. 2. samxreT amerikis kontinentis dasavleTiT mTel sigrZeze gadaWimulia andebis axalgazrda naoWa mTebi. a) andebis Semadgeneli qedebia: patagoniis, sanapiro, dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi qedebi. b) andebis ZiriTadi mwvervalebia: akon-kagua (6960 m), ankouma (6550 m), iliampu (6485 m), Cimboraso (6267 m). 63
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gvxvdeba, radgan es regionebi mcire naleqianobiT (mSrali, ariduli klimatiT) gamoirCeva.<br />
14. a) zomieri da subtropikuli.<br />
15. centraluri aziis qveynebia: uzbekeTi (taSkenti), TurqmeneTi (aSxabadi), tajikeTi (duSanbe),<br />
yirgizeTi (biSkeki), monRoleTi (ulan-batori), yazaxeTi (astana).<br />
samxreT-dasavleT aziis qveynebia: siria (damasko), iordania (amani), israeli (ierusalimi),<br />
libani (beiruTi), erayi (baRdadi), quveiTi (el-quveiTi), katari (doha), bahreini (manama), saudis<br />
arabeTi (el-riadi), iemeni (sana), omani (maskati), arabeTis gaerTianebuli saamiroebi (abu-dabi).<br />
samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qveynebia: mianmari (iangoni), tailandi (bangkoki), kamboja (pnompeni),<br />
laosi (ventiniani), vietnami (hanoi), malaizia (kuala-lumpuri), singapuri (singapuri), indonezia<br />
(jakarta), brunei (bandar-seri-begevani), filipinebi (manila).<br />
b) aziis naxevarkunZulovani qveynebia: TurqeTi, saudis-arabeTi, iemeni, omani, indoeTi,<br />
mianmari, tailandi, kamboja, laosi, vietnami, samxreT korea.<br />
aziis kunZulovani qveynebia: iaponia, filipinebi, indonezia, Sri-lanka.<br />
g) kunZul axal gvineis teritoria gayofilia or nawilad: erTi nawili ekuTvnis indonezias,<br />
meore – papua axal gvineas.<br />
§ 8. CrdiloeTi amerika<br />
1. a) CrdiloeT amerikas esazRvreba: CrdiloeT yinulovani, atlantis da wynari okeaneebi.<br />
zRvebi: bofortis, bafinis, karibis, beringis.<br />
b) CrdiloeT polaruli wre, Crdilo tropiki<br />
2. CrdiloeTiT: merCisonis koncxi – C.g. 71 0 50’<br />
samxreTiT – mariatos koncxi – C.g. 7 0 12’<br />
dasavleTiT – princ uelsis koncxi – d.g. 168 0 0’<br />
aRmosavleTiT sent-Carlzis koncxi – d.g. 55 0 40’<br />
3. CrdiloeT amerikis mniSvnelovani yureebia: alaskis, butias, foqsis, hudsonis, wm. lavrentis,<br />
meqsikis, kaliforniis.<br />
naxevarkunZulebia: alaskis, labradoris, floridis, kaliforniis.<br />
kunZulebia: viqtoria, bafinis miwa, grenlandia, niufaundlendi, bermudis kunZulebi, bahamis<br />
kunZulebi, didi antiliis kunZulebi (kuba, iamaika, haiti, puerto-riko), mcire antiliis<br />
kunZulebi, havais kunZulebi.<br />
4. a) kordilierebi urTierTparaleluri maRali mTagrexilebis – kldovani, kaskadovani, sanapiro<br />
qedis, siera-nevadis mTebisgan da maT Soris moTavsebuli sxvadasxva simaRlis – iukonis,<br />
kolumbiis, kolorados da meqsikis zegnebisgan Sedgeba.<br />
b) kldovani, kaskadovani, sanapiro qedebi da siera-nevadis mTebi urTierTparaleluradaa<br />
ganlagebuli.<br />
g) kordilierebis umaRlesi mwvervalia mak-kinli (6 194 m).<br />
6. a) CrdiloeT amerikis teritoriaze vxvdebiT: arqtikul, subarqtikul, zomier, subtropikul,<br />
tropikul da subekvatorul klimatur sartylebs. kontinentis yvelaze didi nawili zomier<br />
sartyelSia moqceuli.<br />
b) subtropikul klimatur sartyelSi havis sami olqi gamoiyofa: wynari okeanis mxares –<br />
xmelTaSuazRvuri, atlantis okeanis mxares – musonur-subtropikuli, xolo maT Soris – kontinentur-subtropikuli.<br />
tropikul klimatur sartyelSi havis ori olqi gamoiyofa: dasavleTSi sanapiro udabnos<br />
havis olqi, xolo meqsikis yuris periferiasa da antiliis kunZulebze – notio tropikuli.<br />
g) CrdiloeT amerikis teritoriaze atmosferuli naleqebi araTanabradaa ganawilebuli.<br />
yvelaze uxvnaleqiania zomieri da nawilobriv subekvatoruli kordilierebisa da meqsikis yuris<br />
mimdebare mTebis kalTebi, sadac 2000-3000 mm naleqi modis. atlantis okeanispira teritoriaze<br />
naleqebis raodenoba 1000-dan 2000 mm-mdea. centralur vakeebze 500-1000 mm, xolo did vakeebze<br />
62
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