geografia 8
geografia 8 geografia 8
XII damatebiTi masala okeaneebis sazRvrebi wynari okeanis dasavleTi sazRvari gadis aziis sanapiroze malakis naxevarkunZulamde, saidanac miuyveba malakis srutis ukidures Crdilo nawils. avstraliasTan sazRvari mihyveba toresis srutes, basis srutes tasmaniasTan da bolos samxreT-aRmosavleT koncxis meridians antarqtidis kontinentis gadakveTamde. okeanis samxreT sazRvari gadis s.g. 60 0 -ian paralelze. aRmosavleT sazRvari mihyveba Crdilo da samxreT amerikis sanapiroebs. hornis kocxidan sazRvari gadis dreikis sruteSi. CrdiloeTis sazRvari gadis beringis sruteSi; Semdeg ki deJnevis koncxidan da diomides kunZulebidan – princ uelsis koncxamde. atlantis okeanis dasavleTi sazRvari mihyveba Crdilo da samxreT amerikis sanapiroebs hudsonis srutidan hornis koncxamde. Semdeg sazRvari gadis dreikis srutiT antarqtidamde. samxreTiT isazRvreba 60 0 -ian paraleliT, aRmosavleTiT ki evropisa da afrikis sanapiroebiT. CrdiloeTi sazRvar gadis CrdiloeT yinulovan okeanesTan: naxevarkunZuli stadti – Setlandis kunZulebi, islandia, datis srute, devisis srute, bafinis miwa da hudsonis srutis samxreTi nawili. indoeTis okeanis sazRvrebia: CrdiloeTiT aziis sanapiro, dasavleTiT – afrikis sanapiro da keTili imedis koncxis meridiani, samxreTiT – 60 0 -ian paralelamde. Crdilo-yinulovani okeanis sazRvrebs warmoadgens wynari da atlantis okeaneTa sazRvao sazRvrebi da evropis, aziis, Crdilo amerikisa da grenlandiis sanapiroebi. msoflio okeanis fskeris reliefi msoflio okeanis fskeris reliefi sakmaod rTuli xasiaTisaa. okeanis fskerze arsebuli qedebi, vakeebi, xeobebi da kanionebi dakavSirebulia dedamiwis qerqis saerTo teqtonikur agebulebasTan, magram SedarebiT mosworebulia, vidre xmeleTis zedapiri. es ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia okeanis wylis dinamikuri (dinebebiT, RelviT) Zalebis moqmedebiT. kontinentebis sanapiroebis gaswvriv gadaWimulia maTi wyalqveSa ganapira mxare – kontinenturi meCeCi (Selfi). misi siRrme 200 metrs ar aRemateba, sigane ki SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos. 200 metris siRrmidan 2500 metr siRrmemde sakmaod cicabod eSveba kontinenturi kalTa, romelic TandaTanobiT gadadis msoflio okeanis fskerSi. okeaneebisa da zRvebis fskeri dafarulia okeanuri naleqebiT. warmoSobis mixedviT es naleqebi ori saxisaa. kontinenturi (e. i. xmeleTidan mdinareebisa da aisbergebis mier Semotanili myari masala, qaris mier gadatanili mtveri da sxva) da okeanuri (okeanis binadarTa narCenebi – niJarebi, mcenareebisa da cxovelebis narCenebi, vulkanuri ferfli). okeaneSi naleqebi Zalian nela grovdeba, daaxloebiT 1 sm 2000 wlis ganmavlobaSi. rac ufro axloa adgili napirTan, miT ufro swrafad mimdinareobs daleqva. magaliTad, Savi zRvis centralur raionSi 1 sm-iani fena ileqeba 25-40 wlis ganmavlobaSi, napirebTan ki 5-6 welSi. okeanis siRrmeebis gazomva pirvelad mezRvaurebma daiwyes. isini navebis napirebTan miyenebis dros siRrmes WokiT zomavdnen. aseTi gazomvebis aRniSvnebi bolo dromdea SemorCenili. Semdeg siRrmeebs lotiT zomavdnen. loti moveTili piramidis msgavsi tyviis tvirTia, romelic dakidebulia metrebad da decimetrebad dayofil rbil trosze. lots mezRvaurebi gemidan uSvebdnen, Semdeg gansazRvravdnen siRrmes, gazomvis adgilis koordinatebs da napiridan daSorebis manZils. praqtikuli miznebisTvis pirvelad siRrmeebs sanapiroebis maxloblad zomavdnen, okeanis Rrma nawilSi ki siRrmeTa gazomva Zneli iyo. wyalSi xmis gavrcelebis siCqaris gamokvlevam da eqolotebis gamogonebam xeli Seuwyo okeaneebis fskeris reliefis Seswavlas. amJamad yvela gemi SeiaraRebulia ultraxmovani eqolotebiT. siRrmeebs zomaven rogorc curvis dros, ise adgilze gaCerebisas. gazomvis Sedegebi TviTmweriT iniSneba da eqogramas iZleva. eqolotis saSualebiT wuTSi 500 m-mde gazomva SeiZleba. 102
msoflio okeanis udidesi Rrmulebi Rrmulebis saxelwodeba siRrme m. mdebareoba wynari okeane marianis 11043 marianis kunZulebis aRmosavleTiT guamis da ianis kunZulebs Soris C. g. 11 0 19’ da a. g. 142 0 15’ filipinis 10540 filipinis kunZulebis aRmosavleTiT iaponiis 10553 kunZul honsiusTan, iaponiis aRmosavleTiT kuriliis 10377 kuriliis kunZulebis aRmosavleTiT kermadekis 9427 kunZul kermadekis aRmosavleTiT tongas 9184 kunZul tongas aRmosavleTiT buhenvilis 9140 axal gvineasa da solomonis kunZulebs Soris Aaleutis 7678 aleutis kunZulebis samxreTiT atakamis 7634 Cilesa da perus sanapiroebTan atlantis okeane puerto-rikos 9218 kunZul puerto-rikos CrdiloeTiT samxreT-sandviCis 8252 kunZul sandviCis aRmosavleTiT romanSis 7369 ekvatorze indoeTis okeane iavis 7450 kunZul iavis samxreT sanapiroebTan atlantis okeanis fskeri sxva okeaneebTan SedarebiT ufro Seswavlilia. misi fskeris reliefisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia meridianulad gadaWimuli Sua atlantikuri qedi, romelic kunZul islandiidan samxreTis ganedis 58 0 -mdea gadaWimuli. Sua atlantikur qedze siRrmeebi sxvadasxvagvaria. CrdiloeT nawilSi atlantis okeanis siRrme (qedze) ar aRemateba 3000-3500 metrs, samxreT nawilSi ki siRrme 2000-3000 m-mde meryeobs. wyalqveSa qedis orive mxares siRr meebi 4000-5000 metramde icvleba. atlantis okeanis dasavleTi nawili ufro Rrmaa da ufro meti Rrma Rrmulia, vidre aRmosavleT nawilSi. atlantis okeanis dasavleT nawilSi arsebuli Rrmulebidan aRsaniSnavia puetro-rikos Rrmuli, maqsimaluri siRrmiT 9218 m. CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanis fskeris reliefisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia didi kontinenturi meCeCi, romlis sigane zog adgilas 1300-1500 km-s aRwevs da centraluri Rrmulis arseboba, romlis siRrme 4000 metrs aRemateba. indoeTis okeanis fskeri CrdiloeTidan samxreTis mimarTulebiT wyalqveSa centraluri 103
- Page 51 and 52: § 31 transporti (1 sT.) Sedegi 7.
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XII damatebiTi masala<br />
okeaneebis sazRvrebi<br />
wynari okeanis dasavleTi sazRvari gadis aziis sanapiroze malakis naxevarkunZulamde, saidanac<br />
miuyveba malakis srutis ukidures Crdilo nawils. avstraliasTan sazRvari mihyveba toresis<br />
srutes, basis srutes tasmaniasTan da bolos samxreT-aRmosavleT koncxis meridians antarqtidis<br />
kontinentis gadakveTamde.<br />
okeanis samxreT sazRvari gadis s.g. 60 0 -ian paralelze. aRmosavleT sazRvari mihyveba Crdilo<br />
da samxreT amerikis sanapiroebs. hornis kocxidan sazRvari gadis dreikis sruteSi. CrdiloeTis<br />
sazRvari gadis beringis sruteSi; Semdeg ki deJnevis koncxidan da diomides kunZulebidan – princ<br />
uelsis koncxamde.<br />
atlantis okeanis dasavleTi sazRvari mihyveba Crdilo da samxreT amerikis sanapiroebs hudsonis<br />
srutidan hornis koncxamde. Semdeg sazRvari gadis dreikis srutiT antarqtidamde. samxreTiT<br />
isazRvreba 60 0 -ian paraleliT, aRmosavleTiT ki evropisa da afrikis sanapiroebiT. CrdiloeTi<br />
sazRvar gadis CrdiloeT yinulovan okeanesTan: naxevarkunZuli stadti – Setlandis kunZulebi,<br />
islandia, datis srute, devisis srute, bafinis miwa da hudsonis srutis samxreTi nawili.<br />
indoeTis okeanis sazRvrebia: CrdiloeTiT aziis sanapiro, dasavleTiT – afrikis sanapiro<br />
da keTili imedis koncxis meridiani, samxreTiT – 60 0 -ian paralelamde.<br />
Crdilo-yinulovani okeanis sazRvrebs warmoadgens wynari da atlantis okeaneTa sazRvao<br />
sazRvrebi da evropis, aziis, Crdilo amerikisa da grenlandiis sanapiroebi.<br />
msoflio okeanis fskeris reliefi<br />
msoflio okeanis fskeris reliefi sakmaod rTuli xasiaTisaa. okeanis fskerze arsebuli<br />
qedebi, vakeebi, xeobebi da kanionebi dakavSirebulia dedamiwis qerqis saerTo teqtonikur agebulebasTan,<br />
magram SedarebiT mosworebulia, vidre xmeleTis zedapiri. es ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia<br />
okeanis wylis dinamikuri (dinebebiT, RelviT) Zalebis moqmedebiT.<br />
kontinentebis sanapiroebis gaswvriv gadaWimulia maTi wyalqveSa ganapira mxare – kontinenturi<br />
meCeCi (Selfi). misi siRrme 200 metrs ar aRemateba, sigane ki SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos. 200<br />
metris siRrmidan 2500 metr siRrmemde sakmaod cicabod eSveba kontinenturi kalTa, romelic<br />
TandaTanobiT gadadis msoflio okeanis fskerSi.<br />
okeaneebisa da zRvebis fskeri dafarulia okeanuri naleqebiT. warmoSobis mixedviT es naleqebi<br />
ori saxisaa. kontinenturi (e. i. xmeleTidan mdinareebisa da aisbergebis mier Semotanili<br />
myari masala, qaris mier gadatanili mtveri da sxva) da okeanuri (okeanis binadarTa narCenebi –<br />
niJarebi, mcenareebisa da cxovelebis narCenebi, vulkanuri ferfli). okeaneSi naleqebi Zalian<br />
nela grovdeba, daaxloebiT 1 sm 2000 wlis ganmavlobaSi. rac ufro axloa adgili napirTan, miT<br />
ufro swrafad mimdinareobs daleqva. magaliTad, Savi zRvis centralur raionSi 1 sm-iani fena<br />
ileqeba 25-40 wlis ganmavlobaSi, napirebTan ki 5-6 welSi.<br />
okeanis siRrmeebis gazomva pirvelad mezRvaurebma daiwyes. isini navebis napirebTan miyenebis<br />
dros siRrmes WokiT zomavdnen. aseTi gazomvebis aRniSvnebi bolo dromdea SemorCenili.<br />
Semdeg siRrmeebs lotiT zomavdnen. loti moveTili piramidis msgavsi tyviis tvirTia, romelic<br />
dakidebulia metrebad da decimetrebad dayofil rbil trosze. lots mezRvaurebi gemidan<br />
uSvebdnen, Semdeg gansazRvravdnen siRrmes, gazomvis adgilis koordinatebs da napiridan daSorebis<br />
manZils. praqtikuli miznebisTvis pirvelad siRrmeebs sanapiroebis maxloblad zomavdnen,<br />
okeanis Rrma nawilSi ki siRrmeTa gazomva Zneli iyo.<br />
wyalSi xmis gavrcelebis siCqaris gamokvlevam da eqolotebis gamogonebam xeli Seuwyo okeaneebis<br />
fskeris reliefis Seswavlas. amJamad yvela gemi SeiaraRebulia ultraxmovani eqolotebiT.<br />
siRrmeebs zomaven rogorc curvis dros, ise adgilze gaCerebisas. gazomvis Sedegebi TviTmweriT<br />
iniSneba da eqogramas iZleva. eqolotis saSualebiT wuTSi 500 m-mde gazomva SeiZleba.<br />
102
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